Datasets:

Chess-Nut-Engine
/

chess-sft-corpus-4x

Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    TypeError
Message:      Couldn't cast array of type
struct<result_fen: string, move: string, moves: string, n_moves: int64, move_kind: string, move_details: list<item: struct<move: string, move_kind: string, piece: string, from: string, to: string, captured: string, captured_square: string, promotion: string, changed_squares: list<item: struct<square: string, before: string, after: string, before_fen: string, after_fen: string>>, rank_updates: list<item: struct<rank: string, before: string, after: string>>, description: string>>, rank_updates: list<item: struct<rank: string, before: string, after: string>>, expected_answer: string, query_kind: string, example_identity: string>
to
{'source': Value('string')}
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1816, in _prepare_split_single
                  for key, table in generator:
                                    ^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 613, in wrapped
                  for item in generator(*args, **kwargs):
                              ~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 343, in _generate_tables
                  self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 132, in _cast_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2369, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2303, in cast_table_to_schema
                  cast_array_to_feature(
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      table[name] if name in table_column_names else pa.array([None] * len(table), type=schema.field(name).type),
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                      feature,
                      ^^^^^^^^
                  )
                  ^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 1852, in wrapper
                  return pa.chunked_array([func(chunk, *args, **kwargs) for chunk in array.chunks])
                                           ~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2149, in cast_array_to_feature
                  raise TypeError(f"Couldn't cast array of type\n{_short_str(array.type)}\nto\n{_short_str(feature)}")
              TypeError: Couldn't cast array of type
              struct<result_fen: string, move: string, moves: string, n_moves: int64, move_kind: string, move_details: list<item: struct<move: string, move_kind: string, piece: string, from: string, to: string, captured: string, captured_square: string, promotion: string, changed_squares: list<item: struct<square: string, before: string, after: string, before_fen: string, after_fen: string>>, rank_updates: list<item: struct<rank: string, before: string, after: string>>, description: string>>, rank_updates: list<item: struct<rank: string, before: string, after: string>>, expected_answer: string, query_kind: string, example_identity: string>
              to
              {'source': Value('string')}
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1369, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
                                                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  )
                  ^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 948, in stream_convert_to_parquet
                  builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1683, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  ):
                  ^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1869, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

