Datasets:
id stringlengths 6 8 | subset stringclasses 1
value | manifest_index int64 2 491k | num_chains int32 1 1 | num_residues int32 16 5.04k | chains listlengths 1 1 | interfaces listlengths 0 0 | exp_pdb_id stringlengths 4 4 | exp_release_date stringdate 1976-05-19 00:00:00 2020-04-29 00:00:00 | exp_method stringclasses 10
values | exp_resolution float64 0.59 9 ⌀ | pred_model stringclasses 0
values | pred_plddt float64 | in_manifest_confidence bool 2
classes | in_manifest_plddt70 bool 0
classes | sequence stringlengths 16 5.04k | atom14_positions array 3D | atom14_b_factors array 2D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4v64_LC | rcsb | 406,596 | 1 | 117 | [
{
"id": "4v64_LC",
"num_residues": 117,
"label_asym_id": "LC",
"auth_asym_id": "DQ",
"entity_id": 38,
"asym_id": null,
"sym_id": null,
"cluster_id": "4V7P_41",
"cluster_size": 676,
"is_low_homology": null
}
] | [] | 4V64 | 2014-07-09 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 3.5 | null | null | false | null | ARVKRGVIARARHKKILKQAKGYYGARSRVYRVAFQAVIKAGQYAYRDRRQRKRQFRQLWIARINAAARQNGISYSKFINGLKKASVEIDRKILADIAVFDKVAFTALVEKAKAALA | [
[
[
17.964000701904297,
228.80599975585938,
-152.71200561523438
],
[
18.5310001373291,
228.781005859375,
-154.08999633789062
],
[
18.743999481201172,
227.34500122070312,
-154.5540008544922
],
[
19.875999450683594,
226.8679... | [
[
77.26000213623047,
77.26000213623047,
77.26000213623047,
77.26000213623047,
77.26000213623047,
null,
null,
null,
null,
null,
null,
null,
null,
null
],
[
45.11000061035156,
45.11000061035156,
45.11000061035156,
45.11000061035156,
45.11... |
5a7s_B | rcsb | 4,010 | 1 | 381 | [{"id":"5a7s_B","num_residues":381,"label_asym_id":"B","auth_asym_id":"B","entity_id":1,"asym_id":nu(...TRUNCATED) | [] | 5A7S | 2016-01-13 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.2 | null | null | true | null | "MHHHHHHSSGVDLGTENLYFQSMASESETLNPSARIMTFYPTMEEFRNFSRYIAYIESQGAHRAGLAKVVPPKEWKPRASYDDIDDLVIPAPIQQLVTG(...TRUNCATED) | [[[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,nu(...TRUNCATED) | [[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],[null,null,null,null,null,n(...TRUNCATED) |
6jlz_L | rcsb | 191,006 | 1 | 304 | [{"id":"6jlz_L","num_residues":304,"label_asym_id":"L","auth_asym_id":"M","entity_id":6,"asym_id":nu(...TRUNCATED) | [] | 6JLZ | 2019-05-01 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 3.35 | null | null | false | null | "MSTSHCRFYENKYPEIDDIVMVNVQQIAEMGAYVKLLEYDNIEGMILLSELSRRRIRSIQKLIRVGKNDVAVVLRVDKEKGYIDLSKRRVSSEDIIKCE(...TRUNCATED) | [[[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,nu(...TRUNCATED) | [[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],[null,null,null,null,null,n(...TRUNCATED) |
3j3y_TOA | rcsb | 177,390 | 1 | 231 | [{"id":"3j3y_TOA","num_residues":231,"label_asym_id":"TOA","auth_asym_id":"fG","entity_id":1,"asym_i(...TRUNCATED) | [] | 3J3Y | 2013-05-29 | ELECTRON MICROSCOPY | null | null | null | false | null | "PIVQNLQGQMVHQAISPRTLNAWVKVVEEKAFSPEVIPMFSALSEGATPQDLNTMLNTVGGHQAAMQMLKETINEEAAEWDRLHPVHAGPIEPGQMREP(...TRUNCATED) | [[[489.64300537109375,906.4420166015625,843.9719848632812],[489.1180114746094,905.927978515625,845.2(...TRUNCATED) | [[0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],[0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,n(...TRUNCATED) |
