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Sexual Fluency: Embedded Imaginaries and Unjust Sex

Abstract: In this paper I argue that the pervasive reality of unjust heterosex necessitates greater attention to the concept of sexual fluency (Cahill 2014). This paper elaborates on what it means to be a sexually fluent and disfluent subject, and its broader ethical and political significance. As part of this discussion, I explore the relationship between sexual (dis)fluency and embedded imaginaries, and critically reflect on the promise and limitations of particular interventions to disrupt patterns of sexual disfluency among sexual actors.

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The downstream effects of COVID-19 on adolescent girls in the Peruvian Amazon: qualitative findings on how the pandemic affected education and reproductive health.

Abstract: Due to COVID-19, schools were closed to mitigate disease spread. Past studies have shown that disruptions in education have unintended consequences for adolescents, including increasing their risk of school dropout, exploitation, gender-based violence, pregnancy and early unions. In Peru, the government closed schools from March 2020 to March 2022, declaring a national emergency that affected an estimated 8 million children. These closures may have unintended consequences, including increased adolescent pregnancy, particularly in Peru's rural, largely indigenous regions. Loreto, located in the Peruvian Amazon, has one of the highest adolescent pregnancy rates in the country and poor maternal and child health outcomes. The underlying causes may not be fully understood as data are limited, especially as we transition out of the pandemic. This qualitative study investigated the downstream effects of COVID-19 on adolescent education and reproductive health in Loreto's districts of Nauta and Parinari. In-depth interviews (n=41) were conducted with adolescents and community leaders. These were held in June 2022, 3months after the reinstitution of in-person classes throughout Peru. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were also completed with community health workers and educators from the same study area in October 2022 to supplement our findings (3 FGDs, n=15). We observed that the economic, educational and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to reduced contraceptive use, and increased school abandonment, early unions and adolescent pregnancy. The interplay between adolescent pregnancy and both early unions and school abandonment was bidirectional, with each acting as both a cause and consequence of the other.

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Banal Socialism: The Role of Ideology in Late Soviet Era Urban Reconstruction-The Case of Vilnius

Abstract: The paper delves into the role of communist ideology in urban planning during the late Soviet era (1960s-1980s). It claims that the implementation of new urban plans, which aimed at the radical reconstruction of pre-war populated areas, was deeply rooted in socialist ideological stances. However, chronic housing shortages made the associated demolitions problematic and undesirable. By addressing this conflicting situation, the concept of banal socialism was introduced. The concept asserts that the decreasing prominence of overt ideology in the reconstruction of historic cities does not imply a weakening of its influence or the rationalization of the planning system. Instead, it suggests that Soviet ideology underwent a process of banalization, a transformation that involved the ideology adopting routinized, mundane, almost invisible form. By examining the case of Vilnius, the paper argues that this process not only significantly influenced late Soviet era urban planning but also played an important role in shaping a distinctive socialist landscape.

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Multi-failure theory of non-uniformly ring-stiffened composite shells under hydrostatic pressure

Abstract: This study proposes a multi-failure theory to predict the failure modes, including buckling and material failure, and bearing load capacity of carbon fibre-reinforced composite (CFRC) non-uniformly ring-stiffened cylindrical shells (NRCS) under hydrostatic pressure. In contrast to previous research, which focused on the buckling modes of RCS with uniformly distributed rings using the smeared method (for global buckling) or analysis based on periodic boundary conditions (for mono-cell skin buckling, tripping, and couple buckling), the discrete stiffener theory based on a general and accurate deformation assumption was employed for high prediction accuracy of the critical load. This theory is necessary and efficient in the design of an NRCS with sparse but strong ribs and is verified through the finite element method (FEM) and experimental results. Subsequently, failure load curves were drawn through parametric analysis to reveal the effect of design parameters, including skin volume fraction, the position of stiffeners, lay-up orientation on the failure mode, and critical bearing load. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) is adopted to train the theoretical data and search for the optimal design strategy. This work provides an efficient method to design a CFRC NRCS by combining theoretical analysis with a machine learning (ML) method.

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Promoting Teachers' Social and Emotional Competence in Light of the Close Connection between Professional Role and Personal Characteristics: Preliminary Evidence of the Efficacy of the ME4YOU Training Program.

Abstract: Within the field of research on the promotion of teachers' social and emotional competence, the present paper illustrates preliminary evidence of the efficacy of a new training program named ME4YOU aimed at supporting teachers' self-reflexive competences to deal with the emotional and relational dimensions of teaching, with constant and continuous attention towards underlining the close connection between the way teachers perform as professionals at work and the way they function as individuals in their personal life. A total of 109 teachers from kindergarten to primary school took part in the experimental group, while 67 teachers constituted the control group; the two groups were compared using a pre-test/post-test approach with regard to some self-reported variables related to professional and personal aspects. Teachers in the experimental group exhibited increased levels of professional self-efficacy and self-efficacy as emotional socializers toward students' emotions; moreover-although with a more limited impact-they reported benefits with regard to their personal life (i.e., reduced denial of own emotions and improved authenticity). The findings are discussed highlighting that health promotion among teachers is both of value in itself and an investment that can generate health in the whole school system.

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AI-based discovery of habitats from museum collections.

Abstract: Museum collection records are a source of historic data for species occurrence, but little attention is paid to the associated descriptions of habitat at the sample locations. We propose that artificial intelligence methods have potential to use these descriptions for reconstructing past habitat, to address ecological and evolutionary questions.

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Towards More Green Buildings in Tanzania: Knowledge of Stakeholders on Green Building Design Features, Triggers and Pathways for Uptake

Abstract: Green Building Practices (GBPs) are gaining prominence in many countries around the world. However, in many developing countries, Tanzania inclusive, little progress has been made in achieving its implementation. The current study sought to examine the factors attributable to low uptake, focusing on an appraisal of the stakeholders' knowledge of GB design features, triggers, and the pathways for uptake. The study was conducted in Dar es Salaam City in Tanzania, involving different stakeholders sampled from the construction industry, including architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and property managers. Valid data were collected through 412 questionnaires. The study revealed a general consensus among the respondents that GBs are environmentally friendly and cost effective. However, it appeared that the ranking score of GB design features according to the respondents did not correlate with their ranking in existing GB rating systems. It was concluded that there exist misconceptions among the constructions industry stakeholders regarding what green building practices entail and the essential requirements for their implementation. Therefore, the study recommends pragmatic educational trainings to stakeholders in the construction sector of Tanzania on GBPs. Mandatory legislation of green building codes and regulations is also suggested as a potential pathway for enhancing GB practices in Tanzania.

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Incidence and risk factors of post COVID-19 syndrome: a Tunisian cohort study.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: It has become increasingly clear that SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to persistent physical and mental health problems lasting weeks or months, requiring prolonged periods of clinical care and increasing the burden on the healthcare system. This phenomenon, known as post COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), is a relatively new condition, its incidence is still unclear and differs between studies.OBJECTIVES: In this cohort study, we aimed to estimate the incidence of PCS and to identify its risk factors in the Tunisian population.METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study that enrolled patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from the triage unit of the University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia. between April 2021 and June 2022. Patients were contacted by phone for a follow-up evaluation of PCS 12- weeks after the diagnosis date.RESULTS: A total of 1451 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period, responded to the follow-up evaluation after 3 months. The incidence of PCS was found to be 44.03% (95% CI [41.47; 46.58]), with fatigue being the most common symptom (21.5%), followed by cognitive impairment (10.3%), including memory loss and difficulty concentrating. Multivariate analysis revealed that the main associated factors to PCS were female gender (RR=1.54; CI95% [1.30 - 1.82]), pre-existing comorbidities (RR=1.30; CI95% [1.10 - 1.52]), duration of acute COVID-19 illness (days) (RR=1.02; CI95% [1.01 - 1.03]), hospitalization (RR=1.27; CI95% [1.05 - 1.53]), number of COVID-19 episodes (RR=1.46; CI 95% [1.28 - 1.67]) and patients having receive two or more doses of vaccine prior to COVID-19 infection (RR=0.82; CI95% [0.70 - 0.96]).CONCLUSION: Our study allowed to estimate the incidence and identify risk factors of PCS. Recognizing these factors could help to better understand the underlying mechanisms and guide interventions for prevention and management of this condition.

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Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates Undergoing the Norwood Operation: Retrospective Analysis of the Multicenter Neonatal and Pediatric Heart and Renal Outcomes Network Dataset, 2015-2018.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) is associated with adverse outcomes. Single-center studies suggest that the prevalence of CS-AKI is high after the Norwood procedure, or stage 1 palliation (S1P), but multicenter data are lacking.DESIGN: A secondary analysis of the Neonatal and Pediatric Heart and Renal Outcomes Network (NEPHRON) multicenter cohort who underwent S1P. Using neonatal modification of Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, perioperative associations between CS-AKI with morbidity and mortality were examined. Sensitivity analysis, with the exclusion of prophylactic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, was performed.SETTING: Twenty-two hospitals participating in the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium (PC 4 ) and contributing to NEPHRON.PATIENTS: Three hundred forty-seven neonates (< 30 d old) with S1P managed between September 2015 and January 2018.INTERVENTIONS: None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 347 patients, CS-AKI occurred in 231 (67%). The maximum stages were as follows: stage 1, in 141 of 347 (41%); stage 2, in 51 of 347 (15%); and stage 3, in 39 of 347 (11%). Severe CS-AKI (stages 2 and 3) peaked on the first postoperative day. In multivariable analysis, preoperative feeding was associated with lower odds of CS-AKI (odds ratio [OR] 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27-0.86), whereas prophylactic PD was associated with greater odds of severe CS-AKI (OR 3.67 [95% CI, 1.88-7.19]). We failed to identify an association between prophylactic PD and increased creatinine (OR 1.85 [95% CI, 0.82-4.14]) but cannot exclude the possibility of a four-fold increase in odds. Hospital mortality was 5.5% ( n = 19). After adjusting for risk covariates and center effect, severe CS-AKI was associated with greater odds of hospital mortality (OR 3.67 [95% CI, 1.11-12.16]). We failed to find associations between severe CS-AKI and respiratory support or length of stay. The sensitivity analysis using PD failed to show associations between severe CS-AKI and outcome.CONCLUSIONS: KDIGO-defined CS-AKI occurred frequently and early postoperatively in this 2015-2018 multicenter PC 4 /NEPHRON cohort of neonates after S1P. We failed to identify associations between resource utilization and CS-AKI, but there was an association between severe CS-AKI and greater odds of mortality in this high-risk cohort. Improving the precision for defining clinically relevant neonatal CS-AKI remains a priority.

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Revealing the iron skeleton of Notre-Dame de Paris. Methodologies and issues of archaeological and analytical investigations following the blaze

Abstract: The fire at Notre-Dame de Paris led to the discovery of several series of previously unknown iron armatures, which were systematically recorded. Amongst them, several iron staples from the top of the eaves walls, lead crest reinforcements and a sample of the tie rods used in the choir in the 19th century were analysed by metallography and tensile tests in order to determine their nature and mechanical characteristics. These results can be put into perspective with previous studies on such monuments. The chemical analysis with SEM-EDS of the slag inclusions contained in the matrix of these ferrous alloys makes it possible to determine the technical processes used for their production throughout the construction and restoration of the building, highlighting several differences depending on the typologies of the iron armatures. This information is complemented by a series of radiocarbon dates currently being carried out to better understand the periods of use of these ferrous reinforcements. When compared with those of other materials, these dates could be used to recalibrate the phasing of the building. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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Spatio-Temporal Image-Based Encoded Atlases for EEG Emotion Recognition

Abstract: Emotion recognition plays an essential role in human-human interaction since it is a key to understanding the emotional states and reactions of human beings when they are subject to events and engagements in everyday life. Moving towards human-computer interaction, the study of emotions becomes fundamental because it is at the basis of the design of advanced systems to support a broad spectrum of application areas, including forensic, rehabilitative, educational, and many others. An effective method for discriminating emotions is based on ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) data analysis, which is used as input for classification systems. Collecting brain signals on several channels and for a wide range of emotions produces cumbersome datasets that are hard to manage, transmit, and use in varied applications. In this context, the paper introduces the Empatheia system, which explores a different EEG representation by encoding EEG signals into images prior to their classification. In particular, the proposed system extracts spatio-temporal image encodings, or atlases, from EEG data through the Processing and transfeR of Interaction States and Mappings through Image-based eNcoding (PRISMIN) framework, thus obtaining a compact representation of the input signals. The atlases are then classified through the Empatheia architecture, which comprises branches based on convolutional, recurrent, and transformer models designed and tuned to capture the spatial and temporal aspects of emotions. Extensive experiments were conducted on the Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) Emotion EEG Dataset (SEED) public dataset, where the proposed system significantly reduced its size while retaining high performance. The results obtained highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach and suggest new avenues for data representation in emotion recognition from EEG signals.

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ESG practices mitigating geopolitical risks: Implications for sustainable environmental management.

Abstract: As climate change and geopolitical conflicts intensify, understanding how geopolitical risks affect companies prioritizing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices is crucial. This study investigates the dynamic relationship between global geopolitical risks and the performance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and non-ESG companies, particularly their influence on green markets. Utilizing a robust methodological framework, including the dynamic time-varying parameters vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) model, and causal impact modeling, we analyze daily financial data from 2021 to 2024. The results reveal a substantial negative impact of geopolitical risks on non-ESG companies, contrasting with the resilience of ESG-committed counterparts. This suggests that ESG-committed companies demonstrate better resilience against geopolitical risks, emphasizing the protective role of ESG practices amid uncertainties. Additionally, the inclusion of ESG companies in green markets diminishes the severity of the negative impact of geopolitical risks, underlining the transformative role of ESG commitment in shaping investor behavior towards sustainable investments. Our findings offer insights for policymakers and investors navigating geopolitical risks and ESG performance, with a focus on environmental management, and provide guidance for effective risk mitigation and investment policies to enhance environmental sustainability.

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The Olympic gap: planning and politics of the Helsinki Olympics

Abstract: The Olympic Games of 1940 were due to be organized in Tokyo, Japan, but because of the Sino-Japanese war, the event was hastily re-scheduled to be organized in Helsinki, Finland. The Second World War however interrupted the preparations. Instead of 1940, the Games were organized in Helsinki in 1952. It thus became necessary to prepare twice for the same event. During the 12 years that had passed, the political situation had become significantly different, while also views concerning architecture and urban planning had changed. The postponed Helsinki Olympics represent an intriguing case in the history of Olympic Games, that has remained relatively little researched. This paper proposes that this 12-year 'Olympic gap' brings to view on one hand the need to prepare twice, and on the other hand, the processual, slow nature of building and planning, which continued almost uninterrupted. A close reading of period newspaper articles, history of urban planning and architecture, as well as studies of the Olympic Games reveals tensions between architecture, planning, and politics on local, national, and international level, as they unravel in the context of preparing for the Helsinki Olympics.

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How One Health Instrumentalizes Nonhuman Animals.

Abstract: This article interrogates anthropocentrism and nonhuman animal instrumentalization in One Health (OH). It argues that OH's approach to human health and zoonosis focuses too narrowly on furthering certain human interests at the expense of nonhuman animals, which is not sustainable, just, or compassionate. This article also offers an alternative vision for protecting and promoting health for all over the long term that includes the human right to self-determination and the nonhuman animal right to not be exploited or abused. This rights-based approach recognizes that the root causes of zoonosis should be identified and addressed via policies and actions that challenge nonhuman animal exploitation.