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task string	fen string	is_chess960 bool	messages list	metadata dict
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000000	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What hormone's action is inhibited by caffeine, leading to increased urination?A: ADH\nB: Insulin\nC: Thyroxine\nD: Cortisol" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Caffeine acts as a diuretic by inhibiting the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is responsib...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000001	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Does the strength of the remaining bonds increase as the number of neighbors of an atom decreases in metals?A: No, the strength of the remaining bonds decreases\nB: The number of neighbors does not affect bond strength\nC: Yes\nD: Only in certain metals" }, { "role": "a...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000002	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What species of spider is shown hanging on the seaside daisy in Switzerland?A: Araneus diadematus\nB: Misumena vatia\nC: Latrodectus geometricus\nD: Theridion grallator" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The spider species shown hanging on the seaside daisy in S...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000003	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Does self-phase modulation generate new frequency components in a pulse after propagating through a nonlinear medium?A: Yes\nB: No, it only changes the phase of existing frequency components.\nC: Only in the presence of external perturbations, not inherently.\nD: No, it only sh...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000004	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What determines the sex of a child?A: Amount of paternal genes inherited\nB: Y chromosome determines sex\nC: Number of X chromosomes\nD: Amount of maternal genes inherited" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The sex of a child in humans is determined by the prese...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000005	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "How many degrees of freedom does the system of two masses joined by a rigid rod, with the center constrained to move on a circle, have?A: 2\nB: 3\nC: 4\nD: 1" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The system consists of two masses connected by a rigid rod, with the ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000006	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the approximate diameter of the Earth's umbra shadow cone during a lunar eclipse?A: 12742\\text{km}\nB: 3600\\text{km}\nC: 15000\\text{km}\nD: 9100\\text{km}" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To determine the approximate diameter of the Earth's umbra sh...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000007	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "How does a constant of motion affect the dimension of the cotangent manifold in Hamiltonian dynamics?A: Reduces the dimension by one\nB: Eliminates only the momentum\nC: Eliminates both coordinate and momentum\nD: Eliminates only the coordinate" }, { "role": "assistant"...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000008	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What direction is the free fall acceleration of an object under Earth's gravity directed toward?A: surface\nB: center\nC: outer space\nD: north pole" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The free fall acceleration of an object under Earth's gravity is caused by the...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000009	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What does $T^{\\nu}_{\\mu}$ represent in the context of the Energy-Momentum Tensor?A: $T_\\mu^\\nu = T_{\\sigma\\nu}g^{\\mu\\sigma}$\nB: $T_\\mu^\\nu = T_{\\mu\\sigma}g^{\\sigma\\nu}$\nC: $T_\\mu^\\nu = T_{\\mu\\nu}g^{\\mu\\nu}$\nD: $T_\\mu^\\nu = T^{\\mu\\nu}g_{\\mu\\sigma}$" ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000010	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Are photons and antiphotons considered the same particles?A: Photons and antiphotons are the same particles.\nB: Antiphotons are heavier than photons and thus behave differently.\nC: Antiphotons do not exist in our universe.\nD: Photons and antiphotons are different particles w...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000011	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the expectation value of frequency in quantum mechanics?A: \\hat{f} = i\\frac{\\partial}{\\partial t}\nB: \\hat{p} = \\frac{\\hbar}{i}\\nabla\nC: \\hat{H} = -\\frac{\\hbar^2}{2m}\\nabla^2 + V(\\hat{\\bf r})\nD: \\\\frac{1}{h}\\hat{H} = \\frac{1}{h}H(\\hat{\\bf r},\\hat{...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000012	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "How do multiple sound frequencies travel together through a medium?A: refraction\nB: interference\nC: superposition\nD: diffraction" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The question asks how multiple sound frequencies travel together through a medium. To determine...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000013	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Does nature utilize faster-than-light signals to explain entanglement?A: they are used in local hidden variable theories\nB: they are utilized in certain interpretations of quantum mechanics\nC: they are necessary to explain quantum nonlocality\nD: nature doesn't use them" },...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000014	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the formula to calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an alpha particle accelerated through a potential difference V?A: \\lambda = \\frac{h}{\\sqrt{2mV}}\nB: \\lambda = \\frac{h}{\\sqrt{2mqV}}\nC: \\lambda = \\frac{h}{\\sqrt{mqV}}\nD: \\lambda = \\frac{h}{\\sqrt{2qV}}" ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000015	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is the product of two first-order differential operators equal to a second-order differential operator as shown in the equation?A: YES\nB: NO, because the product of two first-order differential operators does not involve spatial derivatives.\nC: NO, because the product of two ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000016	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Which type of photon carries more energy, a gamma photon or a radio photon?A: Gamma photon carries more energy\nB: Radio photon carries more energy\nC: Both carry the same amount of energy\nD: Neither carries any energy" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The ene...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000017	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is it possible to make an electron's kinetic energy equal to zero?A: YES, by measuring its momentum with absolute certainty\nB: YES, by confining it to a specific location\nC: YES, under certain theoretical conditions\nD: NO" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Th...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000018	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why is the parity transformation represented as \$ P a_{\\mathbf{p}}^s P \$ instead of \$ P a_{\\mathbf{p}}^s P^{-1} \$?A: \$P^{-1} = I\$\nB: \$P^{-1} = 0\$\nC: \$P^{-1} = -P\$\nD: \$P^{-1} = P\$" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The parity transfor...