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Cine-martyrographies. Media techniques of witnessing in Iranian cinema

Abstract: The article explores the 'making of martyrs' at the intersection of media (especially cinema), propaganda, and body politics in Iran. Martyrs are not only highly contested bodies, but also surrounded by diverse media techniques which compete for the right to re-make these bodies and organize the visual economy of witnessing. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the cultural industry called Cinema of Sacred Defence sought to monopolize the right to make martyrs after the 1979 Revolution, pursuing a strategy of ascribing different qualities of witnessing to different media. Along films such as Ebrahim Hatamikia's Damascus Time (2018) and Mohammad Hossein Mahdavian's Standing in the Dust (2016), the article examines the new cine-martyrographies of the Sacred Defence and demonstrates how the Islamic Republic's visual propaganda machinery uses old and new digital media as 'messages' - in terms of boundary building as well as the ability to generate genuine Islamic witnessing. In contrast, counter-martyrographies - such as Shahram Mokri's Fish and Cat (2013) and Careless Crime (2020)- are explored that challenge the state's iconology of the martyr and its monopoly on (blood) testimony by depicting media techniques of witnessing that remember those who have no right to be remembered as martyrs by the state.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

The Politics of Doulas: Black Feminist Collective Action in Response to Birthing While Black

Abstract: A central function of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement in the United States has been to center and express the lived experiences of Black people within the social and political framework of white supremacy. Regarding reproductive justice, BLM, as well as organizations like the Black Mamas Matter Alliance and Sistersong, have drawn political attention to the oppressive parameters existing for pregnant people birthing while Black. Attention to disparities in health and birth outcomes for Black persons has necessary positive effects, such as the ability to produce data on the deleterious effects of anti-Blackness. However, discourses surrounding Black birthing persons can function to obfuscate the collective action undertaken by Black women and non-Black women of color. In this paper, I argue the hyper-focus on the problems Black pregnant/birthing persons face has at least four issues: (1) it encourages an ontological collapse wherein Black birthers are positioned as problems, rather than human beings facing problems; (2) obscures the collective action and care Black women undertake to support one another; (3) results in state solutions that rely on underpaid and volunteer labor of Black and non-Black women of color; and (4) focuses myopically on the time period of pregnancy and birthing for Black persons.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Moral Hazard and Investment-Cash-Flow Sensitivity

Abstract: We develop a dynamic model of investment with moral hazard and provide a micro -foundation for financing constraints. In the model, standard investmentcash -flow sensitivity regressions will find a small coefficient on Tobin's Q and a large and significant coefficient on cash flow. Our calibration replicates the empirical fact that larger and more mature firms are less financially constrained but have higher investment -cash -flow sensitivity. Our theory therefore resolves the long-standing puzzle of the existence of the investment -cash -flow sensitivity and the seemingly weak relationship between investment -cash -flow sensitivity and the severity of financing constraints documented by Kaplan and Zingales (1997) and many others.

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Determinants of depressive and alcohol use disorders among female sex workers in Ethiopia: evidence from a national bio-behavioral survey, 2020.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Female sex workers (FSWs) face an elevated risk of developing mental health disorders and alcohol use disorders (AUD), which in turn increase their vulnerability to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and other negative outcomes. To effectively address both of these health issues, it is crucial to understand the shared key determinants underlying these illnesses, which is a substantial knowledge gap in Ethiopia and elsewhere in the world. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the common key determinants of depression and AUD among FSWs in Ethiopia using a bivariate multivariable ordinal logistic model.METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional biobehavioral data collected in 2020 from 16 cities and major towns in Ethiopia using the respondent-driven sampling (RDS) technique, which involved a total of 6,085 FSWs. FSWs who had lived at the study sites for at least a month before the study period were deemed eligible for recruitment. Major depressive disorder (DD) and AUD were screened using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) and alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT), respectively. We used descriptive statistics to summarize study population characteristics and bivariate multivariable ordinal logistic regression (BMOLR) to identify common determinants of DD and AUD combined and their nonnormal correlation.RESULTS: Among 6085 FSWs screened for DD and AUD, 13.5% and 4.0% have met the criteria for moderate and severe depressive disorder, respectively, and 20.3% and 34.7% have met the AUDIT criteria for harmful or hazardous behavior and alcohol dependence, respectively. FSW with experience of inconsistent condom use, condom failure, violence, mobility, use of any drugs, non-paying partners, abortion, and selling sex for more than five years were associated with an increase in the severity of both disorders. A high average income from selling sex and the number of paying partners reduced the severity of depression and increased the level of alcohol dependence. Being HIV positive and ever having anal sex were associated only with an increase in depression.CONCLUSION: Major DD and AUD are prevalent among FSWs in Ethiopia. The findings revealed that common key determinants, which exacerbated the severity of both disorders, were also risk factors for HIV and other STIs. Consequently, integrated STI strategies are essential in the screening, referral, and treatment of depression and AUD. Intervention packages should encompass determinants of depression and AUD, including condom utilization, drug use, mobility between towns, abortion, violence, and counseling services. Additionally, strategies to ensure economic security should be incorporated.

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Causal roles of educational duration in bone mineral density and risk factors for osteoporosis: a Mendelian randomization study.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Educational duration might play a vital role in preventing the occurrence and development of osteoporosis(OP).PURPOSE: To assess the causal effect of educational duration on bone mineral density(BMD) and risk factors for OP by Mendelian randomization(MR) study.METHODS: The causal relationship was analyzed using data from genome-wide association study(GWAS). Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main analysis method. Horizontal pleiotropy was identified by MR-Egger intercept test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test. The leave-one-out method was used as a sensitivity analysis.RESULTS: The IVW results indicated that there was a positive causal relationship between educational duration and BMD (OR=1.012, 95%CI:1.003-1.022), physical activity(PA) (OR=1.156, 95%CI:1.032-1.295), calcium consumption (OR=1.004, 95%CI:1.002-1.005), and coffee intake (OR=1.019, 95%CI:1.014-1.024). There was a negative association between whole body fat mass (OR=0.950, 95%CI:0.939-0.961), time for vigorous PA (OR=0.955, 95%CI:0.939-0.972), sunbath (OR=0.987, 95%CI:0.986-0.989), salt consumption (OR=0.965, 95%CI:0.959-0.971), fizzy drink intake (OR=0.985, 95%CI:0.978-0.992), smoking (OR=0.969, 95%CI:0.964-0.975), and falling risk (OR=0.976, 95%CI:0.965-0.987). There was no significant association between educational duration and lean mass, time for light-to-moderate PA, milk intake, and alcohol intake. Horizontal pleiotropy was absent in this study. The results were robust under sensitivity analyses.CONCLUSION: A longer educational duration was causally linked with increased BMD. No causal relationship had been found between educational duration and lean mass, time for light-to-moderate PA, milk intake, and alcohol consumption as risk factors for osteoporosis.

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Casting, joining and recycling. Use of lead and plumbers practices in Notre-Dame building yard (12th-19th c.) through historical, archaeological and chemical investigations

Abstract: An interdisciplinary scientific project composed of different work groups was set up after the fire of Notre-Dame cathedral in 2019 which aims at studying all different aspects of the building and its evolutions from the 12th to the 19th century. One of them is the Metal work group who investigates the use of iron and lead in this monument and try for instance to trace the history of lead uses in the construction and restorations of cathedrals. The present paper focuses on the case of Notre-Dame de Paris, a jewel of French gothic architecture to question the role of this metal in its structure, to determine the quantities used and to investigate issues related to its provisioning and its recycling. Paradoxically, though the fire of 15th April 2019 melted almost the whole lead roof as well as decorative elements on the spire, lost forever for scientific investigations, it also enabled to reveal hidden parts of the cathedral where lead used as sealing became accessible thanks to scaffolding. A methodology combining archaeology, archive record study and archaeometry was implemented to study the remaining lead in the cathedral leading to a textual approach coupled with a material approach. Two case studies are considered in this paper as representative of lead uses at different periods of the cathedral's life: in medieval masonry with cramp's sealings in the tribunes, and on the sacristy's roof dating from the 19th century. For the first case, a chronology of the construction will be suggested and for the second a discussion between chemical analyses and archive records will be opened. (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Social Norms for Cannabis Use After Nonmedical Legalization in Canada.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Social norms play an important role in cannabis use; however, there is little evidence on how social norms change in jurisdictions that legalize cannabis. This study examined trends in social norms before and after legalization of nonmedical cannabis in Canada in 2018.METHODS: Data are from the International Cannabis Policy Study, a series of cross-sectional surveys conducted annually with Canadian respondents aged 16-65 years. Analyses were conducted in 2023 and included data from 58,045 respondents across 4 waves: the year immediately before legalization (2018) and 3 post-legalization waves (2019-2021). Regression models examined trends in injunctive norms (perceived approval of cannabis) and comfort in using cannabis in six different social contexts, adjusting for cannabis use frequency, medical authorization, and sociodemographic covariates.RESULTS: Perceived social approval of cannabis use and comfort using cannabis in different social contexts was highest among males, frequent cannabis consumers, and those who reported medical authorization (p<0.05 in all cases). No changes in perceived approval were observed across years, except a temporary decrease in 2020 versus 2018 (OR=0.87, 95% CI=0.80, 0.95). Modest increases in comfort of using cannabis in 6 different social contexts were observed in 2019 (SS=0.10, p=0.001), 2020 (SS=0.10, p=0.001), and 2021 (SS=0.12, p<0.001) versus in 2018.CONCLUSIONS: Social norms have remained relatively stable after nonmedical legalization in Canada, with only modest increases in comfort of using cannabis in different social settings. The findings may reflect widespread cannabis use in Canada prior to nonmedical legalization in 2018 as well as comprehensive restrictions on promotion and advertising.

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A retrospective descriptive study of medical record documentation of how treatment limitations are communicated with family members of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Communication between clinicians and family members of patients about treatment limitation practices is essential to care-planning and decision-making. For patients and family members from culturally diverse backgrounds, there are additional considerations when communicating about treatment limitations.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore how treatment limitations are communicated with family members of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds in intensive care.METHODS: A descriptive study using a retrospective medical record audit was undertaken. Medical record data were collected from patients who died in 2018 in four intensive care units in Melbourne, Australia. Data are presented using descriptive and inferential statisticsand progress note entries.RESULTS: From 430 adult deceased patients, 49.3% (n=212) of patients were born overseas, 56.9% (n=245) identified with a religion, and 14.9% (n=64) spoke a language other than English as their preferred language. Professional interpreters were used in 4.9% (n=21) of family meetings. Documentation about the level of treatment limitation decisions were present in 82.1% (n=353) of patient records. Nurses were documented as present for treatment limitation discussions for 49.3% (n=174) of patients. Where nurses were present, nurses supported family members, including reassurance that end-of-life wishes would be respected. There was evidence of nurses coordinating healthcare activities and attempting to address and resolve difficulties experienced by family members.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first known Australian study to explore documented evidence of how treatment limitations are communicated with family members of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds. Many patients have documented treatment limitations, yet there are a proportion of patients who die before treatment limitations can be discussed with family, which may influence the timing and quality of end-of-life care. Where language barriers exist, interpreters should be used to better ensure effective communication between clinicians and family. Greater provision for nurses to engage in treatment limitation discussions is required.

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Enhancing capillary action of acidified paper to achieve uniform deacidification and long-lasting aging resistance

Abstract: Deacidification is a necessary and urgent means of protecting acidified paper documents. However, the contradiction between deacidification efficiency and uniformity in existing aqueous or organic phase deacidification methods has not been resolved yet, which is mainly attributed to the differences in capillary action of paper on solvents with different polarities. In this work, a strategy of two-phase deacidification was proposed to achieve efficient and uniform deacidification and long-lasting aging resistance. Impregnation of nano magnesium oxide organic dispersion of deacidified paper achieved efficient batch deacidification and sufficient alkali reserve. Using ultrasonic atomization of saturated calcium hydroxide aqueous solution, the penetration of alkaline substances into paper promoted uniform deacidification based on strong capillary action. Meanwhile, microstructural reinforcement of paper fibers was achieved based on the multiple interactions. This method can endow the treated paper with better thermal stability and long-lasting aging resistance. After artificial accelerated aging for 30 d, the treated paper samples still maintained the highest tensile index (18.46 Nm/g), folding endurance (8.5 times), tear index (3.95 mN center dot m2/g) and displayed negligible chromatic aberration (AE = 2.46 +/- 0.21). This method greatly extends the lifespan of acidified paper, which has significant value for the protection of paper documents. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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The Caribbean and Mesoamerica Biogeochemical Isotope Overview (CAMBIO)

Abstract: The Caribbean & Mesoamerica Biogeochemical Isotope Overview (CAMBIO) is an archaeological data community designed to integrate published biogeochemical data from the Caribbean, Mesoamerica, and southern Central America to address questions about dynamic interactions among humans, animals, and the environment in the region over the past 10,000 years. Here we present the CAMBIO human dataset, which consists of more than 16,000 isotopic measurements from human skeletal tissue samples (delta 13C, delta 15N, delta 34S, delta 18O, 87Sr/86Sr, 206/204Pb, 207/204Pb, 208/204Pb, 207/206Pb) from 290 archaeological sites dating between 7000 BC to modern times. The open-access dataset also includes detailed chronological, contextual, and laboratory/sample preparation information for each measurement. The collated data are deposited on the open-access CAMBIO data community via the Pandora Initiative data platform (https://pandoradata.earth/organization/cambio).

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Initial evaluation of a technologyenabled change in delivery of the dementia service during COVID-19 in North Warwickshire.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Remote monitoring technologies show potential to help health professionals deliver preventative interventions which can avoid hospital admissions and allow patients to remain in a home setting.AIMS: To assess whether an Internet of Things (IoT) driven remote monitoring technology, used in the care pathway of community dementia patients in North Warwickshire improved access to care for patients and cost effectiveness.METHOD: Patient level changes to anonymised retrospective healthcare utilisation data were analysed alongside costs.RESULTS: Urgent care decreased following use of an IoT driven remote monitoring technology; one preventative intervention avoided an average of three urgent interventions. A Chi-Square test showing this change as significant. Estimates show annualised service activity avoidance of 201,583 for the cohort; 8764 per patient.CONCLUSIONS: IoT driven remote monitoring had a positive impact on health utilisation and cost avoidance. Future expansion of the cohort will allow for validation of the results and consider the impact of the technology on patient health outcomes and staff workflows.

