CulturalBind
Collection
Evaluating Cultural Knowledge Editing in Vision-Language Models. Code at https://github.com/MalvinaNikandrou/culturalbind-edit
• 4 items • Updated
concept_id stringlengths 5 5 | concept stringlengths 3 37 | domain stringclasses 10
values | region stringclasses 14
values | country stringclasses 78
values | source stringclasses 2
values | wikipedia_url stringlengths 33 83 | definition_summary stringlengths 50 6.68k | visual_description dict | visual_attribute_qas listlengths 1 9 | encyclopedic_qas listlengths 2 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c0001 | Avgolemono | Foods and Beverages | Southern Europe | Greece | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avgolemono | Avgolemono is a family of sauces and soups made with egg yolk and lemon juice mixed with broth, heated until they thicken.
Avgolemono can be used to thicken soups and stews. Yuvarlakia is a Greek meatball soup made with rice and meat meatballs that are cooked in liquid. Avgolemono is added to the soup to thicken it. Ma... | {
"type_of": [
"family of sauces and soups"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"made with egg yolk and lemon juice mixed with broth",
"heated until they thicken",
"typically, rice, orzo, pastina, or tapioca are cooked in the broth",
"consistency varies from near-stew to near-broth",
"often served... | [
{
"question": "What two main ingredients are mixed with broth to make avgolemono?",
"answer": "egg yolk and lemon juice",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What happens to avgolemono when it is heated?",
"answer": "it thickens",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
... | [
{
"question": "What does the name Avgolemono literally mean in Greek?",
"answer": "egg–lemon",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "What is Avgolemono originally associated with, despite often being considered Greek?",
"answer": "Sephardic Jewish",
"category": "cultural association... |
c0002 | Bianzhong | Music and Performing Arts | Eastern Asia | China | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bianzhong | Bianzhong is an ancient Chinese musical instrument consisting of a set of bronze bells, played melodically. China is the earliest country to manufacture and use musical chimes. They are also called chime bells. These sets of chime bells were used as polyphonic musical instruments and some of these bells have been dated... | {
"type_of": [
"musical instrument",
"set of bronze bells",
"chime bells"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"set of bronze bells",
"bells hung in a wooden frame",
"leaf-shaped cross-section",
"concave mouth (or rim)",
"overall shape expands slightly from top to bottom",
"most common:... | [
{
"question": "What is the typical cross-section shape of a Bianzhong bell?",
"answer": "leaf-shaped",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What structure are Bianzhong bells typically hung in?",
"answer": "wooden frame",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"que... | [
{
"question": "Bianzhong is an ancient musical instrument from which country?",
"answer": "China",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "In ancient China, bianzhong was especially associated with what social class?",
"answer": "Upper-class people",
"category": "cultural association"... |
c0003 | Cymbal | Music and Performing Arts | Western and Central Asia | Western And Central Asia | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbal | A cymbal is a common percussion instrument. Often used in pairs, cymbals consist of thin, normally round plates of various alloys. The majority of cymbals are of indefinite pitch, although small disc-shaped cymbals based on ancient designs sound a definite note . Cymbals are used in many ensembles ranging from the orch... | {
"type_of": [
"percussion instrument"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"often used in pairs",
"consist of thin, normally round plates",
"made of various alloys",
"small disc-shaped cymbals (based on ancient designs)"
],
"actions": [],
"contextual_cues": [
"used in many ensembles ranging ... | [
{
"question": "What shape are cymbals typically made in?",
"answer": "round plates",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "Are cymbals often used singly or in pairs?",
"answer": "in pairs",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What are cymbals typical... | [
{
"question": "What type of musical instrument is a cymbal?",
"answer": "Percussion instrument",
"category": "function"
},
{
"question": "What is a player of cymbals called?",
"answer": "Cymbalist",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "From which language does the word \"cy... |
c0004 | Schnitzel | Foods and Beverages | Western Europe | Austria | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnitzel | Schnitzel is a thin slice of meat. The meat is usually thinned by pounding with a meat tenderizer. Most commonly, the meat is breaded before frying. Breaded schnitzel is popular in many countries and is made using veal, pork, chicken, mutton, beef, or turkey. Schnitzel originated as wiener schnitzel and is very similar... | {
"type_of": [
"thin slice of meat",
"breaded, fried flat pieces of meat"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"thin slice of meat",
"most commonly, the meat is breaded",
"breaded, fried flat pieces of meat",
"made using veal, pork, chicken, mutton, beef, or turkey",
"(Wiener schnitzel) traditi... | [
{
"question": "What coating is most commonly on schnitzel?",
"answer": "breaded",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What meat is Wiener schnitzel traditionally made from?",
"answer": "veal",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What citrus garnish... | [
{
"question": "What dish did schnitzel originate as?",
"answer": "Wiener schnitzel",
"category": "historical"
},
{
"question": "In German etymology, what does the word schnitzel ultimately mean?",
"answer": "Slice",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "In Austria and German... |
c0005 | Porridge | Foods and Beverages | Eastern Africa | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porridge | Porridge is a food made by heating or boiling ground, crushed or chopped starchy plants, typically grain, in milk or water. It is often cooked or served with added flavourings such as sugar, honey, fruit, or syrup to make a sweet cereal, or it can be mixed with spices, meat, or vegetables to make a savoury dish. It is ... | {
"type_of": [
"food",
"sweet cereal (when served with added flavourings)",
"savoury dish (when mixed with spices, meat, or vegetables)"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"made from ground, crushed or chopped starchy plants, typically grain",
"typically grain in milk or water",
"often cooked or ... | [
{
"question": "What starchy plant is porridge typically made from?",
"answer": "grain",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What liquid is porridge typically cooked in besides water?",
"answer": "milk",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What grai... | [
{
"question": "How is oat porridge commonly known in North America?",
"answer": "Oatmeal",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "What is the thinner version of porridge called?",
"answer": "Gruel",
"category": "comparison"
},
{
"question": "What is the Asian-origin savoury v... |
c0006 | Karambit | Tools | South-eastern Asia | West Sumatra | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karambit | The karambit or kerambit, kurambik or karambiak is a small Indonesian curved knife resembling a claw, associated with the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra. The karambit is one of the weapons commonly used in pencak silat and Filipino martial arts. | {
"type_of": [
"knife"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"small curved knife",
"resembling a claw",
"blade became more curved"
],
"actions": [],
"contextual_cues": []
} | [
{
"question": "What is the typical blade shape of a karambit?",
"answer": "curved",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "A karambit is often described as resembling what animal feature?",
"answer": "claw",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "Is a ka... | [
{
"question": "Among which people of West Sumatra was the karambit originally weaponized?",
"answer": "Minangkabau people",
"category": "cultural association"
},
{
"question": "According to folklore, what animal's claws inspired the karambit?",
"answer": "Tiger",
"category": "cultural as... |
c0007 | Otak-otak | Foods and Beverages | South-eastern Asia | Indonesia | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otak-otak | Otak-otak is a Southeast Asian fish cake made of ground fish mixed with spices and wrapped in leaf parcels. Otak-otak is traditionally served steamed or grilled, encased within the leaf parcel it is cooked in, and can be eaten solely as a snack or with steamed rice as part of a meal.
The earliest preparations of otak-o... | {
"type_of": [
"fish cake"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"made of ground fish mixed with spices",
"wrapped in leaf parcels",
"traditionally served steamed or grilled",
"encased within the leaf parcel it is cooked in",
"takes the form of grilled banana leaf parcels filled with a mixture of gr... | [
{
"question": "What kind of leaf is otak-otak commonly wrapped in?",
"answer": "banana leaf",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What color is the otak-otak mixture described as when made with ground fish and tapioca starch?",
"answer": "whitish grey",
"category": "physi... | [
{
"question": "Otak-otak is believed to have originated in the cuisine of which Indonesian city?",
"answer": "Palembang",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Otak-otak is widely spread on both sides of which strait?",
"answer": "Straits of Malacca",
"category": "geographic"
},
... |
c0008 | Falafel | Foods and Beverages | Northern Africa | Egypt | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falafel | Falafel is a deep-fried ball or patty-shaped fritter of Egyptian origin, featuring in Middle Eastern cuisine, particularly Levantine cuisines, and is made from broad beans, ground chickpeas, or both.
Falafel is often served in a pita, samoon, laffa, or wrapped in a flatbread known as taboon; "falafel" also frequently ... | {
"type_of": [
"deep-fried ball or patty-shaped fritter",
"wrapped sandwich (flatbread filled with falafel)"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"ball or patty-shaped",
"made from ground fava beans, chickpeas, or both",
"mixed with herbs and spices",
"often served in a flatbread such as pita, samo... | [
{
"question": "In what two shapes is falafel commonly formed?",
"answer": "ball and patty",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What legume is falafel commonly made from besides fava beans?",
"answer": "chickpeas",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question"... | [
{
"question": "From which country did falafel originate?",
"answer": "Egypt",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "In Middle Eastern cuisine, falafel features particularly in which regional cuisines?",
"answer": "Levantine cuisines",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question"... |
c0009 | Khachapuri | Foods and Beverages | Western and Central Asia | Georgia | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khachapuri | Khachapuri is a traditional Georgian dish of cheese-filled bread. The bread is leavened and allowed to rise, molded into various shapes, and then filled in the center with a mixture of cheese, eggs, and other ingredients.
