Granite
Overview
The Granite model was proposed in Power Scheduler: A Batch Size and Token Number Agnostic Learning Rate Scheduler by Yikang Shen, Matthew Stallone, Mayank Mishra, Gaoyuan Zhang, Shawn Tan, Aditya Prasad, Adriana Meza Soria, David D. Cox and Rameswar Panda.
PowerLM-3B is a 3B state-of-the-art small language model trained with the Power learning rate scheduler. It is trained on a wide range of open-source and synthetic datasets with permissive licenses. PowerLM-3B has shown promising results compared to other models in the size categories across various benchmarks, including natural language multi-choices, code generation, and math reasoning.
The abstract from the paper is the following:
Finding the optimal learning rate for language model pretraining is a challenging task. This is not only because there is a complicated correlation between learning rate, batch size, number of training tokens, model size, and other hyperparameters but also because it is prohibitively expensive to perform a hyperparameter search for large language models with Billions or Trillions of parameters. Recent studies propose using small proxy models and small corpus to perform hyperparameter searches and transposing the optimal parameters to large models and large corpus. While the zero-shot transferability is theoretically and empirically proven for model size related hyperparameters, like depth and width, the zero-shot transfer from small corpus to large corpus is underexplored. In this paper, we study the correlation between optimal learning rate, batch size, and number of training tokens for the recently proposed WSD scheduler. After thousands of small experiments, we found a power-law relationship between variables and demonstrated its transferability across model sizes. Based on the observation, we propose a new learning rate scheduler, Power scheduler, that is agnostic about the number of training tokens and batch size. The experiment shows that combining the Power scheduler with Maximum Update Parameterization (\mup) can consistently achieve impressive performance with one set of hyperparameters regardless of the number of training tokens, batch size, model size, and even model architecture. Our 3B dense and MoE models trained with the Power scheduler achieve comparable performance as state-of-the-art small language models. We open source these pretrained models.
Tips:
import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
model_path = "ibm/PowerLM-3b"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)
# drop device_map if running on CPU
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path, device_map="auto")
model.eval()
# change input text as desired
prompt = "Write a code to find the maximum value in a list of numbers."
# tokenize the text
input_tokens = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt")
# generate output tokens
output = model.generate(**input_tokens, max_new_tokens=100)
# decode output tokens into text
output = tokenizer.batch_decode(output)
# loop over the batch to print, in this example the batch size is 1
for i in output:
print(i)This model was contributed by mayank-mishra.
GraniteConfig
class transformers.GraniteConfig
< source >( vocab_size = 32000 hidden_size = 4096 intermediate_size = 11008 num_hidden_layers = 32 num_attention_heads = 32 num_key_value_heads = None hidden_act = 'silu' max_position_embeddings = 2048 initializer_range = 0.02 rms_norm_eps = 1e-06 use_cache = True pad_token_id = None bos_token_id = 1 eos_token_id = 2 tie_word_embeddings = False rope_theta = 10000.0 rope_scaling = None attention_bias = False attention_dropout = 0.0 mlp_bias = False embedding_multiplier = 1.0 logits_scaling = 1.0 residual_multiplier = 1.0 attention_multiplier = 1.0 **kwargs )
Parameters
- vocab_size (
int, optional, defaults to 32000) — Vocabulary size of the Granite model. Defines the number of different tokens that can be represented by theinputs_idspassed when calling GraniteModel - hidden_size (
int, optional, defaults to 4096) — Dimension of the hidden representations. - intermediate_size (
int, optional, defaults to 11008) — Dimension of the MLP representations. - num_hidden_layers (
int, optional, defaults to 32) — Number of hidden layers in the Transformer decoder. - num_attention_heads (
int, optional, defaults to 32) — Number of attention heads for each attention layer in the Transformer decoder. - num_key_value_heads (
int, optional) — This is the number of key_value heads that should be used to implement Grouped Query Attention. Ifnum_key_value_heads=num_attention_heads, the model will use Multi Head Attention (MHA), ifnum_key_value_heads=1the model will use Multi Query Attention (MQA) otherwise GQA is used. When converting a multi-head checkpoint to a GQA checkpoint, each group key and value head should be constructed by meanpooling all the original heads within that group. For more details checkout this paper. If it is not specified, will default tonum_attention_heads. - hidden_act (
strorfunction, optional, defaults to"silu") — The non-linear activation function (function or string) in the decoder. - max_position_embeddings (
int, optional, defaults to 2048) — The maximum sequence length that this model might ever be used with. - initializer_range (
float, optional, defaults to 0.02) — The standard deviation of the truncated_normal_initializer for initializing all weight matrices. - rms_norm_eps (
float, optional, defaults to 1e-06) — The epsilon used by the rms normalization layers. - use_cache (
bool, optional, defaults toTrue) — Whether or not the model should return the last key/values attentions (not used by all models). Only relevant ifconfig.is_decoder=True. - pad_token_id (
int, optional) — Padding token id. - bos_token_id (
int, optional, defaults to 1) — Beginning of stream token id. - eos_token_id (
int, optional, defaults to 2) — End of stream token id. - tie_word_embeddings (
bool, optional, defaults toFalse) — Whether to tie weight embeddings - rope_theta (