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Cost-effectiveness of medication therapy management among Medicare population and across racial/ethnic groups.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Inappropriate medication utilization among older adults is a pressing concern in the United States, owing to its high prevalence and the consequential detrimental impact it engenders. The adverse effects stemming from the inappropriate use of medication may be unequally borne by racial/ethnic minority populations, calling for greater efforts towards promoting equity in healthcare. The study objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services among Medicare beneficiaries and across racial/ethnic groups.METHODS: Medicare administrative data from 2016 to 2017 linked to Area Health Resources Files were used to analyze Medicare fee-for-service patients aged 65 or above with continuous Parts A/B/D coverage. The intervention group included new MTM enrollees in 2017; the control group referred to patients who met the general MTM eligible criteria but did not enroll in 2016 or 2017. The 2 groups were matched using a propensity score method. Effectiveness was evaluated as the proportion of appropriate medication utilization based on performance measures developed by the Pharmacy Quality Alliance. Costs were computed as total healthcare costs from Medicare perspective. A multivariable net benefit regressions with a classic linear model and Bayesian analysis were utilized. Net benefit was calculated based on willingness-to-pay thresholds at various multiples of the gross domestic product in 2017. Three-way interaction terms among dummy variables for MTM enrollment, 2017, and racial/ethnic minority groups were incorporated in a difference-in-differences study design.RESULTS: After adjusting for patient characteristics, the findings indicate that MTM receipt was associated with incremental net benefit among each race and ethnicity. For instance, the net benefit of MTM among the non-Hispanic White patients was $2498 (95% confidence interval = $1609, $3386) at a willingness-to-pay value of $59,908. The study found no significant difference in net benefits for MTM services between minority and White patients.CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence that MTM is a cost-effective tool for managing medication utilization among the Medicare population. However, MTM may not be cost-effective in reducing racial/ethnic disparities in medication utilization in the short term. Further research is needed to understand the long-term cost-effectiveness of MTM on racial/ethnic disparities.

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What is close reading? An exploration of a methodology

Abstract: What is close reading and what are the steps we take in close reading as a methodological approach? This article explores reading strategies and advocates for a more conscious close reading. Starting by tracing the hermeneutic heritage of close reading, and examining its development from the New Criticism movement onwards, it then describes the fundamental physical and cognitive aspects of reading as a distinct form of analytic attentiveness. Three methodological steps are delineated, discussed, and exemplified through the author's close reading practices. By employing a paratextual lens to the close reading of manuscripts from the Early Modern period, the article demonstrates how theoretically informed readings, such as the paratextual perspective, enhance the reading process and deepen our understanding of historical conditions.

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Age at death during the Covid-19 lockdown in French metropolitan regions: a non parametric quantile regression approach.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Lockdowns have been implemented to limit the number of hospitalisations and deaths during the first wave of 2019 coronavirus disease. These measures may have affected differently death characteristics, such age and sex. France was one of the hardest hit countries in Europe with a decreasing east-west gradient in excess mortality. This study aimed at describing the evolution of age at death quantiles during the lockdown in spring 2020 (17 March-11 May 2020) in the French metropolitan regions focusing on 3 representatives of the epidemic variations in the country: Bretagne, Ile-de-France (IDF) and Bourgogne-Franche-Comte (BFC).METHODS: Data were extracted from the French public mortality database from 1 January 2011 to 31 August 2020. The age distribution of mortality observed during the lockdown period (based on each decile, plus quantiles 1, 5, 95 and 99) was compared with the expected one using Bayesian non-parametric quantile regression.RESULTS: During the lockdown, 5457, 5917 and 22346 deaths were reported in Bretagne, BFC and IDF, respectively. An excess mortality from+3% in Bretagne to+102% in IDF was observed during lockdown compared to the 3 previous years. Lockdown led to an important increase in the first quantiles of age at death, irrespective of the region, while the increase was more gradual for older age groups. It corresponded to fewer young people, mainly males, dying during the lockdown, with an increase in the age at death in the first quantile of about 7years across regions. In females, a less significant shift in the first quantiles and a greater heterogeneity between regions were shown. A greater shift was observed in eastern region and IDF, which may also represent excess mortality among the elderly.CONCLUSIONS: This study focused on the innovative outcome of the age distribution at death. It shows the first quantiles of age at death increased differentially according to sex during the lockdown period, overall shift seems to depend on prior epidemic intensity before lockdown and complements studies on excess mortality during lockdowns.

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A spatial approach to assessing PM2.5 exposure level of a brickmaking community in South Africa

Abstract: Globally, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mu m or less poses a significant threat to human health. The first step in quantifying human health impacts caused by exposure to PM2.5 pollution is exposure assessment. Population-weighted exposure level (PWEL) estimation is one of the methods that provides a more precise exposure assessment since it incorporates the spatiotemporal distribution of population with the pollution concentration estimate. In this study, PM2.5 exposure levels in the local communities around brickmaking industries were investigated, using the population census data of the study area and 1-year data from nine PM2.5 monitoring stations installed in and around the brickmaking industries. The observed PM2.5 data was spatially interpolated using inverse distance weight (IDW). Data on PM2.5 levels across the study area were classified based on the World Health Organization interim target (IT) guidelines and the South African National ambient air quality standard (NAAQS). An annual PM2.5 population weighted exposure level of 27.6 mu g/m(3) was estimated for the study area. However, seasonal exposure levels of 28.9, 37.6, 26.5, and 20.7 mu g/m(3) were estimated for the autumn, winter, spring, and summer seasons, respectively. This implies that local communities around the brick kiln in the Vhembe District are exposed to high levels of PM2.5, especially in winter. The PM2.5 levels in the brickmaking industries as well as its other sources in the Vhembe District, therefore, need to be lowered. Findings from population exposure level to pollutants can provide valuable data for formulating policies and recommendations on exposure reduction and public health protection. Implications: PM2.5 concentration in any given environment has high spatial and temporal variability due to the presence of diffused sources in the environment. Using ambient air concentrations to directly estimate population exposure without taking into consideration the disproportionate spatial and temporal distribution of the pollutant and the population may not yield accurate results on human exposure levels. It is, therefore, important to assess the aggregated PM2.5 exposure of a populace within a given area. This study therefore examines the PM2.5 population-weighted-exposure level of the host communities of the brickmaking industry in Vhembe District, South Africa.

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InSAR-derived predisaster spatio-temporal evolution of a reactivated landslide

Abstract: Slow-moving reactivated landslides can accelerate suddenly and fail catastrophically, posing a great threat to life and economy. Emerging synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technique for long-term monitoring of such landslides has been devoted to documenting precursory movements before the failure; however, understanding the complex spatiotemporal evolution of a slow-moving reactivated landslide in different parts remains a challenge. Here we present an exemplification of potential reactivation and spatiotemporal evolution based on a recent reactivated landslide in southwestern China. We conducted multi-temporal Interferometric SAR (MT-InSAR) using Sentinel-1 constellation data, spanning 4 years (2014 similar to 2018) period, and then retrieved the spatiotemporal deformation pattern for ascending orbit. Results indicated that prior to the large-scale failure on 19 July 2018, the landslide exhibited prolonged slow movement, with an annual line of sight (LOS) velocity reaching -67.2 mm/year. The intense and persistent precipitation in 2018 resulted in higher average LOS velocities compared to those observed during 2014-2017. We have also identified three potential deformation zones, and a detailed analysis of slope deformation in different sections unveiled that the leading edge exhibited the largest displacement, followed by the rear section. These findings strongly suggest that this landslide is most likely a compound event involving retrogressive and progressive failure modes. The 4-year vegetation indices unravel that the decline in values can be attributed to alterations in vegetation structure prior to the extensive failure, as no similar behaviors were observed in historical data. This study highlights the significance of SAR data for monitoring landslide reactivation and contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of slow-moving landslides.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

The effectiveness of personalised surveillance and aftercare in breast cancer follow-up: a systematic review.

Abstract: PURPOSE: Breast cancer follow-up (surveillance and aftercare) varies from one-size-fits-all to more personalised approaches. A systematic review was performed to get insight in existing evidence on (cost-)effectiveness of personalised follow-up.METHODS: PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane were searched between 01-01-2010 and 10-10-2022 (review registered in PROSPERO:CRD42022375770). The inclusion population comprised nonmetastatic breast cancer patients≥18years, after completing curative treatment. All intervention-control studies studying personalised surveillance and/or aftercare designed for use during the entire follow-up period were included. All review processes including risk of bias assessment were performed by two reviewers. Characteristics of included studies were described.RESULTS: Overall, 3708 publications were identified, 64 full-text publications were read and 16 were included for data extraction. One study evaluated personalised surveillance. Various personalised aftercare interventions and outcomes were studied. Most common elements included in personalised aftercare plans were treatment summaries (75%), follow-up guidelines (56%), lists of available supportive care resources (38%) and PROs (25%). Control conditions mostly comprised usual care. Four out of seven (57%) studies reported improvements in quality of life following personalisation. Six studies (38%) found no personalisation effect, for multiple outcomes assessed (e.g. distress, satisfaction). One (6.3%) study was judged as low, four(25%) as high risk of bias and 11 (68.8%) as with concerns.CONCLUSION: The included studies varied in interventions, measurement instruments and outcomes, making it impossible to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of personalised follow-up. There is a need for a definition of both personalised surveillance and aftercare, whereafter outcomes can be measured according to uniform standards.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Heart Failure-Related Death in Subjects With Atrial Fibrillation in the United States, 1999 to 2020.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Population-based data on heart failure (HF)-related death in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are lacking. We assessed HF-related death in people with AF in the United States over the past 21years and examined differences by age, sex, race, ethnicity, urbanization, and census region.METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research to determine trends in age-adjusted mortality rates per 100000 people, due to HF-related death among subjects with AF aged ≥15years. To calculate nationwide annual trends, we assessed the average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change with relative 95% CIs using joinpoint regression. Between 1999 and 2020, 916685 HF-related deaths (396205 men and 520480 women) occurred among US adults having a concomitant AF. The overall age-adjusted mortality rates increased (AAPC: +4.1% [95% CI, 3.8-4.4]; P<0.001), especially after 2011 (annual percent change, +6.8% [95% CI, 6.2-7.4]; P<0.001) in men (AAPC, +4.8% [95% CI, 4.4-5.1]; P<0.001), in White subjects (AAPC: +4.2% [95% CI, 3.9 to 4.6]; P<0.001) and in subjects aged <65years (AAPC: +7.5% [95% CI, 6.7-8.4]; P<0.001). The higher percentage of deaths were registered in the South (32.8%). During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant excess in HF-related deaths among patients with AF aged >65years was observed.CONCLUSIONS: A worrying increase in the HF-related mortality rate among patients with AF has been observed in the United States over the past 2 decades.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Effectiveness of social media-assisted course on learning self-efficacy.

Abstract: The social media platform and the information dissemination revolution have changed the thinking, needs, and methods of students, bringing development opportunities and challenges to higher education. This paper introduces social media into the classroom and uses quantitative analysis to investigate the relation between design college students' learning self-efficacy and social media for design students, aiming to determine the effectiveness of social media platforms on self-efficacy. This study is conducted on university students in design media courses and is quasi-experimental, using a randomized pre-test and post-test control group design. The study participants are 73second-year design undergraduates. Independent samples t-tests showed that the network interaction factors of social media had a significant impact on college students learning self-efficacy. The use of social media has a significant positive predictive effect on all dimensions of learning self-efficacy. Our analysis suggests that using the advantages and value of online social platforms, weakening the disadvantages of the network, scientifically using online learning resources, and combining traditional classrooms with the Internet can improve students' learning self-efficacy.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Perceptual occlusion and the differentiation condition

Abstract: Numerous philosophers accept the differentiation condition, according to which one does not see an object unless one visually differentiates it from its immediate surroundings. This paper, however, sounds a sceptical note. Based on suggestions by Dretske (2007) and Gibson (2002 [1972]), I articulate two 'principles of occlusion' and argue that each principle admits of a reading on which it is both plausible and incompatible with the differentiation condition. To resolve the inconsistency, I suggest we abandon the differentiation condition.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Trends in incidence and survival of childhood cancers in Khon Kaen, Thailand (2000-2019): a population-based Khon Kaen Cancer Registry study.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In Thailand, the national health care system and nationwide standard treatment protocols have evolved over time, potentially influencing the trends in the incidence and survival rates of childhood cancers. However, further investigations are required to comprehensively study these trends in Khon Kaen, Thailand.METHODS: Childhood cancer patients aged 0-14years (n=541) who were diagnosed with one of the five most common cancers between 2000 and 2019 from the population-based Khon Kaen Cancer Registry were enrolled. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the demographic data, which are presented as numbers, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The trends in incidence between 2000 and 2019, including age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and annual percent changes (APCs), were analysed using the Joinpoint regression model. Survival analysis was performed for 5-year relative survival rates (RSRs) according to the Pohar Perme estimator and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.RESULTS: The ASRs of the overall top 5 childhood cancer groups were 67.96 and 106.12 per million person-years in 2000 and 2019, respectively. Overall, the APC significantly increased by 2.37% each year for both sexes. The overall 5-year RSRs were 60.5% for both sexes, 58.2% for males, and 63.9% for females. The highest 5-year RSR was for germ cell tumours (84.3%), whereas the lowest 5-year RSR was for neuroblastoma (29.1%).CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and survival rates of childhood cancers in Khon Kaen, Thailand, varied according to sex. The incidence trends increased over time, meanwhile, the relative survival rates rose to satisfactory levels and were comparable to those of other nations with similar financial status. The implementation of national health policies and adherence to national treatment guidelines have improved cancer diagnosis and treatment outcomes.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

A Short Note on the Early History of the Spectrum Problem and Finite Model Theory

Abstract: Finite model theory is currently not one of the hot topics in the philosophy and history of mathematics, not even in the philosophy and history of mathematical logic. The philosophy of mathematics and mathematical logic has concentrated on infinite structures, closely related to foundational issues. In that context, finite models deserved only marginal attention because it was taken for granted that the study of finite structures is trivial compared to the study of infinite structures. In retrospect, research on finite structures turned out to be neither trivial nor irrelevant but had an important impact on theoretical computer science. A closer look at the early history of the spectrum problem shows that the birth of finite model theory has roots in formal logic, at a time when computer science did not yet exist.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Local and global optimization methods for optical line control based on quality of transmission

Abstract: The ever-increasing demand for data traffic in recent decades has pushed network operators to give importance to the aspect of infrastructure control to facilitate its scalability and maximize its capacity. A generic lightpath (LP) is deployed starting from a traffic request between a given pair of nodes in a network. LPs are operated in the network based on an estimate of the quality of transmission (QoT), which is derived from the physical layer characteristics of a selected route. Regardless of the model used to estimate QoT, it is necessary to calibrate the model to maximize its accuracy and define minimum design margins. The model calibration process depends significantly on the type of data that can be collected in the field (i.e., type of metric, resolution) and therefore on the available monitoring devices. In this work, a systematic evaluation of the QoT estimation is carried out on a multi-span erbium-doped-fiber-amplified optical line system (OLS) using in the first case only total power monitors and in the second experimentally emulating optical channel monitors (OCMs). Given the type of monitoring devices available, three different physical models are calibrated, and six optimization methods are used to define the optimal configuration of the target gain and tilt parameters of the optical amplifiers, jointly optimizing the working point of all amplifiers (global approach) or proceeding span by span (local approach). Subsequently, the OLS was set in each configuration obtained, and the generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR) profile was measured at the end. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Legislature size and welfare: Evidence from Brazil

Abstract: How does legislature size impact public service provision? Despite the importance of institutional design for democratic governance, the effect of legislative features on citizen welfare remains little understood. In this article, we use a formal model to show that increasing legislature size improves public goods delivery. We argue that changes in bargaining costs depend on whether additional legislators share the executive's party affiliation: More opposition members reduce the equilibrium public goods provision, while more government-aligned members increase it. We test this theory by exploiting sharp discontinuities in city-council size in Brazil. We show that an additional city councilor has a 91% chance of belonging to the mayoral coalition, and this significantly improves primary school enrollment and infant mortality rates. To explore possible mechanisms, we surveyed 174 former city councilors and analyzed 346,553 bills proposed between 2005 and 2008. This article has implications for the design of representative institutions.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Dual-TranSpeckle: Dual-pathway transformer based encoder-decoder network for medical ultrasound image despeckling.