It is popular in Georgia, both in restaurants and as street food. As a Georgian staple food, the p... | {
"type_of": [
"dish",
"cheese-filled bread"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"leavened bread",
"molded into various shapes",
"filled in the center with a mixture of cheese (fresh or aged, most commonly specialized khachapuri cheese)",
"sometimes eggs or other ingredients",
"Imeretian (Imer... | [
{
"question": "What kind of bread is Khachapuri typically made from?",
"answer": "leavened bread",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "In Khachapuri, what filling is typically in the center?",
"answer": "cheese",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": ... | [
{
"question": "Khachapuri is the national dish of which country?",
"answer": "Georgia",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Khachapuri is included in the list of what kind of cultural heritage of Georgia?",
"answer": "Intangible cultural heritage",
"category": "cultural associatio... |
c0010 | Sanxian | Music and Performing Arts | Eastern Asia | China | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanxian | The sanxian is a three-stringed traditional Chinese lute. It has a long fretless fingerboard, and the body is traditionally made from snake skin stretched over a rounded rectangular resonator. It is made in several sizes for different purposes and in the early 20th century a four-stringed version, the jiaxian sanxian w... | {
"type_of": [
"three-stringed lute",
"spike lute"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"long fretless fingerboard",
"body traditionally made from snake skin stretched over a rounded rectangular resonator",
"rounded rectangular resonator",
"snakeskin front and back",
"curved-back pegbox at the ... | [
{
"question": "What kind of fingerboard does the Sanxian have?",
"answer": "long fretless fingerboard",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What material traditionally covers the Sanxian resonator?",
"answer": "snake skin",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"... | [
{
"question": "What does the name sanxian literally mean?",
"answer": "three strings",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "What type of role is the sanxian primarily used for in music?",
"answer": "accompanying instrument",
"category": "function"
},
{
"question": "In what ... |
c0011 | Pozole | Foods and Beverages | Central America and Caribbean | Mexico | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozole | Pozole is a traditional soup or stew from Mexican cuisine. It is made from hominy with meat, and can be seasoned and garnished with shredded lettuce or cabbage, chili peppers, onion, garlic, radishes, avocado, salsa or limes. Known in Mesoamerica since the pre-Columbian era, the stew is common across Mexico and neighbo... | {
"type_of": [
"soup or stew"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"made from hominy with meat (typically chicken or pork)",
"base of cooked hominy in broth",
"broth is most commonly made with chicken or pork",
"when the broth is meat-based, pieces of the meat used to make the broth are usually served ... | [
{
"question": "What corn product is pozole made from?",
"answer": "hominy",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What meat is pozole most commonly made with?",
"answer": "pork",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What color is pozole rojo typically... | [
{
"question": "Pozole is a traditional soup or stew from which cuisine?",
"answer": "Mexican cuisine",
"category": "cultural association"
},
{
"question": "The word \"pozole\" ultimately comes from which language family?",
"answer": "Nahuatl languages",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
... |
c0012 | Trullo | Architecture | Southern Europe | Italy | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trullo | A trullo is a traditional Apulian dry stone hut with a conical roof. Their style of construction is specific to the Itria Valley, in the Murge area of the Italian region of Apulia. Trulli were generally constructed as temporary field shelters and storehouses or as permanent dwellings by small proprietors or agricultura... | {
"type_of": [
"dry stone hut",
"house"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"dry stone",
"conical roof",
"internal space is covered by a dry stone corbelled or keystone vault"
],
"actions": [],
"contextual_cues": [
"whole districts contain dense concentrations of trulli",
"settlement pat... | [
{
"question": "What building material is a Trullo typically made from?",
"answer": "dry stone",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What roof shape is typical of a Trullo?",
"answer": "conical roof",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What type of... | [
{
"question": "In which Italian region are trulli traditionally found?",
"answer": "Apulia",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Which valley is the trullo construction style specific to?",
"answer": "Itria Valley",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "What were trul... |
c0013 | Netball | Sports | Eastern Africa | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netball | Netball is a ball sport played on a rectangular court by two teams of seven players. The primary objective is to shoot a ball in circumference) through the defender's goal ring in diameter mounted 3.05 metres high to a goal post at each end of the court) while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their ow... | {
"type_of": [
"ball sport"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"rectangular court",
"two teams of seven players",
"goal rings are 380 millimetres (15 in) in diameter",
"goal rings sit atop 3.05-metre (10.0 ft)-high goal posts",
"goal posts have no backboards",
"4.9-metre (16 ft)-radius semi-c... | [
{
"question": "What shape is a netball court?",
"answer": "rectangular",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "In netball, do the goal posts have backboards?",
"answer": "no",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "In netball, what material is the ball ... | [
{
"question": "In netball, which demographic was the sport created exclusively for?",
"answer": "Women and girls",
"category": "cultural association"
},
{
"question": "Netball is most popularly played in what international grouping of countries?",
"answer": "Commonwealth of Nations",
"ca... |
c0014 | Rupicapra | Animals and Plants | Southern Europe | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupicapra | Rupicapra is a genus of goat-antelope called the chamois. They belong to the bovine family of hoofed mammals, the Bovidae.
Two extant species are recognized.
The Apennine chamois is a subspecies of the Pyrenean chamois, a goat-like mammal found in the mountains of Europe. Both male and female have hook-shaped horns t... | {
"type_of": [
"genus of goat-antelope called chamois",
"hoofed mammals"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"both male and female have hook-shaped horns that slightly curl backwards",
"horns grow little by little each year, never falling off",
"coats are light brown and short-haired in the summer",
... | [
{
"question": "What shape are the horns of Rupicapra?",
"answer": "hook-shaped",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "In which direction do Rupicapra horns slightly curl?",
"answer": "backwards",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What is the typic... | [
{
"question": "Rupicapra is a genus of what type of animal commonly called chamois?",
"answer": "Goat-antelope",
"category": "comparison"
},
{
"question": "Rupicapra belongs to which family of hoofed mammals?",
"answer": "Bovidae",
"category": "composition"
},
{
"question": "How ... |
c0015 | Rambutan | Animals and Plants | South-eastern Asia | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rambutan | Rambutan is a medium-sized tropical tree in the family Sapindaceae. The name also refers to the edible fruit produced by this tree. The rambutan is native to Southeast Asia. It is closely related to several other edible tropical fruits, including the lychee, longan, pulasan, and quenepa. | {
"type_of": [
"medium-sized tropical tree",
"edible fruit",
"round to oval single-seeded drupe"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"evergreen tree growing to a height of 15–24 m (49–79 ft)",
"leaves are alternate",
"leaves 14–30 cm (6–12 in) long",
"leaves pinnate",
"leaves with three to... | [
{
"question": "What color is the skin of a rambutan typically?",
"answer": "reddish",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What distinctive surface feature covers a rambutan’s skin?",
"answer": "fleshy pliable spines",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"questi... | [
{
"question": "To which plant family does the rambutan tree belong?",
"answer": "Sapindaceae",
"category": "composition"
},
{
"question": "To which region is rambutan native?",
"answer": "Southeast Asia",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "What is the scientific name of r... |
c0016 | Horseradish | Animals and Plants | Eastern Europe | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseradish | Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana, syn. Cochlearia armoracia) is a perennial plant of the family Brassicaceae (which also includes mustard, wasabi, broccoli, cabbage, and radish). It is a root vegetable, cultivated and used worldwide as a spice and as a condiment. The species is probably native to Southeastern Europe an... | {
"type_of": [
"perennial plant",
"root vegetable"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"grows up to 1.5 meters (5 feet) tall",
"hairless bright green unlobed leaves up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) long",
"large, white, tapered root",
"white four-petalled flowers",
"flowers are borne in dense panicles",
... | [
{
"question": "What color is the horseradish root?",
"answer": "white",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What shape is the horseradish root typically described as?",
"answer": "tapered",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "How many petals do hor... | [
{
"question": "What plant family does horseradish belong to?",
"answer": "Brassicaceae",
"category": "comparison"
},
{
"question": "What part of horseradish is primarily cultivated for use as a spice?",
"answer": "Root",
"category": "function"
},
{
"question": "What compound give... |
c0017 | Sfiha | Foods and Beverages | Western and Central Asia | Bilad Al-Sham | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfiha | Sfiha or sfeeha is a dish consisting of flatbread cooked with a minced meat topping, often lamb flavored with parsley, onion, tomato, pine nuts, and spices. It is traditionally found in the countries of the Levant, and is closely related to manakish and lahmacun.
