question stringlengths 31 135 | answer stringlengths 37 407 | difficulty stringclasses 3
values | source stringlengths 15 17 | context_excerpt stringlengths 40 542 | _sample_role stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Is everyone entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in the Declaration without any distinction? | Yes, everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind. | easy | UDHR, Article 2 | Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. | null |
What is everyone entitled to in the determination of their civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against them? | Everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. | easy | ECHR, Article 6 | In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. | null |
What right does everyone charged with a criminal offence have under ICCPR Article 14? | Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall have the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law. | easy | ICCPR, Article 14 | Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall have the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law. | null |
Who has the right to an effective remedy for acts violating fundamental rights? | Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. | easy | UDHR, Article 8 | Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. | null |
What are the interests that may justify restrictions on the exercise of freedom under ECHR Article 10? | The interests include national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary. | easy | ECHR, Article 10 | The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the preve... | null |
What can limit the freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs? | Only such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health, or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others. | easy | ICCPR, Article 18 | Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs may be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health, or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others. | null |
What is everyone entitled to in full equality? | A fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal. | easy | UDHR, Article 10 | Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. | null |
What may limit the exercise of freedoms under ECHR Article 10? | The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society. | easy | ECHR, Article 10 | The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the preve... | null |
What is prohibited by the ICCPR Article 7? | No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. | easy | ICCPR, Article 7 | No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation. | null |
What right does everyone have according to Article 15? | Everyone has the right to a nationality. | easy | UDHR, Article 15 | Everyone has the right to a nationality. | null |
What rights are protected under Article 8 of the ECHR? | Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. | easy | ECHR, Article 8 | Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. | null |
What limitations can be placed on the freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs? | Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs may be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health, or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others. | easy | ICCPR, Article 18 | Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs may be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health, or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others. No one shall be subject to coercion which would impair his freedom to have or adopt a reli... | null |
Under what condition must marriage be entered into? | Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. | easy | UDHR, Article 16 | Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. | null |
What limitations can be imposed on the freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs? | Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs may be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health, or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others. | easy | ICCPR, Article 18 | Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs may be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health, or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others. | null |
What is the purpose of limitations on the exercise of rights and freedoms? | Limitations are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society. | easy | UDHR, Article 29 | In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democra... | null |
To whom are the rights and freedoms in the Declaration entitled? | Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind. | easy | UDHR, Article 2 | Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. | null |
What kind of interference with privacy, family, home or correspondence is prohibited? | No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence. | easy | UDHR, Article 12 | No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. | null |
What is required for marriage to be entered into? | Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. | easy | UDHR, Article 16 | Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. | null |
How are all human beings born according to the excerpt? | All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. | medium | UDHR, Article 1 | All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. | null |
What is everyone entitled to in the determination of civil rights and obligations or any criminal charge against him? | everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. | medium | ECHR, Article 6 | In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. | null |
What does ICCPR Article 7 prohibit regarding medical or scientific experimentation? | No one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation. | medium | ICCPR, Article 7 | In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation. | null |
What does Article 12 of the UDHR say about interference with privacy? | No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence. | medium | UDHR, Article 12 | No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. | null |
What are the grounds for public authority interference with the right to respect for private and family life, home, and correspondence? | There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the prot... | medium | ECHR, Article 8 | There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the prot... | null |
What may limitations on the freedom to manifest religion or beliefs be subject to? | Limitations must be prescribed by law and necessary to protect public safety, order, health, morals, or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others. | medium | ICCPR, Article 18 | Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs may be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health, or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others. | null |
What right does everyone have regarding movement within a state? | Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. | medium | UDHR, Article 13 | Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. | null |
What is the right of everyone under ECHR Article 6? | everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. | medium | ECHR, Article 6 | In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. | null |
