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Providing Behavioral Health Care in PACE - A Review of Federal and State Manual Regulations.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Present analysis of the federal and state regulations that guide The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) operations and core clinical features for direction on behavioral health (BH).DESIGN: Review and synthesize the federal (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services [CMS]) and all publicly available state manuals according to the BH-Serious Illness Care (SIC) model domains.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The 155 PACE organizations operating in 32 states and the District of Columbia.METHODS: A multipronged search was conducted to identify official state and federal manuals guiding the implementation and functions of PACE organizations. The CMS PACE website was used to identify the federal PACE manual. State-level manuals for 32 states with PACE programs were identified through several sources, including official PACE websites, contacts through official websites, the National PACE Association (NPA), and public and academic search engines. The manuals were searched according to the BH-SIC model domains that pertain to integrating BH care with complex care individuals.RESULTS: According to the CMS Manual, the interdisciplinary team is responsible for holistic care of PACE enrollees, but a BH specialist is not a required member. The CMS Manual includes information on BH clinical functions, BH workforce, and structures for outcome measurement, quality, and accountability. Eight of 32 PACE-participating states offer publicly available state PACE manuals; of which 3 offer information on BH clinical functions.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Regarding BH, federal and state manual regulations establish limited guidance for comprehensive care service delivery at PACE organizations. The absence of clear directives weakens BH care delivery due to a limiting the ability to develop quality measures and accountability structures. This hinders incentivization and accountability to truly all-inclusive care. Clearer guidelines and regulatory parameters regarding BH care at federal and state levels may enable more PACE organizations to meet rising BH demands of aging communities.

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Scientific approach, attitudes, and perspectives on research among Swedish physiotherapy students-a cross-sectional study.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Scientific evidence is important to evidence-based practice. Hence, the application of evidence-based practice requires relevant skills and an understanding of science, which therefore need to be learned and trained during the undergraduate program in physiotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes, perceived competence, and conditions for a scientific approach among physiotherapy students in Sweden, and to compare attitudes and perceived competence between students in different program years.METHODS: Physiotherapy students from six universities (n=1499) were invited to respond to a digital survey. The survey contained questions regarding attitudes toward science, perceived competence in research interpretations and open comments regarding requirements for a strengthened scientific approach during education. Comparisons between education years were performed with ANOVA/Kruskal‒Wallis test (scale outcomes) and logistic regression (binary outcomes).RESULTS: A total of 466 students responded to the survey. In total, 57% (n=266) of the students had a high interest in science. No significant difference in interest in science was found between students in the three program years, but 75% (n=347) reported increased interest during the program. A perceived high ability to understand the structure and performance of scientific studies was reported by 31% (n=144), to evaluate the methodology by 16% (n=72) and to interpret statistical results from scientific studies by 12% (n=55). The lowest perceived competence was reported among students in their second year (p<0.05). A majority of the students (88%; n=410) reported a perceived personal need for strengthened conditions for a scientific approach, with suggested prerequisites during education via increased theoretical and applied understanding of the research.CONCLUSION: Even though this study does not fully cover physiotherapy students at all undergraduate programmes in Sweden, the results support that a scientific approach and training should be strengthened during education to enable physiotherapists to understand and interpret science and to fully apply an evidence-based approach in upcoming clinical practice. Both theoretical and applied knowledge and understanding are needed.

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GRAVEN: a database of teaching method that applies gestures to represent the neurosurgical approach's blood vessels and nerves.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In this era of rapid technological development, medical schools have had to use modern technology to enhance traditional teaching. Online teaching was preferred by many medical schools. However due to the complexity of intracranial anatomy, it was challenging for the students to study this part online, and the students were likely to be tired of neurosurgery, which is disadvantageous to the development of neurosurgery. Therefore, we developed this database to help students learn better neuroanatomy.MAIN BODY: The data were sourced from Rhoton's Cranial Anatomy and Surgical Approaches and Neurosurgery Tricks of the Trade in this database. Then we designed many hand gesture figures connected with the atlas of anatomy. Our database was divided into three parts: intracranial arteries, intracranial veins, and neurosurgery approaches. Each section below contains an atlas of anatomy, and gestures represent vessels and nerves. Pictures of hand gestures and atlas of anatomy are available to view on GRAVEN ( www.graven.cn ) without restrictions for all teachers and students. We recruited 50 undergraduate students and randomly divided them into two groups: using traditional teaching methods or GRAVEN database combined with above traditional teaching methods. Results revealed a significant improvement in academic performance in using GRAVEN database combined with traditional teaching methods compared to the traditional teaching methods.CONCLUSION: This database was vital to help students learn about intracranial anatomy and neurosurgical approaches. Gesture teaching can effectively simulate the relationship between human organs and tissues through the flexibility of hands and fingers, improving anatomy interest and education.

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Determinants of nutritional status of children aged 6-59months in the case of Itang special woreda, Gambella, Ethiopia.

Abstract: Nutritional status is one of the most important causes of improper physical and mental development in children. The study attempts to assess the factors affecting the severity status of children aged 6-59months' malnutrition based on the weight-for-age anthropometric index (z-score) and examine between-kebeles-level differences in determinants of the nutritional status of children. A community-based, cross-sectional study design was conducted from October 12 to November 12, 2022. A sample of 397 children aged 6-59months primary data by applying multi-stage clustered sampling technique was used by considering their heterogeneity. The data were entered by SPSS and analyzed by using R version 3.4.0 and STATA 14.2 statistical software package using a multilevel ordinal logistic regression model and inferences were conducted at a 5% significance level. The results show that birth interval≥24months (OR=1.431253, 95% CI 1.221337 1.6763421, P-value=0.008), economic status of households medium (OR=16.21466, 95% CI 1.221403 1.423929, P-value=0.000), economic status of households rich (OR=223.2856, 95% CI 1.34295 2.582325, P-value=0.000), employment status of the mother unemployed (OR=0.2291348, 95% CI 0.0529511 0.9966281, P-value=0.049), No toilet facility (bush field) (OR=0.3163329, 95% CI 0.1825356 0.5481975, P-value=0.000), number of household members (OR=0.9100682, 95% CI 0.8313481 0.9967315, P-value=0.042), breastfeeding<12months (OR=0.53803, 95% CI 0.322315 0.898135, P-value=0.018), educational level of father Primary (OR=4.601687, 95% CI 1.758009 2.22053, P-value=0.000), educational level of father Secondary above (OR=99.65229, 95% CI 2.533502 4.788896, P-value=0.000) and geographical area (kebeles) were found to be important factors that affect a child's nutritional status between 6 and 59months. 15% of the overall variation is attributable to the Kebeles level, according to two-level multilevel ordinal logistic regressions with estimates of the variation attributable to the Kebeles level equal to 0.569 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.15. Due to the nature of the response variable random intercept model with random coefficients fitted the data adequately in predicting the severity status of children aged 6-59months' malnutrition for the multilevel ordinal logistic regression model analysis. So, the researcher recommended that implementing primary health care and nutrition programs that would fit each kebeles' features in Itang Special Woreda to safeguard children from nutritional deficiency.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Cost-effectiveness of restorative treatments for permanent molars with severe molar incisor hypomineralization: perspectives for the Brazilian public health system.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To undertake a cost-effectiveness analysis of restorative treatments for a first permanent molar with severe molar incisor hypomineralization from the perspective of the Brazilian public system.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two models were constructed: a one-year decision tree and a ten-year Markov model, each based on a hypothetical cohort of one thousand individuals through Monte Carlo simulation. Eight restorative strategies were evaluated: high viscosity glass ionomer cement (HVGIC);encapsulated GIC; etch and rinse adhesive+composite; self-etch adhesive+composite;preformed stainless steel crown; HVGIC+etch and rinse adhesive+composite; HVGIC+self-etch adhesive+composite, and encapsulated GIC+etch and rinse adhesive+composite. Effectiveness data were sourced from the literature. Micro-costing was applied using 2022 USD market averages with a 5% variation. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), net monetary benefit (%NMB), and the budgetary impact were obtained.RESULTS: Cost-effective treatments included HVGIC (%NMB=0%/0%), encapsulated GIC (%NMB=19.4%/ 19.7%), and encapsulated GIC+etch and rinse adhesive+composite (%NMB=23.4%/ 24.5%) at 1year and 10years, respectively. The benefit gain of encapsulated GIC+etch and rinse adhesive+composite in relation to encapsulated GIC was small when compared to the cost increase at 1year (gain of 3.28% and increase of USD 24.26) and 10years (gain of 4% and increase of USD 15.54).CONCLUSION: Within the horizon and perspective analyzed, the most cost-effective treatment was encapsulated GIC restoration.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study can provide information for decision-making.

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Transboundary cooperation in Arctic climate change governance under geopolitical tensions.

Abstract: Political conflicts or geopolitical tensions can create uncertainty in addressing climate change and environmental management in the Arctic. Dissecting how actors interact with each other and form networks is important for understanding ecological and environmental management challenges during geopolitical tensions, as well as promoting better governance. We construct transboundary networks for Arctic climate change governance (ACCG) from 2013 to 2021 based on the Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone (GDELT). Further, we used network descriptive statistical analysis and Temporal Exponential Random Graph Models (TERGM) to explore the structure of ACCG networks and the key factors influencing cooperation formation. The findings suggest that the overall cooperation density of the ACCG is low, and the dominant position of core actors is continuously strengthening. Non-state actors are less likely to be seen as partners and their participation depends largely on cooperation with states. The results also show that actors with similar stances and problem exposure are more likely to cooperate, but those exposed to high latitudes often choose not to cooperate; first-comers are more likely to perceive as cooperating yet they are inclined to establish internal cooperation. Additionally, two geographically proximate actors are more likely to cooperate. This indicates that under geopolitical tensions, the ACCG faces challenges not only due to the limited capacity of non-state actors to perform transboundary functions but also because the cooperation mechanisms are influenced by regional political logic. Accordingly, we further suggest policy recommendations from developing binding international frameworks to guide transboundary cooperation, enhancing cooperation among non-state actors, and ensuring the representativeness and fairness of non-Arctic actors' participation. This research provides insights into transboundary environmental management under political tensions, while also offering new pathways for analysing large-scale environmental governance structures.

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The effect of simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound on students' learning outcomes and satisfaction in echocardiography education: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Effective teaching methods are needed to improve students' abilities in hand-eye coordination and understanding of cardiac anatomy in echocardiography education. Simulation devices have emerged as innovative teaching tools and exhibited distinctive advantages due to their ability to provide vivid and visual learning experiences. This study aimed to investigate the effect of simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound on students' learning outcomes and satisfaction in echocardiography education.METHODS: The study included 18 first-year clinical medical students with no prior echocardiography training. After randomization, they underwent a pre-test to assess basic knowledge. Following this, the students were divided into two groups: traditional teaching (traditional group) and simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound (digital group). Each group received 60min of instruction. Post-tests were assigned to students at two different time points: immediately after the lecture, and one week later (referred to as post-tests 1, and 2). In addition, anonymous questionnaires were distributed to students after class to investigate their satisfaction with teaching.RESULTS: Both groups showed significant improvement in their scores on post-test 1 compared to pre-test (traditional group: from 33.1±8.8 to 48.1±13.1, P=0.034 vs. digital group: from 35.0±6.7 to 58.0±13.2, P=0.008). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in several post-test comparisons. Student satisfaction ratings revealed that the digital group experienced significantly greater satisfaction in areas such as subject interest, teaching style, course alignment, and interaction compared to the traditional group. Additionally, 80% of the digital group strongly endorsed the use of simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound for echocardiography teaching, highlighting its effectiveness.CONCLUSIONS: Simulation of sectional human anatomy using ultrasound may improve students' understanding of echocardiography and satisfaction with the course. Our study provides evidence supporting the use of simulation teaching devices in medical education. Further research is needed to explore the long-term impact of this teaching method on students' learning outcomes and its integration into the medical curriculum.TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.chictr.org.cn (registration number: ChiCTR2300074015, 27/07/2023).

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A multilingual analysis of pro Russian misinformation on Twitter during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Abstract: The Russian government has long since engaged in an information campaign of propaganda and disinformation as a major part of foreign policy. This has been taken to new heights since the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. In this study, we investigate pro-Russian misinformation within the opening weeks of the invasion in 6 languages: English, Japanese, Spanish, French, German, and Korean. Using Twitter data, we apply a combination of network and language embedding models to identify popular topics of misinformation amongst users in each language. Despite English users forming the most dominant language base on Twitter, we find that the popularity of misinformation in Japanese regularly outstrips English for certain topics. Misinformation shared by Spanish users is also over-represented in proportion to its much smaller user base. Our results provide insight into the current state of misinformation in each language. While we discuss some of the possible drivers behind the factors such as language over-representation, our study also highlights the need for further cross-lingual misinformation research in order to better understand this phenomena in a truly global context.

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Proactive policing and traffic disturbances: A quasi-experiment in three Israeli cities

Abstract: This paper describes a quasi-experimental evaluation of a reform in Israel ('EMUN'), which attempted to institutionalize problem-oriented policing on a national scale. The current study examines the effect of this reform on tackling traffic disturbance and road bullying offences. We compared three police stations that chose to deal with traffic offences using the tools and techniques provided through the reform (treatment stations) with five police stations that were matched - using a specially designed algorithm - on several criteria, including similar trends of traffic offences (comparison stations). Each treatment station was compared to two comparison stations using a difference-in-differences approach. In five out of six comparisons there were large and significant reductions in documented traffic disturbances in the targeted areas of the treatment stations compared to the control stations. We also found evidence of significant diffusions in crime control benefits in two of the treatment stations. However, there was evidence of significant geographical displacement to the buffer zone in the largest treatment stations. We attribute this to differences in the nature of the areas targeted and discuss the relative harms and benefits. The findings of the study show that institutionalizing a variety of evidence-based policing strategies has a promise not only for classic crimes (such as property and violence), but also for incivilities and quality-of-life offenses.

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Infants' reorienting efficiency depends on parental autistic traits and predicts future socio-communicative behaviors.

Abstract: Attentional reorienting is dysfunctional not only in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but also in infants who will develop ASD, thus constituting a potential causal factor of future social interaction and communication abilities. Following the research domain criteria framework, we hypothesized that the presence of subclinical autistic traits in parents should lead to atypical infants' attentional reorienting, which in turn should impact on their future socio-communication behavior in toddlerhood. During an attentional cueing task, we measured the saccadic latencies in a large sample (total enrolled n=89; final sample n=71) of 8-month-old infants from the general population as a proxy for their stimulus-driven attention. Infants were grouped in a high parental traits (HPT; n=23) or in a low parental traits (LPT; n=48) group, according to the degree of autistic traits self-reported by their parents. Infants (n=33) were then longitudinally followed to test their socio-communicative behaviors at 21months. Results show a sluggish reorienting system, which was a longitudinal predictor of future socio-communicative skills at 21months. Our combined transgenerational and longitudinal findings suggest that the early functionality of the stimulus-driven attentional network-redirecting attention from one event to another-could be directly connected to future social and communication development.

