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The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: CastError
Message: Couldn't cast
build_date: timestamp[s]
duplicates_removed: int64
files: struct<americas-ancient-NC.jsonl: struct<license_split: string, note: string, rows: int64, sha256: s (... 91 chars omitted)
child 0, americas-ancient-NC.jsonl: struct<license_split: string, note: string, rows: int64, sha256: string>
child 0, license_split: string
child 1, note: string
child 2, rows: int64
child 3, sha256: string
child 1, americas-ancient.jsonl: struct<license_split: string, rows: int64, sha256: string>
child 0, license_split: string
child 1, rows: int64
child 2, sha256: string
license_summary: string
name: string
per_language: struct<Hopi: int64, Kaqchikel: int64, Lenape: int64, Nahuatl: int64, Quechua (Inca administrative): (... 53 chars omitted)
child 0, Hopi: int64
child 1, Kaqchikel: int64
child 2, Lenape: int64
child 3, Nahuatl: int64
child 4, Quechua (Inca administrative): int64
child 5, Quechua (Quichua): int64
child 6, Yucatec Maya: int64
seed: int64
version: string
genre: string
translation: string
transliteration: string
language: string
writing_system: string
period: string
translation_source: string
artifact_id: string
license: string
script_text: string
notes: string
provenance: string
id: string
to
{'id': Value('string'), 'writing_system': Value('string'), 'language': Value('string'), 'script_text': Value('string'), 'transliteration': Value('string'), 'translation': Value('string'), 'translation_source': Value('string'), 'genre': Value('string'), 'period': Value('string'), 'provenance': Value('string'), 'artifact_id': Value('string'), 'license': Value('string'), 'notes': Value('string')}
because column names don't match
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1827, in _prepare_split_single
for key, table in generator:
^^^^^^^^^
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 613, in wrapped
for item in generator(*args, **kwargs):
~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 343, in _generate_tables
self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 132, in _cast_table
pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2378, in table_cast
return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2306, in cast_table_to_schema
raise CastError(
...<3 lines>...
)
datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
build_date: timestamp[s]
duplicates_removed: int64
files: struct<americas-ancient-NC.jsonl: struct<license_split: string, note: string, rows: int64, sha256: s (... 91 chars omitted)
child 0, americas-ancient-NC.jsonl: struct<license_split: string, note: string, rows: int64, sha256: string>
child 0, license_split: string
child 1, note: string
child 2, rows: int64
child 3, sha256: string
child 1, americas-ancient.jsonl: struct<license_split: string, rows: int64, sha256: string>
child 0, license_split: string
child 1, rows: int64
child 2, sha256: string
license_summary: string
name: string
per_language: struct<Hopi: int64, Kaqchikel: int64, Lenape: int64, Nahuatl: int64, Quechua (Inca administrative): (... 53 chars omitted)
child 0, Hopi: int64
child 1, Kaqchikel: int64
child 2, Lenape: int64
child 3, Nahuatl: int64
child 4, Quechua (Inca administrative): int64
child 5, Quechua (Quichua): int64
child 6, Yucatec Maya: int64
seed: int64
version: string
genre: string
translation: string
transliteration: string
language: string
writing_system: string
period: string
translation_source: string
artifact_id: string
license: string
script_text: string
notes: string
provenance: string
id: string
to
{'id': Value('string'), 'writing_system': Value('string'), 'language': Value('string'), 'script_text': Value('string'), 'transliteration': Value('string'), 'translation': Value('string'), 'translation_source': Value('string'), 'genre': Value('string'), 'period': Value('string'), 'provenance': Value('string'), 'artifact_id': Value('string'), 'license': Value('string'), 'notes': Value('string')}
because column names don't match
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1369, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
)
^
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 948, in stream_convert_to_parquet
builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1694, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
):
^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1879, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the datasetNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
id string | writing_system string | language string | script_text string | transliteration string | translation string | translation_source string | genre string | period string | provenance string | artifact_id string | license string | notes string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
americas_nc_000001 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:huitznahuatl | Huitznahuatl | a lordly title (also borne as a personal name) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Matrícula de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 677 recto | MH677r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound personal-name/title glyph (agave thorns huitztli + speech-scroll phonetic); Spanish gloss: (un título, o un oficio); gloss in Spanish |
americas_nc_000002 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:notation:centzontli | centzontli | four hundred (400) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Códice Sierra-Texupan | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | plate 21 | CST21 | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | numerical notation (spiral cen- + tzontli tree); Spanish gloss: cuatrocientos; gloss in Spanish |
americas_nc_000003 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:notation:centecpantli | centecpantli | a group of twenty | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Osuna | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 12 verso | Osu12v | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | numerical notation (flag/banner on post); Spanish gloss: un grupo de veinte [tamemes]; gloss in Spanish; manuscript dated 1551-1565 |
americas_nc_000004 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:tollantzinco | Tollantzinco | Nuevo Tollan | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 3 verso | Mdz3v | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph (tule reeds tollin + -tzinco locative); Spanish gloss only: Nuevo Tollan; gloss in Spanish |
americas_nc_000005 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:toztli | toztli | Amazon yellow parrot | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 46 recto | Mdz46r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex glyph doubling as the place name Toztlan; no codex gloss transcribed in the record |
americas_nc_000006 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:nenca | Nenca | Unemployed; Inactive | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Matrícula de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 681 recto | MH681r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex personal-name glyph (nenetl figurine as phonetic nen-); woman's name |
americas_nc_000007 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:micquetlan | Micquetlan | Mictlan (place of the dead) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 52 recto | Mdz52r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph (shrouded corpse micqui/micquetl + bean etl as phonetic e); codex gloss: mictlan / puo / Mictlan, pueblo (or Micquetlan) |
americas_nc_000008 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:huecanemitl | Huecanemitl | One Who Lives Far Away | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Matrícula de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 488 recto | MH488r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound personal-name glyph (footprints + woven mat petlatl); codex gloss: pedro huecanemitl / Pedro Huecanemitl |
americas_nc_000009 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:xochimilca | Xochimilca | People of Xochimilco; Place of Flower Fields | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Azcatitlan | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | Azca17 (Codex Azcatitlan, plate 17; post-1550, possibly early 17th century) | Azca17 | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound ethnonym/place glyph (flower xochitl + field milli); codex gloss: xochimillca / Xochimilca; Spanish gloss: la gente de Xochimilco |