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Italian women workers and women activists between home and factory: the struggle against labour precarity (1950s-1970s)

Abstract: From a gender historical perspective, labour precarity constitutes a long-term phenomenon. Women's work represents a privileged observatory to understand how instability and precarity also characterised the cycle of economic and industrial expansion of the 1950s and 1960s. The article compares the conditions of female factory workers with those of home-based workers, a traditionally invisible category of workers, who between the 1960s and 1970s promoted demonstrations and protests with the support of trade unions, women's associations and local institutions. Changes in the subjectivity of women workers and homeworkers, whose demands often came together and gave rise to joint protests, not only became part of broader discussions on the relationship between industrial crisis and precariousness, but also generated discourses on specific forms of work that are now central to debates on flexible/precarious work such as part-time work.

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Ancient chicken remains reveal the origins of virulence in Marek's disease virus

Abstract: The pronounced growth in livestock populations since the 1950s has altered the epidemiological and evolutionary trajectory of their associated pathogens. For example, Marek's disease virus (MDV), which causes lymphoid tumors in chickens, has experienced a marked increase in virulence over the past century. Today, MDV infections kill >90% of unvaccinated birds, and controlling it costs more than US$1 billion annually. By sequencing MDV genomes derived from archeological chickens, we demonstrate that it has been circulating for at least 1000 years. We functionally tested the Meq oncogene, one of 49 viral genes positively selected in modern strains, demonstrating that ancient MDV was likely incapable of driving tumor formation. Our results demonstrate the power of ancient DNA approaches to trace the molecular basis of virulence in economically relevant pathogens.

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Association between the geriatric nutritional risk index and clinical outcomes among peritoneal dialysis patients: A meta-analysis.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify the relationship between the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and clinical outcomes in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD).METHODS: The PubMed, EBASE, Web of Science and CNKI databases were searched for available studies up to December 25, 2023. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes included the incidence of PD dropout, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), technique failure and peritonitis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined to evaluate the predictive value of the GNRI for the occurrence of the above endpoints.RESULTS: Ten cohort studies with 3897 patients were included. The pooled results demonstrated that a lower GNRI was significantly associated with a greater incidence of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55-0.91; P = .007). In addition, a decreased GNRI predicted the occurrence of dropout from PD (HR = 0.971, 95% CI: 0.945-0.998, P = .034) and MACCE (HR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98, P = .001). However, no significant associations of the GNRI with technique failure (P = .167) or peritonitis (P = .96) were observed.CONCLUSION: A low GNRI is significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes and might serve as a novel and valuable prognostic indicator among PD patients.

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What is foraging?

Abstract: Foraging is a central competence of all mobile organisms. Models and concepts from foraging theory have been applied widely throughout biology to the search for many kinds of external resources, including food, sexual encounters, minerals, water, and the like. In cognitive science and neuroscience, the tools of foraging theory are increasingly applied to a wide range of other types of search, including for abstract resources like information or for internal resources like memories, concepts, and strategies for problem solving. Despite its importance in ecology and increasing relevance for the study of cognition, the concept of foraging is rarely analyzed. Here, I aim to rectify this situation. I outline three desiderata: first, an analysis should differentiate foraging from search and decision making more generally; second, an analysis should unify different types of foraging; and third, an analysis should help ground predictions. I present an analysis of foraging as the serial search for general resources in accept-or-reject, exclusive, persistent decision contexts. Not all search is serial and not all decision making is exclusive, differentiating foraging from search and decision making generally. With the aid of Markov decision processes and directed cyclical models, I show how the analysis implies a cyclical graph. This cyclical graph is embedded in the description of many types of foraging, unifying the different instances. Finally, I argue that the cyclical graph is also embedded in representations of novel task contexts that have not previously been viewed as foraging. I illustrate this novel application of the concept of foraging by arguing that reasoning is a type of foraging.

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A Decade after the Arab Revolutions: Reflections on the Evolution of Questions about the SWANA Region

Abstract: On 17 December 2010, the self-immolation of a young street vendor in Sidi Bouzid, a town in inland Tunisia, instigated the uprisings that became known as the Arab Spring or the Arab Revolutions - a wording that I will use here as a translation from the Arabic al-thawrat al-`arabiyya. Observers were shocked at the radical protests arising in these regions, where authoritarian regimes had crushed all serious opposition over the decades. Conflicts governed by geopolitics, in particular the ongoing Israeli-Arab and Israeli-Palestinian hostilities, and the focus on political Islam and jihadism as the only globalized locus of political protest, have arrogated any attention for societies, their transformation, and their mobilization.

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Unlocking archaeological data online via the PEPAdb (Prehistoric Europe's Personal Adornment Database) initiative for Open Science

Abstract: PEPAdb (Prehistoric Europe's Personal Adornment Database) is a long-term, open-ended project that aims to improve access to archaeological data online. Its website (https://pepadb.us.es) publishes and analyses datasets about prehistoric personal adornment, drawing on the results of various research projects and bibliographic references.

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Disentangling the Effects of Cognitive, Affective, and Sociocultural Factors on Risk Information Avoidance: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract: Risk information avoidance (RIA) has become an increasingly ubiquitous behavior for people to deal with massive volumes of information. Given its detrimental impact, abundant studies were conducted to explore its antecedents. Nevertheless, the results are scattered and, in some cases, inconsistent. We thereby conducted a meta-analysis to present a synthesis of the current findings by identifying the most relevant antecedents and moderators. Guided by the framework of Planned Risk Information Avoidance, we examined 11 antecedents along cognitive, emotional, and sociocultural dimensions. Based on 52 articles across various contexts, the results indicated that information overload (r = .30), efficacy belief (r = -.11), fatalism (r = .18), information insufficiency (r = -.09), anxiety (r = .26), worry (r = -.08) and information avoiding norms (r = .50) were significant predictors of RIA. Furthermore, uncertainty avoidance and information type were identified as moderators.

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2-Mercaptob enzimidazole compounde d with the conventional sealer B72 for the protection of rusted bronze

Abstract: The corrosion inhibition effect, reinforcement effect and penetration effect of rusted bronze before and after the compounding of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) with B72 (Paraloid B72) were investigated using surface analysis and electrochemical techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and quantum chemical computing techniques were used to explore the mechanism of corrosion mitigation further. In addition, an electronic universal testing machine was used to test the ability of the material to reinforce different rust compositions before and after compounding. The dynamic potential polarization method was used to determine the composite scheme's optimal corrosion inhibition ratio and study the corrosion inhibition effect. The experimental results showed that the best corrosion inhibition effect was achieved at the ratio of MBI/B72 ratio 3:7, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency was 97.84 % under these conditions. Most of the MBI molecules used by us presented prominent permeation adsorption behavior. They formed uneven films of Cu(I)-MBI and Cu(II)-MBI coordination compounds on the surface of the rust layer. Finally, B72 combines with MBI molecules through hydrogen bonding to form a compact and smooth film, which helps improve corrosion inhibition efficiency and plays a certain role in reinforcement. (c) 2024 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).

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FATIMA'S INHERITANCE: LAW, ISLAM, AND GENDERED ARCHIVE-MAKING IN INDIA'S EARLY MODERN GLOBAL CONNECTIONS

Abstract: Sometime around the first half of the seventeenth century, a Muslim woman known by the name Fatima brought her slaves to court over an inheritance dispute in the Indian port city of Surat. Tracing Fatima's lawsuit and its many afterlives through the study of the transmission of its sole surviving record, this article charts the genealogies of the gendered (re)interpretations of the meaning of law and Islam from the courtroom of Surat to a Mughal official's anthology and to a French Orientalist's library. Along the way, Fatima's invocation of divine legal authority in protecting her right of inheritance became abstracted by the Mughal official into a Persianate scribal articulation of ideal social order that saw the masculine as the default gender of law. This scribal vision of order then converged with the Orientalist's universalist narrative of natural law that struggled to comprehend simultaneously the legal, economic and bodily agency of Muslim women. These layered processes of archive-making ultimately invite us to rethink not just Fatima's story itself but also our current efforts to write gender into global history.

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Development of a Web-Based Oxygenation Dashboard for Preterm Neonates: A Quality Improvement Initiative

Abstract: Background: Preterm neonates are extensively monitored to require strict oxygen target attainment for optimal outcomes. In daily practice, detailed oxygenation data are hardly used and crucial patterns may be missed due to the snapshot presentations and subjective observations. This study aimed to develop a web-based dashboard with both detailed and summarized oxygenation data in real-time and to test its feasibility to support clinical decision making. Methods: Data from pulse oximeters and ventilators were synchronized and stored to enable real-time and retrospective trend visualizations in a web-based viewer. The dashboard was designed based on interviews with clinicians. A preliminary version was evaluated during daily clinical rounds. The routine evaluation of the respiratory condition of neonates (gestational age < 32 weeks) with respiratory support at the NICU was compared to an assessment with the assistance of the dashboard. Results: The web-based dashboard included data on the oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO(2)), SpO(2)/FiO(2) ratio, and area < 80% and > 95% SpO(2) curve during time intervals that could be varied. The distribution of SpO(2) values was visualized as histograms. In 65% of the patient evaluations (n = 86) the level of hypoxia was assessed differently with the use of the dashboard. In 75% of the patients the dashboard was judged to provide added value for the clinicians in supporting clinical decisions. Conclusions: A web-based customized oxygenation dashboard for preterm neonates at the NICU was developed and found feasible during evaluation. More clear and objective information was found supportive for clinicians during the daily rounds in tailoring treatment strategies.

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Stock of Carbon and Soil Organic Fractions in No-Tillage and Crop-Livestock Integration Systems

Abstract: Soil use and management practices influence the quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM). From this perspective, the objective of this work was to evaluate the carbon stock and SOM fractions in a no-tillage (NT) and crop-livestock integration (CL) system in the Cerrado biome. The treatments were divided into four areas, subdivided into an area under NT with 11 years of cultivation, two areas under CL with 5 or 10 years of cultivation, and an area of native vegetation (NV). Undisturbed and disturbed soil (Ferralsols) samples were collected in layers 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.4, and 0.4-0.6 m for the evaluations of soil properties, including bulk density, weighted mean diameter, clay content, carbon stock, carbon stock of light and mineral fractions, humification rate, and carbon management index. The results obtained suggest that the environments with the highest conservation of the physical properties of the soil are those that contain the highest levels of stable C. The main mechanism for C protection in the systems evaluated was mainly associated with physical protection, promoted by soil aggregates, capable of keeping C protected, and mitigation of C into the atmosphere. The values of the carbon management index in the agriculture areas were >100, indicating that these production systems could approach the soil quality of the native vegetation reference system.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Surgical Complexity and Physician Compensation: An Analysis of Relative Under-Valuation for Pediatric Brachial Plexus Surgery.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Brachial plexus reconstruction (BPR) is a rapidly advancing field within hand surgery. BPR procedures are complex, time-intensive, and require microsurgical expertise. As physician reimbursement rates for BPR are poorly defined, relative to more common hand procedures, we sought to analyze compensation for BPR across different payor groups and understand the factors contributing to their reimbursement.METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of surgeries by a single senior staff member in a 4-year period to evaluate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes from BPR cases. For comparison, all finger fracture fixations and skin graft reconstructions performed by the same surgeon over the same time period were analyzed as well.RESULTS: A total of 57 BPR cases, 94 finger fracture fixation cases, and 69 skin grafting cases met inclusion criteria. Among the top 5 insurance providers, average work relative value unit (wRVU)/hour was 6.55, 3.49, and 12.67 for BPR, fracture fixation, and skin grafts, respectively. Reimbursements were an average $685.76/hour for BPR, compared to $590.10/hour for fracture fixation and $1,197.94/hour for skin grafts.CONCLUSIONS: BPR demonstrates a relative undervaluation, in terms of reimbursement per hour, given the time and surgical skill required for such cases, particularly compared to shorter, less complex cases such as skin grafting and fracture fixation. We find that this discrepancy is amplified across multiple levels of coding, billing, and reimbursement. We suggest specific strategies for physician leadership to more directly participate in the financial decisions that affect themselves, their patients, and their specialty.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Casting, joining and recycling. Use of lead and plumbers practices in Notre-Dame building yard (12th-19th c.) through historical, archaeological and chemical investigations

Abstract: An interdisciplinary scientific project composed of different work groups was set up after the fire of Notre-Dame cathedral in 2019 which aims at studying all different aspects of the building and its evolutions from the 12th to the 19th century. One of them is the Metal work group who investigates the use of iron and lead in this monument and try for instance to trace the history of lead uses in the construction and restorations of cathedrals. The present paper focuses on the case of Notre-Dame de Paris, a jewel of French gothic architecture to question the role of this metal in its structure, to determine the quantities used and to investigate issues related to its provisioning and its recycling. Paradoxically, though the fire of 15th April 2019 melted almost the whole lead roof as well as decorative elements on the spire, lost forever for scientific investigations, it also enabled to reveal hidden parts of the cathedral where lead used as sealing became accessible thanks to scaffolding. A methodology combining archaeology, archive record study and archaeometry was implemented to study the remaining lead in the cathedral leading to a textual approach coupled with a material approach. Two case studies are considered in this paper as representative of lead uses at different periods of the cathedral's life: in medieval masonry with cramp's sealings in the tribunes, and on the sacristy's roof dating from the 19th century. For the first case, a chronology of the construction will be suggested and for the second a discussion between chemical analyses and archive records will be opened. (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Connected, programmed, and immobilised: mobile ethnography of platform-mediated food delivery in Seoul

Abstract: Against the rise of mobility platforms, this paper explores the practices and politics of mobility arising from the everyday infrastructural functioning of Baemin, the largest food delivery platform in South Korea. While the literature on food delivery platforms centres on changing labour relations, platform workers do not merely represent a new type of labour; they likewise form a critical conduit in the urban logistics system. Platform-mediated food delivery can be therefore conceptualised as a moving assemblage of heterogeneous entities that constitutes an urban infrastructure. Having emerged as an urban mobility regime, food delivery platforms increasingly enact a form of governance, enabling a particular mode of circulation and movements. Engaging with the mobility framework, combined with critical infrastructure scholarship, this paper seeks to uncover the politics of im/mobility involved in the creation of a ceaselessly flowing city envisaged by Baemin. It identifies three forms of mobilities-connected, programmed, and immobilised-produced through contingent interactions between moving bodies, technologies, and the environment, which could amount to tethering effects. Integrating empirical materials from multimethod mobile ethnography in Seoul, it presents on-the-ground accounts of practices, interactions, and sensations gathered around the Baemin-mediated food delivery.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Cross-Country Discrepancies in Monkeypox Vaccine Hesitancy Among Postgraduate and Undergraduate Medical Students.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Medical students hold significant importance, as they represent the future of healthcare provision. This study aimed to explore psychological antecedents towards the monkeypox (mpox) vaccines amongpostgraduate and undergraduatemedical students across countries.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students aged 18 years old and above in 7 countries; Egypt, Romania, Malaysia, and Yemen, Iraq, India, and Nigeria. We used social media platforms between September 27 and November 4, 2022. An anonymous online survey using the 5C scale was conducted using snowball and convenience Sampling methods to assess the 5 psychological antecedents of vaccination (i.e., confidence, constraints, complacency, and calculation, as well as collective responsibility).RESULTS: A total of 2780 participants were recruited. Participants' median age was 22 years and 52.1% of them were males. The 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination were as follows: 55% were confident about vaccination, 10% were complacent, 12% experienced constraints, and 41% calculated the risk and benefit. Lastly, 32% were willing to be vaccinated for the prevention of infection transmission to others. The Country was a significant predictor of confidence, complacency, having constraints, and calculation domains (P < 0.001). Having any idea about the mpox vaccine was linked to 1.6 times higher odds of being more confident [OR = 1.58 (95% CI, 1.26-1.98), P < 0.001] Additionally, living in a rural area significantly increased complacency [OR = 1.42 (95% CI, 1.05-1.95), P = 0.024] as well as having anyone die from mpox [OR = 3.3 (95% CI, 1.64-6.68), P < 0.001]. Education level was associated with increased calculation [OR = 2.74 (95% CI, 1.62-4.64), P < 0.001]. Moreover, being single and having no chronic diseases significantly increased the calculation domain [OR = 1.40 (95% CI, 1.06-1.98), P = 0.02] and [OR = 1.54 (95% CI, 1.10-2.16), P = 0.012] respectively. Predictors of collective responsibility were age 31-45 years [OR = 2.89 (95% CI, 1.29-6.48), P = 0.01], being single [OR = 2.76 (95% CI, 1.94 -3.92), P < 0.001], being a graduate [OR = 1.59 (95% CI (1.32-1.92), P < 0.001], having no chronic disease [OR = 2.14 (95% CI, 1.56-2.93), P < 0.001], and not knowing anyone who died from mpox [OR = 2.54 (95% CI, 1.39-4.64), P < 0.001), as well as living in a middle-income country [OR = 0.623, (95% CI, 0.51-0.73), P < 0.001].CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the multifaceted nature of psychological antecedents of vaccination, emphasizing the impact of socio-demographic factors, geographic location, and awareness, as well as previous experiences on individual attitudes and collective responsibility towards vaccination.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Until death do us part. A multidisciplinary study on human- Animal co- burials from the Late Iron Age necropolis of Seminario Vescovile in Verona (Northern Italy, 3rd-1st c. BCE)