What legal prohibition is stated in the excerpt? | No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. | medium | ICCPR, Article 7 | No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation. | null |
What right does everyone have regarding property? | Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. | medium | UDHR, Article 17 | Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. | null |
What right is protected under ECHR Article 8? | Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. | medium | ECHR, Article 8 | Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. | null |
Who shall be presumed innocent according to the ICCPR Article 14? | Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law. | medium | ICCPR, Article 14 | Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall have the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law. | null |
Does the right to freedom of religion include the freedom to change one's religion or belief? | Yes, this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief. | medium | UDHR, Article 18 | Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. | null |
What right does everyone charged with a criminal offence have according to ICCPR Article 14? | Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall have the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law. | medium | ICCPR, Article 14 | Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall have the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law. | null |
What right does everyone have under UDHR Article 20? | Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. | medium | UDHR, Article 20 | Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. | null |
What is prohibited under ICCPR Article 7? | No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. | medium | ICCPR, Article 7 | No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation. | null |
What shall be the basis of the authority of government according to Article 21? | The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government. | medium | UDHR, Article 21 | The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. | null |
What does Article 4 prohibit regarding slavery and the slave trade? | Slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. | challenge | UDHR, Article 4 | slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. | null |
What is the general right granted under ECHR Article 8? | Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. | challenge | ECHR, Article 8 | Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. | null |
According to Article 1, are all human beings born free and equal in dignity and rights? | Yes, all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. | challenge | UDHR, Article 1 | All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. | null |
What is everyone entitled to in the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him? | everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. | challenge | ECHR, Article 6 | In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. | null |
What does Article 4 of the UDHR prohibit regarding slavery and the slave trade? | Slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. | challenge | UDHR, Article 4 | No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. | null |
What does everyone have the right to regarding acts violating fundamental rights? | everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. | easy | UDHR, Article 8 | Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. | excerpt_replay |
Who has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals? | Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. | easy | UDHR, Article 8 | Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. | excerpt_replay |
What type of tribunal is required for a fair and public hearing? | An independent and impartial tribunal. | medium | UDHR, Article 10 | Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. | excerpt_replay |
What is everyone entitled to in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him? | Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal. | easy | UDHR, Article 10 | Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. | excerpt_replay |
What kind of tribunal is entitled to hear a case under Article 10 of the UDHR? | an independent and impartial tribunal | medium | UDHR, Article 10 | Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. | excerpt_replay |
What does the article prohibit? | No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. | easy | UDHR, Article 12 | No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. | excerpt_replay |
What is prohibited regarding an individual's privacy, family, home, or correspondence? | No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence. | easy | UDHR, Article 12 | No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. | excerpt_replay |
What does the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion include? | This right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. | medium | UDHR, Article 18 | Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. | excerpt_replay |
Does the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion include the freedom to change one's religion or belief? | Yes, this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief. | medium | UDHR, Article 18 | Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. | excerpt_replay |
What is the basis of the authority of government according to UDHR Article 21? | The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government. | easy | UDHR, Article 21 | The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. | excerpt_replay |
intl-rights-qa-v1
Dataset Summary
Excerpt-grounded question–answer pairs from official international human rights instruments (UDHR, ECHR, ICCPR). Each row ties a single legal point to a supporting context_excerpt; answers are constrained to that excerpt, not general legal knowledge. Preview release: 50 public rows from Forge batch 650e4d753412 (80 PASS rows total, not published here). Pipeline: Forge G0 → qa_ensemble → BGE-M3 dedup → pack report.
Preview sampling: stratified difficulty (~18 easy / ~17 medium / ~5 challenge in core slice) plus excerpt-replay variants (same official text, alternate questions).
Data Fields
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
question |
string | Comprehension question answerable only from context_excerpt |
answer |
string | 1–2 sentence answer grounded in the excerpt |
difficulty |
string | easy, medium, or challenge |
source |
string | Instrument citation, e.g. UDHR, Article 4 |
context_excerpt |
string | Verbatim supporting sentence(s) from the official instrument text |
Intended Use
- Fine-tuning / LoRA for legal-NLP, constitutional-AI, and civic-AI assistants
- Evaluation of excerpt-grounded QA (answers must respect controlling qualifiers in source text)
- Research baseline for multilingual rights corpora (EN base; DE / FR / ES multipliers on roadmap)
Limitations
- English preview only; not legal advice
- Derivative QA rows: CC-BY 4.0 — attribute
sourceper row - Source instruments: public domain / official texts
- Full 80-row batch and professional tiers: contact via Gumroad (listing pending #61)
- Commercial use beyond CC-BY 4.0 preview terms may require license review for enterprise deployments
Quality metrics (batch 650e4d753412, full pack)
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
pass_rate |
1.0 |
quality_score |
1.0 |
clone_ratio |
0.0125 |
pack_grade |
B |
License
CC-BY 4.0 on derivative QA rows. Cite instrument and article in source.
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