audio audio | sentence string |
|---|---|
<|0.00|>And the faster it freezes,
the smaller the grains<|2.56|><|2.56|>are going to be.<|3.50|><|3.50|>And then, the smaller your
pore size are going to be.<|5.98|><|5.98|>So you can control that.<|7.30|><|15.04|>The type 1 collagen is
mixed with acetic acid.<|17.76|> | |
<|0.00|>you're going to be writing down.<|2.96|><|2.96|>If you want to prove this
in general for f of n,<|5.58|><|5.58|>it's a little bit technical
to have to deal with it.<|8.52|><|8.52|>And I'm going to have to refer
you to the book on that one.<|11.16|><|11.16|>The book tells you how solve
this for a general f of n.... | |
<|0.00|>and then selection, so in fact, let me repeat<|4.00|><|4.00|>that, I didn’t say it very well. So<|8.00|><|8.00|>there’s two different mechanisms in evolution, one I would call<|12.00|><|12.00|>Darwinian. The Darwinian one is<|16.00|><|16.00|>small changes accumulating, and then you get something that bifurcates... | |
<|0.00|>And it's going to upper bound
it for all values beyond some x.<|4.92|><|4.92|>So for all values
beyond some x--<|8.34|><|8.34|>some number on the x-axis,
some crossover point,<|11.60|><|11.60|>this big O of g--<|13.84|><|13.84|>this g will always
be bigger than my f.<|17.04|><|17.04|>That's the idea here.<|18.6... | |
<|0.00|>You've got all kinds of reflected noise.<|2.68|><|2.68|>And wind tunnels are notoriously conservative
relative to boundary layer transition.<|8.18|><|8.18|>But, amazingly, the turbulent heating correlated
quite well.<|15.18|><|17.06|>And that even works with normal shock Reynolds
numbers.<|19.68|><|19.68|>I mea... | |
<|0.00|>involving testing if a
grammar generates a string.<|6.28|><|6.28|>So you remember
this A CFG problem?<|8.22|><|8.22|>You're giving a grammar,
context-free grammar,<|11.88|><|11.88|>and a string.<|12.76|><|12.76|>And I want to know, is it in
the language of the grammar.<|16.46|><|16.46|>So that's going to turn o... | |
<|0.00|>And that's the Achilles' heel, I view, of
the Shuttle Program.<|10.02|><|10.02|>If you're not going to do it right, whether
you cannot afford to do it right or you have<|15.12|><|15.12|>other ambitions, you want to do something
else in the Space Program or within NASA,<|21.38|><|21.38|>you probably ought to sto... | |
<|0.00|>I see things we could have done differently
on the Shuttle today if we really practiced<|4.82|><|4.82|>a true systems engineering process.<|6.28|><|6.28|>It is very difficult to do because you can
stay in this systems engineering loop a long<|12.10|><|12.10|>time and not get anything done.<|14.68|><|14.68|>Ther... | |
<|0.00|>We can use for loops to
keep track of how many times<|5.32|><|5.32|>we're going through a loop.<|6.62|><|6.62|>And in this
particular case, we're<|8.54|><|8.54|>writing a program that
sums all the values<|11.44|><|11.44|>from 0 all the way up to but not
including whatever is in here.<|16.86|><|16.86|>So how are... | |
<|0.00|>sensors of oxygen.<|1.52|><|1.56|>And, if you're making up cabin gas, you have
to make a choice as to whether you want nitrogen<|8.52|><|9.16|>or oxygen.<|10.36|><|10.38|>And that choice is made by this system and
a simple on/off valve.<|14.96|><|15.00|>There is no sophisticated control system.<|17.00|><|17.04|... | |
<|0.00|>And I was a little hesitant at first, but
then the more I thought about it, it's given<|9.16|><|9.16|>me a good opportunity to go back and kind
of recount some of the highlights and the<|17.88|><|17.88|>low points in the program.<|19.70|><|19.70|>It was some 30 years ago for me.<|22.52|><|22.52|>So, there is so... | |
<|0.00|>of a rule as a substitution
for that variable.<|7.52|><|7.52|>And so-- like, for example,
if you have an S in the thing<|10.64|><|10.64|>you've written down, you can
substitute for that S a 0S1.<|14.60|><|17.36|>Or you could substitute for that
S an R. Or if you have an R,<|20.30|><|20.30|>you can substitute fo... | |
<|0.00|>Now, when you put in the effects of real viscosity
and everything else there is a little variation.<|7.00|><|7.36|>But first order is the behavior that we are
