zaid556/zaid-financial-ratios

Zaid Financial Ratios Dataset

This dataset contains financial statement PDFs, extracted financial statement JSONs, and ground-truth financial ratios for public companies, built for the Financial Ratios Dataset Creation assignment.

This is a team project split across 4 members; this repository covers Zaid's assigned slice: 12 UK companies. The remaining 13 UK companies and all 25 US companies are being assembled by other team members and merged separately.

Coverage

• US companies completed: 0 / 25 (out of scope for this contributor's assignment)
• UK companies completed: 12 / 25
• Status: In progress (team merge pending)

Company	Ticker	Country	Sector	PDF	Balance Sheet	Income Statement	Cash Flow	Ratios
Rolls-Royce Holdings plc	RR.L	UK	Aerospace & Defense	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
BAE Systems plc	BA.L	UK	Aerospace & Defense	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Tesco PLC	TSCO.L	UK	Food Retail	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
J Sainsbury plc	SBRY.L	UK	Food Retail	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Reckitt Benckiser Group plc	RKT.L	UK	Consumer Goods	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
National Grid plc	NG.L	UK	Regulated Utility	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Prudential plc	PRU.L	UK	Life Insurance	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Standard Chartered PLC	STAN.L	UK	Banking	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Legal & General Group Plc	LGEN.L	UK	Insurance / Asset Mgmt	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Rentokil Initial plc	RTO.L	UK	Business Services	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Compass Group PLC	CPG.L	UK	Food Services	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Aviva plc	AV.L	UK	Composite Insurance	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅

Folder Structure

zaid-financial-ratios/
├── UK_Financial_Statements_PDFs/
│   └── <Company>/<TICKER>_annual_report_2025.pdf
├── UK_Financial_Statements_JSONs/
│   └── <Company>/<TICKER>_balance_sheet.json
│       <Company>/<TICKER>_income_statement.json
│       <Company>/<TICKER>_cash_flow_statement.json
├── ground_truth_jsons/
│   └── UK/<TICKER>_ratios.json
├── UK_Financial_Ratios_Extraction_Spec.md   (detailed extraction methodology & company-by-company notes)
└── README.md

Sources Used

• Company annual report (original PDF, downloaded from each company's investor relations page) — primary source for all extracted statement figures
• StockAnalysis.com — cross-verification of calculated ratios, and source for market-price-based ratios (P/E, P/B, P/S, Dividend Yield) that cannot be derived from financial statements alone
• Yahoo Finance / Macrotrends — used for a third-source spot-check on the largest flagged discrepancies (see Known Issues below)

Methodology

1. Financial statement figures (Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Cash Flow Statement) are extracted directly from each company's official annual report, not from third-party websites.
2. Every extracted statement was validated by recomputing all printed subtotals from their components and confirming an exact match against the PDF.
3. Ratios (~18-24 per company) are calculated independently from the extracted statement figures using standard financial formulas.
4. Ratios combining an income-statement (flow) figure with a balance-sheet (stock) figure — ROA, ROE, ROCE, Asset Turnover, Inventory Turnover, Receivables Turnover — use the average of the current and prior year-end balance-sheet figures as the denominator, not the ending balance alone, since Net Income/Revenue accrue across the whole year while a balance sheet figure is a single point-in-time snapshot. Liquidity and leverage ratios (Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Debt to Equity, Debt Ratio) use ending-period balances, as is standard. Where only two fiscal years were extracted per company, the average-balance basis could only be applied to the most recent year (the earlier year is left on an ending-balance basis with a note); Rentokil Initial and National Grid had a third year of balance sheet data available, extending this to both years shown.
5. Each calculated ratio is cross-checked against StockAnalysis.com. If the values match or are very close, they're recorded together with a note confirming the match. If there's a meaningful mismatch, the calculated (statement-derived) value is kept as the primary ground-truth figure, with a notes field explaining the likely cause.
6. Market-price-based ratios (P/E, P/B, P/S, Dividend Yield) are taken directly from StockAnalysis.com, since they depend on share price rather than statement data alone.
7. Where a company's sector makes a standard ratio meaningless (e.g. Current Ratio for an insurer with no current/non-current split), that ratio is omitted in favor of a sector-appropriate substitute rather than force-fit.