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000019	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the current in an LCR series circuit immediately after the switch is closed, assuming the switch was open for a long time before closing?A: V/R\nB: zero\nC: V/C\nD: V/L" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "In an LCR series circuit, the current immediately ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000020	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Do smaller masses like asteroids still have gravity?A: No, only celestial bodies have gravity.\nB: Yes\nC: Only if they are larger than a certain size.\nD: Only if they are part of a larger system." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "All objects with mass exert g...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000021	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the lowest-lying flavour-singlet baryon with quark content $uds$ and $J=\\frac{3}{2}$?A: \\Lambda(1600)\nB: \\Lambda(1405)\nC: \\Lambda(1520)\nD: \\Sigma(1385)" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The problem seeks the lowest-lying flavor-singlet baryon wi...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000022	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the highest binding energy of an electron in a stable element?A: 100\\ \\text{keV}\nB: 141\\ \\text{keV}\nC: 13.6\\ \\text{keV}\nD: 200\\ \\text{keV}" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The problem asks for the highest binding energy of an electron in a s...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000023	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What could explain the dialysis tubing's impermeability to sucrose despite being designed to retain molecules larger than 12,000 Da?A: D) Sucrose reacts chemically with the tubing, preventing passage.\nB: C) The dialysis tubing was damaged, blocking all molecules.\nC: B) my cla...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000024	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is a state with a continuous probability distribution still considered separable and unentangled?A: Only if the integral of the distribution equals zero\nB: Yes\nC: Only if the states are pure, not mixed\nD: No, because continuous distributions always introduce entanglement" ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000025	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the sign of the work done when separating the plates of a disconnected charged capacitor?A: positive\nB: undefined\nC: zero\nD: negative" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "When separating the plates of a disconnected charged capacitor, the charge \\( Q \...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000026	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why is sexual reproduction involving two mates more common than reproduction involving three or more mates?A: More efficient genetic mixing\nB: Simpler mating rituals\nC: Higher probability of two individuals meeting\nD: Lower energy cost for reproduction" }, { "role": ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000027	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the fragment structure for m/z = 92 in the mass spectrum of aspirin?A: \\\\ce{C6H5O}\nB: \\\\ce{C5H4O2}\nC: \\\\ce{C6H4O}\nD: \\\\ce{C7H6O2}" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To determine the fragment structure corresponding to m/z = 92 in the mass ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000028	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What causes the difference in diffusion coefficients between CO₂ and C₂H₄ at high pressures?A: Pressure-induced phase changes\nB: Temperature variations\nC: Intermolecular forces\nD: Molecular size differences" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The difference in...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000029	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the average value of the observable \$X_1Z_2\$ for a two-qubit system in the state \$(\|00\\rangle + \|11\\rangle)/\\sqrt{2}\$?A: 0.5\nB: 0\nC: -1\nD: 1" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To determine the average value (expectation value) of the observ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000030	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "How long can the remnants of a supernova be reliably detected after the event?A: 100,000\nB: 10,000\nC: 1,000,000\nD: 50,000" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The remnants of a supernova remain detectable as they expand and interact with the interstellar medium...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000031	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "In circular orbits of two stars around their center of mass, how do the periods of the stars compare?A: The periods are proportional to their masses.\nB: The periods depend on their distance from the center of mass.\nC: The periods are different for each star.\nD: The periods m...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000032	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the term that describes beryllium's electron configuration in the Lewis dot structure of BeF2?A: duet deficient\nB: octet complete\nC: expanded octet\nD: octet deficient" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To determine the term describing beryllium's elec...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000033	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the origin of the expression \$\\log_{10}[A/(A_f-A)]\$ in the context of determining \$\\mathrm pK_\\mathrm a\$ from absorbance and pH measurements?A: \\log_{10}[A_f/(A_f-A)]\nB: \\log_{10}[A/(A_f-A)]\nC: \\log_{10}[(A-A_f)/A_f]\nD: \\log_{10}[A_f/(A-A_f)]" }, {...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000034	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What causes pressure changes around a wind turbine or propeller underwater to propagate at subsonic speeds?A: Surface tension\nB: Compressibility effects\nC: Rotational flows\nD: Viscous dissipation" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The propagation of pressure ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000035	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What term simplifies the unpolarized scattering cross section expression in Peskin and Schroeder?A: p'^\\mu p^\\nu\nB: g^{\\mu\\nu}\nC: e^4\nD: k_\\mu k_\\nu'" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The unpolarized scattering cross section calculation involves summin...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000036	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What are the low frequency and high frequency gains for the given op amp amplifier configuration?A: -1 and 0\nB: -10 and 0\nC: -10 and -1\nD: 0 and -10" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The problem involves determining the low frequency and high frequency gains...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000037	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Would a rapidly rotating object experience time dilation due to its tangential velocity approaching relativistic speeds?A: Only if it reaches the speed of light\nB: Yes\nC: Only if it is in a gravitational field\nD: No, only linear motion causes time dilation" }, { "rol...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000038	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the correct name for C(OOOH)₄?A: tetrahydroxymethane\nB: tetraoxymethane\nC: tetratrioxidanylmethane\nD: tetrachloromethane" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The compound in question, C(OOOH)₄, consists of a central carbon atom bonded to four OOOH group...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000039	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What condition must the bracket coefficient satisfy to ensure the stability of the spinning top?A: negative\nB: zero\nC: positive\nD: any real number" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To determine the stability of a spinning top, the key lies in analyzing the e...