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Entrustable Professional Activities in Surgery

Abstract: Importance Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) compose a competency-based education (CBE) assessment framework that has been increasingly adopted across medical specialties as a workplace-based assessment tool. EPAs focus on directly observed behaviors to determine the level of entrustment a trainee has for a given activity of that specialty. In this narrative review, we highlight the rationale for EPAs in general surgery, describe current evidence supporting their use, and outline some of the practical considerations for EPAs among residency programs, faculty, and trainees. Observations An expanding evidence base for EPAs in general surgery has provided moderate validity evidence for their use as well as practical recommendations for implementation across residency programs. Challenges to EPA use include garnering buy-in from individual faculty and residents to complete EPA microassessments and engage in timely, specific feedback after a case or clinical encounter. When successfully integrated into a program's workflow, EPAs can provide a more accurate picture of residents' competence for a fundamental surgical task or activity compared with other assessment methods. Conclusions and Relevance EPAs represent the next significant shift in the evaluation of general surgery residents as part of the overarching progression toward CBE among all US residency programs. While pragmatic challenges to the implementation of EPAs remain, the best practices from EPA and other CBE assessment literature summarized in this review may assist individuals and programs in implementing EPAs. As EPAs become more widely used in general surgery resident training, further analysis of barriers and facilitators to successful and sustainable EPA implementation will be needed to continue to optimize and advance this new assessment framework.

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Thickness Estimation of the Soil-Sedimentary Cover Inside Causewayed Enclosures to Locate an Occupation Layer: Map of the Archaeological Potential of the Neolithic Causewayed Enclosure of Le Pontet

Abstract: The western centre of France is one of the richest regions of Western Europe in terms of causewayed enclosures from the Neolithic period. To date, more than 300 such sites have been identified. Most causewayed enclosures in the region range in size from some hectares to over 10 ha. Exhaustive excavation of such sites is rarely performed because such operations are both financially expensive and time intensive. Completing an exhaustive excavation of these sites is also extremely complicated due to their complexity. Recording the most complete possible site plan is a major challenge for optimizing excavation. Traditionally, aerial photography has been the primary method used for delineating causewayed enclosure plans. A magnetic survey can also provide complementary information. Magnetic imaging reveals both enclosure ditches and internal features (pits, postholes, etc.) quickly and with high spatial resolution. At some sites, occupation layers dating from the time of enclosure may be preserved and contain archaeological artefacts or small features in situ. This article proposes a protocol for locating a Neolithic occupation layer inside a Neolithic causewayed enclosure. To locate the areas where this layer is likely to be present, a map of the archaeological potential of the Le Pontet site was produced based on a thickness map of the soil-sedimentary cover. This map was created by combining an apparent electrical resistivity map, the results of electrical resistivity tomography, an orthophotograph with contrasting cropmarks and the results of dynamic cone penetration tests. To validate the archaeological potential map, an excavation campaign was conducted in 2020 to investigate several sectors; the aim was to prove the presence of the occupation layer and study the pedo-sedimentary stratigraphy of the site.

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A critical evaluation of the role of a geothermal system in lithium enrichment of brines in the salt flats: A case study from Laguna Verde in the Atacama Region of Chile

Abstract: The association between geothermal fluids and lithium -rich brines in salt flats has been evaluated in a unique natural laboratory in the Chilean Andes. The area encompasses Laguna Verde (LV), a hypersaline lake, and a salt flat (salar) within a closed basin surrounded by volcanoes. The predominant lithology consists of andesitic-dacitic rocks, with limited occurrences of rhyolitic rocks. The LV geothermal system exhibits surface manifestations, including over 20 hot springs reaching 47 C-degrees along the lake's southern margin. The upflow zone is represented by the fumarolic field in the Nevado Ojos del Salado volcano, 25 km southwest of LV. Lithium concentrations range from 2.76 to 4.46 mg/L in thermal water and 0.59 to 0.76 mg/L in the Penas Blancas river water, which feeds into LV after passing through a volcanic environment rich in lithium -bearing rocks. However, the thermal waters contribute over six times more lithium than non -thermal waters, highlighting their significance in releasing and transporting lithium from the source rocks to its eventual accumulation in LV. This natural laboratory at LV provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate the association between geothermal fluids and lithium -rich brines, offering valuable insights into the processes involved in lithium enrichment in similar geological and climatic conditions in other geographic areas.

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Psychoactive and other ceremonial plants from a 2,000-year-old Maya ritual deposit at Yaxnohcah, Mexico

Abstract: For millennia, healing and psychoactive plants have been part of the medicinal and ceremonial fabric of elaborate rituals and everyday religious practices throughout Mesoamerica. Despite the essential nature of these ritual practices to the societal framework of past cultures, a clear understanding of the ceremonial life of the ancient Maya remains stubbornly elusive. Here we record the discovery of a special ritual deposit, likely wrapped in a bundle, located beneath the end field of a Late Preclassic ballcourt in the Helena complex of the Maya city of Yaxnohcah. This discovery was made possible by the application of environmental DNA technology. Plants identified through this analytical process included Ipomoea corymbosa (xtabentun in Mayan), Capsicum sp. (chili pepper or ic in Mayan), Hampea trilobata (jool), and Oxandra lanceolata (chilcahuite). All four plants have recognized medicinal properties. Two of the plants, jool and chilcahuite, are involved in artifact manufacture that have ceremonial connections while chili peppers and xtabentun have been associated with divination rituals. Xtabentun (known to the Aztecs as ololiuhqui) produces highly efficacious hallucinogenic compounds and is reported here from Maya archaeological contexts for the first time.

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Analytical model of eddy current bobbin coil probe responses at support plates in steam generator and heat exchanger tubes

Abstract: The steam generators (SGs) of CANadian Deuterium Uranium nuclear reactors require periodic inspections to ensure their safe operation. Eddy current (EC) testing is the primary method by which the SG tubes are inspected. Many conditions in the SG tubes affect the EC response, such as fretting, pitting, cracking, as well as tube expansion, and the presence of tubesheet and support structures. When two or more of these parameters overlap, the EC signals from degradation induced wall losses are frequently difficult to interpret because these wall loss signals are often distorted due to interference with background signal variations. In this paper, a novel analytical model that describes the impedance of a bobbin coil with a plate encircling an arbitrary number of cylindrical conductors is developed. The model is validated against finite element method modelling and experiment. This model can be used to simulate the main probe response, while inspecting SG tubes near the tubesheet and support structures and thereby, provides the potential to separate out smaller flaw responses.

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Ecotoxicity and trophic transfer of metallic nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems.

Abstract: Metallic nanomaterials (MNMs) possess unique properties that have led to their widespread application in fields such as electronics and medicine. However, concerns about their interactions with environmental factors and potential toxicity to aquatic life have emerged. There is growing evidence suggesting MNMs can have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems, and are potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain, posing risks to higher trophic levels and potentially humans. While many studies have focused on the general ecotoxicity of MNMs, fewer have delved into their trophic transfer within aquatic food chains. This review highlights the ecotoxicological effects of MNMs on aquatic systems via waterborne exposure or dietary exposure, emphasizing their accumulation and transformation across the food web. Biomagnification factor (BMF), the ratio of the contaminant concentration in predator to that in prey, was used to evaluate the biomagnification due to the complex nature of aquatic food chains. However, most current studies have BMF values of less than 1 indicating no biomagnification. Factors influencing MNM toxicity in aquatic environments include nanomaterial properties, ion variations, light, dissolved oxygen, and pH. The multifaceted interactions of these variables with MNM toxicity remain to be fully elucidated. We conclude with recommendations for future research directions to mitigate the adverse effects of MNMs in aquatic ecosystems and advocate for a cautious approach to the production and application of MNMs.

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Novel insights into the synergetic degradation of pyrene by microbial communities from mangroves in China.

Abstract: Pyrene is a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (HMW-PAHs). It is a ubiquitous, persistent, and carcinogenic environmental contaminant that has raised concern worldwide. This research explored synergistic bacterial communities for efficient pyrene degradation in seven typical Southern China mangroves. The bacterial communities of seven typical mangroves were enriched by pyrene, and enriched bacterial communities showed an excellent pyrene degradation capacity of >95% (except for HK mangrove and ZJ mangrove). Devosia, Hyphomicrobium, Flavobacterium, Marinobacter, Algoriphahus, and Youhaiella all have significant positive correlations with pyrene (R>0, p<0.05) by 16SrRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics analysis, indicated that these genera play a vital role in pyrene metabolism. Meanwhile, the functional genes were involved in pyrene degradation that was enriched in the bacterial communities, including the genes of nagAa, ndoR, pcaG, etc. Furthermore, the analyses of functional genes and binning genomes demonstrated that some bacterial communities as a unique teamwork to cooperatively participate in pyrene degradation. Interestingly, the genes related to biogeochemical cycles were enriched, such as narG , soxA, and cyxJ, suggested that bacterial communities were also helpful in maintaining the stability of the ecological environment. In addition, some novel species with pyrene-degradation potential were identified in the pyrene-degrading bacterial communities, which can enrich the resource pool of pyrene-degrading strains. Overall, this study will help develop further research strategies for pollutant removal.

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Dispossessions in Bolsonaro's Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic

Abstract: In 2020-2021 Brazil simultaneously experienced the far -right presidency of Jair Bolsonaro and the world's largest health crisis in a century. The Covid-19 pandemic struck the country deeply, killing about 690 thousand people by late 2022. They were also years of increased pressure by capital on peasants and indigenous people, targets of the violence with which capital, ever since its dawn, has wielded to advance over spaces that serve the subsistence of immediate producers. In this period, the Brazilian state continued to comply with decades-old demands from neoliberal ideology for privatizations and the dismantling of protections for workers and the poor in general. These phenomena, when articulated by theory inspired by the Marxian concept of primitive accumulation, suggest that the Bolsonaro administration and its class allies used the pandemic as a political opportunity for dispossessing policies. The article discusses this based on concepts that distinguish dispossessions that serve capital expansion from those that do not. The first group includes processes that lead to proletarianization of immediate producers in addition to the capitalization or commodification of hitherto means of subsistence. Among dispossessions that do not expand capital are those that involve the simple redistribution of surpluses or means of production. The paper contributes to the literature on dispossession by analyzing concrete manifestations of it, drawing on a conceptual framework that distinguishes dispossession types that have been conflated in much current research.

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Increased Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease in Ideal Weight Adults With History of Overweight/Obesity in China: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity represent critical modifiable determinants in the prevention of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). However, the long-term impact of prior overweight/obesity on the risk of CMD in later life remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between longitudinal transition of body mass index (BMI) status and incident CMD.METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective cohort study included 57493 CMD-free Chinese adults from the Kailuan Study. BMI change patterns were categorized according to the BMI measurements obtained during the 2006 and 2012 surveys. The primary end point was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the associations of transitions in BMI with overall CMD events and subtypes, with covariates selected on the basis of the directed acyclic graph. During a median follow-up of 7.62years, 8412 participants developed CMD. After considering potential confounders, weight gain pattern (hazard ratio [HR], 1.34 [95% CI, 1.23-1.46]), stable overweight/obesity (HR, 2.12 [95% CI, 2.00-2.24]), and past overweight/obesity (HR, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.59-1.89]) were associated with the incidence of CMD. Similar results were observed in cardiometabolic multimorbidity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, triglyceride and systolic blood pressure explained 8.05% (95% CI, 5.87-10.22) and 12.10% (95% CI, 9.19-15.02) of the association between past overweight/obesity and incident CMD, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: A history of overweight/obesity was associated with an increased risk of CMD, even in the absence of current BMI abnormalities. These findings emphasize the necessity for future public health guidelines to include preventive interventions for CMD in individuals with past overweight/obesity.

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Reconstruction of an enigmatic Pennsylvanian cone reveals a relationship to Sphenophyllales

Abstract: PremiseWe studied the 3D morphology of a small, well-preserved cone from the Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek Lagerst & auml;tte to characterize its structure and determine its systematic affinity. Previously tentatively assigned to the enigmatic Tetraphyllostrobus, we show that it differs in key respects from that genus as described.MethodsWe systematically compared the new fossil with relevant Paleozoic cone genera and employed advanced imaging techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, Airyscan confocal super-resolution microscopy, optical microscopy, and X-ray microcomputed tomography to visualize and reconstruct the fossil cone in 3D.ResultsThe analyses demonstrate unequivocally that the sporophylls of the new Mazon Creek cone are arranged in whorls of six and have characters typical of Sphenophyllales, including epidermal cells with undulatory margins and in situ spores assignable to Columinisporites. The combination of characters, including sporophyll arrangement, anatomy, and spore type, supports the establishment of Hexaphyllostrobus kostorhysii gen. et sp. nov. within Sphenophyllales. Furthermore, we show that Tetraphyllostrobus, although originally described as possessing smooth monolete spores, actually possesses Columinisporites-type spores, indicating that it, too, was most likely a sphenophyll.ConclusionsThe recognition of Hexaphyllostrobus contributes to our knowledge of Pennsylvanian sphenophyll diversity, and in particular increases the number of species with in situ Columinisporites-type spores. Attribution of Hexaphyllostrobus to Sphenophyllales calls into question current interpretations of Tetraphyllostrobus suggesting that future research on better-preserved macrofossil material may demonstrate a sphenophyllalean relationship.

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Barriers to implementing problem-based learning at the school of medicine of Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Implementing PBL in teaching and learning can be challenging due to a variety of complex barriers. Studies on barriers to the implementation of problem-based learning in Ethiopia are scarce. This study aimed to explore the barriers to the implementation of problem-based learning at the Debre Berhan University Medical School.METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted among faculty and medical students at the medical school. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with tutors and academic leaders, including the problem-based learning coordinator, the biomedical sciences coordinator, and the school dean. Data was also collected from students through focus group discussions. All interviews and discussions were recorded. The four steps of data analysis of Spradley, including domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and theme analysis, were employed.RESULTS: The study identified student-related, tutor-related, case scenario-related, and assessment-related barriers as the most significant obstacles to implementing problem-based learning. These barriers included work overload for both students and tutors, lack of training and experience among tutors, student reluctance, absence of standardized case scenarios, subjectivity of assessment methods, and on-the-spot assessment of students.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Lack of both tutor and student commitment, lack of standardized cases, absence of a recognition of staff input, gap in communication skills, work overload, lack of continuous training, and at-spot evaluation of students were identified as the main barriers to the implementation of PBL.

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Benchmarking the university campus food environment and exploring student perspectives about food insecurity and healthy eating: a case study from Australia.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To benchmark the university food environment and explore students' experiences with food insecurity and healthy eating in order to inform interventions to improve access and affordability of healthy foods for university students.DESIGN: A food environment audit was conducted on the university campus using the Uni-Food tool from April to May 2022 and was comprised of three main components, university systems and governance, campus facilities and environment, and food retail outlets. A qualitative study design was also used to conduct focus groups and semi-structured interviews with students to explore key themes regarding their experiences with food insecurity and healthy eating.SETTING: Macquarie University, Australia.PARTICIPANTS: For the food environment audit 24 retail outlets on campus and for the qualitative component 29 domestic and international students enrolled at Macquarie University.RESULTS: The university only scored 27% in total for all components in the food environment audit. The results showed the need for better governance and leadership of the food environment. The qualitative component suggested that the main barriers to accessing healthy foods were related to availability, pricing, and knowledge of healthy foods. Future intervention ideas included free fruits and vegetables, food relief, discounts, improved self-catering facilities, education, and increased healthy food outlets.CONCLUSIONS: Improving governance measures related to healthy eating on campus are a core priority to strengthen the food environment and students identified pricing and availability as key issues. These findings will inform effective and feasible interventions to improve food security and healthy eating on campus.