float, optional, defaults to 10000.0) — The base period of the RoPE embeddings. - rope_scaling (
Dict, optional) — Dictionary containing the scaling configuration for the RoPE embeddings. Currently supports two scaling strategies: linear and dynamic. Their scaling factor must be a float greater than 1. The expected format is{"type": strategy name, "factor": scaling factor}. When using this flag, don’t updatemax_position_embeddingsto the expected new maximum. See the following thread for more information on how these scaling strategies behave: https://www.reddit.com/r/LocalLLaMA/comments/14mrgpr/dynamically_scaled_rope_further_increases/. This is an experimental feature, subject to breaking API changes in future versions. - attention_bias (
bool, optional, defaults toFalse) — Whether to use a bias in the query, key, value and output projection layers during self-attention. - attention_dropout (
float, optional, defaults to 0.0) — The dropout ratio for the attention probabilities. - mlp_bias (
bool, optional, defaults toFalse) — Whether to use a bias in up_proj, down_proj and gate_proj layers in the MLP layers. - embedding_multiplier (
float, optional, defaults to 1.0) — embedding multiplier - logits_scaling (
float, optional, defaults to 1.0) — divisor for output logits - residual_multiplier (
float, optional, defaults to 1.0) — residual multiplier - attention_multiplier (
float, optional, defaults to 1.0) — attention multiplier
This is the configuration class to store the configuration of a GraniteModel. It is used to instantiate an Granite model according to the specified arguments, defining the model architecture. Instantiating a configuration with the defaults will yield a similar configuration to that of the Granite-3B.
Configuration objects inherit from PretrainedConfig and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the documentation from PretrainedConfig for more information.
>>> from transformers import GraniteModel, GraniteConfig
>>> # Initializing a Granite granite-3b style configuration
>>> configuration = GraniteConfig()
>>> # Initializing a model from the granite-7b style configuration
>>> model = GraniteModel(configuration)
>>> # Accessing the model configuration
>>> configuration = model.configGraniteModel
class transformers.GraniteModel
< source >( config: GraniteConfig )
Parameters
- config (GraniteConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.
- config — GraniteConfig
The bare Granite Model outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top. This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)
This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.
Transformer decoder consisting of config.num_hidden_layers layers. Each layer is a GraniteDecoderLayer
forward
< source >( input_ids: LongTensor = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None position_ids: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None past_key_values: typing.Optional[transformers.cache_utils.Cache] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None use_cache: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None cache_position: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None **flash_attn_kwargs: typing_extensions.Unpack[transformers.modeling_flash_attention_utils.FlashAttentionKwargs] )
Parameters
- input_ids (
torch.LongTensorof shape(batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide it.Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.
- attention_mask (
torch.Tensorof shape(batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in[0, 1]:- 1 for tokens that are not masked,
- 0 for tokens that are masked.
Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.
If
past_key_valuesis used, optionally only the lastinput_idshave to be input (seepast_key_values).If you want to change padding behavior, you should read
modeling_opt._prepare_decoder_attention_maskand modify to your needs. See diagram 1 in the paper for more information on the default strategy.- 1 indicates the head is not masked,
- 0 indicates the head is masked.
- position_ids (
torch.LongTensorof shape(batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range[0, config.n_positions - 1]. - past_key_values (
Cacheortuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor)), optional) — Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in thepast_key_valuesreturned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, whenuse_cache=Trueorconfig.use_cache=True.Two formats are allowed:
- a Cache instance, see our kv cache guide;
- Tuple of
tuple(torch.FloatTensor)of lengthconfig.n_layers, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)). This is also known as the legacy cache format.
The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input. If no
past_key_valuesare passed, the legacy cache format will be returned.If
past_key_valuesare used, the user can optionally input only the lastinput_ids(those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape(batch_size, 1)instead of allinput_idsof shape(batch_size, sequence_length). - inputs_embeds (
torch.FloatTensorof shape(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passinginput_idsyou can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convertinput_idsindices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix. - use_cache (
bool, optional) — If set toTrue,past_key_valueskey value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (seepast_key_values). - output_attentions (
bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. Seeattentionsunder returned tensors for more detail. - output_hidden_states (
bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. Seehidden_statesunder returned tensors for more detail. - return_dict (
bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. - cache_position (
torch.LongTensorof shape(sequence_length), optional) — Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. Contrarily toposition_ids, this tensor is not affected by padding. It is used to update the cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.