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000040	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the value of the divergence of the 4-current, ∂_μ J^μ?A: 0\nB: ρ\nC: 1\nD: c" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The divergence of the 4-current, \$ \\partial_\\mu J^\\mu \$, is derived by combining the time derivative of the charge density \\( \\rho \\...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000041	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What height will water reach in feet when the static pressure is 12 psi in both a 2\" and a 1/2\" diameter pipe?A: 55.2 feet\nB: 12 feet\nC: 27.6 feet\nD: 13.8 feet" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To determine the height water will reach given a static pressu...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000042	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Are there any derived units that are not coherent?A: SI units\nB: non-coherent derived units\nC: base units\nD: coherent derived units" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The question asks whether there are any derived units that are not coherent. Coherent derive...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000043	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Does blue light scattered by air molecules significantly increase their temperature?A: Yes, blue light significantly increases air molecule temperature through Raman scattering\nB: Yes, blue light significantly increases air molecule temperature through Compton scattering\nC: Y...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000044	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What causes sound waves to diffract more than light waves?A: Amplitude difference\nB: Wavelength difference\nC: Frequency difference\nD: Speed difference" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The extent of diffraction, which is the bending of waves around obstacles...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000045	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Did any failed attempts to create a perpetual motion machine lead to意外发现新的科学或工程发明？A: Benjamin Franklin\nB: Simon Stevin\nC: Nikola Tesla\nD: Leonardo da Vinci" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The question asks whether any failed attempts to create a perpetual ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000046	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What could cause hard-to-burst bubbles when mixing mineral water from different sources?A: Mineral sedimentation\nB: Plastic leaching\nC: pH neutralization\nD: CO2 liberation" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "When mixing mineral water from different sources, th...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000047	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the speed of a wave pulse traveling on a string with three antinodes, a length of 3.00 m, and a frequency of 15.0 Hz?A: 30 \\text{ m/s}\nB: 45 \\text{ m/s}\nC: 60 \\text{ m/s}\nD: 15 \\text{ m/s}" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The problem involves a ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000048	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the relationship between velocity and radius according to Poiseuille’s law?A: V \\propto r^{-4}\nB: V \\propto r^2\nC: V \\propto r^4\nD: V \\propto r^{-2}" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "According to Poiseuille’s law, the volumetric flow rate \\( Q \...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000049	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What does the calculated time duration of a femtosecond laser pulse indicate about its color?A: blue\nB: red\nC: green\nD: colorless" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The time duration of a femtosecond laser pulse is directly related to its spectral bandwidth t...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000050	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Can magnetic fields be used to accelerate electrons to create a plasma beam?A: Magnetic fields can accelerate electrons directly.\nB: Magnetic fields can provide the necessary kinetic energy to electrons.\nC: Magnetic fields can ionize air to create plasma.\nD: Magnetic fields ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000051	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the relationship between the mass number and the atomic number of a nucleus?A: sometimes more than and sometimes equal to its atomic number\nB: always more than its atomic number\nC: always less than its atomic number\nD: never equal to its atomic number" }, { "...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000052	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why are points A and C considered the same in circuit solving?A: adjacent points\nB: parallel points\nC: different points\nD: same point" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Points A and C are considered the same in circuit solving when they are connected by an id...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000053	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What happens to the center of mass when a person carries a weight with one hand?A: horizontally shifted\nB: unchanged\nC: moved upwards\nD: vertically shifted" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "When a person carries a weight with one hand, the center of mass (CO...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000054	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Can a chemical reaction between two substances be used to cool a liquid by absorbing heat?A: Calcium chloride and water\nB: Sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid\nC: Ammonium thiocyanate and barium hydroxide octahydrate\nD: Sodium chloride and water" }, { "role": "assistan...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000055	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why does no rearrangement occur for the free radical (R·) in the formation of Grignard reagent?A: The free radical R· is stabilized by resonance, preventing any rearrangement.\nB: The reaction conditions are too mild to allow any rearrangement of the free radical R·.\nC: The fr...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000056	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Which solvent and method are best for molar mass determinations by freezing point depression?A: Cyclohexane, Freezing Point Depression\nB: Benzene, Boiling Point Elevation\nC: Benzene, Freezing Point Depression\nD: Cyclohexane, Boiling Point Elevation" }, { "role": "ass...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000057	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the probability that Q is heterozygous given that Q has brown hair?A: 1/2\nB: 2/3\nC: 3/4\nD: 1/4" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The problem asks for the probability that Q is heterozygous (Bb) given that Q has brown hair. Brown hair is assumed to be...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000058	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the correct formula for the work done when moving a probe from the radius of a planet to a new orbit of radius 2R?A: \\\\frac{GMm}{2R}\nB: \\\\frac{GMm}{R}\nC: \\\\frac{GMm}{4R}\nD: \\\\frac{GMm}{8R}" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To determine the wo...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000059	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Does Feynman's statement imply that the correction factor to mass alone can derive all phenomena in special relativity?A: incomplete\nB: partially correct\nC: wrong\nD: true" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The question revolves around whether Feynman's statem...