2vub_B | rcsb | 424,666 | 1 | 101 | [{"id":"2vub_B","num_residues":101,"label_asym_id":"B","auth_asym_id":"B","entity_id":1,"asym_id":nu(...TRUNCATED) | [] | 2VUB | 1998-06-17 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.45 | null | null | true | null | "MQFKVYTYKRESRYRLFVDVQSDIIDTPGRRMVIPLASARLLSDKVSRELYPVVHIGDESWRMMTTDMASVPVSVIGEEVADLSHRENDIKNAINLMFW(...TRUNCATED) | [[[50.71699905395508,75.65399932861328,21.770000457763672],[50.994998931884766,77.12100219726562,21.(...TRUNCATED) | [[21.799999237060547,23.610000610351562,21.520000457763672,23.040000915527344,24.0,31.04000091552734(...TRUNCATED) |
4nuw_A | rcsb | 270,453 | 1 | 228 | [{"id":"4nuw_A","num_residues":228,"label_asym_id":"A","auth_asym_id":"A","entity_id":1,"asym_id":nu(...TRUNCATED) | [] | 4NUW | 2013-12-18 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 1.591 | null | null | true | null | "MRSRRVDVMDVMNRLILAMDLMNRDDALRVTGEVREYIDTVKIGYPLVLSEGMDIIAEFRKRFGCRIIADFKVADIPETNEKICRATFKAGADAIIVHG(...TRUNCATED) | [[[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,nu(...TRUNCATED) | [[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],[null,null,null,null,null,n(...TRUNCATED) |
2z9h_E | rcsb | 479,139 | 1 | 103 | [{"id":"2z9h_E","num_residues":103,"label_asym_id":"E","auth_asym_id":"E","entity_id":1,"asym_id":nu(...TRUNCATED) | [] | 2Z9H | 2007-10-02 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.71 | null | null | true | null | "MKLAVVTGQIVCTVRHHGLAHDKLLMVEMIDPQGNPDGQCAVAIDNIGAGTGEWVLLVSGSSARQAHKSETSPVDLCVIGIVDEVVSGGQVIFHKLEHH(...TRUNCATED) | [[[-12.725000381469727,5.611000061035156,6.0289998054504395],[-11.803999900817871,5.811999797821045,(...TRUNCATED) | [[12.390000343322754,12.6899995803833,13.1899995803833,10.960000038146973,13.15999984741211,13.85000(...TRUNCATED) |
4v9a_VB | rcsb | 413,372 | 1 | 27 | [{"id":"4v9a_VB","num_residues":27,"label_asym_id":"VB","auth_asym_id":"CX","entity_id":21,"asym_id"(...TRUNCATED) | [] | 4V9A | 2014-07-09 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 3.2999 | null | null | false | null | MGKGDRRTRRGKIWRGTYGKYRPRKKK | [[[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,nu(...TRUNCATED) | [[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],[175.9199981689453,159.6799(...TRUNCATED) |
1sq4_A | rcsb | 358,945 | 1 | 278 | [{"id":"1sq4_A","num_residues":278,"label_asym_id":"A","auth_asym_id":"A","entity_id":1,"asym_id":nu(...TRUNCATED) | [] | 1SQ4 | 2004-04-06 | X-RAY DIFFRACTION | 2.7 | null | null | true | null | "MSKSSYYAPHGGHPAQTELLTDRAMFTEAYAVIPKGVMRDIVTSHLPFWDNMRMWVIARPLSGFAETFSQYIVELAPNGGSDKPEQDPNAEAVLFVVEG(...TRUNCATED) | [[[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,nu(...TRUNCATED) | [[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],[null,null,null,null,null,n(...TRUNCATED) |
5u9f_BA | rcsb | 384,911 | 1 | 85 | [{"id":"5u9f_BA","num_residues":85,"label_asym_id":"BA","auth_asym_id":"25","entity_id":28,"asym_id"(...TRUNCATED) | [] | 5U9F | 2017-03-22 | ELECTRON MICROSCOPY | 3.2 | null | null | false | null | MAHKKAGGSTRNGRDSEAKRLGVKRFGGESVLAGSIIVRQRGTKFHAGANVGCGRDHTLFAKADGKVKFEVKGPKNRKFISIEAE | [[[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,null],[null,null,nu(...TRUNCATED) | [[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],[null,null,null,null,null,n(...TRUNCATED) |
AtlasFold-Data
AtlasFold-Data is a Parquet conversion of the structures that
AtlasFold released for training its monomer and
complex models (preprint). The
original release is nine .tar.zst archives of LMDB databases in a
Google Drive folder.
This repository holds the same entries as typed Parquet that datasets, pyarrow, DuckDB, and
Polars can stream, plus index tables that reproduce AtlasFold's training sampler exactly.
No value was changed. Each Parquet row was read back and compared bit for bit with its LMDB value, and each manifest entry was rebuilt from its row and compared with the original entry.