Sfiha has become popular in Brazil and Argentina, where ... | {
"type_of": [
"dish"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"flatbread cooked with a minced meat topping",
"often a mix of sheep and veal",
"flavored with onions, tomatoes, pine nuts, and spices",
"(in Brazil) may be open-faced flatbreads about four inches in diameter with meat topping",
"(in Brazil... | [
{
"question": "What base bread is Sfiha typically made on?",
"answer": "flatbread",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What kind of topping is Sfiha commonly cooked with?",
"answer": "minced meat",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "In Brazil, ab... | [
{
"question": "Sfiha is a traditional dish from which country?",
"answer": "Lebanon",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Sfiha is particularly associated with which Lebanese city?",
"answer": "Baalbek",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Sfiha is traditionally fou... |
c0018 | Sirwal | Clothing | Western and Central Asia | Turkey | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirwal | Sirwal, also sherwal, saroual, seroual, sarouel or serouel, also known, in some contexts, as Harem pants, are a form of trousers. The word is of Persian origin; shalwār was borrowed into Greek as σαράβαρα sarábāra, "loose trousers worn by Scythians". The words used in Balkan languages came through the Ottoman Turks and... | {
"type_of": [
"trousers",
"(a subtype of) Harem pants"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"loose trousers",
"drawstring",
"usually made from cotton, linen, or polyester",
"sometimes the cuff features embroidery",
"two types: long and short",
"(French Army version) cut so widely that it d... | [
{
"question": "How do Sirwal trousers typically fit on the legs?",
"answer": "loose",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What closure feature is commonly used on a Sirwal?",
"answer": "drawstring",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What material... | [
{
"question": "What is the linguistic origin of the word \"sirwal\"?",
"answer": "Persian",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "From which region was the sirwal introduced to other Middle Eastern areas?",
"answer": "Persia",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "In wh... |
c0019 | Whistle | Music and Performing Arts | Eastern Africa | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistle | A whistle is a musical instrument which produces sound from a stream of gas, most commonly air. It may be mouth-operated, or powered by air pressure, steam, or other means. Whistles vary in size from a small slide whistle or nose flute type to a large multi-piped church organ.
Whistles have been around since early huma... | {
"type_of": [
"musical instrument",
"type of fipple flute"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"produces sound from a stream of gas, most commonly air",
"vary in size from a small slide whistle or nose flute type to a large multi-piped church organ",
"whistles made of bone or wood",
"small shells... | [
{
"question": "What gas most commonly forms the stream that produces sound in a whistle?",
"answer": "air",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What material are some whistles traditionally made from besides wood?",
"answer": "bone",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},... | [
{
"question": "What type of flute is a whistle classified as?",
"answer": "Fipple flute",
"category": "comparison"
},
{
"question": "What does a whistle most commonly use as its gas stream to produce sound?",
"answer": "Air",
"category": "composition"
},
{
"question": "In prehist... |
c0020 | Fujara | Music and Performing Arts | Eastern Europe | Slovakia | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujara | The fujara is a large wind instrument of the tabor pipe class. It originated in central Slovakia as a sophisticated folk shepherd's overtone fipple flute of unique design in the contrabass range.
Ranging from 160 to 200 cm long and tuned in A, G, or F. It has three tone holes located on the lower part of the main body.... | {
"type_of": [
"large wind instrument",
"tabor pipe class",
"overtone fipple flute"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"ranging from 160 to 200 cm long (5'3\" – 6'6\")",
"three tone holes (finger holes) located on the lower part of the main body",
"fipple at the upper end of the main body",
"... | [
{
"question": "About how long is a Fujara typically?",
"answer": "160–200 cm",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "How many tone holes does a Fujara have?",
"answer": "three",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What component runs parallel along t... | [
{
"question": "In which region did the fujara originate?",
"answer": "Central Slovakia",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Who traditionally played the fujara for recreation?",
"answer": "Shepherds",
"category": "cultural association"
},
{
"question": "What playing techn... |
c0021 | Pomelo | Animals and Plants | South-eastern Asia | Southeast Asia | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo | The pomelo from the family Rutaceae, is the largest citrus fruit, and the principal ancestor of the grapefruit. It is a natural, non-hybrid, citrus fruit, native to Southeast Asia. Similar in taste to a sweet grapefruit, the pomelo is commonly consumed and used for festive occasions throughout Southeast Asia and East A... | {
"type_of": [
"citrus fruit",
"tree"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"largest citrus fruit",
"pomelo tree may be 5–15 meters (16–50 feet) tall",
"trunk, often rather crooked, 10–30 centimeters (4–12 inches) thick",
"low-hanging, irregular branches",
"petioles (leaf stalks) are distinctly ... | [
{
"question": "What overall shape is a pomelo fruit typically?",
"answer": "round",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "Compared to a grapefruit, what is notable about a pomelo’s rind?",
"answer": "thicker rind",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": ... | [
{
"question": "What alternate name is the pomelo also known by?",
"answer": "Shaddock",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "To what region is the pomelo native?",
"answer": "Southeast Asia",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "The pomelo is an ancestor of what citru... |
c0022 | Thavil | Music and Performing Arts | Southern Asia | India | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thavil | A thavil or tavil is a barrel-shaped percussion instrument from Tamil Nadu. It is also widely used in other South Indian states as well as in the North and East of Sri Lanka . It is used in temple, folk and Carnatic music, often accompanying the nadaswaram. The thavil and the nadaswaram are essential components of trad... | {
"type_of": [
"barrel-shaped percussion instrument"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"barrel-shaped",
"consists of a cylindrical shell hollowed out of a solid block of jackfruit wood",
"layers of animal skin are stretched across the sides of the shell",
"water buffalo skin on the bigger opening",
... | [
{
"question": "What overall shape is a Thavil drum?",
"answer": "barrel-shaped",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What wood is the Thavil shell typically made from?",
"answer": "jackfruit wood",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "Which animal s... | [
{
"question": "From which Indian state does the thavil originate?",
"answer": "Tamil Nadu",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Which wind instrument does the thavil often accompany?",
"answer": "Nadaswaram",
"category": "function"
},
{
"question": "In which ancient city i... |
c0023 | Pooram | Festivals and Celebrations | Southern Asia | India | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pooram | Pooram pronounced [puːɾam] is an annual festival, which is celebrated in temples dedicated to goddesses Durga or Kali, held especially in the old Valluvanad area, and to a lesser extent in other places, covering Kerala State's present-day Palakkad, Thrissur and Malappuram districts) as also Kollam district, after the s... | {
"type_of": [
"annual festival",
"procession",
"classical musical ensemble performance",
"shadow puppetry show"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"ornately decorated elephant",
"caparisoned elephant",
"stilted mannequins of horses or bullocks",
"fire works",
"five different kinds of... | [
{
"question": "In a Pooram procession, what animal is typically ornately decorated and paraded?",
"answer": "elephant",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "In Pooram, what kind of display is commonly part of the celebration?",
"answer": "fireworks",
"category": "physical_... | [
{
"question": "In which Indian state is the Pooram festival especially celebrated?",
"answer": "Kerala",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Pooram is celebrated in temples dedicated to which two goddesses?",
"answer": "Durga or Kali",
"category": "cultural association"
},
{
... |
c0024 | Jallikattu | Sports | Southern Asia | India | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jallikattu | Jallikattu, also known as Eru Taḻuvuṭal and Manju-virattu, is a traditional event in which a zebu bull, such as the Pulikulam or Kangayam breeds, is released into a crowd of people, and many human participants attempt to grab the large hump on the bull's back with both arms and hang on to it while the bull attempts to ... | {
"type_of": [
"traditional event"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"a zebu bull (Bos indicus)",
"the bull has a large hump on its back",
"flags on the bull's horns",
"a prize of coins that is tied to the bull's horns"
],
"actions": [
"a zebu bull is released into a crowd of people",
"m... | [
{
"question": "What type of bull is used in Jallikattu?",
"answer": "zebu bull",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What prominent feature on the bull’s back do people grab in Jallikattu?",
"answer": "large hump",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question"... | [
{
"question": "In which Indian state is Jallikattu typically practised?",
"answer": "Tamil Nadu",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "During which Pongal day is Jallikattu held?",
"answer": "Mattu Pongal",
"category": "cultural association"
},
{
"question": "Which court ha... |
c0025 | Chapati | Foods and Beverages | Eastern Africa | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapati | Chapati, also known as roti, rooti, rotee rotli, rotta, safati, shabaati, phulka, chapo, sada roti, poli, and roshi, is an unleavened flatbread originating from the Indian subcontinent and is a staple in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Sri Lanka, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa, and the Caribbean. Ch... | {
"type_of": [
"unleavened flatbread",
"wheat bread"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"made of whole-wheat flour known as atta",
"round pieces of thin dough"
],
"actions": [
"forming round pieces of thin dough by slapping the dough between the wetted palms of the hands",
"with each slap, th... | [
{
"question": "What kind of flour is chapati typically made from?",
"answer": "whole-wheat flour",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What is the typical shape of a chapati?",
"answer": "round",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "When shaping cha... | [
{
"question": "Chapati originated from which region, the Indian subcontinent?",
"answer": "Indian subcontinent",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Chapati is also known by what common name: roti?",
"answer": "Roti",
"category": "comparison"
},
{
"question": "The word cha... |
c0026 | Bison | Animals and Plants | Northern America | Northern America | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bison | A bison is a large bovine in the genus Bison within the tribe Bovini. Two extant and numerous extinct species are recognised.