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Moderate Aortic Valve Stenosis Is Associated With Increased Mortality Rate and Lifetime Loss: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Reconstructed Time-to-Event Data of 409680 Patients.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The mortality risk attributable to moderate aortic stenosis (AS) remains incompletely characterized and has historically been underestimated. We aim to evaluate the association between moderate AS and all-cause death, comparing it with no/mild AS (in a general referral population and in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction).METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic review and pooled meta-analysis of Kaplan-Meier-derived reconstructed time-to-event data of studies published by June 2023 was conducted to evaluate survival outcomes among patients with moderate AS in comparison with individuals with no/mild AS. Ten studies were included, encompassing a total of 409680 patients (11527 with moderate AS and 398153 with no/mild AS). In the overall population, the 15-year overall survival rate was 23.3% (95% CI, 19.1%-28.3%) in patients with moderate AS and 58.9% (95% CI, 58.1%-59.7%) in patients with no/mild aortic stenosis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.55 [95% CI, 2.46-2.64]; P<0.001). In patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, the 10-year overall survival rate was 15.5% (95% CI, 10.0%-24.0%) in patients with moderate AS and 37.3% (95% CI, 36.2%-38.5%) in patients with no/mild AS (HR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.69-2.0]; P<0.001). In both populations (overall and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction), these differences correspond to significant lifetime loss associated with moderate AS during follow-up (4.4years, P<0.001; and 1.9years, P<0.001, respectively). A consistent pattern of elevated mortality rate associated with moderate AS in sensitivity analyses of matched studies was observed.CONCLUSIONS: Moderate AS was associated with higher risk of death and lifetime loss compared with patients with no/mild AS.

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Management scholars' perception of barriers and bridges to use crowdsourcing in science: qualitative research

Abstract: Crowdsourcing in science is one of the ways of conducting scientific research which responses to the postulates of the democratization, openness, and inclusiveness of science. Although much is known about crowdsourcing in science, less attention is paid to the barriers to the use of crowdsourcing in science and how to overcome them. The purpose of this research is to identify barriers to the use of crowdsourcing in science from the perspective of scholars across management who have little or no experience in organizing crowdsourcing in science initiatives. At the same time, we identify bridges that reduce those barriers. We collected the data using unstructured interviews with 40 junior and senior management scholars who represent different academic ranks. We identified sixteen barriers grouped into six categories: individual, data, knowledge, delegation, quality, and financial barriers. Barriers refer to lack of trust in the crowd, scholars' reluctance to be open to new things, methodological preferences, concerns about data being shared, data theft, insufficient knowledge of scholars, insufficient crowd knowledge, difficulties in communications, the discomfort of delegating tasks to the crowd, the possibility of the crowd abandoning the tasks, additional work resulting from the need to control and verify the crowd's work, a potential violation of methodological rigor, the feeling of wasting time, concerns about fees for crowdsourcing in science and the employee evaluation system. We also identified the following two bridges that help eliminate barriers and fosters the use of crowdsourcing in science: autonomy of scholars and university support.

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A structural model of EFL teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation, and competence for online teaching.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a rapid shift to online teaching, placing unprecedented demands on educators' physical and mental well-being. However, the relationship between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation, and competence for online teaching remains underexplored.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the interplay between EFL teachers' physical activity, emotion regulation strategies, and competence for online teaching.RESULTS: Structural equation modeling revealed significant direct and indirect effects, indicating that physical activity positively influences emotion regulation, which, in turn, enhances teachers' competence for online instruction. Furthermore, emotion regulation was found to mediate the relationship between physical activity and online teaching competence.CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of promoting physical activity among EFL teachers as a means to enhance their emotion regulation skills and competence for online teaching, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.IMPLICATIONS: The study highlights the need for targeted interventions aimed at supporting EFL teachers' well-being and professional development, with implications for educational policies, teacher training programs, and institutional support structures in the digital learning landscape.

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Impact of severe acute kidney injury on short-term mortality in urosepsis.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) on short-term mortality in patients with urosepsis.METHODS: This prospective cohort study evaluated 207 patients with urosepsis. AKI was diagnosed in accordance with the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria, and severe AKI was defined as stage 2 or 3 AKI. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who developed severe AKI (severe AKI group) and patients who did not (control group). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality within 30days. The secondary endpoints were 90-day mortality and in-hospital mortality. The exploratory outcomes were the risk factors for severe AKI development.RESULTS: The median patient age was 79years. Of the 207 patients, 56 (27%) developed severe AKI. The 30-day mortality rate in the severe AKI group was significantly higher than that in the control group (20% vs. 2.0%, respectively; P<0.001). In the multivariable analysis, performance status and severe AKI were significantly associated with 30-day mortality. The in-hospital mortality and 90-day mortality rates in the severe AKI group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). In the multivariable analysis, age, urolithiasis-related sepsis, lactate values, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were significantly associated with severe AKI development.CONCLUSIONS: Severe AKI was a common complication in patients with urosepsis and contributed to high short-term mortality rates.

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Evaluating postoperative hernia incidence and risk factors following pelvic exenteration.

Abstract: Pelvic exenteration (PE) is a technically challenging surgical procedure. More recently, quality of life and survivorship following PEs are being increasingly acknowledged as important patient outcomes. This includes evaluating major long-term complications such as hernias, defined as the protrusion of internal organs through a facial defect (The PelvEx Collaborative in Br J Surg109:1251-1263, 2022), for which there is currently limited literature. The aim of this paper is to ascertain the incidence and risk factors for postoperative hernia formation among our PE cohort managed at a quaternary centre.METHOD: A retrospective cohort study examining hernia formation following PE for locally advanced rectal carcinoma and locally recurrent rectal carcinoma between June 2010 and August 2022 at a quaternary cancer centre was performed. Baseline data evaluating patient characteristics, surgical techniques and outcomes was collated among a PE cohort of 243 patients. Postoperative hernia incidence was evaluated via independent radiological screening and clinical examination.RESULTS: A total of 79 patients (32.5%) were identified as having developed a hernia. Expectantly, those undergoing flap reconstruction had a lower incidence of postoperative hernias. Of the 79 patients who developed postoperative hernias, 16.5% reported symptoms with the most common symptom reported being pain. Reintervention was required in 18 patients (23%), all of which were operative.CONCLUSION: This study found over one-third of PE patients developed a hernia postoperatively. This paper highlights the importance of careful perioperative planning and optimization of patients to minimize morbidity.

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When describing harms and benefits to potential trial participants, participant information leaflets are inadequate.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Providing informed consent for trials requires providing trial participantswith comprehensive information about the trial, including information about potential risks and benefits. It is required by the ethical principle of respecting patient autonomy. Our study examines the variation in the way information about potential trial benefits and harms is shared in participant information leaflets (PILs).METHODS: A total of 214 PILs and informed consent forms from clinical trials units (CTUs) and Clinical Research Facilities (CRFs) in Ireland and the UK were assessed by two authors independently,to check the extent to which they adhered to seven recently developed principles. Discrepancies were resolved by a third.RESULTS: Usage of the seven principles varied widely between PILs regardless of the intended recipient or trial type. None of the PILs used more than four principles, and some (4%) used none. Twenty-seven per cent of PILs presented information about all known potential harms, whereas 45% presented information on allknown potential benefits. Some PILs did not provide any potential harms or potential benefits (8%). There was variation in the information contained in adult and children PILs and across disease areas.CONCLUSION: Significant variation exists in how potential trial benefits and harms are described to potential trial participants in PILs in our sample. Usage of the seven principles of good practice will promote consistency, ensure informed ethical decision-making and invoke trust and transparency. In the long term, a standardised PIL template is needed.

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Ancient bread recipes: Archaeometric data on charred findings

Abstract: This study examines charred bread-like samples found in several archaeological sites across northern Italy and dating from the Early Bronze Age to the Early Middle Ages, some of which are included amongst the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The aim is to investigate differences and homogeneities in bread production processes in different eras and cultures. Bread was a staple food in many ancient societies, but has rarely been found amongst the materials that survive in archaeological sites. When it is found, it is usually because the bread was charred by accidental combustion (falling into the oven during baking) or deliberate combustion (for ritual purposes). The literature on the issue is not abundant, but has been growing over the past decade. There is, therefore, room to propose new study methodologies at this time. We studied eight samples of charred bread-like products and we used optical and scanning electron microscopy to identify plant tissue remains attributable to cereal caryopses, partly modified by breadmaking processes. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and, for the first time, infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode (FTIR-ATR) were also used to investigate the composition and preparation methods of the different types of bread-like products. In particular, FTIR-ATR analysis can give indications about the presence of starch, gluten and lignin in the sample under investigation and it can, therefore, be used as a screening to guide subsequent SEM analysis in the search for specific cereal residues in the dough. In some cases, the different techniques used also revealed the presence of minerals such as silicates and carbonates, probably due to grinding residues or poor sample cleaning. During SEM observations, phytoliths, diatoms and framboids were also found in some of the samples. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR).

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Different policies constrained agricultural non-point pollutants emission trading management for water system under interval, fuzzy, and stochastic information

Abstract: Formulating suitable policies is essential for resources and environmental management. In this study, an agricultural pollutants emission trading management model driven by water resources and pollutants control is developed to search reasonable policies for agricultural water resources allocation under multiple uncertainties. Random-fuzzy and interval information in water resources system that have directly impact on the effectiveness of management schemes is reflected through interval two-stage stochastic fuzzy-probability programming. The model was root from regional agricultural water resources system in Jining City, China under considering the relationship among effective precipitation, crop water demand, and pollutants emission. Two types policies (water consumption-control and pollutants emission-control) are designed for searching the related interaction on water resources management and water quality improvement. The results indicated that water resources policies would be of water and environmental double benefits, and a large rainfall would reduce irrigation amount from water sources and lead to a larger pollutants emission trading. The results will help for defining scientific and effective water resources protection and management policies and analyzing the related interacted effects on water consumption, pollutants control and system benefit.

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Permanent areas and changes in forests, grasslands, and wetlands in the North European Plain since the eighteenth century-a case study of the Koscian Plain in Poland.

Abstract: This study investigates the intricate and enduring interplay of historical events, human activities, and natural processes shaping the landscape of North European Plain in western Poland over 230years. Topographic maps serve as reliable historical data sources to quantify changes in forest, grassland, and wetland areas, scrutinizing their fragmentation and persistence. The primary objectives are to identify the permanent areas of the landscape and propose a universal cartographic visualization method for effectively mapping these changes. Using topographic maps and historical data, this research quantifies land cover changes, especially in forest, grassland, and wetland areas. With the help of retrogressive method we process raster historical data into vector-based information. Over time, wetlands experienced a substantial reduction, particularly in 1960-1982, attributed to both land reclamation and environmental factors. Grassland areas fluctuated, influenced by wetland and drier habitat dynamics. Fragmentation in grassland areas poses biodiversity and ecosystem health concerns, whereas forested areas showed limited fluctuations, with wetland forests nearly disappearing. These findings highlight wetland ecosystems' sensitivity to human impacts and emphasize the need to balance conservation and sustainable development to preserve ecological integrity. This study advances landscape dynamics understanding, providing insights into historical, demographic, economic, and environmental transformations. It underscores the imperative for sustainable land management and conservation efforts to mitigate human impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity in the North European Plain.

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Being elite among Goths: multi-proxy analysis of a Roman period cremation princely grave from Czarnówko (Pomerania, North Poland)

Abstract: Interactions with the Roman Empire presumably enhanced social differentiation and caused the emergence of an elite class among Gothic communities in present-day northern Poland (Pomerania) in the first centuries AD. Arguably, the process is documented archaeologically by the presence of exceptional burials, richly furnished with imported artefacts. Such features were discovered at the Wielbark culture cemetery in Czarnowko, however, due to poor preservation neither their infills nor the interred human remains have previously been fully examined. We studied (by means of osteological, Sr isotope, anthracological and soil analyses) a newly-found, well-preserved cremation grave in order to assess (1) the biological profile, geographical origin and mobility of the buried individual, (2) details of the multi-stage funerary practice, and (3) the formation of the grave-pit infill. Most probably, the grave belonged to a senilis woman who was born and spent her final years in Pomerania, seemingly living in good health. Except for outstanding grave goods, her funeral reassembled other Wielbark culture cremation interments: the body was burned shortly after death on a birch-wood pyre, together with single artefacts, at high temperatures, with good oxygen supply, until the calcination of bones. The burned remains were separated from the pyre debris and randomly deposited in the urn. The vessel was placed at the bottom of a pit and covered with sand containing charcoals. Subsequently, the grave was re-opened and backfilled once again. This singular cremation burial reflects the idea of eliteness in the local Gothic community - Roman-influenced but rooted in Wielbark culture traditions. However, to address the issue of social stratification comprehensively, similar research focused on graves of common people is required.

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Reawakening of Indigenous matriarchal systems: A feminist approach to organizational leadership.

Abstract: Leadership models that uphold feminist qualities of mutuality, collaboration, and distribution of power can foster organizational and community success. Utilizing a systems perspective grounded in land-based analogies can assist with understanding the diversity and strength that come from entire ecosystems around wicked social issues. While Indigenous leadership models have supported such perspectives since time immemorial, current and ongoing acts of colonialism driven by patriarchal systems and violent gender-based policies and procedures have eroded matriarchal leadership models that sustained what is now known as Canada for generations. Reflections of two evolving Indigenous women in leadership note the opportunities to reawaken matriarchal values in organizational and community leadership as a powerful act of reconciliation.

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Managing Disruption: A Case Study of Boundary Work Around Alcohol Industry-Sponsored Scientific Interventions.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Following recent work examining alcohol industry involvements in science, this is a case study that examines the ways in which the alcohol research community engages in boundary work--in which scientists define and defend the demarcation between their community of knowledge makers and others, justifying their claim to legitimacy and authority--in response to alcohol industry-sponsored interventions. The case here involves an economist who disputes the research consensus positions and policy recommendations of the field, having been funded by the key global alcohol industry political organization.METHOD: We examine the functional statements of both sides of this issue to show the ways in which the scientific and policy consensus of the field is disputed. Three examples of the responses of the alcohol research community, presenting different types of responses, are interrogated.RESULTS: In late career and retirement, this economist published extensively in alcohol and health economics journals within the peer-reviewed literature on two key topics in alcohol policy: pricing/taxation measures and advertising restrictions. These commentaries, reviews, and correspondence propose alternative policies favored by the alcohol industry, which are at odds with the alcohol public health evidence base. The three examples examined of boundary work performed by alcohol public health researchers illustrate the variety of ways in which the legitimacy of these interventions has been questioned: on technical grounds, on explicitly normative grounds, and as a body of work as a whole.CONCLUSIONS: Interventions in the scientific literature create important resources for alcohol industry actors to oppose alcohol policy measures globally. The alcohol research field may benefit from discussion about how to respond to these kinds of interventions.

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The impact of devolution on local health systems: Evidence from Greater Manchester, England.