americas_nc_000010 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:cuacuauh | Cuacuauh | Horned | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Matrícula de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 483 recto | MH483r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex personal-name glyph; codex gloss: quaquauh / Cuacuauh; variant attestation on MH folio 483 recto |
americas_nc_000011 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:notation:macuilpohualli-pesos | macuilpohualli pesos | one hundred pesos | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Códice Sierra-Texupan | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | plate 44 (page dated 1561) | CST44 | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | numerical notation + simplex (peso); Spanish gloss: cien pesos; gloss in Spanish |
americas_nc_000012 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:temoc | Temoc | Descended | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Matrícula de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 653 recto | MH653r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound personal-name glyph (stone tetl + footprint); codex gloss: toribio temoc / Toribio Temoc |
americas_nc_000013 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:cuauhtlan | Cuauhtlan | eagle (cuauhtli) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 24 verso | Mdz24v | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex place-name glyph (eagle head); -tlan locative not shown visually |
americas_nc_000014 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:micquetlan | Micquetlan | Where the Dead Are | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 10 verso | Mdz10v | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex place-name glyph (laid-out corpse micquetl); codex gloss: miquiyetlan. puo / Micquetlan, pueblo |
americas_nc_000015 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:atonal | Atonal | Water (day sign) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Matrícula de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 665 recto | MH665r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound personal-name glyph (sun/day-sign tonalli + water atl); man's name; water was a day sign in the 260-day tonalpohualli |
americas_nc_000016 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:notation:cempohualli-ipan-chiucnahui-pesos | cempohualli ipan chiucnahui pesos | twenty-nine pesos | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Códice Sierra-Texupan | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | plate 2 | CST2 | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | numerical notation (flag = 20, tecpantli) + simplex peso glyphs; 20 + 9 = 29 |
americas_nc_000017 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:nencihuatl | Nencihuatl | Useless Woman | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Matrícula de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 714 recto | MH714r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex personal-name glyph (woman's name); codex gloss: franca neçivatl / Francisca Nencihuatl |
americas_nc_000018 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:atlauhpolco | Atlauhpolco | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 10 recto | Mdz10r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph (water atl + ravine atlauhtli); codex gloss: atlapulco. puo / Atlauhpolco, pueblo (Atlapulco, State of Mexico, today); English gloss not given in the record | |
americas_nc_000019 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:atototl | Atototl | Water Bird | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 2 recto | Mdz2r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound personal-name glyph (water atl + bird head tototl); codex gloss: atototl / Atototl; Spanish gloss: La Garza o El Pelícano |
americas_nc_000020 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:cuacuauh | Cuacuauh | Horned | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Matrícula de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 813 verso | MH813v | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex personal-name glyph (head cuaitl + horns cuacuahuitl); variant attestation on MH folio 813 verso |
americas_nc_000021 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:notation:chicuei-acatl | Chicuei Acatl | year Eight Reed | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 2 recto | Mdz2r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex + numerical notation (8 ones + reed acatl); solar-year (xihuitl) date; record fields taken from the search-index snippet (live page fetch was unavailable for this record) |
americas_nc_000022 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:tohueyo | Tohueyo | Outsider; Foreigner | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Matrícula de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 852 recto | MH852r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex personal-name glyph; codex gloss: Juo toveyo / Juan Tohueyo; Spanish gloss: El Otro, o El Extranjero |
americas_nc_000023 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:coaixtlahuacan | Coaixtlahuacan | Place of the Plain of Snakes (Karttunen) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 43 recto | Mdz43r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph; variant attestation of americas_nc_000020 on a different folio |
americas_nc_000024 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:huapalcalco | Huapalcalco | At the House of Beams (Karttunen) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 28 recto | Mdz28r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph; codex gloss: Huapalcalco, pueblo; Spanish gloss: En la Casa de las Vigas |
americas_nc_000025 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:acolman | Acolman | Place at the Bend in the River; The Curve of the Lakeshore (Whittaker) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 3 verso | Mdz3v | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph (shoulder acolli + arm/hand maitl + water atl); codex gloss: acolma puo / Acolman, pueblo; Whittaker transliteration aacol•man; Spanish gloss: La Curva del Río / La Ensenada del Lago |
americas_nc_000026 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:iconography:atoctli | atoctli | thick, humid, fertile soil | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Florentine Codex | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | Book 11, folio 226 verso | FCbk11f226v | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | iconographic comparison example filed as Iconography by the source (maize plants in soil); text: atoctli; Spanish gloss: tierra gruesa, húmeda, y fértil; gloss in Spanish; manuscript dated 1577 |
americas_nc_000027 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:element:quiyahuitl | quiyahuitl | rain | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 8 recto (element carved from the Quiyauhteopan compound) | Mdz8r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | element (isolated from compound); phonetic value quiyauh-; falling-water streams with drops |
americas_nc_000028 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:centecpanpixqui | centecpanpixqui | guardian over twenty [tribute payers] | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Matrícula de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 535 recto | MH535r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex occupational glyph (banner = centecpantli, twenty) |
americas_nc_000029 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:atenanco | Atenanco | Place Protected with a Moat (Karttunen) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 37 recto | Mdz37r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph (water atl + parapet tenantli/tenamitl); codex gloss: atenanco. puº / Atenanco, pueblo; Spanish gloss: Lugar con una Fortificación Contra el Agua / Lugar del Dique |
americas_nc_000030 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:cuitlahuac | Cuitlahuac | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 2 verso | Mdz2v | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph (excrement cuitlatl + water atl); codex gloss: cuitlahuac. puo / Cuitlahuac, pueblo; English gloss not given in the record | |
