AutoResearch-tinystories-depth12
AutoResearch-tinystories-depth12 is a 185.6M parameter decoder-only Transformer trained from scratch on TinyStories (karpathy/tinystories-gpt4-clean).
This model is part of the AutoResearch project, which focuses on training, evaluating, and releasing efficient language models with reproducible research workflows.
Overview
This is a 12-layer decoder-only Transformer trained on the TinyStories (karpathy/tinystories-gpt4-clean) dataset for 0.1 hours of wall-clock training time. The model achieves a validation bits-per-byte (val_bpb) of 1.212541 (perplexity: 2.3175) on the held-out validation set.
References
Papers
- NanoGPT / NanoChat architecture patterns
Datasets
Related Projects
WANDB Run
Highlights
- Trained from scratch
- 185.6M parameters
- Trained on 11.0M tokens (21 steps)
- 12-layer decoder-only Transformer with sliding window attention
- RoPE positional encoding, RMSNorm, ReLU² activation
- MuonAdamW optimizer (Muon for matrices, AdamW for embeddings)
- Hugging Face Transformers compatible
Model Architecture
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Architecture | Decoder-only Transformer |
| Parameters | 185,599,128 (185.6M) |
| Layers | 12 |
| Hidden Size | 768 |
| Attention Heads | 6 |
| KV Heads | 6 |
| Head Dimension | 128 |
| Feed Forward Size | 3072 |
| Context Length | 2048 |
| Vocabulary Size | 16,384 |
| Positional Encoding | RoPE |
| Activation | ReLU² |
| Normalization | RMSNorm |
| Window Pattern | SSSL |
| Weight Tying | No |
Training
This model was trained from scratch for 0.1 hours (329s) of wall-clock training time.
Training Configuration
| Setting | Value |
|---|---|
| Optimizer | MuonAdamW (Muon + AdamW) |
| Precision | torch.bfloat16 |
| Learning Rate | 0.04 (matrix) / 0.6 (embedding) |
| Weight Decay | 0.2 |
| Batch Size | 4 × 2048 = 8,192 tokens/step |
| Gradient Accumulation | 64 steps |
| Total Batch Size | 524,288 tokens |
| Context Length | 2048 |
| Vocabulary | 16,384 tokens (BPE) |
| LR Scheduler | Linear warmdown (50%) |
| Activation Checkpointing | Enabled |
Hardware
- GPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
- VRAM: 16.0 GB
- Peak VRAM Used: 4.3 GB
- MFU: 14.41%
- Framework: PyTorch 2.9.1+cu128
Dataset
- Name: TinyStories (karpathy/tinystories-gpt4-clean)
- Language: English
Preprocessing
Data is packed into fixed-length sequences of 2048 tokens using the nanochat-compatible BPE tokenizer (16,384 vocabulary, 9 special tokens). No additional filtering or deduplication is applied beyond what is in the source dataset.
Intended Use
This model is intended for:
- Educational purposes and research
- Text generation experiments
- Studying small language model training dynamics
Not recommended for:
- Production use or safety-critical applications
- Tasks requiring factual accuracy
Evaluation
Results
| Metric | Score |
|---|---|
| Validation BPB | 1.212541 |
| Perplexity | 2.3175 |
| Peak VRAM | 4.3 GB |
| MFU | 14.41% |
Example Generations
Example 1
Prompt
Once upon a time,
Generation
Once upon a time, 3 year old.<|bos|>Once upon a time, there was a little boy named Tim loved to fly. She wanted to be friends. The bird flew around the grass. She played together.
Suddenly, he knew he saw a small town, while they
Example 2
Prompt
A lonely dragon
Generation
A lonely dragon 2: "Okay, you are not a cookie. We can have my book? I have done, "Let's go!" Mom said, Tom. I have a kind!" They are OK, let's okay?" The tree! I don't
Example 3
Prompt
The opposite of boy is
Generation
The opposite of boy is 3-year-old. He said, "Don't find your name!" The cat was so she was so surprised. She knew she decided to sleep. She was so happy! It made sure you a small house. They went to play with her mom
Example 4
Prompt
The opposite of queen is
Generation
The opposite of queen is 2, so much fun day, Sam said, "Yes, I will make me!" Lily and play." He does not know what you are not like that the owl was a big, but she said, so happy.
One day, Fluffy.
Example 5
Prompt
My name is
Generation
My name is 10!" he is that is coming."
Ben stops, something has some ice cream. I'm sorry. They want to play. She makes it is lost. She is very happy and trees. They are sorry, a surprise for Rex. They see
Usage
import torch
import pickle
import json
from train import GPT, GPTConfig, Tokenizer
# Load config
with open('config.json', 'r') as f:
config_dict = json.load(f)
config = GPTConfig(**{k: v for k, v in config_dict.items() if k in GPTConfig.__dataclass_fields__})
# Load model
model = GPT(config)
state_dict = torch.load('model.pt', map_location='cpu')['state_dict']
model.load_state_dict(state_dict)
model.eval()
# Load tokenizer
with open('tokenizer.pkl', 'rb') as f:
tokenizer = pickle.load(f)
# Generate
prompt = 'Once upon a time, '
input_ids = tokenizer.encode(prompt)
x = torch.tensor([input_ids], dtype=torch.long)
with torch.no_grad():
for _ in range(50):
logits = model(x)
probs = torch.softmax(logits[:, -1, :] / 0.8, dim=-1)
next_token = torch.multinomial(probs, num_samples=1)
input_ids.append(next_token.item())
x = torch.tensor([input_ids], dtype=torch.long)
print(tokenizer.decode(input_ids))
Repository Structure
model.pt # Model weights
config.json # Model architecture config
dataset.txt # Dataset name used for training
token_bytes.pt # Token byte mappings
tokenizer.pkl # Trained BPE tokenizer
tokenizer_config.json # Tokenizer configuration
training_metrics.json # Training metrics
README.md # This file
Limitations
- Small model size limits language understanding and coherence
- Trained on a single dataset (TinyStories) — limited domain
- Fixed time budget training — not fully trained to convergence
- No RLHF or safety alignment
Ethical Considerations
- This is a research artifact, not a production model
- The training data consists of synthetic stories (GPT-4 generated)
- No harmful content filtering was applied
- Intended for research and educational use only
Citation
@misc{autoresearch_tinystories_depth12,
title={AutoResearch-tinystories-depth12},
author={Dustin Loring},
year={2026},
howpublished={\url{https://huggingface.co/quik-models/winter-durian-59}}
}}
Version History
| Version | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| v1.0 | 2026-07-28 | Initial release |
Acknowledgements
Built with the AutoResearch training framework.
Thanks to:
- Hugging Face
- PyTorch
- The creators of the TinyStories dataset
- The open-source AI research community
License
This model is released under the MIT License unless otherwise specified.
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