looking for.<|11.20|><|11.20|>And that I will illustrate now.<|15.28|><|15.28|>If we go into a wind tunnel and we measure,
well, let's just basically go ... | |
<|0.00|>because you have to do the same
kind of counting that you would<|2.62|><|2.62|>have had to do for language
B. But here you'll be--<|6.16|><|6.16|>you would be wrong, because
C, in fact, is regular.<|9.42|><|14.64|>It has a much
simpler description<|18.14|><|18.14|>than the one I gave over
here at the beginning.... | |
<|0.00|>We are ready to start her, folks.<|6.32|><|6.32|>Bob Siemens is really a very pivotal person,
not only in the Space Shuttle story, but also<|12.20|><|12.20|>in the Apollo Program, which he can probably
talk to you at a separate time.<|15.80|><|15.80|>But I think he will like to spend ten or fifteen
minutes talk... | |
<|0.00|>And Fred Hayes and I got the odd numbered
flights, one, three and five.<|4.98|><|4.98|>Five more post-flight parties.<|6.40|><|6.40|>And then we decided we were ready to go.<|13.00|><|13.00|>Well, this is the last of the captive-active
flights.<|15.66|><|15.66|>The scheme by which we plan to get off of
here and... | |
<|0.00|>It's also true that our
conceptual interpretation of<|3.22|><|3.22|>what an expectation means is
also valid in this case.<|6.92|><|6.92|>That is, if you repeat an
experiment a zillion times,<|10.88|><|10.88|>each time drawing an independent
sample of your<|13.20|><|13.20|>random variable x, in the long
run, the... | |
<|0.00|>OK?<|2.24|><|2.24|>Other questions?<|4.12|><|4.12|>So don't forget, the
test covers everything<|6.28|><|6.28|>from the thermal
conductivity of the foams,<|10.92|><|10.92|>it covers the stuff on
trabecular bone, sandwich<|14.16|><|14.16|>panels, and then, the
energy absorption stuff.<|18.08|><|18.08|>Yeah?<|20.8... | |
<|0.00|>We were trying to estimate that.<|4.78|><|4.78|>Given that we only had IMU data with noise
and quantization effects, we also had flexure<|9.22|><|9.22|>we weren't accounting for in doing that.<|13.08|><|13.08|>So we had a low rate filter which incorporated
the measurements directly and a higher rate<|18.42|><|1... | |
<|0.00|>is a sequence of these
dominoes, so it's ti1, ti2.<|6.08|><|6.08|>Well, it's i1 is
the first domino,<|8.84|><|8.84|>i2 is the second
domino and so on.<|11.34|><|11.34|>And then what
you're going to have<|13.08|><|13.08|>is all the top strings
concatenated together<|17.86|><|17.86|>is exactly the same as what yo... | |
<|0.00|>That's one operation.<|1.50|><|1.50|>And then assigning that back to
total is my second operation.<|8.28|><|8.28|>So that's two operations there.<|10.68|><|10.68|>And that's it.<|12.34|><|12.34|>But notice our for loop.<|15.66|><|15.66|>These three operations
here-- the one for assigning<|19.24|><|19.24|>i to b... | |
<|0.00|>So the next thing
is I want to show<|1.46|><|1.46|>you some stress-strain
curves for wood.<|3.32|><|3.32|>And you'll see how similar
they are to the honeycombs<|5.52|><|5.52|>that we looked at before.<|7.02|><|7.02|>And then we'll look at how
the cells are deforming<|10.12|><|10.12|>as they're getting loaded.<|... | |
<|0.00|>basically.<|0.54|><|0.54|>So we're going to add to
it the Boston temperature.<|3.00|><|3.00|>So this is all the plotting
commands and all the labels<|5.80|><|5.80|>and everything after it belong
to this top subplot here.<|9.90|><|9.90|>And then subplot command
down here tells Python<|13.12|><|13.12|>that on thi... | |
<|0.00|>If this is bigger than
x, then the needle<|3.12|><|3.12|>intersects the line.<|4.92|><|4.92|>So the event of interest, that
the needle intersects the<|7.86|><|7.86|>line, is described this way
in terms of x and theta.<|12.72|><|12.72|>And now that we have the event
of interest described<|16.16|><|16.16|>mathema... | |
<|0.00|>Normally, when you
think of a body,<|2.48|><|2.48|>you think of the bones
being symmetrical.<|4.44|><|4.44|>But those bones are
not symmetrical,<|5.96|><|5.96|>and those bones are
near where the ear is.<|8.84|><|8.84|>And it turns out on owls,