Subsets
| Config | Structures | Rows | Samples | Split | Parquet | AtlasFold use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rcsb |
PDB chains released by 2020-05-01, resolution at most 9 Å | 490,703 | train | 11.35 GiB | Monomer stages 1 to 4 | |
rcsb_multimer |
PDB first biological assemblies released by 2021-09-30, at most 20 chains | 177,363 | 1,125,363 | train | 10.40 GiB | Multimer stages 1 to 3 |
cameo_val |
CAMEO targets | 362 | validation | 0.01 GiB | Monomer validation | |
rcsb_multimer_val |
PDB complexes released 2021-10-01 to 2023-01-12 with low-homology interfaces | 512 | 3,647 | validation | 0.03 GiB | Multimer validation |
disordered_pdb_af2 |
AlphaFold2 (ColabFold) predictions for PDB chains with many unresolved residues | 11,828 | train | 0.34 GiB | Monomer stages 1 to 4 | |
disordered_pdb_afm |
AlphaFold-Multimer predictions of PDB complexes | 29,431 | 176,472 | train | 1.79 GiB | Multimer stages 1 to 3 |
mgnify_short |
AlphaFold2 predictions of MGnify sequences shorter than 200 residues (OpenFold3) | 430,418 | train | 5.04 GiB | All stages | |
mgnify_long |
AlphaFold2 predictions of MGnify sequences of 200 or more residues (OpenFold3) | 16,099,404 | train | 526.45 GiB | All stages | |
rcsb_multimer_templates |
Template chains for rcsb_multimer (OpenFold3) |
950,691 | train | 16.91 GiB | Multimer stages 1 to 3 | |
rcsb_multimer_template_hits |
Template alignments per rcsb_multimer entity |
89,255 | train | 0.07 GiB | Multimer stages 1 to 3 |
disordered_pdb_esm is not included: the released AtlasFold configurations do not use it, and its ESMFold predictions of PDB chains with unresolved regions duplicate what disordered_pdb_af2 covers.
"Samples" counts the chain and interface samples that AtlasFold draws from each complex. Every
subset also has a <subset>_index config with one row per training sample in AtlasFold's order.
Small original files (msgpack and JSON manifests, FASTA, cluster CSVs, the ColabFold PDB tarball of
disordered_pdb_af2) are stored unchanged under source/<subset>/.
Load
pip install "datasets>=4,<6" "huggingface_hub>=1" pyarrow numpy
Stream a subset without downloading it:
from datasets import load_dataset
rows = load_dataset("Synthyra/AtlasFold-Data", "rcsb_multimer_val", split="validation", streaming=True)
row = next(iter(rows.with_format("numpy")))
print(row["id"], row["num_chains"], row["atom14_positions"].shape) # (l, 14, 3)
Download a subset and its index when you need random access or exact sampling:
hf download Synthyra/AtlasFold-Data --repo-type dataset --local-dir AtlasFold-Data --include "data/rcsb/*" "data/rcsb_index/*"
Large training jobs should download rather than stream: every remote read counts against the Hub's request limits.
Structure columns
| Column | Type | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
id |
string | AtlasFold entry key: {pdb}_{label_asym_id} for PDB chains, {pdb} for complexes, file stems for predictions |
subset |
string | Config name |
manifest_index |
int64 | Position of the entry in the original manifest.msgpack |
num_chains, num_residues |
int32 | Chain count and total residues |
sequence |
string | One-letter sequence over ARNDCQEGHILKMFPSTWYVX; chains are joined with : |
chains |
list of struct | Per-chain manifest fields: id, num_residues, label_asym_id, auth_asym_id, entity_id, asym_id, sym_id, cluster_id, cluster_size, is_low_homology |
interfaces |
list of struct | Chain pairs (chain_a, chain_b, 0-based) with a resolved Cα–Cα distance below 15 Å, with cluster_id, cluster_size, is_low_homology |
exp_pdb_id, exp_release_date, exp_method, exp_resolution |
string, string, string, float64 | PDB entry, first release date, method, and resolution in Å |
pred_model, pred_plddt |
string, float64 | Predictor and mean Cα pLDDT of a predicted structure |
in_manifest_confidence |
bool | Entry appears in AtlasFold's manifest_confidence.msgpack (resolution 0.1 to 3.0 Å) |
in_manifest_plddt70 |
bool | Entry appears in manifest_plddt70.msgpack |
atom14_positions |
Array3D (l, 14, 3) float32 | Heavy-atom coordinates in Å, atom14 order; NaN for slots a residue type lacks and for unresolved atoms |
atom14_b_factors |
Array2D (l, 14) float32 | Per-atom B-factor column; NaN where coordinates are absent |
A null manifest field means AtlasFold omitted that key; a null is_low_homology means false. A null
in_manifest_* column means the subset has no such manifest. Chain ids can repeat within a complex
because AtlasFold removed digits from assembly copy names, so identify chains by position.
atom14_b_factors holds experimental B-factors for the PDB-derived subsets, pLDDT (0 to 100) for
disordered_pdb_af2 and the MGnify subsets, and a constant 20.0 for disordered_pdb_afm, whose
predictions carry no pLDDT. The released MGnify manifests are not filtered by pLDDT.
