Datasets:
riddle_id large_stringlengths 20 77 | community large_stringclasses 62
values | language large_stringclasses 51
values | topic large_stringclasses 93
values | is_wildcard bool 2
classes | riddle_original large_stringlengths 3 443 | riddle_english large_stringlengths 3 462 ⌀ | riddle_hint large_stringclasses 959
values | riddle_note large_stringclasses 541
values | reference_answer_original large_stringlengths 1 105 | reference_answer_english large_stringlengths 1 132 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
afaan_oromo_oromo_politics_001 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Politics | false | Fuuldura mootii teessee fincoofti. | She sits right in front of the king and urinates. | null | null | Jabanaa | Traditional coffee pot |
afaan_oromo_oromo_politics_002 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Politics | false | Teessoo irra ta'a garuu mootii miti; ajaja kenna garuu loltuu miti. | It sits on a throne but is not a king; it gives orders but is not a soldier. | null | null | Abbaa Alangaa | A judge |
afaan_oromo_oromo_politics_003 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Politics | false | Harka hin qabu, garuu nama hedduu qajeelcha. | It has no hands, but it guides many people | null | null | Seera | Law |
afaan_oromo_oromo_politics_004 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Politics | false | Kaffaltii malee kennama, garuu gatiin isaa dhiigaan qofa safarama. | It is given without payment, yet its price is measured only in blood. | null | null | Bilisummaa fi Walabummaa | Freedom and Independence |
afaan_oromo_oromo_politics_005 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Politics | false | Waraqaa xiqqoo garuu humna sibiilaa ol qabdu; mootii kuffiste mootii kaastu. | A piece of paper, yet holding power greater than iron; it overthrows a king and raises a king. | null | null | Waraqaa Filannoo | A ballot |
afaan_oromo_oromo_politics_006 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Politics | false | Osoo afaan hin qabaatin murtee kenna, osoo ija hin qabaatin dhugaa arga. | It delivers judgment without a mouth and sees the truth without eyes. | null | null | Seera | Law |
afaan_oromo_oromo_politics_007 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Politics | false | Waaqaa gadi namaa oli | Below the God, above the person | null | null | Mootii | King |
afaan_oromo_oromo_politics_008 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Politics | false | Aannan unata, dhugaa dubbata. | It drinks milk, it speaks the truth | null | null | Abbaa Gadaa | Leader of the Gadaa System |
afaan_oromo_oromo_politics_009 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Politics | false | Ija hin qabu garuu hunda ilaala, miila hin qabu garuu biyya mara adeema, abbaa aangoo fi hiyyeessa wal-qixxeessa. Inni maali? | It has no eyes yet sees everyone, has no feet yet travels the whole land, and treats the powerful ruler and the poor equally. What is it? | null | null | Seera / Heera | The Law / Constitution |
afaan_oromo_oromo_politics_010 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Politics | false | Qawwee hin qabu; garuu mootummaa nan mo'a. ani maali? | I have no gun, yet I defeat governments. What am I? | null | null | Sagalee uummataa | The voice of the people |
afaan_oromo_oromo_history_011 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | History | false | Bara 1960 keessa kophee qullaa daandii Rome irra fiiguun, dorgomii maraatooniitiin medaaliyaa warqee Olimpiki Afrikaaf isa jalqabaa ta'e moo'achuun seenaa hojjedhe. Ani eenyu? | In 1960, by running barefoot on the streets of Rome and winning the first-ever Olympic gold medal in the marathon for Africa, I made history. Who am I? | null | null | Abbabaa Biqilaa | Abebe Bikila |
afaan_oromo_oromo_history_012 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | History | false | Ani sirna bulchiinsa dimokiraatawaa ganamaa kan taayitaan dabareedhaan waggaa saddeet saddeetiin nagaadhaan itti wal-harkaa fuudhamudha. Ani maali? | I am an ancient democratic governance system where power transfers peacefully every eight years through five rotating generational classes. What am I? | null | null | Sirna Gadaa | Gadaa System |
afaan_oromo_oromo_history_013 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | History | false | Baroota 1960 oota keessa saamama lafaa fi gibira sirna fiyuudaalaa mormuun fincila qonnaan bultoota Gaarreen Baalee keessatti geggeeffamee hoggannaan ture. Ani eenyu? | I led the armed peasant rebellion in the mountains of Bale during the 1960s to fight against feudal land dispossession and taxation. Who am I? | null | null | Waaqoo Guutuu | Wako Gutu |
afaan_oromo_oromo_history_014 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | History | false | Muka guddaa damee shan qabu, waggaa saddeetitti marsaa haaromsu. | A great tree with five main branches that renews its cycle every eight years. | null | null | Sirna Gadaa | Gadaa System |
afaan_oromo_oromo_history_015 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | History | false | Kumaala fi hogganaa waraana abbaa irree kan turan, booda waldaa Wal-gargaarsa Maccaa fi Tuulamaa keessatti gootummaan dammaqina uummataa uumuun qabsoo eenyummaa jalqabsiise. Ani eenyu? | I was an army general who became a key figure in the Macca and Tulama Self-Help Association, awakening popular consciousness and national identity. Who am I? | null | null | Taaddasaa Birruu | Tadesse Birru |