Abstract: Devolution and decentralisation policies involving health and other government sectors have been promoted with a view to improve efficiency and equity in local service provision. Evaluations of these reforms have focused on specific health or care measures, but little is known about their full impact on local health systems. We evaluated the impact of devolution in Greater Manchester (England) on multiple outcomes using a whole system approach. We estimated the impact of devolution until February 2020 on 98 measures of health system performance, using the generalised synthetic control method and adjusting for multiple hypothesis testing. We selected measures from existing monitoring frameworks to populate the WHO Health System Performance Assessment framework. The included measures captured information on health system functions, intermediatory objectives, final goals, and social determinants of health. We identified which indicators were targeted in response to devolution from an analysis of 170 health policy intervention documents. Life expectancy (0.233 years, S.E. 0.012) and healthy life expectancy (0.603 years, S.E. 0.391) increased more in GM than in the estimated synthetic control group following devolution. These increases were driven by improvements in public health, primary care, hospital, and adult social care services as well as factors associated with social determinants of health, including a reduction in alcohol-related admissions (-110.1 admission per 100,000, S.E. 9.07). In contrast, the impact on outpatient, mental health, maternity, and dental services was mixed. Devolution was associated with improved population health, driven by improvements in health services and wider social determinants of health. These changes occurred despite limited devolved powers over health service resources suggesting that other mechanisms played an important role, including the allocation of sustainability and transformation funding and the alignment of decision-making across health, social care, and wider public services in the region.

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The two sides of hotel green practices in customer experience: an integrated approach of the Kano model and business analytics

Abstract: Sustainability has become a prominent goal in tourism and hospitality. While green practices can benefit the environment and society, they can also lead to customer dissatisfaction. Therefore, the current study aims to identify different hotel green practices and examine their impact on customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction. This study uses a mixed method of business analytics and regression analysis on a dataset of 813,791 online reviews of 450 hotels in New York City derived from TripAdvisor.com. The research findings guide hotel operators to build strategies for green practices while reducing customers' discomfort and improving the overall customer experience.

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A comparative ethical analysis of the Egyptian clinical research law.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study, we examined the ethical implications of Egypt's new clinical trial law, employing the ethical framework proposed by Emanuel et al. and comparing it to various national and supranational laws. This analysis is crucial as Egypt, considered a high-growth pharmaceutical market, has become an attractive location for clinical trials, offering insights into the ethical implementation of bioethical regulations in a large population country with a robust healthcare infrastructure and predominantly treatment-naive patients.METHODS: We conducted a comparative analysis of Egyptian law with regulations from Sweden and France, including the EU Clinical Trials Regulation, considering ethical human subject research criteria, and used a directed approach to qualitative content analysis to examine the laws and regulations. This study involved extensive peer scrutiny, frequent debriefing sessions, and collaboration with legal experts with relevant international legal expertise to ensure rigorous analysis and interpretation of the laws.RESULTS: On the rating of the seven different principles (social and scientific values, scientific validity, fair selection of participants, risk-benefit ratio, independent review, informed consent and respect for participants) Egypt, France, and EU regulations had comparable scores. Specific principles (Social Value, Scientific Value, and Fair selection of participants) were challenging to directly identify due to certain regulations embodying 'implicit' principles more than explicitly stated ones.CONCLUSION: The analysis underscores Egypt's alignment with internationally recognized ethical principles, as outlined by Emanuel et al., through its comparison with French, Swedish, and EU regulations, emphasizing the critical need for Egypt to continuously refine its ethical regulations to safeguard participant protection and research integrity. Key issues identified include the necessity to clarify and standardize the concept of social value in research, alongside concerns regarding the expertise and impartiality of ethical review boards, pointing towards a broader agenda for enhancing research ethics in Egypt and beyond.

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Gender differences in learning and study strategies impact medical students' preclinical and USMLE step 1 examination performance.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Evaluation of students' learning strategies can enhance academic support. Few studies have investigated differences in learning strategies between male and female students as well as their impact on United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 and preclinical performance.METHODS: The Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) was administered to the classes of 2019-2024 (female (n=350) and male (n=262)). Students' performance on preclinical first-year (M1) courses, preclinical second-year (M2) courses, and USMLE Step 1 was recorded. An independent t-test evaluated differences between females and males on each LASSI scale. A Pearson product moment correlation determined which LASSI scales correlated with preclinical performance and USMLE Step 1 examinations.RESULTS: Of the 10 LASSI scales, Anxiety, Attention, Information Processing, Selecting Main Idea, Test Strategies and Using Academic Resources showed significant differences between genders. Females reported higher levels of Anxiety (p<0.001), which significantly influenced their performance. While males and females scored similarly in Concentration, Motivation, and Time Management, these scales were significant predictors of performance variation in females. Test Strategies was the largest contributor to performance variation for all students, regardless of gender.CONCLUSION: Gender differences in learning influence performance on STEP1. Consideration of this study's results will allow for targeted interventions for academic success.

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The conveyance of animal commodities in pre-contact northern Hispaniola: zooarchaeological research and isotopic niche space modelling at El Carril, Dominican Republic (ca. AD 1100-1500)

Abstract: Zooarchaeological analysis and isotopic niche space modelling of faunal remains excavated from the settlement of El Carril (ca. AD 1100-1500) in the northern Dominican Republic provides evidence that the site was situated along an important transportation corridor for the passage of animal commodities. This study qualitatively investigates faunal remains recovered from sample excavation units within the site and relates these findings to a previously conducted palaeobotanical study of the site. The zooarchaeological findings are compared to that of nearby El Flaco, a smaller settlement located 2.5 km to the east and for which zooarchaeological and palaeobotanical data is available. Isotopic niche space modelling was conducted on animal remains from both sites to relatively indicate different ecological zones that were targeted by Indigenous peoples, and to speculate whether native Isolobodon portoricensis hutias (Capromyinae) were arriving to El Carril from different regions. Our evidence of animal resources arriving from far-flung environments, and the isotopic niche space modelling all suggest that El Carril may been situated near an important transportation corridor for animal goods passing between the coastline, the Cordillera Septentrional, and the riverine environments of the Cibao Valley.

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An adaptable and personalized framework for top-N course recommendations in online learning.

Abstract: In recent years, the proliferation of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) platforms on a global scale has been remarkable. Learners can now meet their learning demands with the help of MOOC. However, learners might not understand the course material well if they have access to a lot of information due to their inadequate expertise and cognitive ability. Personalized Recommender Systems (RSs), a cutting-edge technology, can assist in addressing this issue. It greatly increases resource acquisition through personalized availability for various people of all ages. Intelligent learning methods, such as machine learning and Reinforcement Learning (RL) can be used in RS challenges. However, machine learning needs supervised data and classical RL is not suitable for multi-task recommendations in online learning platforms. To address these challenges, the proposed framework integrates a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and multi-agent approach. This adaptive system personalizes the learning experience by considering key factors such as learner sentiments, learning style, preferences, competency, and adaptive difficulty levels. We formulate the interactive RS problem using a DRL-based Actor-Critic model named DRR, treating recommendations as a sequential decision-making process. The DRR enables the system to provide top-N course recommendations and personalized learning paths, enriching the student's experience. Extensive experiments on a MOOC dataset such as the 100K Coursera course review validate the proposed DRR model, demonstrating its superiority over baseline models in major evaluation metrics for long-term recommendations. The outcomes of this research contribute to the field of e-learning technology, guiding the design and implementation of course RSs, to facilitate personalized and relevant recommendations for online learning students.

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Atrial Fibrillation After Patent Foramen Ovale Closure: Incidence, Pathophysiology, and Management.

Abstract: This comprehensive review explores the incidence, pathophysiology, and management of atrial fibrillation (AF) following percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO). Although AF is considered a common adverse event post PFO closure, its incidence, estimated at <5%, varies based on monitoring methods. The review delves into the challenging task of precisely estimating AF incidence, given subclinical AF and diverse diagnostic approaches. Notably, a temporal pattern emerges, with peak incidence around the 14th day after closure and a subsequent decline after the 45th day, mimicking general population AF trends. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind post PFO closure AF remain elusive, with proposed factors including local irritation, device-related interference, tissue stretch, and nickel hypersensitivity. Management considerations encompass rhythm control, with flecainide showing promise, and anticoagulation tailored to individual risk profiles. The authors advocate for a personalized approach, weighing factors like age, comorbidities, and device characteristics. Notably, postclosure AF is generally considered benign, often resolving spontaneously within 45days, minimizing thromboembolic risks. Further studies are required to refine understanding and provide evidence-based guidelines.

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The Minors Strike: Reflections on the Limits and Legitimacy of Children's Political Action

Abstract: This article considers the morality of children's activism, in particular via participation in political protests. In Section 3 of the article I consider whether children can be competent to engage in activism. I argue that even if we believe children are not competent to vote it will still be true that many children are indeed competent to engage in activism. In Section 4 I consider the wellbeing effects of activism on children. I argue that political activity stands in tension with achieving the intrinsic goods of childhood, meaning there is an important sense in which activism is bad for children. However, I show that these negative outcomes flow from being made aware of the injustices in society, and that for politicised children activism is often highly beneficial.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Cruise hotel sustainable supplier management using a grey-based decision support framework

Abstract: This study aims to explore the performance of suppliers in the tourism and traveling sector. Therefore, we designed a case study in a cruise hotel and developed a team of experts to evaluate the existing suppliers. To rate suppliers, a grey multi-criteria decision-making (G-MCDM) platform is built to encounter the best-performing suppliers. CRITIC (CRiteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation) and CoCoSo (combined compromise solution) methods are used. The results demonstrate that Food suppliers and Interior design maintenance services are selected as the best-performing actors in supply chain while suppliers for chemical cleaning materials are is rated as the worst.

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Aging microplastics and coupling of microplastic-electric fields can affect soil water-stable aggregates' stability.

Abstract: As plastic waste continues to accumulate in natural environments, the impact of aged microplastics (MPs) on soil ecosystems is increasingly becoming a matter of global concern. However, the effects of aged MPs on the stability of water-stable soil aggregates have not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the influence of two types of aged MPs, namely, polystyrene and polypropylene, on soil aggregate stability. We found that MPs have a notable effect on the fundamental structural units of soil aggregates, including organic matter and microorganisms. Consequently, reducing the structural stability of soil aggregates by disrupting the bonding mechanisms of soil particles affects the erosion resistance of coarse aggregates. Furthermore, we investigated the coupled effects of soil electric field-MPs on aggregate stability. The results showed that the critical potential for aggregate explosive fragmentation corresponds to an electric field intensity at an electrolyte concentration of 10-2 mol·L-1. In this study, we have clarified the primary factors through which MPs affect the stability of water-stable soil aggregates, providing new insights for a more accurate assessment of the impact of MPs on soil aggregates.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

How to allocate mitigation efforts between home insulation, fuel switch and fuel decarbonization? Insights from the French residential sector

Abstract: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in residential buildings relies on three channels that are rarely assessed together-insulating homes, switching to low-carbon heating systems and decarbonizing heating fuels. Their combination results from an interplay between top-down planning of the energy system and decentralized policies for the residential sector-insulation subsidies in particular. In this paper, we examine how the design of insulation subsidies influences the allocation of efforts between these three channels. To do so, we use an innovative framework coupling a highly detailed model of residential energy demand with a highly detailed model of the energy system, both focused on France. We find that the most cost-effective effort allocation to reach carbon neutrality implies 19% emission reductions from home insulation, 36% from fuel switch and 45% from fuel decarbonization. This however requires perfectly targeted subsidies. In three alternative, arguably more realistic subsidy scenarios, we find that total system cost is increased by 11%-16%. Our results highlight the key role played by subsidy specifications in determining the trade-off between insulation and fuel switch, e.g. insulation investments doubles, and heat pump adoption is 19% lower, when subsidies are restricted to the most comprehensive measures. Finally, alternative assumptions regarding the availability of renewable energy sources-biogas in particular-imply stronger energy efficiency efforts.

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The fauna from Mughr el-Hamamah, Jordan: Insights on human hunting behavior during the Early Upper Paleolithic.

Abstract: As a corridor for population movement out of Africa, the southern Levant is a natural laboratory for research exploring the dynamics of the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition. Yet, the number of well-preserved sites dating to the initial millennia of the Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP; 45-30 ka) remains limited, restricting the resolution at which we can study the biocultural and techno-typological changes evidenced across the transition. With EUP deposits dating to 45-39 ka cal BP, Mughr el-Hamamah, Jordan, offers a key opportunity to expand our understanding of EUP lifeways in the southern Levant. Mughr el-Hamamah is particularly noteworthy for its large faunal assemblage, representing the first such assemblage from the Jordan Valley. In this paper, we present results from taxonomic and taphonomic analyses of the EUP fauna from Mughr el-Hamamah. Given broader debates about shifts in human subsistence across the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition, we also assess evidence for subsistence intensification, focusing especially on the exploitation of gazelle and the use of small game. Taphonomic data suggest that the fauna was primarily accumulated by human activity. Ungulates dominate the assemblage; gazelle (Gazella sp.) is the most common taxa, followed by fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) and goat (Capra sp.). Among the gazelle, juveniles account for roughly one-third of the sample. While the focus on gazelle and the frequency of juveniles are consistent with broader regional trends, evidence for the regular exploitation of marrow from gazelle phalanges suggests that the EUP occupants of Mughr el-Hamamah processed gazelle carcasses quite intensively. Yet, the overall degree of dietary intensification appears low-small game is rare and evidence for human capture of this game is more equivocal. As a whole, our results support a growing body of data showing gradual shifts in animal exploitation strategies across the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in the southern Levant.

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Approaching Jail Diversion and Prevention of Criminal Legal System Involvement Simultaneously.

Abstract: Despite prolific jail diversion initiatives, people with serious mental illness continue to be overrepresented in the criminal legal system. This continued overrepresentation has led to recent calls to address social determinants of health and criminal risk factors rather than to allocate new resources to diverting people from the criminal legal system. This shift toward prevention by addressing social factors that influence health and criminal legal outcomes should occur alongside a continued focus on diversion to understand what works and for whom. An effective, well-funded, and comprehensive community-based mental health services system could serve as the ultimate intercept for preventing criminal legal system involvement.

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Costumes of the migrating body: A study of indentured labors' clothes and jewelry

Abstract: The years 1838-1924 in colonial India saw the first organized exodus of around 1.5 million. These emigrants were employed as indentured laborers in the various plantations owned by the Empire. Along with the people, what migrated were objects like clothes and jewelry. While some of these items were provided by the plantation regimes, others were brought by the emigrants. Though there have been studies about the lives on the plantations, the marine lives of the travelers and their personal belongings have been neglected. Objects such as clothes and jewelry not only have cultural significance but also form part of the emigrants' memory. This article critically analyses the usage of cultural artifacts as floating signifiers and how these artifacts are altered with a change of setting. Building on the ideas of Bhabha, Skinner, and others, this article aims to understand the role of material possessions in the lives of the plantation workers. The narratives discussed allow readers to witness changes in the role of materials like clothes and jewelry accompanying the emigrants on their voyage to the plantations.

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Routinizing and scrutinizing: Divergent yet potentially complementary modes of valuing money's material forms

Abstract: This essay contrasts and explores the complementarity between routinizing modes of valuation (relating money tokens to monetary value) that predominate in the contemporary global north with scrutinizing modes found in the past and on the periphery of more familiar forms. The former treat the relationship between pecuniary media and money value as independent from the physical condition of specific money tokens which are held to be universally fungible. By contrast, the latter foreground the characteristics of notes and coins as singularized objects that exist within and are potentially reconfigured semiotically by the workings of time upon their physical surfaces. Scrutinizing modes may in turn be divided between systems that seek pristine money tokens that elide their own historicity and those that treat wear and tear as indexical of previous instances of successful valuation. Ultimately the essay identifies three provisional ideal typical modes for practices of money's valuation. Two of these, the systems of routinization in the contemporary global north and of circulation-focal scrutinization, might be taken to be antithetical. By contrast, the third, the hybrid routinizing-scrutinizing model(s) we encounter on the peripheries of the contemporary state-money system or anywhere confidence about money's value starts to break down highlights the potential coexistence and complementarity of different monies within a single disjunctive system. Such complementarity often takes the form of routinized low value and scrutinized high value currencies, yet local, historically sedimented practices are foremost in the formation of such hybrid forms. Examples are drawn from nineteenth century America and China and from contemporary Southeast Asia.