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000060	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the most accepted name for isopropanol in scientific writing?A: isopropanol\nB: sec-butanol\nC: propan-2-ol\nD: isopropyl alcohol" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The most accepted name for isopropanol in scientific writing follows IUPAC nomenclature, ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000061	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why do holes in a semiconductor follow a probability distribution of \$1 - \\frac{1}{e^{\\beta(\\epsilon - \\mu)}+1}\$ instead of the Fermi-Dirac distribution?A: Probability to find a hole = Fermi-Dirac distribution\nB: Probability to find a hole = probability to find an elec...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000062	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the fundamental flaw in the argument that free adiabatic expansion is reversible?A: Entropy\nB: Energy Transfer\nC: Temperature Change\nD: Work Done" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The fundamental flaw in the argument that free adiabatic expansion is ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000063	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "How many times has the SARS-CoV-2 virus mutated?A: once\nB: twice\nC: hundreds\nD: a few times" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The SARS-CoV-2 virus, like other RNA viruses, undergoes frequent mutations as it replicates. These mutations occur naturally due to ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000064	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why can you see inside a tinted window more clearly when viewing it up close?A: Enhancing glass transparency\nB: Increasing transmitted light\nC: Reducing ambient light\nD: Blocking reflections" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The correct answer is **D: Blocki...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000065	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "How should one calculate the total torque exerted by a uniformly distributed force on a vertical post?A: single force at midpoint\nB: sum of forces at various heights\nC: total force at ground level\nD: total force at top of the post" }, { "role": "assistant", "cont...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000066	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the most widely accepted view on the ultimate fate of the universe?A: Big rip\nB: Heat death\nC: Big crunch\nD: Conformal Cyclic Cosmology" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The most widely accepted view on the ultimate fate of the universe is **Heat Dea...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000067	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "How do we know that the orthogonal wavefunctions obtained through the Gram-Schmidt process still solve the Schrödinger's equation?A: orthogonality\nB: normalization\nC: linearity\nD: superposition" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The Gram-Schmidt process ortho...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000068	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is the image of the Milky Way galaxy shown in the photo a genuine representation without super-imposed stars?A: Yes\nB: Only partially, some stars are real while others are added.\nC: The image is entirely computer-generated.\nD: No, the stars are super-imposed in the image." ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000069	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the black slug-shaped object on the leaf?A: slug eggs\nB: aphid colony\nC: fungal growth\nD: horse-fly egg mass" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The black slug-shaped object on the leaf is most consistent with D: horse-fly egg mass. While slug eggs...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000070	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What shape is a gamma ray burst?A: cylinder\nB: sphere\nC: beam\nD: cone" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are extremely energetic explosions observed in distant galaxies. Their immense energy output is difficult to explain if they emit ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000071	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "In the scenario where a disc with a tangentially attached rocket applies thrust, where is the torque opposite to that applied to the disc?A: The torque is absorbed by the disc itself, preventing any angular momentum transfer.\nB: The cloud of molecules emitted from the rocket h...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000072	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is a major difference in thermal conductivity between rocks and metals?A: Metals are excellent thermal conductors, rocks are poor conductors.\nB: Both rocks and metals are poor thermal conductors.\nC: Rocks are excellent thermal conductors, metals are poor conductors.\nD: ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000073	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "How many qubits are placed on a $k \\times k$ square lattice on a torus?A: k^2/2\nB: k^2\nC: 2k^2\nD: 4k^2" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To determine the number of qubits on a \$ k \\times k \$ square lattice on a torus, it is crucial to consider the cont...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000074	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Do internal torques cancel each other in an isolated system undergoing rotational motion?A: No, internal torques do not cancel each other in an isolated system.\nB: Only if the objects are not rotating.\nC: Only if the system is not isolated.\nD: Yes" }, { "role": "assi...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000075	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What does background binding refer to in the context of protein interactions?A: the total number of proteins present in a sample\nB: the specific binding affinity between two proteins\nC: the rate at which proteins are imported into mitochondria\nD: the extent to which two prot...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000076	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why is neutron radiation not considered an electromagnetic wave?A: Neutrons are particles with mass, not massless waves\nB: Neutrons are a form of gamma radiation, which is electromagnetic\nC: Neutrons travel at the speed of light, like electromagnetic waves\nD: Neutrons are ch...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000077	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why is the Leibniz integral rule not applied when differentiating the Fourier transform of the diffusion equation with respect to time?A: k \\text{ is independent of t}\nB: x \\text{ is dependent on k}\nC: k \\text{ is a function of t}\nD: t \\text{ is a function of x}" }, ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000078	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Can you distinguish if an object is stationary or moving at a constant velocity if you are moving with it in a frictionless environment?A: By feeling the wind resistance\nB: By measuring the object's acceleration\nC: By observing the object's motion relative to the stars\nD: No...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000079	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "At what distance can peculiar velocity be considered negligible compared to the expansion velocity?A: 5 Mpc\nB: 1 Mpc\nC: 30 Mpc\nD: 17 Mpc" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To determine the distance at which peculiar velocities become negligible compared to th...