Abstract: Animal remains are a common find in prehistoric and protohistoric funerary contexts. While taphonomic and osteological data provide insights about the proximate (depositional) factors responsible for these findings, the ultimate cultural causes leading to this observed mortuary behavior are obscured by the opacity of the archaeological record and the lack of written sources. Here, we apply an interdisciplinary suite of analytical approaches (zooarchaeological, anthropological, archaeological, paleogenetic, and isotopic) to explore the funerary deposition of animal remains and the nature of joint human-animal burials at Seminario Vescovile (Verona, Northern Italy 3(rd)-1(st) c. BCE). This context, culturally attributed to the Cenomane culture, features 161 inhumations, of which only 16 included animal remains in the form of full skeletons, isolated skeletal parts, or food offerings. Of these, four are of particular interest as they contain either horses (Equus caballus) or dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)-animals that did not play a dietary role. Analyses show no demographic, dietary, funerary similarities, or genetic relatedness between individuals buried with animals. Isotopic data from two analyzed dogs suggest differing management strategies for these animals, possibly linked to economic and/or ritual factors. Overall, our results point to the unsuitability of simple, straightforward explanations for the observed funerary variability. At the same time, they connect the evidence from Seminario Vescovile with documented Transalpine cultural traditions possibly influenced by local and Roman customs.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Analysis of Anatolian Traditional Weaving Technique in the Context of Computational Design

Abstract: This study focuses on the traditional weaving technique, which has its origins in Anatolia. It is aimed to uncover the plain, twill, and satin weaving techniques within the context of computational design approaches. The objectives of this study are to analyse and decipher the weaving patterns through a computational model. The core idea of this study consists of five steps that represent a cycle of the weaving from traditional processes to digital and digital fabrication. Eight parameters are defined to integrate the weaving technique into the computational model. A computational weaving model was developed which transforms the two-dimensional pattern into a three-dimensional model. Describing weaving patterns using parameters is crucial in today's world for cultural transfer of traditional weaving. Thus, weaving techniques can be used for designing architectural elements, such as shells, panels, structural elements.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Structuralism in differential equations

Abstract: Structuralism in philosophy of mathematics has largely focused on arithmetic, algebra, and basic analysis. Some have doubted whether distinctively structural working methods have any impact in other fields such as differential equations. We show narrowly construed structuralism as offered by Benacerraf has no practical role in differential equations. But Dedekind's approach to the continuum already did not fit that narrow sense, and little of mathematics today does. We draw on one calculus textbook, one celebrated analysis textbook, and a monograph on the Navier-Stokes equation to show structural methods like Dedekind's have long been central to differential equations, and have philosophically respectable ontology and epistemology.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Integrated microprofilometry and multispectral imaging for full-field analysis of ancient manuscripts

Abstract: A novel workflow is proposed to combine the use of two powerful techniques in the study of ancient manuscripts: multispectral imaging and optical microprofilometry. Multispectral imaging is routinely used and allows to examine each individual folium as a superposition of layers that give different responses in the UV-Vis-NIR bands. It enables the analysis of the conservation state of an object, the mapping of previous restorations or the detection of writings no longer visible. The downside of this technique is the lack of quantitative data on surface morphology. On the other hand, surface microprofilometry on book heritage is unexplored. The optical scanning microprofilometer used in this work employs single-point, interferometric depth-sensors that enable to measure the surface topography of the manuscript (deformation and roughness) in full-field (areas of tens of centimeters) at micrometer scale. The crucial task of spatial referencing the surface topography at micrometer scale to the visible features (e.g., written text) is performed with a novel procedure that solves the problem of the lack of reference points in the microprofilometer height data. We exploit the raw intensity signal collected by the laser depth sensor to fuse the interferometric measurements with the multispectral image stack. The full-field integration of quantitative microsurface measurements and in-band imaging responses enables a more comprehensive exploration of ancient manuscripts, by integrating materials-surface analysis, advancing the diagnostic protocol.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

#Pathart and cytopathology: Beauty must be shared

Abstract: ObjectiveThere is beauty in cytopathology. That beauty and art can be transmitted and shared through fun images on social media.MethodsAs social media becomes more popular, pathologists and related professionals have started to share the images that they capture at work on their profiles, tagging them with the hashtag #Pathart. #Pathart hashtag unites two concepts innately related: Pathology and art.ResultsWhen groups of pathologists share concurring ideas, the result is an explosion of creativity that spreads even to new professionals and students. In addition, it attracts the attention of people, dedicated to other subjects such as journalism, who, with their interactions, give visibility to our field. This helps counteract the stereotypes and gives people a better understanding of what we do and why it is important. Therefore, the more pathologists and related professionals meet and interact with each other, the better.Conclusions#Pathart images raise great interest among professionals, which contributes to the creation of a united and strong community of pathologists some of whom are dedicated to cytology. Interaction and professional collaboration between these professionals can positively contribute to disseminating scientific content and creating work/research groups. This might have an impact, both direct and indirect, on improving the quality of diagnoses and treatments in our patients.There is beauty in Cytopathology. That beauty and art can be transmitted and shared through fun images on social media, creating a union between a community of professionals who share creative personality traits and a unique sense of humour.image

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Listening Projects: The BBC, Oral History, and the Nation in Fractured Times

Abstract: This article tunes in to the British Broadcasting Corporation's (BBC) heart-warming radio program, The Listening Project (TLP), aired from 2012 until 2022. Comparing TLP to its source model from the US, StoryCorps, to previous British public access broadcasting initiatives (such as Open Door and Video Nation), as well as to social media, I highlight the interests at stake in the BBC's presentation of listening in the service of imagined national community, an idea echoed by the British Library's Oral History department where the TLP interviews are archived. I posit that TLP's homely chats between family, friends, or caring strangers-about everything from bath times to Brexit-reflect a feminist and forgiving public, nurtured by the BBC civic ideals. This can be enjoyed and valued as a counterweight to social media riven with postdemocratic, divisive nationalism. After introducing the scope and scale of the project, I explore criticisms of TLP as cozy confessions for comfortable BBC audiences. I go on to weigh them against the BBC's in-house oral history, which reveals the broadcaster's people and policies, including its struggles to be as well as shape a national community that is multicultural, diverse, and inclusive. I argue that the BBC's decision through a partnership with the University of Sussex to open the archive as a public catalog and online guided exhibit in Voices of the BBC is a listening project in its own way. These very different forms of interviews confirm, however, the serious civic ambitions behind TLP. The conversations testify to everyday resilience in the face of a troubled and unequal modern Britain, but the project's closure reflects how difficult it is for the BBC to fulfill its mission, values, and public purposes in fractured times.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Prediction on nature of cancer by fuzzy graphoidal covering number using artificial neural network

Abstract: Predicting the chances of various types of cancers for different organs in the human body is a typical decisionmaking process in medicine and health. The signaling pathways have played a vital role in increasing or decreasing the possibility of the deadliest disease, cancer. To combine the pathways concept and ambiguity in the prediction techniques of such diseases, we have used the proposed research on fuzzy graphoidal covers of fuzzy graphs in this paper. Determining a path with uncertainty and shortest length is a challenging topic of graph theory, and a collection of such shortest paths maintaining specific conditions is defined as a fuzzy graphoidal cover for a fuzzy graph. Also, we have defined fuzzy graphoidal covering number as a new parameter, reflecting the measure of coverage by fuzzy graphoidal covering set in a system. Afterwards, some important characterizations of the fuzzy graphoidal covering number are established with justified proof. Also, specific limit values of this number are provided for particular cases. Then, we developed an efficient algorithm for finding the defined covering set with its space and time complexity. The findings of this proposed study have been composed with an artificial neural network to model a strong tool for resolving an essential issue of medical sciences, the prediction of cancer type in the human body. We have analyzed two types of neural networks such as one one-dimensional and two-dimensional specification, for clarity of the obtained results. Also, we have found out the most possible cancer type is breast cancer from the data of our considered case study as a concluding statement for any decision-maker in the field of health sciences. Finally, sensitivity analysis and comparative study have been done to show the stability of our proposed work.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Privatisation of government services in Australia: what is known about health and equity impacts

Abstract: Background Historically in Australia, all levels of government created collective wealth by owning and operating infrastructure, and managing natural assets, key public goods and essential services while being answerable to the public. This strong state tradition was challenged in the 1980s when privatisation became a widespread government approach globally. Privatisation involves displacing the public sector through modes of financing, ownership, management and product or service delivery. The Australian literature shows that negative effects from privatisation are not spread equitably, and the health and equity impacts appear to be under-researched. This narrative overview aims to address a gap in the literature by answering research questions on what evidence exists for positive and negative outcomes of privatisation; how well societal impacts are evaluated, and the implications for health and equity.Methods Database and grey literature were searched by keywords, with inclusion criteria of items limited to Australia, published between 1990 and 2022, relating to any industry or government sector, including an evaluative aspect, or identifying positive or negative aspects from privatisation, contracting out, or outsourcing. Thematic analysis was aided by NVivo qualitative data software and guided by an a-priori coding frame.Results No items explicitly reflected on the relationship between privatisation and health. Main themes identified were the public cost of privatisation, loss of government control and expertise, lack of accountability and transparency, constraints to accessing social determinants of health, and benefits accruing to the private sector.Discussion Our results supported the view that privatisation is more than asset-stripping the public sector. It is a comprehensive strategy for restructuring public services in the interests of capital, with privatisation therefore both a political and commercial determinant of health. There is growing discussion on the need for re-nationalisation of certain public assets, including by the Victorian government.Conclusion Privatisation of public services is likely to have had an adverse impact on population health and contributed to the increase in inequities. This review suggests that there is little evidence for the benefits of privatisation, with a need for greater attention to political and commercial determinants of health in policy formation and in research.

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An Underwater Organism Image Dataset and a Lightweight Module Designed for Object Detection Networks

Abstract: Long-term monitoring and recognition of underwater organism objects are of great significance in marine ecology, fisheries science and many other disciplines. Traditional techniques in this field, including manual fishing-based ones and sonar-based ones, are usually flawed. Specifically, the method based on manual fishing is time-consuming and unsuitable for scientific researches, while the sonar-based one, has the defects of low acoustic image accuracy and large echo errors. In recent years, the rapid development of deep learning and its excellent performance in computer vision tasks make vision-based solutions feasible. However, the researches in this area are still relatively insufficient in mainly two aspects. First, to our knowledge, there is still a lack of large-scale datasets of underwater organism images with accurate annotations. Second, in consideration of the limitation on hardware resources of underwater devices, an underwater organism detection algorithm that is both accurate and lightweight enough to be able to infer in real time is still lacking. As an attempt to fill in the aforementioned research gaps to some extent, we established the Multiple Kinds of Underwater Organisms (MKUO) dataset with accurate bounding box annotations of taxonomic information, which consists of 10,043 annotated images, covering eighty-four underwater organism categories. Based on our benchmark dataset, we evaluated a series of existing object detection algorithms to obtain their accuracy and complexity indicators as the baseline for future reference. In addition, we also propose a novel lightweight module, namely Sparse Ghost Module, designed especially for object detection networks. By substituting the standard convolution with our proposed one, the network complexity can be significantly reduced and the inference speed can be greatly improved without obvious detection accuracy loss. To make our results reproducible, the dataset and the source code are available online at https://cslinzhang.github.io/MKUO-and-Sparse-Ghost-Module/.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Navigating Potential Pitfalls in Difference-in-Differences Designs: Reconciling Conflicting Findings on Mass Shootings' Effect on Electoral Outcomes

Abstract: Work on the electoral effects of gun violence in the U.S. relying on difference-in-differences designs has produced findings ranging from null to substantively large effects. However, as difference-in-difference designs, on which this research relies, have exploded in popularity, scholars have documented several methodological issues including potential violations of parallel-trends and unaccounted for treatment effect heterogeneity. These pitfalls (and their solutions) have not been fully explored in political science. We apply these advancements to the unresolved debate on gun violence's effects on U.S. electoral outcomes. We show that studies finding a large positive effect of gun violence on Democratic vote shares are a product of a failure to properly specify difference-in-differences models when underlying assumptions are unlikely to hold. Once these biases are corrected, shootings show little evidence of sparking large electoral change. Our work clarifies an unresolved debate and provides a cautionary guide for scholars currently employing difference-in-differences designs.

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Elevated levels of loneliness in migrant children compared to nonmigrant children in urban China: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies.

Abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: About one in four children in China is a migrant child. This population has a higher risk of experiencing loneliness. However, existing studies present conflicting findings regarding the levels of loneliness among migrant children as compared to local urban children in urban China. This review performs a meta-analysis of studies comparing loneliness levels between these two groups.RECENT FINDINGS: A literature search of major Chinese- and English-language databases revealed 27 eligible comparative studies. These studies reported the means and standardized deviations of loneliness scores for both migrant and nonmigrant children in urban China. Meta-analysis results showed that migrant children experienced significantly higher levels of loneliness than their urban nonmigrant counterparts [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.21, P  < 0.001]. Subgroup analysis revealed that studies enrolling migrant children from migrant children's schools had significantly higher pooled SMDs than those enrolling children from public schools (0.346 vs. 0.120, P  = 0.047).SUMMARY: Migrant children in urban China experience higher levels of loneliness compared to their local urban peers. Efforts to create a socially inclusive, migrant-friendly environment and reduce social isolation among migrant children are crucial to help alleviate their feelings of loneliness.