afaan_oromo_oromo_history_016 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | History | false | Bara 1992 dorgoommii Olimpiki Barcelona irratti fiigicha meetira 10,000 dubartootaan medaaliyaa warqee jalqabaa dubartii Afrikaaf fiduun seenaa galmeessiseen ture. Ani eenyu? | At the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, I won Africa's first gold medal for women in the 10,000m event. Who am I? | null | null | Daraartuu Tulluu | Derartu Tulu |
afaan_oromo_oromo_history_017 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | History | false | Bara 1970oota keessa qubee Afaan Oromoo qorachuun sirna barreeffama Qubee Afaan Oromoo boceera. Ani eenyu? | In the 1970s, I conducted linguistic research to standardize and develop the modern Latin-based orthography (Qubee) for Afaan Oromo. Who am I? | null | null | Haayilee Fidaa | Haile Fida |
afaan_oromo_oromo_history_018 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | History | false | Lola malee mo’ata, meeshaa malee araara fida. | It wins without war and brings peace without weapons. | null | null | Jaarsummaa | Eldership (Jaarsummaa) |
afaan_oromo_oromo_history_019 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | History | false | Ani kitaaba miti; garuu seenaa dhalootaa gara dhalootaatti dabarsa. Ani maali? | I am not a book; yet I pass history from generation to generation. What am I? | null | null | Afoola | Oral tradition |
afaan_oromo_oromo_history_020 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | History | false | Ani Jaarraa 19ffaa keessa mootii Jimmaan ture; barri bulchiinsakoos dinaagdee bunaa fi Nageenyaan beekama. ani eenyu? | I was the king of Jimma in the 19th century; my reign was known for the coffee economy and peace. Who am I? | null | null | Abbaa Jifaar II | Abba Jifar II |
afaan_oromo_oromo_geography_021 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Geography | false | Harka hin qabuu nama dhiiba | It has no hands, but it pushes a person | null | null | bubbee | Wind |
afaan_oromo_oromo_geography_022 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Geography | false | Qotiyyoo qotiyyoo baatu | An ox that carries another ox. | null | null | Gaara | Mountain |
afaan_oromo_oromo_geography_023 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Geography | false | Dhiibaa oolii hin socho’u | Push it all day long, yet it will not move | null | null | Gaara | Mountain |
afaan_oromo_oromo_geography_024 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Geography | false | Hamma majii geessi biyya waliin geessi | The size of a grinding stone, yet it spans the whole nation | null | null | Aduu | The sun |
afaan_oromo_oromo_geography_025 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Geography | false | Kophaa deemtii hin sodaattu | She travels all alone and knows no fear | null | null | Biiftuu | The sun |
afaan_oromo_oromo_geography_026 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Geography | false | Maasaa bal’aa keessa shumburaa facaase. | He scattered chickpeas across a wide farm field | null | null | Urjii | the Stars |
afaan_oromo_oromo_geography_027 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Geography | false | Dhihii(oogdii)guddaa atara facaase | He scattered peas across a massive farm land | null | null | Samii fi urjii | The Sky and the Stars |
afaan_oromo_oromo_geography_028 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Geography | false | Ooyiruu guddaa baaqelaa facaase | Sowing beans across a massive field | null | null | Samii fi urjii | The sky and stars |
afaan_oromo_oromo_geography_029 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Geography | false | Birbirsa waarituu simbirri hin qaaritu | A perpetual podocarpus tree, upon which no bird ever perches | null | null | Samii | The sky |
afaan_oromo_oromo_geography_030 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Geography | false | Loon baay’ee keessaa kormaa tokko qofa | Only one bull among a massive herd of cattle. | null | null | Addeessa fi Urjii | The Moon among the stars |
afaan_oromo_oromo_arts_031 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Arts | false | Odoo boochuu kofalti, odoo hootuu marratti | It laughs while it cries; it grumbles while it nurses | null | null | Masiinqoo | A Masinqo (traditional one-stringed violin) |
afaan_oromo_oromo_arts_032 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Arts | false | Buburree akka shaamaa dubbataa akka namaa | Speckled like a woman's dress, speaking like a person | null | null | Barreeffama | Writing/Script |
afaan_oromo_oromo_arts_033 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Arts | false | Adda nyaatet bookisa nama rafe damaqsa | t eats differently, roars, and wakes up a sleeping person | null | null | Dibbee | A Drum |
afaan_oromo_oromo_arts_034 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Arts | false | Harkaan facaasaanii ijaan guuran | They scatter it by hand, and gather it with their eyes. | null | null | Barreefama | Writing |
afaan_oromo_oromo_arts_035 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Arts | false | Hindhamdhamamu gurratti mi’aa | It cannot be tasted, but it is sweet to the ear | null | null | muuziqaa | Music |