Atom14 slot order per residue type, the same as AlphaFold2 except that X keeps five slots:
import numpy as np
RESTYPES = "ARNDCQEGHILKMFPSTWYVX"
RESIDUE_ATOMS = {
"A": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB"),
"R": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "CG", "CD", "NE", "CZ", "NH1", "NH2"),
"N": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "CG", "OD1", "ND2"),
"D": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "CG", "OD1", "OD2"),
"C": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "SG"),
"Q": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "CG", "CD", "OE1", "NE2"),
"E": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "CG", "CD", "OE1", "OE2"),
"G": ("N", "CA", "C", "O"),
"H": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "CG", "ND1", "CD2", "CE1", "NE2"),
"I": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "CG1", "CG2", "CD1"),
"L": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "CG", "CD1", "CD2"),
"K": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "CG", "CD", "CE", "NZ"),
"M": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "CG", "SD", "CE"),
"F": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "CG", "CD1", "CD2", "CE1", "CE2", "CZ"),
"P": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "CG", "CD"),
"S": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "OG"),
"T": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "OG1", "CG2"),
"W": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "CG", "CD1", "CD2", "NE1", "CE2", "CE3", "CZ2", "CZ3", "CH2"),
"Y": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "CG", "CD1", "CD2", "CE1", "CE2", "CZ", "OH"),
"V": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB", "CG1", "CG2"),
"X": ("N", "CA", "C", "O", "CB"),
}
ATOM37_NAMES = (
"N", "CA", "C", "CB", "O", "CG", "CG1", "CG2", "OG", "OG1", "SG", "CD", "CD1", "CD2", "ND1",
"ND2", "OD1", "OD2", "SD", "CE", "CE1", "CE2", "CE3", "NE", "NE1", "NE2", "OE1", "OE2", "CH2",
"NH1", "NH2", "OH", "CZ", "CZ2", "CZ3", "NZ", "OXT",
)
ATOM14_EXISTS = np.zeros((21, 14), dtype=bool) # (restype, slot)
ATOM14_TO_ATOM37 = np.zeros((21, 14), dtype=np.int64) # (restype, slot) atom37 index
for restype_index, restype in enumerate(RESTYPES):
atoms = RESIDUE_ATOMS[restype]
ATOM14_EXISTS[restype_index, : len(atoms)] = True
ATOM14_TO_ATOM37[restype_index, : len(atoms)] = [ATOM37_NAMES.index(atom) for atom in atoms]
def restype_indices(sequence):
"""Residue type index per residue, shape (l,); chain separators are skipped."""
return np.array([RESTYPES.index(letter) for letter in sequence.replace(":", "")])
def chain_bounds(sequence):
"""(start, end) residue offsets of each chain in the concatenated arrays."""
ends = np.cumsum([len(chain) for chain in sequence.split(":")])
return list(zip(np.concatenate([[0], ends[:-1]]).tolist(), ends.tolist()))
def derived_chain_ids(sequence):
"""Entity, asym, and sym ids per chain, assigned as AtlasFold's ProteinMultimer does."""
entity_ids, sym_ids, entity_of, copies = [], [], {}, {}
for chain in sequence.split(":"):
entity_of.setdefault(chain, len(entity_of) + 1)
copies[chain] = copies.get(chain, 0) + 1
entity_ids.append(entity_of[chain])
sym_ids.append(copies[chain])
return entity_ids, list(range(1, len(entity_ids) + 1)), sym_ids
def atom14_to_atom37(positions, sequence):
"""Scatter (l, 14, 3) atom14 coordinates into (l, 37, 3) atom37 slots; empty slots stay NaN."""
restypes = restype_indices(sequence) # (l,)
atom37 = np.full((len(restypes), 37, 3), np.nan, dtype=positions.dtype) # (l, 37, 3)
residues, slots = np.nonzero(ATOM14_EXISTS[restypes]) # (n_atom,), (n_atom,)
atom37[residues, ATOM14_TO_ATOM37[restypes[residues], slots]] = positions[residues, slots]
return atom37
The resolved-atom mask is np.isfinite(row["atom14_positions"]).all(-1), shape (l, 14).