at least on some owls,<|11.32|><|11.32|>the ears are at different
he... | |
<|0.00|>the shuttle.<|2.90|><|2.90|>We thought we had enough space-based hardware
that we could do quick turnarounds and handle<|12.78|><|12.78|>it more like an airplane.<|15.94|><|15.94|>But NASA and these groups didn't really properly
account for the costs associated with post-flight<|25.58|> | |
<|0.00|>So when we're doing union,
you want either one of these<|2.30|><|2.30|>to be accepting.<|3.28|><|3.28|>And the nondeterminism
just is built<|6.86|><|6.86|>conveniently to allow us to
do the union almost for free.<|13.28|><|13.28|>So you can again, thinking
about nondeterminism<|16.46|><|16.46|>as terms of
paral... | |
<|0.00|>And so, those were the people you might say
that really had an effect on my systems engineering<|7.00|><|10.80|>thought process.<|12.72|><|12.72|>The other thing I want to talk about with
you today is you heard a lot of people talk<|18.56|><|18.56|>that I would class as subsystem managers.<|23.40|><|23.40|>You ... | |
<|0.00|>notation actually means.<|1.44|><|1.44|>So when we have-- so everything
in Python is an object.<|4.98|><|4.98|>And when we have
objects in Python,<|8.24|><|8.24|>the idea here is that the
objects that you have have data<|14.28|><|14.28|>associated with them.<|15.52|><|15.52|>So what makes up the object.<|17.80|... | |
<|0.00|>Well the number of your data is
large, then we know, from<|4.88|><|4.88|>the law of large numbers, that
theta hat is a pretty good<|7.68|><|7.68|>estimate of theta.<|8.94|><|8.94|>So sigma hat is going to be a
pretty good estimate of sigma.<|12.48|><|12.48|>So we're not making large errors
by using this approac... | |
<|0.00|>So if I have two lists
that I'm trying to merge,<|3.30|><|3.30|>the idea was that you look
at the first element of each,<|6.00|><|6.00|>right?<|6.52|><|6.52|>So first the 1
and the 2 compared<|8.44|><|8.44|>means the 1 is smaller,
so it goes into my result.<|11.68|><|11.68|>The 5 and the 2 gets
compared, the 2 ... | |
<|0.00|>and say I pick a
unit cell like this,<|2.52|><|2.52|>and I say that the
bulk stress produces<|7.48|><|7.48|>a load of p on the
top and p over 2<|10.52|><|10.52|>at each of the
bottom nodes there,<|12.66|><|12.66|>then the force in each member is
going to be proportional to p.<|15.44|> | |
<|0.00|>thing here?<|1.26|><|2.72|>Voltage.<|3.88|><|3.96|>This is a voltage. This is a voltage.<|6.08|><|6.08|>IR is a voltage. So this behaves like a voltage.<|9.38|><|12.02|>And<|12.98|><|12.98|>it behaves like some voltage,<|15.14|><|16.94|>So, notice that as far as this current i is concerned,<|20.94|><|27.44|>As ... | |
<|0.00|>So that's what this
num%2 is doing,<|2.82|><|2.82|>it's either getting a 0 or a 1.<|4.38|><|4.38|>So the remainder when
we divide 19 by 2 is 1.<|10.20|><|10.20|>And we're going to
prepend, so we're<|12.48|><|12.48|>casting this one
integer to a string<|15.08|><|15.08|>and prepending it to this
result, which is ... | |
<|0.00|>the capital Ni's.<|3.04|><|3.04|>In fact we can make an
approximation here.<|5.88|><|5.88|>Capital Ni is a binomial
random variable.<|9.42|><|9.42|>Let's say the number of 1's that
I got in little N rolls<|16.00|><|16.00|>off my die.<|17.28|><|17.28|>So that's a binomial
random variable.<|19.50|><|19.50|>When l... | |
<|0.00|>force our way through all
the possible combinations<|2.46|><|2.46|>of scores.<|4.02|><|4.02|>So in basketball,
you can make a basket<|6.06|><|6.06|>that's worth 1 point,
2 points, or 3 points.<|8.10|><|8.10|>So you can think about all
the possible combinations<|10.26|><|10.26|>you can make to give
you some scor... | |
<|0.00|>is to try to give you
the idea up front.<|4.18|><|4.18|>What we're going to do, since
we're a little short on time,<|6.64|><|6.64|>what we're going to do
is, suppose I tell you,<|13.12|><|13.12|>there are, in this graph,
100 nodes reachable from s.<|18.28|><|18.28|>So c is 100.<|19.92|><|19.92|>There's 100 reac... | |
<|0.00|>you can see what the
output of the machine is.<|4.32|><|4.32|>All right.<|4.90|><|4.90|>So let's describe
a different way<|10.42|><|10.42|>of defining this