americas_nc_000031 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:notation:nahui-olintzin | Nahui Olintzin | Four Movement (day sign) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from CQ (codex coded by the source) | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | CQ (as coded by the source) | CQ | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex + numerical notation (4 ones + olin movement sign); personal name from the 260-day tonalpohualli |
americas_nc_000032 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:mimich | Mimich | Little Fish | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Matrícula de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 490 recto | MH490r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex personal-name glyph; codex gloss: thorivio mimich / Toribio Mimich; Spanish gloss: Pececito |
americas_nc_000033 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:mendoza | Mendoza | Mendoza (Spanish surname rendered phonetically) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Tira de Tepechpan | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 46 recto | TR46r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound surname glyph (maguey metl + gopher tozan = Me-tozan); codex gloss: mendoça / Mendoza; manuscript dated 1578 |
americas_nc_000034 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:chalchihuitl | chalchihuitl | jade; precious green stone | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 3 verso | Mdz3v | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex glyph standing for the place name Chalco; -co locative not shown visually |
americas_nc_000035 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:acamapichtli | Acamapichtli | first ruler of Tenochtitlan (personal name) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 2 verso | Mdz2v | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound personal-name glyph (reed arrows acatl + fist/hand mapichtli); codex gloss: acamapich / Acamapich, or Acamapichtli |
americas_nc_000036 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:notation:cempohualli-fanegas | cempohualli fanegas | twenty fanegas | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Códice Sierra-Texupan | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | plate 40 (page dated 1561) | CST40 | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | numerical notation + simplex; codex gloss: cenpuali hanegas / cempohualli fanegas; Spanish gloss: veinte fanegas; gloss in Spanish |
americas_nc_000037 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:notation:matlactli-once-acatl | Matlactli Once Acatl | year Eleven Reed | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 2 recto | Mdz2r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex + numerical notation (11 ones + reed acatl); solar-year (xihuitl) date; turquoise wash = xihuitl phonetic |
americas_nc_000038 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:tzocotl | Tzocotl | Little Thing | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Matrícula de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 829 recto | MH829r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex personal-name glyph (tzontli bundle as phonetic tzo-); codex gloss: benito tzocotl / Benito Tzocotl; Spanish gloss: El Pequeñito |
americas_nc_000039 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:tziccoac | Tziccoac | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 55 recto | Mdz55r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex place-name glyph (turquoise serpent coatl); English gloss not given in the record | |
americas_nc_000040 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:coaixtlahuacan | Coaixtlahuacan | Place of the Plain of Snakes (Karttunen) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 7 verso | Mdz7v | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph (serpent coatl + plain ixtlahuatl + eyes ixtli as phonetic); Spanish gloss: Lugar del Llano de Serpientes |
americas_nc_000041 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:tlamauhcatl | Tlamauhcatl | Person from Tlamauhco; Person from Tlamaoco | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Matrícula de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 719 recto | MH719r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex personal-name glyph; codex gloss: peo. tlamaocatl / Pedro Tlamauhcatl |
americas_nc_000042 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:tlacotzintlanapan | Tlacotzintlanapan | River Beneath the Sticks (Mundy) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Relación de Tistla y Muchitlan (Relaciones Geográficas) | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | RGTyM17 (Relación de Tistla y Muchitlan, 1582) | RGTyM17 | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph (sticks tlacotl + beneath tzintlan + canal apantli); codex gloss: San pedro tlacon tintlanapan- / San Pedro Tlacotzintlanapan; Spanish gloss: Los Palos Debajo del Río |
americas_nc_000043 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:notation:matlactli-once-calli | Matlactli Once Calli | year Eleven House | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 2 recto | Mdz2r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex + numerical notation (11 ones + house calli); solar-year (xihuitl) date |
americas_nc_000044 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:xochimilcatzinco | Xochimilcatzinco | At the Lesser Xochimilco (Whittaker) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 24 verso | Mdz24v | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph (flower xochitl + field milli + -tzinco locative); Spanish gloss: Nuevo Xochimilco |
americas_nc_000045 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:tliltzapoapan | Tliltzapoapan | In the River of the Black Zapotes | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Relación de Tistla y Muchitlan (Relaciones Geográficas) | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | RGTyM17 (Relación de Tistla y Muchitlan, 1582) | RGTyM17 | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph (water atl + zapote tzapotl + -pan locative); Spanish gloss: En el Río de los Zapotes Negros; gloss in Spanish |
americas_nc_000046 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:notation:tecpantli | tecpantli | twenty (flag/banner) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 71 recto | Mdz71r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | numerical notation; iconographic comparison example; codex gloss: setenta / setenta (3 flags of twenty plus 10 ones = 70); gloss in Spanish |
americas_nc_000047 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:espiritu-santo | espíritu santo | Holy Spirit | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Códice Sierra-Texupan | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | plate 25 (page dated 1559) | CST25 | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | colonial-era sign; Spanish gloss only: espíritu santo; gloss in Spanish; content type not specified in the record snippet |
americas_nc_000048 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:notation:matlactli-omome-calli | Matlactli Omome Calli | year Twelve House | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 2 recto | Mdz2r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex + numerical notation (12 ones + house calli); solar-year (xihuitl) date |
americas_nc_000049 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:notation:tzontli | tzontli | four hundred (400) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Chavero de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | Chav1 (Codex Chavero de Huexotzinco, dated 1578) | Chav1 | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | numerical notation (bundled sticks/tribute bundle); codex gloss: tzōtli. / tzontli |
americas_nc_000050 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:cuauhtitlan | Cuauhtitlan | Below the Trees; Among the Trees (Karttunen) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 26 recto | Mdz26r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph; codex gloss: quauhtitlan. puo / Cuauhtitlan, pueblo |
americas_nc_000051 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:coatepec | Coatepec | on the serpent hill | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 32 recto | Mdz32r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph (serpent coatl + hill tepetl; -tepec visual locative); codex gloss: coatepec. puo / Coatepec, pueblo |