afaan_oromo_oromo_arts_036 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Arts | false | Harkaan facaasanii ijaan haamu. | Scattered by hand, harvested by the eyes. | null | null | Barreeffama | Writing |
afaan_oromo_oromo_arts_037 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Arts | false | Ani anuma hin nyaadhuu hin dhugu | I myself neither eat nor drink. | null | null | Suuraa | Picture |
afaan_oromo_oromo_arts_038 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Arts | false | Balbala cufattee sirbiti | She closes the door and dances | null | null | Ittoo | Stew |
afaan_oromo_oromo_arts_039 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Arts | false | Abbaan Eeboo dhibbaa laga ijaajjee sirba | The father of a hundred spears stands by the river and dances | null | null | Meexxii | A palm tree |
afaan_oromo_oromo_arts_040 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Arts | false | Dheeraa funyaaniin sirbu. | The tall one that dances through its nose. | null | null | Ulullee | traditional flute |
afaan_oromo_oromo_sports_041 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Sports | false | Ari'anii hin qaban, utaalanii hin dhaban. | You can't catch it by chasing, but you won't miss it by jumping. | null | null | Gaaddidduu | Shadow |
afaan_oromo_oromo_sports_042 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Sports | false | Fuulduratti na ilaalu; boodatti na argu | They look at me from the front; they see me from behind. | null | null | galma | Finish line |
afaan_oromo_oromo_sports_043 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Sports | false | Muka namni tokko taphaaf qabatu, kan biraa ammoo of eeggannoof itti fayyadamu. | A stick that one person holds for a game, while another uses it for self-defense/precaution. | null | null | Ulee | Walking Stick |
afaan_oromo_oromo_sports_044 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Sports | false | Mataa malee morma hin qabu, yoo dhiitame malee nagaa hin argatu. | It has a head but no neck; unless it is kicked, it gets no peace. | null | null | Kubbaa | Ball |
afaan_oromo_oromo_sports_045 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Sports | false | Jiraa du'aa baatu, du'aa jiraa baatu. | A living thing carrying a dead thing, a dead thing carrying a living thing. | null | null | Fardaafi kooraa | Horse and its saddle |
afaan_oromo_oromo_sports_046 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Sports | false | Hamma fudhattu gadhiisaa deemti | She/He leaves behind what she/he does not accept and goes. | null | null | Faana / Ejjennoo | Footsteps |
afaan_oromo_oromo_sports_047 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Sports | false | Na rukutu, ani immoo hin boo'u. | They hit me, but I do not cry. | null | null | Kubbaa | Ball |
afaan_oromo_oromo_sports_048 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Sports | false | Lafa dhiitee waaqa ilaala. | It kicks the ground and looks at the sky. | null | null | Utaalchoo | Jumping |
afaan_oromo_oromo_sports_049 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Sports | false | Lama ta'anii wal hammatu, walitti hin gammadan | They hug each other as a pair, but they are not happy with each other." | null | null | Wal'aansoo | Wrestling |
afaan_oromo_oromo_sports_050 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Sports | false | Muki jal'aan harka jira, kubbaan mukaa arii'a, yeroo gannaa taphatama. Inni maali? | A curved stick is in the hand, chasing a wooden ball, played during the harvest season. What is it? | null | null | Tapha Qillee | Traditional Field Hockey |
afaan_oromo_oromo_national_heritage_051 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | National Heritage | false | Gurra qaba hin dhaga'u, afaan qaba hin dubbatu | It has ears but cannot hear; it has a mouth but cannot speak | null | null | Hubboo | A clay water pot |
afaan_oromo_oromo_national_heritage_052 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | National Heritage | false | Karaan Gondor naannoo naannoo | The road to Gondor is round and round | null | null | Marsaa Gundoo | A Gundoo(The rim of a large woven basket) |
afaan_oromo_oromo_national_heritage_053 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | National Heritage | false | Qarreerra teessee yaa manqarree jetti | She sits on the edge and says "Oh, my beauty!" | null | null | Gaayyaa | A tobacco pipe |
afaan_oromo_oromo_national_heritage_054 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | National Heritage | false | Osoo boossuu kofaltii osoo haatuu mar’atti | She laughs while she cries; she grumbles/groans while she grooms. | null | null | Majii | Grinding stone |
afaan_oromo_oromo_national_heritage_055 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | National Heritage | false | Haati lafa dhiittii ilmoon haadha dhiitti | The mother stomps the ground, and the child kicks the mother | null | null | Mooyyee fi bolotaa | Mortar and pestle |
afaan_oromo_oromo_national_heritage_056 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | National Heritage | false | Ilmoon ni deemna ni deemna jettii haati ni teenya jettii | The child says "let's go, let's go," but the mother says "let's stay. | null | null | Dhagaa daakuu | Grinding stones |
afaan_oromo_oromo_national_heritage_057 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | National Heritage | false | Gabaa hin dhaqxuu dhadhaa hin dhabdu | She doesn't go to the market, yet she never lacks butter | null | null | Boraatii | Headrest |