labeling without just<|13.84|><|13.84|>looking at the path.<|16.20|><|16.20|>Well, it's going to capture
exactly the same thing.<|18.36|> | |
<|0.00|>And the kind of
reduction that we're<|2.06|><|2.06|>going to be looking at here
are the mapping reductions,<|4.56|><|4.56|>but now where the reductions are
computable in polynomial time.<|8.98|><|8.98|>And so we had this
result we mentioned<|11.70|><|11.70|>last time, that, if A is
polynomial time reducible to ... | |
<|0.00|>The initial speed will be 30 for the right
and 10 for the left.<|7.66|><|7.66|>I'll have them each have mass 8.<|11.66|><|11.66|>OK, this will make it a lot simpler.<|13.66|><|13.66|>OK, we'll do setup.<|15.74|><|16.18|>And now what happens is
these molecules start moving.<|20.44|><|22.20|>I've set the initial ... | |
<|0.00|>this is what I get.<|1.72|><|4.00|>And<|4.88|><|4.88|>then<|5.88|><|6.68|>no matter how much I<|8.72|><|9.30|>my switch stays on and<|11.60|><|11.60|>the<|12.60|><|12.92|>output follows a zero volts at the output. So this is my<|17.44|><|17.44|>V in versus V out curve for the inverter.<|21.02|><|25.60|>One of t... | |
<|0.00|>get to pick which variables?<|2.58|><|2.58|>And the way it works
is the Exist player<|4.80|><|4.80|>is going to assign values
to the Exist variables.<|8.32|><|8.32|>So Exist will pick x1 and
x3 and assign them values.<|13.88|><|13.88|>The For All player is
going to assign values<|17.86|><|17.86|>to the variable... | |
<|0.00|>So we need to know what the
data looks like in order<|2.16|><|2.16|>to read the file in.<|3.12|><|3.12|>And again, we're going to
be interested in extracting<|8.78|><|8.78|>certain parts of it.<|9.72|><|9.72|>For the particular analysis
I'm going to do next,<|13.34|><|13.34|>I'm actually only interested
in the ... | |
<|0.00|>by one, which takes you from the
start node to the target node.<|6.68|><|6.68|>You're not going to write down
that whole sequence in advance<|9.40|><|9.40|>because that cost you way
too much space to write down.<|13.32|><|13.32|>The only space that
you're going to use<|15.00|><|15.00|>is to remember the current... | |
<|0.00|>incidence mirrors to an accuracy of on the
order of angstroms.<|5.20|><|5.20|>And that is pretty small.<|8.94|><|8.94|>Can we measure that?<|10.08|><|10.08|>The answer is no.<|11.50|><|11.50|>At the time, we couldn't even measure how
accurately we needed to polish the mirrors.<|17.20|><|17.20|>So that tells you... | |
<|0.00|>I moved on before I
answered this question.<|2.82|><|2.82|>Can I explain part two
of the proof again?<|4.84|><|4.84|>Part two?<|5.70|><|5.70|>OK, let's just do it.<|6.80|><|10.22|>If something runs in a
certain amount of space,<|12.64|><|12.64|>you have to just think about how
many different configurations<|15.... | |
<|0.00|>This is what's
next on the agenda,<|6.44|><|6.44|>proving that NL equals coNL.<|8.86|><|8.86|>This is a hard proof.<|9.98|><|13.20|>I'm going to try to break
it down as much as I can.<|15.76|><|15.76|>And let's hope you get--<|20.02|><|22.52|>I hope you get it.<|24.06|><|24.06|>I'll try to be as
helpful as I ca... | |
<|0.00|>in international politics especially
between the East and the West during the<|3.64|><|4.22|>Cold War.<|5.74|><|4.94|>and its main question is under what
conditions<|7.94|><|8.02|>will cooperation emerge in a world of
egoist<|11.06|><|11.94|>without central authority. This remains<|15.72|><|16.02|>of course an ... | |
<|0.00|>So the process for this is
going to make use of this thing<|5.20|><|5.20|>that we just saw, which is,
I want you to first save<|7.80|><|7.80|>the list as is into a copy.<|10.44|><|10.44|>And then at the end
of last lecture,<|12.36|><|12.36|>we saw a way for us
to mutate a list,<|15.08|><|15.08|>to empty it out ... | |
<|0.00|>a few very beautiful, elegant equations, like Newton’s<|4.00|><|4.00|>laws for the conservation of momentum, or the Maxwell field<|8.00|><|8.00|>equations for electromagnetism, and so forth.<|12.00|><|12.00|>And you can explain a huge amount of empirical data<|16.00|><|16.00|>when it comes to the genome, or the... | |