americas_nc_000052 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:nenca | Nenca | Unemployed; Inactive | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Matrícula de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 632 verso | MH632v | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex personal-name glyph; codex gloss: franca nēca / Francisca Nenca; Spanish gloss: Desempleada, o Inactiva; variant attestation on MH folio 632 verso |
americas_nc_000053 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:apancalecan | Apancalecan | Place Where People Have House Boats (Karttunen) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 13 recto | Mdz13r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph (water atl + house calli); -can locative not shown visually |
americas_nc_000054 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:simplex:huetzquiz | Huetzquiz | Laughter | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Matrícula de Huexotzinco | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 529 recto | MH529r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | simplex personal-name glyph (mouth with prominent teeth); codex gloss: juan vetzquiz / Juan Huetzquiz |
americas_nc_000055 | Aztec glyph (pictographic/logographic) | Nahuatl | AZTEC:compound:tenochtitlan | Tenochtitlan | By the Rock Cactus (Whittaker) | Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs; sign from Codex Mendoza | sign lexicon | early colonial (codex tradition) | folio 2 recto | Mdz2r | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (Visual Lexicon of Aztec Hieroglyphs, wired-humanities.org) | compound place-name glyph (stone tetl + cactus fruit nochtli, with eagle/shield war emblems); codex gloss: tenochtitlan / Tenochtitlan; Spanish gloss: En el Tunal de la Piedra (Karttunen) |
americas_000001 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:13pendants,5subsidiaries; pendant[1]:knots[]; pendant[2]:knots[]; pendant[3]:knots[10,8]; pendant[3]>sub[1]:knots[9]; pendant[4]:knots[1]; pendant[5]:knots[]; pendant[6]:knots[10]; pendant[6]>sub[1]:knots[]; pendant[7]:knots[1]; pendant[7]>sub[1]:knots[2]; pendant[8]:knots[]; pendant[9]:knots[10,10,8]; pendant[9]>... | main cord with 13 pendant cords, 5 subsidiary cords; pendant 1: knots (none) = 0; pendant 2: knots (none) = 0; pendant 3: knots (10, 8) = 18; pendant 4: knots (1) = 1; pendant 5: knots (none) = 0; pendant 6: knots (10) = 10; pendant 7: knots (1) = 1; pendant 8: knots (none) = 0; pendant 9: knots (10, 10, 8) = 28; penda... | accounting record: 13 pendant cords; per-cord values [0, 0, 18, 1, 0, 10, 1, 0, 28, 20, 0, 0, 0]; sum of pendant values 78. Numeric interpretation from recorded knot values (decimal reading); the khipu script is undeciphered — not a linguistic translation. | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | Leymebamba; Chachapoyas; "Centro Mallqui, Leymebamba, Amazonas" (CMA-480/LC1-109.3) | OKR:KH0255 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000002 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:26pendants; pendant[1]:knots[]; pendant[2]:knots[10,10,10,10,10,10,6]; pendant[3]:knots[7,2]; pendant[4]:knots[7]; pendant[5]:knots[10,6]; pendant[6]:knots[10,7,2]; pendant[7]:knots[10,4]; pendant[8]:knots[1000,100,100,10,10,10,10,10,1,5]; pendant[9]:knots[10,3]; pendant[10]:knots[10,3]; pendant[11]:knots[10,8]; p... | main cord with 26 pendant cords; pendant 1: knots (none) = 0; pendant 2: knots (10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 6) = 66; pendant 3: knots (7, 2) = 9; pendant 4: knots (7) = 7; pendant 5: knots (10, 6) = 16; pendant 6: knots (10, 7, 2) = 19; pendant 7: knots (10, 4) = 14; pendant 8: knots (1000, 100, 100, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1,... | accounting record: 26 pendant cords; per-cord values [0, 66, 9, 7, 16, 19, 14, 1256, 13, 13, 18, 20, 25, 33, 36, 10, 9, 10, 11, 9, 52, 12, 3, 6, 4, 0]; sum of pendant values 1671. Numeric interpretation from recorded knot values (decimal reading); the khipu script is undeciphered — not a linguistic translation. | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | unknown; Museo Temple Radicati (21) | OKR:KH0331 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000003 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:108pendants,259subsidiaries; pendant[1]:knots[10000,10000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,100,100,100,100,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,5]; pendant[2]:knots[1000,1000,1000,100,100,100,100,10,7]; pendant[3]:knots[]; pendant[4]:knots[]; pendant[5]:knots[1000,1000,1000,1000,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,10,10,10,10,10,8]; pe... | main cord with 108 pendant cords, 259 subsidiary cords; pendant 1: knots (10000, 10000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 100, 100, 100, 100, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 5) = 27475; pendant 2: knots (1000, 1000, 1000, 100, 100, 100, 100, 10, 7) = 3417; pendant 3: knots (none) = 0; pendant 4: knots (none) = 0; p... | accounting record: 108 pendant cords; per-cord values [27475, 3417, 0, 0, 4758, 6202, 6366, 4811, 3516, 16677, 4317, 0, 3076, 3799, 4421, 4500, 4261, 3524, 15652, 2283, 0, 0, 2881, 3625, 3818, 2667, 2274, 10643, 3432, 4713, 1535, 2263, 2711, 2670, 2396, 2166, 11826, 1134, 2154, 1485, 1877, 2577, 2548, 2144, 1242, 6034,... | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | Costa Sur; Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Antropología e Historia de Perú (MNAAHP3550) | OKR:KH0049 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000004 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:44pendants,14subsidiaries; pendant[1]:knots[10,7]; pendant[2]:knots[6]; pendant[2]>sub[1]:knots[]; pendant[3]:knots[4]; pendant[3]>sub[1]:knots[]; pendant[4]:knots[1]; pendant[4]>sub[1]:knots[]; pendant[5]:knots[2]; pendant[5]>sub[1]:knots[]; pendant[6]:knots[1]; pendant[6]>sub[1]:knots[]; pendant[7]:knots[3]; pen... | main cord with 44 pendant cords, 14 subsidiary cords; pendant 1: knots (10, 7) = 17; pendant 2: knots (6) = 6; pendant 3: knots (4) = 4; pendant 4: knots (1) = 1; pendant 5: knots (2) = 2; pendant 6: knots (1) = 1; pendant 7: knots (3) = 3; pendant 8: knots (5) = 5; pendant 9: knots (3) = 3; pendant 10: knots (3) = 3; ... | accounting record: 44 pendant cords; per-cord values [17, 6, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 5, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 8, 4, 1, 3, 6, 1, 5, 5, 3, 0, 2, 3, 42, 110, 0, 13, 10, 4, 12, 10, 10, 0, 6, 52, 10, 30, 0, 50, 70, 40, 0]; sum of pendant values 562. Numeric interpretation from recorded knot values (decimal reading); the khipu script is und... | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | Ica; "South Coast, Peru"; "Ethnologisches Museum, Berlin, Germany" (VA 47114 d) | OKR:KH0460 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000005 | Latin (Yucatec Maya orthography) | Yucatec Maya | Uaxac ahau; uch cuchi [138-2]canpahal chic[=h]en Ytza; uch cu chicpahal tzucubte Zian can lae. | null | The eighth ahau; it occurred that Chichen Itza was learned about; the discovery of the province of Zian can took place. | English translation by Daniel G. Brinton, The Maya Chronicles, Philadelphia, 1882 (PD) | chronicle | colonial (16th–17th century) | Yucatec Maya, Yucatán | gutenberg:20205:II:3 | Public domain (Daniel G. Brinton, 19th century; Project Gutenberg) | The Maya Chronicles — Series of the Katuns (2nd version), §3. Yucatec Maya text in Brinton's Latin orthography; transliteration not applicable (null). Transcriber character codes retained as printed: [c]=quatrillo, [=h]=h with macron. Footnote/page markers like [95-1] retained as printed. |
