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MMAUD

A Comprehensive Multi-Modal Anti-UAV Dataset for Modern Miniature Drone Threats

ICRA 2024 arXiv License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Release: verified

Camera · LiDAR · mmWave radar · Audio · Leica ground truth

MMAUD brings complementary sensing modalities together for drone detection, classification, tracking and trajectory estimation. This repository provides the recordings, extracted data, calibration resources and practical guides in one public download location.

📄 Paper · PDF · 🌐 Project · 💻 GitHub · 📦 Browse data

Overview · Versions · Download · Quick start · Baselines · Calibration · Citation

MMAUD multimodal example showing left and right camera views, LiDAR and radar points, the sensor rig, and an audio waveform

Camera images, LiDAR and radar point clouds, and audio from the original MMAUD project. Figure source.

Dataset at a glance

✅ Upload complete and verified — approximately 367.86 GB, with original filenames and public downloads.

Resource Included in this release
Sensor recordings 12 ROS1 bags with bz2 chunk compression
Ground truth and calibration recordings 13 bags
Extracted V1 data 76,786 individual files: 33,200 PNG images + 43,586 NumPy arrays
Other source files 43 files: 28 WAV, 10 extraction scripts, 3 CSV, noise.bin and the original point-cloud ZIP
Calibration resources 20 files, including camera parameters, reports, CAD/STL and the full 7.24 GB calibration archive
Getting started 11 baseline code entries, a YOLOv5 starting point, 18 common-issue answers and an index of 69 GitHub issues

All 76,829 supplementary source files are included. Images and NumPy arrays can be browsed and downloaded individually, preserving their sequence, modality and timestamp filenames. Sizes on this page use decimal GB.

Dataset versions

Version Role Scenario difficulty Typical localization error
V1 The official dataset contribution of the ICRA 2024 paper Relatively easier 0.3–1 m
V2 / V3 CVPR 2025 workshop challenge extensions More challenging 1–10 m is common

These error ranges are practical guidance from the dataset maintainer, rather than scores for a single benchmark method. Results vary with the method, sequence and evaluation setup.

The source collection groups V2 and V3 under V2_V3/. The maintainer's filename clarification assigns s1 to V2, s2 to V3, and m3e to V2. Original filenames and directory grouping are preserved.

Download

Choose the format that fits your workflow: ROS bags for replaying sensor streams, PNG/NPY files for direct processing, or WAV files for audio experiments.

Data Download / browse Contents
V1 sensor recordings V1/rosbag Avata, M300, Mavic2, Mavic3, Pham4
V1 ground truth V1/ground_truth Five corresponding GT bags
V1 extracted files V1/filesystem_format Images, LiDAR, radar and ground-truth arrays
V2 / V3 sensor recordings V2_V3/rosbag m300s1, m300s2, m30s1, m30s2, m3e, p4s1, p4s2
V2 / V3 ground truth V2_V3/ground_truth Seven GT bags and calibration.bag
Extracted audio V2_V3/audio Four WAV files per sequence; 28 in total
Original extraction scripts V1 scripts · V2 / V3 scripts Ten source scripts; usage notes in Common Issues
Supplementary files supplementary Interpolated CSVs, noise.bin and original 点云.zip
Calibration and sensor geometry calibration Camera YAMLs, reports, raw calibration archive and CAD

Large recording: the 54.74 GB m3e.bag exceeds the Hub's 50 GB per-file limit, so it is provided as three ordered byte parts and a .bag.parts.json manifest. The reassembly script restores the original bag byte for byte and checks its SHA-256. Follow the download and reassembly guide.

See File layout and source coverage for per-sequence counts and source-to-repository mapping. The separate challenge train.zip, val.zip and 59-sequence test.zip are outside this source collection; their references are in Common Issues.