Of the two surviving species, the American bison, B. bison, found only in North America, is the more numerous. Although colloquially referred to as a buffalo in the United States and Canada, it ... | {
"type_of": [
"large bovine",
"typical artiodactyl (cloven hooved) ungulates"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"broad and muscular",
"shaggy coats of long hair",
"adults grow up to 2 metres (6 feet 7 inches) in height and 3.5 m (11 ft 6 in) in length for American bison",
"adults grow up to 2.1... | [
{
"question": "What kind of coat does a bison typically have?",
"answer": "shaggy long hair",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What is the typical body build of a bison?",
"answer": "broad and muscular",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "About... | [
{
"question": "What genus do bison belong to?",
"answer": "Bison",
"category": "other"
},
{
"question": "What does the name of the genus Bison mean in Greek?",
"answer": "Wild ox",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "On which continent is the American bison found?",
"a... |
c0027 | Teacup | Tools | Eastern Africa | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teacup | A teacup is a cup for drinking tea. It generally has a small handle that may be grasped with the thumb and one or two fingers. It is typically made of a ceramic material and is often part of a set which is composed of a cup and a matching saucer or a trio that includes a small cake or sandwich plate. These may be part ... | {
"type_of": [
"cup for drinking tea"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"generally has a small handle that may be grasped with the thumb and one or two fingers",
"typically made of a ceramic material",
"often part of a set composed of a cup and a matching saucer",
"or a trio that includes a small ca... | [
{
"question": "What small feature on a teacup is typically grasped with the thumb and fingers?",
"answer": "handle",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What material is a teacup typically made of?",
"answer": "ceramic",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"que... | [
{
"question": "What is the primary purpose of a teacup?",
"answer": "Drinking tea",
"category": "function"
},
{
"question": "Where did the teacup and saucer originate?",
"answer": "China",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "In what century were teacup handles introduced i... |
c0028 | Ginseng | Animals and Plants | Eastern Asia | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginseng | Ginseng is the root of plants in the genus Panax, such as Korean ginseng South China ginseng and American ginseng characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and gintonin. Ginseng is common in the cuisines and medicines of China and Korea.
Ginseng has been used in traditional medicine over centuries, though modern cl... | {
"type_of": [
"root (of plants in the genus Panax)"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"ginseng root"
],
"actions": [],
"contextual_cues": []
} | [
{
"question": "What part of the ginseng plant is typically shown and used?",
"answer": "root",
"category": "physical_attributes"
}
] | [
{
"question": "Ginseng is the root of plants in which genus?",
"answer": "Panax",
"category": "composition"
},
{
"question": "Which two compounds characterize ginseng?",
"answer": "Ginsenosides and gintonin",
"category": "composition"
},
{
"question": "In which countries has gins... |
c0029 | Silambam | Sports | Southern Asia | India | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silambam | Silambam is an Indian martial art originating in Tamil Nadu, South India in the Indian subcontinent. This style is mentioned in Tamil Sangam literature. The World Silambam Association is the official international body of Silambam. | {
"type_of": [
"martial art"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"main focus is on the bamboo staff",
"the staff length depends on the height of the practitioner",
"ideally, the staff should just touch the forehead about three fingers from the head",
"typically measuring around 1.68 meters (five and a... | [
{
"question": "What is the main weapon used in Silambam?",
"answer": "bamboo staff",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "About how long is a typical Silambam staff?",
"answer": "1.68 meters",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What is the name of ... | [
{
"question": "In which Indian state did Silambam originate?",
"answer": "Tamil Nadu",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "What is the official international body of Silambam called?",
"answer": "World Silambam Association",
"category": "other"
},
{
"question": "Which anci... |
c0030 | Neera | Foods and Beverages | Southern Asia | India | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neera | Neera, also called palm nectar, is a sap extracted from the inflorescence of various species of toddy palms and used as a drink. Neera extraction is generally performed before sunrise. It is sweet, translucent in colour. It is susceptible to natural fermentation at ambient temperature within a few hours of extraction, ... | {
"type_of": [
"sap used as a drink",
"palm nectar"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"sweet",
"translucent in colour",
"mildly alcoholic",
"once fermented, transforms into toddy with 4% alcohol"
],
"actions": [],
"contextual_cues": [
"sap extracted from the inflorescence of various sp... | [
{
"question": "What is the typical appearance of Neera in color?",
"answer": "translucent",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What taste is Neera typically described as having?",
"answer": "sweet",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "From what pa... | [
{
"question": "From what part of toddy palms is Neera extracted?",
"answer": "Inflorescence",
"category": "composition"
},
{
"question": "Before what time of day is Neera extraction generally performed?",
"answer": "Before sunrise",
"category": "function"
},
{
"question": "Once f... |
c0031 | Samosa | Foods and Beverages | Eastern Africa | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samosa | A samosa is a fried South Asian pastry with a savoury filling, mostly vegetables, spiced potatoes, onions, peas, also non-vegetarian meat, or fish. It is made into different shapes, including triangular, cone, or crescent, depending on the region. Samosas are often accompanied by chutney, and have origins in medieval t... | {
"type_of": [
"fried snack",
"pastry"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"pastry with a savory filling",
"filling mostly consists of vegetables like spiced potatoes, onions, and peas",
"can also include meat or fish, or even cheese",
"made in different shapes, including triangular, cone, or cres... | [
{
"question": "What is the typical outer layer of a samosa?",
"answer": "pastry",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What shape is a samosa most commonly made in?",
"answer": "triangular",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What filling is most c... | [
{
"question": "The name of the samosa originates from which language stage of Persian?",
"answer": "Middle Persian",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "What Middle Persian word is the origin of the name samosa?",
"answer": "Sambosag",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"questi... |
c0032 | Idiyappam | Foods and Beverages | South-eastern Asia | Indonesia | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiyappam | Idiyappam, also known as string hopper, indiappa, noolputtu, noolappam, or ottu shavige, is a string hopper dish originating from southern India. It consists of rice flour pressed into noodles, laid into a flat disc-like shape and steamed. The dish also spread to Southeast Asia, where it is called putu mayam in Malaysi... | {
"type_of": [
"string hopper dish"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"consists of rice flour pressed into noodles",
"noodles laid into a flat disc-like shape",
"made of rice flour, salt, and water",
"using wheat flour in its preparation gives it a brownish hue",
"vermicelli-like noodles"
],
... | [
{
"question": "What flour are Idiyappam noodles typically made from?",
"answer": "rice flour",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What noodle-like form does Idiyappam resemble?",
"answer": "vermicelli",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What ove... | [
{
"question": "Idiyappam originated in which region of India?",
"answer": "Southern India",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "To which broader region did idiyappam spread beyond India?",
"answer": "Southeast Asia",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Which ancient... |
c0033 | Dumpling | Foods and Beverages | Eastern Asia | China | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumpling | Dumpling is a broad class of dishes that consist of pieces of cooked dough, often wrapped around a filling. The dough can be based on bread, wheat or other flours, or potatoes, and it may be filled with meat, fish, tofu, cheese, vegetables, or a combination. Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of cooking methods ... | {
"type_of": [
"dishes"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"consist of pieces of cooked dough (made from a variety of starchy sources)",
"often wrapped around a filling",
"dough can be based on bread, wheat or other flours, or potatoes",
"may be filled with meat, fish, tofu, cheese, vegetables, or a ... | [
{
"question": "What is the main outer component of a dumpling typically made from?",
"answer": "cooked dough",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "In a filled dumpling, what does the dough do to the filling?",
"answer": "encloses it",
"category": "physical_attributes"
}... | [
{
"question": "In which language did the term \"dumpling\" emerge by the 17th century?",
"answer": "English",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "What Chinese scholar mentioned dumplings in a poem about 1,700 years ago?",
"answer": "Shu Xi",
"category": "historical"
},
{
"... |
c0034 | Kofta | Foods and Beverages | Western and Central Asia | Turkey | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofta | Kofta is a family of meatball or meatloaf dishes found in South Asian, Central Asian, Balkan, Middle Eastern, North African, and South Caucasian cuisines. In the simplest form, koftas consist of balls of minced meat – usually beef, chicken, pork, lamb or mutton, or a mixture – mixed with spices and sometimes other ingr... | {
"type_of": [
"family of meatball or meatloaf dishes"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"in the simplest form, consist of balls of minced meat",
"balls of minced meat—usually beef, chicken, lamb or mutton, camel, seldom pork, or a mixture—mixed with spices and sometimes other ingredients",
"shapes vary... | [
{
"question": "In its simplest form, what shape does kofta typically have?",
"answer": "balls",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What is kofta typically made from when formed into balls?",
"answer": "minced meat",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"questio... | [
{
"question": "In which broad regions' cuisines are kofta dishes commonly found?",
"answer": "Africa and Eurasia",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "In what languages does the word kofta mean pounded meat?",
"answer": "Hindi-Urdu and Persian",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
... |
c0035 | Rose | Animals and Plants | Northern America | United States | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose | A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing, or trailing, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.... | {