Abstract: The majority of existing deep learning-based image denoising algorithms mainly focus on processing the overall image features, ignoring the fine differences between the semantic and pixel features. Hence, we propose Dual-TranSpeckle (DTS), a medical ultrasound image despeckling network built on a dual-path Transformer. The DTS introduces two different paths, named semantic path and pixel path, to facilitate the parallel transfer of feature information within the image. The semantic path passes a global view of the input semantic features, and the image features are passed through a Semantic Block to extract global semantic information from pixel-level features. The pixel path is employed to transmit finer-grained pixel features. Within the dual-path network framework, two essential modules, namely Dual Block and Merge Block, are designed. These leverage the Transformer architecture during the encoding and decoding stages. The Dual Block module facilitates information interaction between the semantic and pixel features by considering the interdependencies across both paths. Meanwhile, the Merge Block module enables parallel transfer of feature information by merging the dual path features, thereby facilitating the self-attention calculations for the overall feature representation. Our DTS is extensively evaluated on two public datasets and one private dataset. The DTS network demonstrates significant enhancements in quantitative evaluation results in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM), feature similarity (FSIM), and naturalness image quality evaluator (NIQE). Furthermore, our qualitative analysis confirms that the DTS has significant improvements in despeckling performance, effectively suppressing speckle noise while preserving essential image structures.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

The first peoples of the Atacama Desert lived among the trees: A 11,600- to 11,200-year-old grove and congregation site.

Abstract: In deserts, water has been singled out as the most important factor for choosing where to settle, but trees were likely an important part of the landscape for hunter-gatherers beyond merely constituting an economic resource. Yet, this critical aspect has not been considered archaeologically. Here, we present the results of mapping and radiocarbon dating of a truly unique archaeological record. Over 150 preserved stumps around five Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene archaeological campsites (12,800 to 11,200 cal BP) show that trees were key features in the creation of everyday habitats for the first inhabitants of the Atacama Desert. At two of these sites, QM12 and QM35, the spatial and chronological correlation between trees and hearths reveals that people located their homes under the tree canopy. At residential site QM35, artifact distribution coincides with a grove dated to ~11,600 to 11,200 cal BP. A third residential area (QM32) occurred along the grove margins ~12,000 to 11,200 cal BP. Based on the distinct cultural material of these two camps, we propose that two different groups intermittently shared this rich wetland-grove environment. The tree taxa suggest a preference for the native Schinus molle, a tree scarcely present on the landscape today, over the endemic, nitrogen-fixing Strombocarpa tamarugo, both for toolmaking and firewood and even though the S. tamarugo was locally more abundant. Together with the spatial and chronological coincidence of campsites, hearths, and trees, we propose that people spared the most abundant and resilient species to create their homes, in turn promoting fertility oases amid the Atacama's hyperaridity.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Governing principles of transcriptional logic out of equilibrium.

Abstract: To survive, adapt, and develop, cells respond to external and internal stimuli by tightly regulating transcription. Transcriptional regulation involves the combinatorial binding of a repertoire of transcription factors to DNA, which often results in switch-like binary outputs akin to Boolean logic gates. Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that in eukaryotes, transcription factor binding to DNA often involves energy expenditure, thereby driving the system out of equilibrium. The governing principles of transcriptional logic operations out of equilibrium remain unexplored. Here, we employ a simple two-input, single-locus model of transcription that can accommodate both equilibrium and nonequilibrium mechanisms. Using this model, we find that nonequilibrium regimes can give rise to all the logic operations accessible in equilibrium. Strikingly, energy expenditure alters the regulatory function of the two transcription factors in a mutually exclusive manner. This allows for the emergence of new logic operations that are inaccessible in equilibrium. Overall, our results show that energy expenditure can expand the range of cellular decision-making without the need for more complex promoter architectures.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Epidemiological profile of neuroendocrine tumors in adults in Brazil.

Abstract: Objective: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a set of diseases that originate from neuroendocrine cells, which comprises a diffuse endocrine system present in various organs of the body. These tumors are more frequent in the gastrointestinal tract (70%) and the bronchopulmonary system (20%-30%). A NET incidence rate of 1-5 per 100,000 inhabitants has been estimated for several European countries and the USA employing 20 years of data. However, no comprehensive studies on this rare neoplasm are available in Brazil. In this context, the aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiological NET profile in the country.Materials and methods: This is a retrospective descriptive observational study based on data from Hospital Cancer Records available at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute and the Sao Paulo Oncocentro Foundation. Demographic, clinical and treatmentrelated variables were analyzed from selected cases employing descriptive statistics.Results and Conclusion: A total of 15,859 cases were identified, most occurring in males (53.4%) and in individuals under 65 years old (63.3%). Small cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological type (46.7%). Bronchopulmonary tumors were the most frequent NETs, followed by pancreatic tumors, with cases mostly concentrated in high complexity centers in the Brazilian Southeast and treated mainly with surgery and chemotherapy, with over half of the patients diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Spatial-temporal trends in leprosy burden and its associations with socioeconomic and physical geographic factors: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of our study was to assess the multiscalar changes in leprosy burden and its associated risk factors over the last three decades. Study design: We conducted an in-depth examination of leprosy's spatial-temporal trends at multiple geographical scale (global, regional, and national), utilizing information from Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD 2019). Methods: Incidence and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of leprosy were determined, with countries categorized based on leprosy incidence changes. We examined socioeconomic and physical geography influences on leprosy incidence via Spearman correlation analysis, using ternary phase diagrams to reveal the synergetic effects on leprosy occurrence. Results: Globally, incident cases of leprosy decreased by 27.86% from 1990 to 2019, with a reduction in ASIR (EAPC = -2.53), yet trends were not homogeneous across regions. ASIR and EAPC correlated positively with sociodemographic index (SDI), and an ASIR growth appeared in high SDI region (EAPC = 3.07). Leprosy burden was chiefly distributed in Tropical Latin America, Oceania, Central SubSaharan Africa, and South Asia. Negative correlations were detected between the incidence of leprosy and factors of SDI, GDP per capita, urban population to total population, and precipitation, whereas the number of refugee population, temperature, and elevation showed opposite positive results. Conclusions: Despite a global decline in leprosy over the past three decades, the disparities of disease occurrence at regional and national scales still persisted. Socioeconomic and physical geographic factors posed an obvious influence on the transmission risk of leprosy. The persistence and regional fluctuations of leprosy incidence necessitate the ongoing dynamic and multilayered control strategies worldwide in combating this ancient disease. (c) 2024 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Nursing Students' Self-Efficacy and Performance in Self-Management Support for Patients in Rural Primary Care.

Abstract: ABSTRACT: There is currently no evidence of undergraduate nursing students' self-efficacy and performance in self-management support for chronic diseases in rural primary care. Using the Self-Efficacy and Performance in Self-Management Support instrument, this quasi-experimental study assessed students' self-efficacy and performance in self-management support before and after implementation of a primary care enhanced curriculum. Nursing students ( n = 140) reported a significant increase in total mean scores (pretest, M = 268.01; posttest, M = 289.51), p = .0001. Providing a primary care enhanced curriculum increased nursing students' self-efficacy and performance in self-management support.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Kurgan Phenomenon in the Southern Caucasus: Results of an Interdisciplinary Multi-Method Remote Sensing Survey Along the Kurekçay Valley (Goranboy Province, Western Azerbaijan)

Abstract: This paper presents the results of a pilot study that combines findings from satellite remote sensing analyses and an intensive interdisciplinary survey conducted in November 2021 on kurgans along the Kurekcay Valley, in western Azerbaijan. Through the integration of various methods, including historical and contemporary satellite and aerial imagery analysis, topographic mapping and geophysical prospections, this research remotely maps and quantifies the density, size, morphology and distribution of the burial mounds in the area. Unlike previous studies focusing solely on individual burial mounds, this investigation adopts a broader approach by contextualizing the kurgans within their respective landscapes. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the physical and symbolic aspects and relationships of these structures, providing valuable insights into the enduring burial practices that shaped the funerary traditions of the Southern Caucasus during the 4th and 1st millennium BCE. Furthermore, this approach supports an assessment of the condition of the individual kurgans, thereby opening new perspectives to develop innovative plans to protect these burial mounds and their settings.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

What happened to neocolonialism? The rise and fall of a critical concept

Abstract: This article is a history of the idea of neocolonialism from its first use in the 1960s to its more recent deployments in the 2010s. During the decolonization period, the concept of neocolonialism was a powerful ideological and analytical tool in the service of the global anti-colonial movement to denounce the persistence of subordinate relations between the former colonizers and the newly independent countries. The article argues that the decline of the concept was the result of the crisis of the postcolonial state in the 1980s and the parallel rise of the theory and ideology of globalization which was based on opposite theoretical premises. The crisis of the popularity of globalization in the 2010s has made room for a return of critical concepts in the analysis of international politics and, among them, neocolonialism. This new wave of literature on neocolonialism remains fragmented, undertheorized, and, unlike its heyday in the 1960s and 1970s, disconnected from social and political movements. Moreover, Western-based sources have recently started using the concept to describe China's activities in the Global South in a problematic way that seems to attribute solely to Beijing the very neocolonial practices that Western powers are normally denounced for.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Predicting Bird's-Eye-View Semantic Representations Using Correlated Context Learning

Abstract: We redefine the concept of bird's-eye-view (BEV) imaging for machine cognition tasks, emphasizing its power as an image interpretation tool. Humans intuitively translate two-dimensional (2D) images into BEV representations by discerning and integrating spatial information, such as position and morphological aspects. Existing techniques focus primarily on improving accuracy in whole-to-whole mapping. However, this often results in a loss of global-local correlation, posing a significant challenge in predicting complex elements, such as multiscale dynamic objects and small-scale static objects in the distance. To address this issue, we propose correlated global-local spatial context learning (CGLSCL), one of the first attempts to amalgamate positional and morphological cues in translation for machine cognition tasks. Augmented by correlated learning, CGLSCL ensures more comprehensive BEV output, particularly for minor and fast-moving elements, which need to be captured more effectively than they are by existing methods. An evaluation of CGLSCL using the NuScenes and Argoverse 3D datasets demonstrated its superior performance compared to current state-of-the-art methods, particularly in predicting complex elements.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Impact of an innovative bundled payment to TB health care providers in China: an economic simulation analysis.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is the second most deadly infectious disease after COVID-19 and the 13th leading cause of death worldwide. Among the 30 countries with a high burden of TB, China ranks third in the estimated number of TB cases. China is in the top four of 75 countries with a deficit in funding for TB strategic plans. To reduce costs and improve the effectiveness of TB treatment in China, the NHSA developed an innovative BP method. This study aimed to simulate the effects of this payment approach on different stakeholders, reduce the economic burden on TB patients, improve the quality of medical services, facilitate policy optimization, and offer a model for health care payment reforms that can be referenced by other regions throughout the world.METHODS: We developed a simulation model based on a decision tree analysis to project the expected effects of the payment method on the potential financial impacts on different stakeholders. Our analysis mainly focused on comparing changes in health care costs before and after receiving BPs for TB patients with Medicare in the pilot areas. The data that were used for the analysis included the TB service claim records for 2019-2021 from the health insurance agency, TB prevalence data from the local Centre for Disease Control, and health care facilities' revenue and expenditure data from the Statistic Yearbook. A Monte Carlo randomized simulation model was used to estimate the results.RESULTS: After adopting the innovative BP method, for each TB patient per year, the total annual expenditure was estimated to decrease from $2,523.28 to $2,088.89, which is a reduction of $434.39 (17.22%). The TB patient out-of-pocket expenditure was expected to decrease from $1,249.02 to $1,034.00, which is a reduction of $215.02 (17.22%). The health care provider's revenue decreased from $2,523.28 to $2,308.26, but the health care provider/institution's revenue-expenditure ratio increased from -6.09% to 9.50%.CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential of BPs to improve medical outcomes and control the costs associated with TB treatment. It demonstrates its feasibility and advantages in enhancing the coordination and sustainability of medical services, thus offering valuable insights for global health care payment reform.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Trolling and insulting others on social media in Spain: the role of social media news use, culture of impunity, and social media envy

Abstract: Prior research has delved into the diverse effects that social media news consumption has over broader social media interaction patterns. From social ties curation, to ties filtering, blocking, and other behaviors, social media news consumption has been empirically deemed to influence the way citizens socialize in these virtual spaces. Drawing on a diverse and nationally representative two wave-panel data from Spain, this study builds on this strand of the literature by investigating the role of social media news, social media culture of impunity and social media envy or feelings of jealousy, and resentment toward others, over trolling and insulting people in social media. Results show that social media news has a direct association with malicious trolling but does not fuel abusive verbal interactions. The latter is mainly explained by individuals who embrace a culture of impunity - the expectation that in social media one may commit a crime or violation and not be held accountable-, and social media envy. Furthermore, there is a positive divergent interaction between social media envy and culture of impunity on insulting other citizens. That is, people who report higher levels of social media envy and culture of impunity tend to engage in insulting others the most in social media.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