Index and template columns
<subset>_index rows follow AtlasFold's sampling order and point into the structure files: rows of
data/<subset>/ sorted by file name, where file_index selects the file and row_index the row.
| Config kind | Columns |
|---|---|
| Monomer subsets | manifest_index, id, num_residues, cluster_size, plddt, resolution, file_index, row_index |
| Complex subsets | sample_index, manifest_index, kind (chain or interface), chain_a, chain_b, cluster_size, file_index, row_index |
rcsb_multimer_templates stores the 950,691 template chains of template.lmdb (template_id,
manifest_index, num_residues, sequence, atom14_positions). Their stored b-factors are NaN in
every slot, so that column is omitted. rcsb_multimer_template_hits stores template_mapping.lmdb:
mapping_key ({pdb}_{entity_id}), pdb_id, entity_id, and hits with template_id, index,
release_date, and 1-based aligned residue indices entry_indices and template_indices. AtlasFold
already removed templates released less than 60 days before their entry.
Reproduce AtlasFold's training sampler
AtlasFold draws every training example with replacement from one weight vector. Weights are normalized within a subset, multiplied by the subset's stage weight, and concatenated in config order.
- Monomer subsets multiply per-entry factors:
lengthgivesmin(max(num_residues, 256), 512),clustergives1 / cluster_size, andplddtgivesmin(max(plddt - 30, 0), 40). rcsb_multimeranddisordered_pdb_afmdraw chains with weight1 / cluster_sizeand interfaces with2 / cluster_size, a missing size counting as 1, in float32.- MGnify subsets in multimer stages are uniform.
- The sampler seeds NumPy with
0 + epoch. An epoch is 256,000 draws for monomer stages and 128,000 for multimer stages, and a draw that fails cropping is replaced by a uniform draw from the same subset. - Confidence losses use only non-distillation entries with resolution from 0.1 to 3.0 Å.
| Monomer stage | Crop / LM tokens | rcsb |
disordered_pdb_af2 |
mgnify_long |
mgnify_short |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 256 / 512 | 0.120 length, cluster | 0.005 length, cluster | 0.865 length, plddt | 0.010 length, plddt |
| 2 | 384 / 768 | 0.123 length, cluster | 0.002 length, cluster | 0.865 length, plddt | 0.010 length, plddt |
| 3 | 512 / 1024 | 0.240 length, cluster | 0.010 length, cluster | 0.740 plddt | 0.010 plddt |
| 4 | 640 / 1280 | 0.240 length, cluster | 0.010 length, cluster | 0.740 plddt | 0.010 plddt |
| Multimer stage | Crop / LM tokens | rcsb_multimer |
disordered_pdb_afm |
mgnify_long |
mgnify_short |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 384 / 768 | 0.73 | 0.02 | 0.245 | 0.005 |
| 2 | 640 / 1280 | 0.490 | 0.010 | 0.495 | 0.005 |
| 3 | 768 / 1536 | 0.490 | 0.010 | 0.495 | 0.005 |
Multimer stages use templates for rcsb_multimer with probability 0.4 and at most two per chain.
The stage settings come from configs/{monomer,multimer}/train_stage*.yaml at commit 444f376.
The following code reproduces the index sequence of AtlasFold's DistributedWeightedSampler from a
local download that includes the needed data/*_index/ folders:
import math
import numpy as np
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
from pathlib import Path
MONOMER_STAGES = {
1: [("rcsb", 0.120, ("length", "cluster")), ("disordered_pdb_af2", 0.005, ("length", "cluster")),
("mgnify_long", 0.865, ("length", "plddt")), ("mgnify_short", 0.010, ("length", "plddt"))],
2: [("rcsb", 0.123, ("length", "cluster")), ("disordered_pdb_af2", 0.002, ("length", "cluster")),
("mgnify_long", 0.865, ("length", "plddt")), ("mgnify_short", 0.010, ("length", "plddt"))],
3: [("rcsb", 0.240, ("length", "cluster")), ("disordered_pdb_af2", 0.010, ("length", "cluster")),
("mgnify_long", 0.740, ("plddt",)), ("mgnify_short", 0.010, ("plddt",))],
4: [("rcsb", 0.240, ("length", "cluster")), ("disordered_pdb_af2", 0.010, ("length", "cluster")),
("mgnify_long", 0.740, ("plddt",)), ("mgnify_short", 0.010, ("plddt",))],
}
MULTIMER_STAGES = {
1: [("rcsb_multimer", 0.73), ("disordered_pdb_afm", 0.02), ("mgnify_long", 0.245), ("mgnify_short", 0.005)],
2: [("rcsb_multimer", 0.490), ("disordered_pdb_afm", 0.010), ("mgnify_long", 0.495), ("mgnify_short", 0.005)],
3: [("rcsb_multimer", 0.490), ("disordered_pdb_afm", 0.010), ("mgnify_long", 0.495), ("mgnify_short", 0.005)],
}
COMPLEX_SUBSETS = {"rcsb_multimer", "disordered_pdb_afm", "rcsb_multimer_val"}
def read_index(root, subset):
return pq.read_table(next(Path(root, "data", f"{subset}_index").glob("*.parquet")))
def monomer_weights(index, strategies):
"""TrainingDataset.get_sampling_weights with the same float64 operations."""