<|0.00|>variable X. After that point if
you're asked to produce a<|4.40|><|4.40|>best estimate Theta hat that
minimizes this mean squared<|10.04|><|10.04|>error, your best estimate
would be the conditional<|12.92|><|12.92|>expectation given the specific
value that you have observed.<|17.80|><|17.80|>These two statement... | |
<|0.00|>A flight rule on the books says if we lose
all communication between a station and a<|4.16|><|4.16|>shuttle the crew must land within 24 hours.<|8.54|><|8.54|>And we keep updated with just enough information
so that they know where to land without communication.<|14.20|><|14.20|>That is part of the news you get... | |
<|0.00|>There are various levels of decompression
sickness anywhere from just a mild tingling<|7.00|><|7.64|>of the skin to joint pain to phase three DCS
where you get central nervous system impairment<|14.64|><|16.00|>which can actually cause death, so you don't
want to mess around with it.<|23.00|><|26.90|>People ref... | |
<|0.00|>So we're going to--
the library we're<|2.30|><|2.30|>going to do to use
is called matplotlib.<|5.40|><|5.40|>And it's the most basic
plotting visualization library<|9.06|><|9.06|>that we can have.<|10.32|><|10.32|>And the way that we
bring it into our code,<|12.80|><|12.80|>just like we have in
the past few lec... | |
<|0.00|>just because of the
orientation of the brain.<|3.36|><|3.36|>And so I've put the factor
of 2 that accounts for that.<|6.44|><|6.44|>So then I could say
the deceleration<|7.92|><|7.92|>that the woodpecker
can take is twice<|10.26|><|10.26|>the ratio of the radii of the
human and the woodpecker brain,<|13.40|><|1... | |
<|0.00|>There is a fundamental principle in the development
of space systems, test-as-you-fly.<|7.00|><|7.56|>You all know that.<|9.52|><|9.52|>I hope you all know that.<|12.24|><|12.24|>This test should have been done at the beginning
of the Shuttle Program.<|17.28|><|17.28|>It was not done.<|20.96|><|20.96|>And the r... | |
<|0.00|>I would like to point out that in the organizing
teams, a key important feature of that is<|7.00|><|13.88|>to have that systems engineer who is organizing
the team and setting up the meetings to know<|16.02|><|16.02|>why and who should be attending.<|16.76|><|16.76|>I attended a number of Space Station meetings... | |
<|0.00|>There are thousands of measurements associated
with those requirements.<|4.56|><|4.56|>And most of the looking at those measurements
is done by computers, obviously.<|10.16|><|10.16|>But you have the engineer involved because
if it is not within limits you turn to the<|16.88|><|16.88|>engineer for what is wrong... | |
<|0.00|>of satisfying assignments
when I've preset x1 to 0.<|3.92|><|7.36|>Similarly, if I preset the first
i variables to some values and<|13.36|><|13.36|>then I take--<|14.04|><|14.04|>I want to take how
many satisfying<|17.14|><|17.14|>assignments subject to those
presets, I write it this way.<|21.90|><|21.90|>So I'... | |
<|0.00|>electric saw.<|1.38|><|1.38|>And the reason you pay carpenters $80 an hour in the.<|5.04|><|5.04|>Boston region is because they know which tools to use<|6.92|><|6.92|>for what<|8.14|><|8.72|>job. So what<|10.34|><|10.34|>we will do today<|11.60|><|11.92|>is,<|13.10|><|14.76|>so this was one process of discretiz... | |
<|0.00|>known as child classes,
those sub-classes<|2.76|><|2.76|>use a parent's attributes.<|4.52|><|4.52|>So everything that a
parent has and can do,<|6.64|><|6.64|>a child has and can do as well.<|8.76|><|8.76|>But that child can override
certain parent's behaviors.<|13.08|><|13.08|>And the child can add new
behavior... | |
<|0.00|>theta1 times variance of X. And
since I'm assuming that my<|5.28|><|5.28|>random variables have 0 mean,
and I'm also assuming that W<|9.02|><|9.02|>is independent of X this last
term also has 0 mean.<|14.28|><|14.28|>So under such a probabilistic
model this equation is true.<|21.32|><|21.32|>If we knew the vari... | |
<|0.00|>to end with the
machine accepting.<|4.56|><|4.56|>OK.<|5.38|><|5.38|>Somebody's asking, what