How do members of a perpetrator group negotiate multiple past ingroup transgressions? A German case study

Abstract: How members of perpetrator groups engage with their ingroup's negative history has received increasing attention over the past years. Yet, little research has addressed how people psychologically negotiate multiple past ingroup transgressions. Across two studies (n = 362), we exposed German participants to information about two ingroup transgressions, the Holocaust and the colonial genocide in former South West Africa, to test ideas of a multidirectional memory (= one memory productively informs another) versus a competitive memory (= memories stand in competition) effect. Along six indicators of memory (negativity and significance, acknowledging responsibility, collective guilt and shame, willingness to make reparations), we find that people build small memory hierarchies when given the opportunity. Overall, however, it seems that most people show similar levels of history engagement for different transgressions. We discuss how our findings relate to the public discourse on multiple memories.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

The Goldbugs Go Global: The Philippines, China, and the Foundations of Development

Abstract: While historians have recently called attention to the racial assumptions that shaped the debates over monetary reform in either the colonial Philippines or China during the first years of the twentieth century, this essay analyzes the crosscurrents between efforts to civilize and develop Filipino and Chinese monetary systems. It first examines the history of the Philippine money question (1899-1903), revealing anxieties about the apparent attachment Native Filipinos and Chinese had to silver currency. U.S. colonial officials were ambivalent toward the Native Filipinos, seeing them as possibly teachable, but so-called silver savagism was seen as too deeply engrained in the Chinese community, making the Chinese appear as a threat to monetary stability. In the last section, the article turns to China, revealing how the outcome of the Philippine money question shaped how U.S. monetary experts approached their efforts to reform China's monetary system. Throughout this process, U.S. colonial officials and monetary experts defined the Philippines and China (silver countries) and Filipinos and Chinese (silver-handling types) as overlapping objects of development. This analysis reveals how development was simultaneously an economic, racial, and imperial language.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Russian Invasion of Ukraine and Chinese Public Support for War

Abstract: This study examines how the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent Western responses influence Chinese public opinion on the use of force. Using two original, preregistered online survey experiments, first in June 2022 and then in June 2023, we show that the Russian invasion is associated with a modest but statistically significant increase in Chinese support for using military force in international affairs in general and against Taiwan in particular. However, information on Western military measures aiding Ukraine curbs the modest impact of the invasion. Such information is especially effective in reducing support for an outright military invasion of Taiwan. Causal mediation analyses reveal that the Russian invasion influences public opinion by inducing optimism regarding military success and pessimism regarding peaceful resolution of the conflict. These findings suggest that foreign military aggression and subsequent international countermeasures can sway domestic public opinion on using military force.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Archaeological and molecular evidence for ancient chickens in Central Asia.

Abstract: The origins and dispersal of the chicken across the ancient world remains one of the most enigmatic questions regarding Eurasian domesticated animals. The lack of agreement concerning timing and centers of origin is due to issues with morphological identifications, a lack of direct dating, and poor preservation of thin, brittle bird bones. Here we show that chickens were widely raised across southern Central Asia from the fourth century BC through medieval periods, likely dispersing along the ancient Silk Road. We present archaeological and molecular evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production, based on material from 12 different archaeological sites spanning a millennium and a half. These eggshells were recovered in high abundance at all of these sites, suggesting that chickens may have been an important part of the overall diet and that chickens may have lost seasonal egg-laying.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Many paths lead to immunology.

Abstract: While some people pore over the textbook and train through the classics of the field, many scientists come to immunology when they discover it intersecting with their first love interests. Five of these accidental immunologists tell us how they found their way to a fascination with the immune system.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Characteristics of Hospitals by Graduate Medical Education Expense Category: Implications for Rural Residency Program Expansion.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To describe how the characteristics of the hospitals and communities they serve vary across the 4 hospital graduate medical education (GME) expense categories (according to Section 131 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021) and identify the rurally located never claimer hospitals that are most similar to teaching hospitals, signaling that they might be good candidates for new rural GME programs.METHOD: Hospital categories and characteristics were gathered from the March 2022 Medicare Cost Reports; 2022 County Health Rankings & Roadmaps data were used for community characteristics. Each acute hospital was classified into 1 of the following 4 mutually exclusive hospital categories: category A, category B, established teaching hospital (ETH), and never claimer. Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the adjusted associations of hospital characteristics with hospital categories and to identify the never claimer hospitals in rural locations that have characteristics similar to teaching hospitals (category A, category B, and ETHs).RESULTS: Out of 3,590 hospitals, 2,075 (57.8%) were never claimer hospitals. After adjusting for multiple characteristics, rural hospitals had a similar probability of being in each hospital category to that of urban hospitals. Never claimer hospitals served an older population and were located in communities with more uninsured adults and children and less availability of primary care physicians, dentists, and mental health professionals.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that most hospitals in every category, but especially teaching hospitals (i.e., category A hospitals, category B hospitals, and ETHs), were concentrated in urban areas. Larger hospitals (measured by net patient revenue) were more likely to report GME expenses (i.e., be a category A hospital, a category B hospital, or an ETH). The study suggests that there are roughly 145 rural never claimer hospitals that might be strong candidates for initiating new residency programs.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Early evidence of implementation of District Residency Programme: experiences and challenges of residents in Rajasthan, India.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: District Residency Programme (DRP) was introduced by National Medical Commission as mandatory three-months training program for postgraduate residents. The program was for the first time implemented in April 2023 in Rajasthan. However, it ran into several teething problems, especially for residents. With a lack of any precedence, this study was planned to explore experiences and challenges of residents posted in DRP.METHODS: Cross-sectional study was conducted at 12 DRP sites attached to SMS Medical College, Jaipur between August-October 2023. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from residents who had completed DRP. Questions were scored on a five-point Likert scale. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to show association.RESULTS: Only around 17% residents felt that the learning objectives of DRP were fulfilled and nearly 60% residents felt isolated from academic activities and parent department. Over half of the residents were never posted with their concerned specialty services. Around four-fifth residents felt concerned about safety at least sometimes and more than three-fourth residents were dissatisfied with basic amenities. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests showed significant association of gender and specialisation strata with multiple outcome variables.CONCLUSION: The study finds high degree of dissatisfaction among residents towards learning objectives, academic learning, and basic amenities during DRP. There was also a clear lack of specialty-exposure and high concerns of safety, especially for female residents. The study findings should alarm and inform policymakers and administrators to improve DRP implementation so as to better achieve laid objectives.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Working Mothers and Political Daughters: Intergenerational Dynamics of Women's Political Officeholding

Abstract: We study a new driving factor of women's inclusion in politics: the economic empowerment of their mothers. We evaluate Swedish microdata on politicians and their parents over fifty years. The results demonstrate a strong intergenerational dynamic from mothers to daughters. Female politicians come from households where their mother is more likely to be employed, earns more in the labour market, and earns a larger share of household earnings. This pattern was strong among parliamentarians in the 1970s and 1980s when female numerical representation increased rapidly in Sweden but is not present in national politics after the introduction of gender quotas in the early 1990s or in local politics.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

The PocketPerio application significantly increases the accuracy of diagnosing periodontal conditions in didactic and chairside settings.

Abstract: The study aimed to determine the accuracy of diagnosing periodontal conditions using the developed web-based PocketPerio application and evaluate the user's perspective on the use of PocketPerio. First, 22 third-year dental students (DS3) diagnosed ten cases without PocketPerio (control) and with PocketPerio (test) during a mock examination. Then, 105 DS3, 13 fourth-year dental students (DS4), and 32 senior second-year International Standing Program students (ISP2) used PocketPerio chairside. Statistical analysis was performed using a non-parametric paired two-tailed test of significance with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. The null hypothesis that PocketPerio did not increase the accuracy of periodontal diagnoses was rejected at alpha<0.01. Periodontal diagnoses made using PocketPerio correlated with those made by periodontics faculty (gold standard) in all cases. During the mock examination, PocketPerio significantly increased the accuracy of periodontal diagnoses compared to the control (52.73 vs. 13.18%, respectively). Chairside, PocketPerio significantly increased the accuracy of primary (100 vs. 40.0%) and secondary (100 vs. 14.25%) periodontal diagnoses compared to the respective controls. Students regardless of their training year felt more confident in diagnosing periodontal conditions using PocketPerio than their current tools, provided positive feedback on its features, and suggested avenues for its further development.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

John Ranby FRS, William Hogarth and the Barber Surgeons

Abstract: The progress of dentistry towards a profession allied to medicine and surgery was incremental, and a most important step in that process was the separation of the surgeons from the barbers in 1745. Hogarth's illustration of a dentally active barber has been discussed previously in the British Dental Journal. In this paper, his probable contribution to the campaign for separation led successfully by his friend, surgeon John Ranby FRS (1703-1773), through the dramatic and much analysed painting The death of the countess (1743), is analysed. In this paper, it is suggested that William Hogarth was not only aware of the tensions between the physicians, surgeons and barbers that had come to a head, but that he modified the first thoughts, seen in a sketch (now at the Ashmolean, Oxford), to incorporate in this painting, and the print made from it a conspicuous sub-scene, almost central in a composition where the dying countess would be expected to be the only subject, as a satirical comment on that internal conflict.Provides a history of dentistry and professional advance.Focuses on William Hogarth and John Ranby FRS.Delves into medical ethics at the time.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

A scoping review of strategies for adolescents' sexual and reproductive health role modelling.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals strive to maintain their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) by being exposed to correct information, having access to contraceptives, and promoting safe sex practices. Adolescent SRH promotion efforts should consider the influence of role models. This review explored the availability and nature of strategies and programmes on adolescents' SRH role modelling and described them using a scoping review.METHODS: Studies were retrieved from four databases and grey literature through a search of 223 studies. The databases included EBSCO-host, Medline, Sabinet, and Pubmed. Data extraction was guided by a data-extraction tool adapted from the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. The characteristics of the selected studies were recorded in a Microsoft spreadsheet. Eleven studies published between 2014 and 2022 were included for the final review and analysed using thematic analysis.RESULTS: Selected articles focused on adolescents' SRH; however, only two studies focused particularly on role modelling. Nonetheless, some aspects of the findings and recommendations presented could be extrapolated to adolescents' SRH role modelling. This includes adolescent-parent communication on SRH, community engagement, mentoring, positive role modelling, and information sharing through media campaigns.CONCLUSION: There is a lack of literature on SRH role modelling because most studies did not focus on role modelling as an aspect of SRH. Therefore, research needs to be conducted on strategies and programmes focusing on SRH modelling.Contribution:The findings of this scoping review may encourage the development and implementation of strategies and programmes targeting adolescents' SRH throughout diverse communities to promote adolescent SRH.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

The colour palette of 16th-18th century azulejos: A multi-analytical non-invasive study

Abstract: This work provides an overview of the pigments used by Portuguese azulejo painters through the study of 34 glazed tiles belonging to the National Azulejo Museum in Lisbon, Portugal. The tiles are dated from the late 16th century to the early 19th century, with most samples attributed to the 17th and 18th centuries. Building on a previous study where the chemical composition of the 17th -century colour palette was characterised [1] , we used a non-invasive methodology to further identify compositional differences among groups of colours spanning a wider timeframe. Blue, white, yellow, orange, purple, green and brown decorations were analysed by EDXRF to obtain qualitative and (in some samples) quantitative information on their chemical composition. mu-Raman spectroscopy was used to identify the main colouring agents. Finally, colorimetric measurements of the different hues of each colour were performed to address the relation between colour and chemical composition. Our results show that greens could be obtained through a copper -based pigment or by mixing lead-antimonate with cobalt -blue pigment. Although cobalt is the colouring agent of all blue decorations, compositional differences suggest the use of different types of raw materials or the addition of specific reagents to modify the hue. On the other hand, yellow hues ranging from lemon yellow to orange were manufactured by adding zinc, tin, or iron oxide to a lead antimonate base. Finally, a manganese ore was used to make the purple pigment. Overall, we noted that while the basic pigments remained the same, the colour palette was progressively widened during the 18th century. This was done by using more pure pigments (i.e., with less iron), by changing the ratio in pigment mixtures (i.e., blue and yellow), or by overlapping colour layers for artistic effects. Finally, the results of the chemical and colorimetric analyses are always influenced by the concentration of the pigment in the glaze, its thickness and the overlapping of pigments used by azulejo painters to expand the shades available for the final artistic composition. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC -ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Why together? Archaeology and zoology about medieval leather products on the example of Szczecin

Abstract: Many years of archaeological excavation brought to light a rich material, that can be used in research of topics important from a social and economic point of view, such as the character of the production and/or organization, the development of technique and production technology, or the assortment of goods. A deep analysis of the selected categories of artifacts, in this case made of leather, can be used for a double purpose - a reconstruction of the process and conditions of early medieval leather craft formation, as well as a presentation of their role and significance in the activity structure of the inhabitants of Szczecin. Such an attempt to grasp the rules governing the development of one of the most important production branches - leatherworking, has been undertaken on the basis of leather objects that can be found on a mass scale in Szczecin's cultural layers dated for the period from the early 10th to the mid-13th century. Key to these studies are the results of zoological analyses, which perfectly complement the archaeological conclusions.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Metallurgical Analysis and Conservation of Turbine Blades from Recovered Apollo F-1 Engines

Abstract: Turbine blades recovered from the Apollo Saturn V rocket F-1 engines were examined to determine an appropriate conservation protocol. Significant corrosion damage was observed in the turbine blades which appear to be made of a nickel based gamma-gamma ' superalloy. Pitting corrosion appears to have breached the surface of the turbine blades, and subsequently a form of dealloying corrosion preferentially attacked the gamma ' phase. This corrosion left behind a thin network of interconnected gamma phase, causing a severe loss of density of the blades and fragility of the blades. The particular alloy used for these turbine blades does not appear to be a known production alloy and may have been developed specifically for use in the F-1 rocket engines, with an increased concentration of refractory (Mo, Nb) elemental additions. The analytical results helped conservators determine a suitable treatment protocol for more than 400 blades and 100 fragments from four recovered turbines.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

On the gradability of knowledge how, and its relationship to motor representations and ability

Abstract: In this paper I defend the traditional anti-intellectualist claim that a form of knowing how to Phi (e.g., knowing how to play the guitar) exists that entails the ability to Phi (play the guitar), and that this knowledge cannot be reduced to propositions (such as 'S knows a way w to Phi', where w is a means of Phi ing). I also argue that S can know how to Phi in the absence of the ability to Phi, and for this knowledge to be likewise irreducible to propositions. This is made possible when one distinguishes between type and token actions. Moreover, I contend that type and token actions, and one's ability to engage in them, are differentiated at the level of motor representations. Motor representations provide an alternate means of grading knowledge how to that presented by Carlotta Pavese, insofar as this form of gradable knowledge is likewise irreducible to propositions.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Understanding the Manufacture of Hetian Administration Banknotes from Xinjiang Using Low- and High-resolution Analytical Methods