Quick start

Download a selected sequence

Install the Hugging Face Hub client:

pip install -U huggingface_hub

This example downloads the extracted V1 Mavic3 sequence into a local MMAUD/ folder:

import os
os.environ["HF_HUB_DISABLE_XET"] = "1"

from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download

snapshot_download(
    repo_id="Yuan-Shenghai/MMAUD",
    repo_type="dataset",
    allow_patterns="V1/filesystem_format/Mavic3/*",
    local_dir="MMAUD",
)

Use V2_V3/audio/* for audio or V1/rosbag/* for the V1 sensor bags. A single file can also be downloaded from its page using the Download button. The full Mavic3 extracted sequence is approximately 13.04 GB.

Inspect and replay a ROS bag

The sensor recordings use ROS1 bag format with bz2 chunk compression. With ROS Noetic installed, inspect a downloaded bag, decompress it for playback, then replay it:

rosbag info Mavic3.bag
rosbag decompress Mavic3.bag
rosbag play Mavic3.bag

Allow space for decompression: the five V1 sensor recordings occupy approximately 77.88 GB compressed and 298.29 GB uncompressed.

Sensor setup

The collection platform combines two cameras, two 3D LiDAR sensors, mmWave radar and four audio streams, with Leica tracking for ground truth.

MMAUD collection system with cameras, two LiDAR sensors, millimetre-wave radar, an audio array and Leica tracking

Original sensing rig, Leica tracking and example detection, tracking and classification tasks. Figure source. Sensor geometry and transform usage are documented in the calibration guide.

Baseline code

Choose a baseline for your sensor setup. The catalogue includes the original 11 MMAUD baselines, 5 additional methods, pipelines or backbones, 4 detector families, and 5 data or evaluation tools.

📖 Baseline guide · 📚 Papers and BibTeX · 🔎 Code and source audit

The guide covers installation, input preparation, training/evaluation entry points and licenses. Paper links accompany research methods; software references identify community implementations and tools. Check the required annotations, pretrained weights and calibration before running a pipeline.

Original MMAUD baselines

Method / resource Sensor input / purpose Code / setup Paper / reference
ResNet Images Code · Comparison model Paper · BibTeX
Darknet Images Code · Comparison model Paper · BibTeX
VorasNet / DroneChase Audio Code · Comparison model Paper · BibTeX
AV-PED Audio + images Code · Comparison model Paper · BibTeX
Audionet Audio Code · Comparison model Paper · BibTeX
AV-FDTI Audio + images Code Paper · BibTeX
TAME Audio Code Paper · BibTeX
AAUTE Audio Code Paper · BibTeX
UnLiDAR LiDAR Code Paper · BibTeX
MMUDCT LiDAR + images Code Paper · BibTeX
AV-DTEC Audio + images; LiDAR-derived supervision Code Paper · BibTeX

AV-PED and Audionet share the AV-PedAware reference. The AV-DTEC code repository is named AV-DETC.

Additional public methods and implementations

These entries cover multimodal classification, trajectory estimation and feature extraction. PointNeXt-S is a point-cloud backbone used by the LMMUAVC pipeline.

Method / resource Sensor input / purpose Code / setup Paper / reference
LMMUAVC — lightweight fusion RGB + Livox Avia + 360° LiDAR + radar Code · Entry point Software DOI · BibTeX
TARF Multiple LiDAR streams Code · Entry point Software notes · BibTeX
MMAUD acoustic Transformer Four-channel audio Code · Entry point Software notes · BibTeX
YOLOv8 + geometry + Kalman tracking Stereo or monocular RGB Code · Entry point Software notes · BibTeX
PointNeXt-S LiDAR point clouds / object crops Code · Entry point Paper · BibTeX

2D image detection

Use the annotated 2D subset with the selected framework’s custom-data training workflow. Declare the sequence split and provide drone labels or trained weights. These detector frameworks require MMAUD-specific training and preprocessing.