weights = np.ones(index.num_rows)
for strategy in strategies:
if strategy == "length":
weights *= np.minimum(np.maximum(index["num_residues"].to_numpy().astype(np.float64), 256), 512)
elif strategy == "cluster":
if index["cluster_size"].null_count:
raise ValueError("AtlasFold raises on a missing cluster_size")
sizes = index["cluster_size"].to_numpy().astype(np.float64)
weights *= 1 / np.where(sizes == 0, 1, sizes)
elif strategy == "plddt":
weights *= np.minimum(np.maximum(index["plddt"].fill_null(0.0).to_numpy() - 30, 0), 40)
return weights / weights.sum()
def complex_sample_weights(index):
"""RCSBTrainingDataset weights: chains 1 / cluster_size, interfaces 2 / cluster_size, float32."""
sizes = index["cluster_size"].fill_null(0).to_numpy().astype(np.float64)
kind = np.where(index["kind"].to_numpy(zero_copy_only=False) == "interface", 2.0, 1.0)
weights = (1.0 / np.where(sizes == 0, 1, sizes) * kind).astype(np.float32)
return weights / weights.sum()
def stage_weights(root, mode, stage):
"""Return the stage weight vector, its subset names, and cumulative subset sizes."""
parts, subsets = [], []
if mode == "monomer":
for subset, weight, strategies in MONOMER_STAGES[stage]:
parts.append(monomer_weights(read_index(root, subset), strategies) * weight)
subsets.append(subset)
else:
for subset, weight in MULTIMER_STAGES[stage]:
index = read_index(root, subset)
if subset in COMPLEX_SUBSETS:
base = complex_sample_weights(index)
else:
base = np.full(index.num_rows, 1 / index.num_rows, dtype=np.float32)
parts.append(base * weight)
subsets.append(subset)
return np.concatenate(parts), subsets, np.cumsum([len(part) for part in parts])
def sampled_indices(weights, epoch, rank=0, world_size=1, seed=0):
"""Indices that DistributedWeightedSampler yields to `rank` for `epoch`."""
probabilities = weights.astype(np.float64)
probabilities = probabilities / probabilities.sum()
total = math.ceil(len(probabilities) / world_size) * world_size
indices = np.random.default_rng(seed + epoch).choice(len(probabilities), total, p=probabilities, replace=True)
return indices[rank:total:world_size]
def locate(index_value, subsets, cumulative):
"""Map a global sampler index to its subset and index-table row."""
position = int(np.searchsorted(cumulative, index_value, side="right"))
return subsets[position], int(index_value - (cumulative[position - 1] if position else 0))
For example, weights, subsets, cumulative = stage_weights("AtlasFold-Data", "multimer", 1), then
locate(sampled_indices(weights, epoch=0)[0], subsets, cumulative) names the first sample of the
first multimer epoch. The index row gives the structure file, row, and for complexes the chain or
interface that AtlasFold uses to center its crop.
Read indexed structures from a local download:
import datasets # registers the Array2D and Array3D column types with pyarrow
import pyarrow as pa
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
from pathlib import Path
ARRAY_SHAPES = {"atom14_positions": (-1, 14, 3), "atom14_b_factors": (-1, 14)}
def row_arrays(batch, index):
"""One row of a record batch as Python values, with structure columns as NumPy arrays."""
row = {}
for name in batch.schema.names:
column = batch[name]
if name not in ARRAY_SHAPES:
row[name] = column[index].as_py()
continue
values = (column.storage if isinstance(column, pa.ExtensionArray) else column)[index].values
while pa.types.is_list(values.type):
values = values.flatten()
row[name] = values.to_numpy(zero_copy_only=False).reshape(ARRAY_SHAPES[name])
return row
def read_structure(root, subset, file_index, row_index):
"""Return the structure row that an index table points to."""