Abstract: Analytical studies of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials have long faced challenges, due to the need for high-quality, scientifically sound data that can lead to suitable diagnostic criteria. This study applies Herzberg staining, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to five Hetian Administration Banknotes (HABs), a particular type of regional banknotes issued by Ma Hu-shan (1910-1954), a Hui warlord, in southern Xinjiang between 1933 and 1937. The results shed important insights into the use of fiber and dyes on HABs, revealing how locally handmade Sangpi (bark of the mulberry tree, Morus alba L.) papers and imported synthetic dyes (Rhodamine B, Methyl Violet 2B, Direct Black 38, and presumably Sudan II) were combined to serve the needs of the regional economy in southern Xinjiang during the 1930s. We conclude the paper by tentatively proposing guidelines for applying low- and high-resolution analytical methods to understand the manufacture and use of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

'Could we possibly see your tattoo? If not that's totally fine!' Holocaust survivors' playful activism on TikTok

Abstract: Over the past few years, digitalisation has led to the development of new forms of Holocaust memory, with advances in digital technology reshaping and introducing alternative ways of remembering, understanding and representing the Holocaust. The purpose of this study is to examine how three Holocaust survivors - Lily Ebert (100), Gidon Lev (88) and Tova Friedman (85) - share their firsthand experiences on TikTok by segmenting traumatic memories using the platforms' audio-visual aesthetic and adapting their testimonies for the attention spans of young users. Based on 1-year content production and detailed analysis of 84 videos across the three profiles, a mixed-methods approach was applied to identify how each survivor interacts with their 'fans' using a unique communication style and with distinct goals. The results of the multimodal analysis show that the three survivors are engaged in meaningful acts of playful online activism on the memory of the Holocaust by bringing testimony and daily life together, in order to protect historical facts and combat antisemitism and Holocaust distortion.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Underground Diagnosis Based on GPR and Learning in the Model Space

Abstract: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been widely used in pipeline detection and underground diagnosis. In practical applications, the characteristics of the GPR data of the detected area and the likely underground anomalous structures could be rarely acknowledged before fully analyzing the obtained GPR data, causing challenges to identify the underground structures or anomalies automatically. In this article, a GPR B-scan image diagnosis method based on learning in the model space is proposed. The idea of learning in the model space is to use models fitted on parts of data as more stable and parsimonious representations of the data. For the GPR image, 2-Direction Echo State Network (2D-ESN) is proposed to fit the image segments through the next item prediction. By building the connections between the points on the image in both the horizontal and vertical directions, the 2D-ESN regards the GPR image segment as a whole and could effectively capture the dynamic characteristics of the GPR image. And then, semi-supervised and supervised learning methods could be further implemented on the 2D-ESN models for underground diagnosis. Experiments on real-world datasets are conducted, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Cluster analysis of medical students' attitudes regarding people who use drugs: a first step to design a tailored education program.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: People with substance use disorder (SUD) deal with stigmatization in various areas of life, including healthcare system. In this study, we investigated the attitudes of final-year medical students towards SUD people and attempted to understand their influence.METHODS: We conducted a two-stage cluster analysis (hierarchical ascending classification followed by K-means clustering) based on the beSAAS. We administrated this 23-item questionnaire to 923 final-year medical students in Belgium (response rate=71,1%). Sociodemographic characteristics were compared between the clusters.RESULTS: Four clusters of students with specific characteristics were identified in this study. The first, The Inclusives (including 27,9% of respondents) had the least negative attitudes; they wanted to specialize mainly in psychiatry and gynecology. The second, The Centrists (23,6%) consisted mainly of male students. They had many private and professional experiences with substance use and considered themselves less healthy than others did. Most wanted to specialize in pediatrics and general practice. Their attitudes were slightly negative towards people with SUD. The third, The Moralists (27,6%), were mainly older, from non-European countries, had the least experience with substance use (or contact mainly in hospitals), had the less high mother's level of education and reported excellent health. They were heading toward other specialties. They had the most stereotypes and moralism, and less treatment optimism. The fourth, The Specialist care-oriented (20,8%), were the most in favor of specialized treatment. This group had a higher proportion of Belgian, females, and students who had specific contact with this population. They especially intended to specialize in internal medicine.CONCLUSION: This study revealed 4 profiles of medical students with different attitudes towards SUD people. The Moralists, including more than a quarter of the respondents, were characterized by strong stereotypes and moralism and little treatment optimism. These clusters could contribute to the design of a learner-centered program aimed at addressing stigma within the main curriculum.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Addressing the generalization of 3D registration methods with a featureless baseline and an unbiased benchmark

Abstract: Recent 3D registration methods are mostly learning-based that either find correspondences in feature space and match them, or directly estimate the registration transformation from the given point cloud features. Therefore, these feature-based methods have difficulties with generalizing onto point clouds that differ substantially from their training data. This issue is not so apparent because of the problematic benchmark definitions that cannot provide any in-depth analysis and contain a bias toward similar data. Therefore, we propose a methodology to create a 3D registration benchmark, given a point cloud dataset, that provides a more informative evaluation of a method w.r.t. other benchmarks. Using this methodology, we create a novel FAUST-partial (FP) benchmark, based on the FAUST dataset, with several difficulty levels. The FP benchmark addresses the limitations of the current benchmarks: lack of data and parameter range variability, and allows to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a 3D registration method w.r.t. a single registration parameter. Using the new FP benchmark, we provide a thorough analysis of the current state-of-the-art methods and observe that the current method still struggle to generalize onto severely different out-of-sample data. Therefore, we propose a simple featureless traditional 3D registration baseline method based on the weighted cross-correlation between two given point clouds. Our method achieves strong results on current benchmarking datasets, outperforming most deep learning methods. Our source code is available on github.com/DavidBoja/exhaustive-grid-search.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Enhancing academic performance and student engagement in health education: insights from Work Station Learning Activities (WSLA).

Abstract: Making health science students aware of the importance of basic science knowledge for professional practice is a major educational challenge, especially during the early years of preclinical courses. Here, using an integrated curricular approach, we analyze whether Work Station Learning Activities (WSLA), which combine active learning methodologies for teaching basic science in clinical scenarios, can help to develop deeper learning and student engagement. In order to increase student motivation, we evaluated the effectiveness of WSLA using statistical analyses and an observation tool based on the ICAP (Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive) framework, which categorizes learning tasks based on the nature of student engagement. Statistical analyses revealed positive correlations between the different summative evaluations along the development of the activities, indicating the learning process inherent to WSLA progression and affirming the positive influence of WSLA on academic outcomes. Comparing the pre- and post-tests, students scored significantly higher on the post-test (statistically significant p<0.001). WSLA promotes both constructivist and interactive learning, as validated by its alignment with the ICAP model. The study examines student engagement through systematic observation, revealing a relationship between student engagement and final grades. Students who exhibit constructive learning consistently earn higher grades, emphasizing the positive impact of active engagement. Thus, passive behavior profiles show a significant proportion of fails (40%), while constructive profiles stand out as the sole recipients of the coveted excellent rating. Ultimately, this study contributes to our understanding of the effectiveness of WSLA in promoting active learning and enhancing student engagement within integrated health education curricula. It highlights the importance of active learning behaviors for academic success and suggests avenues for further research to optimize integrated teaching methodologies in medical education.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Plasma Metabolome Predicts Aortic Stiffness and Future Risk of Coronary Artery Disease and Mortality After 23Years of Follow-Up in the General Population.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased aortic stiffness (arteriosclerosis) is associated with early vascular aging independent of age and sex. The underlying mechanisms of early vascular aging remain largely unexplored in the general population. We aimed to investigate the plasma metabolomic profile in aortic stiffness (vascular aging) and associated risk of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality.METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 6865 individuals from 2 Swedish population-based cohorts. Untargeted plasma metabolomics was performed by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. Aortic stiffness was assessed directly by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and indirectly by augmentation index (AIx@75). A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was created on plasma metabolites in order to predict aortic stiffness. Associations between metabolite-predicted aortic stiffness and risk of new-onset cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality were calculated. Metabolite-predicted aortic stiffness (PWV and AIx@75) was positively associated particularly with acylcarnitines, dimethylguanidino valeric acid, glutamate, and cystine. The plasma metabolome predicted aortic stiffness (PWV and AIx@75) with good accuracy (R2=0.27 and R2=0.39, respectively). Metabolite-predicted aortic stiffness (PWV and AIx@75) was significantly correlated with age, sex, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein. After 23years of follow-up, metabolite-predicted aortic stiffness (PWV and AIx@75) was significantly associated with increased risk of new-onset coronary artery disease, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality.CONCLUSIONS: Aortic stiffness is associated particularly with altered metabolism of acylcarnitines, cystine, and dimethylguanidino valeric acid. These metabolic disturbances predict increased risk of new-onset coronary artery disease, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality after more than 23years of follow-up in the general population.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Examining the Association between Abstinence from Smoking and Healthcare Costs among Patients with Cancer.

Abstract: Continuous tobacco use in patients with cancer is linked to substantial healthcare costs due to increased risks and complications, whereas quitting smoking leads to improved treatment outcomes and cost reductions. Addressing the need for empirical evidence on the economic impact of smoking cessation, this study examined the association between smoking cessation and healthcare cost utilization among a sample of 930 patients with cancer treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center's Tobacco Research and Treatment Program (TRTP). Applying conditional quantile regression and propensity scores to address confounding, our findings revealed that abstinence achieved through the TRTP significantly reduced the median cost during a 3-month period post-quitting by $1,095 [beta = -$1,095, P = 0.007, 95% confidence interval (CI), = (-$1,886 to -$304)]. Sensitivity analysis corroborated these conclusions, showing a pronounced cost reduction when outlier data were excluded. The long-term accrued cost savings from smoking cessation could potentially offset the cost of participation in the TRTP program, underscoring its cost effectiveness. An important implication of this study is that by reducing smoking rates, healthcare systems can more efficiently allocate resources, enhance patient health outcomes, and lessen the overall cancer burden.PREVENTION RELEVANCE: This study emphasizes the dual impact of smoking cessation programs in patients with cancer: quitting smoking and reducing healthcare costs. It highlights the importance of integrating cessation programs into cancer prevention strategies, ensuring both individual health benefits and broader, system-wide economic efficiencies. See related Spotlight, p. 197.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

2004 Tsunami: Lessons Learned from a Hospital's First Disaster Experience

Abstract: Forum papers are thought-provoking opinion pieces or essays founded in fact, sometimes containing speculation, on a civil engineering topic of general interest and relevance to the readership of the journal. The views expressed in this forum article do not necessarily reflect the views of ASCE or the editorial board of the journal.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Unsupervised Deraining: Where Asymmetric Contrastive Learning Meets Self-Similarity

Abstract: Most existing learning-based deraining methods are supervisedly trained on synthetic rainy-clean pairs. The domain gap between the synthetic and real rain makes them less generalized to complex real rainy scenes. Moreover, the existing methods mainly utilize the property of the image or rain layers independently, while few of them have considered their mutually exclusive relationship. To solve above dilemma, we explore the intrinsic intra-similarity within each layer and inter-exclusiveness between two layers and propose an unsupervised non-local contrastive learning (NLCL) deraining method. The non-local self-similarity image patches as the positives are tightly pulled together and rain patches as the negatives are remarkably pushed away, and vice versa. On one hand, the intrinsic self-similarity knowledge within positive/negative samples of each layer benefits us to discover more compact representation; on the other hand, the mutually exclusive property between the two layers enriches the discriminative decomposition. Thus, the internal self-similarity within each layer (similarity) and the external exclusive relationship of the two layers (dissimilarity) serving as a generic image prior jointly facilitate us to unsupervisedly differentiate the rain from clean image. We further discover that the intrinsic dimension of the non-local image patches is generally higher than that of the rain patches. This insight motivates us to design an asymmetric contrastive loss that precisely models the compactness discrepancy of the two layers, thereby improving the discriminative decomposition. In addition, recognizing the limited quality of existing real rain datasets, which are often small-scale or obtained from the internet, we collect a large-scale real dataset under various rainy weathers that contains high-resolution rainy images. Extensive experiments conducted on different real rainy datasets demonstrate that the proposed method obtains state-of-the-art performance in real deraining.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Montage as process of knowledge mobilization in architectural design.

