zhongyi-zhou/toolgrad-1b

ToolGrad 1B

ToolGrad 1B is a fine-tuned version of google/gemma-3-1b-it optimized for function calling and tool-use tasks. It is trained on the dataset generated using the method described in our paper ToolGrad: Efficient Tool-use Dataset Generation with Textual "Gradients" (ACL 2026 Finding). The codebase is available at our GitHub Repository.

Model Details

• Developed by: Zhongyi Zhou
• Model Type: Causal Language Model
• Base Model: google/gemma-3-1b-it
• License: gemma-terms-of-use

Intended Use

Single-turn tool-use tasks.

Evaluation Results

Evaluated on the Berkeley Function Calling Leaderboard (BFCL) v1 & v2:

Overall & Hallucination Scores

Model	Non-live	Live	Halluc.
	Overall	Overall	Rel.	Irrel.
Gemma-3 1B	20.21%	11.84%	33.18%	37.50%
ToolGrad 1B	34.40% ↑	13.77% ↑	81.25%	26.89%

Detailed Category Scores

Model	Non-live				Live
	Simple	Multi	Par	MultiPar	Simple	Multi	Par	MultiPar
Gemma-3 1B	43.33%	36.00%	0.00%	1.50%	36.43%	6.27%	0.00%	0.00%
ToolGrad 1B	49.08% ↑	33.50% ↓	34.00% ↑	21.00% ↑	30.62% ↓	9.97% ↑	6.25% ↑	4.17% ↑

How to Get Started

You can load this model using the transformers library:

import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoProcessor

model_id = "zhongyi-zhou/toolgrad-1b"

processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    model_id,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    device_map="auto"
)

Citation

If you find this work helpful, please cite our paper:

@misc{zhou2026toolgradefficienttoolusedataset,
      title={ToolGrad: Efficient Tool-use Dataset Generation with Textual "Gradients"}, 
      author={Zhongyi Zhou and Kohei Uehara and Haoyu Zhang and Jingtao Zhou and Lin Gu and Ruofei Du and Zheng Xu and Tatsuya Harada},
      year={2026},
      eprint={2508.04086},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04086}, 
}