"type_of": [
"woody perennial flowering plant",
"flower"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"can be erect shrubs, climbing, or trailing",
"stems are often armed with sharp prickles",
"flowers vary in size and shape",
"flowers are usually large and showy",
"flowers in colours ranging from wh... | [
{
"question": "What sharp structures are rose stems often armed with?",
"answer": "prickles",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What is the typical shape of rose prickles?",
"answer": "sickle-shaped hooks",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "How... | [
{
"question": "A rose belongs to what genus?",
"answer": "Rosa",
"category": "comparison"
},
{
"question": "A rose is in what plant family?",
"answer": "Rosaceae",
"category": "comparison"
},
{
"question": "Where are most rose species native to?",
"answer": "Asia",
"categ... |
c0036 | Congee | Foods and Beverages | Eastern Asia | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congee | Congee is a form of savoury rice porridge made by boiling rice in a large amount of water until the rice softens. Depending on rice-water ratio, the thickness of congee varies from a Western oatmeal porridge to a gruel. Since the history of rice cultivation in Asia stretches back to the Baiyue-inhabited lower Yangtze c... | {
"type_of": [
"savoury rice porridge"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"made by boiling rice in a large amount of water until the rice softens",
"thickness varies from a Western oatmeal porridge to a gruel (depending on the rice–water ratio)",
"can be topped with meat, fish, and pickled vegetables",
... | [
{
"question": "What grain is boiled in water to make congee?",
"answer": "rice",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What liquid is rice boiled in to make congee?",
"answer": "water",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What pickled food is congee ... | [
{
"question": "The English name congee ultimately derives from which language word?",
"answer": "Tamil",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "What Portuguese form of the name helped pass the word congee into English?",
"answer": "canje",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"quest... |
c0037 | Bamboo | Animals and Plants | Eastern Asia | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo | Bamboos are a diverse group of mostly evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family, in the case of Dendrocalamus sinicus having individual stalks reaching a length of 46 meters, up to 36 centimeters in th... | {
"type_of": [
"mostly evergreen perennial flowering plants",
"grass (subfamily of the grass family Poaceae)"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"individual stalks (culms) reaching a length of 46 meters (151 ft)",
"stalks (culms) up to 36 centimeters (14 in) in thickness",
"internodes up to 2.5 meter... | [
{
"question": "Are bamboo stem internodes usually hollow or solid?",
"answer": "hollow",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What overall shape are bamboo stems (culms) typically described as?",
"answer": "columnar",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"questio... | [
{
"question": "What is the name of the grass subfamily that bamboos make up?",
"answer": "Bambusoideae",
"category": "composition"
},
{
"question": "What rhizome-dependent trait makes bamboo include some of the fastest-growing plants in the world?",
"answer": "Rapid growth",
"category": ... |
c0038 | Jetty | Architecture | Northern America | United States | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetty | A jetty is a structure that projects from land out into water. A jetty may serve as a breakwater, as a walkway, or both; or, in pairs, as a means of constricting a channel. The term derives from the French word jetée, "thrown", signifying something thrown out. | {
"type_of": [
"man-made structure"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"protrudes from land out into water",
"may be constructed in pairs",
"wing dams are extended out, opposite one another, from each bank of a river, at intervals",
"jetties (in some cases) formed of rubble stone and concrete blocks"... | [
{
"question": "In what direction does a jetty typically extend from land?",
"answer": "out into water",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "How are jetties often arranged at a river outlet?",
"answer": "in pairs",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question":... | [
{
"question": "What is the primary purpose of a jetty when used as a breakwater?",
"answer": "Protect from waves",
"category": "function"
},
{
"question": "When built in pairs, what can a jetty help constrict?",
"answer": "A channel",
"category": "function"
},
{
"question": "From... |
c0039 | Hakama | Clothing | Eastern Asia | Japan | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakama | Hakama are a type of traditional Japanese clothing. Originally stemming from kù the trousers worn by members of the Chinese imperial court in the Sui and Tang dynasties, this style was adopted by the Japanese in the form of hakama in the 6th century. Hakama are tied at the waist and fall approximately to the ankles. Th... | {
"type_of": [
"type of clothing"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"tied at the waist",
"fall approximately to the ankles",
"worn over a kimono specially adapted for wearing hakama (hakamashita)",
"two types: divided umanori and undivided andon bakama",
"umanori type have divided legs, similar ... | [
{
"question": "Where on the body is a hakama tied?",
"answer": "the waist",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "About how far down the body does a hakama typically fall?",
"answer": "to the ankles",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "How many stra... | [
{
"question": "Hakama ultimately stem from what type of trousers called Ku worn in which imperial court?",
"answer": "Chinese imperial court",
"category": "historical"
},
{
"question": "In what century was the clothing style adopted by the Japanese as hakama?",
"answer": "6th century",
"... |
c0040 | Capoeira | Festivals and Celebrations | Southern America | Brazil | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capoeira | Capoeira is an Afro-Brazilian martial art and game that includes elements of dance, acrobatics, music and spirituality.
It is known for its acrobatic and complex maneuvers, often involving hands on the ground and inverted kicks. It emphasizes flowing movements rather than fixed stances; the ginga, a rocking step, is us... | {
"type_of": [
"martial art",
"game"
],
"physical_attributes": [],
"actions": [
"includes elements of dance",
"includes elements of acrobatics",
"includes elements of music",
"includes acrobatic and complex manoeuvres",
"often involving hands on the ground",
"often involving inve... | [
{
"question": "What kind of step is the ginga in Capoeira?",
"answer": "rocking step",
"category": "actions"
},
{
"question": "In Capoeira, what body part is often placed on the ground during manoeuvres?",
"answer": "hands",
"category": "actions"
},
{
"question": "What kind of ki... | [
{
"question": "Capoeira is described as what type of martial art and game?",
"answer": "Afro-Brazilian",
"category": "cultural association"
},
{
"question": "What is the name of the rocking step that is the focal point of capoeira technique?",
"answer": "Ginga",
"category": "function"
... |
c0041 | Githeri | Foods and Beverages | Eastern Africa | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Githeri | Githeri (Gĩtheri), also called muthere or mutheri, is a traditional Kenyan meal consisting of maize and legumes (primarily beans) mixed and boiled together. The maize and beans are mixed in a sufuria, a type of pot, with water added, and the mixture is boiled until fully cooked.
It is the staple food of the Gikuyu, Me... | {
"type_of": [
"meal",
"stew (sometimes)"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"consisting of maize and legumes (primarily beans) mixed and boiled together",
"maize and beans mixed in a sufuria (a type of pot) with water added",
"both fresh and dried beans and maize can be used",
"can be made into ... | [
{
"question": "What two main ingredients are boiled together in githeri?",
"answer": "maize and beans",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What type of legumes are primarily used in githeri?",
"answer": "beans",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": ... | [
{
"question": "In which country did Githeri originate as a traditional meal?",
"answer": "Kenya",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "What two primary ingredients make up Githeri?",
"answer": "Maize and beans",
"category": "composition"
},
{
"question": "Which Kenyan ethni... |
c0042 | Tteok | Foods and Beverages | Eastern Asia | Korea | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tteok | Tteok is a general term for Korean rice cakes. They are made with steamed flour of various grains, especially glutinous and non-glutinous rice. Steamed flour can also be pounded, shaped, or pan-fried to make tteok. In some cases, tteok is pounded from cooked grains.
Tteok is eaten not only as a dessert or seasonal deli... | {
"type_of": [
"rice cakes"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"made with steamed flour of various grains, especially glutinous and non-glutinous rice",
"can range from elaborate versions made of various colors, fragrances, and shapes using nuts, fruits, flowers, and namul (herbs/wild greens), to plain white... | [
{
"question": "What grain is tteok especially made from?",
"answer": "rice",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What color is plain rice tteok typically?",
"answer": "white",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What herb is commonly used to color ... | [
{
"question": "Tteok is a general term for what type of food in Korea?",
"answer": "Rice cakes",
"category": "composition"
},
{
"question": "Besides desserts, tteok can also be eaten as what?",
"answer": "A meal",
"category": "function"
},
{
"question": "What is tteok offered to ... |
c0043 | Khichdi | Foods and Beverages | Southern Asia | India | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khichdi_(dish) | Khichdi or khichri is a dish in South Asian cuisine made of rice and lentils with numerous variations. Variations include bajra and mung dal khichri. In Indian culture, in several regions, especially in the northern areas, it is considered one of the first solid foods that babies eat. | {
"type_of": [
"dish"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"made of rice and lentils (dal)",
"variations include bajra and mung dal khichri",
"composed of rice and mung beans",
"vegetables such as cauliflower, potato, and green peas are commonly added"
],
"actions": [],
"contextual_cues": []
} | [
{
"question": "What two staple ingredients is Khichdi made of?",
"answer": "rice and lentils",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What type of beans are commonly used in Khichdi?",
"answer": "mung beans",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What v... | [
{
"question": "Khichdi is part of which region's cuisine?",
"answer": "South Asian",
"category": "cultural association"
},
{
"question": "In Indian culture, khichdi is often considered what kind of food for babies?",
"answer": "First solid food",
"category": "cultural association"
},
... |
c0044 | Chuiwan | Sports | Eastern Asia | China | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuiwan | Chuiwan was a game in ancient China. Its rules resemble modern golf.