Method / resource Sensor input / purpose Code / setup Paper / reference
YOLOv5 RGB images + 2D training boxes Code Software notes · BibTeX
YOLOv8 RGB images + 2D training boxes Code · Entry point Software notes · BibTeX
YOLOv10 RGB images + 2D training boxes Code · Entry point Paper · BibTeX
YOLO11 RGB images + 2D training boxes Code · Entry point Software notes · BibTeX

Data preparation, annotation and evaluation tools

GT-assisted tools support annotation and evaluation; keep ground truth out of sensor-only inference. The simulation and filtering tools below serve synthetic-data and trajectory studies.

Method / resource Sensor input / purpose Code / setup Paper / reference
LiDAR–image alignment and labeling LiDAR + images + GT for annotation Code · Entry point Software notes · BibTeX
LiDAR trajectory labeling tool Point clouds + optional trajectory reference Code · Entry point Software notes · BibTeX
MMAUD synthetic data generation Simulated RGB and LiDAR; recorded flight trajectory Code · Entry point Software notes · BibTeX
Sound Processing toolkit Microphone-array audio Code · Entry point Software notes · BibTeX
EvoKF trajectory experiments Trajectories with simulated measurement noise Code · Entry point Software notes · BibTeX

Related implementations and tutorials

Code, paper identities and bibliography mappings were checked on 26 October 2026. See the linked papers for experimental results.

Calibration and coordinate frames

🧭 Calibration overview · Transforms and ROS TF · Initial radar-to-camera matrix

The calibration collection includes official left/right fisheye YAML parameters, TXT/PDF reports, CAD drawings, individual STL parts and the complete fisheye calibration archive, including the original calibration bags. The cameras use the omni + radtan model at 1280 × 960.

Use the supplied calibration and CAD geometry as an initial calibration, then refine the inter-sensor transforms on your calibration data. The CAD-derived radar-to-left-camera matrix states its axis and origin assumptions; camera intrinsics, installation geometry and cross-sensor transforms are documented separately.

LiDAR, camera and Leica data share a common time reference while retaining their own spatial frames. V1 needs trajectory-based spatial alignment to Leica; V2 includes an added calibration recording. Use time-paired trajectories to estimate the spatial rotation and translation for V1. See the version-specific alignment guide for the workflow and V1 export-axis conventions.

Verified point/cluster annotations are not included. Ground-truth search regions can support candidate annotation generation; see Common Issues for the current annotation scope.

Verification and documentation

🔎 Every release file has a recorded size and SHA-256. All filesystem files were compared individually with public repository metadata. One sample from each of the 25 sequence/modality folders was also downloaded in full anonymously and hashed. The calibration ZIP passed a full-member CRC check.

Resource What it provides
SHA256SUMS.txt Release-wide checksums, excluding the checksum file itself
RELEASE_VERIFICATION.json Counts, byte totals, verification methods and completion record
Source coverage Mapping from source files to public paths, with explicit exclusions
Filesystem checksums Per-file hashes for all 76,786 extracted PNG/NPY files
Common Issues 18 practical answers on downloads, timing, calibration, annotations and use
Complete issue index 69 GitHub issues and linked discussions, reviewed on 23 October 2026
Baseline guide Code links, configurations and preparation steps
File layout Directory structure, sequence counts and source coverage

License and citation

The dataset is released under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, following the original MMAUD dataset documentation.

📚 Please cite the ICRA 2024 paper when using MMAUD:

Shenghai Yuan, Yizhuo Yang, Thien Hoang Nguyen, Thien-Minh Nguyen, Jianfei Yang, Fen Liu, Jianping Li, Han Wang, and Lihua Xie. MMAUD: A Comprehensive Multi-Modal Anti-UAV Dataset for Modern Miniature Drone Threats. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 2745–2751, 2024.

IEEE / DOI · arXiv · Paper PDF · Download BibTeX

@inproceedings{yuan2024MMAUD,
  author    = {Yuan, Shenghai and Yang, Yizhuo and Nguyen, Thien Hoang and Nguyen, Thien-Minh and Yang, Jianfei and Liu, Fen and Li, Jianping and Wang, Han and Xie, Lihua},
  title     = {{MMAUD}: A Comprehensive Multi-Modal Anti-{UAV} Dataset for Modern Miniature Drone Threats},
  booktitle = {2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)},
  year      = {2024},
  pages     = {2745--2751},
  doi       = {10.1109/ICRA57147.2024.10610957}
}

Baseline references

Download the combined dataset and baseline BibTeX. The dataset citation comes first, followed by paper and software references.