Abstract: Drawing on findings from an ethnographic study, the paper at hand provides an example of a pronounced way of working with montage as a means of mobilizing knowledge in the architectural design process. With reference to a specific design project, the paper follows architecture students systematically exploring and structuring the problem's space of possibilities by applying montage. Highlighting the methodological rigor and logical coherence their procedure involves, the paper elaborates on montage as an effective method and traceable exploratory process. Presenting and discussing this empirical data, the paper aims at showing how montage allows for apprehending a problem in a holistic manner while at the same time facilitating its analysis into separate parts. In this way, montage engenders the mobilization of knowledge, which can be implicated to the case at hand.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Arrhythmia Burden Among Adult PatientsWith Congenital Heart Disease: APopulation-Based Study.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant percentage of patients with congenital heart disease surviving into adulthood will develop arrhythmias. These arrhythmias are associated with an increased risk of adverse events and death. We aimed to assess arrhythmia prevalence, risk factors, and associated health care usage in a large national cohort of patients with adult congenital heart disease.METHODS AND RESULTS: Adults with a documented diagnosis of congenital heart disease, insured by Clalit and Maccabi health services between January 2007 and December 2011, were included. We assessed the associations between arrhythmia and subsequent hospitalization rates and death with mixed negative binomial and Cox proportional hazard models, respectively. Among 11653 patients with adult congenital heart disease (median age, 47years [interquartile range, 31-62]), 8.7% had a tachyarrhythmia at baseline, 1.5% had a conduction disturbance, and 0.5% had both. Among those without a baseline arrhythmia, 9.2% developed tachyarrhythmias, 0.9% developed a conduction disturbance, and 0.3% developed both during the study period. Compared with no arrhythmia (reference group), arrhythmia in the previous 6months was associated with a higher multivariable adjusted hospitalization rate, 1.33-fold higher than the rate of the reference group (95% CI, 1.00-1.76) for ventricular arrhythmia, 1.27-fold higher (95% CI, 1.17-1.38) for atrial arrhythmias, and 1.33-fold higher (95% CI, 1.04-1.71) for atrioventricular block. Atrial tachyarrhythmias were associated with an adjusted mortality hazard ratio (HR) of 1.65 (95% CI, 1.44-2.94), and ventricular tachyarrhythmias with a >2-fold increase in mortality risk (HR, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.44-2.94]).CONCLUSIONS: Arrhythmias are significant comorbidities in the adult congenital heart disease population and have a significant impact on health care usage and survival.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

An algorithm of line segmentation and reading order sorting based on adjacent character detection: A post-processing of OCR for digitization of Chinese historical texts

Abstract: In recent times, the advent of AI-based optical character recognition (OCR) has garnered significant attention in the realm of digital text conversion. However, it is imperative to note that OCR solely identifies individual characters or words, and lacks the ability to reunite them into cohesive units such as words or sentences. Consequently, the manual sorting of them to establish the appropriate reading order has emerged as a bottleneck. In this paper, we present an algorithm termed adjacent character detection (ACD), designed to serve as a post-processing of OCR, facilitating automatic digital text conversion. The algorithm involves line segmentation through a quad-ACD scan (up-down-down-up), allowing it to consecutively discern characters within a column based on their adjacency relations. Conventional projection profile analyses have struggled to effectively partition the distinct internal structure of Chinese historical text, where two annotation columns often subdivide from a single body column. In contrast, our ACD algorithm employs an approach, reuniting adjacent characters rather than fragmenting the entire text into isolated entities. Additionally, ACD algorithm enabled body/annotation classification for OCR-detected characters based on the pattern analysis of its quad scan. This cumulative information empowers the conversion of digital text in a desired reading order. To assess the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, a set of ground-truth OCR result was subjected to rigorous testing, culminating in a reading order accuracy of 98.6%. Noteworthy robustness was also demonstrated in the face of misaligned columns, experimentally induced by applying tilt, warp, and wavy noises to the original digital images. Lastly, the algorithm was integrated with two pre-developed OCR models, resulting in a reading order accuracy of 97.7%. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Deciphering the David Sign: Intersections in esthetic surgery and renaissance sculpture

Abstract: Spotlighting a 500 -year -old detail in Michelangelo's David, this paper delves into the intricate connection between technique and art in the medical field, especially in esthetic surgery. With rapid technological advancement, medical specialties are becoming increasingly segmented, leading to potential oversights in holistic human examination. Drawing from an- cient Greek concepts, Techne, Ars, and Episteme are explored as symbolic re- presentations of the convergence of skill and knowledge. Art, defined as a reflection of human creativity and emotion, was historically intertwined with science, as symbolized by the nine Muses. The Renaissance period, exemplified by works like David, underlines the profound relationship between art and anatomy. Dr. Gelfman's observations on the David sign serve as a testament to the continuous dance between medical science and artistic representation. This paper underscores the timeless value of a comprehensive approach in medical practice, urging professionals to amalgamate technical precision with an artistic understanding of the human form. Level of evidence: Level V, opinion expert. (c) 2024 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Restricted nominalism about number and its problems

Abstract: Hofweber (Ontology and the ambitions of metaphysics, Oxford University Press, 2016) argues for a thesis he calls internalism with respect to natural number discourse: no expressions purporting to refer to natural numbers in fact refer, and no apparent quantification over natural numbers actually involves quantification over natural numbers as objects. He argues that while internalism leaves open the question of whether other kinds of abstracta exist, it precludes the existence of natural numbers, thus establishing what he calls restricted nominalism about natural numbers. We argue that Hofweber's internalism fails to establish restricted nominalism. Not only is his primary argument for restricted nominalism invalid, the analysis of quantification proposed threatens to collapse internalism into either a traditional form of error theory or realism.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Improved YOLOv8-GD deep learning model for defect detection in electroluminescence images of solar photovoltaic modules

Abstract: Photovoltaic defect detection is an essential aspect of research on building-distributed photovoltaic systems. Existing photovoltaic defect detection models based on deep learning, such as YOLOv5 and YOLOv8, have significantly improved the accuracy of photovoltaic defect detection. However, these models are too large, and their feature extraction ability is insufficient, leading to low detection efficiency and inability to cope with the continuous evolution of defects. Therefore, this study proposes an accurate and lightweight YOLOv8 (You Only Look Once v8) GD algorithm. The algorithm is an improved version of YOLOv8, wherein DW-Conv (DepthWise-Conv) is applied to the YOLOv8 backbone network. Moreover, convolution is replaced with the GSConv (Group-shuffle Conv) and the BiFPN (bidirectional feature pyramid network) structure is added to the architecture. Several electroluminescent photovoltaic defect datasets are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The final experimental results show that the map@0.5 and map@0.5 similar to 0.95 of YOLOv8-GD are 92.8% and 63.1%, respectively, which are 4.2% and 5.7% higher than those of the original algorithm, respectively, and the model volume is reduced by 16.7%. Thus, the proposed algorithm shows considerable potential in the field of photovoltaic defect detection.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

The Demise of Globalization and Rise of Industrial Policy: Caveat Emptor

Abstract: The global trading system has reached an inflection point. The future of the liberalized, rules-based global world order is in doubt as countries that have for decades preached and practiced policies, which can loosely be defined as embodying the 'Washington Consensus', have started to backtrack. Free and fair trade is no longer the mantra as governments embrace industrial policy, protectionism, national security, risk management, and managed trade. Perhaps the most surprising adherent of the reversal is the US, whose embrace of what has been termed a 'modern American industrial strategy' runs counter to traditional American views and norms. While David Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage still holds true, it has certainly fallen out of fashion. Where it leads remains unknown - caveat emptor. This article analyses President Joe Biden's industrial policy and its implications as well as shifts that have occurred as a result of the pandemic, geopolitical competition, and other recent global events.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

A stochastic ADMM algorithm for large-scale ptychography with weighted difference of anisotropic and isotropic total variation

Abstract: Ptychography, a prevalent imaging technique in fields such as biology and optics, poses substantial challenges in its reconstruction process, characterized by nonconvexity and large-scale requirements. This paper presents a novel approach by introducing a class of variational models that incorporate the weighted difference of anisotropic-isotropic total variation. This formulation enables the handling of measurements corrupted by Gaussian or Poisson noise, effectively addressing the nonconvex challenge. To tackle the large-scale nature of the problem, we propose an efficient stochastic alternating direction method of multipliers, which guarantees convergence under mild conditions. Numerical experiments validate the superiority of our approach by demonstrating its capability to successfully reconstruct complex-valued images, especially in recovering the phase components even in the presence of highly corrupted measurements.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Bridgman and the normative independence of science: an individual physicist in the shadow of the bomb

Abstract: Physicist Percy Bridgman has been taken by Heather Douglas to be an exemplar defender of an untenable value-free ideal for science. This picture is complicated by a detailed study of Bridgman's philosophical views of the relation between science and society. The normative autonomy of science, a version of the value-free ideal, is defended. This restriction on the provenance of permissible values in science is given a basis in Bridgman's broader philosophical commitments, most importantly, his view that science is primarily an individual commitment to a set of epistemic norms and values. Considerations of external moral or social values are not, on this view, intrinsic to scientific practice, though they have a broader pragmatic significance. What Bridgman takes as the proper relation between science and society is shown through analysis of his many writings on the topic and consideration of his rarely remarked upon involvement in the most problematic example of Big Science of his day: the atomic bomb. A reevaluation of Bridgman's views provides a unique characterization of what is at stake in the values in science debate: the normative autonomy of science.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Probabilistic epistemic logic based on neighborhood semantics

Abstract: In the literature, different frameworks of probabilistic epistemic logic have been proposed. Most of these frameworks define knowledge or belief by relational structure. In this paper, we explore the relationship between probability and belief, based on the Lockean thesis, and adopt neighborhood semantics that defines belief directly using probability. We provide a sound and weakly complete axiomatization for our framework. We also try to explain the lottery paradox by modelling it within our framework. Moreover, the paper presents findings concerning the relationship between knowledge, belief and probability within various frameworks.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Isotopic Evidence for Socio-economic Dynamics Within the Capital of the Kingdom of Alwa, Sudan

Abstract: Between the sixth and fifteenth c. CE, a vast expanse of central and southern Sudan belonged to the kingdom of Alwa, ruled from the urban metropolis of Soba. Renewed investigation of the city unearthed a small cemetery in the northern part of the site. The heterogeneity of burial practices raised some questions as to the cultural and religious affinities of the deceased and suggested potential multiculturalism of the local urban population. We applied isotopic analyses to investigate the origins of the people buried at Cemetery OS and their concomitant ways of life. Non-concordance of 87Sr/86Sr and delta 18O values with local hydro-geological background speaks to the mixing of water sources as a result of residential mobility. The concordance of human and faunal strontium and oxygen results, combined with elevated delta 13C values corresponding to almost exclusive reliance on C4 produce, points to the possibility of seasonal movement of people with their herds between the Nile valley and the adjacent grasslands. Despite the turn of the medieval Nubian economy towards settled agriculture, by revealing the granular specificities of human adaptation in challenging ecosystems, our results produce the first insight into the enduring diversification of economic production, even in urbanized settings, and persisting participation of local peoples in agro-pastoral symbiosis.Entre le VIe et le XVe s. CE, une vaste etendue du centre et du sud du Soudan appartenait au royaume d'Alwa, gouverne depuis la metropole urbaine de Soba. Une nouvelle enquete sur la ville a mis au jour un petit cimetiere dans la partie nord du site. L'heterogeneite des pratiques funeraires a souleve certaines questions quant aux affinites culturelles et religieuses des defunts et a suggere un potentiel multiculturalisme de la population urbaine locale. Nous avons applique des analyses isotopiques pour etudier les origines des personnes enterrees au cimetiere OS et leurs modes de vie concomitants. La non-concordance des valeurs de 87Sr/86Sr et delta 18O avec le contexte hydrogeologique local temoigne d'un melange de sources d'eau resultant de la mobilite residentielle. La concordance des resultats humains et fauniques en strontium et en oxygene, combinee aux valeurs elevees de delta 13C correspondant a une dependance presque exclusive aux produits C4, indique la possibilite de mouvements saisonniers de personnes et de leurs troupeaux entre la vallee du Nil et les prairies adjacentes. Malgre le tournant de l'economie nubienne medievale vers une agriculture sedentaire, en revelant les specificites granulaires de l'adaptation humaine dans des ecosystemes difficiles, nos resultats donnent le premier apercu de la diversification durable de la production economique, meme dans les contextes urbanises, et de la participation persistante des populations locales a l'agriculture. symbiose agro-pastorale.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Shadow Detection in Remote Sensing Images Based on Spectral Radiance Separability Enhancement

Abstract: Shadow detection is a basic task of remote sensing image analysis, but it is often seriously disturbed by vegetation, water bodies, and black objects. It is observed that vegetation and dark objects often show a dark look in visible bands but brighter in the near-infrared (NIR), and is also noticed that the reflection of inland water bodies in the green band is stronger than that in the blue band. Taking advantage of these physical properties and combining them with the bluish and dark appearance of shadows, we propose a simple but effective shadow detection method for multispectral remote sensing images. These physical properties are used to create transformation models that suppress features such as vegetation, water bodies, etc., but at the same time enhance shadows. Then, we transform the shadow representation into a color space to generate candidate shadows using dominant color components. To separate shadows from the others, we propose two indexes, the normalized Color Difference Composite Index (CDCI) and Color Purity Index (CPI), and fuse them to achieve shadows and their confidence. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively detect the shadows in multispectral images and outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Spatial analysis of cholangiocarcinoma in relation to diabetes mellitus and Opisthorchis viverrini infection in Northeast Thailand.

Abstract: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) exhibits a heightened incidence in regions with a high prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini infection, with previous studies suggesting an association with diabetes mellitus (DM). Our study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of CCA in relation to O. viverrini infection and DM within high-risk populations in Northeast Thailand. Participants from 20 provinces underwent CCA screening through the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program between 2013 and 2019. Health questionnaires collected data on O. viverrini infection and DM, while ultrasonography confirmed CCA diagnoses through histopathology. Multiple zero-inflated Poisson regression, accounting for covariates like age and gender, assessed associations of O. viverrini infection and DM with CCA. Bayesian spatial analysis methods explored spatial relationships. Among 263,588 participants, O. viverrini infection, DM, and CCA prevalence were 32.37%, 8.22%, and 0.36%, respectively. The raw standardized morbidity ratios for CCA was notably elevated in the Northeast's lower and upper regions. Coexistence of O. viverrini infection and DM correlated with CCA, particularly in males and those aged over 60years, with a distribution along the Chi, Mun, and Songkhram Rivers. Our findings emphasize the association of the spatial distribution of O. viverrini infection and DM with high-risk CCA areas in Northeast Thailand. Thus, prioritizing CCA screening in regions with elevated O. viverrini infection and DM prevalence is recommended.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Development of a smart powering system with ammonia fuel cells and internal combustion engine for submarines

Abstract: The current limitations of hydrogen storage technology in submarines have prompted the need for alternative solutions. One promising option is the use of ammonia, a readily stored fuel. This paper presents an innovative, integrated system that runs on ammonia and does not rely on atmospheric air. The system combines Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell (DAFC) stack and an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) technology to generate power, freshwater, and cooling. The system also recovers waste heat and utilizes it efficiently to produce these useful outputs. The study further aims to assess the system's performance using energy and exergy analysis methods and to conduct a parametric analysis to examine the impact of parameters and operating conditions on system efficiency. In the developed integrated system, the quantities of net power produced, cooling provided, and freshwater flow rate produced under specified conditions are 4069 kW, 589.5 kW, and 1.269 kg/s, respectively. Its energy and exergy efficiency were found to be 38.58% and 44.77%, respectively. The analysis study also obtains that increasing the ammonia flow rate supplied to the ICE and the steam flow rate provided to the turbine, as well as the reference temperature, could potentially improve both energetic and exergetic efficiencies.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Impact of early death recording on international comparison of acute myocardial infarction mortality - administrative hospital data study using the example of Germany and the United States.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In-hospital mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is widely used in international comparisons as an indicator of health system performance. Because of the high risk of early death after AMI, international comparisons may be biased by differences in the recording of early death cases in hospital inpatient data. This study examined whether differences in the recording of early deaths affect international comparisons of AMI in-hospital mortality by using the example of Germany and the United States, and explored approaches to address this issue.METHODS: The German Diagnosis-Related Groups Statistics (DRG Statistics), the U.S. National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the U.S. Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) were analysed from 2014 to 2019. Cases with treatment for AMI were identified in German and U.S. inpatient data. AMI deaths occurring in the emergency department (ED) without inpatient admission were extracted from NEDS data. 30-day in-hospital mortality figures were calculated according to the OECD indicator definition (unlinked data) and modified by including ED deaths, or excluding all same-day cases.RESULTS: German age-and-sex standardized 30-day in-hospital mortality was substantially higher compared to the U.S. (in 2019, 7.3% vs. 4.6%). The ratio of German vs. U.S. mortality was 1.6. After inclusion of ED deaths in U.S. data this ratio declined to 1.4. Exclusion of same-day cases in German and U.S. data led to a similar ratio.CONCLUSIONS: While short-duration treatments due to early death are generally recorded in German inpatient data, in U.S. inpatient data those cases are partially missing. Excluding cases with short-duration treatment from the calculation of mortality indicators could be a feasible approach to account for differences in the recording of early deaths, that might be existent in other countries as well.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Mediators, users and narratives: The cathedral experience

Abstract: The unprecedented emotion aroused by the burning of Notre-Dame de Paris on April 15, 2019 implies an attachment to this building whose foundations anthropology attempts to uncover. Therefore, it is also a case of questioning the way in which a heritage can be as universally shared as is the Parisian cathedral. Moreover, in the present of the restoration, which holds the monument at a distance from its users in an unprecedented way, the current investigation aims to understand what happens to this link, as revealed by the catastrophe. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Gaza in plain sight: witnessing in solidarity

Abstract: In this visual essay, Mazen Kerbaj and Jana Traboulsi bear witness to the genocidal violence that has been unfolding in Gaza since 7 October 2023. From Berlin and Lebanon, respectively, Kerbaj and Traboulsi have been chronicling and responding to the harrowing day-to-day news and testimonies from Gaza. Their drawings raise fundamental questions about what it is to bear witness to genocide as it unfolds, about the politics of seeing as an act of solidarity against imposed invisibility and about racialized sight - the eye that refuses to see what is hiding in plain sight.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

The relationship between social withdrawal and problematic social media use in Chinese college students: a chain mediation of alexithymia and negative body image.