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Cultural Dynamics in the Levantine Upper Paleolithic, ca. 40-33 ky BP: Insights Based on Recent Advances in the Study of the Levantine Aurignacian, the Arkov-Divshon, and the Atlitian.

Abstract: The chrono-cultural sequence of the Levantine Upper Paleolithic went through several major revisions during approximately a century of focused research, each revision contributing to shedding light on the mosaic of cultural entities and the complex social and cultural dynamics composing the Levantine Upper Paleolithic. The current state of research suggests the co-inhabitance of two cultural groups: the Early Ahmarian and the Levantine Aurignacian. Two other cultural entities, the Arkov-Divshon and the Atlitian, are regarded as younger manifestations and were tentatively suggested to relate to the Levantine Aurignacian. This paper presents a research synthesis of two case studies: Manot Cave, located in western Galilee, Israel, and Nahal Rahaf 2 Rockshelter in the Judean Desert. The application of high-resolution excavation methods, alongside detailed documentation of the stratigraphy and site-formation processes and wide-scale radiocarbon-based absolute dating, marked these sites as ideal for chrono-cultural study through the analyses of flint industries. The results indicate a clear distinction between the Levantine Aurignacian and the Arkov-Divshon/Atlitian industries and a chronological overlap between the Arkov-Divshon, Levantine Aurignacian, and possibly with the Early Ahmarian. Subsequently, we suggest another revision of the currently accepted chrono-cultural model: not two, but at least three cultural entities co-inhabited the Levant at ca. 40-30 ky cal BP. This study further suggests an evolvement of the Atlitian flint industries from the Arkov-Divshon and stresses the foreign cultural features of the Levantine Aurignacian. These results were used to construct an updated model of migration and possible interaction patterns.

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Racial Disparities in Blood Pressure at Time of Acute Ischemic Stroke Presentation: APopulation Study.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a stroke risk factor with known disparities in prevalence and management between Black and White patients. We sought to identify if racial differences in presenting blood pressure (BP) during acute ischemic stroke exist.METHODS AND RESULTS: Adults with acute ischemic stroke presenting to an emergency department within 24hours of last known normal during study epochs 2005, 2010, and 2015 within the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study were included. Demographics, histories, arrival BP, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and time from last known normal were collected. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine differences in mean BP between Black and White patients, adjusting for age, sex, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, stroke, body mass index, and study epoch. Of 4048 patients, 853 Black and 3195 White patients were included. In adjusted analysis, Black patients had higher presenting systolic BP (161mmHg [95% CI, 159-164] versus 158mmHg [95% CI, 157-159], P<0.01), diastolic BP (86mmHg [95% CI, 85-88] versus 83mmHg [95% CI, 82-84], P<0.01), and mean arterial pressure (111mmHg [95% CI, 110-113] versus 108mmHg [95% CI, 107-109], P<0.01) compared with White patients. In adjusted subanalysis of patients <4.5hours from last known normal, diastolic BP (88mmHg [95% CI, 86-90] versus 83mmHg [95% CI, 82-84], P<0.01) and mean arterial pressure (112mmHg [95% CI, 110-114] versus 108mmHg [95% CI, 107-109], P<0.01) were also higher in Black patients.CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study suggests differences in presenting BP between Black and White patients during acute ischemic stroke. Further study is needed to determine whether these differences influence clinical decision-making, outcome, or clinical trial eligibility.

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Effectiveness of Endoscopic Screening on Esophageal Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A 9-Year Report of the Endoscopic Screening for Esophageal Cancer in China (ESECC) Randomized Trial.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic screening against incidence of and mortality from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).METHODS: From January 2012 to September 2016, we conducted a community-based cluster randomized controlled trial involving permanent residents age 45-69 years in a high-risk region for ESCC in northern China. A total of 668 targeted villages were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the screening group (offered Lugol's chromoendoscopy) or control group (no screening). Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed to compare esophageal cancer (EC) incidence and mortality between the two groups. The per-protocol analysis adjusted for nonadherence to the screening procedure.RESULTS: A total of 33,847 participants were included in the analysis: 17,104 in the screening group, 15,165 (88.7%) of whom underwent screening, and 16,743 in the control group. During a maximum follow-up of 9 years, EC incidence in the screening and control groups were 60.9 and 72.5 per 100,000 person-years, respectively; mortality in the screening and control groups were 29.7 and 32.4 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Compared with the control group, the incidence and mortality of the screening group reduced by 19% (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.81 [95% CI, 0.60 to 1.09]) and 18% (aHR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.53 to 1.26]), respectively, in the intention-to-treat analysis; and by 22% (aHR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.56 to 1.10]) and 21% (aHR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.49 to 1.30]), respectively, in the per-protocol analysis.CONCLUSION: With a 9-year follow-up, our trial suggests that chromoendoscopic screening induces modest reductions in EC incidence and mortality. A more efficient strategy for EC screening and subsequent patient management should be established to guarantee the effectiveness of endoscopic screening.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Why We Need to Change How We Talk About Infectious Disease.

Abstract: This article builds a case for raising occupational consciousness by critically questioning ahistorical and apolitical uses of battle language, especially when referring to infectious diseases. Words such as invasion, colonization, and resistance are particularly ethically troubling, and this article considers why the social practices our language brings about matter in health care. Dynamic relationships among humans and microbes, as well as metaphor, are considered here in historical context and through the lens of Derrida's portmanteau hostipitality, which invites reconsideration of an infectious disease notion of host and how conceptions of hospitality have been institutionalized and commodified. This article argues that language used in infectious disease care settings should be informed by coexistence as a guiding value of clinical and ethical relevance.

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Local government resilience in the face of Russian aggression: the case of Ukraine

Abstract: The collapse of a state during crises, such as large-scale wars, demands effective preventive measures. The 2014 military aggression by Russia in Ukraine triggered profound changes and emphasised the importance of strategic responses. So, the cutoff of Russian aggression was facilitated by the coordinated interaction of state authorities and local government and the increased autonomy of local government at the grassroots level, as a result of the successful decentralisation reform in Ukraine. After the full-scale Russian invasion in February 2022, the local government played a vital role in sustaining Ukrainian cities and villages. This paper examines local government operations in active conflict zones and during occupation, assessing their preparedness for military actions. It delves into the unique challenges faced and necessary post-war adjustments. Through in-depth interviews in the war-affected Kharkiv region and secondary sources, we illuminate crisis management within local government during wartime in Ukraine. Therefore, this study highlights the crucial role of local government bodies in addressing the issues of local residents during a wartime crisis.

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High-sensitive determination of tetracycline antibiotics adsorbed on microplastics in mariculture water using pre-COF/monolith composite-based in-tube solid phase microextraction on-line coupled to HPLC-MS/MS

Abstract: Microplastics (MPs) act as carriers for organic pollutants (e.g. antibiotics) and microorganisms (e.g. bacteria) in waters, leading to the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes. Moreover, the antibiotics adsorbed on MPs may exacerbate this process. For further research, it is necessary to understand the types and amounts of antibiotics adsorbed on MPs. However, due to the heavy work of MPs collection and sample pretreatment, there is a lack of analytical methods and relevant data. In this study, an in -tube solid phase microextraction (IT-SPME) on-line coupled to HPLC-MS/MS method based on amorphous precursor polymer of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks/monolith-based composite adsorbent was developed, which could efficiently capture, enrich and analyze tetracycline (TCs) antibiotics. Under the optimal extraction parameters, the developed method was capable of detecting TCs at levels as low as 0.48-1.76 pg. This method was applied to analyze the TCs adsorbed on MPs of different particle sizes in mariculture water for the first time, requiring a minimum amount of MPs of only 1 mg. Furthermore, it was observed that there could be an antagonistic relationship between algal biofilm and TCs loaded on MPs. This approach could open up new possibilities for analyzing pollutants on MPs and support deeper research on MPs.

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Demobilising Opposition to European Integration: The Principle of Subsidiarity and the Creation of the European Union, 1988-1992

Abstract: By analysing new archival evidence, this article reveals how in the late 1980s, the legal principle of subsidiarity came to be seen as a tool for demobilising opposition to further European integration. At the same time, it also became a projection screen for competing visions for Europe's future: while the European Commission saw subsidiarity as an important foundation for a future European federation and the German government as an essential part of a 'Europe of the regions', the British government hoped to use it to achieve a renationalisation of the European Community. The French government was much more sceptical towards subsidiarity, pointing to the paradox that subsidiarity actually required a strong central authority to achieve its decentralising ends. The article concludes by arguing that the debate on subsidiarity reveals how ambitious and yet contested European integration had become by the early 1990s.

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Comparative analysis of chlorine-resistant bacteria after chlorination and chloramination in drinking water treatment plants.

Abstract: Chlorine-resistant bacteria (CRB) in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) jeopardize water quality and pose a potential risk to human health. However, the specific response of CRB to chlorination and chloramination remains uncharacterized. Therefore, we analyzed 16S rRNA sequencing data from water samples before and after chlorination and chloramination taken between January and December 2020. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated all finished water samples. After chloramination, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Methylobacterium, Ralstonia, and Sphingomonas were the dominant CRB, whereas Ralstonia, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Enterococcus were prevalent after chlorination. Over 75% of the CRB e.g. Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Enterococcus were shared between the chlorination and chloramination, involving potentially pathogens, such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Notably, certain genera such as Faecalibacterium, Geobacter, and Megasphaera were enriched as strong CRB after chloramination, whereas Vogesella, Flavobacterium, Thalassolituus, Pseudoalteromonas, and others were enriched after chlorination according to LEfSe analysis. The shared CRB correlated with temperature, pH, and turbidity, displaying a seasonal pattern with varying sensitivity to chlorination and chloramination in cold and warm seasons. These findings enhance our knowledge of the drinking water microbiome and microbial health risks, thus enabling better infectious disease control through enhanced disinfection strategies in DWTPs.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Brain responses to a lab-evolved artificial language with space-time metaphors

Abstract: What is the connection between the cultural evolution of a language and the rapid processing response to that language in the brains of individual learners? In an iterated communication study that was conducted previously, participants were asked to communicate temporal concepts such as tomorrow, day after, year, and past using vertical movements recorded on a touch screen. Over time, participants developed simple artificial 'languages' that used space metaphorically to communicate in nuanced ways about time. Some conventions appeared rapidly and universally (e.g., using larger vertical movements to convey greater temporal durations). Other conventions required extensive social interaction and exhibited idiosyncratic variation (e.g., using vertical location to convey past or future). Here we investigate whether the brain's response during acquisition of such a language reflects the process by which the language's conventions originally evolved. We recorded participants' EEG as they learned one of these artificial space-time languages. Overall, the brain response to this artificial communication system was language-like, with, for instance, violations to the system's conventions eliciting an N400-like component. Over the course of learning, participants' brain responses developed in ways that paralleled the process by which the language had originally evolved, with early neural sensitivity to violations of a rapidly-evolving universal convention, and slowly developing neural sensitivity to an idiosyncratic convention that required slow social negotiation to emerge. This study opens up exciting avenues of future work to disentangle how neural biases influence learning and transmission in the emergence of structure in language.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

A scientist for president.

Abstract: If elected, Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo would bring an extensive background in science and engineering to Mexico's presidency. But many researchers are anxious about how she would govern.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Multidecadal mangrove forest change in Macajalar Bay, Northern Mindanao, Philippines (1950-2020) using remote sensing and geographic information systems.

Abstract: The mangrove forest in Macajalar Bay is regarded as an important coastal ecosystem since it provides numerous ecosystem services. Despite their importance, the clearing of mangroves has been rampant and has reached critical rates. Addressing this problem and further advancing its conservation require accurate mangrove mapping. However, current spatial information related to mangroves is sparse and insufficient to understand the historical change dynamics. In this study, the synergy of 1950 vegetation maps and Landsat images was explored to provide multidecadal monitoring of mangrove forest change dynamics in Macajalar Bay, Philippines. Vegetation maps containing the 1950 mangrove extent and Landsat images were used as input data to monitor the rates of loss over 70years. In 2020, the mangrove forest cover was estimated to be 201.73ha, equivalent to only 61.99% of the 325.43ha that was estimated in 1950. Between 1950 and 2020, net mangrove loss in Macajalar Bay totaled 324.29ha. The highest clearing rates occurred between 1950 and 1990 when it recorded a total of 258.51ha, averaging 6.46ha/year. The original mangrove forest that existed in 1950 only represents 8.56% of the 2020 extent, suggesting that much of the old-growth mangrove had been cleared before 2000 and the existing mangrove forest is mainly composed of secondary mangrove forest stands. Across Macajalar Bay, intensified clearing that happened between 1950 and 1990 has been driven by large-scale aquaculture developments. Mangrove gains on the other hand were evident and have increased the total extent by 79.84ha since 2000 as a result of several afforestation programs. However, approximately half of these gains that were observed since 2010 exhibited low canopy cover. As of writing, approximately 85% of the 2020 mangrove forest stands fall outside the 1950 original mangrove extent. Examining the viability of the original mangrove forest for mangrove reforestation together with promoting site-species matching, and biophysical assessment are necessary undertakings to advance current mangrove conservation initiatives in Macajalar Bay.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Community-based dental education in Iranian dental schools.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Community-based dental education (CBDE) has been an essential advancement in dental education in recent decades, enhancing it in many aspects. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and improvements of CBDE in dental schools in Iran.METHODS: In the present descriptive study, an electronic questionnaire, including 18 yes/no, multiple choice, and short answer questions about the nature and extent of CBDE and students' experience in CBDE, was used. In early 2021, the questionnaires were mailed to the deans of all 43 dental schools in Iran under the supervision of the Council for Dental Education of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Reminder calls were made after 6 and 12 weeks. Dental schools that did not follow the CBDE program were excluded. The responses were analyzed descriptively.RESULTS: Thirty-six dental schools completed the questionnaire (response rate: 84%). Seventeen schools (47%) reported having CBDE in their dental program. Sites lacking a well-equipped dental setting were the most used out of all extramural sites. The number of weeks dedicated to CBDE ranged between 1 and 20 (median: 4). The most common dental procedures practiced in extramural sites were pediatric dentistry (100%), restorative dentistry (71%), and dental examination (59%). The student-to-supervisor ratio in CBDE ranged between 3 and 15 (median: 5). In most schools (65%), the staff involved in directing CBDE were Community Oral Health PhDs.CONCLUSIONS: An increasing number of Iranian dental schools have integrated CBDE into their undergraduate dental curriculum. The characteristics and extent of this educational strategy vary widely among dental schools. CBDE can be more effective by making positive changes in dental programs.

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Spatial pattern analysis of the impact of community food environments on foetal macrosomia, preterm births and low birth weight.