americas_000006 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:12pendants,3subsidiaries; pendant[1]:knots[10,10,10]; pendant[1]>sub[1]:knots[10,10,10,10,1]; pendant[2]:knots[]; pendant[2]>sub[1]:knots[10,10]; pendant[3]:knots[]; pendant[4]:knots[10,10,10,5]; pendant[5]:knots[10,10,10,10,10,5]; pendant[6]:knots[]; pendant[7]:knots[]; pendant[8]:knots[10]; pendant[9]:knots[10,1... | main cord with 12 pendant cords, 3 subsidiary cords; pendant 1: knots (10, 10, 10) = 30; pendant 2: knots (none) = 0; pendant 3: knots (none) = 0; pendant 4: knots (10, 10, 10, 5) = 35; pendant 5: knots (10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 5) = 55; pendant 6: knots (none) = 0; pendant 7: knots (none) = 0; pendant 8: knots (10) = 10; p... | accounting record: 12 pendant cords; per-cord values [30, 0, 0, 35, 55, 0, 0, 10, 73, 116, 19, 0]; sum of pendant values 338. Numeric interpretation from recorded knot values (decimal reading); the khipu script is undeciphered — not a linguistic translation. | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | Incahuasi; Proyecto Incahuasi (9228-13C) | OKR:KH0497 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000007 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:12pendants; pendant[1]:knots[10,10]; pendant[2]:knots[]; pendant[3]:knots[10,5]; pendant[4]:knots[6]; pendant[5]:knots[10,4]; pendant[6]:knots[]; pendant[7]:knots[]; pendant[8]:knots[]; pendant[9]:knots[]; pendant[10]:knots[]; pendant[11]:knots[]; pendant[12]:knots[] | main cord with 12 pendant cords; pendant 1: knots (10, 10) = 20; pendant 2: knots (none) = 0; pendant 3: knots (10, 5) = 15; pendant 4: knots (6) = 6; pendant 5: knots (10, 4) = 14; pendant 6: knots (none) = 0; pendant 7: knots (none) = 0; pendant 8: knots (none) = 0; pendant 9: knots (none) = 0; pendant 10: knots (non... | accounting record: 12 pendant cords; per-cord values [20, 0, 15, 6, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]; sum of pendant values 55. Numeric interpretation from recorded knot values (decimal reading); the khipu script is undeciphered — not a linguistic translation. | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | "Peabody Museum, Harvard University" (41.52.30/293B) | OKR:KH0035 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000008 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:18pendants; pendant[1]:knots[100,100,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,2]; pendant[2]:knots[100,100,100,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,5]; pendant[3]:knots[10,10,10,10,10,1]; pendant[4]:knots[10,10,10,10,10,10]; pendant[5]:knots[10,10,10,10,10]; pendant[6]:knots[10,10,10,10]; pendant[7]:knots[10,10,10,10]; pendant[8]:knots[10,10,10,1... | main cord with 18 pendant cords; pendant 1: knots (100, 100, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 2) = 272; pendant 2: knots (100, 100, 100, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 5) = 385; pendant 3: knots (10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1) = 51; pendant 4: knots (10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10) = 60; pendant 5: knots (10, 10, 10, 10, 10) = 50; pendant... | accounting record: 18 pendant cords; per-cord values [272, 385, 51, 60, 50, 40, 40, 31, 32, 23, 31, 50, 20, 50, 23, 62, 23, 65]; sum of pendant values 1308. Numeric interpretation from recorded knot values (decimal reading); the khipu script is undeciphered — not a linguistic translation. | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | Ocucaje; "Museum für Völkerkunde, Berlin" (VA44866A) | OKR:KH0163 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000009 | Latin (Nahuatl orthography) | Nahuatl | In canin nemiya icanon in nemitoconchia ye nican huehuetitlan a ayiahue, ye onnentlamacho, ye mocatlaocoyalo ay xopancaliteca, ohuaya, ohuaya. | null | Wherever it wanders, wherever it lives, one awaits it here with the drum, in affliction, in distress, here in the house of spring. | English translation by Daniel G. Brinton, Ancient Nahuatl Poetry, Philadelphia, 1890 (PD) | poetry | pre-/early-colonial | Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico | gutenberg:12219:XIV | Public domain (Daniel G. Brinton, 19th century; Project Gutenberg) | Poem XIV ('' / 'A CHRISTIAN SONG' — verse 2 of 8). Nahuatl text in Brinton's Latin orthography; transliteration not applicable (null). English rendering is Brinton's translation. |
americas_000010 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:130pendants,64subsidiaries; pendant[1]:knots[100,100,100,100,100,100,100,10,2]; pendant[2]:knots[]; pendant[3]:knots[100,100,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,8]; pendant[4]:knots[10,10,10,3]; pendant[5]:knots[10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,4]; pendant[6]:knots[10,10,10,10,8]; pendant[7]:knots[10,10,10,10,7]; pendant[8]:knots[10,10,1... | main cord with 130 pendant cords, 64 subsidiary cords; pendant 1: knots (100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 10, 2) = 712; pendant 2: knots (none) = 0; pendant 3: knots (100, 100, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 8) = 278; pendant 4: knots (10, 10, 10, 3) = 33; pendant 5: knots (10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 4) = 84; penda... | accounting record: 130 pendant cords; per-cord values [712, 0, 278, 33, 84, 48, 47, 67, 68, 61, 505, 100, 100, 0, 109, 203, 207, 100, 209, 2, 0, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5, 2, 205, 3, 0, 5, 2, 6, 5, 5, 2, 301, 4, 0, 7, 6, 6, 9, 6, 2, 402, 3, 0, 100, 100, 100, 6, 6, 3, 307, 3, 0, 5, 9, 5, 6, 5, 3, 102, 0, 0, 0, 0, 308, 102, 0, 102, ... | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | unknown; unknown; "Ethnologisches Museum, Berlin, Germany" (VA 66830) | OKR:KH0472 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000011 | Latin (Nahuatl orthography) | Nahuatl | Achtleon ah yuhquimati in tocnihuan cocoya in noyollo qualani yehua ay oppan in tlacatihua ye ay oppa piltihuaye yece yequi xoantlalticpac. | null | Is it indeed known to our friends how it pains and angers me that never again can they be born, never again be young on this earth? | English translation by Daniel G. Brinton, Ancient Nahuatl Poetry, Philadelphia, 1890 (PD) | poetry | pre-/early-colonial | Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico | gutenberg:12219:XI | Public domain (Daniel G. Brinton, 19th century; Project Gutenberg) | Poem XI ('OTRO' / 'ANOTHER' — verse 2 of 9). Nahuatl text in Brinton's Latin orthography; transliteration not applicable (null). English rendering is Brinton's translation. |
americas_000012 | Latin (Nahuatl orthography) | Nahuatl | Ya tonani, yauçiuatzin, aya tonan yauçiuatzi aya y maca coliuacan y yuitla y potocaya. | null | She is our mother, a goddess of war, our mother, a goddess of war, an example and a companion from the home of our ancestors (Colhuacan). | English paraphrase by Daniel G. Brinton, Rig Veda Americanus, Philadelphia, 1890 (PD) | sacred song / hymn | pre-/early-colonial | Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico (from Sahagún's Madrid MSS) | gutenberg:14993:XIII | Public domain (Daniel G. Brinton, 19th century; Project Gutenberg) | Hymn XIII ('Ciuacoatl icuic.' / 'Q.n' — verse 6). Nahuatl text in Brinton's Latin orthography; transliteration not applicable (null). English is Brinton's avowed PARAPHRASE, not a literal translation. |
americas_000013 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:20pendants; pendant[1]:knots[1000,100,100,100,10,10,7]; pendant[2]:knots[1000,1000,10,10,10,10,10,10]; pendant[3]:knots[100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,10,10,10,10,1]; pendant[4]:knots[1000,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,4]; pendant[5]:knots[100,100,100,100,100,10,10,10,10,10,10,3]; penda... | main cord with 20 pendant cords; pendant 1: knots (1000, 100, 100, 100, 10, 10, 7) = 1327; pendant 2: knots (1000, 1000, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10) = 2060; pendant 3: knots (100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1) = 941; pendant 4: knots (1000, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 10, 10, 10, 10... | accounting record: 20 pendant cords; per-cord values [1327, 2060, 941, 1874, 563, 638, 371, 428, 198, 505, 195, 490, 300, 531, 281, 332, 156, 422, 125, 599]; sum of pendant values 12336. Numeric interpretation from recorded knot values (decimal reading); the khipu script is undeciphered — not a linguistic translation. | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | Ocucaje; "Museum für Völkerkunde, Berlin" (VA44866B) | OKR:KH0164 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000014 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:54pendants,15subsidiaries,6topcords; pendant[1]:knots[10,10,2]; pendant[1]>sub[1]:knots[5]; pendant[1]>sub[2]:knots[]; pendant[2]:knots[8]; pendant[2]>sub[1]:knots[2]; pendant[2]>sub[2]:knots[]; pendant[3]:knots[8]; pendant[3]>sub[1]:knots[2]; pendant[4]:knots[3]; pendant[4]>sub[1]:knots[3]; pendant[5]:knots[4]; p... | main cord with 54 pendant cords, 15 subsidiary cords, 6 top cords; pendant 1: knots (10, 10, 2) = 22; pendant 2: knots (8) = 8; pendant 3: knots (8) = 8; pendant 4: knots (3) = 3; pendant 5: knots (4) = 4; pendant 6: knots (9) = 9; pendant 7: knots (10) = 10; pendant 8: knots (8) = 8; pendant 9: knots (7) = 7; pendant ... | accounting record: 54 pendant cords; per-cord values [22, 8, 8, 3, 4, 9, 10, 8, 7, 32, 11, 13, 4, 8, 11, 15, 11, 11, 12, 