Method / resource Paper / reference and BibTeX
ResNet Paper · BibTeX
Darknet Paper · BibTeX
VorasNet / DroneChase Paper · BibTeX
AV-PED Paper · BibTeX
Audionet Paper · BibTeX
AV-FDTI Paper · BibTeX
TAME Paper · BibTeX
AAUTE Paper · BibTeX
UnLiDAR Paper · BibTeX
MMUDCT Paper · BibTeX
AV-DTEC Paper · BibTeX
LMMUAVC — lightweight fusion Software DOI · BibTeX
TARF Software notes · BibTeX
MMAUD acoustic Transformer Software notes · BibTeX
YOLOv8 + geometry + Kalman tracking Software notes · BibTeX
PointNeXt-S Paper · BibTeX
YOLOv8 Software notes · BibTeX
YOLOv10 Paper · BibTeX
YOLO11 Software notes · BibTeX
LiDAR–image alignment and labeling Software notes · BibTeX
LiDAR trajectory labeling tool Software notes · BibTeX
MMAUD synthetic data generation Software notes · BibTeX
Sound Processing toolkit Software notes · BibTeX
EvoKF trajectory experiments Software notes · BibTeX
YOLOv5 Software notes · BibTeX
ResNet / VisualNet, AudioNet and VorasNet Software notes · BibTeX
AAUTE-style audio CNN Software notes · BibTeX
Baseline BibTeX entries
@inproceedings{he2016resnet,
  author = {He, Kaiming and Zhang, Xiangyu and Ren, Shaoqing and Sun, Jian},
  title = {Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition},
  booktitle = {2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)},
  year = {2016},
  pages = {770--778},
  doi = {10.1109/cvpr.2016.90},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2016.90}
}

@misc{redmon2018yolov3,
  author = {Redmon, Joseph and Farhadi, Ali},
  title = {{YOLOv3}: An Incremental Improvement},
  year = {2018},
  eprint = {1804.02767},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  primaryclass = {cs.CV},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.02767}
}

@inproceedings{vora2023dronechase,
  author = {Vora, Neel and Wu, Yi and Liu, Jian and Nguyen, Phuc},
  title = {{DroneChase}: A Mobile and Automated Cross-Modality System for Continuous Drone Tracking},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Applications},
  year = {2023},
  pages = {8--14},
  doi = {10.1145/3597060.3597237},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3597060.3597237}
}

@inproceedings{yang2023avpedaware,
  author = {Yang, Yizhuo and Yuan, Shenghai and Cao, Muqing and Yang, Jianfei and Xie, Lihua},
  title = {{AV-PedAware}: Self-Supervised Audio-Visual Fusion for Dynamic Pedestrian Awareness},
  booktitle = {2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)},
  year = {2023},
  pages = {1871--1877},
  doi = {10.1109/iros55552.2023.10342257},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/iros55552.2023.10342257}
}

@article{yang2024avfdti,
  author = {Yang, Yizhuo and Yuan, Shenghai and Yang, Jianfei and Nguyen, Thien Hoang and Cao, Muqing and Nguyen, Thien-Minh and Wang, Han and Xie, Lihua},
  title = {{AV-FDTI}: Audio-visual fusion for drone threat identification},
  journal = {Journal of Automation and Intelligence},
  year = {2024},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {144--151},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jai.2024.06.002},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jai.2024.06.002}
}

@inproceedings{xiao2025tame,
  author = {Xiao, Zhenyuan and Hu, Huanran and Xu, Guili and He, Junwei},
  title = {{TAME}: Temporal Audio-based Mamba for Enhanced Drone Trajectory Estimation and Classification},
  booktitle = {ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)},
  year = {2025},
  pages = {1--5},
  doi = {10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10888776},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10888776}
}