path = sorted(Path(root, "data", subset).glob("*.parquet"))[file_index]
parquet = pq.ParquetFile(path)
start = 0
for group in range(parquet.num_row_groups):
rows_in_group = parquet.metadata.row_group(group).num_rows
if row_index < start + rows_in_group:
batch = parquet.read_row_group(group).combine_chunks().to_batches()[0]
return row_arrays(batch, row_index - start)
start += rows_in_group
raise IndexError(f"{path.name} has no row {row_index}")
Use AtlasFold's own trainer
Row-group reads are slow for random access over mgnify_long. To train with AtlasFold's code, rebuild
its native layout (manifest.msgpack plus structure.lmdb) from a local download. The rebuilt LMDB
values decode to arrays identical to the original release; the NPZ bytes differ only in zip metadata.
import io
import lmdb
import numpy as np
import pickle
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
import shutil
from pathlib import Path
def compact_arrays(sequence, positions, b_factors):
"""Keep only existing atom14 slots, as AtlasFold's DataPipeline stores them."""
exists = ATOM14_EXISTS[restype_indices(sequence)] # (l, 14)
return positions[exists], b_factors[exists] # (n_atom, 3), (n_atom,)
def npz_bytes(arrays):
buffer = io.BytesIO()
np.savez_compressed(buffer, **arrays)
return buffer.getvalue()
def rebuild_native_subset(root, subset, output_root, is_complex):
target = Path(output_root, subset)
target.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
for source in Path(root, "source", subset).iterdir():
shutil.copyfile(source, target / source.name)
environment = lmdb.open(str(target / "structure.lmdb"), map_size=1 << 41)
columns = ["id", "chains", "sequence", "atom14_positions", "atom14_b_factors"]
for path in sorted(Path(root, "data", subset).glob("*.parquet")):
for batch in pq.ParquetFile(path).iter_batches(batch_size=256, columns=columns):
with environment.begin(write=True) as transaction:
for index in range(batch.num_rows):
row = row_arrays(batch, index)
arrays = {"name": np.array([row["id"]], dtype="S")}
chains = list(zip(row["chains"], row["sequence"].split(":"), chain_bounds(row["sequence"])))
if is_complex:
arrays["num_chains"] = np.array([len(chains)], dtype=np.int64)
for chain_index, (chain, sequence, (start, end)) in enumerate(chains):
prefix = f"{chain_index}." if is_complex else ""
coordinates, b_factors = compact_arrays(
sequence, row["atom14_positions"][start:end], row["atom14_b_factors"][start:end]
)
arrays[f"{prefix}name"] = np.array([chain["id"]], dtype="S")
arrays[f"{prefix}sequence"] = np.array([sequence], dtype="S")
arrays[f"{prefix}coordinates"] = coordinates
arrays[f"{prefix}b_factors"] = b_factors
transaction.put(row["id"].encode(), npz_bytes(arrays))
environment.close()
def rebuild_native_templates(root, output_root):
"""Restore `template.lmdb` and `template_mapping.lmdb` for `rcsb_multimer`."""
target = Path(output_root, "rcsb_multimer")
target.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
templates = lmdb.open(str(target / "template.lmdb"), map_size=1 << 41)
for path in sorted(Path(root, "data", "rcsb_multimer_templates").glob("*.parquet")):
for batch in pq.ParquetFile(path).iter_batches(batch_size=512, columns=["template_id", "sequence", "atom14_positions"]):
with templates.begin(write=True) as transaction:
for index in range(batch.num_rows):
row = row_arrays(batch, index)
positions = row["atom14_positions"] # (l, 14, 3)
coordinates, b_factors = compact_arrays(row["sequence"], positions, np.full(positions.shape[:2], np.nan, np.float32))
arrays = {
"name": np.array([row["template_id"]], dtype="S"),
"sequence": np.array([row["sequence"]], dtype="S"),
"coordinates": coordinates,
"b_factors": b_factors,
}
transaction.put(row["template_id"].encode(), npz_bytes(arrays))
templates.close()
mapping = lmdb.open(str(target / "template_mapping.lmdb"), map_size=1 << 40)
for path in sorted(Path(root, "data", "rcsb_multimer_template_hits").glob("*.parquet")):
with mapping.begin(write=True) as transaction:
for row in pq.read_table(path).to_pylist():
hits = [
{
"template_id": hit["template_id"],
"index": hit["index"],
"release_date": hit["release_date"],
"entry_indices": np.array(hit["entry_indices"], dtype=np.uint16),
"template_indices": np.array(hit["template_indices"], dtype=np.uint16),
}
for hit in row["hits"]
]
transaction.put(row["mapping_key"].encode(), pickle.dumps(hits, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL))
mapping.close()
Call rebuild_native_subset(root, subset, output_root, subset in COMPLEX_SUBSETS) for each subset
and rebuild_native_templates(root, output_root) for multimer training, then set AtlasFold's
train.data.data_root to output_root.
