LiteGPT V2 Base

A 201M-parameter language model built from scratch, with every step on record.

LiteGPT V2 has its own architecture implementation, its own trained tokenizer and its own weights. It was pretrained in 37 hours on a single rented GPU, and every experiment behind it was registered before it ran. Results, charts and run records: github.com/kmkrofficial/LiteGPT.

Highlights

  • A big step up from LiteGPT V1: clearly better on five benchmarks and clearly worse on none, and about three times better on code text (bits per byte 1.612 โ†’ 0.515).
  • Strong code modelling for its size: the lowest code bits per byte of every model under 300M parameters we measured.
  • Light to run: 0.59 GiB of GPU memory at batch 8 with LiteGPT's engine, and 1.66 GiB of RAM on CPU.
  • Good at structured output once fine-tuned: 91.4% accuracy on Banking77 intents, and valid JSON on 99.99% of MASSIVE requests.
  • Loads in Transformers with no remote code.

V2 against V1 on every benchmark

Results

Benchmark V2 V1
Zero-shot mean, 10 tasks 0.383 0.371
ARC-Easy 0.588 0.529
HellaSwag 0.369 0.326
PIQA 0.663 0.630
TriviaQA 0.054 0.029
Code, bits per byte (lower is better) 0.515 1.612
Math, bits per byte (lower is better) 0.928 1.374

After fine-tuning on each task:

Task Score
Banking77, intent accuracy 0.914
MASSIVE, slot F1 0.775
CUAD, contract field F1 0.711

Every benchmark, including comparisons with 16 other models: results.

How it compares

LiteGPT V2 doesn't reach the top score in these comparisons. What it brings is a model built entirely from scratch, light enough for a laptop, and open down to every run record.

Text-to-data, after fine-tuning each model the same way (mean of 3 seeds, higher is better):

Model Parameters Score Banking77 MASSIVE CUAD Peak RAM on CPU
Qwen3-0.6B 596M 0.851 0.931 0.812 0.809 4.27 GiB
Gemma 3 270M 268M 0.822 0.919 0.778 0.768 2.62 GiB
SmolLM2-135M 135M 0.817 0.920 0.787 0.745 1.61 GiB
LiteGPT V2 201M 0.800 0.914 0.775 0.711 1.66 GiB

As a base model (higher is better, except bits per byte and memory):

Model Zero-shot mean, 10 tasks Code bits per byte GPU memory, batch 8
Qwen3-0.6B-Base 0.489 0.372 2.72 GiB
SmolLM2-135M 0.403 0.559 0.73 GiB
Gemma 3 270M 0.393 0.617 2.59 GiB
LiteGPT V2 0.383 0.515 0.59 GiB
LiteGPT V1 0.371 1.612 0.78 GiB

V2's memory figures use its own engine and the others use Transformers.

Model

Item Value
Parameters 201,373,952
Shape 28 layers, 768 wide, 12 heads, 4 KV heads
Parts RoPE, RMSNorm, QK-norm, SwiGLU, grouped-query attention
Context 4,096 tokens
Tokenizer 32,768-token byte-level BPE, trained on our data with Hugging Face tokenizers

Use

With Transformers:

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

name = "kmkrworks/LiteGPT-V2-Base"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(name)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(name)
inputs = tokenizer("The capital of France is", return_tensors="pt")
print(tokenizer.decode(model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=32)[0], skip_special_tokens=True))

With LiteGPT's own engine, from a clone of the repository:

uv sync --locked
uv run litegpt generate --model LiteGPT-V2-Base "The capital of France is"

Benchmarks were scored through LiteGPT's engine.

Intended use: research, learning, and fine-tuning for your own tasks. It is a base model with no safety tuning, so add your own safeguards before putting it in front of people.

Training data

Pretrained on a mix chosen in registered experiments. Mixture and exact revisions: data_sources.yaml. Attributions: the NOTICE file.

Source Licence Main phase Decay phase
FineWeb-Edu ODC-By 1.0, Common Crawl terms 72% 50%
Cosmopedia v2 (generated by Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct) ODC-By 1.0 13% 20%
FineMath ODC-By 1.0, Common Crawl terms 7.5% 13%
Code: Python, JS, TS, SQL, Shell from github-code-clean Permissive repository labels 7.5% 12%
SmolTalk summarize, rewrite, constraints (generated by Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct) Apache-2.0 per card, Qwen licence on the generator 0% 5%

Contains information from FineWeb-Edu, Cosmopedia v2 and FineMath, which are made available under the ODC Attribution License.

Licence

Apache-2.0 for the weights, MIT for the code, with the NOTICE file.

Built with Qwen.

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