afaan_oromo_oromo_national_heritage_058 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | National Heritage | false | Isuma tumuu isumaan qabuu | Beating it with the very thing used to hold it | null | null | Sibiila | Iron/Blacksmith tools |
afaan_oromo_oromo_national_heritage_059 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | National Heritage | false | Abbaan gabaabaan lafa jala fiiga | The short master runs underground | null | null | Maarashaa | Traditional plow |
afaan_oromo_oromo_national_heritage_060 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | National Heritage | false | Karaan gibee naannoo naannoo | The road to Gibe goes round and round | null | null | Gundoo | A large woven basket |
afaan_oromo_oromo_kids_world_061 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Kid's World | false | Olla dha wal hin agartu | They are neighbors, but they never see each other | null | null | ija | The Eyes |
afaan_oromo_oromo_kids_world_062 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Kid's World | false | Dallaan Waaq ijaare dagalee hin qabu | A fence built by God that has no crossbars | null | null | Ilkaan | Teeth |
afaan_oromo_oromo_kids_world_063 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Kid's World | false | Fardeen laga guutee walqabattee buute | Horses fill the valley and go down together, hand in hand | null | null | mixii | The Ant |
afaan_oromo_oromo_kids_world_064 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Kid's World | false | Foon diimaa mataatti baata ofii hin nyaatu namaaf hin laatu | He carries red meat on his head; he doesn't eat it himself, nor does he give it to others | null | null | Lukkuu kormaa | Rooster |
afaan_oromo_oromo_kids_world_065 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Kid's World | false | Godoo gamaa balballi ishee lama | The cottage across the way has two doorways. | null | null | Funyaan | Nose |
afaan_oromo_oromo_kids_world_066 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Kid's World | false | Bosona guddaa lixeen muka qajeelaa dhabe | I entered a great forest and could not find a straight tree | null | null | Rifeensa mataa | Human hair |
afaan_oromo_oromo_kids_world_067 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Kid's World | false | Boollatti galti yaa shurrubbaa ishee | She enters the pit, oh, look at her beautiful braided hair! | null | null | Xaddee | Porcupine |
afaan_oromo_oromo_kids_world_068 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Kid's World | false | Fayyaan du’aa dhalaa du’aan fayyaa dhala | The living gives birth to the dead, and the dead gives birth to the living | null | null | Lukkuu,buuphaa,cuucii | Chicken, Egg, Chick |
afaan_oromo_oromo_kids_world_069 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Kid's World | false | Ijoollee shanan qaba, shananuu wal bira oolu | I have five children, and all five of them stay together | null | null | Quba | Fingers |
afaan_oromo_oromo_kids_world_070 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Kid's World | false | Ijaarrattee mana hin qabdu, bakka bultii hin dhabdu | She has no house of her own, yet she never sleeps outside. | null | null | Billaacha | A butterfly |
afaan_oromo_oromo_everyday_life_071 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Everyday Life | false | Ilmoon haadha keessaa baatee haadha dhiitti | The child comes out of the mother and then kicks her. | null | null | Kirbiitii | Match |
afaan_oromo_oromo_everyday_life_072 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Everyday Life | false | Bifaan gurraattii amalaan giiftii | Black in complexion, queenly in character. | null | null | Eelee | Pan |
afaan_oromo_oromo_everyday_life_073 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Everyday Life | false | Kaballaan dhahee Albaase | I slapped it once, and it got diarrhea. | null | null | Gingilchaa | Seive |
afaan_oromo_oromo_everyday_life_074 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Everyday Life | false | Wajjumaan nyaanna, maaf huuqqatta | We eat together, yet you remain so thin. | null | null | Fal’aana | A spoon |
afaan_oromo_oromo_everyday_life_075 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Everyday Life | false | Bishaan buutu bac hin jettu, lafa buutu kash hin jettu | It falls into the water without a splash; it falls to the ground without a sound | null | null | Lilmo | A needle |
afaan_oromo_oromo_everyday_life_076 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Everyday Life | false | Ganama ol kaatti, galgala gadi kaatti | It runs up in the morning and runs down in the evening | null | null | Surree | Trousers |
afaan_oromo_oromo_everyday_life_077 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Everyday Life | false | Garaan bishaani, mataan ibidda | A belly of water and a head of fire | null | null | Kurraazii | A kerosene lamp |
afaan_oromo_oromo_everyday_life_078 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Everyday Life | false | Luka afur (4) qaba, laga hin ce'u | It has four legs but cannot cross a river | null | null | Siree | A bed |
afaan_oromo_oromo_everyday_life_079 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Everyday Life | false | Ulee tokkotu saawwa dannaba dachaasa | A single stick that turns back a herd of cows | null | null | Milaaccii | A razor |