The book Dongxuan lu written by Wei Tai fl. 1050–1100) of the Song dynasty, describes how a southern Tang official teaches his daughter how to dig goals in the ground and drive a ball into them. The game became popular by the Song dynasty; and a work ... | {
"type_of": [
"game"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"players use restricted number of clubs (up to 10 in chuiwan)",
"holes are spread on terrains of varying difficulty",
"holes are marked by colored flags",
"chuiwan balls are of different sizes",
"chuiwan balls are made of wood",
"tee-of... | [
{
"question": "What material are Chuiwan balls made of?",
"answer": "wood",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What marks the holes in Chuiwan?",
"answer": "colored flags",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "In Chuiwan, what is the maximum number... | [
{
"question": "In what country did the game Chuiwan originate?",
"answer": "China",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Which modern sport do the rules of Chuiwan resemble?",
"answer": "Golf",
"category": "comparison"
},
{
"question": "During which Chinese dynasty did Chui... |
c0045 | Calisson | Foods and Beverages | Western Europe | France | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calisson | Calissons are a traditional French candy consisting of a smooth, pale yellow, homogeneous paste of candied fruit and ground almonds topped with a thin layer of royal icing. They have a texture similar to that of marzipan, but with a fruitier, distinctly melon-like flavour. They are often almond-shaped and are typically... | {
"type_of": [
"candy"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"smooth, pale yellow, homogeneous paste",
"paste of candied fruit (especially melons and oranges) and ground almonds",
"topped with a thin layer of royal icing",
"often almond-shaped",
"typically about five centimeters (two inches) in leng... | [
{
"question": "What shape is a Calisson often made in?",
"answer": "almond-shaped",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What topping layer is typically on a Calisson?",
"answer": "royal icing",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What color is the ... | [
{
"question": "Calissons are traditionally associated with which French town?",
"answer": "Aix-en-Provence",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "In which region is most of the world's supply of calissons still made?",
"answer": "Provence",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"qu... |
c0046 | Pilaf | Foods and Beverages | Western and Central Asia | Uzbekistan | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilaf | Pilaf, pilav or pilau is a rice dish, usually sautéed, or in some regions, a wheat dish, whose recipe usually involves cooking in stock or broth, adding spices, and other ingredients such as vegetables or meat, and employing some technique for achieving cooked grains that do not adhere to each other.
At the time of the... | {
"type_of": [
"rice dish",
"in some regions, a wheat dish"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"recipe usually involves cooking in stock or broth",
"adding spices",
"other ingredients such as vegetables or meat",
"cooked grains that do not adhere"
],
"actions": [],
"contextual_cues": []
} | [
{
"question": "In pilaf, what liquid is the grain typically cooked in?",
"answer": "stock or broth",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What texture do the grains in pilaf typically have after cooking?",
"answer": "non-sticky grains",
"category": "physical_attributes"
... | [
{
"question": "During which caliphate did methods of cooking pilaf spread widely from South Asia to Spain?",
"answer": "Abbasid Caliphate",
"category": "historical"
},
{
"question": "Which Spanish dish evolved from dishes like pilaf?",
"answer": "Paella",
"category": "comparison"
},
... |
c0047 | Cheongsam | Clothing | Eastern Asia | China | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheongsam | Cheongsam or zansae, also known as the qipao and sometimes referred to as the mandarin gown, is a Chinese dress worn by women which takes inspiration from the qizhuang, the ethnic clothing of the Manchu people. The cheongsam is most often seen as a longer, figure-fitting, one piece garment with a standing collar, an as... | {
"type_of": [
"dress",
"one piece garment"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"longer, figure-fitting, one piece garment",
"standing collar",
"asymmetric, left-over-right (youren) opening",
"two side slits",
"embellished with Chinese frog fasteners on the lapel and the collar",
"typicall... | [
{
"question": "What type of collar does a Cheongsam typically have?",
"answer": "standing collar",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What kind of opening does a Cheongsam typically feature?",
"answer": "left-over-right opening",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
... | [
{
"question": "Cheongsam is also known by what other name?",
"answer": "Qipao",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "The cheongsam takes inspiration from the ethnic clothing of which people?",
"answer": "Manchu people",
"category": "cultural association"
},
{
"question": "I... |
c0048 | Nadaswaram | Music and Performing Arts | Southern Asia | India | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadaswaram | The nadaswaram is a double reed wind instrument from South India. It is used as a traditional classical instrument in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Kerala and in the northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.
This instrument is "among the world's loudest non-brass acoustic instruments". It is a win... | {
"type_of": [
"double reed wind instrument"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"partially similar to the North Indian shehnai, but much longer",
"hardwood body",
"large flaring bell made of wood or metal",
"double reed instrument with a conical bore which gradually enlarges toward the lower end",
... | [
{
"question": "What material is the body of a Nadaswaram typically made from?",
"answer": "hardwood",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What distinctive shape does the bell of a Nadaswaram have?",
"answer": "large flaring bell",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
... | [
{
"question": "From which region is the nadaswaram originally associated?",
"answer": "South India",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "In South Indian culture, at what type of ceremony is the nadaswaram a key instrument?",
"answer": "Hindu weddings",
"category": "cultural associ... |
c0049 | Empanada | Foods and Beverages | Central America and Caribbean | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empanada | An empanada is a type of baked or fried turnover consisting of pastry and filling, common in Spain, other Southern European countries, Latin American countries, and the Philippines. The name comes from the Spanish empanar, and translates as 'breaded', that is, wrapped or coated in bread. They are made by folding dough ... | {
"type_of": [
"baked or fried turnover"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"consisting of pastry and filling",
"made by folding dough over a filling",
"filling may consist of meat, cheese, tomato, corn, or other ingredients",
"wrapped or coated in bread"
],
"actions": [],
"contextual_cues": []... | [
{
"question": "What two main parts does an empanada consist of?",
"answer": "pastry and filling",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "How is the dough typically shaped around the filling in an empanada?",
"answer": "folded over",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{... | [
{
"question": "From what Spanish verb does the name \"empanada\" come?",
"answer": "empanar",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "What does the name \"empanada\" translate as?",
"answer": "Breaded",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "In what region are empanadas th... |
c0050 | Puffball | Animals and Plants | Northern America | United States | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puffball | Puffballs are a type of fungus featuring a ball-shaped fruit body that bursts on contact or impact, releasing a cloud of dust-like spores into the surrounding area. Puffballs belong to the division Basidiomycota and encompass several genera, including Calvatia, Calbovista and Lycoperdon. The puffballs were previously t... | {
"type_of": [
"fungus"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"ball-shaped fruit body",
"do not have an open cap with spore-bearing gills",
"spores are produced internally, in a spheroidal fruit body called a gasterothecium",
"spores form a mass called a gleba in the centre of the fruitbody that is ofte... | [
{
"question": "What overall shape is a puffball fruit body?",
"answer": "ball-shaped",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "Do true puffballs have a visible stalk or stem?",
"answer": "no",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What color is the flesh... | [
{
"question": "To which fungal division do puffballs belong?",
"answer": "Basidiomycota",
"category": "composition"
},
{
"question": "What former taxonomic group were puffballs previously treated as?",
"answer": "Gasteromycetes",
"category": "historical"
},
{
"question": "What is... |
c0051 | Djembe | Music and Performing Arts | Western Africa | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djembe | A djembe or jembe is a rope-tuned skin-covered goblet drum played with bare hands, originally from West Africa.