Abstract: Community food environments (CFEs) have a strong impact on child health and nutrition and this impact is currently negative in many areas. In the Republic of Argentina, there is a lack of research evaluating CFEs regionally and comprehensively by tools based on geographic information systems (GIS). This study aimed to characterize the spatial patterns of CFEs, through variables associated with its three dimensions (political, individual and environmental), and their association with the spatial distribution in urban localities in Argentina. CFEs were assessed in 657 localities with ≥5,000 inhabitants. Data on births and CFEs were obtained from nationally available open-source data and through remote sensing. The spatial distribution and presence of clusters were assessed using hotspot analysis, purely spatial analysis (SaTScan), Moran's Index, semivariograms and spatially restrained multivariate clustering. Clusters of low risk for LBW, macrosomia, and preterm births were observed in the central-east part of the country, while high-risk clusters identified in the North, Centre and South. In the central-eastern region, low-risk clusters were found coinciding with hotspots of public policy coverage, high night-time light, social security coverage and complete secondary education of the household head in areas with low risk for negative outcomes of the birth variables studied, with the opposite with regard to households with unsatisfied basic needs and predominant land use classes in peri-urban areas of crops and herbaceous cover. These results show that the exploration of spatial patterns of CFEs is a necessary preliminary step before developing explanatory models and generating novel findings valuable for decision-making.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

In Defense of a Normative Concept of Argument

Abstract: Blair articulates a concept of argument that suggests, as he puts it, that argument is a normative concept (Blair, Informal Logic 24:137-151, 2004, p. 190). Put roughly, the idea is that a collection of propositions doesn't constitute an argument unless some taken together constitute a reason for the remaining proposition and thereby support it enough to provide at least prima facie justification for it (Blair, in: Blair, Johnson, Hansen, Tindale (eds) Informal Logic at 25, Proceedings of the 25th anniversary conference, Ontario Society for the Study of Argumentation, 2003, p.173). My primary task in this paper is to advance an understanding of the illative unit of argument and the reasons associated with it that provides an intuition pump for a normative concept of argument. My aim is to advance a positive consideration in favor of a normative concept of argument that motivates its further development. I take the normative concept of argument I defend here to be in the same ballpark as the one Blair characterizes.

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The role of coworking spaces in small and medium sized shrinking cities: The case of South Korea

Abstract: Due to structural demographic shifts, declining population, economic restructuring and deindustrialization, the number of shrinking cities has been increasing in South Korea. To tackle these challenges, policy makers have promoted entrepreneurial environments, largely absent in such cities, to accelerate rates of revitalization by attracting talented young knowledge workers. The creation of collaborative coworking spaces is one of these policy responses. However, there have been rising concerns over whether such coworking spaces are producing the expected outcomes. It is uncertain whether policy makers are encouraging the development of coworking spaces without strong evidence of their effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to find out what roles coworking spaces play in small and medium sized shrinking cities. A five-month study was conducted in 12 small and medium sized cities (<500,000 population) using two interrelated methods: 1) an online survey with users of coworking spaces in their 20s and 30s and 2) semi-structured interviews with the managing staff/owners of 4 coworking spaces. Based on the study, the research concludes that the coworking spaces played a key role in bringing young people together and helping them to start new businesses by providing proper hard and soft infrastructure, hosting events and sharing information and knowledge.

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Comparison of log-ratio and log10 chemical elemental data analysis of Central Amazonian pottery and archaeological implications

Abstract: The additive log-ratio (alr) transformation is recommended as one of the most robust data transformations for multivariate analysis of archaeometric compositional data. However, alr and other transformations are not mutually exclusive and can be combined to assess different aspects of an archaeometric data set, such as the addition of temper, post-depositional effects in pottery and associated archaeological implications. This study presents a comparative analysis of a multi-element data set of pottery from Lago Grande and Osvaldo archaeological sites in the Central Amazon, which are considered a microcosm of the region. The concentrations of nine chemical elements (La, Lu, Yb, Ce, Cr, Eu, Fe, Sc, and Th) measured by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) were subjected to alr transformation, prior to chemical fingerprinting by cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results were compared to a previous work using the log10 transformation. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was employed to test for statistical differences between the chemical groups, and self-organizing maps (SOMs), a type of artificial neural network, were used for comparison due to their advantage of not depending on any specific data distribution assumption. In general, the results suggest the existence of socio-cultural interactions between Lago Grande and Osvaldo, which could have occurred through trade, exogamic marriage and territory sharing. In a broader perspective, the exchange networks corroborated by the results favor theories that minimize the role of ecological constraints in the emergence of social complexity and sedentary occupations in the Amazon region.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Allocation of CO2 emission target in China under the 1+N policy: Considering natural carbon sinks and wind-solar-hydropower endowments

Abstract: The CO2 emission control targets (CET) allocation faces the unavoidable issues of energy equity and carbon sink equity, which are complicated by changing regional characteristics. By combining regional characteristics assessment, energy consumption status in the 1 + N policy, and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) modeling, two schemes for China's net CET allocation in 2020-2030 are implied to reveal the impacts of regional carbon sinks and renewable energy endowments differences on the allocation. The results indicate that: firstly, significant regional differences are inevitably intrinsic within China's renewable energy endowments and carbon sinks to substantially affect the equity of carbon emission allocation in 2020-2030; secondly Provinces with high fossil energy reliance, such as Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia, are generally facing continuous pressure to reduce CO2 emissions during the 14th FYP and 15th FYP; thirdly, as a regional ecological advantage, carbon sinks are an essential source of additional carbon budgets for provinces, as in Sichuan and Yunnan. As a dominating impact factor of carbon sinks on CET allocation, terrestrial carbon sinks are much higher than ocean carbon sinks with clear provincial attribution; fourthly, in our allocation scheme, the exploitation of renewable energy endowments directly affects the provincial carbon budget and can promote low carbon energy supply; finally, the foundation to build the CET allocation mechanism, China's carbon market needs to be improved. This study helps policymakers understand and balance the equity issues in CET allocation due to regional differences in renewable energy endowments and carbon sinks.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Traditional knowledge and socioeconomic aspects of small-scale bivalve fishing on the Amazon coast: A case study of Iphigenia brasiliensis on the Island of Maranhao

Abstract: The bivalve mollusk Iphigenia brasiliensis, locally known as tarioba, is an important fishing resource exploited along the coast of Maranha similar to o. Despite its socioeconomic relevance to numerous shellfish communities on the Amazon coast, little information is available on this species. This study aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic profiles and traditional local knowledge of I. brasiliensis fishermen working on Maranha similar to o Island. For this purpose, 106 guided interviews were conducted with workers selected using the snowball method in the four municipalities of the region: Sa similar to o Luis, Raposa, Paco do Lumiar, and Sa similar to o Jose ' de Ribamar. The results showed that shellfish gatherers are predominantly young men with reasonable education and low income who start practicing the activity early, are influenced by family and friends, and have traditional knowledge verticalized between generations. In the region, three methods of capturing mollusks were identified: diving, using hands and feet, and with the support of a stick, with subsistence being the main demand for the activity. Dozens of mollusks are marketed in natura, with prices varying between municipalities, and processing is conducted only by the final consumer.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Unlocking the potential of smart EV charging: A user-oriented control system based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

Abstract: During the last years, Electric Vehicles (EV) have disrupted the transport market and are considered a key enabler towards economy -wide decarbonization. However, a high penetration of distributed energy resources on a residential level, such as EV, are expected to increase domestic demand and put a further stress on the operation of power distribution networks. This paper aims at suggesting real-time EV charging strategies based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). The end -users can select among different policy profiles, namely cost savingsor user -oriented, depending on their personal optimization goals. Historical daily EV charging data from residential EV owners in Austin, Texas, USA have been analyzed to create user -specific tendencies based on the day of the week (weekday/weekend). The extracted end -user charging tendencies are combined with electricity consumption cost, solar PV self -consumption and EV battery constraints, including the number of daily charging activations. Experimental results on 6 different households show that the proposed Deep QNetwork (DQN) EV charging policies manage to reduce daily electricity costs by up to 49.83% when following a user-orientedenergy policy while being able to charge up to 86.22% of the time in time periods that are consistent with users' historical charging patterns.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Engraving Polyamide Layers by In Situ Self-Etchable CaCO3 Nanoparticles Enhances Separation Properties and Antifouling Performance of Reverse Osmosis Membranes

Abstract: Nanovoids within a polyamide layer play an important role in the separation performance of thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. To form more extensive nanovoids for enhanced performance, one commonly used method is to incorporate sacrificial nanofillers in the polyamide layer during the exothermic interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction, followed by some post-etching processes. However, these post-treatments could harm the membrane integrity, thereby leading to reduced selectivity. In this study, we applied in situ self-etchable sacrificial nanofillers by taking advantage of the strong acid and heat generated in IP. CaCO3 nanoparticles (nCaCO(3)) were used as the model nanofillers, which can be in situ etched by reacting with H+ to leave void nanostructures behind. This reaction can further degas CO2 nanobubbles assisted by heat in IP to form more nanovoids in the polyamide layer. These nanovoids can facilitate water transport by enlarging the effective surface filtration area of the polyamide and reducing hydraulic resistance to significantly enhance water permeance. The correlations between the nanovoid properties and membrane performance were systematically analyzed. We further demonstrate that the nCaCO(3)-tailored membrane can improve membrane antifouling propensity and rejections to boron and As(III) compared with the control. This study investigated a novel strategy of applying self-etchable gas precursors to engrave the polyamide layer for enhanced membrane performance, which provides new insights into the design and synthesis of TFC membranes.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Dynamic analysis of a fuzzy Bobwhite quail population model under g-division law.

Abstract: This paper is concerned with a kind of Bobwhite quail population model x n + 1 = A + B x n + x n x n - 1 x n - 2 , n = 0 , 1 , ⋯ , where the parameters and initial values are positive parabolic fuzzy numbers. According to g-division of fuzzy sets and based on the symmetrical parabolic fuzzy numbers, the conditional stability of this model is proved. Besides the existence, boundedness and persistence of its unique positive fuzzy solution. When some fuzzy stability conditions are satisfied, the model evolution exhibits oscillations with return to a fixed fuzzy equilibrium no matter what the initial value is. This phenomena provided a vivid counterexample to Allee effect in density-dependent populations of organisms. As a supplement, two numerical examples with data-table are interspersed to illustrate the effectiveness. Our findings have been verified precise with collected northern bobwhite data in Texas, and will help to form some efficient density estimates for wildlife populations of universal applications.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Enabling Students' Wellbeing in Distance Design Education

Abstract: Understanding changes to student wellbeing on design modules in a distance higher education setting is difficult. Previous research suggested that environmental, study and skills-related barriers impact the wellbeing of learners at a distance. This study sought to understand the experiences of barriers and what enabled distance design students' wellbeing. It identifies avenues to balance tensions between conflicting experiences of studying design and maintaining wellbeing that our participants disclosed in a longitudinal, qualitative study using repeat interviews, experience sampling and a diary study. The findings provide insights from the learners' perspectives. Students reported strategies on how to deal with open-ended design projects and how to cope with feedback. They revealed how they currently seek and receive support for design work and wellbeing. We uncovered how learners keep to deadlines and how they approach social learning. The study also exposed enabling study rhythms to facilitate creative flow and how creative environments are set up in the learners' homes. Our findings suggest that educators and designers of hybrid and distance design education should pay attention to three key aspects: dealing with uncertainty, learning satisficing and managing creative flow, to enable design students' wellbeing.

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Louis Pasteur, a child of the Jura, a man for the world.

Abstract: How did Louis Pasteur, born in a small town in the Jura-Dole, still little known to the world today, become a man of global recognition and fame? The answer to this question is guided by two pivotal considerations. First is Pasteur's relationship to the representation of reality. This relationship was seeded and steadily developed since his juvenile years through practicing different forms of artistic expression, the most famous of which were subtle pastels portraying Pasteur's parents and neighbors. This genuine attraction towards art gradually became scientificized at the same time, when new means of reproducing the reality were invented, such as photography. The second consideration, critical to understand the phenomenon of Pasteur's celebrity, is a strong linkage of his research with nature-based agricultural production. Here again, deeply rooted in his youth and home environment, permeated with the taste of wine and the smell of tanned leather, Pasteur's interests necessitated the processes of communication, not only at the scientific level, but also on a daily life basis, with numerous social actors at play (ferments, silkworms etc.). Throughout his work, Pasteur had to provide himself with the means to set up these interdisciplinarity and communication. The final result was the Pasteur Institute, or rather the Pasteur Institutes and the global Pasteur network.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

New Learning Environments in Design and Craft Education - Acknowledging the Learning of Design Literacy

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to contribute to the concept of design literacy by exploring what it means to learn design literacy through making. To support my argumentation, I draw on a case study where I followed two student teachers of design and craft as they learned design literacy through woodworking. Due to Covid-19, the learning environment was located at the students' homes rather than the design and craft studio at the university. Two research questions guide the case study: What stories does the student recall from learning woodworking and what do these stories provide that are relevant for learning design literacy? Three 'making' stories are presented from the case study: (1) Making with the unknown, (2) Making alone educationally, and (3) The affective and embodied making. These stories provide numerous making skills that are relevant when teaching and learning for design literacy, which is further discussed in the paper.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Prenatal exposure to poly/perfluoroalkyl substances and risk for congenital heart disease in offspring.

Abstract: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent congenital malformation worldwide, and the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exposure and CHD in population has only received limited study. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter case-control study to explore the associations between prenatal exposure to individual PFASs, and also a PFAS mixture, and CHD risk, including 185 CHDs and 247 controls in China from 2016 to 2021. Thirteen PFASs in maternal plasma were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Logistic regression and two multipollutant models (Bayesian kernel machine regression [BKMR] and quantile g-computation [qgcomp]) were used to assess the potential associations between any individual PFAS, and also a PFAS mixture, and CHD risk. After adjusting for potential confounders, logistic regression indicated significant associations between elevated levels of perfluorononanoic acid (odds ratio [OR]= 1.30, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.07-1.58), perfluorodecanoic acid (OR=2.07, 95%CI: 1.32-3.26), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (OR=2.86, 95%CI:1.45-5.65) and CHD risk. The BKMR model and qgcomp approach identified that a significant positive association between the PFAS mixture and risk for CHD. These findings provide essential evidence that there is indeed a health crisis associated with PFASs and that it is linked to CHD.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

The importance of non-technical skills in robot-assisted surgery in gynaecology.