@inproceedings{lei2025aaute,
  author = {Lei, Allen H.-X. and Deng, Tianchen and Wang, Han and Yang, Jianfei and Yuan, Shenghai},
  title = {Audio Array-Based {3D} {UAV} Trajectory Estimation with {LiDAR} Pseudo-Labeling},
  booktitle = {ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)},
  year = {2025},
  pages = {1--5},
  doi = {10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10887734},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10887734}
}

@inproceedings{liang2025unlidar,
  author = {Liang, Hanfang and Yang, Yizhuo and Hu, Jinming and Yang, Jianfei and Liu, Fen and Yuan, Shenghai},
  title = {Unsupervised {UAV} {3D} Trajectories Estimation with Sparse Point Clouds},
  booktitle = {ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)},
  year = {2025},
  pages = {1--5},
  doi = {10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10890359},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10890359}
}

@misc{deng2024mmudct,
  author = {Deng, Tianchen and Zhou, Yi and Wu, Wenhua and Li, Mingrui and Huang, Jingwei and Liu, Shuhong and Song, Yanzeng and Zuo, Hao and Wang, Yanbo and Yue, Yutao and Wang, Hesheng and Chen, Weidong},
  title = {Multi-Modal {UAV} Detection, Classification and Tracking Algorithm -- Technical Report for {CVPR} 2024 {UG2} Challenge},
  year = {2024},
  eprint = {2405.16464},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  primaryclass = {cs.RO},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.16464}
}

@article{xiao2026avdtec,
  author = {Xiao, Zhenyuan and Yuan, Shenghai and Xu, Guili and Zeng, Xianglong and Hu, Huanran and He, Junwei and Yang, Yizhuo},
  title = {{AV-DTEC}: Self-Supervised Audio-Visual Fusion for Drone {3-D} Trajectory Estimation and Classification},
  journal = {IEEE Sensors Journal},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {26},
  number = {10},
  pages = {15912--15924},
  doi = {10.1109/jsen.2026.3680898},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2026.3680898}
}

@misc{code_LMMUAVC_lightweight_fusion,
  author = {Feng, Yibo and Li, Ning and Wu, Di and Ma, Ximing and Yu, Xiangyue and Bao, Haiyang},
  title = {Code for: Lightweight multimodal fusion for UAV classification with explicit missing-modality modeling},
  year = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.22670375},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22670375},
  note = {Software, version 1.0.0}
}

@misc{code_TARF,
  key = {TARF},
  title = {TARF: public implementation},
  howpublished = {GitHub repository},
  url = {https://github.com/hasiburrahman875/tarf_mmuav},
  note = {Accessed 2026-10-26; revision 4621a17ae9feaabe9f21ea0337e7b62d6bc6b49a}
}

@misc{code_MMAUD_acoustic_Transformer,
  key = {MMAUD acoustic Transformer},
  title = {MMAUD acoustic Transformer: public implementation},
  howpublished = {GitHub repository},
  url = {https://github.com/Shubham-3256/Baseline-MMAUD-acoustic-transformer-implementation-p2},
  note = {Accessed 2026-10-26; revision 5283b488757cf5cca531e959c074f99ed26caa4e}
}

@misc{code_YOLOv8_geometry_Kalman_tracking,
  key = {YOLOv8 + geometry + Kalman tracking},
  title = {YOLOv8 + geometry + Kalman tracking: public implementation},
  howpublished = {GitHub repository},
  url = {https://github.com/sebovelan/drone-multimodal-detection},
  note = {Accessed 2026-10-26; revision 3926248da1c473822d19cd15bed2055f99964c0e}
}

@inproceedings{qian2022pointnext,
  title = {PointNeXt: Revisiting PointNet++ with Improved Training and Scaling Strategies},
  author = {Qian, Guocheng and Li, Yuchen and Peng, Houwen and Mai, Jinjie and Hammoud, Hasan and Elhoseiny, Mohamed and Ghanem, Bernard},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},
  year = {2022},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.04670}
}