does it mean for match<|8.06|><|8.06|>to correspond to a
computation history?<|10.08|><|10.08|>You'll see.<|11.00|><|11.00|>That's going to be
on my next slide.<|12.48|><|17.16|>Oh.<|17.66|><|17.66|>So this is a good qu... | |
<|0.00|>one and from that middle one
to the lower one within half<|3.12|><|3.12|>the number of steps each time.<|4.38|><|7.60|>And solving that
problem recursively.<|9.52|><|16.50|>So I got a question here
about the possibility<|18.70|><|18.70|>of looping forever.<|20.40|><|23.48|>First of all, if n is
going to be loop... | |
<|0.00|>of your thinking there.<|1.56|><|4.38|>OK.<|4.88|><|7.72|>And we will prove that the
problem of testing ambiguity<|11.76|><|11.76|>is not decidable.<|12.94|><|12.94|>That's going to be a homework
problem in problem set 3.<|17.40|><|17.40|>OK.<|19.28|><|19.28|>Last check-in here--
something that I alluded<|22.36... | |
<|0.00|>materials, and talk
about how we look<|1.88|><|1.88|>at the mechanical
properties of honeycombs.<|4.62|><|4.62|>So I think where we
left off last time was<|6.88|><|6.88|>we started talking about
mean intercept length.<|9.36|><|9.36|>So the idea is that
with-- hello, hello--<|13.28|><|13.28|>if you have a honeyc... | |
<|0.00|>And those are going to
be the legal strings that<|2.96|><|2.96|>can be in the ladder.<|5.12|><|5.12|>So ladder A is a
ladder of strings<|7.08|><|7.08|>that are all members of A.<|10.34|><|10.34|>And now the ladder
DFA problem is A going<|17.24|><|17.24|>to be the language of some DFA.<|19.88|><|19.88|>So I'm gi... | |
<|0.00|>That's beyond the
scope of this course,<|4.08|><|4.08|>outside of what we're
going to be doing.<|6.98|><|6.98|>We're going to talk
about Turing machines.<|10.80|><|10.80|>Not because we care so
much about Turing machines.<|12.92|><|12.92|>But I'm trying to prove
things about computation.<|15.24|><|15.24|>And th... | |
<|0.00|>use append and a bunch of
these other mutable functions<|2.72|><|2.72|>for their side effects.<|4.06|><|4.06|>And the side effect
in this case is<|5.72|><|5.72|>to mutate the object that
I'm calling the append on.<|10.96|><|10.96|>In this case, the list named L.<|16.76|><|16.76|>So let's have you think
about th... | |
<|0.00|>We can also use it to check
if an element or a key<|3.40|><|3.40|>is in my dictionary.<|6.60|><|6.60|>So I want to make a note.<|8.56|><|8.56|>It's only checking the keys.<|10.24|><|10.24|>It does not look for the
values in the dictionary.<|13.40|><|13.40|>We'll see how to
check if some value is<|15.94|><|15.94... | |
<|0.00|>have some kind of fractal dimension,<|2.64|><|2.64|>that's between 3 and 4 dimensions, and<|5.98|><|5.98|>it's approaching 4 dimensions because of<|8.72|><|8.72|>the space filling aspect of these fractals<|11.56|><|11.56|>and that metabolic rate scales with volume<|15.76|><|15.76|>or mass to the 3/4, completely... | |
<|0.00|>point to this object in memory.<|2.88|><|2.88|>It's not a function call.<|5.34|><|5.34|>I'm not trying to figure
out if some number is even.<|8.28|><|8.28|>I am literally giving another
name to this function,<|13.00|><|13.00|>this code that does
this thing here.<|17.38|><|17.38|>OK.<|18.02|><|18.02|>And so that... | |
<|0.00|>And some people might call this effective
shock thickness, but I term the transition<|7.00|><|7.56|>to higher temperature of the shock thickness
and then a relaxation distance.<|13.44|><|13.44|>Any altitudes above that the flow could be
completely out of equilibrium.<|20.44|><|20.60|>It hasn't gotten back to eq... | |
<|0.00|>a good enough approximation.<|2.08|><|2.08|>So that means that root
that we're going to find,<|5.22|><|5.22|>minus x is going to be
less than some epsilon,<|10.32|><|10.32|>or the absolute value
of that subtraction<|12.52|><|12.52|>is going to be
less than epsilon.<|15.48|><|15.48|>So where we did
incremental s... | |
<|0.00|>So is that complementary
problem in NP?<|2.50|><|7.20|>For that to be
the case, we would<|9.34|><|9.34|>need to have short certificates
of when a graph does not<|14.52|><|14.52|>have a Hamiltonian path.<|17.88|><|21.32|>I leave it to you.<|22.36|><|22.36|>There are three choices.<|23.36|><|26.16|>OK?<|28.42|> | |