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000080	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the electric field inside a hollow smaller cylinder within a cylindrical capacitor?A: Equal to the electric field between the cylinders\nB: Non-zero due to the presence of charges on the outer cylinder\nC: 0\nD: Dependent on the radius of the hollow cylinder" }, { ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000081	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What gas is produced at the inert anode during electrolysis?A: Hydrogen\nB: Oxygen\nC: Sulfur dioxide\nD: Nitrogen" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "During electrolysis with an inert anode, the anode does not participate in the reaction, so oxidation occurs at ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000082	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What property must the susceptibility tensor $\\chi_{ij}$ have for a lossless and non-optically active material?A: $\\chi_{ij} = \\chi_{ji}$\nB: $\\chi_{ij} = -\\chi_{ji}$\nC: $\\chi_{ij} = 0$\nD: $\\chi_{ij} = \\chi_{ii}$" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "For ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000083	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What causes different symptoms in viral infections?A: Different viral proteins and their effects on host cells\nB: The strength of the host's immune system\nC: The time of day the infection occurs\nD: The temperature at which the virus replicates" }, { "role": "assistan...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000084	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why is there no movement of charge when the potential difference between two points in a circuit is zero?A: NO_NET_FIELD\nB: NO_CONDUCTIVITY\nC: NO_VOLTAGE_SOURCE\nD: NO_CHARGE_PRESENT" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "When the potential difference (voltage) be...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000085	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Where will the reflection of a cloud at height h above a lake appear in the lake?A: same depth\nB: surface of the lake\nC: height above the lake\nD: base of the lake" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The reflection of a cloud at height \$ h \$ above a lake ca...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000086	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Which graduate-level course is recommended for a math major aiming to understand theoretical physics through advanced math: Theoretical Mechanics or Electricity & Magnetism II?A: Mathematical Methods\nB: Graduate-level Algebra\nC: Electricity & Magnetism II\nD: Theoretical Mech...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000087	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Does the Compton effect change with different frames of reference?A: Yes\nB: No\nC: Only if the electron is at rest\nD: Only in special cases" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The Compton effect involves a photon scattering off a charged particle, typically an ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000088	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Can gravity pass through all types of materials, including the most dense ones?A: No, only through less dense materials\nB: Yes\nC: No, it cannot pass through black holes\nD: Only through certain types of materials" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The question...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000089	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Do free electrons in the wires move when a capacitor is discharging?A: Only in the resistor, not in the wires.\nB: No, only the charge on the capacitor moves.\nC: Only the capacitor plates move, not the electrons.\nD: Yes" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "When ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000090	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What happens to the Rf value of aspirin when the polarity of the solvent is increased?A: decrease\nB: become zero\nC: remain unchanged\nD: increase" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "When the polarity of the solvent in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is increase...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000091	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is the definition of power in terms of force and velocity?A: P = Fv\nB: P = F + v\nC: P = F - v\nD: P = F/a" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Power is defined as the rate at which work is done. Starting with the fundamental equations:\n\n1. Work (\$W\$) ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000092	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "How does the proportional muscle mass of an average ten-year-old boy compare to that of an average ten-year-old girl before puberty?A: Before 8: Large difference, 11-12: No difference, >13: Small difference\nB: Before 8: No difference, 11-12: Small difference, >13: Large differ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000093	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Can breaking waves form on oceans of planets with different gravity levels?A: Only on planets with Earth-like gravity\nB: Yes\nC: No, gravity prevents wave breaking\nD: Only if the planet has no atmosphere" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Breaking waves form w...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000094	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "Do the adjoint and time derivative operators commute for the unitary operator U(t,t0)?A: only under specific conditions\nB: it depends on the form of H(t)\nC: yes\nD: no" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The adjoint (dagger) operation and the time derivative op...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000095	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What operation should be performed on the given Ka value to find the equilibrium constant for the reverse reaction?A: reciprocate\nB: take the logarithm of\nC: square\nD: multiply by 10" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To determine the equilibrium constant for...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000096	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "How does sound travel over a wall?A: Absorption\nB: Reflection\nC: Refraction\nD: Diffraction" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Sound travels over a wall primarily through diffraction, which is the bending of waves around obstacles or through openings. Whil...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000097	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "When detecting neutrinos as flavor eigenstates after they lose coherence, will we detect three neutrinos?A: Yes, but only one at a time\nB: Yes, always three\nC: No\nD: Yes, as a tensor product" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "When detecting neutrinos as flavo...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000098	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "What MATLAB function is used to plot a vector field?A: plot\nB: mesh\nC: quiver\nD: contour" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The MATLAB function used to plot a vector field is quiver, which displays vectors as arrows at specified coordinates. The other opt...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }
0.1_general_instruct	general-0000099	false	[ { "role": "user", "content": "How do you calculate final velocity when time is not given but distance is provided?A: \\sqrt{v_0^2 + 2a/t}\nB: \\sqrt{v_0^2 + 2at}\nC: \\sqrt{v_0^2 + 2as}\nD: \\sqrt{v_0^2 + 2as^2}" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To determine the final velocity when time is ...	{ "source": "smoltalk2/Mixture_of_Thoughts_science_no_think" }