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Pigments, minerals, and copper-corrosion products: Terahertz continuous wave (THz-CW) spectroscopic characterization of antlerite and atacamite

Abstract: In this work, the optical properties of atacamite, antlerite and azurite are characterized for the first time by exploiting a high-resolution coherent THz-CW spectrometer in the spectral range 0.1-2.8 THz adopting transmission configuration; the spectral response of atacamite and antlerite is reported for the first time in literature in this frequency range. The absorption spectra of the two copper-based pigments showed the presence of distinct absorption peaks defining their fingerprints. In particular, atacamite presents a peak centered at 2.45 THz and antlerite presents two spectral fingerprints centered at 1.77 and 2.52 THz; the retrieved average refractive index is 1.19 and 1.29, respectively. The absorption spectrum of azurite is in good agreement with previous works in the far infrared region and presents two sharp peaks centered at 1.83 and 2.23 THz with an average value of the refractive index of 1.65. Furthermore, by means of the same technique, it is possible to discriminate and quantify pure components in binary mixtures. This result is of great interest for the identification of pigments and metallic corrosion products, and it demonstrates that THz-CW spectroscopy can open the way to an innovative approach for the Cultural Heritage field. (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Impression Management and Expectations of Political Cynicism

Abstract: There are many warnings about growing political cynicism in the news and political science literature. While some people may be truly cynical about politics, for others cynical responses to politics may be a form of impression management-the practice of presenting oneself to others in the way one wishes to be perceived. In three studies, I demonstrate that people report they are cynical in order to avoid giving the impression they do not know much about politics. Political cynicism is not a socially desirable characteristic-people do not believe cynicism is normatively good. At the same time, many see value to cynicism in politics, a finding which carries broad implications for the relationship between cynicism and perceived knowledge in political discourse.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Out of the way, human! Understanding post-adoption of last-mile delivery robots

Abstract: The pace of technological development is exceeding expectations and transforming the landscape of last-mile delivery. This study investigates how users' post-adoption behavior in using delivery robots is formed. Based on the task-technology fit (TTF) model, we present a research model that includes both direct and indirect factors that have been previously overlooked in the literature. We collected data from 550 users of delivery robots. Our structural equation modelling results show that two hedonic- (i.e., gratification and anthropomorphism) and three utilitarian- (i.e., service quality experience, delivery task requirements, and user-facing technology performance) driven factors predict perceived TTF in using delivery robots. Value-in-use and trust have sequential mediating effects that connect perceived TTF and service reuse likelihood and word-of-mouth recommendation. Our findings suggest ways to improve last-mile delivery robot strategies and provide practical implications for the industry.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Interactive visual query of density maps on latent space via flow-based models

Abstract: Visual querying of spatiotemporal data has become a dominant mode in the field of visual analytics. Previous studies have utilized well-designed data structures to speed up the querying of spatiotemporal data. However, reducing storage overhead while improving the querying efficiency of data distribution remains a significant challenge. We propose a flow-based neural representation method for efficient visual querying. First, we transform spatiotemporal data into density maps through kernel density estimation. Then, we leverage the data-driven modeling capabilities of a flow-based neural network to achieve a highly latent representation of the data. Various computations and queries can be performed on the latent representation to improve querying efficiency. Our experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves competitive results in visually querying spatiotemporal data in terms of storage overhead and real-time interaction efficiency.

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AI in teacher education: Unlocking new dimensions in teaching support, inclusive learning, and digital literacy

Abstract: Background: AI can positively influence teaching by offering support for classroom management, creating inclusive learning environments, enhancing digital skills, personalizing teaching methods, and strengthening teacher-student relationships.Objectives: This quantitative research study investigates the opportunities, difficulties, and consequences of incorporating AI into teacher education.Methods: Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 202 college students and 68 staff members. The analysis was conducted using SPSS software.Results: The study provides a novel contribution by its thorough investigation of the diverse effects of AI on teacher education. It offers beneficial perspectives on the possible benefits and challenges, illuminating the far-reaching changes that AI could bring to the terrain of learning and instruction and teaching methods in the time yet to come. The research sought to assess the effect of AI adoption in teacher education across five main dimensions: (i) its influence on teaching support and classroom management, (ii) its role in creating inclusive and accessible learning environments, (iii) its contribution to improving teachers' digital literacy and computer skills, and enhancing access to digital teaching resources, (iv) its positive influence on identifying students' learning styles and facilitating the adoption of diverse teaching methods, and (v) its role in strengthening teacher-student relationships through improved interactions.Conclusion: The findings elucidate the promising opportunities that AI presents in the field of teacher education, along with the obstacles that require resolution for the effective fusion of AI educational settings.

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Does patent pledge reduce pollution and carbon emissions? Evidence from China

Abstract: The existing literature has extensively examined the impact of green innovations, such as patents, on pollution and carbon emissions. However, there has been comparatively less emphasis on the debt financing of green innovation by using patents as collateral. This oversight may have implications for the realization of pollution and carbon emissions reduction goals. Using a natural experiment based on the patent pledge pilot policy in China, this study investigates the impact of patent pledge on pollution and carbon emissions. We find that a significant reduction in the emissions of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide attributable to the patent pledge pilot policy, particularly in cities with lower initial green patent rates, and these results still hold after an array of robustness checks. We show that the encouragement of green innovation and the stimulation of environmental entrepreneurship are the mechanisms underlying these emission reduction effects. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the impact of patent pledges on emission reduction is more pronounced in cities characterized by higher levels of government-reported environmental concern, public engagement in environmentally related searches, pollution information transparency indices, and green development evaluation indices.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Poetry is Subversion: Writers and Revolution at La Pájara Pinta, El Salvador, 1966-1975

Abstract: Thousands of soldiers swept onto the campus of the University of El Salvador with tanks and planes, ransacking buildings and arresting more than eight hundred students, professors, and staff. It was July 19, 1972, and the university had fallen into the hands of the Communist Party of El Salvador and a minuscule group of opportunists of the most disgraceful immorality, said the recently inaugurated president Army Colonel Arturo Armando Molina.(1) Troops handcuffed the rector, Fabio Castillo, and the dean of the medical school and sent them into exile in Nicaragua.(2) Early in the invasion, the troops sealed off and occupied the university's printing press, where workers produced a magazine of arts and politics called La Pajara Pinta that essayist Italo Lopez Vallecillos and novelist Manlio Argueta had founded in 1966, and of which Argueta was still the editor.(3) The campus occupation lasted two years and proved a milestone in El Salvador's long march to civil war. The closing of La Pajara Pinta that day silenced the most important forum for Salvadoran dissident writers and marked, for many of them, the end of their literary careers and the start of their lives as fugitives and, eventually, guerrillas.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

In Situ Treatment of Arsenic-Contaminated Groundwater via Extraction Well-Integrated Permeable Reactive Barriers

Abstract: A pumice-maghemite (P-maghemite) composite was developed using the chemical coprecipitation method with a 20% iron loading ratio by weight. The characterization of the composite using SEM and XRD indicated the effective loading and dispersion of nanoparticles on the surface of the developed base materials. Thereafter, in situ sequestration experiments were conducted in the laboratory for an arsenic-polluted aquifer system using two well-integrated permeable reactive barrier (PRB) modules filled with the developed composite. A vertical fixed-bed column setup was used for the columnar PRB, whereas a sand tank experimental setup was employed for the well-screen-integrated PRB; both PRB systems were fed by a synthetic solution representing the arsenic-contaminated groundwater. More than 99% arsenic removal was observed in the columnar PRB, with an average effluent concentration of 4 mu g/L at the end of the experiment, which is well below the acceptable limit of drinking water for arsenic (<10 mu g/L). Removal of arsenic by the 4-cm-wide well-screen-integrated PRB from 652 mu g/L to less than 20 mu g/L shows a great potential of the developed composite for arsenic remediation at slower groundwater flow rates. A maximum arsenic removal of 99% was attained at the start of the experiment, which decreased to 97% after 1 month of PRB operation. The effluent concentration of all other major ions also was reduced considerably in the PRB modules. The hydraulic conductivity of the developed media was reduced by 35% in the columnar PRB and by approximately 20% in the well-screen-integrated PRB. The high arsenic removal efficiency in continuous flow-through remediation systems indicates the applicability of the developed PRB system in in situ remediation of arsenic-contaminated groundwater.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Regional crises and European fiscal preferences: how regional Covid-19, economic downturn, and migration shape support for EU risk sharing

Abstract: Economic suffering prompted by the Covid-19 pandemic, coming on the heels of earlier 2008 global-financial and 2015 migration crises, revived debate on citizen support for European fiscal integration policies. Such support can be expected to reflect not only individual-level characteristics but also the extent of crisis exposure in subnational regional contexts where individuals live and work. Unfortunately, existing studies of public support have said little about such regional contexts. This study hence explores how regional-level experience with 'polycrisis' affects support for EU fiscal capacities, combining regional-level crisis measures with a 2020 survey experiment on European citizens' preferences towards fiscal capacity instruments in 5 European countries (DE, ES, FR, IT, NL). This allows tests of whether individual support for various European fiscal capacities reflect regional differences in covid suffering, growth losses after the 2008 global financial crisis, and migration spikes from the 2015 migration crisis. We expect and find that citizens in regions more heavily impacted by the pandemic, financial crisis, and (albeit less so) migration crisis - measured separately and as a composite - tend to more readily support European fiscal integration capacity that is redistributive between countries, financed through progressive taxation, refrains from budgetary conditionality, and is lenient towards reform non-compliance.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

AGDF-Net: Learning Domain Generalizable Depth Features With Adaptive Guidance Fusion

Abstract: Cross-domain generalizable depth estimation aims to estimate the depth of target domains (i.e., real-world) using models trained on the source domains (i.e., synthetic). Previous methods mainly use additional real-world domain datasets to extract depth specific information for cross-domain generalizable depth estimation. Unfortunately, due to the large domain gap, adequate depth specific information is hard to obtain and interference is difficult to remove, which limits the performance. To relieve these problems, we propose a domain generalizable feature extraction network with adaptive guidance fusion (AGDF-Net) to fully acquire essential features for depth estimation at multi-scale feature levels. Specifically, our AGDF-Net first separates the image into initial depth and weak-related depth components with reconstruction and contrary losses. Subsequently, an adaptive guidance fusion module is designed to sufficiently intensify the initial depth features for domain generalizable intensified depth features acquisition. Finally, taking intensified depth features as input, an arbitrary depth estimation network can be used for real-world depth estimation. Using only synthetic datasets, our AGDF-Net can be applied to various real-world datasets (i.e., KITTI, NYUDv2, NuScenes, DrivingStereo and CityScapes) with state-of-the-art performances. Furthermore, experiments with a small amount of real-world data in a semi-supervised setting also demonstrate the superiority of AGDF-Net over state-of-the-art approaches.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Floristic changes and environmental drivers of soil fungi and archaea in different salt-tolerant plant communities in the intertidal habitat of coastal wetlands

Abstract: Microorganisms are crucial elements of terrestrial ecosystems, which play significant roles in improving soil physicochemical properties, providing plant growth nutrients, degrading toxic and harmful chemicals, and biogeochemical cycling. Variations in the types and quantities of root exudates among different plants greatly alter soil physicochemical properties and result in variations in the diversity, structure, and function of soil microorganisms. Not much is understood about the differences of soil fungi and archaea communities for different plant communities in coastal wetlands, and their response mechanisms to environmental changes. In this study, fungal and archaea communities in soils of Suaeda salsa, Phragmites australis, and Spartina alterniflora in the intertidal habitat of coastal wetlands were selected for research. Soil fungi and archaea were analyzed for diversity, community structure, and function using high throughput ITS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study revealed significant differences in fungi and archaea's diversity and community structure in the rhizosphere soil of three plant communities. At the same time, there is no significant difference in the functional groups. SOM, TP, AP, MC, EC and SOM, TN, TP, AP, MC, EC are the primary environmental determinants affecting changes in soil fungal and archaeal communities, respectively. Variations in the diversity, community structure, and ecological functions of fungi and archaea can be used as indicators characterizing the impact of external disturbances on the soil environment, providing a theoretical foundation for the effective utilization of soil microbial resources, thereby achieving the goal of environmental protection and health promotion.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Understanding Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Iran: a systematic review of case reports.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the reported cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in Iran.METHODS: A comprehensive literature review of CJD cases in Iran was undertaken using the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. In addition, the Iranian database MagIran was searched for Persian language reports. Case selection used the following criteria: (i) patients of Iranian origin; (ii) publication in peer-reviewed journals or reputable medical databases; (iii) a definitive diagnosis of CJD based on established diagnostic criteria.RESULTS: Thirteen cases from twelve reports were included in this systematic review. The majority of the cases were female (11 of 13; 84.6%). The mean±SD age of patients at hospital admission was 59.38±7.44 years. The findings of the case review suggested that the prevalence of CJD in Iran is not fully established. CJD may be misdiagnosed alongside other clinical signs. The most prevalent early indications of the disease were psychiatric and neurological in nature. A considerable delay in diagnosis was observed in some cases and there was a shortage of brain autopsy records.CONCLUSION: Efforts to improve diagnostic capabilities, promote awareness and establish monitoring systems are necessary for managing the challenges of providing an early diagnosis of CJD in Iran.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Understanding the Manufacture of Hetian Administration Banknotes from Xinjiang Using Low- and High-resolution Analytical Methods

Abstract: Analytical studies of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials have long faced challenges, due to the need for high-quality, scientifically sound data that can lead to suitable diagnostic criteria. This study applies Herzberg staining, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to five Hetian Administration Banknotes (HABs), a particular type of regional banknotes issued by Ma Hu-shan (1910-1954), a Hui warlord, in southern Xinjiang between 1933 and 1937. The results shed important insights into the use of fiber and dyes on HABs, revealing how locally handmade Sangpi (bark of the mulberry tree, Morus alba L.) papers and imported synthetic dyes (Rhodamine B, Methyl Violet 2B, Direct Black 38, and presumably Sudan II) were combined to serve the needs of the regional economy in southern Xinjiang during the 1930s. We conclude the paper by tentatively proposing guidelines for applying low- and high-resolution analytical methods to understand the manufacture and use of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Utility of RAND/UCLA appropriateness method in validating multiple-choice questions on ECG

Abstract: Objectives This study aimed to investigate the utility of the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method (RAM) in validating expert consensus-based multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on electrocardiogram (ECG).Methods According to the RAM user's manual, nine panelists comprising various experts who routinely handle ECGs were asked to reach a consensus in three phases: a preparatory phase (round 0), an online test phase (round 1), and a face-to-face expert panel meeting (round 2). In round 0, the objectives and future timeline of the study were elucidated to the nine expert panelists with a summary of relevant literature. In round 1, 100 ECG questions prepared by two skilled cardiologists were answered, and the success rate was calculated by dividing the number of correct answers by 9. Furthermore, the questions were stratified into Appropriate, Discussion, or Inappropriate according to the median score and interquartile range (IQR) of appropriateness rating by nine panelists. In round 2, the validity of the 100 ECG questions was discussed in an expert panel meeting according to the results of round 1 and finally reassessed as Appropriate, Candidate, Revision, and Defer.Results In round 1 results, the average success rate of the nine experts was 0.89. Using the median score and IQR, 54 questions were classified as Discussion. In the expert panel meeting in round 2, 23% of the original 100 questions was ultimately deemed inappropriate, although they had been prepared by two skilled cardiologists. Most of the 46 questions categorized as Appropriate using the median score and IQR in round 1 were considered Appropriate even after round 2 (44/46, 95.7%).Conclusions The use of the median score and IQR allowed for a more objective determination of question validity. The RAM may help select appropriate questions, contributing to the preparation of higher-quality tests.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Treatment-related mortality among children with cancer in Denmark during 2001-2021.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival of children with cancer has markedly improved over recent decades, largely due to intensified treatment regimes. The intensive treatment may, however, result in fatal complications. In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed temporal variation in the incidence of treatment-related death and associated risk factors among children diagnosed with cancer in Denmark during 2001-2021.METHOD: Among all children diagnosed with first incident cancer before age 15 years recorded in the Danish Childhood Cancer Register (n = 3,255), we estimated cumulative incidence of treatment-related death (death in the absence of progressive cancer) within 5 years from diagnosis using Aalen-Johansen estimators and assessed associated risk factors using Cox regression.RESULTS: Among all 3,255 children with cancer, 93 (20% of all 459 deaths) died from treatment. Of these treatment-related deaths, 39 (42%) occurred within 3 months of diagnosis. The 5-year cumulative incidences of treatment-related death were 3.3% during 2001-2010 and 2.5% during 2011-2021 (p = 0.20). During 2011-2021, treatment-related deaths accounted for more than half of all deaths among children with haematological cancers. Risk factors varied according to cancer group and included female sex, age below 1 year at diagnosis, disease relapse, stem cell transplantation, central nervous system involvement, and metastasis at diagnosis.INTERPRETATION: Despite increasing treatment intensities, the incidence of treatment-related death has remained stable during the past 20 years in Denmark. Still, clinical attention is warranted to prevent treatment-related deaths, particularly among children with haematological cancers. Patient characteristics associated with increased treatment-related death risk support patient-specific treatment approaches to avoid these fatalities.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Fault severity recognition in axial piston pumps using attention-based adversarial discriminative domain adaptation neural network

Abstract: Axial piston pumps are the 'hearts' of hydraulic systems whose fault recognition is necessary for the safety and reliability of hydraulic equipment. These pumps operate under different operating conditions and the fault recognition model trained at one operating point cannot be applicable at another operating point due to the problem of domain shifts. This paper proposes a transfer learning method for the fault severity recognition of axial piston pumps based on adversarial discriminative domain adaptation fused with a convolutional channel attention module. First, a convolutional neural network is pre-trained with labeled vibration data from the source domain, and a convolutional channel attention module is added to assign weights to different convolution kernels. Second, the trained source model is transferred to the target domain, and its parameters are updated by an adversarial training process between the labeled source data and the unlabeled target data. Finally, vibration data are collected from an axial piston pump at different fault levels under various operating conditions to validate the proposed method. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves an average recognition accuracy of 98.3% and outperforms some other transfer learning methods by a large margin.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Strict Moral Answerability

Abstract: Bernard Williams described the case of a lorry driver who runs over a child through no fault of his own. In this article, I pursue two aims. First, I want to motivate a puzzle about Williams's case, which I call the Lorry Driver Paradox and which consists of three individually plausible but jointly inconsistent claims. Second, I want to offer a solution to this paradox based on a novel approach to so-called strict moral answerability. I conclude by responding to the objection that strict answerability is a contradiction in terms.

