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train_pairs-000001
images/fb02a8b7ac7339013370b5a30ff6b1eee72f709ac0e3e3b0904fc7fc0a8e0785.jpg
1,288
728
fb02a8b7ac7339013370b5a30ff6b1eee72f709ac0e3e3b0904fc7fc0a8e0785
Enable description display
[199,485]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 98334 }
[ 250, 347, 262, 359 ]
[ 271, 347, 329, 361 ]
[ [ 653, 9, 715, 23 ], [ 721, 9, 763, 21 ], [ 17, 29, 45, 41 ], [ 61, 31, 97, 45 ], [ 115, 31, 175, 43 ], [ 193, 31, 247, 45 ], [ 265, 31, 305, 45 ], [ 323, 31, 355, ...
train_pairs-000002
images/9d44c847d1c649004980a842af69207da522bbf4b28458f2e8f8b8f625bbb61d.png
420
252
9d44c847d1c649004980a842af69207da522bbf4b28458f2e8f8b8f625bbb61d
Using the image of this webpage, can you determine the coordinates of the element I describe (with point)? This element provides a way to navigate to the main homepage of the website, allowing users to access the website's main content and features.
[881,36]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 35364 }
[ 352, 0, 388, 18 ]
[ 313.2265625, 0, 351.3150329589844, 16.53608512878418 ]
[ [ 334, 50, 384, 58 ], [ 26.55591583251953, 0.20206600427627563, 43.467472076416016, 15.809082984924316 ], [ 67.89698028564453, 0.7049435377120972, 79.58617401123047, 15.310229301452637 ], [ 55.66249465942383, 1.095736026763916, 67.1207962036132...
train_pairs-000003
images/178dd89d8410e4c5aea8e1e7deba19718dbf25572ebd1d919cf9de2e9c7020b0.jpg
616
476
178dd89d8410e4c5aea8e1e7deba19718dbf25572ebd1d919cf9de2e9c7020b0
Select to view the timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic
[442,819]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 35585 }
[ 256, 385, 289, 395 ]
[ 261, 367, 357, 383 ]
[ [ 69, 9, 135, 25 ], [ 181, 11, 259, 25 ], [ 31, 65, 169, 79 ], [ 141, 95, 185, 109 ], [ 203, 95, 317, 109 ], [ 335, 97, 379, 109 ], [ 403, 97, 443, 111 ], [ 451, 97, ...
train_pairs-000004
images/decb38e3e91b4d668d300d06e63f0a1a4a94bb193c0fb3ed2f42632415e72c37.jpg
1,568
896
decb38e3e91b4d668d300d06e63f0a1a4a94bb193c0fb3ed2f42632415e72c37
Toggle bold weight on selected text
[637,130]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 28530 }
[ 986, 104, 1011, 129 ]
[ 940, 840, 1246, 866 ]
[ [ 31, 7, 266, 32 ], [ 283, 9, 456, 29 ], [ 471, 9, 606, 33 ], [ 612, 8, 724, 32 ], [ 21, 47, 47, 63 ], [ 58, 42, 92, 66 ], [ 103, 45, 141, 63 ], [ 153, 47, 197, ...
train_pairs-000005
images/bfb40ea3ec3ea786648272220a91ea75106cb8aeb25209d9e0fcabe0d38fedad.jpg
1,288
728
bfb40ea3ec3ea786648272220a91ea75106cb8aeb25209d9e0fcabe0d38fedad
Access window options
[218,50]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 100959 }
[ 258, 29, 303, 44 ]
[ 102.16974639892578, 22.21894073486328, 133.41708374023438, 49.585506439208984 ]
[ [ 99, 5, 167, 17 ], [ 173, 3, 215, 19 ], [ 221, 3, 285, 19 ], [ 349, 3, 389, 19 ], [ 31, 13, 73, 25 ], [ 77, 31, 99, 47 ], [ 107, 31, 131, 47 ], [ 137, 31, 169, ...
train_pairs-000006
images/10946db27cc7b571e1db3031ed85a726d77eabf7456550666a5eb385fdd1b9f4.png
224
364
10946db27cc7b571e1db3031ed85a726d77eabf7456550666a5eb385fdd1b9f4
In the provided web page image, I'll describe a specific element. Identify their locations, please (with point). This element serves as a navigational link, facilitating user navigation back to the home page of the blog.
[174,253]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 4015 }
[ 15, 84, 63, 100 ]
[ 1.3195924758911133, 42.447998046875, 222.98265075683594, 77.88164520263672 ]
[ [ 59, 55, 167, 71 ], [ 0.12778997421264648, 23.888046264648438, 80.43889617919922, 43.309967041015625 ], [ 3.9994394779205322, 180.299072265625, 103.7370376586914, 197.39353942871094 ], [ 4.512446880340576, 164.39569091796875, 69.15963745117188...
