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The dataset generation failed
Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    ArrowInvalid
Message:      Schema at index 1 was different: 
nx: int64
ny: int64
nz: int64
n_active: int64
n_global: int64
logical_index: string
inactive_fill: double
vs
states_file: string
shape: list<item: int64>
channels: list<item: string>
dtype: string
layout: string
n_reports: int64
days_file: string
prepend_start_state: struct<source: string, source_index: int64, day: double>
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1837, in _prepare_split_single
                  writer.write_table(table)
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 764, in write_table
                  self.write_rows_on_file()  # in case there are buffered rows to write first
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 662, in write_rows_on_file
                  table = pa.concat_tables(self.current_rows)
                File "pyarrow/table.pxi", line 6320, in pyarrow.lib.concat_tables
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 155, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
                  return check_status(status)
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 92, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
                  raise convert_status(status)
              pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: Schema at index 1 was different: 
              nx: int64
              ny: int64
              nz: int64
              n_active: int64
              n_global: int64
              logical_index: string
              inactive_fill: double
              vs
              states_file: string
              shape: list<item: int64>
              channels: list<item: string>
              dtype: string
              layout: string
              n_reports: int64
              days_file: string
              prepend_start_state: struct<source: string, source_index: int64, day: double>
              
              During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1858, in _prepare_split_single
                  num_examples, num_bytes = writer.finalize()
                                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 781, in finalize
                  self.write_rows_on_file()
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 662, in write_rows_on_file
                  table = pa.concat_tables(self.current_rows)
                File "pyarrow/table.pxi", line 6320, in pyarrow.lib.concat_tables
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 155, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 92, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
                  raise convert_status(status)
              pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: Schema at index 1 was different: 
              nx: int64
              ny: int64
              nz: int64
              n_active: int64
              n_global: int64
              logical_index: string
              inactive_fill: double
              vs
              states_file: string
              shape: list<item: int64>
              channels: list<item: string>
              dtype: string
              layout: string
              n_reports: int64
              days_file: string
              prepend_start_state: struct<source: string, source_index: int64, day: double>
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1369, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
                                                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  )
                  ^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 948, in stream_convert_to_parquet
                  builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1683, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  ):
                  ^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1869, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

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PRESSURE
SWAT
SGAS
RS
oil_prod_rate
water_inj_rate
gas_inj_rate
PORO
NTG
PERMX
PERMY
PERMZ
PORV
DEPTH
TRANX
TRANY
TRANZ
FIPNUM
EQLNUM
ACTNUM
WI
PERF_MASK
NNC_DEGREE
NNC_TRAN_SUM
dt_days
WI
PERF_MASK
NNC_DEGREE
NNC_TRAN_SUM
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End of preview.

ReservoirNeuralBench — Norne dataset and OOD suite

Data companion of DDSirota/reservoir-neural-bench — a controlled benchmark of 20+ neural surrogates for 3-D reservoir simulation on the real Norne field geometry (46×112×22 corner-point grid, 44 431 active cells, OPM Flow ground truth).

No trained checkpoints are distributed here — train the released architectures yourself with the code in the GitHub repository (see Reproduce below).

Contents

path size what
norne_v1/ ~4.1 GB 200 training/validation scenarios (5 warmup start states × 40 control schedules), 60 forecast steps × 30 days. Per scenario: states_active.npy (T, 44431, C) f16, controls (rates_actual.npz), metadata. Root: grid/static tensors, TPFA+NNC graphs, normalization stats (norne_norm_stats.json), audits.
norne_ood_v1/ ~0.7 GB 30 held-out OOD control scenarios (well roles unchanged; only the rate schedule is OOD): far more skewed per-well rate allocation (interwell), field-rate + voidage-replacement intensity beyond training bounds (intensity), and a producer shut mid-run (toggle). Same grid/statics/normalization as norne_v1.

State-channel contract — 4 stored, 3 benchmarked. Each states_active.npy stores four dynamic fields — PRESSURE, SWAT, SGAS, RS (solution GOR). The published benchmark trains on the three-channel target PRESSURE / SWAT / SGAS (this is what the headline numbers and norne_norm_stats.json's meta.state_channels refer to); RS is shipped for extension work. See docs/NORNE_DATASET.md.

Download

pip install -U huggingface_hub
hf download DDSirota/reservoir-neural-bench --repo-type dataset --local-dir data/hf
# older CLI: huggingface-cli download DDSirota/reservoir-neural-bench --repo-type dataset --local-dir data/hf

Partial downloads work too, e.g. only the OOD suite:

hf download DDSirota/reservoir-neural-bench --repo-type dataset \
  --include "norne_ood_v1/*" --local-dir data/hf

Reproduce the headline numbers

No trained checkpoints are published — reproduce_headline.sh retrains the winner (well-gated multi-input TFNO, full-Nyquist, mixed target) for 3 seeds, then rolls it out. Needs a CUDA GPU; expect several GPU-hours total.

git clone https://github.com/DDSirota/reservoir-neural-bench
cd reservoir-neural-bench && pip install -r requirements.txt   # + neuraloperator, see requirements.txt
./reproduce_headline.sh data/hf

Expected (60-step autoregressive rollout, mean relL2 over PRESSURE/SWAT/SGAS at the final step): in-dist 0.0642 ± 0.0009, OOD 0.1071 ± 0.0049 over seeds 42/43/44; pressure RMSE 2.48 bar in-dist / 4.66 bar OOD. Small deviations from retraining are expected (GPU nondeterminism, library versions, hardware). Full tables, per-regime breakdown and the target-parameterization study: docs/RESULTS.md.

Provenance & license

Simulation outputs were generated with the open-source OPM Flow simulator on the Norne benchmark model distributed by the OPM project (open datasets, OPM/opm-data). OPM's opm-data notice applies the Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0 to decks/databases and the Database Contents License (DbCL) v1.0 to their contents unless stated otherwise. This published collection retains those upstream terms, notices, and attribution; no additional rights in the upstream Norne data are granted here. Terms for repository code are stated separately in the GitHub README. Full data attribution: DATA_LICENSE.md. Cite both this benchmark and the OPM/Norne data source.

Citation

@misc{reservoirneuralbench2026,
  author = {Sirota, Daniil},
  title  = {ReservoirNeuralBench: a controlled benchmark of neural surrogates for 3-D reservoir simulation},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://github.com/DDSirota/reservoir-neural-bench}
}
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