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Maize leaf disease recognition using PRF-SVM integration: a breakthrough technique. | [] | Abstract: The difficulty of collecting maize leaf lesion characteristics in an environment that undergoes frequent changes, suffers varying illumination from lighting sources, and is influenced by a variety of other factors makes detecting diseases in maize leaves difficult. It is critical to monitor and identify plant leaf diseases during the initial growing period to take suitable preventative measures. In this work, wepropose an automated maize leaf disease recognition system constructed using the PRF-SVM model. The PRFSVM model was constructed by combining three powerful components: PSPNet, ResNet50, and Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (Fuzzy SVM). The combination of PSPNet and ResNet50 not only assures that the model can capture delicate visual features but also allows for end-to-end training for smooth integration.Fuzzy SVM is included as a final classification layer to accommodate the inherent fuzziness and uncertainty in real-world image data.Five different maize crop diseases (common rust, southern rust, grey leaf spot, maydis leaf blight, and turcicum leaf blight along with healthy leaves) are selected from the Plant Village dataset for the algorithm's evaluation. The average accuracy achieved using the proposed method is approximately 96.67%. The PRFSVM model achieves an average accuracy rating of 96.67% and a mAP value of 0.81, demonstrating the efficacy of our approach for detecting and classifying various forms of maize leaf diseases. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
AI-enabled Green Business Strategy: Path to carbon neutrality via environmental performance and green process innovation | [] | Abstract: This study aims to comprehend and test the mediating effect of Green Process Innovation (GPI) and the moderating effect of Green Dynamic Capabilities (GDC) on Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled Green Business Strategies (GBS) and Environmental Performance (EP) relationship. 252 manufacturing sector employees in North India participated in the data collection. The study used Structural equation modelling and Process Macro for investigating the hypothesized model. The results supported the hypothesized association between AIenabled GBS and EP. The study found that GPI mediate the constructive association between AI -enabled GBS and EP. GDC emerged as significant moderators for AI -enabled GBS and EP relationship. The article offers some helpful inputs for the Indian manufacturing industry to understand the importance of AI -enabled GBS in enhancing EP to move towards Carbon neutrality. The results suggest some practical implications for organizations wherein firms can maintain their focus on GPI at the organizational level by having AI -backed GBS, which will help the business achieve better EP. There is a scope to dig deep on comprehending the moderating impact of GDC in this context. The study recommends that GDC can further boost GPI, which will ultimately impact the firm's goal of carbon neutrality by shaping EP. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Deep Lossy Plus Residual Coding for Lossless and Near-Lossless Image Compression | [] | Abstract: Lossless and near-lossless image compression is of paramount importance to professional users in many technical fields, such as medicine, remote sensing, precision engineering and scientific research. But despite rapidly growing research interests in learning-based image compression, no published method offers both lossless and near-lossless modes. In this paper, we propose a unified and powerful deep lossy plus residual (DLPR) coding framework for both lossless and near-lossless image compression. In the lossless mode, the DLPR coding system first performs lossy compression and then lossless coding of residuals. We solve the joint lossy and residual compression problem in the approach of VAEs, and add autoregressive context modeling of the residuals to enhance lossless compression performance. In the near-lossless mode, we quantize the original residuals to satisfy a given l(infinity) error bound, and propose a scalable near-lossless compression scheme that works for variable l(infinity) bounds instead of training multiple networks. To expedite the DLPR coding, we increase the degree of algorithm parallelization by a novel design of coding context, and accelerate the entropy coding with adaptive residual interval. Experimental results demonstrate that the DLPR coding system achieves both the state-of-the-art lossless and near-lossless image compression performance with competitive coding speed. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Hypertension Trends and Disparities Over 12Years in a Large Health System: Leveraging the Electronic Health Records. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: The digital transformation of medical data enables health systems to leverage real-world data from electronic health records to gain actionable insights for improving hypertension care.METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a serial cross-sectional analysis of outpatients of a large regional health system from 2010 to 2021. Hypertension was defined by systolic blood pressure ≥140mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90mm Hg, or recorded treatment with antihypertension medications. We evaluated 4 methods of using blood pressure measurements in the electronic health record to define hypertension. The primary outcomes were age-adjusted prevalence rates and age-adjusted control rates. Hypertension prevalence varied depending on the definition used, ranging from 36.5% to 50.9% initially and increasing over time by 5%, regardless of the definition used. Control rates ranged from 61.2% to 71.3% initially, increased during 2018 to 2019, and decreased during 2020 to 2021. The proportion of patients with a hypertension diagnosis ranged from 45.5% to 60.2% initially and improved during the study period. Non-Hispanic Black patients represented 25% of our regional population and consistently had higher prevalence rates, higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lower control rates compared with other racial and ethnic groups.CONCLUSIONS: In a large regional health system, we leveraged the electronic health record to provide real-world insights. The findings largely reflected national trends but showed distinctive regional demographics and findings, with prevalence increasing, one-quarter of the patients not controlled, and marked disparities. This approach could be emulated by regional health systems seeking to improve hypertension care. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Conservation as Cultural Practice: The Portrait Collection of Indigenous Delegates by Henry Inman | [] | Abstract: This article explores the complex material history of the portrait collection of Indigenous delegates by Henry Inman (1801-1846), and the ethical dilemmas raised during the last conservation campaign. The so-called 'Indian Gallery,' painted by Charles Bird King and copied by Henry Inman in the late 1830s, offers a study case on how conservation can contribute to the visibility of this unique series of 27 Indigenous delegates portraits. Originally commissioned for Thomas L. McKenney as first Superintendent of Indian Affairs, the meaning of Henry Inman's copies shifted when they entered the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology in 1882. Turned into 'docile objects' their new display had them fit a different ethnographic discourse. Recently transferred to the Harvard Art Museums (2023), the last conservation campaign challenged this discourse and proposed new ways to look at the collection offering a new interpretation through material analysis. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Redefining Debt-to-Health, a triple-win health financing instrument in global health. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: As a recognized win-win-win approach to international debt relief, Debt-to-Health(D2H)has successfully translated debt repayments into investments in health-related projects. Although D2H has experienced modifications and periodic suspension, it has been playing an increasingly important role in resource mobilization in public health, particularly for low-and middle-income countries deep in debt.MAIN TEXT: D2H, as a practical health financing instrument, is not fully evidenced and gauged by academic literature though. We employed a five-step scoping review methodology. After posing questions, we conducted comprehensive literature searches across three databases and one official website to identify relevant studies.We also supplemented our research with expert interviews. Through this review and interviews, we were able to define the concept and structure of D2H, identify stakeholders, and assess its current shortcomings. Finally, we proposed relevant countermeasures and suggestions.CONCLUSION: This paper examines the D2H project's implementation structure and influencing variables, as well as the current research plan's limitations, with a focus on the role health funding institutions have played during the project's whole life. Simultaneously, it examines the interdependencies between debtor nations, creditor nations, and health financing establishments, establishing the groundwork for augmenting and revamping D2H within the ever-changing worldwide context of health development assistance. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
The Technical Examination of Nineteenth-Century Artists' Pigments from John Opie's Paintbox | [] | Abstract: St Agnes Museum, Cornwall, currently holds in its collections a paint box with a metal plaque reading 'John Opie 1806', containing pigments and other artists' materials. John Opie produced hundreds of oil paintings until his untimely death in 1807 and was a well-known and successful painter of portraits and historical scenes. However, his work has been little studied, in comparison to his contemporaries such as Joshua Reynolds. This paper discusses the identification of the pigments in the paint box using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Seven pigments have been identified as ultramarine, lead white, fustic and carmine lakes, carbon black (likely ivory), hematite, and burnt sienna, consistent with the bottle labels where present. The identification has been further confirmed using historical literature, which has shown that the pigments are likely to be contemporary with the stated date of 1806. This information adds to the body of knowledge about the artist specifically, and the artists pigments generally available at the time. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Experiences and challenges of enrolled nurses undertaking a Bachelor of Nursing Science programme in Namibia. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Globally, enrolled nurses (ENs) are embarking on an educational journey to become registered nurses (RNs) in order to enhance their knowledge and career opportunities. However, their aspiration is not without challenges. In Namibia, the experiences of these nurses have not been extensively researched.OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore and describe the experiences and challenges of ENs undertaking a Bachelor of Nursing Science at the University of Namibia.METHOD: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research strategy was followed as the basis of conducting the study. A sample of 15 nursing students was purposively selected from the target population of 73 nursing students. This sample size was determined by the saturation of data as reflected in repeating themes. The collected data were analysed thematically using an inductive approach.RESULTS: Three main themes subsequently emerged from the study: ENs' positive experiences advancing in the Bachelor of Nursing Science (BNSc) programme; nurses' negative experiences advancing in the BNSc programme; and recommendations to ensure effective advancement in the BNSc programmeConclusion:The findings of this study revealed that ENs positively experience becoming a RN when it comes to self-development; however, they have negative experiences such as not receiving exemptions for prior learning and having to learn a new curriculum.Contribution:These findings may be used by the Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health management in order to develop targeted interventions and ongoing strategies during their curriculum review cycles to ensure positive student experiences and success within the programme. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Detecting emotions through EEG signals based on modified convolutional fuzzy neural network. | [] | Abstract: Emotion is a human sense that can influence an individual's life quality in both positive and negative ways. The ability to distinguish different types of emotion can lead researchers to estimate the current situation of patients or the probability of future disease. Recognizing emotions from images have problems concealing their feeling by modifying their facial expressions. This led researchers to consider Electroencephalography (EEG) signals for more accurate emotion detection. However, the complexity of EEG recordings and data analysis using conventional machine learning algorithms caused inconsistent emotion recognition. Therefore, utilizing hybrid deep learning models and other techniques has become common due to their ability to analyze complicated data and achieve higher performance by integrating diverse features of the models. However, researchers prioritize models with fewer parameters to achieve the highest average accuracy. This study improves the Convolutional Fuzzy Neural Network (CFNN) for emotion recognition using EEG signals to achieve a reliable detection system. Initially, the pre-processing and feature extraction phases are implemented to obtain noiseless and informative data. Then, the CFNN with modified architecture is trained to classify emotions. Several parametric and comparative experiments are performed. The proposed model achieved reliable performance for emotion recognition with an average accuracy of 98.21% and 98.08% for valence (pleasantness) and arousal (intensity), respectively, and outperformed state-of-the-art methods. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Fangyuan Hua. | [] | Abstract: Interview with Fangyuan Hua, who studies forest biodiversity and conservation at Peking University. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Delivering clinical tutorials to medical students using the Microsoft HoloLens 2: A mixed-methods evaluation. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mixed reality offers potential educational advantages in the delivery of clinical teaching. Holographic artefacts can be rendered within a shared learning environment using devices such as the Microsoft HoloLens2. In addition to facilitating remote access to clinical events, mixed reality may provide a means of sharing mental models, including the vertical and horizontal integration of curricular elements at the bedside. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of delivering clinical tutorials using the Microsoft HoloLens 2 and the learning efficacy achieved.METHODS: Following receipt of institutional ethical approval, tutorials on preoperative anaesthetic history taking and upper airway examination were facilitated by a tutor who wore the HoloLens device. The tutor interacted face to face with a patient and two-way audio-visual interaction was facilitated using the HoloLens 2 and Microsoft Teams with groups of students who were located in a separate tutorial room. Holographic functions were employed by the tutor. The tutor completed the System Usability Scale, the tutor, technical facilitator, patients, and students provided quantitative and qualitative feedback, and three students participated in semi-structured feedback interviews. Students completed pre- and post-tutorial, and end-of-year examinations on the tutorial topics.RESULTS: Twelve patients and 78 students participated across 12 separate tutorials. Five students did not complete the examinations and were excluded from efficacy calculations. Student feedback contained 90 positive comments, including the technology's ability to broadcast the tutor's point-of-vision, and 62 negative comments, where students noted issues with the audio-visual quality, and concerns that the tutorial was not as beneficial as traditional in-person clinical tutorials. The technology and tutorial structure were viewed favourably by the tutor, facilitator and patients. Significant improvement was observed between students' pre- and post-tutorial MCQ scores (mean 59.2% Vs 84.7%, p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the feasibility of using the HoloLens 2 to facilitate remote bedside tutorials which incorporate holographic learning artefacts. Students' examination performance supports substantial learning of the tutorial topics. The tutorial structure was agreeable to students, patients and tutor. Our results support the feasibility of offering effective clinical teaching and learning opportunities using the HoloLens 2. However, the technical limitations and costs of the device are significant, and further research is required to assess the effectiveness of this tutorial format against in-person tutorials before wider roll out of this technology can be recommended as a result of this study. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Erratum: Exploring Communication about Fall Risk and Prevention between Internal Medicine Residents and Geriatric Patients: A Needs Assessment: Erratum. | [] | Abstract: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001652.]. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Breaking bad news: A mix methods study reporting the need for improving communication skills among doctors in Pakistan. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Effective skills and training for physicians are essential for communicating difficult or distressing information, also known as breaking bad news (BBN). This study aimed to assess both the capacity and the practices of clinicians in Pakistan regarding BBN.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 151 clinicians. Quantitative component used a structured questionnaire, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 13 medical educationists. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.RESULTS: While most clinicians acknowledged their responsibility of delivering difficult news, only a small percentage had received formal training in BBN. Areas for improvement include time and interruption management, rapport building, and understanding the patients' point of view. Prognosis and treatment options were not consistently discussed. Limited importance is given to BBN in medical education.DISCUSSION: Training in BBN will lead to improved patient and attendants' satisfaction, and empathetic support during difficult times. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Quantitative evaluation of urban green exposure and its impact on human health: A case study on the 3-30-300 green space rule. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Urban green spaces offer various health benefits, yet the impact of comprehensive green exposure criteria on multidimensional health remains unclear. The 3-30-300 green space rule represents the green exposure indicators with specific thresholds. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate urban green exposure in cities and can support investigation of its relationship with human health.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 902 investigated individuals in 261 residential locations aged 11-95years from Xiamen City, China. 