train_pairs-000007
images/4715f1193cc3199c7e8fc08dfd6a0d2fdf58540d9755d92a9614ec92ceea1b5f.png
616
364
4715f1193cc3199c7e8fc08dfd6a0d2fdf58540d9755d92a9614ec92ceea1b5f
Using the image of this webpage, can you determine the coordinates of the element I describe (with point)? This element provides access to documentation on managing organizations within a Gandi account.
[118,279]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 15992 }
[ 0, 91, 145, 112 ]
[ 199.93338012695312, 248.8619384765625, 334.34381103515625, 260.13018798828125 ]
[ [ 20, 3, 67, 21 ], [ 8, 34, 48, 40 ], [ 7, 55, 99, 67 ], [ 7, 74, 106, 88 ], [ 182, 68, 297, 86 ], [ 7, 95, 93, 107 ], [ 184, 108, 224, 116 ], [ 300, 108, 398, ...
train_pairs-000008
images/c0314968fcffc4cbf4fa5d837615e7aa1b3e4d2ab6e0b18c89402b4e17474cc0.jpg
1,288
728
c0314968fcffc4cbf4fa5d837615e7aa1b3e4d2ab6e0b18c89402b4e17474cc0
Click on "Enhance video"
[774,73]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 81168 }
[ 977, 40, 1017, 66 ]
[ 941.5540771484375, 38.0227165222168, 968.8807373046875, 66.75147247314453 ]
[ [ 15, 7, 97, 27 ], [ 158, 4, 224, 28 ], [ 726, 4, 766, 28 ], [ 826, 4, 932, 30 ], [ 323, 185, 393, 205 ], [ 429, 185, 507, 205 ], [ 542, 182, 660, 206 ], [ 293, 251, ...
train_pairs-000009
images/d1edfd3e164353484b53c03a3f2b2b7120a6e2e809e8ac3356bae2199d19e83c.png
1,372
756
d1edfd3e164353484b53c03a3f2b2b7120a6e2e809e8ac3356bae2199d19e83c
To the left of the "path", which ui element is positioned closest horizontally?
[132,46]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 6656 }
[ 159, 25, 204, 44 ]
[ 0, 0.6724094152450562, 20.595796585083008, 22.154150009155273 ]
[ [ 23, 4, 181, 22 ], [ 7, 29, 29, 43 ], [ 41, 29, 67, 43 ], [ 77, 29, 107, 43 ], [ 117, 29, 153, 43 ], [ 163, 29, 203, 43 ], [ 213, 29, 241, 43 ], [ 253, 29, 279, ...
train_pairs-000010
images/16f446402fedabbb6e55a8f097e2e7ca3c31e709aa8e04463b2b66187e704f96.png
448
252
16f446402fedabbb6e55a8f097e2e7ca3c31e709aa8e04463b2b66187e704f96
Given a screenshot, I will describe a specific element; your task is to predict their locations (with point). This element launches the Gmail application, displaying a welcome tour highlighting its updated features.
[117,964]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 21524 }
[ 37, 234, 68, 252 ]
[ 21.496580123901367, 114.99842071533203, 83.92984008789062, 227.8828125 ]
[ [ 347.57769775390625, 15.465904235839844, 394.22027587890625, 42.268394470214844 ], [ 125.2734375, 115.45138549804688, 180.22811889648438, 176.30758666992188 ], [ 54.167152404785156, 15.446685791015625, 80.35980987548828, 42.634666442871094 ], [ 232.06...
train_pairs-000011
images/636417cc0ee928f5b8166b30791890c1bf24bb7bcc8bfc308e7b0697393f4d74.png
224
364
636417cc0ee928f5b8166b30791890c1bf24bb7bcc8bfc308e7b0697393f4d74
I'll provide textual descriptions of the element in this webpage screenshot. Can you find their coordinates (with point)? This element acts as a gateway to the Yahoo platform, directing users to the respective service upon interaction.
[493,54]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 46769 }
[ 80, 7, 141, 32 ]
[ 101, 329, 143, 343 ]
[ [ 87, 13, 137, 29 ], [ 43, 75, 183, 91 ], [ 97, 193, 129, 205 ], [ 63, 269, 103, 283 ], [ 115, 271, 163, 283 ], [ 73, 305, 131, 317 ], [ 101, 329, 143, 343 ], [ 78.08595119...
train_pairs-000012
images/4e755e423eda5114c6350a582382241b7c7fda9234a538285edcef82e8b3a3ce.jpg
1,932
1,092
4e755e423eda5114c6350a582382241b7c7fda9234a538285edcef82e8b3a3ce
Minimize objects view