According to the Bambara people in Mali, the name of the djembe comes from the saying "Anke djé, anke bé" which translates to "everyone gather together in peace" and defines the drum's purpose. In the Bambara... | {
"type_of": [
"rope-tuned skin-covered goblet drum"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"goblet shape",
"body (or shell) carved of hardwood",
"drumhead made of untreated (not limed) rawhide",
"drumhead most commonly made from goatskin",
"excluding rings, exterior diameter of 30–38 cm (12–15 in)",... | [
{
"question": "What overall shape does a Djembe typically have?",
"answer": "goblet shape",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What material is a Djembe shell typically carved from?",
"answer": "hardwood",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What ... | [
{
"question": "From which region did the djembe originally come?",
"answer": "West Africa",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "According to the Bambara people, what is the purpose of the djembe?",
"answer": "Gather in peace",
"category": "function"
},
{
"question": "With ... |
c0052 | Prora | Architecture | Western Europe | Germany | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prora | The Colossus of Prora, commonly known as simply "Prora", is a building complex in the municipality of Binz on the island of Rügen, Germany. It was built by Nazi Germany between 1936 and 1939 as part of the Strength Through Joy project. It consisted of eight identical buildings and was 4.5 km in length parallel to the b... | {
"type_of": [
"building complex"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"consisted of eight identical buildings",
"4.5 km (2+3⁄4 mi) in length parallel to the beach",
"surviving structures stretching 3.0 km (1+7⁄8 mi)",
"buildings extended over a length of 4.5 kilometres (2+3⁄4 mi)",
"roughly 150 me... | [
{
"question": "How many identical buildings did Prora consist of?",
"answer": "eight",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "About how long was Prora designed to extend parallel to the beach?",
"answer": "4.5 km",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "... | [
{
"question": "In which country is Prora located?",
"answer": "Germany",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Prora was built as part of which Nazi program?",
"answer": "Strength Through Joy",
"category": "historical"
},
{
"question": "Which regime built Prora between 1936 ... |
c0053 | Mango | Animals and Plants | Southern Asia | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango | A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica. It originated from the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. M. indica has been cultivated in South and Southeast Asia since ancient times resulting in two types of modern mango cultivars: the 'Indian typ... | {
"type_of": [
"edible stone fruit",
"fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica",
"tropical tree"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"mango trees grow to 30–40 metres (98–131 feet) tall",
"crown radius of 10–15 m (33–49 ft)",
"leaves are evergreen, alternate, simple, 15–35 centimetres ... | [
{
"question": "What shape is the pit inside a mango typically described as?",
"answer": "flat and oblong",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What is the typical texture of a mango’s skin?",
"answer": "waxy and smooth",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"que... | [
{
"question": "What is the scientific name of the mango tree that produces the common mango fruit?",
"answer": "Mangifera indica",
"category": "other"
},
{
"question": "From what region did the mango (Mangifera indica) originate?",
"answer": "Myanmar-India-Bangladesh region",
"category":... |
c0054 | Ngoma | Music and Performing Arts | Eastern Africa | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngoma_music | Ngoma is a Bantu term with many connotations that encompasses music, dance, and instruments. In Tanzania ngoma also refers to events, both significant life-changing events such as the first menstruation or the birth or passing of a loved one, as well as momentary events such as celebrations, rituals, or competitions. N... | {
"type_of": [
"music",
"dance",
"instruments",
"events (celebrations, rituals, or competitions)",
"musical genre"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"use of a variety of instruments, including traditional string instruments and horns",
"most prominently the use of drums",
"in some tradit... | [
{
"question": "What instrument is most prominently used in Ngoma performances?",
"answer": "drums",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "In mganda Ngoma, what style of clothing is worn as costumes?",
"answer": "western military uniforms",
"category": "physical_attributes"
... | [
{
"question": "In what language is the term Ngoma used as a broad term for music, dance, and instruments?",
"answer": "Swahili",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "In what country is Ngoma deemed an official musical form by BASATA?",
"answer": "Tanzania",
"category": "geographic"... |
c0055 | Guqin | Music and Performing Arts | Eastern Asia | China | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guqin | The guqin is a plucked seven-string Chinese musical instrument. It has been played since ancient times, and has traditionally been favoured by scholars and literati as an instrument of great subtlety and refinement, as highlighted by the quote "a gentleman does not part with his qin or se without good reason," as well ... | {
"type_of": [
"plucked seven-string musical instrument"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"seven-stringed",
"long stringed instrument",
"without frets",
"has 13 \"hui\"",
"91 (most commonly used) harmonics are indicated by the dotted positions"
],
"actions": [
"sounds are produced by pl... | [
{
"question": "How many strings does a Guqin typically have?",
"answer": "seven",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "Does a Guqin have frets?",
"answer": "no",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "How many \"hui\" markers are on a Guqin?",
"ans... | [
{
"question": "Which country is the guqin traditionally associated with?",
"answer": "China",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Which social group traditionally favored playing the guqin?",
"answer": "Scholars and literati",
"category": "cultural association"
},
{
"quest... |
c0056 | Pho | Foods and Beverages | South-eastern Asia | Vietnam | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pho | Phở or Pho is a Vietnamese soup dish consisting of broth, rice noodles, herbs, and meat ), sometimes chicken . Phở is a popular food in Vietnam where it is served in households, street-stalls, and restaurants country-wide. Residents of the city of Nam Định were the first to create Vietnamese traditional phở. It is cons... | {
"type_of": [
"soup dish"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"consisting of broth, rice noodles (bánh phở), herbs, and meat",
"usually beef (phở bò)",
"sometimes chicken (phở gà)"
],
"actions": [],
"contextual_cues": [
"served in households, street-stalls, and restaurants",
"originally sol... | [
{
"question": "What type of noodles are typically used in pho?",
"answer": "rice noodles",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What liquid base is pho made with?",
"answer": "broth",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What meat is pho usually made... | [
{
"question": "Pho is considered the national dish of which country?",
"answer": "Vietnam",
"category": "cultural association"
},
{
"question": "In which region of Vietnam did pho originate?",
"answer": "Northern Vietnam",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Which city’s r... |
c0057 | Kavurma | Foods and Beverages | Western and Central Asia | Turkey | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavurma | Kavurma is a broad type of fried or sautéed meat dish found in Turkish cuisine. The name also refers to canned or preserved versions of a similar dish, prepared by dry frying the meat to render down the fat. Similar dishes are known in Central Asia as kuurdak. It's present in cultures and cuisines of Turkey, neighbouri... | {
"type_of": [
"fried or sautéed meat dish",
"canned or preserved versions of a similar dish",
"vegetable dish (in parts of northern and western Turkey)"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"made with onions and meat such as lamb, beef, hare or other game",
"peppers such as urfa biber are nearly alway... | [
{
"question": "What kind of container is Kavurma often served in?",
"answer": "shallow two-handled pan",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What small metal pan is Kavurma sometimes served in?",
"answer": "sahan",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question"... | [
{
"question": "Kavurma is a meat dish found in which country's cuisine?",
"answer": "Turkey",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "In Central Asia, what similar dish is kavurma known as?",
"answer": "Kuurdak",
"category": "comparison"
},
{
"question": "The name 'kavurma' co... |
c0058 | Kompang | Music and Performing Arts | South-eastern Asia | Indonesia | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompang | Kompang is a traditional Balinese and Javanese musical instrument part of gamelan in the percussion family originated from the Indonesian region of Ponorogo in East Java. Kompang has existed in Indonesia since at least the 8th century and has spread to various regions of Indonesia as well as the Southeast Asia in gener... | {
"type_of": [
"musical instrument",
"percussion instrument",
"part of a gamelan (set of musical instruments)"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"hollow part on the back that is not covered with skin",
"has a variety of varied forms, from small to large",
"currently the form is dominated by medi... | [
{
"question": "What part of a Kompang is not covered with skin?",
"answer": "back",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What is the typical size category that dominates modern Kompang forms?",
"answer": "medium",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": ... | [
{
"question": "From which Indonesian region did the Kompang originate?",
"answer": "Ponorogo",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Which Indonesian province is Ponorogo in, where the Kompang originated?",
"answer": "East Java",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Si... |
c0059 | Angklung | Music and Performing Arts | South-eastern Asia | Indonesia | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angklung | The angklung is a musical instrument from the Sundanese in Indonesia that is made of a varying number of bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame. The tubes are carved to produce a resonant pitch when struck and are tuned to octaves, similar to Western handbells. The base of the frame is held in one hand, while the othe... | {
"type_of": [
"musical instrument"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"made of a varying number of bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame",
"tubes are carved"
],
"actions": [
"base of the frame is held in one hand",
"the other hand shakes the instrument"
],
"contextual_cues": [
"each pe... | [
{
"question": "What material are the tubes of an angklung typically made from?",
"answer": "bamboo",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What are the bamboo tubes of an angklung attached to?",
"answer": "a bamboo frame",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"que... | [
{
"question": "In which country did the Angklung originate?",
"answer": "Indonesia",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "Which ethnic group traditionally plays the Angklung?",
"answer": "Sundanese",
"category": "cultural association"
},
{
"question": "Which UNESCO list inc... |
c0060 | Chard | Animals and Plants | Southern Europe | null | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chard | Chard or Swiss chard is a green leafy vegetable. In the cultivars of the Flavescens Group, the leaf stalks are large and often prepared separately from the leaf blade; the Cicla Group is the leafy spinach beet. The leaf blade can be green or reddish; the leaf stalks are usually white, yellow or red.