afaan_oromo_oromo_everyday_life_080 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Everyday Life | false | Qotiyyoon abbaa kiyyaa eegee qaban malee hin qottu | My father's ox will not plow unless you hold its tail | null | null | Maqasii | Scissors |
afaan_oromo_oromo_nature_081 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Nature | true | Hin dhiqattu, hin dibattu, ni bareeddi | She never bathes, she wears no oils, yet she is flawless in beauty. | null | null | Hiddii | Solanum coagulans |
afaan_oromo_oromo_nature_082 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Nature | true | Ganama argee guyyaa dhabe | Seen in the morning, lost by noon. | null | null | Fixeensa | Dew |
afaan_oromo_oromo_nature_083 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Nature | true | Ani asin kaayee maaltu achirra sikaa'e | I left you here; what placed you over there? | null | null | Dabaaqula | pumpkin |
afaan_oromo_oromo_nature_084 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Nature | true | Abbaan Eeboo dhibbaa laga ijaajjee sirba | The father of a hundred spears stands by the river and dances | null | null | Meexxii | A palm tree |
afaan_oromo_oromo_nature_085 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Nature | true | Anaanoo na waamani ati eessa dhaqxa | They called me, but where are you going? | null | null | Gaaddidduu | A shadow |
afaan_oromo_oromo_nature_086 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Nature | true | Yoo haadduun murtees godaannisa hin qabu | Even if cut by a sharp razor, it leaves behind no scar | null | null | Bishaan | Water |
afaan_oromo_oromo_nature_087 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Nature | true | Maxinoo bilaashee uggum yaa mi'ashee | Oh, look at the flatbread of the forest; oh, how sweet it is | null | null | Damma | Honey |
afaan_oromo_oromo_nature_088 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Nature | true | Shak hin jedhu shakak hin jedhu ce'ee ba'e | Without a sound or a rustle, it crossed over and came out | null | null | Hurrii | Fog |
afaan_oromo_oromo_nature_089 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Nature | true | Teessu lafaa hin kaatu, dhooftu namaa hin naatu | It sits on the ground and doesn't get up; it hits you without humility | null | null | Gufuu | A tree stump |
afaan_oromo_oromo_nature_090 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Nature | true | Shambaa jetti harkaan na hin qabinaa jetti | It says "Oh, my beauty!" and says "don't touch me with your hands" | null | null | Doobbii | A stinging nettle |
afaan_oromo_oromo_human_body_091 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Human Body | true | Bixxilleen lamaan tabbatti hirkatte | Two round breads leaning against a hill. | null | null | Gurra | Ear |
afaan_oromo_oromo_human_body_092 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Human Body | true | Saani aadiin sa’a gurraacha kaafatee ciise | The white cow stood up and made the black cow lie down | null | null | Harrii | Gray hair |
afaan_oromo_oromo_human_body_093 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Human Body | true | Godoo gamaa balballi ishee lama | The cottage across the way has two doorways. | null | null | Funyaan | Nose |
afaan_oromo_oromo_human_body_094 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Human Body | true | Sulula qal’oo araddaa bal’aa | A narrow valley, a wide field | null | null | Qoonqoofi garaa | The throat and the stomach |
afaan_oromo_oromo_human_body_095 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Human Body | true | As taa’een gamatti si waraana | I sit here and pierce you over there | null | null | Ija | The eye |
afaan_oromo_oromo_human_body_096 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Human Body | true | Bosona guddaa lixeen muka qajeelaa dhabe | I entered a great forest and could not find a straight tree | null | null | Rifeensa mataa | Head hair |
afaan_oromo_oromo_human_body_097 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Human Body | true | Daandii qalloo gaara gubbaa | A narrow path on top of a mountain | null | null | Nyaara | An eyebrow |
afaan_oromo_oromo_human_body_098 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Human Body | true | Ijoollee shanan qaba, shananuu wal bira oolu | I have five children, and all five of them stay together | null | null | Quba | Fingers |
afaan_oromo_oromo_human_body_099 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Human Body | true | Odoo wal bira jirtuu wal hin agartu | Even though they are right next to each other, they never see one another | null | null | Ija | Eyes |
afaan_oromo_oromo_human_body_100 | afaan_oromo_oromo | gaz | Human Body | true | Qumcuun gaaraa ni socho'a malee hin buqqa'u | A small hill that moves but never gets uprooted | null | null | Harma | A breast |
Cultural Riddles
Explore the results: dashboard · Play: try the riddles yourself · Code: github.com/Cohere-Labs-Community/CulturalRiddles
A community-built benchmark of original cultural riddles from 62 communities across 51 languages and 45 countries, written by 167 native speakers. Each riddle describes something without naming it, so answering it takes cultural knowledge, not translation or web search. A native speaker recognises the answer at once; a model succeeds only if it carries that culture's knowledge.