License and attribution
AtlasFold's code, weights, and released datasets are distributed under the MIT License
(Copyright (c) 2026 Seonghwan Seo); this conversion keeps that license. The structures come from
upstream resources with their own terms: PDB entries (CC0 1.0), MGnify sequences (CC0 1.0), and the
OpenFold3 training data behind mgnify_long, mgnify_short, and the rcsb_multimer templates
(CC BY 4.0, OpenFold Consortium). AtlasFold's
documentation asks users to check the upstream terms before redistribution or commercial use.
@article{seo2026atlasfold,
author = {Seo, Seonghwan and Kim, Hyeongwoo and Moon, Seokhyun and Kim, Woo Youn and {Team KAIST}},
title = {AtlasFold: Protein structure prediction with metagenomic-scale language models},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.64898/2026.09.04.749352},
URL = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.04.749352v2},
journal = {bioRxiv}
}
Build record
Converted from the AtlasFold release at commit 444f376d85b9954a5f2f5f3f8b3cbcae1201ebb1 with the atlasfold_data
package in Synthyra/DatasetDev.
mgnify_long could not be downloaded from the release Drive folder because of
Google Drive download quotas, so it was rebuilt from the same source AtlasFold used: the OpenFold3
AlphaFold2 MGnify predictions on the AWS Registry of Open Data. The rebuild parses each entry's
best_structure_relaxed.pdb with AtlasFold's own reader (scripts/preprocess/af2/a1_process.py) and
writes the released LMDB and manifest formats. The same procedure reproduced the released mgnify_short
exactly: all 430,418 LMDB values byte for byte, manifest.msgpack byte for byte, and
the uncompressed manifest.json.zst text.
| Subset | Source | SHA-256 | Converted with |
|---|---|---|---|
rcsb |
Drive file 1TEH73v9oxA1oYYnsPZntHqES_04vEz8P |
archive 905b248e1baee4e7e8b7a3536e5596af9c7cbf2c249b30b50fa7c45f5ebd9562 |
pyarrow 25.0.1, datasets 4.8.5, NumPy 2.5.3 |
rcsb_multimer |
Drive file 1aN9zUL4JokQc0L6AWVUNlsnftQBi8pjr |
archive c29a7cf85dc9a4ca46523fa65b74e2a19dd382c90d08c2f15a209e86686b682a |
pyarrow 25.0.1, datasets 4.8.5, NumPy 2.5.3 |
cameo_val |
Drive file 10fhgH7nnVA022nvN-v3bTg1Xor97t2Ne |
archive 0e9c635b9a1196630d5c540e1a2b5abb718b5325163b9443da2608405629857c |
pyarrow 25.0.1, datasets 4.8.5, NumPy 2.5.3 |
rcsb_multimer_val |
Drive file 17meo4uBvvFfB2M-uor17KWwqQDYdSGFI |
archive be0300ebee91c93b92d9a5ebcd8c1b94c41e26e0261b139607630435ce0f2ac4 |
pyarrow 25.0.1, datasets 4.8.5, NumPy 2.5.3 |
disordered_pdb_af2 |
Drive file 1f79fRsVOK5SloBo-wVYLuAXDyBX5bOTR |
archive 3adc4928e7da6cf22eaed2462bb1728eb914cb307f85703a3524a1ba428c8c69 |
pyarrow 25.0.1, datasets 4.8.5, NumPy 2.5.3 |
disordered_pdb_afm |
Drive file 1f7pw1T7Bdho3r2P7cT5KTv4AvkY4joqb |
archive 589ea53a7a18cc19d854b75c1c8e398a11487fdc829970431880a26e65d95c10 |
pyarrow 25.0.1, datasets 4.8.5, NumPy 2.5.3 |
mgnify_short |
Drive file 1VN9XQsd9d5ulsyO4XICXhIMYqqVk7Ag_ |
archive b7da9a2f9ce2453fa57428060e0ab47afe3939a0153dae0cd3cc8adfbccc1879 |
pyarrow 25.0.1, datasets 4.8.5, NumPy 2.5.3 |
mgnify_long |
rebuilt from s3://openfold3-data/monomer_distillation_sets_v2/long_monomers/raw/ |
entry list 6c9697f29f845180ea37fd795d561c3f67bc179ff4eecc75f0a7f9b5747846b6 |
pyarrow 25.0.1, datasets 4.8.5, NumPy 2.5.3 |
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