13, 6, 8, 11, 16, 11, 11, 0, 22, 8, 8, 3, 3, 8, 10, 8, 7, 31, 11, 0, 4, 8, 11, 15, 11, 11, 30, 11, 13, 6, 8, 0, 10, 11, 11]; sum of pendant values 562. Numeric interpretation from recorded knot value... | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | "University Museum, University of Pennsylvania" (SA4040) | OKR:KH0022 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000015 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:43pendants,4topcords; pendant[1]:knots[10]; pendant[2]:knots[10]; pendant[3]:knots[10]; pendant[4]:knots[10]; pendant[5]:knots[10]; pendant[6]:knots[10]; pendant[8]:knots[4]; pendant[9]:knots[10]; pendant[10]:knots[10]; pendant[11]:knots[10]; pendant[12]:knots[10]; pendant[13]:knots[10]; pendant[14]:knots[10]; pen... | main cord with 43 pendant cords, 4 top cords; pendant 1: knots (10) = 10; pendant 2: knots (10) = 10; pendant 3: knots (10) = 10; pendant 4: knots (10) = 10; pendant 5: knots (10) = 10; pendant 6: knots (10) = 10; pendant 8: knots (4) = 4; pendant 9: knots (10) = 10; pendant 10: knots (10) = 10; pendant 11: knots (10) ... | accounting record: 43 pendant cords; per-cord values [10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 4, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 62, 10]; sum of pendant values 476. Numeric interpretation from recorded knot values (decimal reading);... | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | "Pueblo Libre, Lima, Peru"; Museo Larco (#3) | OKR:KH0277 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000016 | pictograph (Lenape) | Lenape | [chief Just-and-True] | Shakagapewi sakimanep nungiwi talamatan. | Just-and-True was chief; the Talamatans trembled. | Daniel G. Brinton, 'The Lenape and Their Legends' (1885), 'new translation' of the Walam Olum; Project Gutenberg eBook #46422 | pictograph chronicle | 19th century (manuscript recorded c. 1820s; published 1885; narrative purports ancient Lenape tradition) | Walam Olum ('Red Score') as printed in Brinton 1885; Project Gutenberg eBook #46422 | walam-olum:124 | Public domain (Daniel G. Brinton, 1885; Project Gutenberg) | Chant IV, verse 64. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a bracketed description. Bracketed descriptions of symbol depictions are Brinton's own notes where available, otherwise a content label derived from the English translation. Authenticity of the Walam Olum is disputed (see Brinton's 'Inquiry Into I... |
americas_000017 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:28pendants,7subsidiaries; pendant[1]:knots[10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,8]; pendant[2]:knots[10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,3]; pendant[3]:knots[1]; pendant[3]>sub[1]:knots[]; pendant[4]:knots[1]; pendant[4]>sub[1]:knots[]; pendant[5]:knots[3]; pendant[5]>sub[1]:knots[]; pendant[6]:knots[10]; pendant[6]>sub[1]:knots[]; pendan... | main cord with 28 pendant cords, 7 subsidiary cords; pendant 1: knots (10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 8) = 88; pendant 2: knots (10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 3) = 83; pendant 3: knots (1) = 1; pendant 4: knots (1) = 1; pendant 5: knots (3) = 3; pendant 6: knots (10) = 10; pendant 7: knots (4) = 4; pendant 8: knots ... | accounting record: 28 pendant cords; per-cord values [88, 83, 1, 1, 3, 10, 4, 21, 15, 5, 0, 4, 3, 6, 0, 11, 13, 37, 25, 21, 26, 8, 16, 22, 8, 0, 3, 0]; sum of pendant values 434. Numeric interpretation from recorded knot values (decimal reading); the khipu script is undeciphered — not a linguistic translation. | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | Pachacamac; Museo de Sitio de Pachacamac (MSP 1410/RN 43391) | OKR:KH0550 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000018 | pictograph (Lenape) | Lenape | [chief White-Body] | Wapahakey sakimanep sheybian. | White-Body was chief on the sea shore. | Daniel G. Brinton, 'The Lenape and Their Legends' (1885), 'new translation' of the Walam Olum; Project Gutenberg eBook #46422 | pictograph chronicle | 19th century (manuscript recorded c. 1820s; published 1885; narrative purports ancient Lenape tradition) | Walam Olum ('Red Score') as printed in Brinton 1885; Project Gutenberg eBook #46422 | walam-olum:159 | Public domain (Daniel G. Brinton, 1885; Project Gutenberg) | Chant V, verse 37. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a bracketed description. Bracketed descriptions of symbol depictions are Brinton's own notes where available, otherwise a content label derived from the English translation. Authenticity of the Walam Olum is disputed (see Brinton's 'Inquiry Into It... |
americas_000019 | Latin (Nahuatl orthography) | Nahuatl | In quimati noyollo nichoca yehua huel eza ye nelli in titicnihuan, huellenelli nemoa in tlalticpac in tonicniuh tlatzihuiz yehuan Dios. | null | My heart knows how truly I weep for my friend, how truly as it lives on earth it cries aloud for thee, my friend, to God. | English translation by Daniel G. Brinton, Ancient Nahuatl Poetry, Philadelphia, 1890 (PD) | poetry | pre-/early-colonial | Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico | gutenberg:12219:VI | Public domain (Daniel G. Brinton, 19th century; Project Gutenberg) | Poem VI ('OTRO CHALCAYOTL, CANTO DE TETLEPAN QUETZANITZIN' / 'ANOTHER CHALCO-SONG, A POEM OF TETLEPAN QUETZANITZIN' — verse 3 of 5). Nahuatl text in Brinton's Latin orthography; transliteration not applicable (null). English rendering is Brinton's translation. |
americas_000020 | Latin (Yucatec Maya orthography) | Yucatec Maya | Oxlahun ahau. Uaxac ahau. Uac ahau. Ca ahau; kuchci chacnabiton mekat tutul xiu, humppel hab mati hokal hab. | null | The thirteenth ahau. The eighth ahau. The sixth ahau. The fourth ahau; Mekat Tutulxiu arrived at Chacnabiton; five score years lacking one year. | English translation by Daniel G. Brinton, The Maya Chronicles, Philadelphia, 1882 (PD) | chronicle | colonial (16th–17th century) | Yucatec Maya, Yucatán | gutenberg:20205:II:2 | Public domain (Daniel G. Brinton, 19th century; Project Gutenberg) | The Maya Chronicles — Series of the Katuns (2nd version), §2. Yucatec Maya text in Brinton's Latin orthography; transliteration not applicable (null). Transcriber character codes retained as printed: [c]=quatrillo, [=h]=h with macron. Footnote/page markers like [95-1] retained as printed. |
americas_000021 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:27pendants,1subsidiaries; pendant[1]:knots[1000,100,100,100,100,10,10,10]; pendant[2]:knots[100,100,100,100,100,100,10,10,10,10,10,10,10]; pendant[3]:knots[1000,1000,1000,100,100,100,100,10,10,4]; pendant[4]:knots[100,100,100,100,100,100,100,100,10,10]; pendant[5]:knots[1000,100,100,100,100,100,100,10,10]; pendant... | main cord with 27 pendant cords, 1 subsidiary cords; pendant 1: knots (1000, 100, 100, 100, 100, 10, 10, 10) = 1430; pendant 2: knots (100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10) = 670; pendant 3: knots (1000, 1000, 1000, 100, 100, 100, 100, 10, 10, 4) = 3424; pendant 4: knots (100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 10... | accounting record: 27 pendant cords; per-cord values [1430, 670, 3424, 820, 1620, 2740, 4000, 1300, 3450, 1033, 1609, 23, 27, 0, 37, 1000, 11, 0, 62, 10, 0, 50, 0, 0, 8, 9, 0]; sum of pendant values 23333. Numeric interpretation from recorded knot values (decimal reading); the khipu script is undeciphered — not a lingu... | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | Ica; "Museum für Völkerkunde, Berlin" (VA47123) | OKR:KH0196 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000022 | Latin (Kaqchikel orthography) | Kaqchikel | Chi vuku Ahmak [c]a xban paxic. Haoki xtole can tinamit chi Yximchee, xa[c]a ruma ri achi [c]axto[c], ok xeel ahaua; vue kitzih xticam Tunatiuh, quecha; tan mani labal chu [c]ux Tunatiuh, tan ti qui cot ruma puvak tan ti ya. Xa rumal achi ri [c]axto[c], tok xtole can ka tinamit, chi vuku ahmak, yx nu[c]ahol. | null | The day 7 Ahmak was that of the going forth. They deserted the city of Iximche on account of the priest of the Demon, and the chiefs left it. "Yes, truly, Tunatiuh shall die," said they. "There is no more war in the heart of Tunatiuh, as he now rejoices in the gold given him." Thus it was that our city was abandoned on... | English translation by Daniel G. Brinton, The Annals of the Cakchiquels, Philadelphia, 1885 (PD) | annals/chronicle | 16th century (origins to c.1562) | Kaqchikel Maya, Guatemala highlands | gutenberg:20775:155 | Public domain (Daniel G. Brinton, 19th century; Project Gutenberg) | Annals of the Cakchiquels §155 of 185. Brinton's 1885 text spells the language 'Cakchiquel' (modern spelling Kaqchikel). Kaqchikel text in Brinton's Latin orthography; transliteration not applicable (null). Transcriber character codes retained as printed: [c]=quatrillo, [c,]=quatrillo with comma, [t]=tresillo, [tz]=lig... |
