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The dataset generation failed
Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    ValueError
Message:      Invalid string class label VCapAV@5cff44fa4e4b2634f7bb873e64c96ec7df77a35f
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1537, in _prepare_split_single
                  example = self.info.features.encode_example(record) if self.info.features is not None else record
                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/features/features.py", line 2162, in encode_example
                  return encode_nested_example(self, example)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/features/features.py", line 1446, in encode_nested_example
                  {k: encode_nested_example(schema[k], obj.get(k), level=level + 1) for k in schema}
                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/features/features.py", line 1469, in encode_nested_example
                  return schema.encode_example(obj) if obj is not None else None
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/features/features.py", line 1144, in encode_example
                  example_data = self.str2int(example_data)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/features/features.py", line 1081, in str2int
                  output = [self._strval2int(value) for value in values]
                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/features/features.py", line 1102, in _strval2int
                  raise ValueError(f"Invalid string class label {value}")
              ValueError: Invalid string class label VCapAV@5cff44fa4e4b2634f7bb873e64c96ec7df77a35f
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1369, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
                                                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  )
                  ^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 948, in stream_convert_to_parquet
                  builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1382, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  ):
                  ^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1560, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

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Dataset Card for VCapAV

VCapAV is a large-scale audio-visual deepfake detection dataset focused on non-speech environmental sounds. It introduces new multimodal deepfake scenarios using both Text-to-Audio (TTA) and Video-to-Audio (V2A) pipelines, together with Text-to-Video (TTV) synthesis.
The dataset contains 90,990 clips, totaling 252.75 hours, and supports audio-only, visual-only, and audio-visual detection tasks.

Dataset Description

VCapAV addresses the lack of multimodal deepfake data involving environmental sounds. Unlike existing datasets focused on speech or face-centric manipulations, VCapAV introduces a comprehensive set of environmental audio generation methods and high-fidelity video forgeries.

  • Curated by: Duke Kunshan University, University of Yamanashi, Wuhan University
  • Funded by: DKU Foundation Project “Emerging AI Technologies for Natural Language Processing”
  • Shared by: Authors of the VCapAV paper
  • Language(s): English (captions)
  • License: MIT License

Dataset Sources

Dataset Uses

  • Audio anti-spoofing research
  • Audio-visual deepfake detection
  • Evaluation of general-purpose audio generation methods
  • Studying modality consistency between vision and sound
  • Research on multimodal synchronization, scene-aware generation, and cross-modal alignment

Dataset Creation

Most deepfake datasets focus on speech or human faces. VCapAV fills this gap by focusing on general environmental audio and video–audio consistency, enabling research on non-speech deepfake detection.

The dataset is constructed from a subset of VGGSound (15,446 videos).

Citation

@inproceedings{wang2025vcapav,
  title={VCapAV: A Video-Caption Based Audio-Visual Deepfake Detection Dataset},
  author={Wang, Yuxi and Wang, Yikang and Zhang, Qishan and Nishizaki, Hiromitsu and Li, Ming},
  booktitle={Interspeech},
  year={2025}
}

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