The GraniteModel forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while
the latter silently ignores them.
GraniteForCausalLM
forward
< source >( input_ids: LongTensor = None attention_mask: typing.Optional[torch.Tensor] = None position_ids: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None past_key_values: typing.Union[transformers.cache_utils.Cache, typing.List[torch.FloatTensor], NoneType] = None inputs_embeds: typing.Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None labels: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None use_cache: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_attentions: typing.Optional[bool] = None output_hidden_states: typing.Optional[bool] = None return_dict: typing.Optional[bool] = None cache_position: typing.Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None num_logits_to_keep: int = 0 **kwargs: typing_extensions.Unpack[transformers.models.granite.modeling_granite.KwargsForCausalLM] ) → transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithPast or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)
Parameters
- input_ids (
torch.LongTensorof shape(batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide it.Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.
- attention_mask (
torch.Tensorof shape(batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in[0, 1]:- 1 for tokens that are not masked,
- 0 for tokens that are masked.
Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.
If
past_key_valuesis used, optionally only the lastinput_idshave to be input (seepast_key_values).If you want to change padding behavior, you should read
modeling_opt._prepare_decoder_attention_maskand modify to your needs. See diagram 1 in the paper for more information on the default strategy.- 1 indicates the head is not masked,
- 0 indicates the head is masked.
- position_ids (
torch.LongTensorof shape(batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range[0, config.n_positions - 1]. - past_key_values (
Cacheortuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor)), optional) — Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in thepast_key_valuesreturned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, whenuse_cache=Trueorconfig.use_cache=True.Two formats are allowed:
- a Cache instance, see our kv cache guide;
- Tuple of
tuple(torch.FloatTensor)of lengthconfig.n_layers, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)). This is also known as the legacy cache format.
The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input. If no
past_key_valuesare passed, the legacy cache format will be returned.If
past_key_valuesare used, the user can optionally input only the lastinput_ids(those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape(batch_size, 1)instead of allinput_idsof shape(batch_size, sequence_length). - inputs_embeds (
torch.FloatTensorof shape(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passinginput_idsyou can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convertinput_idsindices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix. - use_cache (
bool, optional) — If set toTrue,past_key_valueskey value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (seepast_key_values). - output_attentions (
bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. Seeattentionsunder returned tensors for more detail. - output_hidden_states (
bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. Seehidden_statesunder returned tensors for more detail. - return_dict (
bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple. - cache_position (
torch.LongTensorof shape(sequence_length), optional) — Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. Contrarily toposition_ids, this tensor is not affected by padding. It is used to update the cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length. - Args —
labels (
torch.LongTensorof shape(batch_size, sequence_length), optional): Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should either be in[0, ..., config.vocab_size]or -100 (seeinput_idsdocstring). Tokens with indices set to-100are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in[0, ..., config.vocab_size].num_logits_to_keep (
int, optional): Calculate logits for the lastnum_logits_to_keeptokens. If0, calculate logits for allinput_ids(special case). Only last token logits are needed for generation, and calculating them only for that token can save memory, which becomes pretty significant for long sequences or large vocabulary size.
Returns
transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithPast or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)
A transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithPast or a tuple of
torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various
elements depending on the configuration (GraniteConfig) and inputs.
-
loss (
torch.FloatTensorof shape(1,), optional, returned whenlabelsis provided) — Language modeling loss (for next-token prediction). -
logits (
torch.FloatTensorof shape(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax). -
past_key_values (
tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor)), optional, returned whenuse_cache=Trueis passed or whenconfig.use_cache=True) — Tuple oftuple(torch.FloatTensor)of lengthconfig.n_layers, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head))Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks) that can be used (see
past_key_valuesinput) to speed up sequential decoding. -
hidden_states (
tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned whenoutput_hidden_states=Trueis passed or whenconfig.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple oftorch.FloatTensor(one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
-
attentions (
tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned whenoutput_attentions=Trueis passed or whenconfig.output_attentions=True) — Tuple oftorch.FloatTensor(one for each layer) of shape(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.
The GraniteForCausalLM forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while
the latter silently ignores them.
Example:
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, GraniteForCausalLM
>>> model = GraniteForCausalLM.from_pretrained("meta-granite/Granite-2-7b-hf")
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("meta-granite/Granite-2-7b-hf")
>>> prompt = "Hey, are you conscious? Can you talk to me?"
>>> inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt")
>>> # Generate
>>> generate_ids = model.generate(inputs.input_ids, max_length=30)
>>> tokenizer.batch_decode(generate_ids, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False)[0]
"Hey, are you conscious? Can you talk to me?\nI'm not conscious, but I can talk to you."