3-30-300 green exposure was calculated using field surveys, GIS, and Baidu Maps Application Programming Interface (API). Physical health data was based on Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI)-2. Mental health was from the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Social health was from a self-constructed evaluation questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted using Geographically Weighted Regression and Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression for global and local effects on green exposure and multidimensional health.RESULT: Among the investigated individuals, only 3.55% (32/902) fully meet the 3-30-300 rule in Xiamen. Global results show that individuals achieved at least 30% vegetation coverage (Yes) is associated with better physical (beta: 0.76, p<0.01) and social (beta: 0.5, p<0.01) health. GWLR global results indicate that individuals can see at least 3 trees from home meeting one (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.25-0.86, p<0.05) or two (OR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.22,0.78, p<0.01; OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.07-0.77, p<0.05) 3-30-300 rule components are significantly associated with reduced medical visits and hospitalizations refer to not met these criterias. In the GWR local analysis, achieved 30% vegetation cover is significantly related to improved social health at all locations. Meeting any two indicators also contribute to improved social health (n=511, beta: 0.46-0.51, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Green exposure indicators based on the 3-30-300 rule guiding healthy urban green space development. We observed multidimensional health benefits when 1/3 or 2/3 of the indicators were met. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Impact of Social Vulnerability on Cardiac Arrest Mortality in the United States, 2016 to 2020. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac arrest is 1 of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, with an estimated 340000 out-of-hospital and 292000 in-hospital cardiac arrest events per year in the United States. Survival rates are lower in certain racial and socioeconomic groups.METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a county-level cross-sectional longitudinal study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research multiple causes of death data set between 2016 and 2020 among individuals of all ages whose death was attributed to cardiac arrest. The Social Vulnerability Index is a composite measure that includes socioeconomic vulnerability, household composition, disability, individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups status and language, and housing and transportation domains. We examined the impact of social determinants on cardiac arrest mortality stratified by age, race, ethnicity, and sex in the United States. All age-adjusted mortality rate (cardiac arrest AAMRs) are reported as per 100000. Overall cardiac arrest AAMR during the study period was 95.6. The cardiac arrest AAMR was higher for men compared with women (119.6 versus 89.9) and for the Black population compared with the White population (150.4 versus 92.3). The cardiac arrest AAMR increased from 64.8 in counties in quintile 1 of Social Vulnerability Index to 141 in quintile 5, with an average increase of 13% (95% CI, 9.8%-16.9%) in AAMR per quintile increase.CONCLUSIONS: Mortality from cardiac arrest varies widely, with a >2-fold difference between the counties with the highest and lowest social vulnerability, highlighting the differential burden of cardiac arrest deaths throughout the United States based on social determinants of health. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Geographical distribution of nitrate pollution and its risk assessment using GIS and Monte Carlo simulation in drinking water in urban areas of Fars province-Iran during 2017-2021. | [] | Abstract: Pollution of water resources with nitrate is currently one of the major challenges at the global level. In order to make macro-policy decisions in water safety plans, it is necessary to carry out nitrate risk assessment in underground water, which has not been done in Fars province for all urban areas. In the current study, 9494 drinking water samples were collected in four seasons in 32 urban areas of Fars province in Iran, between 2017 and 2021 to investigate the non-carcinogenic health risk assessment. Geographical distribution maps of hazard quotient were drawn using geographical information system software. The results showed that the maximum amount of nitrate in water samples in 4% of the samples in 2021, 2.5% of the samples in 2020 and 3% of the samples in 2019 were more than the standard declared by World Health Organization guidelines (50mg/L). In these cases, the maximum amount of nitrate was reported between 82 and 123mg/L. The HQ values for infants did not exceed 1 in any year, but for children (44%±10.8), teenagers (10.8%±8.4), and adults (3.2%±1.7) exceeded 1 in cities, years, and seasons, indicating that three age groups in the studied area are at noticeably significant non-carcinogenic risk. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation showed that the average value of non-carcinogenic risk was less than 1 for all age groups. Moreover, the maximum HQ values (95%) were higher than 1 for both children and teenager, indicating a significant non-carcinogenic risk for the two age groups. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
On a First-Order Bi-Sorted Semantically Closed Language | [] | Abstract: This paper is about the concept of semantically closed languages. Roughly speaking, those are languages which can name their own sentences and apply to them semantic predicates, such as the truth or satisfaction predicates. Hence, they are self-referential languages, in the sense that they are capable of producing sentences about themselves or other sentences in the same language. In section one, we introduce the concept informally; in section two, we provide the formal definition of first-order semantically closed languages, which is the Tarskian definition with some technical modifications. Then, we construct a semantic for this kind of language, and prove that the language is indeed semantically closed (according to Definition 1). Finally, we discuss whether the logic underlying the construction is classical, and future goals of this research. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
The habitat utilization and environmental resilience of Homo heidelbergensis in Europe | [] | Abstract: The European populations of Homo heidelbergensis may have contributed to the genetic heritage of modern Eurasians. A better understanding of the possible effects of palaeoenvironmental alterations on the evolution of ancient humans can help to understand the origin of developed traits. For this purpose, the spatiotemporal alterations of physical factors were modelled in Europe for the period of 670-190 ka, covering the existence of Homo heidelbergensis in Europe. The factors included the following: paleoclimatic conditions, climatic suitability values of ancient humans, two prey species, and the European beech. Furthermore, the distribution and features of wood used for toolmaking were also investigated. Finally, changes in the relative mortality risk, the percentage of the body covered by clothing, and daily energy expenditure values in the coldest quarter of the year were modelled. The results suggest that H. heidelbergensis inhabited dominantly temperate regions in Europe where prey such as red deer were present. In the northern regions, European beech trees were abundant. When making wood tools, they preferred relatively light but not the strongest woods, which were readily available in the vicinity of the sites. Although hard and heavy woods were also occasionally used, at a European level, significant changes were observed in the relative mortality risk, the percentage of the body covered by clothing, and daily energy expenditure values during the period of 670-190 ka. However, substantial differences between archaeological sites in these values, indicating somewhat ecological variations, were not found during the studied period. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Sustainability à la carte: A systematic review of green restaurant research (2010-2023) | [] | Abstract: This paper delves into the realm of green restaurants, which seamlessly combine environmentally conscious practices with culinary excellence. It scrutinized 106 reputable hospitality and tourism articles using systematic literature review methods. The analysis, featuring descriptive examination and topic modeling, revealed significant developments in green restaurant research and highlighted their potential to address sustainability challenges. Employing an adapted TCCM framework (Theory, Context, Characteristics, and Methodology), the review suggests new research directions, placing a heightened focus on the characteristics aspect to align academic insights with global priorities and industry requirements. This promotes actionable and collaborative strategies for eco-friendly restaurants. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Energy-focused green climate policies and trade nexus:Do heterogeneous effects on clean energy poverty matter? | [] | Abstract: This study empirically examined the relationship between energy-focused climate policies (EFC) and trade (TR) in 65 of the world's top renewable energy generation countries using data ranging from 1995 to 2022. The crosssectional augmented distributed lags (CS-DL) results revealed positive effects of EFC on both employment and economic growth. It also proves the positive effects of both employment and economic growth on trade. The Dumitrescu Hurlin test confirmed the feedback causality within indirect effects. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) allowed us to show that employment and economic growth mediate the EFC and TR. All the SEM results were robust due to the positive heterogeneous effects obtained from panel quantile regression. The results also confirmed the presence of heterogeneous effects of EFC and TR on clean energy poverty. Furthermore, the study suggests promoting more incentives, investment, and monitoring in renewable energy resource infrastructure, carbon finance, and energy efficiency to promote trade and reduce clean energy poverty in the long run. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Longitudinal Relationship between L2 Grit and Motivational Regulation Strategy in University Second Language Learning: An Autoregressive Cross-lagged Model Study. | [] | Abstract: Despite the significance of grit and motivational regulation strategies (MRS) to language learning, limited research has been conducted on their longitudinal interplay. The present study explores the relationship between these two constructs in an English as a second language (L2) learning context through a longitudinal design. This study utilizes repeated measures of L2 grit and MRS at two time points (T1 and T2) to investigate the direction of influence between them and proposes and evaluates four models: an autoregressive model, two unidirectional models, and a bidirectional model. Using questionnaire data from 205 Chinese university students to evaluate the models, results from model assessment revealed that L2 grit at T1 positively predicted L2 grit at T2 and that MRS at T1 positively predicted MRS at T2. While L2 grit showed stability, MRS developed over time. The unidirectional model with L2 grit at T1 as a predictor of MRS at T2 was identified as the model of best fit, indicating that L2 grit at an earlier time unidirectionally influenced MRS at a later time. Based on these findings, we conclude that there is a unidirectional influence between L2 grit and MRS: the former plays an influential role in shaping MRS in L2 learning over time. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics between the two constructs, which in turn impacts language learning persistence and success, offering valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers striving to optimize language learning environments and interventions. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Seasonal Patterns of Mpox Index Cases, Africa, 1970-2021. | [] | Abstract: Across 133 confirmed mpox zoonotic index cases reported during 1970-2021 in Africa, cases occurred year-round near the equator, where climate is consistent. However, in tropical regions of the northern hemisphere under a dry/wet season cycle, cases occurred seasonally. Our findings further support the seasonality of mpox zoonotic transmission risk. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Ensuring the veterinary view cuts through. | [] | Abstract: We submitted a joint response to the Competition and Markets Authority's (CMA) consultation on its proposed market investigation into the UK veterinary services market for pets in April, following the initial review, which outlined a number of concerns. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Prevalence and Correlates of VA-Purchased Community Care Use Among Post-9/11-Era Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury. | [] | Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Post-9/11-era veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have greater health-related complexity than veterans overall, and may require coordinated care from TBI specialists such as those within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. With passage of the Choice and MISSION Acts, more veterans are using VA-purchased care delivered by community providers who may lack TBI training. We explored prevalence and correlates of VA-purchased care use among post-9/11 veterans with TBI.SETTING: Nationwide VA-purchased care from 2016 through 2019.PARTICIPANTS: Post-9/11-era veterans with clinician-confirmed TBI based on VA's Comprehensive TBI Evaluation (N = 65144).DESIGN: This was a retrospective, observational study.MAIN MEASURES: Proportions of veterans who used VA-purchased care and both VA-purchased and VA-delivered outpatient care, overall and by study year. We employed multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between veterans' sociodemographic, military history, and clinical characteristics and their likelihood of using VA-purchased care from 2016 through 2019.RESULTS: Overall, 51% of veterans with TBI used VA-purchased care during the study period. Nearly all who used VA-purchased care (99%) also used VA-delivered outpatient care. Veterans' sociodemographic, military, and clinical characteristics were associated with their likelihood of using VA-purchased care. Notably, in adjusted analyses, veterans with moderate/severe TBI (vs mild), those with higher health risk scores, and those diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, or pain-related conditions had increased odds of using VA-purchased care. Additionally, those flagged as high risk for suicide also had higher odds of VA-purchased care use.CONCLUSIONS: Veterans with TBI with greater health-related complexity were more likely to use VA-purchased care than their less complex counterparts. The risks of potential care fragmentation across providers versus the benefits of increased access to care are unknown. Research is needed to examine health and functional outcomes among these veterans. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Factors with ambiguous qualities for Cultural World Heritage Sites | [] | Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate factors with both beneficial and harmful qualities for Cultural World Heritage Sites. Particular but not exclusive attention is given to aspects relating to tourism and infrastructure. Data from the World Heritage List for North America and Europe, linked to the 2014 UNESCO Periodic Report II, are employed for the analysis. A simultaneous Bivariate Probit model estimation is carried out on the 30,954 observations and 402 Heritage Sites. World Heritage managers assess that certain factors are both beneficial and harmful for their sites. These contradictory perceptions appear most commonly in relation to tourism/visitors/recreation (28% of the sites), ground transport infrastructure (16%) and to the Society's valuing of heritage (12%). Besides this, ambivalent perceptions are also identified for housing, commercial development, land conversion, forestry/timber production and renewable energy facilities, although to a lesser extent. Estimation results reveal that the highest degree of ambivalence occurs in relation to tourism/visitors/recreation, interpretive and sightseeing facilities and ground transport infrastructure when location and specific site characteristics are controlled for. Thus, the results coincide only to some extent with the descriptive statistics. Compared to other groups of Cultural World Heritage Sites (cultural landscapes, religious sites and other sites) managers of cities have a significantly lower probability of perceiving the different factors as harmful. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ) | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Walt Whitman and the Art of Nursing. | [] | Abstract: ABSTRACT: Walt Whitman is commonly known as a noted American poet of the 19th century, but he also had experience providing nursing care during the American Civil War. He wrote about his experiences and was an early proponent of holistic nursing care. This article reviews the life of Walt Whitman and his legacy related to nursing. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Evaluation of ERA5 and CHIRPS rainfall estimates against observations across Ethiopia | [] | Abstract: Satellite-based precipitation estimates and global reanalysis products bear the promise of supporting the development of accurate and timely climate information for end users in sub-Sharan Africa. The accuracy of these global models, however, may be reduced in data-scarce regions and should be carefully evaluated. This study evaluates the performance of ERA5 reanalysis data and CHIRPS precipitation data against ground-based measurements from 167 rain gauges in Ethiopia, a region with complex topography and diverse climates. Focusing over a 38-year period (1981-2018), our study utilizes a point-to-pixel analysis to compare daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual precipitation data, conducting an evaluation based on continuous and categorical metrics. Our findings indicate that over Ethiopia CHIRPS generally outperforms ERA5, particularly in high-altitude areas, demonstrating a better capability in detecting high-intensity rainfall events. Both datasets, however, exhibit lower performance in Ethiopia's lowland regions, possibly the influence of sparse rain gauge networks informing gridded datasets. Notably, both CHIRPS and ERA5 were found to underestimate rainfall variability, with CHIRPS displaying a slight advantage in representing the erratic nature of Ethiopian rainfall. The study's results highlight considerable performance differences between CHIRPS and ERA5 across varying Ethiopian landscapes and climatic conditions. CHIRPS' effectiveness in high-altitude regions, especially for daily rainfall estimation, emphasizes its suitability in similar geographic contexts. Conversely, the lesser performance of ERA5 in these areas suggests a need for refined calibration and validation processes, particularly for complex terrains. These insights are essential for the application of satellite-based and reanalysis of rainfall data in meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological contexts, particularly in topographically and climatically diverse regions. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