@misc{code_YOLOv8,
  key = {YOLOv8},
  title = {YOLOv8: public implementation},
  howpublished = {GitHub repository},
  url = {https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics},
  note = {Accessed 2026-10-26; revision aa1f778a75a610f7dd2aa4762df1c25f6a3063d7}
}

@inproceedings{wang2024yolov10,
  title = {YOLOv10: Real-Time End-to-End Object Detection},
  author = {Wang, Ao and Chen, Hui and Liu, Lihao and Chen, Kai and Lin, Zijia and Han, Jungong and Ding, Guiguang},
  year = {2024},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  volume = {37},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.14458}
}

@misc{code_YOLO11,
  key = {YOLO11},
  title = {YOLO11: public implementation},
  howpublished = {GitHub repository},
  url = {https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics},
  note = {Accessed 2026-10-26; revision aa1f778a75a610f7dd2aa4762df1c25f6a3063d7}
}

@misc{code_LiDAR_image_alignment_and_labeling,
  key = {LiDAR–image alignment and labeling},
  title = {LiDAR–image alignment and labeling: public implementation},
  howpublished = {GitHub repository},
  url = {https://github.com/Blank-Paradox/LiDAR-and-visible-light-MMAUD-dataset},
  note = {Accessed 2026-10-26; revision fd214ab28c629ba20cf8b906c7a4bd07cd3c695e}
}

@misc{code_LiDAR_trajectory_labeling_tool,
  key = {LiDAR trajectory labeling tool},
  title = {LiDAR trajectory labeling tool: public implementation},
  howpublished = {GitHub repository},
  url = {https://github.com/Hsief/lidar-trajectory-label-tool},
  note = {Accessed 2026-10-26; revision 8715ede3ccff1f51b4fc3542580f305d8a61f1d5}
}

@misc{code_MMAUD_synthetic_data_generation,
  key = {MMAUD synthetic data generation},
  title = {MMAUD synthetic data generation: public implementation},
  howpublished = {GitHub repository},
  url = {https://github.com/C-nwokoye/MMAUD_Research},
  note = {Accessed 2026-10-26; revision 3fd9e714293c28a0fb91c02cded785615ec335bf}
}

@misc{code_Sound_Processing_toolkit,
  key = {Sound Processing toolkit},
  title = {Sound Processing toolkit: public implementation},
  howpublished = {GitHub repository},
  url = {https://github.com/vb-pogribnyi/sound_processing},
  note = {Accessed 2026-10-26; revision 4719cacd9d197addbc21dafe49fb3518606026c5}
}

@misc{code_EvoKF_trajectory_experiments,
  key = {EvoKF trajectory experiments},
  title = {EvoKF trajectory experiments: public implementation},
  howpublished = {GitHub repository},
  url = {https://github.com/mihaozbot/Evolving-drone-tracking},
  note = {Accessed 2026-10-26; revision 83b525614a6a90a78ff14b1f6d04eef63694906b}
}

@misc{code_YOLOv5,
  key = {YOLOv5},
  title = {YOLOv5: public code and dataset resources},
  howpublished = {GitHub repository},
  url = {https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5},
  note = {Accessed 2026-10-26}
}

@misc{code_ResNet_VisualNet_AudioNet_and_VorasNet,
  key = {ResNet / VisualNet, AudioNet and VorasNet},
  title = {ResNet / VisualNet, AudioNet and VorasNet: public code and dataset resources},
  howpublished = {GitHub repository},
  url = {https://github.com/hxlei0827/UAV_comparison},
  note = {Accessed 2026-10-26}
}

@misc{code_AAUTE_style_audio_CNN,
  key = {AAUTE-style audio CNN},
  title = {AAUTE-style audio CNN: public code and dataset resources},
  howpublished = {GitHub repository},
  url = {https://github.com/Shubham-3256/audio-uav-trajectory-p1-},
  note = {Accessed 2026-10-26}
}
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