The release has four tables:
| Table | Rows | What it holds |
|---|---|---|
riddles (default) |
6,191 | The riddles and their reference answers. |
model_answers |
170,520 | Every answer from 28 model configurations on the 6,090 benchmarked riddles, with its final score and who scored it. |
human_annotations |
74,383 | Every native-speaker label on a unique answer, including independent second labels. |
models |
28 | The model configurations, their sizes, and their recorded reasoning settings. |
Why riddles
A riddle names nothing. "This red-crossed sphere's juice is not sweet for your stomach" means nothing to a search engine, but every Hungarian recognises Unicum, a famous bitters. A model that only knows the formal name misses it. Because each riddle is original, unpublished, and culturally specific, it resists memorisation and lookup.
Languages and communities
The unit is the present-day national-linguistic community, for example Spanish in Argentina or Bengali in India. Languages and communities differ because several communities share a language: Argentine, Cuban, and Peruvian riddles are all in Spanish but draw on three cultures. 1,234 riddles come from topics each community chose itself. See the list of communities.
Loading the data
from datasets import load_dataset
riddles = load_dataset("CohereLabsCommunity/CulturalRiddles", split="test")
answers = load_dataset("CohereLabsCommunity/CulturalRiddles", "model_answers", split="test")
labels = load_dataset("CohereLabsCommunity/CulturalRiddles", "human_annotations", split="test")
models = load_dataset("CohereLabsCommunity/CulturalRiddles", "models", split="test")
tamil = riddles.filter(lambda r: r["community"] == "tamil_india")
Tables
riddles
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
riddle_id |
string | Stable unique ID, {community}_{topic}_{number}. |
community |
string | Community key, usually {language}_{country} (for example tamil_india). |
language |
string | ISO 639-3 code of the riddle's language. |
topic |
string | Topic the riddle belongs to. |
is_wildcard |
bool | True for a topic the community chose itself. |
riddle_original |
string | The riddle in its original language. |
riddle_english |
string | English translation, for human reference only. May be null. |
riddle_hint |
string | Optional hint. May be null. |
riddle_note |
string | Optional note from the writer; riddles flagged in the content review also carry a content note here. May be null. |
reference_answer_original |
string | Reference answer in the original language. |
reference_answer_english |
string | English translation of the answer. May be null. |
model_answers
Each configuration answered each benchmarked riddle once (6,090 riddles from 61 communities). Scores come from rules for clear cases (32,171 answers), from native speakers (100,769), and from two LLM judges that agree (34,546); 3,034 answers have no score. Accuracy is the share of scored answers with score 3.
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
riddle_id |
string | Joins to riddles. |
community |
string | Community key. |
topic |
string | Topic of the riddle. |
model |
string | Model configuration key; joins to models. |
model_display |
string | Readable configuration name. |
model_answer |
string | The answer the model gave. |
answer_norm |
string | model_answer stripped and lowercased; joins to human_annotations. |
score |
int | 0 incorrect, 1 admits not knowing, 2 partially correct, 3 correct. Null when no score was reached. |
scorer |
string | rule, human (native speaker), llm_judges (two agreeing judges), or none. |
routing |
string | How the answer was routed: rule-based categories, human evaluation, or pending and invalid human labels. |
error_type |
string | Answer type code, for example 0.3 hallucinated or 3.1 different valid answer. |
error_type_label |
string | Readable answer type. |
annotator_id |
string | Anonymous native-speaker ID, such as annotator_k2p9. Stable across tables. |
annotator_note |
string | The annotator's note, as written. May be null. |
judge_score_deepseek |
int | Score from the DeepSeek judge, where one ran. May be null. |
judge_score_gemini |
int | Score from the Gemini judge, where one ran. May be null. |
human_annotations
Native speakers labeled each unique (riddle, answer) pair once, so one label can cover several models. 70,006 rows are first labels and 4,377 are independent second labels used to measure agreement. 109 annotators contributed; their IDs are anonymous.