End of preview.

Chess SFT Training Data

A supervised fine-tuning dataset for teaching language models to reason about chess. It covers board perception, legal move generation, tactics, evaluation, openings, endgames, and planning.


Total examples	15,100,000
Total size	18902.7 MB
Format	JSONL chat rows with `messages`
Eval companion	Chess-Nut-Engine/chess-sft-eval

Tier Overview

Tier	Category	Tasks	Examples	Size
0	Unknown	1	300,000	556.2 MB
1	Perception	19	6,240,000	8029.8 MB
2	Rules	14	3,280,000	4298.8 MB
3	Tactics	9	1,800,000	1759.3 MB
4	Evaluation	3	600,000	447.9 MB
5	Openings	3	120,000	101.1 MB
6	Endgames	4	560,000	386.8 MB
7	Planning	14	2,200,000	3322.7 MB

Loading

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("Chess-Nut-Engine/chess-sft-corpus-4x", streaming=True)
ds_tier1 = load_dataset("Chess-Nut-Engine/chess-sft-corpus-4x", "tier1_perception")

Row Schema

Every row is one JSON object:

Field	Type	Meaning
`task`	str	Curriculum task id (e.g. `2.1_legal_move_gen`) — filter/join key
`tier`	int	Curriculum tier 1-7
`fen`	str	Anchor position (FEN)
`is_chess960`	bool	Chess960 row
`messages`	list	Chat turns (`system`/`user`/`assistant`); `7.12_game_episode` rows are multi-turn
`metadata`	object	Task-specific provenance (expected answers, source ids, dedup identity)

Filtering by task across configs:

legal = ds["train"].filter(lambda row: row["task"] == "2.1_legal_move_gen")

Data Sources

Rows are generated from Lichess games, Lichess puzzles, Lichess openings, Lichess position evaluations, MATE rows, Syzygy tablebases, Polyglot opening books, and generated Chess960 positions. Eval and benchmark FENs are excluded from training with a blocklist (game-scoped: sibling positions of eval games are blocked too).

Provenance

SDPO seed pack (2026-07-09): five new tier-7 tasks seeding RL-amplifiable reasoning behaviors, all engine/board-verified. 7.14_refute_and_switch (120k): tempting candidate -> its own engine-PV refutation with verified consequence -> 'Backtrack:' -> best. 7.15_composed_audit (120k): Check/Material/Captures/Hanging skill pipeline inline, then rated candidates. 7.16_prose_analysis (120k): grounded natural-language analysis in three styles (problem-focused / intuition-then-verify / comparison), phrase-pool diversity, zero unverified claims. 7.17_puzzle_episode (160k): full forced puzzle solutions as multi-turn episodes (opponent replies injected as user turns). 7.18_line_tracking_episode (120k): state the engine PV as a plan, execute it across turns ('On plan: was expected.'). Intended as an SFT top-up before GRPO/SDPO.
Also refreshed via identity-dedup resume: 7.2_puzzle_solving, 7.11_history_best_move.