The impact of landscape spatial morphology on green carbon sink in the urban riverfront area | [] | Abstract: The interaction between water and green spaces holds significant importance as an urban carbon sink, but there has been insufficient attention to how the specific morphology of waterfront landscapes affects their capacity for carbon sink. This study focuses on typical riverfront spaces in Shanghai, employing an improved Carnegie-AmesStanford-Approach (CASA) model fused with remote sensing spatiotemporal images to simulate vegetation fixed carbon within urban riverfront green spaces. Furthermore, an interpretable machine learning method was utilized to unveil the mechanism driving spatial heterogeneity in carbon sink efficiency. The results reveal the carbon sink efficiency of urban riverfront green spaces exhibits noticeable spatial heterogeneity, varying according to the location, type, scale, and river elements; The internal green component factors, including vegetation coverage and tree green ratio, along with surrounding environmental factor water surface ratio, are key factors influencing the carbon sinks efficiency; Hydrological elements within specific thresholds, namely, water surface ratio ranges between 0.245 and 0.281, can effectively enhance the carbon sink capacity of green spaces. And the maximum influencing value of distance from the water body is about 1800 m. The study contributes to developing a more scientific layout for climate-adaptive urban riverfront green spaces on the mesoscale. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
A scientist for president. | [] | Abstract: If elected, Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo would bring an extensive background in science and engineering to Mexico's presidency. But many researchers are anxious about how she would govern. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
The potential for reducing aflatoxin B1 contamination of stored peanuts by soil disinfection. | [] | Abstract: Aflatoxins from the fungus Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) that contaminate stored peanuts is a major hazard to human health worldwide. Reducing A. flavus in soil can decrease the risk of aflatoxins in stored peanuts. In this experiment, we determined whether peanuts grown on soil fumigated with dazomet (DZ), metham sodium (MS), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), chloropicrin (PIC) or dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) would reduce of the quantity of A. flavus and its toxin's presence. The results of bioassays and field tests showed that PIC was the most effective fumigant for preventing and controlling A. flavus, followed by MS. PIC and MS applied to the soil for 14 d resulted in LD50 values against A. flavus of 3.558 and 4.893mgkg-1, respectively, leading to almost 100% and 98.82% effectiveness of A. flavus, respectively. Peanuts harvested from fumigated soil and then stored for 60 d resulted in undetectable levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) compared to unfumigated soil that contained 0.64ugkg-1 of AFB1, which suggested that soil fumigation can reduce the probability of aflatoxin contamination during peanut storage and showed the potential to increase the safety of peanuts consumed by humans. Further research is planned to determine the practical value of our research in commercial practice. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Transitions in development - an interview with Thibaut Brunet. | [] | Abstract: Thibaut Brunet is a group leader at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, where he works on choanoflagellates (known as 'choanos' for short). These unicellular organisms are close relatives of animals that have the potential to form multicellular assemblies under certain conditions, and Thibaut's lab are leveraging them to gain insights into how animal morphogenesis evolved. We met with Thibaut over Zoom to discuss his career path so far, and learnt how an early interest in dinosaurs contributed to his life-long fascination with evolutionary biology. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Quality of life and symptom burden in hematological cancer patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an observational study at Regional Cancer Centre, India | [] | Abstract: Purpose Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is an intense form of treatment, resulting in major symptom burden but can prove curative. The quality of life (QOL) is a major endpoint for these patients as the survival rate in them has improved over time. The aim of the study is to assess the QOL and symptom burden of hematological malignancy patients at admission to hospital for HSCT, at 1 month and at 3 months following HSCT.Methods This prospective observational study was done on hematological malignancy patients who were admitted for HSCT in a regional cancer center. The study subjects were assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplant Scale (FACT-BMT Scale), Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale-revised (r-ESAS), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) at the time of hospital admission for transplantation, on day 30 (similar to 1 month) and day100 (similar to 3 months) of transplantation.Results A total of 68 patients were included in this study. FACT-BMT scores have decreased from baseline (F0) to the first follow-up (F1) and then increased in the third follow-up (F2). The maximum r-ESAS mean score was for tiredness among all other symptoms at F0 as well as at F1 and at F2. The DASS 21 scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were maximum during F1 and minimum during F2.Conclusion Symptom burden is maximum during the first month of BMT, which improves later and QOL becomes improved with time. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Values, climate change and community- Results and lessons learned from the application of the climate vulnerability index in Tanzania and Nigeria | [] | Abstract: Climate change is a major threat to global heritage and many sites are already experiencing impacts from climate change and related hazards. Recent studies have indicated that this challenge is especially acute in the African continent. Climate vulnerability assessment is increasingly a key tool in periodic reporting and ongoing site management and an essential first step in climate adaptation planning. This paper presents results from climate vulnerability assessments undertaken at two UNESCO World Heritage (WH) properties: The Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara in Tanzania; and the Sukur Cultural Landscape in Nigeria. These assessments each applied a version of the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI), a values-based, science-driven and community-focused technique. A values mapping exercise identified key heritage and socioeconomic values, including key attributes associated with the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the WH property. Downscaled climate projections were used to identify key hazards over selected emissions scenarios and timeframes, before weighing potential impacts against local adaptive capacities. Based on the timeframes and emissions scenarios, the project found OUV Vulnerability was Moderate at the Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara and Low at the Sukur Cultural Landscape, whilst the Community Vulnerability was Low for both properties. The paper will conclude with some wider observations on the application of climate vulnerability assessments in an African context and a focus on lessons learned. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Human-cattle interactions in PPNB and Early/Middle Bronze Age Cyprus! integrating zooarchaeological and stable isotope data | [] | Abstract: Cattle domestication and subsequent spread caused unprecedented biological, economic, ecological and social transformations in human history. Cyprus was one of the first places domestic taurine cattle were transported to outside of their core domestication region, making it a hotspot in which to investigate cattle acclimatisation and management practices. Accumulated archaeological, iconographic and zooarchaeological evidence has shed much light on the economic and socio-ideological significance of cattle in prehistoric Cypriot society, particularly from the Early Bronze Age onwards. However, little information exists on the mechanisms through which prehistoric cattle breeders experimented with this new, large, multifunctional and symbolically potent animal. Here, we use an integrated approach that combines zooarchaeological and stable isotopic data to reconstruct human-cattle interactions and cattle management in an island context. Stable carbon (delta 13C) and oxygen (delta 18O) isotopes were applied to a small sample (n = 16) of cattle (Bos sp.) and goat (Capra hircus) teeth from three key sites, spanning the Pre-pottery Neolithic B to the Middle Bronze Age. The results highlight discrepancies in patterns of isotopic variation between Bronze Age goat and cattle, likely reflecting differences in mobility and the more intensive management of cattle through the provision of fodder. Additionally, we observe differences in the isotope values of cattle through time (Neolithic vs. Bronze Age) and space (upland versus inland), which might be related to local resource availability as well as alterations in climate and environment. In spite of the small sample size, this current work highlights the potential of integrating zooarchaeological and stable isotopic data for addressing questions relevant to animal husbandry practices during key archaeological periods in Cyprus and beyond, inviting future research on the topic. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
The Theory of Nigrahasthāna in Vādanyāya of Dharmakīrti | [] | Abstract: V & amacr;dany & amacr;ya is one of the representative works of Dharmak & imacr;rti. It is concerned with debate logic and deals with win-or-lose reasoning rules in the broad sense of logic. In this paper, we will concentrate our discussion on Dharmak & imacr;rti's theory of nigrahasth & amacr;na (fault) in his debate logic, a key issue in V & amacr;dany & amacr;ya. First, we point out that the justification of three logical reasons as proof conditions of debate constitutes the rational point of departure for Dharmak & imacr;rti's debate logic. Second, we analyze the differences between Dharmak & imacr;rti's and the Naiy & amacr;yika's notion of debate and point out that Dharmak & imacr;rti's 'debate' involves two parties (the disputant and the opponent) attempting to rationally refute the other's opinion to persuade the other to change their wrong ideas. Last, based on the discussion of Dharmak & imacr;rti's concept of debate logic, we identify seven types of nigrahasth & amacr;na in V & amacr;dany & amacr;ya with regard to the two parties of a debate (the disputant and the opponent). | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Exploring the utility of Geometric Morphometrics to analyse prehistoric hand stencils | [] | Abstract: Hand stencils are a remarkable graphic expression in Prehistoric rock art, dating back to 42 ka BP. Although these stencils provide direct impressions of the artists' hands, the characterization of their biological profile (i.e., biological sex and age) is very challenging. Previous studies have attempted this analysis with traditional morphometrics (TM), whereas little research has been undertaken using Geometric Morphometrics (GM), a method widely used in other disciplines but only tentatively employed in rock art studies. However, the large variation in relative finger position in archaeological hands poses the question of whether these representations can be examined through GM, or, in contrast, if this creates an unmanageable error in the results. To address this issue, a 2D hand scans sample of 70 living individuals (F = 35; M = 35) has been collected in three standardized positions (n = 210) and digitized with 32 2D conventional landmarks. Results show that the intra-individual distance (mean Procrustes distance between Pos. 1-2 = 0.132; 2-3 = 0.191; 1-3 = 0.292) is larger than the inter-individual distance (mean in 1 = 0.122; 2 = 0.142; 3 = 0.165). Finally, it has been demonstrated that the relative finger positions, as well as the inclusion of all hand parts in the analysis, have an overshadowing effect on other variables potentially involved in the morphometric variability of the hand, such as biological sex. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
A Comparison of Elite and Sub-elite Match-Play Running Performance of Gaelic Football Players. | [] | Abstract: ABSTRACT: Donnelly, S, Collins, K, Burns, C, O'Neill, C, and Mangan, S. A comparison of elite and sub-elite match-play running performance of Gaelic football players. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 912-923, 2024-This research aimed to examine differences in match-play running performance between elite and sub-elite Gaelic football players. Global Positioning System devices were used to record the match-play running performance of sub-elite and elite players during the 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. In total, 783 samples were collected from 31 sub-elite and 30 elite players, from 1 elite and 1 sub-elite team. Comparisons were made on a team and positional level. Statistical significance was accepted at p ≤ 0.05. Significant positional differences were present between all positions with varying effect sizes (ESs) and p-values. Effect size was used to determine the magnitude of statistical difference. On a team level, the elite covered significantly more relative distance (p = 0.021, ES = 0.007) and elicited significantly higher average speed (p = 0.023, ES = 0.007) in quarters 2, 3, and 4 than the sub-elite. The elite covered significantly more relative distance high-intensity running (17-21.9 km·h-1; p = 0.002, ES = 0.012) in quarter 3 and performed significantly more power events per minute (p = 0.006, ES = 0.009) in quarter 4. In quarter 1, the sub-elite performed significantly more power events per minute (p = 0.006, ES = 0.009), relative high-speed running (≥17 km·h-1; p = 0.011, ES = 0.009), and relative distance high-intensity running (17-21.9 km·h-1; p = 0.002, ES = 0.012). Power events were defined as the estimation of the number of events that depend on anaerobic processes. The present study indicates that elite players possess superior conditioning, ability to read match-play, pacing, and anaerobic capacity. Sub-elite teams may use the present study to inform their training to potentially improve conditioning, pacing, and anaerobic capacity. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
A decade of amplifying your voice. | [] | Abstract: Since 2014, our Voice of the Veterinary Profession survey has played a pivotal role in supporting our campaigning and lobbying work, delivering insightful data, raising the profile of vets and their work through the media, driving legislative reform and shaping the profession. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
New Oldowan locality Sare-Abururu (ca. 1.7Ma) provides evidence of diverse hominin behaviors on the Homa Peninsula, Kenya. | [] | Abstract: The Homa Peninsula, in southwestern Kenya, continues to yield insights into Oldowan hominin landscape behaviors. The Late Pliocene locality of Nyayanga (3-2.6Ma) preserves some of the oldest Oldowan tools. At the Early Pleistocene locality of Kanjera South (2Ma) toolmakers procured a diversity of raw materials from over 10km away and strategically reduced them in a grassland-dominated ecosystem. Here, we report findings from Sare-Abururu, a younger (1.7Ma) Oldowan locality approximately 12km southeast of Kanjera South and 18km east of Nyayanga. Sare-Abururu has yielded 1754 artifacts in relatively undisturbed low-energy silts and sands. Stable isotopic analysis of pedogenic carbonates suggests that hominin activities were carried out in a grassland-dominated setting with similar vegetation structure as documented at Kanjera South. The composition of a nearby paleo-conglomerate indicates that high-quality stone raw materials were locally abundant. Toolmakers at Sare-Abururu produced angular fragments from quartz pebbles, representing a considerable contrast to the strategies used to reduce high quality raw materials at Kanjera South. Although lithic reduction at Sare-Abururu was technologically simple, toolmakers proficiently produced cutting edges, made few mistakes and exhibited a mastery of platform management, demonstrating that expedient technical strategies do not necessarily indicate a lack of skill or suitable raw materials. Lithic procurement and reduction patterns on the Homa Peninsula appear to reflect variation in local resource contexts rather than large-scale evolutionary changes in mobility, energy budget, or toolmaker cognition. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Retrieving images from tarnished daguerreotypes using X-ray fluorescence imaging with an X-ray micro beam with tunable energy | [] | Abstract: We report recent observations using a synchrotron X-ray micro-beam to retrieve images from tarnished 19th century daguerreotypes. We confirm that high quality image can always be retrieved from tarnished plates using Hg L alpha XRF as long as the bulk of the image particles and their distribution remains intact. We also report results from using tunable tender X-rays (2 - 7 keV) to conduct imaging in high vacuum at energy above the Ag L-edge and the Hg M-edge, extracting images using Ag L alpha and Hg M alpha, respectively among others (e.g., S to track corrosion). Images obtained with the surface sensitive total electron yield (TEY) and the bulk sensitive fluorescence yield (FLY) as well as corresponding micro-XANES are reported. Flux tolerance to high intensity X-beam is also explored. These results and their implications for cultural heritage research are discussed. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Effects of melatonin on blood pressure, arterial stiffness and quality of life in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial | [] | Abstract: Objectives: Studies suggest that melatonin may promote cardiovascular protection. Previous trials have primarily been performed on co -morbid patients. Little information exist on the effect in postmenopausal women with general good health. Design, participants and intervention: In a double -blinded placebo-controlled study, we randomized 41 postmenopausal women to either 10 mg melatonin per day or placebo for 3 months. Outcome measures: Outcomes of the trial was changes in blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and quality of sleep evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: Thirty-nine women completed the study. Mean age was 63 years (range 55-75 years). Over the 3 months of the trial, PWV did not differ between groups: Placebo 1.1% (IQR -2.1;9.9) vs. melatonin 0.0% (IQR-9.8;4.1), p = 0.43). The were no significant differences in blood pressure bewteen melatonin and placebo group. Both groups had a pour quality of sleep at baseline (placebo: PSQI 6.0 (IQR 3.3; 8.8) vs. melatonin PSQI 6.0 (IQR 3.0; 10.0), p = 0.94), which did not change in response to treatment. Conclusion: In healthy postmenopausal women, supplementation with 10 mg melatonin was well-tolerated, but we did not observe any significant improvements in pulse wave velocity, blood pressure or quality of sleep compared with placebo. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