Abstract: This study explores the relationship between social withdrawal and problematic social media use among college students, with a focus on the mediating roles of alexithymia and negative body image. Using the University Student Social Withdrawal Questionnaire, Social Media Addiction Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and Negative Body Image Scale, 2582 college students (33.46% male, average age=19.46 years, SD=2.23) were surveyed. Social withdrawal, alexithymia, negative body image, and problematic social media use were significantly correlated with each other. Social withdrawal positively predicted problematic social media use, and both alexithymia and negative body image played a chain mediating role between social withdrawal and problematic social media use. The findings indicate that individual social withdrawal is associated with college students' problematic use of social media. The results suggest that alexithymia and negative body image may mediate this association, highlighting a potential pathway through which social withdrawal influences social media use patterns.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Incidence and survival of primary metastatic breast cancer in Denmark; implication of breast cancer screening, classification, and staging practice.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary metastatic breast cancer (pMBC) accounts for 5-10% of annual breast cancers with a median survival of 3-4 years, varying among subtypes. In Denmark, the incidence of breast cancer increased until 2010, followed by a stabilisation. Several factors influencing pMBC incidence and survival, including screening prevalence, staging methods, and classification standards, remain pivotal but inadequately documented.MATERIAL AND METHOD: This retrospective observational study involving pMBC patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2020 encompassed all Danish oncology departments. Data from the Danish Breast Cancer Group database and the National Patient Register included diagnosis specifics, demographics, treatment, and follow-up.RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2020, 3,272 patients were diagnosed with pMBC, a rise from 355 patients in 2000-2004 to 1,323 patients in 2015-2020. The increase was particularly observed in patients aged 70 years or older. Changes in tumour subtypes were observed, notably with a rise in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cases but a steady distribution of estrogen receptor (ER) status. Diagnostic practices changed over the two decades, with 6% evaluated with PET/CT (positron emission tomography-computed tomography) or CT (computed tomography) with a bone evaluation in 2000-2004 and 65% in 2015-2020. Overall survival (OS) improved from 23 months in 2000-2004 to 33 months in 2015-2020. In patients with ER-positive and HER2-positive disease, the multivariable model showed improved survival by year of diagnosis, and further, patients with ER-negative/HER2-negative disease fared worse the first 2 years after diagnosis.INTERPRETATION: Our study delineates changes in the treatment and survival of pMBC over two decades. Stage migration, screening introduction, and changes in registration practice, however, prevent a valid assessment of a possible causal relationship.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

I'm from the Government, and I'm Here to Help: Public Perceptions of Coercive State Power

Abstract: Under what conditions does the US public support the domestic use of different institutions of coercive state power? We theorize how the type of situation, the type of actor, the mission, and the type of intervention influence public support for such missions. We use a preregistered conjoint survey experiment to test our hypotheses and find that participants (i) are less supportive of interventions in response to protests than to natural disasters or terrorism, (ii) generally prefer the police or the National Guard to the military, (iii) mistrust order maintenance interventions, and (iv) prefer intervening actors be unarmed. Preferences (ii)-(iv) are strongly conditioned on the type of event. We also find that Republicans are more accepting of military actors, order maintenance interventions, armed interventions, and policing responses to protests. We note implications for public trust in the military, the militarization of policing, and the domestic use of federal forces.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

A new cold war at sea: Fishing rights vs. the proliferation of military activities in the EEZ

Abstract: With the oceans covering 70% of the world's surface, one might be under the illusion that every State might find sufficient space for their activities, nothing could be further from the truth. This was proven once more in January 2022 and August 2023 when Russian vessels sought to engage in military exercises within strategic areas of the Irish and Norwegian exclusive economic zones (EEZs), choosing some of the local fishermen's preferred locations in the process. Unlike their governments, the local fishermen refused to accept the Russian intrusions and via continuous protest through presence succeeded in forcing the Russian Navy to move the exercises to another area. This example is proof that to this day, the legal framework of the EEZ still gives rise to significant questions and uncertainties, often to the benefit of lawfare lawyers, especially in regards to foreign military activities and overlapping uses of the same area. Art. 56 LOSC awards sovereign resource rights to the coastal State, but arts. 58 and 87 LOSC grant the maritime user State the freedom to navigate. How to reconcile these different uses has for a long time occupied the minds of law of the sea lawyers. In this article, an attempt is made utilizing a selection of national and international jurisprudence - to clarify the relation between these different uses of the EEZ, their permissibility and why the fishermen's success in these cases might not so easily be translated into general international law.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

A self-supervised framework for cross-modal search in histopathology archives using scale harmonization.

Abstract: The exponential growth of data across various medical domains has generated a substantial demand for techniques to analyze multimodal big data. This demand is particularly pronounced in fields such as computational pathology due to the diverse nature of the tissue. Cross-modal retrieval aims to identify a common latent space where different modalities, such as image-text pairs, exhibit close alignment. The primary challenge, however, often lies in the representation of tissue features. While language models can be trained relatively easily, visual models frequently struggle due to the scarcity of labeled data. To address this issue, the innovative concept of harmonization has been introduced, extending the learning scheme distillation without supervision, known as DINO. The harmonization of scale refines the DINO paradigm through a novel patching approach, overcoming the complexities posed by gigapixel whole slide images in digital pathology. Experiments conducted on diverse datasets have demonstrated that the proposed approach significantly enhances cross-modal retrieval in tissue imaging. Moreover, it exhibits vast potential for other fields that rely on gigapixel imaging.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

FROM FEMALE MORALITY TO HUMAN DIGNITY: AN EVOLUTIVE INTERPRETATION OF 'HONOUR' UNDER ARTICLE 27(2) OF THE FOURTH GENEVA CONVENTION

Abstract: This article suggests a new interpretative framework for Article 27(2) of the Fourth Geneva Convention, which prohibits sexual violence against women in armed conflict. One specific aspect of this norm is particularly controversial: the notion of 'honour' has often been criticised as an obsolete concept linked to an outdated view of female morality. In the absence of a definition of the term, this article examines whether the gendered limitations of the norm can be overcome and the extent to which an evolutive interpretation of the concept is feasible. It argues that the concept of 'honour' can be treated as a generic term that is subject to evolutive interpretation, allowing for a renewed and gender-sensitive understanding to be developed, aligned with the concept of human dignity.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Does the conflict between work and family hinder thriving? Role of depersonalization and intrinsic motivation

Abstract: PurposeElucidating on the concrete outline of conservation of resource theory, this study aims to explore the links between work-family conflict and workplace thriving. In particular, this study has integrated depersonalization as a mediator and tested the moderated mediation effects of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and depersonalization relationships.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a sample of 357 doctors working across various public hospitals in India over two waves (T1 and T2) and was tested using AMOS and Process Macros.FindingsExploration reveals that work-family conflict is negatively associated with workplace thriving. The mediating role of depersonalization in between work-family conflict and workplace thriving was established. Moreover, the moderating role of intrinsic motivation in work-family conflict and workplace thriving via depersonalization was also established.Originality/valueThe present study makes a theoretical addition to the literature by investigating nuances through which work-family conflict relationships and thriving at the workplace can be affected. To date, such a relationship has not been established. The study also extends the role of depersonalization as an underlying mechanism between work-family conflict and workplace thriving, making an imperative contribution. This study also tested the moderating role of intrinsic motivation. Overall, these relationships are novel and have been seldom reported.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Kidney Failure.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients with kidney failure, and their risk of cardiovascular events is 10 to 20 times higher as compared with the general population.METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated 508822 patients who initiated dialysis between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2014 using the United States Renal Data System with linked Medicare claims. We determined hospitalization rates for cardiovascular events, defined by acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, and stroke. We examined the association of sex with outcome of cardiovascular events, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death using adjusted time-to-event models. The mean age was 70±12years and 44.7% were women. The cardiovascular event rate was 232 per thousand person-years (95% CI, 231-233), with a higher rate in women than in men (248 per thousand person-years [95% CI, 247-250] versus 219 per thousand person-years [95% CI, 217-220]). Women had a 14% higher risk of cardiovascular events than men (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14 [95% CI, 1.13-1.16]). Women had a 16% higher risk of heart failure (HR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.15-1.18]), a 31% higher risk of stroke (HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.28-1.34]), and no difference in risk of acute coronary syndrome (HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.99-1.03]). Women had a lower risk of cardiovascular death (HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.88-0.90]) and a lower risk of all-cause death than men (HR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.95-0.97]).CONCLUSIONS: Among patients undergoing dialysis, women have a higher risk of cardiovascular events of heart failure and stroke than men. Women have a lower adjusted risk of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Internet-Delivered Exposure and Response Prevention for Pediatric Tourette Syndrome: 12-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Abstract: Importance: Behavior therapy is a recommended intervention for Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD), but availability is limited and long-term effects are uncertain.Objective: To investigate the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of therapist-supported, internet-delivered exposure and response prevention (ERP) vs psychoeducation for youths with TS or CTD.Design, Setting, And Participants: This 12-month controlled follow-up of a parallel group, superiority randomized clinical trial was conducted at a research clinic in Stockholm, Sweden, with nationwide recruitment. In total, 221 participants aged 9 to 17 years with TS or CTD were enrolled between April 26, 2019, and April 9, 2021, of whom 208 (94%) provided 12-month follow-up data. Final follow-up data were collected on June 29, 2022. Outcome assessors were masked to treatment allocation throughout the study.Interventions: A total of 111 participants were originally randomly allocated to 10 weeks of therapist-supported, internet-delivered ERP and 110 participants to therapist-supported, internet-delivered psychoeducation.Main Outcomes And Measures: The primary outcome was within-group change in tic severity, measured by the Total Tic Severity Score of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS-TTSS), from the 3-month follow-up to the 12-month follow-up. Treatment response was defined as 1 (very much improved) or 2 (much improved) on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale. Analyses were intention-to-treat and followed the plan prespecified in the published study protocol. A health economic evaluation was performed from 3 perspectives: health care organization (including direct costs for treatment provided in the study), health care sector (additionally including health care resource use outside of the study), and societal (additionally including costs beyond health care [eg, parent's absenteeism from work]).Results: In total, 221 participants were recruited (mean [SD] age, 12.1 [2.3] years; 152 [69%] male). According to the YGTSS-TTSS, there were no statistically significant changes in tic severity from the 3-month to the 12-month follow-up in either group (ERP coefficient, -0.52 [95% CI, -1.26 to 0.21]; P=.16; psychoeducation coefficient, 0.00 [95% CI, -0.78 to 0.78]; P>.99). A secondary analysis including all assessment points (baseline to 12-month follow-up) showed no statistically significant between-group difference in tic severity from baseline to the 12-month follow-up (coefficient, -0.38 [95% CI, -1.11 to 0.35]; P=.30). Treatment response rates were similar in both groups (55% in ERP and 50% in psychoeducation; odds ratio, 1.25 [95% CI, 0.73-2.16]; P=.42) at the 12-month follow-up. The health economic evaluation showed that, from a health care sector perspective, ERP produced more quality-adjusted life years (0.01 [95% CI, -0.01 to 0.03]) and lower costs (adjusted mean difference -$84.48 [95% CI, -$440.20 to $977.60]) than psychoeducation at the 12-month follow-up. From the health care organization and societal perspectives, ERP produced more quality-adjusted life years at higher costs, with 65% to 78% probability of ERP being cost-effective compared with psychoeducation when using a willingness-to-pay threshold of US $79 000.Conclusions And Relevance: There were no statistically significant changes in tic severity from the 3-month through to the 12-month follow-up in either group. The ERP intervention was not superior to psychoeducation at any time point. While ERP was not superior to psychoeducation alone in reducing tic severity at the end of the follow-up period, ERP is recommended for clinical implementation due to its likely cost-effectiveness and support from previous literature.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03916055.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Influence of Belowground Biomass on Barrier-Island Evolution During Storms: A Computational Parameter Study

Abstract: Barrier islands span 10% of the world's coastlines and dominate along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts in the USA routinely exposed to storm surge. These islands serve as buffers between the open coast and the mainland, and protect the mainland from storm damage. During storms, significant morphological change can occur, including substantial erosion of the islands' vegetated dunes. In this study, the focus is on the influence of belowground biomass - namely dune plant roots - and dune topographic characteristics on barrier-island erosion during storms. The numerical model XBeach was employed to simulate storm-induced sediment transport. A parameter study was conducted by varying distance from the shoreline to the dune, dune shape, sediment grain size, and sediment mobility as an analogue for biomass. The influence of individual parameters and the collective impact of parameters were analyzed. The results help improve our knowledge of barrier island dynamics and lay a solid groundwork for future investigations.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