Known Issues or Mismatches

• Ending-vs-average-balance audit (all companies): an earlier draft of this dataset computed ROA/ROE/ROCE/turnover ratios using ending-period balance-sheet figures only. A second-source cross-check against Yahoo Finance and StockAnalysis.com revealed this was a genuine formula bug for Return on Equity specifically: switching to average-balance denominators reproduced external sources exactly or near-exactly for Rolls-Royce, BAE Systems, Reckitt Benckiser, National Grid, and Rentokil Initial (both years, since 3 years of its balance sheet data were extracted), and materially narrowed the gap for Standard Chartered, Legal & General, Aviva, Compass Group, and Prudential. This has been fixed throughout. ROA, by contrast, mostly did not improve with averaging (the residual gaps there trace to differing earnings bases, e.g. adjusted vs statutory profit, or continuing-vs-total operations) — Prudential's ROA is the one case where the ending-balance figure was already the better match and was deliberately left unchanged. Tesco's Asset Turnover and ROCE, and Rentokil's ROCE and Inventory Turnover, were also tested and confirmed to have a different root cause (a one-off disposal-group distortion for Tesco; a differing capital-employed/operating-income definition for Rentokil) rather than this bug. Full per-ratio reasoning is in each <TICKER>_ratios.json file's notes field.
• Reckitt Benckiser (RKT.L) — Gross Margin, EBITDA Margin, ROA, ROIC: StockAnalysis.com's displayed FY2025 figures are implausible (100%+ margins, ROA 47%, ROIC 82%) — the source's own page flags these as anomalous. FY2024 data from the same source matched our calculations exactly, so the FY2025 figures were disregarded and our independently calculated values used instead.
• Compass Group (CPG.L) — Gross Margin: StockAnalysis.com shows a 100% gross margin (Gross Profit set equal to Revenue), which is a data artifact — Compass's income statement doesn't separately disclose Cost of Sales, so this ratio is marked "Not applicable" rather than reproducing the artifact.
• Tesco (TSCO.L) — Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Debt to Equity: StockAnalysis.com displays these as negative values, which isn't mathematically possible with positive assets/liabilities. Our positive calculated values (which match the source's magnitude closely) were used, with the sign anomaly noted.
• Legal & General (LGEN.L) — Debt to Equity, Return on Equity: L&G's total equity is very small relative to its £582bn balance sheet (most liabilities are pass-through policyholder obligations), making these ratios highly sensitive to the exact equity/debt definitions used. Our figures diverge from StockAnalysis.com's; both are documented rather than reconciled.
• Rentokil (RTO.L) / BAE Systems (BA.L) — Gross Margin: Neither company's income statement separately discloses Cost of Sales/Gross Profit on its face, so Gross Margin is sourced directly from StockAnalysis.com instead of calculated.
• Sainsbury's (SBRY.L) / Compass Group (CPG.L) — EBITDA Margin: Both companies present a condensed cash flow statement without D&A disclosed on its face, so EBITDA is sourced from StockAnalysis.com rather than independently calculated.
• Aviva / Legal & General / Prudential (insurers) — Net Profit Margin, Revenue Growth: StockAnalysis.com uses a broader "Total Revenue" base (Insurance Revenue + Investment Return) that doesn't map to a single line on the primary statements; our ratios use Insurance Revenue alone, so the two are not directly comparable. Net Income itself matches exactly in all cases.

Limitations

• This dataset is a partial team contribution — 12 of the 25 UK companies required by the full assignment. The remaining 13 UK companies and 25 US companies are being produced by other team members and merged separately.
• 4 of the 12 companies report in USD, not GBP: Prudential, Standard Chartered, Rentokil Initial, and Compass Group. Each ratio JSON's currency field reflects this individually.
• Fiscal year-ends vary by company: Tesco (late Feb), Sainsbury's (early Mar), Compass Group (30 Sep), and National Grid (31 Mar) do not have calendar-year-end fiscal years — date keys in each statement JSON reflect each company's actual fiscal year-end date.
• "Total Debt" is not comparable across companies — the definition varies by what each company discloses (some bundle in lease liabilities, insurers/the bank use a narrower core-borrowings definition excluding policyholder liabilities or customer deposits).
• 4 companies (Prudential, Standard Chartered, Legal & General, Aviva) are financial institutions with fundamentally different balance sheet structures; standard industrial ratios (Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Inventory Turnover) were replaced with sector-appropriate substitutes (Insurance Service Margin, Investment Return Yield, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Net Interest Margin, Cost to Income Ratio, Credit Impairment Ratio).
• Growth ratios for the earlier comparative year (e.g. FY2024 revenue/net-income growth, which needs FY2023 figures) were taken directly from StockAnalysis.com rather than calculated, since only two fiscal years were extracted per company from each annual report (three years for National Grid and Rentokil Initial, where the source PDF itself printed three years).
• Full company-by-company extraction notes (PDF page references, sign conventions, cash-reconciliation gaps) are in UK_Financial_Ratios_Extraction_Spec.md.

Date of Collection

July 2026 (StockAnalysis.com data current as of early July 2026).