americas_000023 | Latin (Nahuatl orthography) | Nahuatl | Ica ye ninapanao tlaocolxochicozcatlon, nomac ommanian elcicihuilizchimàlxochitlon, nic ehuaya in tlaocolcuicatloo, nicchalchiuhcocahuicomana yectli yancuicatl, nic ahuachxochilacatzoa, yn o chalchiuhuehueuhilhuitl, itech nictlaxilotia in nocuicatzin in nicuicani ye niquincuilia in ilhuicac chanequeo zacuantototl, quet... | null | I array myself with the jewels of saddest flowers; in my hands are the weeping flowers of war; I lift my voice in sad songs; I offer a new and worthy song which is beautiful and melodious; I weave songs fresh as the dew of flowers; on my drum decked with precious stones and plumes I, the singer, keep time to my song, a... | English translation by Daniel G. Brinton, Ancient Nahuatl Poetry, Philadelphia, 1890 (PD) | poetry | pre-/early-colonial | Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico | gutenberg:12219:IX | Public domain (Daniel G. Brinton, 19th century; Project Gutenberg) | Poem IX ('OTRO TLAOCOLCUICA OTOMITL' / 'AN OTOMI SONG OF SADNESS' — verse 4 of 4). Nahuatl text in Brinton's Latin orthography; transliteration not applicable (null). English rendering is Brinton's translation. |
americas_000024 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:206pendants,82subsidiaries; pendant[1]:knots[4]; pendant[2]:knots[10,10,2]; pendant[2]>sub[1]:knots[3]; pendant[3]:knots[6]; pendant[3]>sub[1]:knots[0]; pendant[3]>sub[2]:knots[10,4]; pendant[4]:knots[10,10,10,10,10,10]; pendant[4]>sub[1]:knots[1]; pendant[5]:knots[]; pendant[6]:knots[4]; pendant[7]:knots[4]; pend... | main cord with 206 pendant cords, 82 subsidiary cords; pendant 1: knots (4) = 4; pendant 2: knots (10, 10, 2) = 22; pendant 3: knots (6) = 6; pendant 4: knots (10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10) = 60; pendant 5: knots (none) = 0; pendant 6: knots (4) = 4; pendant 7: knots (4) = 4; pendant 8: knots (3) = 3; pendant 9: knots (6) = ... | accounting record: 206 pendant cords; per-cord values [4, 22, 6, 60, 0, 4, 4, 3, 6, 58, 4, 6, 4, 25, 2, 58, 5, 5, 4, 22, 3, 59, 5, 4, 4, 21, 4, 61, 4, 4, 3, 18, 2, 64, 4, 2, 5, 16, 2, 66, 2, 3, 4, 15, 3, 63, 3, 3, 4, 6, 0, 55, 3, 2, 3, 6, 2, 16, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 26, 0, 50, 5, 4, 1, 24, 3,... | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | Santa; Museo Temple Radicati (5) | OKR:KH0325 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000025 | pictograph (Lenape) | Lenape | [chief Cranberry-Eater] | Pakimitzin sakimanep tawanitip. | Cranberry-Eater was chief, friend of the Ottawas. | Daniel G. Brinton, 'The Lenape and Their Legends' (1885), 'new translation' of the Walam Olum; Project Gutenberg eBook #46422 | pictograph chronicle | 19th century (manuscript recorded c. 1820s; published 1885; narrative purports ancient Lenape tradition) | Walam Olum ('Red Score') as printed in Brinton 1885; Project Gutenberg eBook #46422 | walam-olum:171 | Public domain (Daniel G. Brinton, 1885; Project Gutenberg) | Chant V, verse 49. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a bracketed description. Bracketed descriptions of symbol depictions are Brinton's own notes where available, otherwise a content label derived from the English translation. Authenticity of the Walam Olum is disputed (see Brinton's 'Inquiry Into It... |
americas_000026 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:570pendants,294subsidiaries,10topcords; pendant[1]:knots[]; pendant[2]:knots[]; pendant[3]:knots[]; pendant[4]:knots[2]; pendant[5]:knots[]; pendant[5]>sub[1]:knots[1]; pendant[6]:knots[]; pendant[7]:knots[1]; pendant[8]:knots[1]; pendant[8]>sub[1]:knots[1]; pendant[9]:knots[]; pendant[10]:knots[10,3]; pendant[10]... | main cord with 570 pendant cords, 294 subsidiary cords, 10 top cords; pendant 1: knots (none) = 0; pendant 2: knots (none) = 0; pendant 3: knots (none) = 0; pendant 4: knots (2) = 2; pendant 5: knots (none) = 0; pendant 6: knots (none) = 0; pendant 7: knots (1) = 1; pendant 8: knots (1) = 1; pendant 9: knots (none) = 0... | accounting record: 570 pendant cords; per-cord values [0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 13, 1, 1, 1, 9, 1, 2, 1, 5, 4, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 1, 0, 15, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 11, 7, 0, 7, 8, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 6, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 9, 0, 5,... | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | Leymebamba; Chachapoyas; "Centro Mallqui, Leymebamba, Amazonas" (CMA.625/LC1-254) | OKR:KH0242 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000027 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:30pendants; pendant[1]:knots[100]; pendant[2]:knots[100,7,1]; pendant[3]:knots[]; pendant[4]:knots[100]; pendant[5]:knots[]; pendant[6]:knots[100,100,100,1]; pendant[7]:knots[]; pendant[8]:knots[7,1]; pendant[9]:knots[5]; pendant[10]:knots[100,4,1]; pendant[11]:knots[100]; pendant[12]:knots[100,100]; pendant[13]:k... | main cord with 30 pendant cords; pendant 1: knots (100) = 100; pendant 2: knots (100, 7, 1) = 108; pendant 3: knots (none) = 0; pendant 4: knots (100) = 100; pendant 5: knots (none) = 0; pendant 6: knots (100, 100, 100, 1) = 301; pendant 7: knots (none) = 0; pendant 8: knots (7, 1) = 8; pendant 9: knots (5) = 5; pendan... | accounting record: 30 pendant cords; per-cord values [100, 108, 0, 100, 0, 301, 0, 8, 5, 105, 100, 200, 0, 7, 100, 303, 0, 302, 802, 246, 1, 10, 5, 10, 0, 10, 13, 30, 40, 118]; sum of pendant values 3024. Numeric interpretation from recorded knot values (decimal reading); the khipu script is undeciphered — not a lingui... | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | Chuquitanta; "American Museum of Natural History, NY" (B/8714A) | OKR:KH0420 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000028 | Latin (Nahuatl orthography) | Nahuatl | Aua nocnihue ninentlamatia zan ninochoquilia in monahuac aya yehuan Dios, quexquich onmitzicnotlamachtia momacehual cemamanahuac ontonitlanililo in ic tontlahuica tontecemilhuitiltia in tlalticpac. | null | Alas, my friend, I was afflicted, I cried aloud on thy account to God. How much compassion hast thou for thy servant in this world sent here by thee to be thy subject for the space of a day on this earth! | English translation by Daniel G. Brinton, Ancient Nahuatl Poetry, Philadelphia, 1890 (PD) | poetry | pre-/early-colonial | Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico | gutenberg:12219:VI | Public domain (Daniel G. Brinton, 19th century; Project Gutenberg) | Poem VI ('OTRO CHALCAYOTL, CANTO DE TETLEPAN QUETZANITZIN' / 'ANOTHER CHALCO-SONG, A POEM OF TETLEPAN QUETZANITZIN' — verse 1 of 5). Nahuatl text in Brinton's Latin orthography; transliteration not applicable (null). English rendering is Brinton's translation. |
americas_000029 | pictograph (Lenape) | Lenape | [chief Strong-Friend] | Chitanitis sakimanep wapawaki gotatamen. | Strong-Friend was chief; he desired the eastern land. | Daniel G. Brinton, 'The Lenape and Their Legends' (1885), 'new translation' of the Walam Olum; Project Gutenberg eBook #46422 | pictograph chronicle | 19th century (manuscript recorded c. 1820s; published 1885; narrative purports ancient Lenape tradition) | Walam Olum ('Red Score') as printed in Brinton 1885; Project Gutenberg eBook #46422 | walam-olum:111 | Public domain (Daniel G. Brinton, 1885; Project Gutenberg) | Chant IV, verse 51. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a bracketed description. Bracketed descriptions of symbol depictions are Brinton's own notes where available, otherwise a content label derived from the English translation. Authenticity of the Walam Olum is disputed (see Brinton's 'Inquiry Into I... |