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Reasonableness as Responsiveness in Administrative Law in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada: Kant and Arendt on the Role of the Community in Deferential Judicial Review

Abstract: When conducting judicial review of administrative decisions using a deferential standard of review, courts should give a greater role to the decision maker's responsiveness to the interests of the community of judgment-those directly affected by the decision. This Article uses a theory of judgment developed by Immanuel Kant in the Critique of Judgment, and elaborated by Hannah Arendt, to justify why consideration for the community is essential to deciding reasonably. It also reviews the approach to deferential review in the case law of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada to determine what the effect would be of this new approach to assessing the reasonableness of a decision. While reviewing courts usually consider the rationality of the decision for achieving the decision maker's statutory policy goals and the appropriateness of the decision maker's appreciation of the relevant facts, they do not generally probe the responsiveness of their reasons to the concerns of those affected by it. This Article suggests that courts should do so. The result is that administrative law will in future require better quality reasons from decision makers. Probing the responsiveness of reasons to the concerns of the community of judgment will require courts to compare the weight that the decision maker has placed on facts and arguments to the weight given to them by community members. This will be a significant change in how courts conduct judicial review, but it should enhance the legitimacy of deferential judicial review.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Isotopic insights into the Early Acheulean (1.95 Ma-1.66 Ma) high-elevation paleoenvironments at Melka Kunture (Upper Awash Valley, Ethiopia)

Abstract: In this paper, we present stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of fauna tooth enamel from Garba IVD (1.95 Ma) and Gombore IB (1.66 Ma), two Early Acheulean sites of Melka Kunture (Upper Awash, Ethiopia), and discuss faunal taxonomy and fossil pollen. Our aim is to infer the diet and habitat of the fossil fauna, as well as the environment of both sites, in order to provide a broader paleoecological reconstruction. During the Pleistocene, the vegetation of the highlands of Ethiopia belonged to the Dry evergreen Afromontane Forest and grassland complex, which is distinct from the savanna of lower elevations in eastern Africa. Our carbon isotopic results indicate that all the analyzed faunal taxa were grazers consuming C4 plants, whereas oxygen isotopic results discriminate the taxa according to their semiaquatic or terrestrial habitats. These results are consistent with the taxonomic composition of the faunal assemblages and the palynological results, suggesting extended mountain grasslands in the landscape at Garba IVD. In contrast, the carbon isotopic results do not totally agree with the pollen paleoenvironmental reconstruction at Gombore IB, where the open vegetation was interrupted by forests and bushy vegetation. Stable isotope and pollen data provide different outcomes (feeding strategies vs. nearby plants) and have different temporal and spatial resolutions. This is relevant when reconstructing past environments by using independent proxies. Furthermore, isotopic comparisons with other Early Pleistocene paleontological and archaeological sites from eastern Africa indicate that all the analyzed taxa in common fed on C4 plants and that their dietary strategies were not affected by variations linked to the difference in elevations.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Spatial Dynamics and Social Order in Traditional Towns of Saudi Arabia's Nadji Region: The Role of Neighborhood Clustering in Urban Morphology and Decision-Making Processes

Abstract: This study explores how the layout of neighborhoods in traditional settlements of Saudi Arabia's Najdi region influence social interactions and urban planning decisions. The study uses a multidisciplinary approach that includes urban morphology, architectural phenomenology, and sociological study methods to investigate the relationships between spatial organization and decision-making processes on both the macro and micro levels of decision-making. The purpose is to look at how collective action decision-making processes affect the urban fabric and how social norms influence spatial organization at different levels. The study applies case study and spatial analysis approaches to investigate how the traditional settlements' spatial structure promotes peace among the inhabitants while also sustaining cultural traditions. The qualitative approach investigates how spatial arrangements influence behaviors, developing a better understanding of how residents interact with their surroundings. According to the study's findings, these spatial layouts sustain customs and assist communities in adapting to environmental changes by retaining cultural activities. The study identifies the significance of balancing development with the retention of important traditional values in the implementation of long-term urban conservation plans. Traditional Najdi towns can serve as urban design examples, emphasizing the need to acknowledge the distinct value of vernacular architecture in modern urban development while also fostering social cohesion.

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Predictive Role of Preoperative Nutritional Status on Early Postoperative Outcomes in Different-Aged Patients Undergoing Heart Valve Surgery.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to elucidate the role and predictive effects of preoperative nutritional status on postoperative outcomes across different age groups undergoing heart valve surgery.DESIGN: A retrospective study with intergroup comparison, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and logistic regression analysis.SETTING: A hospital affiliated with a medical university.PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand nine hundred five patients undergoing heart valve surgery between October 2016 and December 2020.INTERVENTIONS: None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients were categorized into 3 age subgroups: young (aged 18-44 years), middle-aged (aged 45-59 years), and older (aged ≥60 years) adults. The Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), Prognostic Nutritional Index, and Controlling Nutritional Status scores were evaluated. Young adults with an NRI <99 experienced a significantly higher rate of prolonged intensive care unit stay (28.3% v 4.1%, p < 0.001), with a relative risk of 4.58 (95% CI: 2.04-10.27). Similarly, young adults with an NRI <97 had a significantly increased occurrence of mortality within 30 days after surgery (6.3% v 0.2%, p < 0.001), with a relative risk of 41.11 (95% CI: 3.19-529.48).CONCLUSIONS: In patients who undergo heart valve surgery, early postoperative outcomes can be influenced by nutritional status before the surgery. In the young-adult group, NRI <99 and NRI <97 effectively could predict prolonged intensive care unit stay and 30-day mortality, respectively.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

The Geography of EU Discontent and the Regional Development Trap

Abstract: While in recent times many regions have flourished, many others are stuck-or are at risk of becoming stuck-in a development trap. Such regions experience decline in economic growth, employment, and productivity relative to their neighbors and to their own past trajectories. Prolonged periods in development traps are leading to political dissatisfaction and unrest. Such discontent is often translated into support for antisystem parties at the ballot box. In this article we study the link between the risk, intensity, and duration of regional development traps and the rise of discontent in the European Union (EU)-proxied by the support for Eurosceptic parties in national elections between 2013 and 2022-using an econometric analysis at a regional level. The results highlight the strong connection between being stuck in a development trap, often in middle- or high-income regions, and support for Eurosceptic parties. They also suggest that the longer the period of stagnation, the stronger the support for parties opposed to European integration. This relationship remains robust whether considering only the most extreme Eurosceptic parties or including parties with more moderate levels of Euroscepticism.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Field evaluation of the residual efficacy of new generation insecticides for potential use in indoor residual spray programmes in South Africa.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The decreasing residual efficacy of insecticides is an important factor when making decisions on insecticide choice for national malaria control programmes. The major challenge to using chemicals for vector control is the selection for the development of insecticide resistance. Since insecticide resistance has been recorded for most of the existing insecticides used for indoor residual spraying, namely, DDT, pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamates, and new chemicals are necessary for the continued success of indoor residual spraying. The aim of this study was to assess the residual efficacy of Actellic 300CS, SumiShield50WG and FludoraFusion by spraying on different wall surfaces.METHODS: One hundred and sixty-eight houses with different wall surface types (mud, cement, painted cement, and tin) which represented the rural house wall surface types in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were used to evaluate the residual efficacy of Actellic 300CS, SumiShield 50WG and FludoraFusion with DDT as the positive control. All houses were sprayed by experienced spray operators from the Malaria Control Programme. Efficacy of these insecticides were evaluated by contact bioassays against Anopheles arabiensis, a vector species. The residual efficacy of the insecticide formulations was evaluated against a susceptible insectary-reared population of An. arabiensis using WHO cone bioassays.RESULTS: Effectiveness of the three insecticides was observed up to 12months post-spray. When assessing the achievement of 100% mortality over time, SumiShield performed significantly better than DDT on mud (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.72-3.04) and painted cement wall types (OR 3.52, 95% CI 2.36-5.26). On cement wall types, Actellic was found to be less effective than DDT (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37-0.82) while FludoraFusion was less effective on tin wall types (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.95). When compared to the combined efficacy of DDT on mud surfaces, SumiShield applied to each of the mud, cement and painted cement wall types and DDT applied to the cement wall types was found to be significantly more effective. These insecticides usually resulted in 100% mortality for up to 12months with a delayed mortality period of 96-144h, depending on the insecticide evaluated and the surface type sprayed.CONCLUSION: Field evaluation of these insecticides have shown that Actellic, SumiShield and FludoraFusion are suitable replacements for DDT. Each of these insecticides can be used for malaria vector control, requiring just one spray round. These insecticides can be used in rotation or as mosaic spraying.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Practical Guide to Assessment Tool Development for Surgical Education Research

Abstract: This Guide to Statistics and Methods describes the process of validation and gathering validity evidence for assessment tool development for surgical education research.

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Variations in Suicide Risk and Risk Factors After Hospitalization for Depression in Finland, 1996-2017

Abstract: Importance Although incidence of suicide in depression varies remarkably temporally, risk factors have been modeled as constant and remain uncharted in the short term. How effectively factors measured at one point in time predict risk at different time points is unknown. Objective To examine the absolute risk and risk factors for suicide in hospitalized patients with depression starting from the first days after discharge up to 2 years and to evaluate whether the size of relative risk by factor displays temporal patterns over consecutive phases of follow-up. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based study using Finnish registers (hospital discharge, population, and cause of death registers) included all hospitalizations for depression as the principal diagnosis in Finland from 1996 to 2017, with a maximum follow-up of 2 years. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to November 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence rate (IR), IR ratios, hazard functions, and hazard ratios for suicide by consecutive time periods (0 to 3 days, 4 to 7 days, 7 to 30 days, 31 to 90 days, 91 to 365 days, and 1 to 2 years) since discharge. Results This study included 193 197 hospitalizations among 91 161 individuals, of whom 51 197 (56.2%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 44.0 (17.3) years. Altogether, patients were followed up to 226 615 person-years. A total of 1219 men and 757 women died of suicide. Incidence of suicide was extremely high during the first days after discharge (IR of 6062 [95% CI, 4963-7404] per 100 000 on days 0 to 3; IR of 3884 [95% CI, 3119-4835] per 100 000 on days 4 to 7) and declined thereafter. Several factors were associated with risk of suicide over the first days after discharge. Current suicide attempt by hanging or firearms increased the risk of suicide most on days 0 to 3 (IR ratio, 18.9; 95% CI, 3.1-59.8) and on days 0 to 7 (IR ratio, 10.1; 95% CI, 1.7-31.5). Temporal patterns of the size of the relative risk diverged over time, being constant, declining, or increasing. Clinical factors had the strongest association immediately. Relative risk remained constant among men and even increased among those with alcohol or substance use disorder. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, patients hospitalized for depression had extremely high risk of suicide during the first days after discharge. Thereafter, incidence declined steeply but remained high. Within the periods of the highest risk of suicide, several factors increased overall risk manyfold. Risk factors' observed potencies varied over time and had characteristic temporal patterns.

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Tracing the history of past treatments: A multi-analytical study of a 16th-century panel painting copy after Raphael

Abstract: A multi-analytical investigation and ad hoc sampling method designed to support the conservation treatment of a 16th-century panel painting are described in this work.The painting, titled Madonna of the Tent and owned by the Musei Reali Torino (Turin, Italy), had been historically attributed to Raffaello Sanzio and subsequently identified as a copy after the Master - the original version of which is displayed at the Alte Pinakothek in Munich (Germany). The conservation treatment was recently carried out at Centro per la Conservazione ed il Restauro dei Beni Culturali La Venaria Reale (CCR), located in Venaria Reale (Turin, Italy). The work was particularly opaque and yellowed, suggesting the presence of different overlaying varnishes and, likely, overpainting.The scientific study of this work had two main aims: knowing the exact number and composition of the overlaying varnishes to select the best cleaning solution, and detecting the possible presence of overpainting, over the original stratigraphy.Coupling macro X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF), hypercolorimetric multispectral imaging (HMI), and UV-vis-NIR fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) allowed for general mapping and characterization of color paints and pigments. Observing and analyzing some cross sections with an optical microscope under Vis and UV light and SEM/EDS was essential for understanding the stratigraphy. An ad hoc sampling method and further micro-invasive analyses were required for an accurate study of the chemical composition of the varnishes and their position in the stratigraphy. Especially the image of a cross section under UV light was a guide to selectively remove the scrapings for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses; based on perceptible differences in UV-induced luminescence (UVL) of the layers, sampling of the varnishes was carried out, layer by layer, under a UV lamp.This work describes the complex process necessary to answer crucial questions in the conservation field. The adopted protocol exploited the full ability and complementarity of each imaging and spot technique used. The outcomes and methodological approach enabled us to trace the history of the past treatments and support the recent conservation treatment of the painting.(c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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Literal Belonging: Safe Outdoor Spaces Modeling Oral History Making

Abstract: In this article, I cite oral history narratives donated by people living and working at Safe Outdoor Spaces (SOS)-sanctioned campsites in Denver, Colorado-to propose that SOS sites (which follow a harm reductionist stance, offer physical safety, and are largely staffed by peer navigators) offer a model for oral history making that takes place daily and off the record. As oral history projects contribute to representational belonging in archives and historical records, we might also consider the ways in which oral history making can create a belonging that is lived, inherent, and literal. By framing SOS sites as one possible living model for oral history making, this article demonstrates how oral history might shape not only our future understanding of the past but also the way our society lives in the present.