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
riddle_id |
string | Joins to riddles. |
community |
string | Community key. |
topic |
string | Topic of the riddle. |
answer |
string | The answer the annotator labeled. |
answer_norm |
string | answer stripped and lowercased; one label covers every model that gave it. |
annotation |
string | first label, or second label from an independent annotator. |
annotator_id |
string | Anonymous native-speaker ID; several are separated by ;. |
score |
int | 0 to 3, as in model_answers. |
error_type |
string | Answer type code. |
error_type_label |
string | Readable answer type. |
annotator_note |
string | The annotator's note, as written. May be null. |
benchmark_status |
string | valid or invalid for first labels; invalid labels are not used in scores. |
iaa_row |
float | Set for rows in the inter-annotator agreement sample. |
self_review |
bool | True when an annotator labeled the same pair again. |
models
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
model |
string | Configuration key used in model_answers. |
model_display |
string | Readable configuration name. |
default_reasoning |
string | The provider's documented default reasoning setting. |
actual_reasoning_effort |
string | The setting recorded for the run. unspecified means the request did not set it, not that reasoning was off. |
total_parameter_b |
float | Published total parameters, in billions. Null when not published. |
active_parameter_count_b |
float | Published active parameters for mixture-of-experts models, in billions. |
access |
string | proprietary, open-weight, or open-source. |
info_url |
string | Model card or documentation. |
cutoff_date |
string | Published training-data cutoff, where known. |
Curation
Every riddle is original human writing by native speakers writing for their own community. AI tools may be used for brainstorming or to test difficulty, but the riddles are written by people. English translations are for human reference only, never shown to a model. The data contains no names or contact details of writers or annotators.
Intended use and terms
The data is released under the terms in LICENSE: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 attribution terms combined with an evaluation-only restriction.
This data must not be used to train, fine-tune, or distill models, nor as seeds for synthetic data generation. It is an evaluation benchmark; training on it contaminates future measurement. This applies to the model answers and labels as much as to the riddles.
Content note
Although we have filtered the dataset for harmful content, some riddles may still contain sensitive themes or potentially problematic ideas. These are presented solely as cultural and linguistic puzzles, not as endorsements of the views expressed or guidance for real-world behavior.
Riddles flagged in a content review carry a short content note in their riddle_note field. Model answers are published as generated and were not filtered: many are hallucinated, and some may be offensive.
Contributors
This benchmark was proposed by Károly Boczka and Julia Kreutzer, and built by native-speaker contributors across the Cohere Labs Community.
Riddle writers by community
Writers who agreed to be credited, by the name they chose. Some writers asked not to be named or have not confirmed yet; they are part of the Cohere Labs Community credit.
- Afaan Oromo (Ethiopia): Bontu Fufa Balcha · Debela Desalegn Yadeta
- Assamese (India): Angana Borah · Dipti Borah Hazarika · Mina Saikia · Prasanta Borah
- Belarusian (Belarus): Oksana Volchek · Vladislav Poritski
- Bengali (Bangladesh): Ahanaf Aziz · Md Istiak Hossain Shihab · Nazia Tasnim
- Bengali (India): Ankita Maity · Ruchira Dhar · Souvik Bhattacharyya
- Buginese (Indonesia): Ahmad Mufli Ramadhan
- Bulgarian (Bulgaria): Ralitza Nikolova Rizova
- Cantonese (China): Fengran Mo · Jinghan Zhang
- Catalan (Spain): Aleix Sant · Irene Baucells · Javier García Gilabert · Marc Pàmies · Ona de Gibert
- Chinese (Malaysia): Nancy F. Chen · Zhengyuan Liu
- Chinese (Singapore): Rui Yang Tan · Weihua Zheng