[918,272]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 99697 }
[ 1630, 288, 1917, 305 ]
[ 289.4381408691406, 532.9890747070312, 315.1025085449219, 559.883544921875 ]
[ [ 23, 5, 105, 21 ], [ 113, 5, 231, 19 ], [ 17, 31, 41, 45 ], [ 65, 31, 93, 45 ], [ 113, 31, 147, 45 ], [ 161, 31, 217, 45 ], [ 233, 31, 267, 45 ], [ 283, 31, 359, ...
train_pairs-000013
images/eb1fea5520e40090df898343ce6ce4f8b6f0c495a1630a616acbadf92e359eeb.jpg
2,268
1,288
eb1fea5520e40090df898343ce6ce4f8b6f0c495a1630a616acbadf92e359eeb
Open the Rendering menu for output settings
[396,13]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 2493 }
[ 857, 2, 938, 32 ]
[ 119, 9, 165, 25 ]
[ [ 39, 7, 67, 25 ], [ 79, 7, 107, 25 ], [ 119, 9, 165, 25 ], [ 177, 9, 231, 25 ], [ 243, 9, 275, 25 ], [ 309, 13, 355, 27 ], [ 373, 13, 433, 29 ], [ 448, 10, 509, ...
train_pairs-000014
images/c189303ae08ae3df142440015f634a1248670dc26fba12bddf189866a463c956.jpg
1,288
728
c189303ae08ae3df142440015f634a1248670dc26fba12bddf189866a463c956
Click on "Utah sues federal government - Search - Sleeping"
[166,24]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 82274 }
[ 195, 0, 233, 35 ]
[ 488.2406005859375, 5.650662899017334, 504.1792297363281, 29.743911743164062 ]
[ [ 704, 92, 734, 124 ], [ 782, 94, 808, 120 ], [ 918, 89, 1068, 116 ], [ 0, 157, 121, 173 ], [ 148, 155, 209, 175 ], [ 237, 157, 289, 173 ], [ 295, 157, 345, 173 ], [ 495, ...
train_pairs-000015
images/ec1488a8740041245a8e39cf80612e51dd0ec14db1c3101449be1186b30065f2.png
1,932
1,092
ec1488a8740041245a8e39cf80612e51dd0ec14db1c3101449be1186b30065f2
Vertically below the "latest nba score today", which ui element is positioned closest?
[277,331]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 23632 }
[ 419, 346, 653, 377 ]
[ 586.2135009765625, 232.49888610839844, 1535.90087890625, 488.1911926269531 ]
[ [ 47, 41, 109, 59 ], [ 120, 86, 190, 112 ], [ 460, 96, 600, 120 ], [ 606, 94, 772, 118 ], [ 619, 137, 679, 153 ], [ 707, 135, 753, 153 ], [ 781, 133, 837, 153 ], [ 461, ...
train_pairs-000016
images/8d4b865b4137860edd16786eca38ad0d28fe19d6cc2c42730859b8400bda2019.png
2,548
1,540
8d4b865b4137860edd16786eca38ad0d28fe19d6cc2c42730859b8400bda2019
Insert the current time into the document
[616,139]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 11144 }
[ 1553, 200, 1588, 228 ]
[ 2127, 133, 2302, 160 ]
[ [ 90, 18, 166, 46 ], [ 194, 18, 238, 44 ], [ 268, 18, 316, 44 ], [ 344, 18, 400, 44 ], [ 432, 20, 468, 44 ], [ 498, 18, 606, 44 ], [ 636, 20, 694, 44 ], [ 724, 20, ...
train_pairs-000017
images/cb2c47a6f50202e1afff12e94965f1e16a9619ac77a9fa10c5d4b1cbf7873d5b.jpg
980
560
cb2c47a6f50202e1afff12e94965f1e16a9619ac77a9fa10c5d4b1cbf7873d5b
Select the area to navigate to the clojureD 2022 event page
[363,530]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 2689 }
[ 314, 287, 398, 307 ]
[ 313.1960144042969, 267.4885559082031, 457.0396423339844, 287.6794738769531 ]
[ [ 129, 15, 234, 60 ], [ 355, 31, 413, 45 ], [ 431, 31, 495, 45 ], [ 513, 31, 537, 45 ], [ 553, 31, 609, 45 ], [ 627, 31, 671, 45 ], [ 687, 31, 763, 45 ], [ 779, 31, ...
train_pairs-000018
images/d30e5714f4bfe9ec306e363b73c63b5481b3eeb8a9e769a56f0e76e7adf4cad9.jpg
2,660
1,484
d30e5714f4bfe9ec306e363b73c63b5481b3eeb8a9e769a56f0e76e7adf4cad9
Generate AI insights
[762,151]
{ "dataset": "mlfoundations/Click-100k", "split": "train", "index": 99549 }
[ 1935, 210, 2120, 237 ]
[ 1976, 165, 2178, 195 ]
[ [ 128, 6, 209, 31 ], [ 221, 7, 287, 34 ], [ 347, 8, 407, 33 ], [ 30, 48, 65, 69 ], [ 117, 48, 171, 69 ], [ 215, 48, 300, 69 ], [ 343, 48, 451, 69 ], [ 493, 48, 539,...
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ClickContrast