Abstract: Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) in gynaecology has undergone exponential growth in recent decades, with utility in treating both benign and malignant gynaecological conditions. The technological complexities and amended theatre dynamics that RAS demands mean that effective non-technical skills (NTS) are vitally important to overcome these unique challenges. However, NTS have been neglected in RAS-training programmes with focus placed instead on the exclusive acquisition of technical skills (TS). NTS include teamwork, communication, leadership, situational awareness, decision-making and stress management. Communication is the most frequently cited NTS impacted during RAS, as the physical limitations imposed by the robotic hardware make communication exchange difficult. The full immersion that RAS enables can contribute to situational awareness deficits. However, RAS can complement communication and teamwork when multidisciplinary (MDT) surgeries (such as complex endometriosis excisions) are undertaken; dual-console capabilities facilitate the involvement of specialties such as general surgery and urology. The development of NTS in RAS cannot be achieved with in-situ experience alone, and current training is poorly standardised. RAS-training programmes and curricula for gynaecology do exist, however the integration of NTS remain limited. Simulation is a viable tool to facilitate enhanced-NTS integration, yet cost implications form a barrier to its wider implementation. However, given that RAS will continue to occupy a greater proportion of the gynaecological caseload, integration of NTS within gynaecological RAS training curricula is necessary. Patients undergoing gynaecological RAS would benefit from the improved safety standards and enhanced surgical outcomes that would result.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Principal Uncertainty Quantification With Spatial Correlation for Image Restoration Problems

Abstract: Uncertainty quantification for inverse problems in imaging has drawn much attention lately. Existing approaches towards this task define uncertainty regions based on probable values per pixel, while ignoring spatial correlations within the image, resulting in an exaggerated volume of uncertainty. In this paper, we propose PUQ (Principal Uncertainty Quantification) - a novel definition and corresponding analysis of uncertainty regions that takes into account spatial relationships within the image, thus providing reduced volume regions. Using recent advancements in generative models, we derive uncertainty intervals around principal components of the empirical posterior distribution, forming an ambiguity region that guarantees the inclusion of true unseen values with a user-defined confidence probability. To improve computational efficiency and interpretability, we also guarantee the recovery of true unseen values using only a few principal directions, resulting in more informative uncertainty regions. Our approach is verified through experiments on image colorization, super-resolution, and inpainting; its effectiveness is shown through comparison to baseline methods, demonstrating significantly tighter uncertainty regions.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Sick leave and disability pension following delivery in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract: Objective: To investigate sickness benefits following delivery in mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mothers without SLE. Method: SLE and non-SLE mothers, matched by age and month of delivery, with a singleton liveborn (2004-2008), were identified from the Swedish Lupus Linkage cohort. Work loss (sum of sick leave and disability pension) was studied from 1 year prenatally to 3 years postpartum. Adjusted logistic regression models of covariates associated with > 30 days of work loss in the first and second years postpartum were estimated in SLE mothers. Results: Among 130 SLE mothers and 440 non-SLE mothers, SLE mothers were more likely to have work loss from the prenatal year (42% vs 16%) to 3 years postpartum (49% vs 15%). In SLE mothers, work loss was on average 61 +/- 112 days (mean +/- sd) in the prenatal year and 38 +/- 83 days in the first year postpartum, which increased to 71 +/- 114 days in the third year postpartum. Having > 30 days of sick leave in the year of delivery [odds ratio (OR) 4.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-12.9] and <= 12 years of education (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.0) were associated with work loss in the first year postpartum. No covariates were associated with work loss in the second year postpartum. Conclusion: SLE mothers more often had work loss in the prenatal year to 3 years postpartum compared to non-SLE mothers. Lower education and sick leave in the year of delivery were associated with a higher odds of work loss in the first year postpartum in SLE.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Risk of Adverse Outcomes Among Veterans Who Screen Positive for Traumatic Brain Injury in the Veterans Health Administration But Do Not Complete a Comprehensive Evaluation: A LIMBIC-CENC Study.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether post-9/11 veterans who screened positive for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) but did not complete a Comprehensive TBI Evaluation (CTBIE) were at higher risk of subsequent adverse events compared with veterans who screened positive and completed a CTBIE. Upon CTBIE completion, information assessed by a trained TBI clinician indicates whether there is mTBI history (mTBI+) or not (mTBI-).SETTING: Veterans Health Administration (VHA) outpatient services.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 52700 post-9/11 veterans who screened positive for TBI were included. The follow-up review period was between fiscal years 2008 and 2019. The 3 groups studied based on CTBIE completion and mTBI status were: (1) mTBI+ (48.6%), (2) mTBI- (17.8%), and (3) no CTBIE (33.7%).DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study. Log binomial and Poisson regression models adjusting for demographic, military, pre-TBI screening health, and VHA covariates examined risk ratios of incident outcomes based on CTBIE completion and mTBI status.MAIN MEASURES: Incident substance use disorders (SUDs), alcohol use disorder (AUD), opioid use disorder (OUD), overdose, and homelessness documented in VHA administrative records, and mortality as documented in the National Death Index, 3 years post-TBI screen. VHA outpatient utilization was also examined.RESULTS: Compared with the no CTBIE group, the mTBI+ group had 1.28 to 1.31 times the risk of incident SUD, AUD, and overdose, but 0.73 times the risk of death 3 years following TBI screening. The mTBI- group had 0.70 times the risk of OUD compared with the no CTBIE group within the same period. The no CTBIE group also had the lowest VHA utilization.CONCLUSIONS: There were mixed findings on risk of adverse events for the no CTBIE group relative to the mTBI+ and mTBI- groups. Future research is needed to explore the observed differences, including health conditions and healthcare utilization, documented outside VHA among veterans who screen positive for TBI.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Production technique and multi-analytical characterization of a paint-plastered ceiling from the Late Antique villa of Negrar (Verona, Italy)

Abstract: The research focuses on analyzing the production techniques and materials of a Roman paint-plastered ceiling from a Late Antique Roman villa near Negrar (Verona, Italy), recently uncovered. Stylistic features of the decoration, found in reworked collapse debris during the villa's excavation, date the ceiling to the original construction phase in the 4(th) century CE. The paper presents the protocol we adopted for recovering and analyzing the painted decoration of the villa, which was in-laboratory recomposed in its original layout after a meticulous and systematic retrieval of fragmented materials. Microsamples of mortar and pigment were then taken to fully reconstruct the execution technique and raw materials used in the paint-plastered ceiling, detailing the application of the tectorium and pigment preparation. Mortar samples were analyzed to define preparatory layer properties, using various analytical techniques including Transmitted-Light Polarized Optical Microscopy (TL-OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM-EDS). Optical reflected-light microscopy detected guide incisions on the preparatory mortar, while Reflected-Light Optical Microscopy (RL-OM) revealed the microstratigraphy of pictorial micro-layers. Micro-samplings of painted decorations were conducted to define pigment palettes, determining their mineralogical composition through X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) analysis coupled with micro-Raman analyses for the determination of carbon-based compounds. The research aims to establish a comprehensive protocol for future endeavors, integrating archaeological reassembly with precise micro-analyses of pigments and mortars, deciphering the intricate layout of ancient, fragmented decorations. This study is the first of its kind in Northern Italy, overcoming challenges posed by fragmented and reworked artifacts in previous research, enabling detailed analytical studies like those conducted here. Moreover, this study of the paint-plastered ceiling of the Late Roman villa of Negrar aims to provide a new impulse for the knowledge of Late Antique painting techniques and materials, which were only marginally considered within Roman painting tradition so far.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Trends in the mobility of primary healthcare human resources in underdeveloped regions of western China from 2000 to 2021: Evidence from Nanning.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to identify the fundamental and geographic characteristics of the primary healthcare personnel mobility in Nanning from 2000 to 2021 and clarify the determinants that affect their transition to non-primary healthcare institutions.METHODS: Through utilizing the Primary Healthcare Personnel Database (PHPD) for 2000-2021, the study conducts descriptive statistical analysis on demographic, economic, and professional aspects of healthcare personnel mobility across healthcare reform phases. Geographic Information Systems (QGIS) were used to map mobility patterns, and R software was employed to calculate spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I). Logistic regression identified factors that influenced the transition to non-primary institutions.RESULTS: Primary healthcare personnel mobility is divided into four phases: initial (2000-2008), turning point (2009-2011), rapid development (2012-2020), and decline (2021). The rapid development stage saw increased mobility with no spatial clustering in inflow and outflow. From 2016 to 2020, primary healthcare worker mobility reached its peak, in which the most significant movement occurred between township health centers and other institutions. Aside from their transition to primary medical institutions, the primary movement of grassroots health personnel predominantly directs towards secondary general hospitals, tertiary general hospitals, and secondary specialized hospitals. Since 2012, the number and mobility distance of primary healthcare workers have become noticeably larger and remained at a higher level from 2016 to 2020. The main migration of primary healthcare personnel occurred in their districts (counties). Key transition factors include gender, education, ethnicity, professional category, general practice registration, and administrative division.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of the features of primary healthcare personnel mobility in the less developed western regions of China, in which Nanning was taken as a case study. It uncovers the factors that impact the flow of primary healthcare personnel to non-primary healthcare institutions. These findings are helpful to policy refinement and support the retention of primary healthcare workers.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Land- and Skyscapes of Hegra: An Archaeoastronomical Analysis of the Nabataean Necropoleis

Abstract: The archaeological World Heritage Site of Hegra (Mada ' in Salih, Al-Hijr), in Saudi Arabia, is often considered the southern capital of the Nabataean Kingdom. Positioned just northeast of the AlUla Valley (where ancient Dadan is located), the Nabataeans recreated several aspects of their northern capital, Petra. They carved more than 130 tombs into the sandstone outcrops of which nearly a hundred had a monumental character with ornate facades of exceptional beauty and deep sense of enduring. In February 2023, our international, multidisciplinary research team conducted a field campaign in Hegra. Our objective was to measure the orientation of Nabataean tombs and sanctuaries in the area, which could offer new clues to aspects of Nabataean culture and religion that we had studied in earlier works at Petra, and elsewhere in Nabataea. This paper includes the analysis and interpretation of the data on the orientation of 113 tombs, including all monumental ones, the largest coherent set of Nabataean tombs ever analyzed. The results show that the tombs were not randomly orientated but followed a series of patterns, most probably emphasizing the skyscape, within the framework of the Nabataean lunisolar calendar religious festivals, and, on occasions, also the local landscape.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Modifier 22 Use in Fee-for-Service Medicare

Abstract: Importance Modifier 22 is a mechanism designed for surgeons to identify cases that are more complex than their Current Procedural Terminology code accounts for. However, empirical studies of the use and efficacy of modifier 22 are lacking. Objective To assess the use of modifier 22 in common surgical procedures and the association of use with compensation. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cross-sectional analysis of the 2021 Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary Limited Data Set including all Part B carrier and durable medical equipment fee-for-service claims. Claims for 10 common surgical procedures were evaluated, including mastectomy, total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, laparoscopic right colectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, kidney transplant, laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and lumbar laminectomy. Data were analyzed from August to November 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Rate of modifier 22 use, rate of claim denial, mean charges, mean payment for accepted claims, and mean payment for all claims. Results The sample included 625 316 surgical procedures performed in calendar year 2021. The proportion of modifier 22 coding for a procedure ranged from 5725 of 251 521 (2.3%) in total knee arthroplasty to 1566 of 18 459 (8.5%) in laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Submitted charges were 11.1% (95% CI, 9.1-13.2) to 22.8% (95% CI, 21.3-24.3) higher for claims with modifier 22, depending on the procedure. Among accepted claims, those with modifier 22 had increased payments ranging from 0.8% (95% CI, 0.7-1.0) to 4.8% (95% CI, 4.5-5.1). However, claims with modifier 22 were more likely to be denied (7.4% vs 4.0%; P < .001). As a result, overall mean payments were mixed, with 4 procedures having lower payments when modifier 22 was appended, 4 procedures having higher payments with modifier 22, and 2 procedures with no difference. The largest increase in mean payment for modifier 22 claims was for kidney transplant with an increased payment of $71.46 (95% CI, 55.32-87.60), which translates to a relative increase of 3.4% (95% CI, 2.9-4.6). Conclusions and Relevance The findings in this study suggest that modifier 22 had little to no financial benefit when appended to claims for a diverse panel of surgical procedures. In the current system, surgeons have little reason to request modifier 22, and no mechanisms currently exist for surgeons to recoup payment for difficult operations.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Remediation potential of an immobilized microbial consortium with corn straw as a carrier in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil.

Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread in soils and threaten human health seriously. The immobilized microorganisms (IM) technique is an effective and environmentally sound approach for remediating PAH-contaminated soil. However, the knowledge of the remedial efficiency and the way IM operates using natural organic materials as carriers in complex soil environments is limited. In this study, we loaded a functional microbial consortium on corn straw to analyze the effect of IM on PAH concentration and explore the potential remediation mechanisms of IM in PAH-contaminated soil. The findings revealed that the removal rate of total PAHs in the soil was 88.25% with the application of IM after 20 days, which was 39.25% higher than the control treatment, suggesting that IM could more easily degrade PAHs in soil. The findings from high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR revealed that the addition of IM altered the bacterial community structure and key components of the bacterial network, enhanced cooperative relationships among bacteria, and increased the abundance of bacteria and functional gene copies such as nidA and nahAc in the soil, ultimately facilitating the degradation of PAHs in the soil. This study enhances our understanding of the potential applications of IM for the treatment of PAH-contaminated soil.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Physiography, foraging mobility, and the first peopling of Sahul.

Abstract: The route and speed of migration into Sahul by Homo sapiens remain a major research question in archaeology. Here, we introduce an approach which models the impact of the physical environment on human mobility by combining time-evolving landscapes with Levy walk foraging patterns, this latter accounting for a combination of short-distance steps and occasional longer moves that hunter-gatherers likely utilised for efficient exploration of new environments. Our results suggest a wave of dispersal radiating across Sahul following riverine corridors and coastlines. Estimated migration speeds, based on archaeological sites and predicted travelled distances, fall within previously reported range from Sahul and other regions. From our mechanistic movement simulations, we then analyse the likelihood of archaeological sites and highlight areas in Australia that hold archaeological potential. Our approach complements existing methods and provides interesting perspectives on the Pleistocene archaeology of Sahul that could be applied to other regions around the world.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Evaluation of effectiveness of an art-based museum intervention in reducing loneliness among older adults (ArtGran): a quasi-experimental study.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Loneliness is a public health issue among older adults. We designed an intervention offering 10 sessions with diverse artistic methods (ArtGran). This study assessed the effectiveness of ArtGran in reducing loneliness and its negative effects on health in community-dwelling older adults in 2022 in Barcelona.STUDY DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study, with an intervention group (IG) and a comparison group (CG).METHODS: The sample included residents aged ≥70 years from 6 selected neighbourhoods of Barcelona. In each neighbourhood, an IG and a CG was formed with participants who reported loneliness and without special mobility needs. The participants were referred from primary care centres, social services, and community health centres. We included 138 participants (IG=63, CG=75). We collected data on loneliness, quality of life (QoL-5D), mood, and self-perceived health before and after the intervention through validated questionnaires. To assess the effect of the intervention, we built Poisson models with robust variance and linear regression models.RESULTS: At the end of the intervention, participants in the IG were more likely than those in the CG to be able to perform their usual activities without problems (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.45). Compared with the CG, participants in the IG attending more than half of the sessions had lower levels of loneliness (aPR=1.36; 95%CI: 1.07-1.73), a better ability to perform their usual activities (aPR [95%CI]=1.24 [1.05-1.48]), and higher happiness scores (beta=0.73; P=0.01).CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of the intervention was more pronounced when participants had high attendance. Our results suggest that high attendance of the ArtGran program was helpful in shielding older individuals from loneliness, fostering positive moods, and preserving their functional status.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Probabilistic evaluation of cultural soil heritage hazards in China from extremely imbalanced site investigation data using SMOTE-Gaussian process classification

Abstract: Cultural soil heritages (CSHs) are artifacts with historical, artistic, and scientific significance; however, they are vulnerable to various hazards, such as weathering, fractures, hollowing, collapses, and gullies. This is especially true for those CSHs exposed to the outdoors. Due to the large number of CSHs sites within China, managing and protecting these heritages with the aid of detailed on-site investigations is time-consuming and expensive. Consequently, evaluating the spatial distribution and degree of hazards developed in all these heritages becomes impractical. To address this issue, this paper developed a Gaussian process classification (GPC) method to predict the spatial distribution of typical hazards (i.e., weathering, fractures, hollowing, collapses, and gullies) and the development level of each hazard from eight environmental factors (e.g., annual relative humidity and annual sunshine time) and a limited number of investigation data. As the number of investigation data for different levels of each hazard is usually imbalanced and sparse, this study proposed a synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) with GPC to form the SMOTE-GPC method. A real-world example is used to illustrate this approach. Results from real-world data demonstrated that the proposed method achieved an F 1 score, precision, recall, and Cohen's kappa with values greater than 0.93 in both the training and testing datasets, indicating its good performance. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Hazard estimation in urban home garden soils in an industrial area using microarthropods, soil properties and GIS modelling: an integrated approach.