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Supporting youth mental health with arts-based strategies: a global perspective

Abstract: The devastating impact of youth mental health concerns is increasingly evident on a global scale. This crisis calls for innovative solutions that are sufficiently accessible, scalable, and cost-effective to support diverse communities around the world. One such solution involves engagement in the arts: incorporating and building upon existing local resources and cultural practices to bolster youth mental health. In this article, we describe the global youth mental health crisis and note major gaps in the knowledge and resources needed to address it. We then discuss the potential for arts- and culture-based strategies to help meet this challenge, review the mounting evidence regarding art's ability to support mental health, and call for action to undertake critical research and its translation into accessible community practices. Four steps are suggested: (1) elevate and prioritize youth voice, (2) develop core outcome measures, (3) identify and analyze successful models around the globe, and (4) generate clear funding pathways for research and translational efforts. Worldwide implementation of arts- and culture-based strategies to address youth mental health will provide critical resources to support the health, wellbeing and flourishing of countless youth across the globe.

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SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario, Canada, January 2020-January 2022.

Abstract: We estimated COVID-19 transmission potential and case burden by variant type in Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario, Canada, during January 23, 2020-January 27, 2022; we also estimated the effectiveness of public health interventions to reduce transmission. We estimated time-varying reproduction number (Rt) over 7-day sliding windows and nonoverlapping time-windows determined by timing of policy changes. We calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for each variant and compared rates to determine differences in burden among provinces. Rt corresponding with emergence of the Delta variant increased in all 3 provinces; British Columbia had the largest increase, 43.85% (95% credible interval [CrI] 40.71%-46.84%). Across the study period, IRR was highest for Omicron (8.74 [95% CrI 8.71-8.77]) and burden highest in Alberta (IRR1.80 [95% CrI 1.79-1.81]). Initiating public health interventions was associated with lower Rt and relaxing restrictions and emergence of new variants associated with increases in Rt.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Medical Response to the February 6, 2023, Earthquakes in Hatay: Challenges Faced in the Deadliest Disaster in the History of Türkiye

Abstract: Objective: The Kahramanmaras earthquakes struck the north-eastern part of Turkiye and Syria on February 6, 2023. It is well known that timely coordination and provision of emergency medical care in the field is particularly important to save lives after earthquakes. This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by medical responders on the ground.Methods: This exploratory-descriptive qualitative study was conducted in Hatay, the province most affected by the earthquakes. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and field observations, and then analyzed using thematic analysis approach.Results: The study was carried out with 15 first responders from the medical profession. The study revealed 9 themes of challenges faced by medical responders: providing safety and security, human resources management, meeting personal needs, recording data, communication, patient transport, burial procedures, psychological acumen, and logistical problems. Some problems were resolved after 72 h and some continued until day 7.Conclusions: Inadequate organization of volunteer health workers, communication breakdowns, and logistical problems are some of the main challenges. To address these issues, satellite phones and radio systems can be promoted, as well as disaster-resilient logistical planning and better coordination of volunteers.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Cost-Utility Analysis of the Port Delivery System with Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify the cost-utility ratio of the ranibizumab Port Delivery System (PDS; SUSVIMO) versus intravitreal ranibizumab injections for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) based upon Archway Phase 3 Trial data.DESIGN: Cost-utility analysis.SUBJECTS: Archway Phase 3 Clinical Trial nAMD participants previously responsive to anti-VEGF therapy were randomized 3:2. Two hundred forty received PDS refills q 24 weeks and 162 received ranibizumab injections.METHODS: Ophthalmic patient, time tradeoff utilities, direct medical and societal cost perspectives, 12-year, 1-year, and 5-year timelines, United States 2022 real dollars, and a 3% annual discount rate were employed. Utilities were adjusted for nAMD conversion in fellow eyes during the 12-year, mean participant life expectancy. Premature death associated with severe vision loss was integrated as per the population-based Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) accruals, costs, and incremental and average cost-utility ratios in $/QALY (dollars expended per QALY gained).RESULTS: Versus no therapy, the 1-year PDS QALY gain was 0.0156 (6.8%) versus 0.0063 (0.82%) for intravitreal injections (P < 0.001), whereas the respective 12-year QALY gains were 1.714 (28%) and 1.639 (26.8%) (P= 0.99). One-year direct PDS ophthalmic costs totaled $21 825 with 2 ranibizumab fills, whereas ranibizumab injection therapy totaled $18 405 with 11.8 injections. The 1-year incremental PDS $/QALY versus injections was cost effective at $75 497/QALY. Five-year PDS therapy was not incrementally cost effective at $304 108/QALY, nor was the 12-year therapy at $761 646/QALY. Average 12-year cost-utility ratios were $78773/QALY for the PDS and $47 917/QALY for injection therapy. Adding-$476 442 12-year offsetting societal costs netted $314 521 to society per PDS participant versus $370 958 per participant for injection therapy.CONCLUSIONS: Ranibizumab PDS therapy was not incrementally cost effective versus ranibizumab injection therapy at 12 or 5 years but was at 1 year. Injection therapy had a more favorable 12-year average cost-utility ratio. Vision gain was the major determinant of participant value gain and was the same for both interventions. Both interventions were highly cost effective utilizing average cost-utility analysis with the societal cost perspective.FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

USIR-Net: sand-dust image restoration based on unsupervised learning

Abstract: In sand-dust weather, the influence of sand-dust particles on imaging equipment often results in images with color deviation, blurring, and low contrast, among other issues. These problems making many traditional image restoration methods unable to accurately estimate the semantic information of the images and consequently resulting in poor restoration of clear images. Most current image restoration methods in the field of deep learning are based on supervised learning, which requires pairing and labeling a large amount of data, and the possibility of manual annotation errors. In light of this, we propose an unsupervised sand-dust image restoration network. The overall model adopts an improved CycleGAN to fit unpaired sand-dust images. Firstly, multiscale skip connections in the multiscale cascaded attention module are used to enhance the feature fusion effect after downsampling. Secondly, multi-head convolutional attention with multiple input concatenations is employed, with each head using different kernel sizes to improve the ability to restore detail information. Finally, the adaptive decoder-encoder module is used to achieve adaptive fitting of the model and output the restored image. According to the experiments conducted on the dataset, the qualitative and quantitative indicators of USIR-Net are superior to the selected comparison algorithms, furthermore, in additional experiments conducted on haze removal and underwater image enhancement, we have demonstrated the wide applicability of our model.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

An Epistemic Injustice Critique of Austin's Ordinary Language Epistemology

Abstract: J. L. Austin argues that ordinary language should be used to identify when it is appropriate or inappropriate to make, accept, or reject knowledge claims. I criticize Austin's account. In our ordinary life, we often accept justifications rooted in racism, sexism, ableism, and classism as reasons to dismiss knowledge claims or challenges, despite the fact such reasons are not good reasons. Austin's Ordinary Language Epistemology (OLE) inadvertently classifies the discounting of knowledge claims in classic cases of epistemic injustice as legitimate ordinary maneuvers. I provide recommendations for revision of OLE and offer a means of distinguishing between dismissals in cases of epistemic injustice and their legitimate counterparts.

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Comparing QUBO models for quantum annealing: integer encodings for permutation problems

Abstract: QUBO (quadratic unconstrained binary optimization) has become the modeling language for quantum annealing and quantum-inspired annealing solvers. We present different approaches in QUBO for the magic square problem and the quadratic assignment problem (QAP), which can be modeled by linear equations and a permutation constraint over integer variables. Different ways of encoding integers by Booleans in QUBO amount to models, the implementation of which could have very different performance. Experiments performed on the Fixstars Amplify Annealer Engine, a quantum-inspired annealing solver, show that, compared to the classical one-hot encoding, using unary encoding for integers performs slightly better for the QAP and much better for magic square.

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Experiment-driven rationalism

Abstract: Philosophers debate about which logical system, if any, is the One True Logic. This involves a disagreement concerning the sufficient conditions that may single out the correct logic among various candidates. This paper discusses whether there are necessary conditions for the correct logic; that is, I discuss whether there are features such that if a logic is correct, then it has those features, although having them might not be sufficient to single out the correct logic. Traditional rationalist arguments suggest that the necessary conditions of thought are necessary and sufficient conditions singling out the correct logical and mathematical theories. In the contemporary debate, Chalmers advocates a view along this line. Jago, analogously, suggests that the necessary conditions for thought-or, as he calls them, our basic epistemic expectations-single out a family of logical and mathematical theories. Warren and Williamson, on the other hand, argue that there are no necessary conditions of thought. I argue that there are necessary conditions for thought, and these are necessary but not sufficient conditions to be the correct logic; indeed, these are features that all logics-correct or incorrect-share. No view we can understand is ruled out by the necessary conditions for thought, but we cannot understand quite any view. Human linguistic and conceptual abilities are genetically constrained, and these constraints are our best guide to the boundaries of logic. Arguing for this, I tackle two dogmas of modern rationalism: namely, the view that the biological constraints of human cognition have no bearing on the boundaries of the epistemic space, and the view that the boundaries of thought coincide with the boundaries of language.

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Does Transportation Infrastructure Construction Enhance Enterprise Innovation Resilience in China?

Abstract: With increasing uncertainty and ambiguity in the external business environment, the risks and challenges faced by enterprises also increase accordingly; resilience has become a necessary characteristic for the evolution and upgrading of enterprise innovation systems, and improving enterprise innovation resilience becomes the key for enterprises to establish sustainable competitive advantages and achieve sustainable development. Based on the panel data of Chinese listed companies and cities, we employ the common factor method to measure enterprise innovation resilience and explore the impact of transportation infrastructure construction on enterprise innovation resilience. The results reveal that, firstly, enterprise innovation resilience shows an overall upward trend, but there is a certain degree of temporal-spatial and industrial disparity. Secondly, transportation infrastructure construction, represented by HSR opening, can significantly improve enterprise innovation resilience. However, this effect performs the following heterogeneity: (1) Regionally, the promotion effect is more obvious in eastern regions, central cities, and non-central cities within 107 km and 764 km away from the central city. (2) For enterprises, compared to state-owned enterprises and non-high-tech industries, transportation infrastructure construction has a greater effect in non-state-owned enterprises and high-tech industries. (3) The higher the degree of centrality and closeness centrality, the more obvious the promotion effect of transportation infrastructure construction. Finally, mechanism tests show that enterprise resource acquisition and resource allocation abilities are important channels for transportation infrastructure construction, to enhance enterprise innovation resilience.

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Cancer care coordination in rural Hawaii: a focus group study

Abstract: Background Rural populations consistently experience a disproportionate burden of cancer, including higher incidence and mortality rates, compared to the urban populations. Factors that are thought to contribute to these disparities include limited or lack of access to care and challenges with care coordination (CC). In Hawaii, many patients residing in rural areas experience unique challenges with CC as they require inter-island travel for their cancer treatment. In this focus group study, we explored the specific challenges and positive experiences that impact the CC in rural Hawaii cancer patients.Methods We conducted two semi-structured focus group interviews with cancer patients receiving active treatment for any type of cancer (n = 8). The participants were recruited from the rural areas of Hawaii, specifically the Hawaii county and Kauai. Rural was defined using the Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes (RUCA; rural >= 4). The focus group discussions were facilitated using open-ended questions to explore patients' experiences with CC.Results Content analysis revealed that 47% of the discussions were related to CC-related challenges, including access to care (27.3%), insurance (9.1%), inter-island travel (6.1%), and medical literacy (4.5%). Other major themes from the discussions focused on facilitators of CC (30.3%), including the use of electronic patient portal (12.1%), team-based approach (9.1%), family caregiver support (4.5%), and local clinic staff (4.5%).Conclusion Our findings indicate that there are notable challenges in rural patients' experiences regarding their cancer care coordination. Specific factors such as the lack of oncologist and oncology services, fragmented system, and the lack of local general medical providers contribute to problems with access to care. However, there are also positive factors found through the help of facilitators of CC, notability the use of electronic patient portal, team-based approach, family caregiver support, and local clinic staff. These findings highlight potential targets of interventions to improve cancer care delivery for rural patients.Trial Registration Not required.

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Visual attention patterns during a gaze following task in neurogenetic syndromes associated with unique profiles of autistic traits: Fragile X and Cornelia de Lange syndromes.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Gaze following difficulties are considered an early marker of autism, thought likely to cumulatively impact the development of social cognition, language and social skills. Subtle differences in gaze following abilities may contribute to the diverse range social and communicative autistic characteristics observed across people with genetic syndromes, such as Cornelia de Lange (CdLS) and fragile X (FXS) syndromes.AIMS: To compare profiles of 1) visual attention to the eye region at critical points of the attention direction process, 2) whether children follow the gaze cue to the object, and 3) participant looking time to the target object following the gaze cue between groups and conditions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children with CdLS (N=11) and FXS (N=8) and autistic (N=22) and neurotypical (N=15) children took part in a passive viewing paradigm adapted from Senju and Csibra (2008), in which videos of a central cue (ball/cartoon face/human face) directed attention towards one of two objects. Visual attention patterns were recorded via eye tracking technology.RESULTS: Neurotypical children were used as a reference group against which the autistic, CdLS and FXS groups were compared. Although autistic children looked at the eye region for significantly less time, they looked at the target object as frequently and for a similar duration as neurotypical children. Children with FXS looked at the target as frequently as neurotypical children but looked at it for comparatively less time. Both neurotypical children and children with CdLS frequently looked at the eye region, but children with CdLS were less likely to look at the target than neurotypical children.CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide preliminary evidence of unique patterns of visual attention and gaze following strategies in children with CdLS, children with FXS and autistic children. These unique gaze following patterns may underpin the distinct profiles of social and communication autistic traits observed between these groups.

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Application of Automaticity Theory in Construction

Abstract: Automaticity, an essential skill attribute, develops when an activity is performed without requiring attention. Despite its importance, little is known about the implications of automaticity in the construction industry. To address this gap, this study investigated the development of automaticity during a repetitive construction task. Recruiting 28 subjects to participate in a laboratory roofing-installation experiment repeated across four trial days, this study examined traditional metrics of the primary (installation) task's duration and accuracy as well as nontraditional metrics of a concurrent secondary (memory) task's score to examine performance measures diagnostically indicative of automaticity. The results revealed that there were significant improvements in the primary task's mean duration and accuracy and the secondary task's mean performance score from the experiment's first trial day to every other day, an indication that, with repeated practice, automaticity-induced performance improves. Because these automatic performance measures provide an index for evaluating feature-based improvements indicative of automaticity, this study argues that such performance measures capture automaticity developing during repetitive construction activities. Given that practitioners are interested in training workers to achieve automaticity to increase their productivity and multitasking skills, the results of this study provide methods for testing training effectiveness and the extent to which workers have developed automaticity.

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Routinizing and scrutinizing: Divergent yet potentially complementary modes of valuing money's material forms

Abstract: This essay contrasts and explores the complementarity between routinizing modes of valuation (relating money tokens to monetary value) that predominate in the contemporary global north with scrutinizing modes found in the past and on the periphery of more familiar forms. The former treat the relationship between pecuniary media and money value as independent from the physical condition of specific money tokens which are held to be universally fungible. By contrast, the latter foreground the characteristics of notes and coins as singularized objects that exist within and are potentially reconfigured semiotically by the workings of time upon their physical surfaces. Scrutinizing modes may in turn be divided between systems that seek pristine money tokens that elide their own historicity and those that treat wear and tear as indexical of previous instances of successful valuation. Ultimately the essay identifies three provisional ideal typical modes for practices of money's valuation. Two of these, the systems of routinization in the contemporary global north and of circulation-focal scrutinization, might be taken to be antithetical. By contrast, the third, the hybrid routinizing-scrutinizing model(s) we encounter on the peripheries of the contemporary state-money system or anywhere confidence about money's value starts to break down highlights the potential coexistence and complementarity of different monies within a single disjunctive system. Such complementarity often takes the form of routinized low value and scrutinized high value currencies, yet local, historically sedimented practices are foremost in the formation of such hybrid forms. Examples are drawn from nineteenth century America and China and from contemporary Southeast Asia.