The Potential of Clay Poultices as Sorbents for Medieval Plaster: A Comparative Study Using the Pressure Plate Method and Dye | [] | Abstract: Five clay poultices used in built heritage, stone, and wall painting conservation were examined for their potential to extract impurities from medieval lime-rich wall painting plaster. Since the most efficient extraction is achieved by capillary advection, this evaluation compared the pore size distribution of the clay poultices with that of medieval plaster. The pore size distribution was measured using the pressure plate method, a method with a long history of use in soil and building science. The present study demonstrates for the first time a successful application of this method in the evaluation of clay poultices for conservation. In addition, the retentive capacities of the five poultices were examined by measuring lateral migration and penetration depths as a function of time, using customised plaster samples and a blue dye to facilitate migration measurements. Of the five poultices, bentonite showed the least promising pore size range and was estimated to have little or no effect as a drying poultice for medieval wall painting plaster. The remaining four poultices showed promising results, although with various shortcomings that might influence the results of the intervention, as the best fit is dependent on the aim of the poulticing. For a cleaning poultice, where dirt is to be extracted solely from the surface of the plaster, attapulgite and PANGEL (R) S1500 seemed to be best suited due to their high retention. The pore size distribution and migration pattern of PANGEL (R) S9 and sepiolite indicated that they could be suitable as poultices for desalination. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Translation and validation of the Hungarian version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R). | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence relating maternal birth experience to a range of maternal and neonatal outcomes is increasingly compelling. Consequently valid and reliable self-report of birth experience from the mothers perspective is critical.AIM: The current study sought to translate and validate a Hungarian-language version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R).METHOD: Following forward and backwards translation into Hungarian, the Hungarian BSS-R (HU-BSS-R) was administered to women in a major Transylvanian hospital maternity unit within 72 h postpartum. Key psychometric characteristics were then examined in relation to factor structure, divergent and convergent validity, internal consistency, and known-groups discriminant validity.RESULTS: Two-hundred and thirty-two women completed the HU-BSS-R. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the HU-BSS-R to offer an excellent fit to data for the established tri-dimensional measurement model. The HU-BSS-R was also found to offer excellent convergent and divergent validity and known-groups discriminant validity. No significant differences were observed between internal consistency observations between the current study and the original UK validation study.CONCLUSIONS: The HU-BSS-R is a valid and reliable translation of the original BSS-R, it has proved itself to have excellent psychometric properties and is suitable for use in the Hungarian maternity context. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Kurt Rowland's Visual Education: A Quiet Force in Post-War Art Pedagogy | [] | Abstract: This paper introduces the life and work of art educator and designer Kurt Rowland (1920-1980) who authored the first set of textbooks on visual education and played a role in the shifting world of art and design education in post-war Britian. We detail the foundational experiences of his extraordinary life in the first half of the 20th century including surviving the Spanish Civil War and La Retirada, being a 'friendly enemy alien', and becoming one of the Dunera boys forced into Australian internment camps. He later went on to develop a new aspect of art and design education he called visual education. We explore Rowland's notion of a visual education, explicating its features, appraising its import, and situating Rowland's ideas to those of his contemporaries. We explore his motivations and how his work advanced art pedagogy. Finally, we argue that Kurt Rowland has been absent in recent literature on art and design education and that his work, which contains elements that have continued relevance today, should not be overlooked. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Does the conflict between work and family hinder thriving? Role of depersonalization and intrinsic motivation | [] | Abstract: PurposeElucidating on the concrete outline of conservation of resource theory, this study aims to explore the links between work-family conflict and workplace thriving. In particular, this study has integrated depersonalization as a mediator and tested the moderated mediation effects of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and depersonalization relationships.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a sample of 357 doctors working across various public hospitals in India over two waves (T1 and T2) and was tested using AMOS and Process Macros.FindingsExploration reveals that work-family conflict is negatively associated with workplace thriving. The mediating role of depersonalization in between work-family conflict and workplace thriving was established. Moreover, the moderating role of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and workplace thriving via depersonalization was also established.Originality/valueThe present study makes a theoretical addition to the literature by investigating nuances through which work-family conflict relationships and thriving at the workplace can be affected. To date, such a relationship has not been established. The study also extends the role of depersonalization as an underlying mechanism between work-family conflict and workplace thriving, making an imperative contribution. This study also tested the moderating role of intrinsic motivation. Overall, these relationships are novel and have been seldom reported. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestone Training Ratings and Surgeons' Early Outcomes | [] | Abstract: Importance National data on the development of competence during training have been reported using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones system. It is now possible to consider longitudinal analyses that link Milestone ratings during training to patient outcomes data of recent graduates. Objective To evaluate the association of in-training ACGME Milestone ratings in a surgical specialty with subsequent complication rates following a commonly performed operation, endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Design, Setting, and Participants This study of patient outcomes followed EVAR in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) registry (4213 admissions from 208 hospitals treated by 327 surgeons). All surgeons included in this study graduated from ACGME-accredited training programs from 2015 through 2019 and had Milestone ratings 6 months prior to graduation. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2021, through September 15, 2023. Because Milestone ratings can vary with program, they were corrected for program effect using a deviation score from the program mean. Exposure Milestone ratings assigned to individual trainees 6 months prior to graduation, based on judgments of surgical competence. Main Outcomes and Measures Surgical complications following EVAR for patients treated by recent graduates during the index hospitalization, obtained using the nationwide Society for Vascular Surgery Patient Safety Organization's VQI registry, which includes 929 participating centers in 49 US states. Results The study included outcomes for 4213 patients (mean [SD] age, 73.25 [8.74] years; 3379 male participants [80.2%]). Postoperative complications included 9.5% major (400 of 4213 cases) and 30.2% minor (1274 of 4213 cases) complications. After adjusting for patient risk factors and site of training, a significant association was identified between individual Milestone ratings of surgical trainees and major complications in early surgical practice in programs with lower mean Milestone ratings (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% CI; 0.27-0.95). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, Milestone assessments of surgical trainees were associated with subsequent clinical outcomes in their early career. Although these findings represent one surgical specialty, they suggest Milestone ratings can be used in any specialty to identify trainees at risk for future adverse patient outcomes when applying the same theory and methodology. Milestones data should inform data-driven educational interventions and trainee remediation to optimize future patient outcomes. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
From resistance genes expression to horizontal migration as well as over secretion of Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Sludge microorganism's response to the increasing of long-term disinfectant stress | [] | Abstract: Glutaraldehyde-Didecyldimethylammonium bromides (GDs) has been frequently and widely employed in livestock and poultry breeding farms to avoid epidemics such as African swine fever, but its long-term effect on the active sludge microorganisms of the receiving wastewater treatment plant was keep unclear. Four simulation systems were built here to explore the performance of aerobic activated sludge with the long-term exposure of GDs and its mechanism by analyzing water qualities, resistance genes, extracellular polymeric substances and microbial community structure. The results showed that the removal rates of CODCr and ammonia nitrogen decreased with the exposure concentration of GDs increasing. It is worth noting that long-term exposure to GDs can induce the horizontal transfer and coordinated expression of a large number of resistance genes, such as qacE, sul1, tetx, and int1, in drug -resistant microorganisms. Additionally, it promotes the secretion of more extracellular proteins, including arginine, forming a barrier -like protection. Therefore, long-term exposure to disinfectants can alter the treatment capacity of activated sludge receiving systems, and the abundance of resistance genes generated through horizontal transfer and coordinated expression by drug -resistant microorganisms does pose a significant threat to ecosystems and health. It is recommended to develop effective pretreatment methods to eliminate disinfectants. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Research on differential game of platform corporate social responsibility governance strategy considering user and public scrutiny | [] | Abstract: The development of digital technology and the sharing economy has extended corporations' innovative activities beyond the corporation's boundaries, so it has become more urgent to govern the lack of social responsibility and alienation of platform corporations from the perspective of social agents. First, the platform's CSR classification and social responsibility governance's main content are analyzed in this research. Then, this study uses government agencies, platform corporations, users, and the public as governance subjects and compares governance decisions with and without public and user oversight. Finally, the optimal balance strategy for each governing subject, the optimal trajectory of governance volume, and the trajectory of total revenue are obtained. The study found that: 1) Public and user supervision can improve the governance volume while encourage the governance motivation of government agencies and platform corporations. 2) The level of user supervision effort has a greater impact on the total governance revenue than public supervision. 3) The revenue of the system and the governance volume are greater in a centralized decision-making process, indicating that those involved should co-operate in governance based on the principle of mutual benefit. 4) The platform corporation has an incompatible but unified relationship between its social duty and financial success. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Case Series of Jamestown Canyon Virus Infections with Neurologic Outcomes, Canada, 2011-2016. | [] | Abstract: Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) is a mosquitoborne orthobunyavirus in the California serogroup that circulates throughout Canada and the United States. Most JCV exposures result in asymptomatic infection or a mild febrile illness, but JCV can also cause neurologic diseases, such as meningitis and encephalitis. We describe a case series of confirmed JCV-mediated neuroinvasive disease among persons from the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec, and Nova Scotia, Canada, during 2011-2016. We highlight the case definitions, epidemiology, unique features and clinical manifestations, disease seasonality, and outcomes for those cases. Two of the patients (from Quebec and Nova Scotia) might have acquired JCV infections during travel to the northeastern region of the United States. This case series collectively demonstrates JCV's wide distribution and indicates the need for increased awareness of JCV as the underlying cause of meningitis/meningoencephalitis during mosquito season. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
QoE Estimation of WebRTC-based Audio-visual Conversations from Facial and Speech Features | [] | Abstract: The utilization of user's facial- and speech-related features for the estimation of the Quality of Experience (QoE) of multimedia services is still underinvestigated despite its potential. Currently, only the use of either facial or speech features individually has been proposed, and relevant limited experiments have been performed. To advance in this respect, in this study, we focused on WebRTC-based videoconferencing, where it is often possible to capture both the facial expressions and vocal speech characteristics of the users. First, we performed thorough statistical analysis to identify the most significant facial- and speech-related features for QoE estimation, which we extracted from the participants' audio-video data collected during a subjective assessment. Second, we trained individual QoE estimation machine learning-based models on the separated facial and speech datasets. Finally, we employed data fusion techniques to combine the facial and speech datasets into a single dataset to enhance the QoE estimation performance due to the integrated knowledge provided by the fusion of facial and speech features. The obtained results demonstrate that the data fusion technique based on the Improved Centered Kernel Alignment (ICKA) allows for reaching a mean QoE estimation accuracy of 0.93, whereas the values of 0.78 and 0.86 are reached when using only facial or speech features, respectively. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Potential roles of hydroxybenzoate paralytic shellfish toxins in modulating toxin biokinetics in scallops. | [] | Abstract: Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by some marine dinoflagellates can cause severe human intoxication via vectors like bivalves. Toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum produce a novel group of hydroxybenzoate PSTs named GC toxins, but their biokinetics in bivalves haven't been well examined. In this experiment, we analyzed PSTs in bay scallops Argopecten irradians exposed to G. catenatum (strain MEL11) to determine their accumulation, elimination, anatomical distribution, and biotransformation. To our surprise, up to 30% of the PSTs were accumulated in the adductor muscle of scallops at the end of the experiment, and the toxicity of adductor muscle exceeded the regulatory limit of 800mug STXeq/kg in only 6 days. High concentration of toxins in the adductor muscle are likely linked to the rapid transfer of GC toxins from viscera to other tissues. Moreover, most GC toxins in scallops were found rapidly transformed to decarbamoyl toxins through enzyme-mediated hydrolysis, which was further supported by the in vitro incubation experiments. Our study demonstrates that GC toxins actively participate in toxin distribution and transformation in scallops, which may increase the risks of food poisoning associated with the consumption of scallop adductor muscle. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The negative impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have become a global environmental concern under the joint effects of cultural eutrophication and climate change. Our study, targeted on the biokinetics of paralytic shellfish toxins in scallops exposed to Gymnodinium catenatum producing unique GC toxins, aims to elucidate potential risks of seafood poisoning associated with GC toxins. The findings of this study will help us to understand the roles of GC toxins in seafood poisoning, and to develop effective management strategies against toxic algal blooms and phycotoxins. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Biodegradation of phthalate acid esters and whole-genome analysis of a novel Streptomyces sp. FZ201 isolated from natural habitats. | [] | Abstract: Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most extensively used phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and is considered to be an emerging, globally concerning pollutant. The genus Streptomyces holds promise as a degrader of various organic pollutants, but PAE biodegradation mechanisms by Streptomyces species remain unsolved. In this study, a novel PAE-degrading Streptomyces sp. FZ201 isolated from natural habitats efficiently degraded various PAEs. FZ201 had strong resilience against DBP and exhibited immediate degradation, with kinetics adhering to a first-order model. The comprehensive biodegradation of DBP involves de-esterification, beta-oxidation, trans-esterification, and aromatic ring cleavage. FZ201 contains numerous catabolic genes that potentially facilitate PAE biodegradation. The DBP metabolic pathway was reconstructed by genome annotation and intermediate identification. Streptomyces species have an open pangenome with substantial genome expansion events during the evolutionary process, enabling extensive genetic diversity and highly plastic genomes within the Streptomyces genus. FZ201 had a diverse array of highly expressed genes associated with the degradation of PAEs, potentially contributing significantly to its adaptive advantage and efficiency of PAE degradation. Thus, FZ201 is a promising candidate for remediating highly PAE-contaminated environments. These findings enhance our preliminary understanding of the molecular mechanisms employed by Streptomyces for the removal of PAEs. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Indirect calorimetry directed feeding and cycling in the older ICU population: a pilot randomised controlled trial. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Older critically ill patients experience rapid muscle loss during stay in an intensive care unit (ICU) due to physiological stress and increased catabolism. This may lead to increased ICU length of stay, delayed weaning from ventilation and persistent functional limitations. We hypothesized that with optimal nutrition and early physical therapy acting in synergism, we can reduce muscle mass loss and improve functional outcomes.METHODS: This was a prospective, single blinded randomized, controlled single-center pilot study to compare the lean muscle mass (measured at bilateral quadriceps femoris using ultrasound) of older ICU patients at 4 time points over 14 days between the control and intervention groups. The control group received standard weight-based empiric feeding and standard ICU physiotherapy. The intervention group received indirect calorimetry directed feeding adjusted daily and 60min per day of cycle ergometry. 21 patients were recruited and randomized with 11 patients in the control arm and 10 patients in the intervention arm. Secondary outcome measures included ICU and hospital mortality, length of stay, functional assessments of mobility and assessment of strength.RESULTS: Median age was 64 in the control group and 66 in the intervention group. Median calories achieved was 24.5kcal/kg per day in the control group and 23.3kcal/kg per day in the intervention group. Cycle ergometry was applied to patients in the intervention group for a median of 60min a day and a patient had a median of 8.5 sessions in 14 days. Muscle mass decreased by a median of 4.7cm2 in the right quadriceps femoris in the control group and 1.8cm2 in the intervention group (p=0.19), while the left quadriceps femoris decreased by 1.9cm2 in the control group and 0.1cm2 in the intervention group (p=0.51).CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, we found a trend towards decrease muscle loss in bilateral quadriceps femoris with our combined interventions. However, it did not reach statistical significance likely due to small number of patients recruited in the study. However, we conclude that the intervention is feasible and potentially beneficial and may warrant a larger scale study to achieve statistical significance.TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov on 30th May 2018 with identifier NCT03540732. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