From Police Power to Police Practice

Abstract: Understanding the everyday manifestations of systemic racism, cisheteropatriarchy, and unequal justice for oppressed women and femmes necessitates meaningful engagement with critical law enforcement studies-the study of why and how policing and punishment takes place in carceral societies. Anne Gray Fischer's The Streets Belong to Us spells out why sexual policing matters for the history of political development, capitalist growth, and socioeconomic inequality in U.S. cities, like Boston, Atlanta, and Los Angeles. Ultimately, as Fischer's work affirms, urban law enforcement forces have routinely greased the wheels of punitive governance and state violence under the auspices of maintaining control over a contested and shifting social order.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Impact of acute glycemic variability on short-term outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a multicenter population-based study.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Given the increasing attention to glycemic variability (GV) and its potential implications for cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to explore the impact of acute GV on short-term outcomes in Chinese patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).METHODS: This study enrolled 7510 consecutive patients diagnosed with acute STEMI from 274 centers in China. GV was assessed using the coefficient of variation of blood glucose levels. Patients were categorized into three groups according to GV tertiles (GV1, GV2, and GV3). The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause death, and the secondary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine the independent correlation between GV and the outcomes.RESULTS: A total of 7136 patients with STEMI were included. During 30-days follow-up, there was a significant increase in the incidence of all-cause death and MACEs with higher GV tertiles. The 30-days mortality rates were 7.4% for GV1, 8.7% for GV2 and 9.4% for GV3 (p=0.004), while the MACEs incidence rates was 11.3%, 13.8% and 15.8% for the GV1, GV2 and GV3 groups respectively (p<0.001). High GV levels during hospitalization were significantly associated with an increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality and MACEs. When analyzed as a continuous variable, GV was independently associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.679, 95% confidence Interval [CI] 1.005-2.804) and MACEs (HR 2.064, 95% CI 1.386-3.074). Additionally, when analyzed as categorical variables, the GV3 group was found to predict an increased risk of MACEs, irrespective of the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM).CONCLUSION: Our study findings indicate that a high GV during hospitalization was significantly associated with an increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality and MACE in Chinese patients with STEMI. Moreover, acute GV emerged as an independent predictor of increased MACEs risk, regardless of DM status.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

The relationship between earthquake-induced post-traumatic stress disorder and breastfeeding attitude and behavior.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and analyze the relationship between PTSD and breastfeeding attitudes and behaviors among breastfeeding mothers and women with children aged 0-24months, all of whom had experienced the earthquake.METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey, a face-to-face questionnaire was administered to 173 earthquake survivors in Adiyaman, Turkey, during June and July 2023. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian scale was used to assess the presence of PTSD, while the Breastfeeding Attitudes of the Evaluation Scale (BAES) was employed to evaluate breastfeeding behaviors in mothers.RESULTS: Significantly higher PTSD scores (47.6±17.4) were found among women staying in tents, while lower scores (37.0±16.4) were observed in those who continued breastfeeding. 78.6% of women reported decreased breast milk because of the earthquake. Mothers with reduced milk supply had higher PTSD scores (46.1±17.3). Breastfeeding training was associated with higher BAES scores (106.8±56.8) and lower PTSD scores (32.5±11.0). A significant negative correlation was observed between the PTSD score and BAES (r=-0.742; p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that breastfeeding may protect mothers against PTSD in the aftermath of earthquakes, emphasizing the importance of breastfeeding education. The higher frequency and severity of PTSD observed among earthquake survivor mothers residing in tents underscores the importance of promptly transitioning to permanent housing after the earthquake.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Analysis of trajectory changes and predictive factors of sense of coherence in patients after colorectal cancer surgery

Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the trajectories and potential categories of changes in the sense of coherence (SOC) in patients after colorectal cancer surgery and to analyze predictive factors. MethodsFrom January to July 2023, 175 patients with colorectal cancer treated at a tertiary Grade A oncology hospital in Jiangsu Province were selected as the study subjects. Prior to surgery, SOC-13 scale, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were used to survey the patients. SOC levels were measured multiple times at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post-surgery. Growth Mixture Modeling (GMM) was applied to fit the trajectory changes of SOC in patients after colorectal cancer surgery. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the predictive factors of SOC trajectory changes. ResultsThe SOC scores of patients at points T1-T4 were (65.27 +/- 9.20), (63.65 +/- 10.41), (63.85 +/- 11.84), and (61.56 +/- 12.65), respectively. Multinomial logistic regression results indicated that gender, employment status, disease stage, household monthly income, intestinal stoma, nutritional status, illness perception, and social support were predictors of SOC trajectory changes (P < 0.05). ConclusionThere is heterogeneity in the trajectory changes of SOC in patients after colorectal cancer surgery. Healthcare professionals should implement early precision interventions based on the patterns of changes and predictive factors in each trajectory category.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

How has interpersonal communication satisfaction impacted teleworkers' job satisfaction? The role of information technology awareness and creative performance

Abstract: With COVID-19, a significant number of companies have started to work remotely, and communication has started to occur mainly through technological tools. This study investigates the relationship between teleworkers' interpersonal communication and job satisfaction through the mediating role of information technology (IT) awareness and creative performance. Data were collected from 683 teleworkers and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and PROCESS Macro. The findings indicated that (1) teleworkers' interpersonal communication satisfaction is positively associated with job satisfaction, and (2) IT awareness and creative performance mediate the relationship between interpersonal communication satisfaction and job satisfaction. Finally, the study's theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. The results emphasize the role of interpersonal communication satisfaction on job satisfaction and show that both employees and companies should receive the necessary training for a sufficient level of employee IT knowledge.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Single image super-resolution based on trainable feature matching attention network

Abstract: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been widely employed for image Super -Resolution (SR) in recent years. Various techniques enhance SR performance by altering CNN structures or incorporating improved self-attention mechanisms. Interestingly, these advancements share a common trait. Instead of explicitly learning high-frequency details, they learn an implicit feature processing mode that utilizes weighted sums of a feature map's own elements for reconstruction, akin to convolution and non-local. In contrast, early dictionary-based approaches learn feature decompositions explicitly to match and rebuild Low-Resolution (LR) features. Building on this analysis, we introduce Trainable Feature Matching (TFM) to amalgamate this explicit feature learning into CNNs, augmenting their representation capabilities. Within TFM, trainable feature sets are integrated to explicitly learn features from training images through feature matching. Furthermore, we integrate non-local and channel attention into our proposed Trainable Feature Matching Attention Network (TFMAN) to further enhance SR performance. To alleviate the computational demands of non-local operations, we propose a streamlined variant called Same-size-divided Region -level Non-Local (SRNL). SRNL conducts nonlocal computations in parallel on blocks uniformly divided from the input feature map. The efficacy of TFM and SRNL is validated through ablation studies and module explorations. We employ a recurrent convolutional network as the backbone of our TFMAN to optimize parameter utilization. Comprehensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that TFMAN achieves superior results in most comparisons while using fewer parameters. The code is available at https://github.com/qizhou000/tfman.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Colorful image reconstruction from neuromorphic event cameras with biologically inspired deep color fusion neural networks

Abstract: Neuromorphic event-based cameras communicate transients in luminance instead of frames, providing visual information with a fine temporal resolution, high dynamic range and high signal-to-noise ratio. Enriching event data with color information allows for the reconstruction of colorful frame-like intensity maps, supporting improved performance and visually appealing results in various computer vision tasks. In this work, we simulated a biologically inspired color fusion system featuring a three-stage convolutional neural network for reconstructing color intensity maps from event data and sparse color cues. While current approaches for color fusion use full RGB frames in high resolution, our design uses event data and low-spatial and tonal-resolution quantized color cues, providing a high-performing small model for efficient colorful image reconstruction. The proposed model outperforms existing coloring schemes in terms of SSIM, LPIPS, PSNR, and CIEDE2000 metrics. We demonstrate that auxiliary limited color information can be used in conjunction with event data to successfully reconstruct both color and intensity frames, paving the way for more efficient hardware designs.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Common cold viruses circulating in children threaten wild chimpanzees through asymptomatic adult carriers.

Abstract: Reverse zoonotic respiratory diseases threaten great apes across Sub-Saharan Africa. Studies of wild chimpanzees have identified the causative agents of most respiratory disease outbreaks as common cold paediatric human pathogens, but reverse zoonotic transmission pathways have remained unclear. Between May 2019 and August 2021, we conducted a prospective cohort study of 234 children aged 3-11years in communities bordering Kibale National Park, Uganda, and 30 adults who were forest workers and regularly entered the park. We collected 2047 respiratory symptoms surveys to quantify clinical severity and simultaneously collected 1989 nasopharyngeal swabs approximately monthly for multiplex viral diagnostics. Throughout the course of the study, we also collected 445 faecal samples from 55 wild chimpanzees living nearby in Kibale in social groups that have experienced repeated, and sometimes lethal, epidemics of human-origin respiratory viral disease. We characterized respiratory pathogens in each cohort and examined statistical associations between PCR positivity for detected pathogens and potential risk factors. Children exhibited high incidence rates of respiratory infections, whereas incidence rates in adults were far lower. COVID-19 lockdown in 2020-2021 significantly decreased respiratory disease incidence in both people and chimpanzees. Human respiratory infections peaked in June and September, corresponding to when children returned to school. Rhinovirus, which caused a 2013 outbreak that killed 10% of chimpanzees in a Kibale community, was the most prevalent human pathogen throughout the study and the only pathogen present at each monthly sampling, even during COVID-19 lockdown. Rhinovirus was also most likely to be carried asymptomatically by adults. Although we did not detect human respiratory pathogens in the chimpanzees during the cohort study, we detected human metapneumovirus in two chimpanzees from a February 2023 outbreak that were genetically similar to viruses detected in study participants in 2019. Our data suggest that respiratory pathogens circulate in children and that adults become asymptomatically infected during high-transmission times of year. These asymptomatic adults may then unknowingly carry the pathogens into forest and infect chimpanzees. This conclusion, in turn, implies that intervention strategies based on respiratory symptoms in adults are unlikely to be effective for reducing reverse zoonotic transmission of respiratory viruses to chimpanzees.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Bridges Halifax 2023

Abstract: The Bridges Conference has been running on an annual basis since 1998 and is the foremost international conference dedicated to connections between mathematics and the arts, design and culture. In 2023, Bridges took place at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The conference ran from July 27 to 31, and was packed with a wide variety of plenary and contributed lectures, workshops, exhibitions, performances and public events. This article reports on the scientific, artistic and cultural programme and experience, from the viewpoint of a participant who is an academic mathematician based in Ireland.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Systematic Review on Characteristics and Effects of Leadership Development Interventions for Nursing Students.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Effective nursing leadership improves health care quality, patient well-being, and nursing staff outcomes. Newly graduated nurses face challenges in transitioning into leadership roles. Thus, examining the leadership development interventions for nursing students is critical.PURPOSE: This systematic review examined the characteristics and effectiveness of leadership development interventions designed for and implemented with undergraduate nursing students.METHODS: A comprehensive search covered Scopus, CINAHL Ultimate, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, WOS Core Collection, Journals@Ovid, JSTOR Journals, and ERIC databases. Included studies were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.RESULTS: The final review comprised 19 studies showcasing positive impacts on leadership development. The interventions varied in leadership approach, design and content, structure, qualifications, student involvement, and outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: Leadership development interventions are effective in enhancing nursing students' leadership. Nevertheless, future interventions should prioritize well-structured content, and studies must incorporate robust methodologies.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Beauty premium: the impact of CEO facial attractiveness on corporate social responsibility

Abstract: PurposeFace is the most intuitive and representative feature at the individual level. Many studies show that beautiful faces help individuals and enterprises obtain economic benefits and form a high economic premium, but the discussion of their potential social value is insufficient. This study aims to focus on the impact of the personal characteristics of executives. It mainly analyzes the impact mechanism of CEO facial attractiveness on corporate social responsibility (CSR) decision-making, clarifying the social value of beauty from the perspective of CSR.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the regression model to analyze the panel data set, which was conducted by a sample of Chinese publicly listed firms from 2016 to 2018.FindingsThe study found that CEOs with high facial attractiveness are more active in fulfilling CSR, which can usually bring higher social benefits. CEOs with beautiful faces are prone to overconfidence, are optimistic about their ability and the future development of the enterprise and are more willing to increase their investment in CSR. CEO duality can positively regulate the positive correlation between a CEO's facial attractiveness and CSR.Originality/valueBased on the perspective of upper echelons theory, this paper explores the mechanism of CEO facial attractiveness on CSR. This study enriches the perspective of the upper echelon's theoretical research and has essential enlightenment for CEO selection and training practice.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

States' Abortion Laws Associated With Intimate Partner Violence-Related Homicide Of Women And Girls In The US, 2014-20.

Abstract: Women who are pregnant or recently gave birth are significantly more likely to be killed by an intimate partner than nonpregnant, nonpostpartum women of reproductive age, implicating the risk of fatal violence conferred by pregnancy itself. The rapidly increasing passage of state legislation has restricted or banned access to abortion care across the US. We used the most recent and only source of population-based data to examine the association between state laws that restrict access to abortion and trends in intimate partner violence-related homicide among women and girls ages10-44 during the period 2014-20. Using robust difference-in-differences ecologic modeling, we found that enforcement of each additional Targeted Regulation of Abortion Providers (TRAP) law was associated with a 3.4percent increase in the rate of intimate partner violence-related homicide in this population. We estimated that 24.3 intimate partner violence-related homicides of women and girls ages10-44 were associated with TRAP laws implemented in the states and years included in this analysis. Assessment of policies that restrict access to abortion should consider their potential harm to reproductive-age women through the risk for violent death.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

On subjective measures of decision quality

Abstract: In times of person-centered care, it is all the more important to support patients in making good decisions about their care. One way to offer such support to patients is by way of Patient Decision Aids (PDAs). Ranging from patient brochures to web-based tools, PDAs explicitly state the decisions patients face, inform them about their medical options, help them to clarify and discuss their values, and ultimately make a decision. However, lingering discussions surround effectiveness research on PDAs. In this article, I focus on two subjective measures of decision quality that are widely used as outcome measures in effectiveness research on PDAs (i.e., the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) and measures of regret). Although these measurement instruments have attracted critical attention in the scientific literature, bioethicists have hardly engaged with them. Therefore, I set myself to analyze the relationship between (the different subscales of) the DCS and measures of regret, on the one hand, and ethical principles such as beneficence and autonomy, on the other hand. In light of that analysis, I will clarify some discussions regarding the use of these measures of decision quality in effectiveness research on PDAs. This should help us to align the way we evaluate PDAs with ethical principles and avoid that our attempts to support patients in making good decisions about their care that is so central to person-centered care point in unethical directions.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.