ClickContrast contains 4,292 target–distractor pairs and 4,292 coverage examples from Click-100k, with 6,690 distinct screenshots. It is the training dataset for SelectGround-8B.

File Rows Supervision
train_pairs 3,790 Target coordinate, target region, distractor region, candidate regions
train_replay 3,790 Target coordinate
refinement_pairs 502 Target coordinate, target region, distractor region, candidate regions
refinement_replay 502 Target coordinate

The initial training stage uses all four files, with a 1:1 pair-to-coverage sampling cycle. Refinement uses only the two refinement files, with two coverage microbatches per paired microbatch. The refinement rows are included in the 8,584-row total.

Main pairs retain targets supported by both MAI-UI-8B and UI-Venus-1.5-8B, together with an incorrect Qwen3-VL-8B prediction on another parsed element outside a centered 2x target neighborhood. Refinement pairs focus on teacher-checked small controls and icons, using wrong-element predictions from a fine-tuned mining model. Coverage examples span 86 Click100k source categories.

Format

Download the entire repository to retain the relative screenshot paths:

hf download ruotian/ClickContrast --repo-type dataset --revision paper --local-dir data/clickcontrast

Each row contains:

  • id: stable example identifier.
  • image: screenshot path relative to this repository.
  • image_width, image_height, image_sha256: original dimensions and file checksum.
  • instruction: original grounding instruction.
  • response: target center as [x,y], with integer coordinates normalized to 0–1000.
  • source: upstream dataset, split, and row index.

Paired rows additionally contain target_bbox, distractor_bbox, and candidate_bboxes, all in original-image pixels with [left,top,right,bottom] order. The JSONL order is part of the frozen training recipe. The manifest records file hashes and counts.

Training

Use the two-stage SFT-plus-selection-loss recipe in the SelectGround code repository. All examples contribute coordinate loss. Only paired examples contribute selection loss. No external parser or teacher is needed to train from this release.

Source terms

Screenshots are a subset of Click-100k and retain their upstream provenance. They are not relicensed as project code. Use is subject to the applicable terms of Click-100k and its constituent sources. The repository's code license does not replace those data terms.

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Models trained or fine-tuned on ruotian/ClickContrast