- Dutch (Netherlands): David Stap · Mike Zhang · Rochelle Choenni
- Egyptian Arabic (Egypt): Farah Abdou · Nadine Elframawy · Rawan Mohamed Elframawy
- English (Canada): Jane Smith · Julia Kreutzer · Madeline Smith · Matt Bobkin
- English (United States): Ananya Sahu · Henry Gagnier · Jonathan E. Swindell · Sajag Swami · Swati Rajwal
- French (Canada): Lauren Altomare · Micol Altomare
- French (France): Bryan Chen · Wafa Aissa
- German (Germany): Diana Kozachek · Julia Kreutzer
- Gujarati (India): Amit Agarwal · Fenal Ashokbhai ilasariya · Hitesh Laxmichand Patel
- Hungarian (Hungary): Károly Boczka
- Indonesian (Indonesia): Ahmad Mufli Ramadhan · Muhammad Ravi Shulthan Habibi
- Italian (Italy): Lisa Alazraki · Marco De Santis
- Japanese (Japan): Reuben Chagas Fernandes
- Kannada (India): Emile Anand · Vanya Bannihatti Kumar
- Konkani (India): Prerana Rane · Vivek Gopalkrishna Silimkhan
- Levantine Arabic (Lebanon): Adnan El Assadi
- Levantine Arabic (Syria): Yusser Al Ghussin
- Luganda (Uganda): Alex Gimei
- Lumasaba (Uganda): Alex Gimei
- Luxembourgish (Luxembourg): Cedric Lothritz · Fred Philippy
- Malay (Malaysia): Roy Ka-Wei Lee
- Malayalam (India): Arya Hariharan · Arya Suneesh
- Marathi (India): Rushikesh Zawar · Yash Bagla
- Mongondow (Indonesia): Ahmad Mufli Ramadhan
- Moroccan Arabic (Morocco): Abderrahmane Issam · Zakaria Baannou
- Nepali (Nepal): Dikshya Poudel · Divas Poudel · Jebish Purbey
- Persian (Iran): Aylin Naebzadeh · Hamidreza Saffari · Masoumeh Javadi Zarnaghi · Melika Davood Zadeh · Mohammadamin Shafiei · Pouya Sadeghi · Sara Rajaee · Sarah Bahrami
- Polish (Poland): Joanna Radoła · dokato
- Portuguese (Brazil): Daniel Souza · Felipe Bochini · Gabriel Assis · João Paulo Faria da Cruz · Juliana Carvalho · Pedro Delgado
- Portuguese (Portugal): Diogo M. Serrano-Miranda
- Russian (Russia): Anastasiia Nikitina · Andrei Nikitin · Dina Pisarevskaya · Galina Kozulina · Sergey Sedov
- Serbian (Serbia): Danka Jokić · Milica Andrić · Nebojša Damnjanović · Toma Knežević
- Simplified Chinese (China): Bin Hu · Di Mo · Haichang Li · Kaiser Sun · Lingbo Wang
- Sindhi (India): Naman Bhatia
- Sinhala (Sri Lanka): Sayuru Bopitiya
- Spanish (Argentina): Cossio, Leandro · José Matías Avalos · Silvia Fernandez
- Spanish (Cuba): Eduardo Sánchez
- Spanish (Peru): David Quispe-Castillo · Fabrizzio Marin Colquichagua · Luis Fernado Solis Navarro
- Spanish (Spain): Alvaro Escapa · Antonio Miranda-Escalada · Borja Sánchez Clemente · Isabel Blanco Ferreiro · Ona de Gibert
- Sudanese Arabic (Sudan): Abdelhadi Osama · Wafaa Mohammed
- Swahili (Kenya): Nanyanga Emma Loice · Priscilla Amuok
- Tamil (India): Vinod
- Telugu (India): Akhil Eppa · Jayanth Krishna Chundru · Lakshmi Tejaswi Sunkara · PATTAN MAHAMMAD SALMAN KHAN · Prahitha Movva · Venkata Manaswitha Sunkara
- Thai (Thailand): Patteera Triamamornwooth · Warit Lekmuenwai
- Traditional Chinese (China): Stephy Chen
- Tunisian Arabic (Tunisia): Wafa Aissa
- Turkish (Turkey): Ceren Berk
- Ukrainian (Ukraine): Hanna Yukhymenko · Yurii Paniv · sunrise
- Urdu (Pakistan): Muhammad Saad Umar
- Uzbek (Uzbekistan): Abdumutalib Begmuratov
- Vietnamese (Vietnam): Christian Hoang · My Chiffon Nguyen · Van Ngo
- Yoruba (Nigeria): Esther Adenuga · Joy Olusanya · Oluwaseun A. Ajayi (some riddles adapted from Orature and Yoruba Riddles by Akintunde Akinyemi, Palgrave Macmillan) · YUSUF, Ismail Abayomi
Updates
This card is generated from the source repository on each release.
- This release adds the
model_answers,human_annotations, andmodelstables. The riddles moved todata/riddles.parquetand no longer carry therelease_versioncolumn. - After a content review, some riddles were removed or corrected. Every change is listed in
data/corrections.csvin the source repository.
Citation
@misc{cultural_riddles_2026,
title = {Cultural Riddles},
author = {Boczka, K{\'a}roly and Kreutzer, Julia and the Cohere Labs Community},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Hugging Face},
howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/CohereLabsCommunity/CulturalRiddles}}
}
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