<|0.00|>which is to say, well,
I have some language.<|7.88|><|7.88|>I'm trying to figure out
if it's regular or not.<|10.12|><|10.12|>And so I thought really
hard how to make a DFA,<|13.56|><|13.56|>and I couldn't find one.<|15.04|><|15.04|>Therefore, it's not regular.<|18.46|><|18.46|>That's not a proof.<|19.92|><|19.... | |
<|0.00|>It seems like the testing always happens after
2:00 AM, tests would run around the clock.<|7.00|><|11.36|>And we were out there way after midnight in
the cockpit participating in the first time<|18.36|><|18.92|>they were going to close the loop between
the rate gyros and the flight control system<|24.00|> | |
<|0.00|>So even though the stiffness
of these 3D trusses<|3.16|><|3.16|>can be quite good, the strength
often isn't quite as good<|6.70|><|6.70|>as one might hope.<|7.82|><|7.82|>So that's one of the
issues with them.<|12.38|><|12.38|>All right.<|12.88|><|25.02|>So do you see the
idea, though, with all<|26.68|><|26.68|... | |
<|0.00|>But the exterior shell of the capsules I don't
believe have ever been reused.<|6.40|><|6.40|>OK.<|6.88|><|6.88|>We will see you Thursday.<|7.64|><|7.64|>Bob Ried is going to give a talk on aerothermodynamics.<|11.54|><|11.54|>And I will look forward to seeing your journals.<|14.10|><|14.10|>Any questions on the... | |
<|0.00|>It is just going to look like some resistance R.<|3.00|><|3.00|>And that is what I get here.<|5.04|><|5.46|>So this is what v is going to look like,<|8.30|><|8.30|>and<|9.30|><|9.64|>that's a form.<|11.38|><|11.38|>So let's take a look at<|13.26|><|13.92|>these components.<|15.52|><|20.32|>Let's focus on the ea... | |
<|0.00|>And somebody told you that
events A and B are independent<|5.78|><|5.78|>unconditionally.<|8.52|><|8.52|>Then somebody comes and tells
you that event C actually has<|13.22|><|13.22|>occurred, so we now live
in this new universe.<|17.04|><|17.04|>In this new universe, is the
independence of A and B going<|21.36|... | |
<|0.00|>That was one of the questions that was asked
by the investigation is what's different about<|5.50|><|5.50|>this vehicle than any other vehicles?<|6.84|><|6.84|>Well, it was a static test article.<|8.40|><|8.40|>And we showed ad nauseam that had nothing
to do with the failure of Challenger.<|16.56|><|16.56|>The ... | |
<|0.00|>Other questions?<|1.16|><|5.02|>OK, so let's zoom out a
little bit on functions.<|9.40|><|9.40|>We did this a little
bit last lecture.<|11.18|><|11.18|>This is a function that we
actually wrote last lecture.<|13.48|><|13.48|>It was sum of odd
numbers between a and b.<|16.12|><|16.12|>This was essentially
our bl... | |
<|0.00|>So instead of having a foamy
core as in the iris leaf,<|3.12|><|3.12|>you've got these
kind of webs here<|5.04|><|5.04|>that go in between the
top and the bottom,<|7.06|><|7.06|>and that forms like a
series of I-beams almost.<|9.60|><|9.60|>And you can think of
that also like a sandwich<|11.52|><|11.52|>panel o... | |
<|0.00|>for combined mechanical and combined thermal.<|3.36|><|3.36|>We did that and said also we know that it's
probably not going to fail on the first flight<|7.00|><|7.00|>so we'll do some inspections.<|8.10|><|8.10|>Tom, let me just make a comment.<|10.46|><|10.46|>He made it sound a lot simpler than it was.<|12.52... | |
<|0.00|>and changing that
middle element.<|4.00|><|4.00|>So this is different
than strings and tuples.<|6.32|><|6.32|>We were not allowed to
do anything like this<|8.94|><|8.94|>with strings and tuples.<|10.68|><|10.68|>So let's look at an
example on the next slide<|14.24|><|14.24|>about what this means.<|15.24|><|15.2... | |
<|0.00|>There had been work going on since 1964 on
lifting bodies and on different configurations<|10.60|><|10.60|>that people imagined could be used for traveling
in space and returning to the ground in a<|17.06|><|17.06|>more sophisticated manner than coming down
on parachutes in the water.<|23.28|><|23.28|>Water lan... | |
<|0.00|>And that's going
to be an NFA which<|2.20|><|2.20|>does a union ab