The role of governance in shaping health system reform: a case study of the design and implementation of new health regions in Ireland, 2018-2023. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Effective governance arrangements are central to the successful functioning of health systems. While the significance of governance as a concept is acknowledged within health systems research, its interplay with health system reform initiatives remains underexplored in the literature. This study focuses on the development of new regional health structures in Ireland in the period 2018-2023, one part of a broader health system reform programme aimed at greater universalism, in order to scrutinise how aspects of governance impact on the reform process, from policy design through to implementation.METHODS: This qualitative, multi-method study draws on document analysis of official documents relevant to the reform process, as well as twelve semi-structured interviews with key informants from across the health sector. Interviews were analysed according to thematic analysis methodology. Conceiving governance as comprising five domains (Transparency, Accountability, Participation, Integrity, Capacity) the research uses the TAPIC framework for health governance as a conceptual starting point and as initial, deductive analytic categories for data analysis.RESULTS: The analysis reveals important lessons for policymakers across the five TAPIC domains of governance. These include deficiencies in accountability arrangements, poor transparency within the system and vis-a-vis external stakeholders and the public, and periods during which a lack of clarity in terms of roles and responsibilities for various process and key decisions related to the reform were identified. Inadequate resourcing of implementation capacity, competing policy visions and changing decision-making arrangements, among others, were found to have originated in and continuously reproduced a lack of trust between key institutional actors. The findings highlight how these challenges can be addressed through strengthening governance arrangements and processes. Importantly, the research reveals the interwoven nature of the five TAPIC dimensions of governance and the need to engage with the complexity and relationality of health system reform processes.CONCLUSIONS: Large scale health system reform is a complex process and its governance presents distinct challenges and opportunities for stakeholders. To understand and be able to address these, and to move beyond formulaic prescriptions, critical analysis of the historical context surrounding the policy reform and the institutional relationships at its core are needed. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Influence of the green certification logo and text on environmental awareness and hotel guests' water-saving behaviour | [] | Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the influence of having a green certification logo (versus no logo) supplementing with text (versus no text) on hotel guests using water behaviours. Focus group interviews (Study 1) found that hotel guests are aware of common green practices in hotels. A quasi-experimental survey (Study 2) indicated the interaction effect of a green certification logo and text on hotel guests' environmental awareness and water-saving behavioural intention. Another quasi-experimental survey (Study 3) indicated that an explicit green message is more effective than an implicit green message in reducing hotel shower time. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Children's Independent Mobility, School Travel, and the Surrounding Neighborhood. | [] | Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Children's active travel to and from school (AST) and children's independent mobility (CIM) are consistently positively associated with physical activity (PA); however, few researchers have investigated associations between objective measures of the environment and indicators of AST and CIM in national samples.METHODS: A national sample of 2,067 Canadian parents of 7- to 12-year-old children was recruited in December 2020. Regression analyses were used in 2023 to assess the association between geographic information system measures of park density, blue space, population density, greenspace, intersection density, and CIM and AST to and from school.RESULTS: Children in areas with high versus low park density (>0.025 vs. ≤0.025) had higher odds of travel to school via active modes (OR: 1.47 [1.14, 1.91], p=0.003). Children in neighborhoods in the highest quartile for neighborhood greenspace (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) were more likely to travel to home actively than those in areas of lower greenspace (OR: 1.70 [1.18, 2.45], p=0.004). On average, children living in areas in the highest versus the lowest quartile for intersection density were more likely to engage in AST to (OR: 2.43 [1.58, 3.75], p<0.001) and from (OR: 2.77 [1.80, 4.29], p<0.001) school.CONCLUSIONS: The observed associations underscore a need for city planners and policymakers to ensure sufficient access to parks and neighborhood greenspace, especially if findings are confirmed in longitudinal studies. More research is needed to investigate the role of intersection density in supporting AST and CIM. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
A comprehensive review and potential guidance on the reliability of landslide evaluation approaches in Central, Northern, and Northwestern Highlands, Ethiopia | [] | Abstract: The growing popularity of GIS technology in Ethiopia has encouraged multiple scholars to investigate landslide hazards using quantitative approaches, despite its limitations. The present review examined the approach used in the evaluation of landslide hazards by five prior studies that shared catchments. The review results reveal that the controlling factors assumed by the five researchers were inconsistent and resulted in highly divergent frequency ratio (FR) values, even for the same factors. This implies that the contribution of a single instability factor can be inferred sufficiently for landslide hazard assessment and mapping; otherwise, the results are highly subjective and disputable. Since the soil type in the region was alluvial-colluvial in the five studies, and a majority of the failures occurred shortly after rainfall, rainfall data and basic soil properties (classification and shear strength) should not be overlooked. In addition to the nonstandard use of morphometric parameters, the inherent limits of GIS methodologies, the omission of hydrogeotechnical properties, and the observed subjective outcomes make the GIS-based approach imprecise, error-prone, and doubtful. The total effect will result in ineffective early warning systems and unworthy mitigation measures, resulting in significant life costs and damage. As a result, it is recommended that GIS technology should be coupled with software (TRIGRS, Scoops3D, SINMAP, OpenLISEM, GLM, and SLIP) that considers hydrogeotechnical properties to provide more reliable conclusions. In addition to using instability factors consistently, regional statistical correlations of all morphometric parameters can be developed, allowing for less complex and realistic empirical models to be used. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Bleeding and Thrombosis in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Ventricular Tachycardia/Ventricular Fibrillation Arrest Treated With Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, bleeding and thrombosis are common complications. We aimed to describe the incidence and predictors of bleeding and thrombosis and their association with in-hospital mortality.METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive patients presenting with refractory ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between December 2015 and March 2022 who met the criteria for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiation at our center were included. Major bleeding was defined by the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization's criteria. Adjusted analyses were done to seek out risk factors for bleeding and thrombosis and evaluate their association with mortality. Major bleeding occurred in 135 of 200 patients (67.5%), with traumatic bleeding from cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 73 (36.5%). Baseline demographics and arrest characteristics were similar between groups. In multivariable analysis, decreasing levels of fibrinogen were independently associated with bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.98 per every 10mg/dL rise [95% CI, 0.96-0.99]). Patients who died had a higher rate of bleeds per day (0.21 versus 0.03, P<0.001) though bleeding was not significantly associated with in-hospital death (aHR, 0.81 [95% CI. 0.55-1.19]). A thrombotic event occurred in 23.5% (47/200) of patients. Venous thromboembolism occurred in 11% (22/200) and arterial thrombi in 15.5% (31/200). Clinical characteristics were comparable between groups. In adjusted analyses, no risk factors for thrombosis were identified. Thrombosis was not associated with in-hospital death (aHR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.42-1.03]).CONCLUSIONS: Bleeding is a frequent complication of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation that is associated with decreased fibrinogen levels on admission whereas thrombosis is less common. Neither bleeding nor thrombosis was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
The color of fruits in photographs and still life paintings. | [] | Abstract: Still life paintings comprise a wealth of data on visual perception. Prior work has shown that the color statistics of objects show a marked bias for warm colors. Here, we ask about the relative chromatic contrast of these object-associated colors compared with background colors in still life paintings. We reasoned that, owing to the memory color effect, where the color of familiar objects is perceived more saturated, warm colors will be relatively more saturated than cool colors in still life paintings as compared with photographs. We analyzed color in 108 slides of still life paintings of fruit from the teaching slide collection of the Fogg University Art Museum and 41 color-calibrated photographs of fruit from the McGill data set. The results show that the relatively higher chromatic contrast of warm colors was greater for paintings compared with photographs, consistent with the hypothesis. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Illumination matters Part II: advanced comparative analysis of flexible ureteroscopes in a kidney model by PEARLS. | [] | Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate illumination properties in an in-vitro kidney calyx model in saline.DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated a series of contemporary flexible ureteroscopes including the Storz Flex-Xc and Flex-X2s, Olympus V3 and P7, Pusen 7.5F and 9.2F, as well as OTU WiScope using a 3D-printed closed pink kidney calyx model, submerged in saline. A spectrometer was used for illuminance and color temperature measurements at different openings located at center (direct light), 45° (direct and indirect light) and 90°(indirect light) to the axis of the scope.RESULTS: Maximum illuminance was at the center opening for all scopes (range: 284 to 12,058lx at 50% brightness and 454 to 11,871lx at 100% brightness settings). The scope with the highest center illuminance (Flex-Xc) was 26 times superior to the scope with the lowest illuminance (Pusen 7.5Fr) at 100% brightness setting. For each scope, there was a peripheral illuminance drop ranging from -43 to -92% at 50% brightness and -43% to -88% at 100% brightness settings, respectively (all p<0.01). Highest drop was for the P7 and the Pusen 9.2F. All scopes had illuminance skew, except the V3. All scopes had a warm color temperature.CONCLUSION: Illumination properties vary between ureteroscopes in an enclosed cavity in saline, and differs at center vs 45° and 90° positions within scopes. Peripheral illuminance drop can be as high as -92%, which is undesirable. This may affect the choice of ureteroscope and light brightness settings used in surgery by urologists. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Adverse maternal outcomes and associated factors among mothers of advanced age delivering at a tertiary hospital, southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional study. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mothers of advanced age, defined as pregnant women aged≥35years at the time of giving birth, are traditionally known to be associated with increased risks of adverse maternal outcomes. We determined the prevalence of adverse maternal outcomes and associated factors among mothers of advanced age who delivered at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital (KRRH), in Southwestern Uganda.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Maternity Ward of KRRH from April to September 2023. We consecutively enrolled pregnant women aged≥35years during their immediate post-delivery period and before discharge. We obtained data on their socio-demographic, obstetric, medical characteristics and their maternal outcomes using interviewer-administered questionnaires. We defined adverse maternal outcome as any complication sustained by the mother that was related to pregnancy, delivery and immediate post-partum events (obstructed labour, antepartum haemorrhage, mode of delivery [cesarean or vacuum extraction], postpartum haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm or postdate pregnancy, anemia, premature rupture of membranes, multiple pregnancy, and maternal death). A participant was considered to have an adverse outcome if they experienced any one of these complications. We identified factors associated with adverse outcomes using modified Poisson regression.RESULTS: Out of 417 participants, most were aged 35-37years (n=206; 49.4%), and had parity≥5 (65.5%). The prevalence of adverse maternal outcomes was 37.6% (n=157, 95%CI: 33.1-42.4%). Common adverse maternal outcomes included caesarian delivery (23%), and obstructed labour (14.4%). Other complications included anemia in pregnancy (4.5%), chorioamnionitis (4.1%), preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (3.9%), and chronic hypertension and preeclampsia (both 2.4%). Factors associated with adverse maternal outcomes were precipitate labour (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=1.95, 95%CI: 1.44-2.65), prolonged labour, lasting>12h (aPR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.48-3.16), and chronic hypertension (aPR=2.01, 95%CI: 1.34-3.9).CONCLUSION: Approximately two-fifth of the advanced-aged mothers surveyed had adverse outcomes. Mothers with prolonged labour, precipitate labour and chronic hypertension were more likely to experience adverse outcomes. We recommend implementation of targeted interventions, emphasizing proper management of labor as well as close monitoring of hypertensive mothers, and those with precipitate or prolonged labor, to mitigate risks of adverse outcomes within this study population. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Five historical innovations that have shaped modern urological surgery. | [] | Abstract: Throughout history, many innovations have contributed to the development of modern urological surgery, improving patient outcomes and expanding the range of treatment options available to patients. This article explores five key historical innovations that have shaped modern urological surgery: External shockwave lithotripsy, transurethral resection of prostate, cystoscope, perioperative prostate-specific antigen and robotic surgery. The selection of innovations for inclusion in this article was meticulously determined through expert consensus and an extensive literature review. We will review the development, impact and significance of each innovation, highlighting their contributions to the field of urological surgery and their ongoing relevance in contemporary and perioperative practice. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Art perception is affected by negative knowledge about famous and unknown artists | [] | Abstract: The biographies of some celebrated artists are marked by accounts that paint a far from beautiful portrait. Does this negative-social knowledge influence the aesthetic experience of an artwork? Does an artist's fame protect their paintings from such an influence? We present two preregistered experiments examining the effect of social-emotional biographical knowledge about famous and unknown artists on the reception and perception of their paintings, using aesthetic ratings and neurocognitive measures. In Experiment 1, paintings attributed to artists characterised by negative biographical information were liked less, evoked greater feelings of arousal and were judged lower in terms of quality, than paintings by artists associated with neutral information. No modulation of artist renown was found. Experiment 2 fully replicated these behavioural results and revealed that paintings by artists associated with negative social-emotional knowledge also elicited enhanced early brain activity related to visual perception (P1) and early emotional arousal (early posterior negativity; EPN). Together, the findings suggest that negative knowledge about famous artists can shape not only explicit aesthetic evaluations, but may also penetrate the perception of the artwork itself. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Association between sleep disorders and physical activity in middle-aged Americans: a cross-sectional study from NHANES. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Among the numerous studies on physical activity and sleep disorders, few have focused on physical activity and sleep disorders in middle-aged people who are particularly stressed. A restricted cubic web (RCS) technique was applied to determine whether physical activity and the self-rated prevalence of sleep disorders exhibit a dose-response relationship in middle-aged adults.METHODS: This study analyzed 8880 middle-aged adults aged 40-65 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between physical activity and sleep disorders in middle-aged adults. Thereafter, the dose-response connection was examined using RCS.RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounders, subjects with MET values in the first quartile (Q1) had odds ratios (OR) for sleep disturbance of 0.851 (95% CI=0.745-0.973), 0.800 (95% CI=0.698-0.917), and 0.780 (95% CI=0.680-0.895) compared to subjects with MET values in the second, third, and fourth quartiles respectively. RCS regression showed a non-linear association between physical activity and sleep disorders in middle-aged adults (non-linearity P=0.0382). Furthermore, the prevalence of sleep disorders in middle-aged adults decreased with increasing physical activity, reaching a minimum when weekly physical activity was around 166.27MET*h (OR=0.885, 95% CI=0.799-0.981).CONCLUSION: Our research demonstrates that physical activity was negatively associated with sleep disorders. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Geographic information system-based determination of priority monitoring areas for hazardous air pollutants in an industrial city. | [] | Abstract: Industrial cities are hotspots for many hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), which are detrimental to human health. We devised an identification method to determine priority HAP monitoring areas using a comprehensive approach involving monitoring, modeling, and demographics. The methodology to identify the priority HAP monitoring area consists of two parts: (1) mapping the spatial distribution of selected categories relevant to the target pollutant and (2) integrating the distribution maps of various categories and subsequent scoring. The identification method was applied in Ulsan, the largest industrial city in South Korea, to identify priority HAP monitoring areas. Four categories related to HAPs were used in the method: (1) concentrations of HAPs, (2) amount of HAP emissions, (3) the contribution of industrial activities, and (4) population density in the city. This method can be used to select priority HAP monitoring areas for intensive monitoring campaigns, cohort studies, and epidemiological studies. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Investigating the Relevance of Maximal Speed and Acceleration in Varsity-Level Female Ice Hockey Players. | [] | Abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize and compare female ice hockey players' peak skating speed and acceleration ability during linear sprints and gameplay. We also sought to quantify the time spent at various speeds and the frequency of accelerations at different thresholds during games.METHODS: Seventeen varsity-level female ice hockey players (20 [1.4]y, 68.9 [4.9]kg, 167.6 [4.7]cm) participated in an on-ice practice session (performing 3 * 40-m linear sprints) and 4 regular-season games while being monitored using a local positioning system. Speed and acceleration were recorded from the sprint and within-game monitoring. Time on ice spent in relative skating speed zones and the frequency of accelerations at different intensities were recorded.RESULTS: Players' greatest peak speeds (29.5 [1.3] vs 28.3 [1.1]km/h) and accelerations (4.39 [0.48] vs 3.34 [0.36]m/s2) reached during gameplay were higher than those reached in linear sprinting (both P < .01). Peak in-game values were moderately predicted by linear sprint values for speed (r = .69, P < .01) but not for acceleration (r < .01, P = .95). Players spent little time at near-peak linear sprint speeds (≥80% [22.7km/h], 3% time on ice; ≥90% [25.5km/h], <1% of time on ice) during gameplay. However, 26% to 35% of accelerations recorded during the 4 games were ≥90% of linear sprint acceleration.CONCLUSIONS: Although skating speed may be advantageous in specific game situations, our results suggest that players spend little time at near-maximal speeds while accelerating frequently during games. This warrants further investigation of direction changes, skating transitions, repeated sprints, and other determinant variables potentially related to on-ice success and the implementation of training strategies to improve repeated acceleration or qualities beyond maximal skating speed. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Prevalence of and factors associated with zero-dose and under-immunized children in selected areas of Bangladesh: Findings from Lot Quality Assurance Sampling Survey. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the era of Gavi's 5.0 vision of leaving no one behind with immunization, childhood routine vaccination in missed communities is considered as a priority concern. Despite having a success story at the national level, low uptake of immunization is still persistent in selected pocket areas of Bangladesh. However, prevalence and the associated factors of zero-dose (ZD) and under-immunization (UI) are still unknown at those geo-pockets of Bangladesh. Thus, the study aims to report and identify the factors associated with ZD and UI in selected geographical locations.METHODS: This study used data from a Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) survey where 504 households from 18 clusters of four hard to reach (HTR) and one urban slum were included. Caregivers of children aged 4.5 to 23months were interviewed. Three outcome variables- ZD, UI and ZD/UI were considered and several related attributes were considered as independent variables. Data were analyzed through bivariate analysis, binary logistic regression and dominance analysis.RESULTS: Overall, 32% of the children were either ZD (8%) or UI (26%) in the selected areas. The adjusted odds of ZD/UI for urban slum and haor (wetlands) areas were 5.62 and 3.61 respectively considering coastal areas as reference. However, distance of nearest EPI center, availability of EPI card, age of caregivers, education and occupation of mother and number of earning members in household were influential factors for ZD/UI. According to dominance analysis, availability of EPI card can explain the most of the variation of ZD/UI in this study.CONCLUSION: The study findings highlight the high prevalence ZD/UI in certain geo-pockets of the country. It provided a powerful insight of current situation and associated factors in regards to ZD/UI in the country which will help policy-makers and programme managers in designing programmes to reduce missed communities in Bangladesh. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Developing three-dimensional mechanical metamaterials with tailorable bandgaps for impact mitigation | [] | Abstract: A novel three-dimensional mechanical metamaterial with low frequency bandgaps and negative Poisson's ratio is designed, consisting of a conventional three-dimensional reentrant structure and periodic resonators, with the aim of achieving vibration isolation and impact mitigation. The bandgap characteristic of the proposed metamaterial is determined computationally, and its dispersion diagram exhibits both partial bandgaps and a complete bandgap within a frequency band of interest. The mechanism for bandgap occurrence is characterised as the local resonance of ligaments and resonators, according to a vibration mode analysis. The wave attenuation capacity of the proposed metamaterial is derived numerically and experimentally from semi-infinite and finite-size metamaterial models, showing a good agreement with the predicted bandgap. Additionally, a thorough study on the design flexibility indicates that the bandgap characteristic can be directly tailored by changing the geometrical parameters of the proposed metamaterial. This allows further optimisation of the metamaterial for potential applications. The dynamic performance of the proposed metamaterial under an impact load is investigated by a finite element model. This demonstrates that the metamaterial reduces the transmitted force by a factor of 1.6 (for peak value) and 2.0 (for root mean square value) under a pulse impact with a duration of 0.88 ms. The impact mitigation result obtained from the impact test confirms that the metamaterial shows a mitigation capacity which is approximately 20% better than that of the conventional reentrant structure. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Mass capture fishing in the Marquesas Islands | [] | Abstract: Mass capture of small fishes with a variety of nets, traps, and weirs was widely practiced and economically important across East Polynesia at western contact. Archaeological research, however, has suggested these technologies were less important during the early settlement period and gained prominence over time. Several explanations have been proposed, including resource depression, changes in marine environments, and/or social and economic reorientations. In the Marquesas Islands, pelagic and offshore fishes were historically well represented in early assemblages relative to most Polynesian islands. Here we report on fishbone assemblages from Nuku Hiva Island that were recovered with fine mesh screens, identified using a wide range of skeletal elements, and analysed with morphometric methods. The Hakaea Beach results demonstrate that mass capture of small fishes was especially important at this locality and sustained over three early, successive occupations. These patterns may reflect the nature of the local fisheries, preferential use of high-return capture strategies in this reef-limited setting, and/or purposeful avoidance of ciguatera-prone fishes and a preference for less vulnerable fishes. Overall, our findings highlight geographic variation in early Marquesan fisheries and provide archaeological evidence that mass capture technologies had an important place in the maritime toolkits of the earliest East Polynesian fishers. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Leveraging logical definitions and lexical features to detect missing IS-A relations in biomedical terminologies. | [] | Abstract: Biomedical terminologies play a vital role in managing biomedical data. Missing IS-A relations in a biomedical terminology could be detrimental to its downstream usages. In this paper, we investigate an approach combining logical definitions and lexical features to discover missing IS-A relations in two biomedical terminologies: SNOMED CT and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) thesaurus. The method is applied to unrelated concept-pairs within non-lattice subgraphs: graph fragments within a terminology likely to contain various inconsistencies. Our approach first compares whether the logical definition of a concept is more general than that ofthe other concept. Then, we check whether the lexical features of the concept are contained in those ofthe other concept. If both constraints are satisfied, we suggest a potentially missing IS-A relation between the two concepts. The method identified 982 potential missing IS-A relations for SNOMED CT and 100 for NCI thesaurus. In order to assess the efficacy of our approach, a random sample of results belonging to the Clinical Findings and Procedure subhierarchies of SNOMED CT and results belonging to the Drug, Food, Chemical or Biomedical Material subhierarchy of the NCI thesaurus were evaluated by domain experts. The evaluation results revealed that 118 out of 150 suggestions are valid for SNOMED CT and 17 out of 20 are valid for NCI thesaurus. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Enhanced neural synchronization during social communications between dyads with high autistic traits. | [] | Abstract: Autism is characterized by atypical social communication styles. To investigate whether individuals with high autistic traits could still have effective social communication among each other, we compared the behavioral patterns and communication quality within 64 dyads of college students paired with both high, both low, and mixed high-low (HL) autistic traits, with their gender matched. Results revealed that the high-high (HH) autistic dyads exhibited atypical behavioral patterns during conversations, including reduced mutual gaze, communicational turns, and emotional sharing compared with the low-low and/or HL autistic dyads. However, the HH autistic dyads displayed enhanced interpersonal neural synchronization during social communications measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy, suggesting an effective communication style. Besides, they also provided more positive subjective evaluations of the conversations. These findings highlight the potential for alternative pathways to effectively communicate with the autistic community, contribute to a deeper understanding of how high autistic traits influence social communication dynamics among autistic individuals, and provide important insights for the clinical practices for supporting autistic people. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Practical Guide to Assessment Tool Development for Surgical Education Research | [] | Abstract: This Guide to Statistics and Methods describes the process of validation and gathering validity evidence for assessment tool development for surgical education research. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
The importance of global bioethics to paediatric health care. | [] | Abstract: The paradigm of values adopted by the global health community has a palpable, albeit often unseen, impact on patient health care. In this Viewpoint, we investigate an inherent tension in the core values of medical ethics and clinical practice that could explain why paediatric health care faces resource constraints despite compelling economic and societal imperatives to prioritise child health and wellbeing. The dominant narrative in the philosophy of medicine tends to disproportionately underscore values of independence and self-determination, which becomes problematic in the context of paediatric patients, who by their very nature epitomise vulnerability and dependence. A double-jeopardy situation arises when disadvantaged children see their inherent dependence leveraged against them. We illustrate this predicament through specific examples relating to rights and obligations and to autonomy. Alternative value perspectives-communitarianism and relational autonomy-might offer more robust protection for vulnerable children. A shift away from the dominant narrative towards a more explicit and inclusive discussion of values is necessary. Such a shift requires giving a legitimate platform to diverse perspectives, with the presumption that collective moral progress is possible; this endeavour is embodied by global bioethics. Successful implementation of global bioethics, in turn, hinges on close collaboration between practicing clinicians and bioethicists. Taking global bioethics seriously and actively pursuing collaboration could help the global health community achieve more equitable health care. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
The biomedicalization of pregnancy prevention, neoliberal feminism, and college women's experiences of the contraceptive paradox. | [] | Abstract: Research examining the contraceptive paradox has illuminated how contraception can be a source of empowerment for some and oppression for others. This study advances theorizing of the contraceptive paradox by illustrating how 45 young women experience contraception as both liberating and constraining due to a confluence of biomedicalization processes, gender inequality, and neoliberal feminism. Drawing on focus group data, we find that the biomedicalization of pregnancy prevention and neoliberal feminist discourse, in combination with experiences of social and economic privilege and gender inequality in fertility work, shape participants' interpretation of contraceptive technology as a key resource for individually liberating themselves from undesired pregnancy. At the same time, their experiences indicate prescription contraception plays an oppressive role in their lives. In addition to blaming themselves and their bodies for negative contraceptive side effects, participants take for granted that assuming sole responsibility for contraceptive use in their relationships with men is the price they must pay to feel free. The findings indicate that addressing a social problem using an individualized biomedical solution obscures the power that structural inequalities exert over pregnancy-capable people, including relatively privileged young women. As an expression of biopower, these dynamics prompted participants to emphasize distributive justice over social justice, foreclosing their engagement in collective action. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Diversity Is Diverse: Social Justice Reparations and Science | [] | Abstract: Because the term diversity has two related but different meanings, what authors mean when they use the term is inherently unclear. In its broad form, it refers to vast variety. In its narrow form, it refers to human demographic categories deemed deserving of special attention by social justice-oriented activists. In this article, I review Hommel's critique of Roberts et al. (2020), which, I suggest, essentially constitutes two claims: that Roberts et al.'s (2020) call for diversity in psychological science focuses exclusively on the latter narrow form of diversity and ignores the scientific importance of diversity in the broader sense, and ignoring diversity in the broader sense is scientifically unjustified. Although Hommel's critique is mostly justified, this is not because Roberts et al. (2020) are wrong to call for greater social justice-oriented demographic diversity in psychology but because Hommel's call for the broader form of diversity subsumes that of Roberts et al. (2020) and has other aspects critical to creating a valid, generalizable, rigorous, and inclusive psychological science. In doing so, I also highlight omissions, limitations, and potential downsides to the narrow manner in which psychology and the broader academy are currently implementing diversity, equity, and inclusion. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Effect of radiotherapy on the surface roughness and microhardness of contemporary bioactive restorative materials | [] | Abstract: Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of radiotherapy on the surface microhardness and roughness of different bioactive restorative materials. Materials and methods A total of 60-disc specimens (5 mm x 2 mm) were performed in four groups (n = 15 each) from Equia Forte HT, Cention N, Activa Bioactive Restorative, and Beautifil II. Following the polishing procedure (600, 1000, 1200 grit silicon carbide papers), all specimens were irradiated at 2 Gy per fraction, five times a week for a total dose of 70 Gy in 30 fractions over 7 weeks. Before and after the irradiation, the specimens were analyzed regarding the surface roughness and microhardness. Surface morphology was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon test, and paired sample t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results Significant differences were found after radiation with increased mean roughness of both Cention N (p = 0.001) and Beautifil II (p < 0.001) groups. In terms of microhardness, only the Beautifil II group showed significant differences with decreased values after radiation. There were statistically significant differences among the groups' roughness and microhardness data before and after radiotherapy (p < 0.05). Conclusion The effect of radiotherapy might differ according to the type of the restorative material. Although results may differ for other tested materials, giomer tends to exhibit worse behaviour in terms of both surface roughness and microhardness. Clinical relevance In patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy, it should be taken into consideration that the treatment process may also have negative effects on the surface properties of anti-caries restorative materials. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Performance in Irish Selection and Future Performance in Surgical Training | [] | Abstract: Importance Selection processes for surgical training should aim to identify candidates who will become competent independent practitioners and should aspire to high standards of reliability and validity. Objective To determine the association between measured candidate factors at the time of an Irish selection and assessment outcomes in surgical training, examined via rate of progression to Higher Specialist Training (HST), attrition rates, and performance as assessed through a multimodal framework of workplace-based and simulation-based assessments. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective observational cohort study included data from all successful applicants to the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) national Core Surgical Training (CST) program. Participants included all trainees recruited to dedicated postgraduate surgical training from 2016 to 2020. These data were analyzed from July 11, 2016, through July 10, 2022. Exposures Selection decisions were based on a composite score that was derived from technical aptitude assessments, undergraduate academic performance, and a 4-station multiple mini-interview. Main outcomes and measures Assessment data, attrition rates, and rates of progression to HST were recorded for each trainee. CST performance was assessed using workplace-based and simulation-based technical and nontechnical skill assessments. Potential associations between selection and assessment measures were explored using Pearson correlation, logistic regression, and multiple linear-regression analyses. Results Data were available for 303 trainees. Composite scores were positively associated with progression to HST (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.13). There was a weak positive correlation, ranging from 0.23 to 0.34, between scores and performance across all CST assessments. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed technical aptitude scores at application were associated with future operative performance assessment scores, both in the workplace (beta = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.14-0.48) and simulated environments (beta = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33-0.81). There was evidence that the interpersonal skills interview station was associated with future performance in simulated communication skill assessments (beta = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.22-0.87). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, performance at the time of Irish national selection, measured across technical and nontechnical domains in a multimodal fashion, was associated with future performance in the workplace and in simulated environments. Future studies will be required to explore the consequential validity of selection, including potential unintended effects of selection and ranking on candidate performance. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Drug Promotions Between Ethics, Regulations, and Financial Interests. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: The promotion of the latest medicines produced by the pharmaceutical industry is an important issue both from an ethical point of view (the level of accessibility, the way research is carried out) and from the point of view of marketing and especially from the lobbying issues raised.AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY: The ethical dilemmas raised by the promotion of new drugs revolve between the need to discover new molecules important for treating a wide range of diseases and the need to establish a battery of ethical rules, absolutely necessary for regulations in the field to be compliant with all ethical principles.DATA SOURCES: A literature search was conducted through PubMed, MEDLINE, Plus, Scopus, and Web of Science (2015-2023) using combinations of keywords, including drugs, medical publicity, and pharma marketing plus ethical dilemma.ETHICS AND THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES: The promotion of medicines is governed by advertising laws and regulations in many countries, including at EU level, based on the need for countries to ensure that the promotion and advertising of medicines is truthful, based on information understood by consumers. The ethical analysis of the issues raised is more necessary and complex as the channels used for promotion are more accessible to the population, and the information, easier to obtain, can be the cause of increased self-medication and overeating. Large amounts of money invested in the development of new molecules, but also the risk of scientific fraud through manipulation of data during clinical trials, selective or biased publication of information can have repercussions on the health of the population.CONCLUSIONS: The development of new pharmaceutical molecules is necessary to intervene and treat as many conditions as possible, but marketing must not neglect the observance of ethical principles. The promotion of medicines should be the attribute especially of the medical staff, which should also be a mandatory part of the mechanism for approving the marketing methods and means used by the pharmaceutical companies. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST trial), a school-based cluster randomised controlled trial of the DISCOVER workshop for 16-18-year-olds: recruitment and baseline characteristics. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial (BESST) is an England-wide school-based cluster randomised controlled trial assessing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an open-access psychological workshop programme (DISCOVER) for 16-18-year-olds. This baseline paper describes the self-referral and other recruitment processes used in this study and the baseline characteristics of the enrolled schools and participants.METHOD: We enrolled 900 participants from 57 Secondary schools across England from 4th October 2021 to 10th November 2022. Schools were randomised to receive either the DISCOVER day-long Stress workshop or treatment as usual which included signposting information. Participants will be followed up for 6months with outcome data collection at baseline, 3-month, and 6-month post randomisation.RESULTS: Schools were recruited from a geographically and ethnically diverse sample across England. To reduce stigma, students were invited to self-refer into the study if they wanted help for stress. Their mean age was 17.2 (SD=0.6), 641 (71%) were female and 411 (45.6%) were from ethnic minority groups. The general wellbeing of our sample measured using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) found 314 (35%) of students exhibited symptoms of depression at baseline. Eighty percent of students reported low wellbeing on the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) suggesting that although the overall sample mean is below the cut-off for depression, the self-referral approach used in this study supports distressed students in coming forward.CONCLUSION: The BESST study will continue to follow up participants to collect outcome data and results will be analysed once all the data have been collected.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN registry ISRCTN90912799. Registered on 28 May 2020. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Relationship between classic indicators of health behaviour and contraceptive choices in women in Flanders. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study we shed light on ongoing trends in contraceptive use in Flanders (Belgium). Building on the fundamental cause theory and social diffusion of innovation theory, we examine socio-economic gradients in contraceptive use and the relationship to health behaviours.METHODS: Using the unique and recently collected (2020) ISALA data, we used multinomial logistic regression to model the uptake of contraceptives and its association to educational level and health behaviour (N:4316 women).RESULTS: Higher educated women, and women with a healthy lifestyle especially, tend to use non-hormonal contraceptives or perceived lower-dosage hormonal contraceptives that are still trustworthy from a medical point of view. Moreover, we identified a potentially vulnerable group in terms of health as our results indicate that women who do not engage in preventive health behaviours are more likely to use no, or no modern, contraceptive method.DISCUSSION: The fact that higher educated women and women with a healthy lifestyle are less likely to use hormonal contraceptive methods is in line with patient empowerment, as women no longer necessarily follow recommendations by healthcare professionals, and there is a growing demand for naturalness in Western societies.CONCLUSION: The results of this study can therefore be used to inform policy makers and reproductive healthcare professionals, since up-to-date understanding of women's contraceptive choices is clearly needed in order to develop effective strategies to prevent sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies, and in which women can take control over their sexuality and fertility in a comfortable and pleasurable way. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Why did Rubens add a parrot to Titian's The Fall of Man? A pictorial manipulation of joint attention. | [] | Abstract: Almost 400 years ago, Rubens copied Titian's The Fall of Man, albeit with important changes. Rubens altered Titian's original composition in numerous ways, including by changing the gaze directions of the depicted characters and adding a striking red parrot to the painting. Here, we quantify the impact of Rubens's choices on the viewer's gaze behavior. We displayed digital copies of Rubens's and Titian's artworks-as well as a version of Rubens's painting with the parrot digitally removed-on a computer screen while recording the eye movements produced by observers during free visual exploration of each image. To assess the effects of Rubens's changes to Titian's composition, we directly compared multiple gaze parameters across the different images. We found that participants gazed at Eve's face more frequently in Rubens's painting than in Titian's. In addition, gaze positions were more tightly focused for the former than for the latter, consistent with different allocations of viewer interest. We also investigated how gaze fixation on Eve's face affected the perceptual visibility of the parrot in Rubens's composition and how the parrot's presence versus its absence impacted gaze dynamics. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Rubens's critical deviations from Titian's painting have powerful effects on viewers' oculomotor behavior. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Feasibility and impact of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in simulated teaching of congenital malformations. | [] | Abstract: AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in the simulation teaching of congenital malformations.METHODS: We conducted a comparative analysis between an experimental group that received traditional teaching supplemented with 3D printing model demonstrations and hands-on model operation, and a control group that received traditional teaching methods. Various parameters, including classroom interest, classroom interaction, learning enthusiasm, disease awareness, teaching satisfaction, and independent operation confidence, were assessed, along with theoretical and practical tests.RESULTS: The results showed no significant difference in theoretical test scores between the two groups (91.92±15.04 vs. 89.44±14.89), but the practical test revealed a significantly higher number of qualified trainees in the experimental group compared to the control group (23 vs. 8). In terms of classroom engagement, both groups exhibited similar levels of interest (8.08±1.52 vs. 8.74±0.984), classroom interaction (7.88±1.97 vs. 8.7±1.33), learning enthusiasm (8.81±1.021 vs. 8.52±1.189), and disease awareness (8.58±0.99 vs. 8.58±0.99). However, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher teaching satisfaction (8.81±1.06 vs. 9.19±0.96) and greater operation confidence (7.67±2.56 vs. 5.5±2.79) than the control group.CONCLUSION: 3D printing technology can be effectively utilized to create surgical teaching models, enhancing the confidence of standardized training doctors and improving teaching outcomes. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Water and fluidity in İz Öztat's heterochronic imaginaries in the aftermath of genocide | [] | Abstract: Between the years 2013-2016, the artist & Idot;z & Ouml;ztat created four distinct bodies of work, all of which engaged aspects of water. This period was marked in Turkey by the heightened tensions around the neoliberal (re)distribution of public space and public resources, which escalated in the aftermath of the Gezi Park Protests of 2013. In this article, the author argues that, beyond its immediate critique of contemporary capitalist appropriation, & Ouml;ztat's engagement with water builds relations across time, space, and species to recall histories of the Armenian Genocide, challenging the denials of official historiography. By tapping into the linguistic, cultural, and material imaginaries of water, and learning from the present-day water protection movements, & Ouml;ztat engages the diverse histories carried across waterways. Water becomes a nexus through which the artist locates and articulates the physical and epistemic violence of modernity, particularly as it indexes community, conscience, and ecology from the late 19th century to the present. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Durable polyvinylpyrrolidone superhydrophilic modified ZIF-8 mesh membrane for gravitational oil-water separation and oil recovery | [] | Abstract: Developing a superhydrophilic/underwater oleophobic mesh membrane using an economical and eco-friendly method is still challenging to achieve high efficiency for oily wastewater separation. In this study, we proposed a novel approach to fabricate superhydrophilic/underwater oleophobic PVP/ZIF-8 coatings on stainless steel (SS) mesh using a low-cost and environmentally friendly electrodeposition method. The prepared PVP/ZIF8@SS mesh membrane exhibited remarkable self-cleaning and anti -oil -fouling properties, along with a strong chemical robustness in extreme environments. Additionally, the mesh membrane demonstrated strong antimicrobial ability and excellent corrosion resistance property. The mesh membrane also showed promising potential in gravitational oil -water separation and oil recovery, achieving a separation efficiency of 99.0% and a water flux of 3.8 x 103 L & sdot;m-2 & sdot;h-1 for rapeseed oil -water mixtures. Importantly, the PVP/ZIF-8@SS mesh membrane maintained exceptional separation efficiency, high water flux, and underwater oleophobicity properties even after undergoing 35 cycles of oil -water separations. The oil -water separation mechanism of the PVP/ZIF-8@SS mesh membrane suggested that the surface of the mesh membrane contained PVP/ZIF-8 particles with a significant negative charge. These particles preferentially interacted with positively charged water, facilitating the rapid passage of water phase through the pores, while impeding the permeation of negatively charged oil phase. This research provides an effective strategy for practical applications, including marine oil spill cleanup, oily wastewater treatment, and recycling of residual cooking oil in the restaurant industry. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Direct impact of COVID-19 vaccination in Chile: averted cases, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Chile rapidly implemented an extensive COVID-19 vaccination campaign, deploying a diversityof vaccines with a strategy that prioritized the elderly and individuals with comorbidities. This study aims to assessthedirect impact of vaccination on the number of COVID-19 related cases, hospital admissions, ICU admissions and deaths averted during the first year and a half of the campaign.METHODS: Via Chile's transparency law, we obtained access to weekly event counts categorized by vaccination status and age. Integrating this data with publicly available census and vaccination coverage information, we conducted a comparative analysis of weekly incidence rates between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups from December 20, 2020 to July 2, 2022 to estimate the direct impact of vaccination in terms of the number of cases, hospitalizations, ICU admissions and deaths averted, using an approach that avoids the need to explicitly specify the effectiveness of each vaccine deployed.RESULTS: We estimated that, from December 20, 2020 to July 2, 2022 the vaccination campaign directly prevented 1,030,648 (95%Confidence Interval: 1,016,975-1,044,321) cases, 268,784 (95%CI: 264,524-273,045) hospitalizations, 85,830 (95%CI: 83,466-88,194) ICU admissions and 75,968 (95%CI: 73,909-78,028) deaths related to COVID-19 among individuals aged 16 years and older. This corresponds to a reduction of 26% of cases, 66% of hospital admissions, 70% of ICU admissions and 67% of deaths compared to a scenario without vaccination. Individuals 55 years old or older represented 67% of hospitalizations, 73% of ICU admissions and 89% of deaths related to COVID-19 prevented.CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the role of Chile's vaccination campaign in reducing COVID-19 disease burden, with the most substantial reductions observed in severe outcomes. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
We've Got a New One-Exploring the Resident-Fellow New Admission Interaction and Opportunities for Enhancing Motivation. | [] | Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the phases of a new admission interaction between collaborating pediatric residents and fellows; to explore trainee perspectives on motivating and demotivating qualities of that interaction; and to identify behaviors that lead to an optimal new admission interaction.METHODS: The authors used modified grounded theory with experiential learning theory and self-determination theory as sensitizing concepts to conduct 6 focus groups and journey mapping at Stanford Children's Health from January to March 2021. The sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two authors independently coded the transcripts and developed categories and themes using constant comparison, while a third author reviewed these findings. The qualitative data were triangulated with surveys and journey mapping dataand conceptualized into a model of trainee motivation during the new admission interaction. They outlined an optimal new admission interaction using behaviors consistently described by participants as motivating.RESULTS: Developing inter-trainee trust and educational buy-in is essential for both residents and fellows to feel intrinsically motivated and engaged during a new admission. Residents need to feel autonomous, competent, and related to the team in order to develop trust and buy-in. Fellows require assurance of patient safety to develop trustand a sense of self-efficacy in fostering resident growth to develop buy-in. Lack of trust or buy-in from either party leads to a cycle of trainee disengagement.CONCLUSIONS: Trainee motivation and engagement with patient care can be impacted by discreet, modifiable behavior by their fellow or resident counterpart, which may help improve the quality of care delivered. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Conversational Speech Behaviors Are Context Dependent. | [] | Abstract: PURPOSE: According to the interpersonal synergy model of spoken dialogue, interlocutors modify their communicative behaviors to meet the contextual demands of a given conversation. Although a growing body of research supports this postulation for linguistic behaviors (e.g., semantics, syntax), little is understood about how this model applies to speech behaviors (e.g., speech rate, pitch). The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that interlocutors adjust their speech behaviors across different conversational tasks with different conversational goals.METHOD: In this study, 28 participants each engaged in two different types of conversations (i.e., relational and informational) with two partners (i.e., Partner 1 and Partner 2), yielding a total of 112 conversations. We compared six acoustic measures of participant speech behavior across conversational task and partner.RESULTS: Linear mixed-effects models demonstrated significant differences between speech feature measures in informational and relational conversations. Furthermore, these findings were generally robust across conversations with different partners.CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that contextual demands influence speech behaviors. These findings provide empirical support for the interpersonal synergy model and highlight important considerations for assessing speech behaviors in individuals with communication disorders. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