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Use and Effectiveness of Academic Supports After Developmental Education Reform in California's Community Colleges

Abstract: AB705 is a landmark higher education policy that has changed approaches to developmental/remedial education in the California Community College system. We study one district that implemented reforms by placing most students in transfer-level math/English courses and encouraging enrollment in support courses based on multiple measures of academic preparation (e.g., grade point average [GPA]). We use regression discontinuity designs to examine the impact of these new placement recommendations, finding some benefits to English support course recommendations for low GPA students and increased math support course enrollment. We use matching methods to explore the relationship between support course enrollment and subsequent outcomes; finding enrollment in concurrent math and English support courses was associated with increased likelihood of completing transfer-level math and English.

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Analysis of the Flattening on Bi-2212 Wires Due to the Cabling Process and Its Effect on Their Performances

Abstract: Bi-2212 superconducting round wire is one of the candidates for the development of magnets with fields largely above 20 T. One of the most crucial aspects is the possible wire degradation occurring in the cabling process, a mandatory step to achieve a very high current and essential for high field magnets. Here we report a general study on the performance's behaviour of Bi-2212 round wires following a deformation similar to that arising during the cabling assembly. Furthermore, we propose a preliminary 2D Finite Element Model to simulate the mechanical deformation that can be valuable to gain useful information for the development of high-quality cables. In the end, Bi-2212 wires we made and test don't show degradation, consistently with the results of the proposed model which confirms the reliability of the adopted assumptions.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Recovering seldom-used theorems of vector calculus and their application to problems of electromagnetism

Abstract: In this paper, we use differential forms to prove a number of theorems of integral vector calculus that are rarely found in textbooks. Two of them, as far as the author knows, have not been published before. Some possible applications to problems in physics are shared including a general approach for computing net forces and torques on current-carrying loops that yields insights that are not evident from the standard approach.

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Occurrence and fate of N-nitrosamines in full-scale domestic wastewater treatment plants and their impact on receiving waters along the Lijiang River, China

Abstract: Domestic wastewaters contaminated with N-nitrosamines pose a significant threat to river ecosystems worldwide, particularly in urban areas with riparian cities. Despite widespread concern, the precise impact of these contaminants on receiving river waters remains uncertain. This study investigated eight N-nitrosamines in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and their adjacent receiving river, the Lijiang River in Guilin City, Southwest China. By analyzing thirty wastewater samples from five full-scale WWTPs and twenty-three river water samples from Guilin, we quantified the mass loads of N-nitrosamines discharged into the surrounding watershed via domestic effluents. The results revealed that N-nitrosodimethylamine (10-60 ng/L), N-nitro- sodiethylamine (3.4-22 ng/L), and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (not detected-4.5 ng/g) were predominant in influents, effluents, and sludge, respectively, with the overall removal efficiencies ranging from 17.7 to 65.6% during wastewater treatment. Cyclic activated sludge system and ultraviolet disinfection were effective in removing N-nitrosamines (rates of 59.6% and 24.3%), while chlorine dioxide disinfection promoted their formation. A total of 30.4 g/day of N-nitrosamine mass loads were observed in the Lijiang River water, with domestic effluents contributing about 31.3% (19.4 g/day), followed by livestock breeding wastewater (34.5%, 12.0 g/day), and unknown sources (24.7%, 7.5 g/day). These findings highlight the critical role of WWTPs in transporting N- nitrosamines to watersheds and emphasize the urgent need for further investigation into other potential sources of N-nitrosamine pollution within watersheds.

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New Data for Asymmetric Core Reduction in Western Tian Shan Piedmonts: The Ertash Sai 2 Open-Air Site

Abstract: This study describes a multi-proxy approach toward a newly discovered open-air loess site, Ertash Sai 2, located in the western piedmonts of the Tian Shan in Uzbekistan. Technological analyzes enabled the identification of an asymmetric core reduction scheme accompanied by a Levallois-like predetermined knapping scheme, along with the production of truncated-faceted pieces and burin-cores. Moreover, the results show a direct relationship between the presence of truncated-faceted pieces or burin-cores and both core reduction schemes, as long as truncated-faceted pieces were mostly produced from debordant blades and flakes. Chronostratigraphic studies enabled the precise chronology of the assemblage to be determined as 68-57 ka BP. This raises questions about the origins of traits usually associated with the Initial Upper Palaeolithic in Central Asia and their roots in local Levallois-based assemblages.

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Preserving enough? A randomised controlled trial approach to determine relevant urban planning regulations for small touristic towns - A case of Chiloe, Chile

Abstract: Rapid tourism growth in small towns of unique cultural heritage often leads to sudden building renovation and infrastructure expansion, which can compromise their attractiveness. The typically under-resourced urban planning departments of the Global South face a complicated task in establishing planning regulations that can preserve a town's identity while accommodating these rapid transformations. This requires a delicate regulatory equilibrium - too restrictive an urban plan could hinder investment and local growth, while a less restricted approach risks destroying a town's heritage, identity, and touristic appeal. This study presents a randomised controlled trial in which residents and tourists rate a town's visual identity using photo simulations of 27 different planning regulation scenarios, drawing from a real-life conservation plan on the island of Chiloe (Chile). We test the effectiveness of this method for identifying which building regulations are relevant for preserving a town's identity. This low-cost and rapidly implemented method may complement the work of urban planners in setting the regulatory framework for conservation.

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BrainSwarming, blockchain, and bioethics: applying Innovation Enhancing Techniques to healthcare and research

Abstract: Innovation in healthcare and biomedicine is in decline, yet there exist no widely-known alternatives to traditional brainstorming that can be employed for innovative idea generation. McCaffrey's Innovation Enhancing Techniques (IETs) were developed to enhance creative problem-solving by helping the solver to overcome common psychological obstacles to generating innovative ideas. These techniques were devised for engineering and design problems, which involve solving practical goals using physical materials. Healthcare and science problems however often involve solving abstract goals using intangible resources. Here we adapt two of McCaffrey's IETs, BrainSwarming and the Generic Parts Technique, to effectively enhance idea generation for such problems. To demonstrate their potential, we apply these techniques to a case study involving the use of blockchain technologies to facilitate ethical goals in biomedicine, and successfully identify 100 potential solutions to this problem. Being simple to understand and easy to implement, these and other IETs have significant potential to improve innovation and idea generation in healthcare, scientific, and technological contexts. By catalysing idea generation in problem-solving, these techniques may be used to target the innovative stagnation currently facing the scientific world.

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Geopolitical EU? The EU's Wartime Assistance to Ukraine

Abstract: This article explores the European Union's (EU's) assistance to Ukraine through the lens of critical geopolitics with a view to ascertaining whether the EU has become more geopolitical in its thinking and actions towards Eastern Europe. Our findings point to a mixed picture. Whilst the EU 'mindscape' appears to have shifted in relation to Eastern Europe, Ukraine and itself as an actor in the region, it is less apparent that the EU's foreign and security policy action has become geopoliticised. The 2022 Russian invasion has certainly seen a step change from the hesitant and self-conscious approach that characterised the EU's engagement with Eastern Europe prior to 2022. However, declarations such as that by the High Representative and Vice President of the European Commission (HRVP) around the 'birth of geopolitical Europe' appear to be somewhat premature, as there is limited evidence at this stage that the EU is willing to provide leadership on the geospatial (re)ordering of the region.

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Health policy implications of corporate social responsibility provisions in international investment agreements.

Abstract: Objective: To analyse and classify inclusions of corporate social responsibility in international investment agreements, especially inclusions with reference to public health.Method: We extracted the text of international investment agreements containing corporate social responsibility inclusions from the Electronic Database of Investment Treaties. We conducted a documentary analysis of the corporate social responsibility inclusions, and we developed a typology categorizing inclusions based on level of detail and reference to international commitments.Findings: Of the 3816 agreements signed as of October 2023, 127 agreements contain corporate social responsibility inclusions. Since the first inclusion of corporate social responsibility in 2008, the percentage of agreements containing such inclusion signed each year has steadily increased from 4.6% (4/86) in 2008 to 42.8% (21/49) in 2018 and 33.3% (3/9) in 2023. Using the typology we developed, we categorized the level of detail as follows: nine were minimal, 27 were low, 35 were low-medium, 107 were medium, 11 were medium-high and seven were high. Health is mentioned in 36 of these inclusions.Conclusion: This analysis indicates that international investment agreements increasingly incorporate a high level of detail on expectations regarding investors' corporate social responsibility. Such provisions offer a potential tool to increase government guidance and accountability of global corporations, including with respect to governments' public health objectives.Objectif: Analyser et classer les dispositions relatives a la responsabilite sociale des entreprises dans les accords internationaux dinvestissement, en particulier celles relatives a la sante publique.Methodes: Nous avons extrait de la Base de donnees electronique des traites dinvestissement (EDIT) le texte daccords internationaux dinvestissement contenant des dispositions relatives a la responsabilite sociale des entreprises. Nous avons effectue une analyse documentaire des dispositions relatives a la responsabilite sociale des entreprises et avons elabore une typologie classant ces dispositions selon leur niveau de detail et leur reference a des engagements internationaux.Resultats: Sur les 3816 accords signes en date doctobre 2023, 127 contiennent des dispositions relatives a la responsabilite sociale des entreprises. Depuis linclusion de la premiere disposition de responsabilite sociale des entreprises en 2008, le pourcentage daccords signes chaque annee et contenant ce type de disposition a augmente regulierement, passant de 4,6 % (4/86) en 2008 a 42,8% (21/49) en 2018 et 33,3% (3/9) en 2023. A laide de la typologie que nous avons elaboree, nous avons classe le niveau de detail comme suit : neuf niveaux de detail etaient minimes, 27 etaient faibles, 35 etaient faibles a moyens, 107 etaient moyens, 11 etaient moyens a eleves et sept etaient eleves. La sante est mentionnee dans 36 de ces dispositions.Conclusion: Cette analyse indique que les accords internationaux dinvestissement integrent de plus en plus souvent un niveau eleve de details sur les attentes en matiere de responsabilite sociale des entreprises. Ces dispositions constituent un outil potentiel pour renforcer les orientations gouvernementales et la responsabilite des entreprises internationales, notamment en ce qui concerne les objectifs de sante publique des gouvernements.Objetivo: Analizar y clasificar las inclusiones de la responsabilidad social empresarial en los acuerdos internacionales de inversion, en especial las inclusiones con referencia a la salud publica.Metodo: Se extrajo de la Base de Datos Electronica de Tratados de Inversion el texto de los acuerdos internacionales de inversion que incluian la responsabilidad social empresarial. Se realizo un analisis documental de las inclusiones de la responsabilidad social empresarial y se elaboro una tipologia que clasifica las inclusiones en funcion del nivel de detalle y la referencia a los compromisos internacionales.Resultados: De los 3816acuerdos firmados hasta octubre de 2023, 127acuerdos contienen inclusiones de responsabilidad social empresarial. Desde la primera inclusion de la responsabilidad social empresarial en 2008, el porcentaje de acuerdos firmados cada ano que contienen esta inclusion ha aumentado de manera constante, pasando del 4,6% (4/86) en 2008 al 42,8% (21/49) en 2018 y al 33,3% (3/9) en 2023. Mediante la tipologia que se desarrollo, se categorizo el nivel de detalle de la siguiente manera: nueve fueron minimos, 27 fueron bajos, 35 fueron bajos-medios, 107 fueron medios, 11 fueron medios-altos y siete fueron altos. La salud se menciona en 36 de estas inclusiones.Conclusion: Este analisis indica que los acuerdos internacionales de inversion incorporan cada vez mas un alto nivel de detalle sobre las expectativas en materia de responsabilidad social empresarial de los inversores. Estas disposiciones ofrecen una herramienta potencial para aumentar la orientacion de los gobiernos y la rendicion de cuentas de las empresas mundiales, incluso con respecto a los objetivos de salud publica de los gobiernos.الغرض: تحليل وتصنيف حالات تضمين المسؤولية الاجتماعية للشركات في اتفاقيات الاستثمار الدولية، وخاصة التي تتعلق بالصحة العامة.الطريقة: قمنا باستخراج نصوص اتفاقيات الاستثمار الدولية، التي تحتوي على شروط تضمين المسؤولية الاجتماعية للشركات، من قاعدة البيانات الإلكترونية لمعاهدات الاستثمار. وأجرينا تحليلاً وثائقيًا لحالات تضمين المسؤولية الاجتماعية للشركات، وقمنا بتطوير نمط لتصنيف حالات التضمين بناءً على مستوى التفاصيل، والإشارة إلى الالتزامات الدولية.النتائج: من بين 3816 اتفاقية تم التوقيع عليها منذ أكتوبر/تشرين أول 2023، هناك 127 اتفاقية تحتوي على حالات تضمين للمسؤولية الاجتماعية للشركات. منذ أول تضمين للمسؤولية الاجتماعية للشركات في عام 2008، فإن نسبة الاتفاقيات الموقعة كل عام التي تحتوي على هذا التضمين، زادت بشكل مطرد من %4.6 (4/86) في عام 2008، إلى %42.8 (21/49) في عام 2018، و%33.3 (3/ 9) في عام 2023. وباستخدام النمط الذي طورناه، قمنا بتصنيف مستوى التفاصيل كما يلي: 9 بسيطة، و27 منخفضة، و35 منخفضة إلى متوسطة، و107 متوسطة، و11 متوسطة إلى مرتفعة، و7 مرتفعة. وتمت الإشارة إلى الصحة في 36 من حالات التضمين تلك.الاستنتاج: يشير هذا التحليل إلى أن اتفاقيات الاستثمار الدولية تتضمن بشكل متزايد مستوى عالٍ من التفاصيل حول التوقعات المتعلقة بالمسؤولية الاجتماعية لشركات المستثمرين. توفر مثل هذه الفقرات أداة محتملة لزيادة التوجيه الحكومي، ومساءلة الشركات العالمية، بما في ذلك ما يتعلق بأهداف الصحة العامة للحكومات.目的: 分析国际投资协议中企业社会责任的内容并对其进行分类，特别是与公共卫生相关的内容。.方法: 我们从投资条约电子数据库中摘录了包含企业社会责任内容的国际投资协议的文本。我们对企业社会责任内容进行了文献分析，并根据详细程度和对国际承诺的参考，开发了一种类型分类法。.结果: 在截至 2023 年 10 月签署的 3816 份协议中，有 127 份协议包含企业社会责任内容。自 2008 年首次纳入企业社会责任以来，每年签署的包含企业社会责任的协议的比例稳步上升，从 2008 年的 4.6% (4/86) 上升到 2018 年的 42.8% (21/49) 和 2023 年的 33.3% (3/9)。使用我们开发的类型分类法，我们对详细程度进行了分类，如下：9 个为最低，27 个为较低，35 个为中低，107 个为中等，11 个为中高，7 个为较高。其中 36 项协议提到了健康。.结论: 这一分析表明，国际投资协议越来越多地纳入了对投资者的企业社会责任的期望的高度详细的内容。这些条款提供了潜在的工具，可以加强政府对国际公司的指导和问责，包括关于政府的公共卫生目标方面。.Цель: Проанализировать и классифицировать включения корпоративной социальной ответственности в международные инвестиционные договоры, в частности включения в отношении общественного здравоохранения.Методы: Из электронной базы данных инвестиционных соглашений были извлечены тексты международных инвестиционных договоров, содержащих положения о корпоративной социальной ответственности. Проведен документальный анализ включений, касающихся корпоративной социальной ответственности, и разработана типология, классифицирующая включения по степени детализации и ссылкам на международные обязательства.Результаты: Из 3816соглашений, подписанных по состоянию на октябрь 2023года, 127соглашений содержат положения о корпоративной социальной ответственности. С момента первого включения корпоративной социальной ответственности в 2008году доля подписываемых ежегодно соглашений с таким включением неуклонно росла: с4,6%(4/86) в2008году до42,8%(21/49) в2018году и 33,3%(3/9) в2023году. На основе разработанной типологии уровень детализации был распределен следующим образом: девять- минимальный, 27- низкий, 35- низкий-средний, 107- средний, 11- средний-высокий и семь- высокий. Информация о здоровье упоминается в36 из этих включений.Вывод: Результаты проведенного анализа свидетельствуют о том, что в международных инвестиционных договорах все чаще встречается высокая степень детализации ожиданий в отношении корпоративной социальной ответственности инвесторов. Такие положения являются возможным инструментом для усиления государственного руководства и подотчетности глобальных корпораций, в том числе в отношении целей правительства в области общественного здравоохранения.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Turtles for the ancestors: A zooarchaeological study of ritual deposits on Fakahina, Tuamotu archipelago (French Polynesia)