star, which is what<|4.16|><|4.16|>we wanted in the first place.<|5.98|><|5.98|>So first, we're going
to bring that one down.<|11.02|><|11.02|>Because we've already
built that one.<|12.56|><|12.56|>And now remember how we
built the closure under... | |
<|0.00|>Multi-center participation.<|2.96|><|2.96|>If you ever get Hum up here, that cost you.<|6.18|><|6.18|>Any time you break a job down and give it
to more than one center or more than one contractor,<|13.18|><|13.92|>it's like Humpty-Dumpty, you break him apart,
you've got to put him back together again.<|17.66|><... | |
<|0.00|>box that says the
specification or the docstring.<|3.16|><|3.16|>And here, you see exactly the
signature of the function.<|6.64|><|6.64|>So it takes in one
input, the x, the value<|9.76|><|9.76|>you want to find the absolute
value of, and then, some text<|12.78|><|12.78|>here, which is what
the function does.<|... | |
<|0.00|>and it's going to count boxes<|3.58|><|3.58|>that contain these black pixels<|8.40|><|8.40|>that make up the coastline.<|10.74|><|10.74|>So let's look at this.<|12.46|><|12.46|>It's creating our straight line of points.<|15.38|><|15.38|>And here we don't have a Hausdorff dimension,<|17.42|><|17.42|>of course, b... | |
<|0.00|>of what exactly is going on.<|3.34|><|3.34|>For example, for an arrival
process, you might ask the<|6.70|><|6.70|>model in question, is my arrival
process Poisson or is<|10.08|><|10.08|>it something different?<|11.72|><|11.72|>If it is Poisson, what is the
rate of the arrival process?<|16.04|><|16.04|>Once you ... | |
<|0.00|>we have this function that
we're defining abstractly<|2.82|><|2.82|>and this is what it does.<|3.92|><|3.92|>And then we were calling
the function later<|5.82|><|5.82|>on in the program
many, many times.<|8.00|><|8.00|>Well, the same thing exists--<|10.00|><|10.00|>the same idea exists
now that we're<|12.56|><|... | |
<|0.00|>No,
the temperatures.<|6.42|><|6.42|>See, it's aluminum.<|9.60|><|9.60|>[AUDIENCE QUESTION]<|11.72|><|11.72|>Eventually.<|12.80|><|12.80|>Well, I think heat was the main culprit.<|15.14|><|15.14|>The dynamic pressures, and I am sorry I didn't
bring the graph, in this regime were not that<|22.14|><|25.18|>large.... | |
<|0.00|>...not of the whole triangle,<|2.50|><|2.50|>So it's the reduction factor in the length of the side of the triangle,..<|7.72|><|7.72|>so remember that.<|8.92|> | |
<|0.00|>Probably about 45 minutes from managing cutoff
to the rupture at about, let me see, let me<|7.00|><|9.52|>make sure I say that right, 122 kilometers.<|13.02|><|13.02|>I don't operate in kilometers.<|14.08|><|14.08|>I have to do the math, but it's not long.<|18.44|><|18.44|>It's less than one orbit.<|19.56|><|19... | |
<|0.00|>And once we are convinced that
g(X) and h(Y) are independent,<|4.92|><|4.92|>then we can apply our previous
rule, that for independent<|8.28|><|8.28|>random variables, expectations
multiply the right way.<|12.12|><|12.12|>Apply the previous rule, but
apply it now to these two<|16.40|><|16.40|>independent random... | |
<|0.00|>and A is undecidable, then so
is B. So this is as I mentioned,<|7.48|><|7.48|>the focus for us is going
to be on undecidability.<|10.56|><|10.56|>And you may want
to think about A<|12.64|><|12.64|>is like the A TM problem
which we know is undecidable.<|17.40|><|17.40|>We're going to show
the A TM is mapping<|19... | |
<|0.00|>But certainly, summing
the elements in a list<|2.68|><|2.68|>and checking whether
an element is in a list<|4.86|><|4.86|>will work for tuples as
well, and some of these<|7.36|><|7.36|>will work for strings, as long
as you can do that operation<|9.80|><|9.80|>on the strings, because these
are all indexable seque... | |
<|0.00|>or even crawling on your leg.<|2.04|><|2.04|>Just remember that<|3.40|><|3.40|>ants are very brilliant, little statisticians.<|8.26|><|8.26|>Think how great it would be<|9.16|><|9.16|>take advantage of their statistical abilities.<|14.28|> |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
README.md exists but content is empty.
- Downloads last month
- 363