Abstract: The use of soil microarthropods as indicators of soil pollution in home gardens of an industrial area has been covered in this study. Soil samples were collected from 25 home gardens in three zones in Eloor during summer and North East monsoon from 2014 to 2018, for the study of soil microarthropods, soil properties, soil nutrients, and trace elements. The relationships among QBS-ar, microarthropod abundance, soil properties, and soil nutrients, were used to estimate the pollution hazard of the industrial area. The microarthropods present in the study area were Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diplopoda, and Araneae. A prominent study area feature was the absence of Collembola and Acari. The QBS-ar index score in these regions showed that the home gardens located adjacent to the industrial area showed low soil quality, with soil quality class values ranging from 1 to 2 throughout the study period. Discriminant analysis of soil nutrients with soil properties and microarthropod abundance showed that in Zone 1 and Zone 2, the data in 2018 was very well discriminated compared to other years. The hazard assessment in the Eloor region showed various levels of hazard zonation: Zone 1 with high-hazard and medium-hazard areas, Zone 2 with medium-hazard areas, and Zone 3 with low- and medium-hazard areas. The study is one of the first kinds that have used QBS-ar scores and soil properties along with soil nutrients and trace elements for estimating the level of hazard in home garden agroecosystems and thus points to an easy, simple, and practical approach in the monitoring and management of soil ecosystems.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

High Variability of Body Mass Index Is Independently Associated With Incident Heart Failure.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a serious condition with increasing prevalence, high morbidity, and increased mortality. Obesity is an established risk factor for HF. Fluctuation in body mass index (BMI) has shown a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated the association between BMI variability and incident HF.METHODS AND RESULTS: In the UK Biobank, we established a prospective cohort after excluding participants with prevalent HF or cancer at enrollment. A total of 99368 White participants with ≥3 BMI measures during >2years preceding enrollment were included, with a median follow-up of 12.5years. The within-participant variability of BMI was evaluated using standardized SD and coefficient of variation. The association of BMI variability with incident HF was assessed using Fine and Gray's competing risk model, adjusting for confounding factors and participant-specific rate of BMI change. Higher BMI variability measured in both SD and coefficient of variation was significantly associated with higher risk in HF incidence (SD: hazard ratio [HR], 1.05 [95% CI, 1.03-1.08], P<0.0001; coefficient of variation: HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.04-1.10], P<0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal health records capture BMI fluctuation, which independently predicts HF incidence.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Navigating AI unpredictability: Exploring technostress in AI-powered healthcare systems

Abstract: The adoption of AI-powered systems in healthcare has revolutionized the field by introducing autonomous diagnostics and predictions, though it remains a source of debate due to its disruptive nature. This research utilizes the holistic model of stress to empirically examine the effects of six techno-stressors on both techno-eustress and techno-distress among users in the healthcare sector. Data for this research was collected from 224 participants through an e-survey distributed across diverse sources. The findings reveal intriguing insights, highlighting the emergence of techno-unpredictability as a potential new techno-stressor within the context of AI-powered systems in healthcare. With this newfound understanding, healthcare specialists and organizations can stay one step ahead, better equipped to address and navigate the complexities of emerging stressors for enhanced well-being, patient care and safety.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Moss as a passive biomonitoring tool for the atmospheric deposition and spatial distribution pattern of toxic metals in an industrial city.

Abstract: Anthropogenic pollution impacts human and environmental health, climate change, and air quality. Karabuk, an industrial area from the Black Sea Region in northern Turkiye, is vulnerable to environmental pollution, particularly soil and air. In this research on methodological aspects, we analyzed the concentrations of six potential toxic metals in the atmospheric deposition of the city using the passive method of moss biomonitoring. The ground-growing terrestrial moss, Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., was collected during the dry season of August 2023 at 20 urban points. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Co were determined in mosses by the ICP-MS method. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to evaluate the status and variance in the spatial distribution of the studied metals, and multivariate analysis, Pearson correlation, and cluster analysis were used to investigate the associations of elements and discuss the most probable sources of these elements in the study area. Cd and Co showed positive and significant inter-element correlations (r>0.938), representing an anthropogenic association mostly present in the air particles emitted from several metal plants. The results showed substantial impacts from local industry, manufactured activity, and soil dust emissions. Steel and iron smelter plants and cement factories are the biggest emitters of trace metals in the Karabuk area and the primary sources of Cr, Cd, Ni, and Co deposition.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Wavelet scattering transform and entropy features in fluorescence spectral signal analysis for cervical cancer diagnosis.

Abstract: Cervical cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor within the female reproductive system and is regarded as a prominent cause of female mortality on a global scale. Timely and precise detection of various phases of cervical cancer holds the potential to substantially enhance both the rate of successful treatment and the duration of patient survival. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a highly sensitive method for detecting the biochemical changes that arise during cancer progression. In our study, fluorescence spectral data is collected from a diverse group of 110 subjects. The potential of the scattering transform technique for the purpose of cancer detection is explored. The processed signal undergoes an initial decomposition into scattering coefficients using the wavelet scattering transform (WST). Subsequently, the scattering coefficients are subjected to computation for fuzzy entropy, dispersion entropy, phase entropy, and spectral entropy, for effectively characterizing the fluorescence spectral signals. These combined features generated through the proposed approach are then fed to 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier to classify them into normal, pre-cancerous, and cancerous categories, thereby evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. We obtained mean classification accuracy of 97% using 5-fold cross-validation. This demonstrates the potential of combining WST and entropic features for analyzing fluorescence spectroscopy signals using 1D CNN classifier that enables early cancer detection in contrast to prevailing diagnostic methods.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Revolutionary Enclosures (Until the Apricots)

Abstract: Jasbir K. Puar and Dima Srouji build upon their respective work in architecture, visual art and decolonial theory to produce a collaborative examination of colonial pathologies for Sharjah Art Biennial 15, 2023. Srouji's architecture and art practice encompass a variety of mediums that allow her to explore notions of heritage and public space in Palestine and the region. Puar is a writer and scholar whose current work focuses on settler colonial violence, disability and debility in Palestine. Their collaborative installations integrate understandings of space and planning with the contemporary politics of resistance in the context of Palestine and the surrounding region.At Sharjah Art Biennial 15, Puar and Srouji present 'Revolutionary Enclosures (Until the Apricots)' (2023), a series of household items that respond to the material conditions of lockdown, interweaving the artists' experiences of COVID-19 quarantine in Palestine and their memories of the Second Intifada (2000-2005), a major Palestinian uprising against Israel. The project reframes everyday objects emblematic of the trauma of enclosure for Palestinians as transformative matter and reservoirs of affective practices of resilience, community and caregiving: hoarded cans of tuna form the constituent parts of a radiator signifying warmth; resin apricots evoke the exchange of sustenance among neighbours; shrapnel becomes decorative wallpaper motifs; a stairwell used as shelter from air raids transforms into a communal reading space. Exploring the collective rhythms and materialities of these conditions, Srouji and Puar conjure the everyday making and remaking of the commons through and against the constraints of siege and containment.The conversation published here took place between March and September 2023, and thus predates the latest phase in the catastrophic violence that has historically defined Israel's relationship to Palestine and the Palestinians. Triggered by an unprecedented and shocking attack by Hamas on 7 October, Israel's genocidal military campaign in Gaza is not an anomaly, but in line with and part and parcel of the systematic ethnic cleansing of the Palestinians and the Apartheid system that the settler colonial state of Israel has relied on for its sustenance since 1948. The questions asked here by Maasri and Toukan, as well as the artworks discussed by Jasbir and Srouji, probe aspects of this very condition that has brought us to the unabashed genocidal violence we are now all witness to today.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Seasonal exploitation of intertidal resources at El Mazo (N Iberia) reveals optimized human subsistence strategies during the Mesolithic in Atlantic Europe

Abstract: Over the last few decades, research has significantly enhanced our understanding of the role played by shellfish in human subsistence during the Mesolithic period along the Atlantic coast of Europe. Instrumental to this advance has been the analysis of stable oxygen isotope measurements (delta 18O) from mollusc shells, which offers valuable insights into the seasonality of shellfish exploitation. The delta 18O values serve as reliable indicators of past seasonal seawater temperature variations experienced by the molluscs, enabling us to accurately determine the time of year when past humans collected them. Recent studies using this approach have successfully identified seasonal exploitation patterns of the topshell Phorcus lineatus (da Costa, 1778) in Atlantic Europe. However, uncertainties remain regarding the exploitation schedule of Patella depressa Pennant 1777, one of the most abundantly collected species in Mesolithic sites. Here we used shell delta 18O values of P. depressa from the Mesolithic sites of El Mazo (Northern Iberia) to determine its seasonality of exploitation. Our study reveals that P. depressa was prevalently exploited during colder months. Modern specimens of the same limpet species were also collected during two annual cycles to assess potential seasonal changes in meat yield return. Results obtained has profound implications for better understanding how last coastal foragers managed available littoral resources throughout the year.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Serogroup B Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Older Adults Identified by Genomic Surveillance, England, 2022-2023.

Abstract: We report a cluster of serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease identified via genomic surveillance in older adults in England and describe the public health responses. Genomic surveillance is critical for supporting public health investigations and detecting the growing threat of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis infections in older adults.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Phthalocyanine blue leaching and exposure effects on Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacteria) of photoaged microplastics

Abstract: Light -stabilizing additives may contribute to the overall pollution load of microplastics (MPs) and potentially enter the food chain, severely threatening aquatic life and human health. This study investigated the variation between polystyrene (PS) MPs and phthalocyanine blue (CuPC)-containing MPs before and after photoaging, as well as their effects on Microcystis aeruginosa. The presence of PS -MPs increased cell mortality, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the variation in extracellular components, while the presence of CuPC exacerbated these variations. CuPC-containing MPs caused different increasing trends in superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde activities due to electron transfer across the membrane. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the MPs and CuPC affected various cellular processes, with the greatest impact being on cell membranes. Compared with MPs, CuPC negatively affected ribosome and polysaccharide formation. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular response to MPs and their associated light -stabilizer pollution and imply the necessity for mitigating the pollution of both MPs and light -stabilizers.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Effect of Tracheostomy Training using Mannequin-Based Simulation and Smartphone Application on Self-Efficacy and Anxiety of Caregivers.

Abstract: Inefficient education is a cause of anxiety and low self-efficacy among caregivers, especially for those caring for patients with tracheostomy. This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the outcomes of tracheostomy care education by mannequin-based simulation and smartphone application. The participants were 126 primary caregivers of tracheostomy patients being discharged home from hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The control group received routine care. Caregiver self-efficacy was assessed using the Caregiver Inventory and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale prior to the education and 1 month after. There were significant differences among the three groups regarding the mean scores of self-efficacy and anxiety. There was a significant increase in self-efficacy (P ≤ .0001) and a significant decrease in anxiety (P ≤ .0001) scores after the intervention. The intergroup comparison showed a significant difference between the intervention groups and the control group in terms of changes in the anxiety and self-efficacy scores of caregivers (P < .001).

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Vagueness and volume: Testing the perception of depth in images with linear, sharp, or blurred contours.

Abstract: In European painting, a transition took place where artists started to consciously introduce blurred or soft contours in their works. There may have been several reasons for this. One suggestion in art historical literature is that this may have been done to create a stronger sense of volume in the depicted figuresor objects. Here we describe four experiments in which we tried to test whether soft or blurred contours do indeed enhance a sense volume or depth. In the first three experiments, we found that, for both paintings and abstract shapes, three dimensionality was actually decreased instead of increased for blurred (and line) contours, in comparison with sharp contours. In the last experiment, we controlled for the position of the blur (on the lit or dark side) and found that blur on the lit side evoked a stronger impression of three dimensionality. Overall, the experiments robustly show that an art historical conjecture that a blurred contour increases three dimensionality is not granted. Because the blurred contours can be found in many established art works such as from Leonardo and Vermeer, there must be other rationales behind this use than the creation of a stronger sense of volume or depth.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Beyond predict and provide: Embracing sufficiency synergies in road freight electrification across the European Union

Abstract: The challenge of aligning with the net-zero ambitions of the European Union necessitates a critical examination of the road freight transport sector, a pivotal contributor to global commerce and greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the sector's potential for electrification to mitigate emissions, the prevailing 'predict and provide' planning approach may inadvertently reduce this low-carbon transition to mere technological substitution, neglecting deeper intrinsic transport issues. This perspective critiques the 'predict and provide' approach and advocates for the adoption of 'sufficiency-oriented planning'. It presents a comprehensive, interconnected approach, challenging not only the technology in use but also the foundational principles of transport demand. Furthermore, it explores the broader implications of this multi-system transition for the energy sector. The perspective consequently underscores the necessity of a paradigm shift in planning for road freight transport electrification for the sector to genuinely contribute to sustainability objectives and not risk diminishing the transformative potential of this transition.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Factors influencing the increased 90Sr radioisotope migration in highly alkaline groundwater at Chornobyl NPP site.

Abstract: This paper analyses the formation of high Sr2+ concentration in strong alkaline (pH=9.5-12.5) groundwater using data of the 27 years of observations around the destroyed Chernobyl NPP Unit 4. It appears that the formation of strong alkaline groundwater in different monitoring wells is consistent with the distribution of 90Sr, pH and main ions. The reason for the increase in 90Sr concentrations is the process of its migration from the sources of contamination - leaks of highly active water localized in certain premises inside the Shelterobject. These computational experiments showed that for the groundwater in pH range 9.5-12.4, the concentration of strontium in the form of SrOH+increases and in the form of Sr2+ - decreases. In addition, the fraction of 90Sr in the form of a soluble neutral complex compound SrCO30, which is not sorbed, reaches 14-35%. Increased fractions of 90Sr in forms of SrOH+ and SrCO3 are factors which reduce the isotope ability to be sorbed by soils and therefore increase its migration ability. In strongly alkaline groundwater a sharp increase in 90Sr volumetric activity may also be caused by ionic strength (IS) increase above 5mmol/L. Thus, the factors that influence the increase in 90Sr volumetric activity in strongly alkaline groundwater are the formation of its complex compounds and an increase in ionic strength (IS), which reduces the thickness of the double electric layer and, as a result, reduces the sorption capacity of soils.

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.

Caress the pharaoh. The tactile reproduction of Ramses II's mummy in the Sapienza University Museum of the Near East, Egypt and Mediterranean

Abstract: The goal of the project accounted in the present article was to produce a perfect replica of the mummy of Pharaoh Ramses II with organic and sustainable materials and to let it be displayed without a showcase and even touched by visitors in a museum. The replica was produced by an integrated team of experts through 3D modeling and handcraft. The mummy was the core of the exhibition entitled The mummy of Ramses. The immortal pharaoh visited by more than 50 0 0 people for four months (68 opening days). The interaction of visitors with the touchable embalmed body was thus studied, as well as the preservation state of the recreated mummified skin. The results of such an experience are illustrated hereby. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )

Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else.