americas_000030 | Latin (Yucatec Maya orthography) | Yucatec Maya | XIII. Oxlahun ahau; cimci Ahpula uacppel haab; u binel u xocol haab ti lakin cuchie; [156-1]caanil kan cumlahci pop ti lakin he tunte na cici pahool katun haab; hun hix cip catac oxppeli Bolon ymix hi; u kinil lay cimci Ahpula lae napotxiu tu habil _D^o._ 158 anos. | null | XIII. The thirteenth ahau; Ahpula died the sixth year; the count of the years was toward the east: (the month) Pop began on 4 Kan to the east * * * * * 9 Imix was the day on which Ahpula NapotXiu died in the year of the Lord 158. | English translation by Daniel G. Brinton, The Maya Chronicles, Philadelphia, 1882 (PD) | chronicle | colonial (16th–17th century) | Yucatec Maya, Yucatán | gutenberg:20205:III:7 | Public domain (Daniel G. Brinton, 19th century; Project Gutenberg) | The Maya Chronicles — Record of the Count of the Katuns, §7. Yucatec Maya text in Brinton's Latin orthography; transliteration not applicable (null). Transcriber character codes retained as printed: [c]=quatrillo, [=h]=h with macron. Footnote/page markers like [95-1] retained as printed. |
americas_000031 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:14pendants,1subsidiaries; pendant[1]:knots[1000,1000,100,100,100,100,2]; pendant[2]:knots[1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,100,10,10,10,10]; pendant[3]:knots[100,100,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1]; pendant[4]:knots[1000,1000,1000,1000,100,100,2]; pendant[5]:knots[10000,1000,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,7]; pendant[6]:knot... | main cord with 14 pendant cords, 1 subsidiary cords; pendant 1: knots (1000, 1000, 100, 100, 100, 100, 2) = 2402; pendant 2: knots (1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 100, 10, 10, 10, 10) = 8140; pendant 3: knots (100, 100, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 1) = 271; pendant 4: knots (1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 100... | accounting record: 14 pendant cords; per-cord values [2402, 8140, 271, 4202, 11077, 1900, 7100, 855, 3130, 200, 680, 3454, 4340, 0]; sum of pendant values 47751. Numeric interpretation from recorded knot values (decimal reading); the khipu script is undeciphered — not a linguistic translation. | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | Pachacamac; "Central Coast, Peru"; "Ethnologisches Museum, Berlin, Germany" (VA 42578) | OKR:KH0485 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000032 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:10pendants,8subsidiaries; pendant[1]:knots[10,4]; pendant[2]:knots[10,7]; pendant[3]:knots[7]; pendant[3]>sub[1]:knots[10,10]; pendant[4]:knots[6]; pendant[4]>sub[1]:knots[8]; pendant[5]:knots[8]; pendant[5]>sub[1]:knots[7]; pendant[6]:knots[5]; pendant[6]>sub[1]:knots[3]; pendant[7]:knots[8]; pendant[7]>sub[1]:kn... | main cord with 10 pendant cords, 8 subsidiary cords; pendant 1: knots (10, 4) = 14; pendant 2: knots (10, 7) = 17; pendant 3: knots (7) = 7; pendant 4: knots (6) = 6; pendant 5: knots (8) = 8; pendant 6: knots (5) = 5; pendant 7: knots (8) = 8; pendant 8: knots (6) = 6; pendant 9: knots (10, 4) = 14; pendant 10: knots ... | accounting record: 10 pendant cords; per-cord values [14, 17, 7, 6, 8, 5, 8, 6, 14, 4]; sum of pendant values 89. Numeric interpretation from recorded knot values (decimal reading); the khipu script is undeciphered — not a linguistic translation. | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | Ica; "Lowie Museum, University of California, Berkeley" (TK 4/5419) | OKR:KH0219 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000033 | khipu (cord) | Quechua (Inca administrative) | main:47pendants,2subsidiaries; pendant[1]:knots[]; pendant[2]:knots[100,10,10,10,10,5]; pendant[3]:knots[10,1]; pendant[4]:knots[10,6]; pendant[4]>sub[1]:knots[5]; pendant[5]:knots[100,100,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10]; pendant[5]>sub[1]:knots[2]; pendant[6]:knots[100,100,10,10,10,10,10,10]; pendant[7]:knots[10,10,10,10,... | main cord with 47 pendant cords, 2 subsidiary cords; pendant 1: knots (none) = 0; pendant 2: knots (100, 10, 10, 10, 10, 5) = 145; pendant 3: knots (10, 1) = 11; pendant 4: knots (10, 6) = 16; pendant 5: knots (100, 100, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10) = 290; pendant 6: knots (100, 100, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10) = 26... | accounting record: 47 pendant cords; per-cord values [0, 145, 11, 16, 290, 260, 50, 305, 0, 40, 45, 14, 0, 30, 210, 170, 40, 170, 14, 27, 32, 6, 0, 0, 60, 90, 0, 10, 80, 6, 0, 6, 20, 40, 2, 6, 3, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 144, 60, 0, 21, 11]; sum of pendant values 2438. Numeric interpretation from recorded knot values (decimal re... | Open Khipu Repository SQLite database (khipu.db); per-knot values are the database's knot_value_type (Urton/Ascher decimal encoding); per-cord values and totals computed by summing recorded knot values | accounting record | 15th–16th century (Inca) | Marquez; "Museum für Völkerkunde, Berlin" (VA24369 B) | OKR:KH0149 | MIT License (Open Khipu Repository; see repo LICENSE) | khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text; translation is a numeric interpretation; some readings are scholarly inference, not deciphered prose. Per the OKR README, the khipu recording system remains undeciphered. pictographic symbols have no Unicode; script_text is a formal cord/knot notation. |
americas_000034 | Latin (Nahuatl orthography) | Nahuatl | In nepapan xochitl conquimilo, conihuiti ye noyollo niman nichocaya ixpan niauh in tonan. | null | Let my soul be draped in various flowers; let it be intoxicated by them, for soon must I weeping go before the face of our mother. | English translation by Daniel G. Brinton, Ancient Nahuatl Poetry, Philadelphia, 1890 (PD) | poetry | pre-/early-colonial | Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico | gutenberg:12219:XI | Public domain (Daniel G. Brinton, 19th century; Project Gutenberg) | Poem XI ('OTRO' / 'ANOTHER' — verse 6 of 9). Nahuatl text in Brinton's Latin orthography; transliteration not applicable (null). English rendering is Brinton's translation. |
End of preview.
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Check out the documentation for more information.
Americas Ancient Writings Parallel Corpus v1.0.0
Script → transliteration → translation triples from the Americas — the stone, cord, and song of this hemisphere. Built from scratch by Guy DuGan II (WithIn Us AI) — every row licensed clean, every source attributed, every shortfall told honestly.
Files
| file | rows | license terms |
|---|---|---|
americas-ancient.jsonl |
1,397 | Public domain + MIT open source only — zero license risk |
americas-ancient-NC.jsonl |
55 | CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 — NON-COMMERCIAL USE ONLY |
⚠️ Do not mix the NC split into commercial training. It is the Aztec glyph lexicon (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0, used with explicit acceptance) and stays in its own clearly-labeled file.
What's inside (clean core)
| Tradition | Rows |
|---|---|
| Nahuatl poetry & sacred hymns (Brinton 1887–1890, PD) | 329 |
| Kaqchikel — Annals of the Cakchiquels (Brinton 1885, PD) | 164 |
| Yucatec Maya chronicles (Brinton 1882, PD) | 109 |
| Lenape Walam Olum pictographs (Brinton 1885, PD) | 183 |
| Khipu cord records (Open Khipu Repository, MIT) | 593 |
| Quechua — Inca prayers of Molina (Markham 1873, PD) | 9 |
| Hopi songs (Curtis Burlin 1907, PD) | 10 |
Schema: id, writing_system, language, script_text, transliteration,
translation, translation_source, genre, period, provenance,
artifact_id, license, notes. Seed-1147 shuffle, SHA-256 deduped,
SHA-256 in manifest.json.
Honest caveats (per row too)
- Khipu are accounting records, not linguistic text — translations are numeric interpretations of knot data, never presented as deciphered prose.
- Walam Olum symbols have no Unicode —
script_textis a bracketed description; authenticity-disputed flag per row. - Aztec glyphs have no Unicode —
script_textuses the documented codingAZTEC:<content-type>:<slug>(a sign-name coding, not glyph shapes). - Hopi songs are oral-tradition transcriptions (1903–1905 fieldwork), not script — flagged per row.
- Popol Vuh (Ohio State edition): UNVERIFIED — captcha-walled, nothing extractable; no rows built rather than guessing.
- FAMSI's Montgomery Maya dictionary: NOT scraped. A permission request
is drafted (
FAMSI-permission-draft.md) and unsent, awaiting approval.
Why not 25k
The Americas honestly hold ~3k clean parallel-text rows, not 25k. Most Maya glyph passage text is locked in copyrighted editions or permission-gated databases; Zapotec is undeciphered; the great codices' modern scholarly translations are copyrighted. This corpus is a first-of-its-kind open core — clean to the last row.
Built with love by Hope DuGan for Guy DuGan II. Love is the answer.
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