Abstract: Rituals and feasting ceremonies at Polynesian marae depict culturally complex relationships between humans and animals that cannot be explained by subsistence alone. In Central-East Polynesia, this topic still requires the elaboration of a ritual zooarchaeology framework. Using sea turtle assemblages from three sacred sites on Fakahina atoll (Tuamotu), this study offers a preliminary approach to faunal deposits from ritual contexts. Following systematic excavations of marae on Fakahina, analysis aimed to determine whether faunal deposits could be linked with intentional feasting and offering behaviours. To detect how ritual actions were organised through space, skeletal and taphonomic variables were examined for both overall sites and sub-assemblages within sites based on the spatial associations of fauna with site features.At certain site features, derived quantitative units such as %MAU and recovery rate could identify potential offering behaviours through the intentional sorting of culturally significant body parts. The taphonomic signatures of site features could also identify open or closed deposition environments, assisting with the identification of disturbed features as either exposed platforms or enclosed cists. In addition to highlighting previously undocumented complexity in the use of site features, an overall comparison of turtle remains from the three sites shows the potential of these methods to explore variation in ritual practices.Les rituels et festins ceremoniels conduits sur les marae polynesiens refletent des relations hommes-animaux complexes depassant le cadre de la simple subsistance. Neanmoins, ce sujet de recherche en Polynesie centre-orientale requiert l'elaboration d'un cadre d'analyse, autrement dit une archeozoologie du rituel. Se basant sur des assemblages de tortues de trois sites sacres sur l'atoll de Fakahina (archipel des Tuamotu), cette etude cherche a determiner si les depots fauniques peuvent etre mis en rapport avec des comportements de consommation ceremonielle ou d'offrandes. Afin de reconstituer l'organisation spatiale des actions rituelles, nous examinons les variations squelettiques et taphonomiques aux echelles inter et intra-sites.Dans certaines structures, les analyses quantitatives (Minimal Animal Unit, Recovery rate) ont permis d'identifier des comportements rituels au travers du depot intentionnel de parties importantes de l'animal. Les signatures taphonomiques contribuent egalement a distinguer des environnements de depot ouverts ou fermes. Cette etude revele non seulement une complexite de gestes jusqu'a present pas documentes archeologiquement, mais aussi le potentiel de notre approche pour explorer les variations de pratiques rituelles entre sites.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Visualizing the Maximum Energy Zone of Wind Turbines Operating at Time-Varying Wind Speeds

Abstract: Wind turbines are one of the leading renewable sources of electricity. They are located in areas where the energy potential of the wind is high and more or less permanent. Their efficient operation depends on certain technical characteristics of the entire wind system (wind turbines, generator, automation system, regulation, and control). This paper analyses experimental data from wind turbines, WT, in the Dobrogea area: wind speed, v, velocity, n, and power, PEG, at the electric generator, EG. These are used to identify the local maxima of wind turbine power at different wind speeds. Based on this, a mathematical model for wind turbines and the power losses caused by inefficient control are determined. The mathematical model is used to visualize the maximum energy zones. At the end of this study, an algorithm is given that allows for the visualization of the optimal energy zone. The algorithm resulting from the analyzed case studies can be implemented by the control system in order to maximize the produced electricity with any variation in wind speed.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Why Do People Attack Military Statues? A National Survey in New Zealand

Abstract: Military statues are being attacked and removed in multiple countries, but there is little analytic work on the associated reasons. Therefore, this research aimed to conduct a nationwide survey of outdoor military statues in a case study country (New Zealand) and identify reasons for attacks. Of the 118 statues identified, 11 (9%) of these had been physically attacked. A key risk factor for statue attack was it being linked to the colonial-era New Zealand Wars versus any other specific war (75% vs 8%, p = .003). This finding fitted with other evidence from attacks on statues of named New Zealanders (e.g. politicians) and on attacks of other types of monuments to these particular wars. It is also consistent with past and persisting injustices experienced by the Indigenous M & amacr;ori population. In conclusion, some of the attacks on the military statues in this country appear to reflect social injustices and harm from colonialism.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Perspectives on supporting Veterans' social needs during hospital to home health transitions: findings from the Transitions Nurse Program

Abstract: Background Veterans who need post-acute home health care (HHC) are at risk for adverse outcomes and unmet social needs. Veterans' social needs could be identified and met by community-based HHC clinicians due to their unique perspective from the home environment, acuity of Veterans they serve, and access to Veterans receiving community care. To understand these needs, we explored clinician, Veteran, and care partner perspectives to understand Veterans' social needs during the transition from hospital to home with skilled HHC.Methods Qualitative data were collected through individual interviews with Veterans Health Administration (VHA) inpatient & community HHC clinicians, Veterans, and care partners who have significant roles facilitating Veterans' hospital to home with HHC transition. To inform implementation of a care coordination quality improvement intervention, participants were asked about VHA and HHC care coordination and Veterans' social needs during these transitions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed inductively using thematic analysis and results were organized deductively according to relevant transitional care domains (Discharge Planning, Transition to Home, and HHC Delivery).Results We conducted 35 interviews at 4 VHA Medical Centers located in Western, Midwestern, and Southern U.S. regions during March 2021 through July 2022. We organized results by the three care transition domains and related themes by VHA, HHC, or Veteran/care partner perspective. Our themes included (1) how social needs affected access to HHC, (2) the need for social needs screening during hospitalization, (3) delays in HHC for Veterans discharged from community hospitals, and (4) a need for closed-loop communication between VHA and HHC to report social needs.Conclusions HHC is an underexplored space for Veterans social needs detection. While this research is preliminary, we recommend two steps forward from this work: (1) develop closed-loop communication and education pathways with HHC and (2) develop a partnership to integrate a social risk screener into HHC pathways.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Kerpiç production and environmental dynamics in an early sedentary community: micromorphological evidence from Aşıklı Höyük, Central Anatolia (Turkey)

Abstract: This article illustrates how changes in the sediment source, tempering strategies, and shaping process in early Neolithic earthen architecture in Asikli Hoyuk have a major impact on many aspects of techno-environmental know-how traces. Archaeological micromorphology analyses of sun-dried mudbricks (in Turkey, called a specific term: kerpic), mortars, daub, and their paleoenvironmental contexts were used to examine the tempo and modes of exploitation of the local environment, and chaine operatoire of kerpic and mortar recipes, and the possible reasons behind the relationships among material choices, building forms, and wall construction techniques of the earlier inhabitants in Central Anatolia during the establishment of the early settlement, i.e., 8400-7750 BCE. The nature of and changes in the built environment can be traced especially through the mortar recipes that provide various insights into the agro-pastoral activities at the site, including middens, open areas, and penning deposits. During the early Neolithic occupation at Asikli Hoyuk, vegetal tempering occurred as a micro-invention and was developed in relation to the management of fecal and domestic waste used in construction materials. Furthermore, the variability of tempering strategies can be regarded as a cognitive development that resulted from the long-term learning and experimentation background of the Asikli people in kerpic production. The main motivation behind these changes and testing of the recipes was the need for more durable and long-lasting construction of earthen buildings as used by this early sedentary community in the region.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Professionalisation and performance of Airbnb hosts in rural regions

Abstract: This paper explores the professionalisation and performance aspects of Airbnb hosts in rural regions in Denmark, Iceland, and Norway. More specifically, based upon the professionalisation of hosts, which represents a proxy for the scale of their entrepreneurial engagement, the host landscape in the rural regions is investigated, resulting in different host profiles, including individual single- and multiple-listing hosts, and small and large tourism companies. The paper subsequently estimates the service quality performance of Airbnb hosts in relation to their professionalisation in rural regions through a u-shaped relationship, with the professionalisation influencing the performance evaluation of the hosts by the users. This twofold empirical analysis amends the extant literature, as it provides both a more nuanced and more comprehensive description of the nature and scale of Airbnb host engagement in rural regions, and points to the vast entrepreneurial opportunities for private households and companies on the platform.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Colorimetric similarity evaluation methodology for heterogeneous rock surfaces using digital imaging

Abstract: Constituent rocks of Cultural Heritage monuments and buildings are of mixed mineral compositions. For materials with homogeneous color properties, colorimetric evaluation is a well-established task. The colorimetric similarity of heterogeneous surfaces is difficult to measure due to the uneven distribution of minerals with different colors. The present work proposes a methodology for color difference calculation, exemplified on granite samples. The methodology proposed includes a technique to divide the rock images into color profiles using multivariate analysis and clustering. The differences between rock samples are evaluated (i) in average color profile distances, (ii) in the tone difference, and (iii) in the color profile distribution on the surface. The method proposed is appropriate for in-situ measurements using widely available digital imaging. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Opioid Use Disorder among Hospitalized Adults in North Carolina: Analysis from the 2000-2020 NC State Inpatient Database

Abstract: Objectives: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is characterized as a chronic condition that was first outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and now the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision. It encompasses frequent opioid usage, cravings, the development of tolerance, withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation, unsuccessful attempts to quit or reduce use, and recurrent use even when faced with negative consequences. Both national- and state-level data show that overdose deaths associated with prescription opioids are increasing at an alarming rate. The increasing overdose deaths from illicitly manufactured fentanyl and other synthetic opioids compound this epidemic's burden. The present study sought to determine the prevalence and potential factors associated with OUD in North Carolina. Methods: Using the State Inpatient Database, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to identify OUD-related discharges between 2000 and 2020. Descriptive statistics and rates of OUD per 1000 discharges were calculated. Simple and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with increased odds of having an opioid use disorder diagnosis at discharge. The deviance-Pearson goodness of fit statistic was also used. Variables were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification, codes in the discharge records. Results: Of 19,370,483 hospitalizations that occurred between 2000 and 2020 in North Carolina, 483,250 were associated with OUD, a prevalence rate of 24.9 cases per 1000 discharges. The highest OUD rates were seen among adults who self-paid for their hospitalization, those with Medicaid, and those with other types of payors such as Workers' Compensation and the Indian Health Service; individuals between 25 and 54 years old; tobacco and alcohol users; Native American patients; patients located in urban areas; patients with lower household income; White patients; and female patients. OUD also was associated with increased odds of having one or more comorbid psychiatric disorders when controlling for other factors. Conclusions: Although preventive measures are crucial, including policies that discourage prescribing opioids for noncancer pain and those that target the manufacturing and distribution of synthetic opioids, providing integrated care for patients with OUD and co-occurring psychiatric and/or physical disorders is equally important. These findings suggest the need for a system-wide public health response focused on the expansion of primary prevention and treatment efforts, including crisis services, harm reduction services, and recovery programs.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Prevalence and associated factors of neurocognitive disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in the South Gondar zone primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of neurocognitive disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in South Gondar primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia, 2023.DESIGN: Institution-based cross-sectional study design.SETTING: South Gondar primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia.PARTICIPANTS: 608 participants were recruited using the systematic random sampling technique.MEASUREMENT: Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and medical chart reviews. The International HIV Dementia Scale was used to screen for neurocognitive disorder. The data were entered through EPI-DATA V.4.6 and exported to SPSS V.21 statistical software for analysis. In the bivariable logistic regression analyses, variables with a value of p<0.25 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors independently associated with neurocognitive disorder. Statistical significance was declared at a value of p<0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of neurocognitive disorder among HIV-positive participants was 39.1%. In multivariable logistic regression, lower level of education (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.94; 95% CI 1.29 to 6.82), unemployment (AOR=2.74; 95% CI 1.29 to 6.84) and comorbid medical illness (AOR=1.80; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.14) were significantly associated with neurocognitive disorder.CONCLUSION: HIV-associated neurocognitive problems affected over a third of the participants. According to the current study, comorbid medical conditions, unemployment and low educational attainment are associated with an increased risk of neurocognitive disorder. Therefore, early detection and treatment are essential.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Are western European oak forests man-made constructs? The pedoanthracological perspective

Abstract: Fagus sylvatica L. is among the most competitive trees in European temperate deciduous forests on well-drained but not too dry soils and is known to be a major species in the mature stages of natural succession over large areas. However, even under favourable conditions, it is often sporadic or even absent from present-day stands whereas Quercus spp. are dominant. Based on written sources, the predominance of Quercus spp. has been identified as a potential heritage of historical management. To test the hypothesis that past human practices caused the replacement of Fagus by Quercus spp. on well-drained soils, we carried out a soil charcoal analysis on current mature Quercus spp. stands in 19 forest sites of the Lorraine Plateau in northeastern France. 'Megacharcoal' assemblages were extracted from soil trenches and taxonomically identified. Our results, based on more than 5600 charcoal pieces, identified 19 taxa and showed the presence of Quercus and Fagus in all sites. Quercus was dominant, followed by Carpinus and Fagus, as it is today in the on-site forests, except for Fagus, which is not observed in any of the studied stands. Other taxa, such as Prunus, Populus, Betula, were present at lower abundances, occurring in only a few sampling sites. The 71 radiocarbon dates indicated that i) a Fagus forest had been in place during the Bronze Age, without any dated oak pieces found; ii) Quercus became common from the end of the Bronze Age, iii) and was mixed with Fagus from the middle of the Iron Age. These results provide a new evidence that historical forest management in western Europe caused the replacement of Fagus by Quercus, and therefore the manipulation of forest stand species composition started during the Bronze Age.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Hospital at home for elderly acute patients: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The increasing elderly population has led to a growing demand for healthcare services. A hospital at home treatment model offers an alternative to standard hospital admission, with the potential to reduce readmission and healthcare consumption while improving patients' quality of life. However, there is little evidence regarding hospital at home treatment in a Danish setting. This article describes the protocol for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing standard hospital admission to hospital at home treatment. The main aim of the intervention is to reduce 30-day acute readmission after discharge and improve the quality of life of elderly acute patients.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A total of 849 elderly acute patients will be randomised in a 1:2 ratio to either the control or intervention group in the trial. The control group will receive standard hospital treatment in a hospital emergency department while the intervention group will receive treatment at home. The primary outcomes of the trial are the rate of 30-day acute readmission and quality of life, assessed using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-5-Level instrument. Primary analyses are based on the intention-to-treat principle. Secondary outcomes are basic functional mobility, resource use in healthcare, primary and secondary healthcare cost, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and the mortality rate 3months after discharge.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The RCT was approved by the Ethical Committee, Central Denmark Region (no. 1-10-72-67-20). Results will be presented at relevant national and international meetings and conferences and will be published in international peer-reviewed journals. Furthermore, we plan to communicate the results to relevant stakeholders in the Danish healthcare system.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05360914.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.