International Migration and Cardiovascular Health: Unraveling the Disease Burden Among Migrants to North America and Europe. | [] | Abstract: Europe and North America are the 2largest recipients of international migrants from low-resource regions in the world. Here, large differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and death exist between migrants and the host populations. This review discusses the CVD burden and its most important contributors among the largest migrant groups in Europe and North America as well as the consequences of migration to high-income countries on CVD diagnosis and therapy. The available evidence indicates that migrants in Europe and North America generally have a higher CVD risk compared with the host populations. Cardiometabolic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors are important contributors to their increased CVD risk. However, despite these common denominators, there are important ethnic differences in the propensity to develop CVD that relate to pre- and postmigration factors, such as socioeconomic status, cultural factors, lifestyle, psychosocial stress, access to health care and health care usage. Some of these pre- and postmigration environmental factors may interact with genetic (epigenetics) and microbial factors, which further influence their CVD risk. The limited number of prospective cohorts and clinical trials in migrant populations remains an important culprit for better understanding pathophysiological mechanism driving health differences and for developing ethnic-specific CVD risk prediction and care. Only by improved understanding of the complex interaction among human biology, migration-related factors, and sociocultural determinants of health influencing CVD risk will we be able to mitigate these differences and truly make inclusive personalized treatment possible. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Older Adults' Metaphorical Perceptions of Aging in Turkey. | [] | Abstract: PURPOSE: To determine older adults' metaphorical perceptions of the concept of aging.METHOD: Participants in this qualitative study comprised 57 older adults as determined using convenience and criterion sampling methods. Data were obtained using a personal data form and the metaphor form and analyzed with descriptive and content analysis techniques.RESULTS: Fifty-seven metaphors were identified within three themes: 24 within Mental Aspect, 18 within Physical Aspect, and 15 within Psychosocial Aspect.CONCLUSION: The fact that most metaphors appeared within the Mental Aspect theme was interpreted as an indication that participants felt the effects of aging more in the mental dimension. Results of the research show that aging is perceived as experience and accumulation mentally, as inadequacy physically, and as the end or loneliness psychosocially. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(5), 27-34.]. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Eliciting Empathy Embedded in Design Conversations: Empathic Perspective-Taking of Design Teachers Towards Design Students, Users and Materials | [] | Abstract: This paper aims to interrogate the design studio conversations between teachers and students in order to explore the indicators regarding empathy. To investigate design conversations occurring between design teachers and design students, participant observation studies were conducted at two universities in Finland and Turkey. As an empathic indicator, we addressed (1) how design teachers take the perspective of other agencies and (2) what deliveries are utilised for empathic perspective-taking. It was understood that design teachers identify themselves with both human and non-human agencies as design students, users and materials. Moreover, deliveries leading to the identification of design teachers with these agencies included both discursive and performative means. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Reawakening of Indigenous matriarchal systems: A feminist approach to organizational leadership. | [] | Abstract: Leadership models that uphold feminist qualities of mutuality, collaboration, and distribution of power can foster organizational and community success. Utilizing a systems perspective grounded in land-based analogies can assist with understanding the diversity and strength that come from entire ecosystems around wicked social issues. While Indigenous leadership models have supported such perspectives since time immemorial, current and ongoing acts of colonialism driven by patriarchal systems and violent gender-based policies and procedures have eroded matriarchal leadership models that sustained what is now known as Canada for generations. Reflections of two evolving Indigenous women in leadership note the opportunities to reawaken matriarchal values in organizational and community leadership as a powerful act of reconciliation. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Evaluating the health and economic outcomes of a PCV15 vaccination program for adults aged 65years-and-above in Switzerland. | [] | Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the health and economic outcomes of a PCV13 or PCV15 age-based (65years-and-above) vaccination program in Switzerland.INTERVENTIONS: The three vaccination strategies examined were:Target population: All adults aged 65years-and-above. Perspective(s): Switzerland health care payer.TIME HORIZON: 35years. Discount rate: 3.0%. Costing year: 2023 Swiss Francs (CHF).STUDY DESIGN: A static Markov state-transition model.DATA SOURCES: Published literature and publicly available databases or reports.OUTCOME MEASURES: Pneumococcal diseases (PD) i.e., invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP); total quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), total costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (CHF/QALY gained).RESULTS: Using an assumed coverage of 60%, the PCV15 strategy prevented a substantially higher number of cases/deaths than the PCV13 strategy when compared to the No vaccination strategy (1,078 IPD; 21,155 NBPP; 493 deaths). The overall total QALYs were 10,364,620 (PCV15), 10,364,070 (PCV13), and 10,362,490 (no vaccination). The associated overall total costs were CHF 741,949,814 (PCV15), CHF 756,051,954 (PCV13) and CHF 698,329,579 (no vaccination). Thus, the PCV13 strategy was strongly dominated by the PCV15 strategy. The ICER of the PCV15 strategy (vs. no vaccination) was CHF 20,479/QALY gained. In two scenario analyses where the vaccine effectiveness for serotype 3 were reduced (75% to 39.3% for IPD; 45% to 23.6% for NBPP) and NBPP incidence was increased (from 1,346 to 1,636/100,000), the resulting ICERs were CHF 29,432 and CHF 13,700/QALY gained, respectively. The deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of the qualitative results-the estimated ICERs for the PCV15 strategy (vs. No vaccination) were all below CHF 30,000/QALYs gained.CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that using PCV15 among adults aged 65years-and-above can prevent a substantial number of PD cases and deaths while remaining cost-effective over a range of inputs and scenarios. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
On Professor Robert Lipschitz, MB, ChB, PhD(Med), FRCS(Edin) and the Spinal Cord Injury Service, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. | [] | Abstract: Professor Robert Lipschitz, MB, ChB, PhD(Med), FRCS(Edin) was a pioneer who established the Spinal Cord Injury Unit, at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. A brief description of his academic and clinical accomplishments is given. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Trends and Disparities in Treatment and Control of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in US Adults, 1999 to 2018. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although cardiovascular mortality continued declining from 2000 to 2019, the rate of this decrease decelerated. We aimed to assess the trends and disparities in risk factor control and treatment among US adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease to find potential causes of the deceleration.METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 55,021 participants, aged ≥20years, from the 1999 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included, of which 5717 were with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Risk factor control was defined as hemoglobin A1c <7%, blood pressure <140/90mmHg, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100mg/dL. The prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease oscillated between 7.3% and 8.9% from 1999 to 2018. A significant increasing trend was observed in the prevalence of diabetes, obesity, heavy alcohol consumption, and self-reported hypertension within the population with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (Ptrend≤0.001). Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100mg/dL increased from 7.1% in 1999 to 2002 to 15.7% in 2003 to 2006, before plateauing. Blood pressure control (<140/90mmHg) increased until 2011 to 2014, but declined to 70.1% in 2015 to 2018 (Ptrend<0.001, Pjoinpoint=0.14). Similarly, the proportion of participants achieving hemoglobin A1c control began to decrease after 2006 (Pjoinpoint=0.05, Ptrend=0.001). The percentage of participants achieving all 3 targets increased significantly from 4.5% to 18.6% across 1999 to 2018 (Ptrend=0.02), but the increasing trend decelerated after 2005 to 2006 (Pjoinpoint<0.001). Striking disparities in risk factor control and medication use persisted between sexes, and between different racial and ethnic populations.CONCLUSIONS: Worsened control of glycemia, blood pressure, obesity, and alcohol consumption, leveled lipid control, and persistent socioeconomic disparities may be contributing factors to the observed deceleration in decreasing cardiovascular mortality trends. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Estimation of off-the grid sparse spikes with over-parametrized projected gradient descent: theory and application | [] | Abstract: In this article, we study the problem of recovering sparse spikes with over-parametrized projected descent. We first provide a theoretical study of approximate recovery with our chosen initialization method: Continuous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit without Sliding. Then we study the effect of over-parametrization on the gradient descent which highlights the benefits of the projection step. Finally, we show the improved calculation times of our algorithm compared to state-of-the-art model-based methods on realistic simulated microscopy data. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Effectiveness of digital and analog learning methods for learning anatomical structures in physiotherapy education. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: According to the German Physiotherapy Education and Qualification Regulations, teaching of anatomical structures is one of the fundamental subjects of physiotherapy education. Besides exhibits and models, anatomy atlases are usually used as teaching and learning tools. These are available in both analog form such as printed books or in digital form as a mobile application. Furthermore, the use of digital teaching and learning tools is steadily increasing within the education of health professionals.AIM: To assess the efficacy of a digital educational tool in contrast to an analog anatomical atlas in acquiring knowledge about anatomical structures.MATERIAL AND METHOD: The data collection took place in the context of an anatomy tutorial for students of the bachelor's degree program in physiotherapy. In a cross-over design, the students completed two learning assignments, each, with different learning materials provided, either with an anatomy app on a tablet or with an anatomy atlas as a book. The tests to assess the newly acquired knowledge immediately after the task, consisted of questions about the anatomical structures of the knee as well as the shoulder. In addition, the students' satisfaction with the learning materials provided was surveyed using a questionnaire. The survey assessed their satisfaction, their assessment of learning success, and their affinity to digital learning materials. This was done using a 5-point Likert scale and a free-text field. The data was analyzed descriptively, and group differences were calculated using a t-tests.RESULTS: Thirty students participated. The group comparison showed a significantly better outcome for the group that prepared with the analog anatomy atlas for the questions on the knee than the comparison group that used the anatomy app (t(28)=2.6; p=0.007). For the questions concerning the shoulder, there was no significant difference between the digital and analog groups (t(28)=1.14; p=0.26). The questionnaire revealed that satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas was significantly higher than with the anatomy app. A total of 93.34% rated their experience with the analog learning tool at least somewhat satisfied. In contrast, 72.67% of students partially or fully agreed that they enjoyed learning with digital learning tools.DISCUSSION: Learning anatomical structures with the Human Anatomy Atlas 2023+app did not show a clear advantage when compared to an anatomy book in these two cohorts of physiotherapy students. The results of the questionnaire also showed greater satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas than with the anatomy app, whereas most students stated that they frequently use digital learning tools, including some for anatomical structures. Satisfaction with the learning tool seems to play a central role in their effectiveness. In addition, sufficient time must be provided for users to familiarize themselves with the user interface of digital applications to use them effectively.REGISTRATION: Diese klinische Studie wurde nicht in einem Studienregister registriert. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Art and Pediatric Orthopaedics: Repin and Inclusiveness. | [] | Abstract: A famous painting of the 19th century, by Ilia Repin, of a religious procession depicts the pageantry of the event but also draws the attention of the viewer to the exclusion of a disabled child from the festivities. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
A 'must-have' book for vets working with aquatic species. | [] | Abstract: Reviewed by Matthijs Metselaar, a specialist in fish health and production. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Cognitive, social, and mental health functions of refugee children - screening and supportive actions at school: a study protocol. | [] | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite a world-leading educational system, an achievement gap in educational outcomes exists between children of refugee background and native-born peers in Finland. To offer targeted support for children at schools, we need to be able to reliably assess and understand the interplay of the aspects of children's cognitive, social, and mental health functions that may explain the underachievement of refugee children. This study tests a novel research-based, universally applicable screening battery for evaluating cognitive, social, and mental health functioning of children at schools and planning supportive actions. It aims to answer research questions about a) the cognitive, social, and mental health functioning of refugee children compared with non-refugee immigrant and native-born children, b) the interplay of these different functions among refugee and other children,c) whether implementing a screening battery can inform schools in planning supportive actions for (refugee) children, and d) whether such supportive actions result in improvements in cognitive, social, and mental health functioning.METHODS: Four hundred fifty children aged 10-12 will be recruited from primary schools, including 150 children of refugee background, 150 of non-refugee immigrant background, and 150 native-born Finnish children. A screening battery including tasks and questionnaires on different aspects of cognitive, social, and mental health functioning will be used to assess the children in their classrooms at the start and end of a school year. Supporting information will also be collected from parents and teachers. The information gathered will be collated into class-level feedback reports for teachers and, with parental permission, individualized reports for multiprofessional student welfare bodies, for informing supportive actions. Correlational and latent profile analyses, ANOVAs, and linear regression will be used to answer the research questions.DISCUSSION: This study will help clarify how the interplay of cognitive, social, and mental health factors may explain underachievement at school among refugee children. It will provide evidence about the extent to which a standardized screening battery could be helpful in informing and planning supportive actions for children at schools, and whether such supportive actions can lead to positive cognitive, social, or mental health outcomes.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study will be preregistered on the Open Science Framework. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | |
Historical Inequities in Medical Education - Commitment to Opportunity, Diversity, and Equity at the University of Hawai'i School of Medicine. | [] | Abstract: Medical education in the US has contributed to institutionalized racism through historically exclusionary practices, which has led to health disparities and inequities in health care today. The 1910 Flexner report, which favored schools with greater resources, led to the closure of nearly half of medical schools in the Us, which were mostly small schools located in rural communities that served economically disadvantaged, ethnic minority, and female populations. Closing these schools ultimately limited the availability of physicians willing to serve disadvantaged and minority populations in impoverished and underserved communities. In order to transform medical education to be more equitable, medical schools must be proactive in opportunity, diversity, and equity efforts. This not only includes efforts in admissions and faculty hiring, but also curricula related to social and health disparities, interracial interactions between students and faculty, and service learning activities that engage and work with marginalized communities. The University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine has a longstanding commitment to diversity, which is integral to the school's mission. Providing opportunities to underserved populations has been a priority since establishment of the school. As one of the most diverse univeristies in the US, the school of medicine continues to focus on opportunity, diversity, and equity priorities in both its strategic planning and overall mission. | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. |