AutoResearch-tinystories-depth10

AutoResearch-tinystories-depth10 is a 122.6M parameter decoder-only Transformer trained from scratch on TinyStories (karpathy/tinystories-gpt4-clean).

This model is part of the AutoResearch project, which focuses on training, evaluating, and releasing efficient language models with reproducible research workflows.

Overview

This is a 10-layer decoder-only Transformer trained on the TinyStories (karpathy/tinystories-gpt4-clean) dataset for 1.0 hours of wall-clock training time. The model achieves a validation bits-per-byte (val_bpb) of 0.462273 (perplexity: 1.3777) on the held-out validation set.

References

Papers

NanoGPT / NanoChat architecture patterns

Datasets

Training: TinyStories (karpathy/tinystories-gpt4-clean)
Tokenizer: multivision

Related Projects

karpathy/autoresearch

WANDB Run

https://wandb.ai/dustinsdelivery-delivery-ai/autoresearch/runs/8glhkqon

Highlights

Trained from scratch
122.6M parameters
Trained on 88.1M tokens (168 steps)
10-layer decoder-only Transformer with sliding window attention
RoPE positional encoding, RMSNorm, ReLU² activation
MuonAdamW optimizer (Muon for matrices, AdamW for embeddings)
Hugging Face Transformers compatible

Model Architecture

Property	Value
Architecture	Decoder-only Transformer
Parameters	122,553,140 (122.6M)
Layers	10
Hidden Size	640
Attention Heads	5
KV Heads	5
Head Dimension	128
Feed Forward Size	2560
Context Length	2048
Vocabulary Size	16,384
Positional Encoding	RoPE
Activation	ReLU²
Normalization	RMSNorm
Window Pattern	SSSL
Weight Tying	No

Training

This model was trained from scratch for 1.0 hours (3623s) of wall-clock training time.

Training Configuration

Setting	Value
Optimizer	MuonAdamW (Muon + AdamW)
Precision	torch.bfloat16
Learning Rate	0.04 (matrix) / 0.6 (embedding)
Weight Decay	0.2
Batch Size	4 × 2048 = 8,192 tokens/step
Gradient Accumulation	64 steps
Total Batch Size	524,288 tokens
Context Length	2048
Vocabulary	16,384 tokens (BPE)
LR Scheduler	Linear warmdown (50%)
Activation Checkpointing	Enabled

Hardware

GPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
VRAM: 16.0 GB
Peak VRAM Used: 3.9 GB
MFU: 11.90%
Framework: PyTorch 2.9.1+cu128

Dataset

Name: TinyStories (karpathy/tinystories-gpt4-clean)
Language: English

Preprocessing

Data is packed into fixed-length sequences of 2048 tokens using the nanochat-compatible BPE tokenizer (16,384 vocabulary, 9 special tokens). No additional filtering or deduplication is applied beyond what is in the source dataset.

Intended Use

This model is intended for:

Educational purposes and research
Text generation experiments
Studying small language model training dynamics

Not recommended for:

Production use or safety-critical applications
Tasks requiring factual accuracy

Evaluation

Results

Metric	Score
Validation BPB	0.462273
Perplexity	1.3777
Peak VRAM	3.9 GB
MFU	11.90%

Example Generations

Example 1

Prompt

Once upon a time,

Generation

Once upon a time, there was a big, red ball. The ball had a friend, a little boy named Tim. Tim liked to play with the ball every day.
One day, Tim and the ball went to the park. They played with the ball and had lots of fun. They laughed and played all day. The sun was shining, and they were very happy.
At the end of the day, Tim and the ball were tired. They sat under a big tree and talked. Tim said,

Example 2

Prompt

A lonely dragon

Generation

A lonely dragon. A brave brave brave brave brave and brave brave brave courage. brave brave and brave brave brave brave and brave brave brave brave brave and cou brave cou brave brave and brave cou brave cou cou cou brave courage and cou brave brave cou brave courage cou brave and cou brave brave courage cou cou brave cou cou courage cou cou

Example 3

Prompt

The opposite of boy is

Generation

The opposite of boy is a boy who has a boy who has a boy who is very boy. The boy has a boy who is very kind and he has a boy who is very kind. The boy has a boy who has a boy who is very kind and he is very brave. He says he is a boy who has a boy who is very kind and he is very kind. He says he is a boy who likes to play and he loves his boy very much.
The boy is very happy that he has

Example 4

Prompt

The opposite of queen is

Generation

The opposite of queen is a little girl who is very wealthy. She we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we we

Example 5

Prompt

My name is

Generation

My name is N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Example 6

Prompt

2 + 2 is

Generation

2 + 2 is

Usage

import torch
import pickle
import json
from train import GPT, GPTConfig, Tokenizer

# Load config
with open('config.json', 'r') as f:
    config_dict = json.load(f)
config = GPTConfig(**{k: v for k, v in config_dict.items() if k in GPTConfig.__dataclass_fields__})

# Load model
model = GPT(config)
state_dict = torch.load('model.pt', map_location='cpu')['state_dict']
model.load_state_dict(state_dict)
model.eval()

# Load tokenizer
with open('tokenizer.pkl', 'rb') as f:
    tokenizer = pickle.load(f)

# Generate
prompt = 'Once upon a time, '
input_ids = tokenizer.encode(prompt)
x = torch.tensor([input_ids], dtype=torch.long)
with torch.no_grad():
    for _ in range(50):
        logits = model(x)
        probs = torch.softmax(logits[:, -1, :] / 0.8, dim=-1)
        next_token = torch.multinomial(probs, num_samples=1)
        input_ids.append(next_token.item())
        x = torch.tensor([input_ids], dtype=torch.long)
print(tokenizer.decode(input_ids))

Repository Structure

model.pt                  # Model weights
config.json               # Model architecture config
dataset.txt               # Dataset name used for training
token_bytes.pt            # Token byte mappings
tokenizer.pkl             # Trained BPE tokenizer
tokenizer_config.json     # Tokenizer configuration
training_metrics.json     # Training metrics
README.md                 # This file

Limitations

Small model size limits language understanding and coherence
Trained on a single dataset (TinyStories) — limited domain
Fixed time budget training — not fully trained to convergence
No RLHF or safety alignment

Ethical Considerations

This is a research artifact, not a production model
The training data consists of synthetic stories (GPT-4 generated)
No harmful content filtering was applied
Intended for research and educational use only

Citation

@misc{autoresearch_tinystories_depth10,
  title={AutoResearch-tinystories-depth10},
  author={Dustin Loring},
  year={2026},
  howpublished={\url{https://huggingface.co/quik-models/sleek-sun-138}}
}}

Version History

Version	Date	Notes
v1.0	2026-08-01	Initial release

Acknowledgements

Built with the AutoResearch training framework.

Thanks to:

Hugging Face
PyTorch
The creators of the TinyStories dataset
The open-source AI research community

License

This model is released under the MIT License unless otherwise specified.

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