Chard, like other g... | {
"type_of": [
"green leafy vegetable"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"leaf stalks are large (in cultivars of the Flavescens Group, or Swiss chard)",
"leafier (Cicla Group, the leafier spinach beet)",
"leaf blade can be green or reddish",
"leaf stalks are usually white, yellow or red"
],
"act... | [
{
"question": "In Swiss chard, how are the leaf stalks typically described in size?",
"answer": "large",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What color can the leaf blade of chard be besides green?",
"answer": "reddish",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"que... | [
{
"question": "What is the scientific name of chard as a subspecies?",
"answer": "Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris",
"category": "other"
},
{
"question": "Which botanist first described chard in 1753?",
"answer": "Carl Linnaeus",
"category": "historical"
},
{
"question": "What beet ... |
c0061 | Cobla | Music and Performing Arts | Southern Europe | Spain | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobla | The cobla is a traditional music ensemble of Catalonia, and in Northern Catalonia in France. It is generally used to accompany the sardana, a traditional Catalan folk dance, danced in a circle. | {
"type_of": [
"music ensemble"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"modern Cobla normally consists of 11 players",
"one flabiol (a type of fipple flute)",
"a tamborí (a small drum) attached to the left arm of the player",
"four Catalan shawms (double-reed woodwinds)",
"two tibles (like an oboe)",... | [
{
"question": "How many players are normally in a modern Cobla?",
"answer": "11",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What small drum is attached to the left arm in a Cobla?",
"answer": "tamborí",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "How many trumpe... | [
{
"question": "In which region is the cobla a traditional music ensemble?",
"answer": "Catalonia",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "In which country is Northern Catalonia, where cobla is traditional, located?",
"answer": "France",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question... |
c0062 | Chamomile | Animals and Plants | Western and Central Asia | Turkey | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamomile | Chamomile or camomile is the common name for several daisy-like plants of the family Asteraceae. Two of the species, Matricaria chamomilla and Chamaemelum nobile, are commonly used to make herbal infusions for beverages. There has been limited research as to whether consuming chamomile in foods or beverages is effectiv... | {
"type_of": [
"daisy-like plants (family Asteraceae)"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"daisy-like"
],
"actions": [],
"contextual_cues": [
"used as a ground cover or seating plant in gardens",
"used to create a chamomile lawn"
]
} | [
{
"question": "What flower-like appearance is chamomile typically described as having?",
"answer": "daisy-like",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "In gardens, chamomile is commonly used as what kind of low-growing plant cover?",
"answer": "ground cover",
"category": "co... | [
{
"question": "Chamomile belongs to what plant family?",
"answer": "Asteraceae",
"category": "composition"
},
{
"question": "Which two chamomile species are commonly used to make herbal infusions?",
"answer": "Matricaria chamomilla and Chamaemelum nobile",
"category": "composition"
},
... |
c0063 | Gyros | Foods and Beverages | Southern Europe | Greece | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyros | Gyros, sometimes anglicized as a gyro in some regions, is meat cooked on a vertical rotisserie, then sliced and served wrapped or stuffed in pita bread, along with other ingredients such as tomato, onion, fried potatoes, and tzatziki. In Greece, it is normally made with pork or sometimes with chicken, whilst beef and l... | {
"type_of": [
"meat cooked on a vertical rotisserie",
"skewered meat dish"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"meat cooked on a vertical rotisserie",
"sliced meat",
"served wrapped or stuffed in pita bread",
"with other ingredients such as tomato, onion, fried potatoes, and tzatziki",
"norma... | [
{
"question": "What bread is Gyros typically wrapped or stuffed in?",
"answer": "pita bread",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What sauce is a typical topping in Gyros?",
"answer": "tzatziki",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What vegetable i... | [
{
"question": "What does the name \"gyros\" literally mean in Greek?",
"answer": "Turn",
"category": "linguistic"
},
{
"question": "Gyros is a calque of what Turkish dish?",
"answer": "Döner",
"category": "comparison"
},
{
"question": "In what city was the vertical spit method th... |
c0064 | Zappeion | Architecture | Southern Europe | Greece | CROPE | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zappeion | The Zappeion is a large, palatial building next to the National Gardens of Athens in the heart of Athens, Greece. It is generally used for meetings and ceremonies, both official and private and is one of the city's most renowned modern landmarks. | {
"type_of": [
"large, palatial building",
"Conference and Exhibition Center"
],
"physical_attributes": [
"marble-clad, peristyle main atrium"
],
"actions": [],
"contextual_cues": [
"next to the National Gardens of Athens",
"between the Palace Gardens and the ancient Temple of Olympian Z... | [
{
"question": "What material clads the main atrium of the Zappeion?",
"answer": "marble",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"question": "What architectural feature surrounds the main atrium of the Zappeion?",
"answer": "peristyle",
"category": "physical_attributes"
},
{
"que... | [
{
"question": "In which city and country is the Zappeion located?",
"answer": "Athens, Greece",
"category": "geographic"
},
{
"question": "For what major international event revival was the Zappeion the first building erected specifically?",
"answer": "Modern Olympic Games",
"category": ... |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
CulturalBind
CulturalBind is an evaluation benchmark for culture-specific concepts. It tests whether what a vision-language model knows about a concept in text carries over to recognising and reasoning about that concept from an image.
It covers 1,089 concepts from 10 domains and 14 world regions, with 3,199 images. The data comes in two configs, one for each half of the cross-modal evaluation:
| Config | Rows | Unit | Measures |
|---|---|---|---|
concepts |
1,089 | one concept | Open-Ended Description, Encyclopedic QA, Visual Attribute QA |
images |
3,199 | one image of a concept | Recognition QA, Visually-Grounded Encyclopedic QA |
The two configs are linked by concept_id. Each images row carries everything needed to evaluate that image, so the image-based measures don't need a join. The text-only QAs are stored once per concept in concepts rather than repeated for every image.
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
concepts = load_dataset("Malvinan/CulturalBind", "concepts", split="test")
images = load_dataset("Malvinan/CulturalBind", "images", split="test")
# Join an image to its concept
concept_by_id = {c["concept_id"]: c for c in concepts}
image = images[0]
concept = concept_by_id[image["concept_id"]]
Measures
| Measure | Config | Input | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open-Ended Description | concepts |
concept name | definition_summary |
| Encyclopedic QA | concepts |
encyclopedic_qas[].question |
encyclopedic_qas[].answer |
| Visual Attribute QA | concepts |
visual_attribute_qas[].question |
visual_attribute_qas[].answer |
| Recognition QA | images |
image + question |
answer |
| Visually-Grounded Encyclopedic QA | images |
image + vg_encyclopedic_qas[].question |
vg_encyclopedic_qas[].answer |
The Visually-Grounded Encyclopedic QAs are the Encyclopedic QAs of the same concept, rewritten to refer to the concept only through the image. The two lists are aligned by index and share answers and categories, so text and image performance can be compared question by question.
Data fields
concepts
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
concept_id |
string | Concept identifier (c0001–c1089), shared with images |
concept |
string | Concept name |
domain |
string | One of 10 domains (see below) |
region |
string | One of 14 world regions |
country |
string | null | Place of origin: usually a country, sometimes a sub- or supra-national area. Null for 56 concepts |
source |
string | Where the concept comes from: CROPE or CulturalGround |
wikipedia_url |
string | English Wikipedia article for the concept |
definition_summary |
string | Summary of the Wikipedia article; the reference for Open-Ended Description |
visual_description |
struct | Visual descriptors taken from the article, in four lists: type_of, physical_attributes, actions, contextual_cues |
visual_attribute_qas |
list[struct] | {question, answer, category}; category is physical_attributes, actions or contextual_cues |
encyclopedic_qas |
list[struct] | {question, answer, category}; category is one of historical, geographic, linguistic, cultural association, function, comparison, composition, other |
images
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
image_id |
string | Image identifier (i0001–i3199) |
concept_id |
string | The concept shown in the image |
image |
image | The image |
image_source |
string | Where the image comes from: CROPE, CulturalGround or Openverse |
image_url |
string | null | Original location of the image. Null for 6 CulturalGround images no longer found on Wikimedia Commons |
image_license |
string | null | License of the image, where it could be determined |
image_author |
string | null | Creator of the image, where known |
domain, region |
string | Copied from the concept |
question |
string | Recognition question, e.g. "What is this dish called?" |
answer |
string | Gold answer for recognition |
vg_encyclopedic_qas |
list[struct] | {question, answer, category}, aligned by index with the concept's encyclopedic_qas |
Sources
- Concepts. 306 concepts come from CROPE and 783 from CulturalGround, a set of culture-specific concepts collected from Wikidata. Concepts are matched to their English Wikipedia articles.
- Images. 1,017 images come from CROPE, 1,733 from Wikimedia Commons via the Wikidata entries of CulturalGround concepts, and 449 additional CC-licensed images were retrieved through Openverse and filtered manually.
- Text.
definition_summary,visual_descriptionand both QA sets were derived from each concept's English Wikipedia article. The QAs were generated with a large language model.
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