Detailed File Listing

Tier 0 - Unknown

File	Task	Examples	Size
`tier0/0.1_general_instruct.jsonl`		300,000	556.2 MB

Tier 1 - Perception

File	Task	Examples	Size
`tier1/1.10_fen_row_application.jsonl`		400,000	781.0 MB
`tier1/1.11_square_coordinates.jsonl`		400,000	411.6 MB
`tier1/1.12_fen_rank_expansion.jsonl`		400,000	397.4 MB
`tier1/1.13_fen_rank_cell_edit.jsonl`		400,000	373.1 MB
`tier1/1.14_fen_board_edit.jsonl`		400,000	523.7 MB
`tier1/1.15_material_inventory.jsonl`		200,000	237.1 MB
`tier1/1.16_material_piece_counts.jsonl`		200,000	216.0 MB
`tier1/1.17_material_value_totals.jsonl`		200,000	224.7 MB
`tier1/1.18_material_balance_trace.jsonl`		200,000	319.0 MB
`tier1/1.19_multi_move_state_tracking.jsonl`	Apply two to three moves and report the resulting FEN	160,000	390.7 MB
`tier1/1.1_fen_to_board.jsonl`	Render a FEN string as a human-readable board diagram	320,000	242.9 MB
`tier1/1.2_board_to_fen.jsonl`	Convert a board diagram back to FEN notation	320,000	314.3 MB
`tier1/1.3_piece_identification.jsonl`	Identify which piece occupies a given square	400,000	359.3 MB
`tier1/1.4_piece_counting.jsonl`	Count pieces of a specific type/color on the board	320,000	516.2 MB
`tier1/1.5_state_tracking.jsonl`	Apply moves and report the resulting position	400,000	656.0 MB
`tier1/1.6_square_lookup.jsonl`	Read a single square's contents from FEN	400,000	327.6 MB
`tier1/1.7_rank_lookup.jsonl`	Read one compressed rank row from FEN	320,000	257.8 MB
`tier1/1.8_move_square_edits.jsonl`	Trace square lookups and rank edits for one move	400,000	659.2 MB
`tier1/1.9_fen_assembly.jsonl`	Apply one move and assemble the resulting full FEN	400,000	822.1 MB

Tier 2 - Rules

File	Task	Examples	Size
`tier2/2.0_side_piece_inventory.jsonl`	List side-to-move pieces and squares before move generation	240,000	374.4 MB
`tier2/2.10_ray_walk.jsonl`	Walk each slider ray square by square to derive its moves	200,000	305.5 MB
`tier2/2.11_legal_filter_trace.jsonl`	Filter every piece's pseudo-legal moves into rejected and legal moves	160,000	445.3 MB
`tier2/2.12_illegal_move_correction.jsonl`	Recover from a rejected illegal move by choosing a legal one	160,000	155.4 MB
`tier2/2.13_check_evasion.jsonl`	Enumerate every legal escape from check: king moves, checker captures, blocks	160,000	196.7 MB
`tier2/2.1_legal_move_gen.jsonl`	List all legal moves for the side to move	320,000	493.4 MB
`tier2/2.2_piece_specific_moves.jsonl`	List legal moves for a specific piece	320,000	258.0 MB
`tier2/2.3_move_legality_check.jsonl`	Determine whether a move is legal	320,000	271.2 MB
`tier2/2.4_check_detection.jsonl`	Detect check, checkmate, or stalemate	240,000	183.5 MB
`tier2/2.5_special_rules.jsonl`	Handle castling, en passant, promotion, and 50-move rule	200,000	171.6 MB
`tier2/2.6_piece_pseudo_legal_moves.jsonl`		240,000	234.9 MB
`tier2/2.7_piece_legal_filter.jsonl`		240,000	325.1 MB
`tier2/2.8_king_safety_filter.jsonl`		240,000	262.5 MB
`tier2/2.9_legal_moves_by_piece.jsonl`		240,000	621.5 MB

Tier 3 - Tactics

File	Task	Examples	Size
`tier3/3.1_available_captures.jsonl`	Find available capture moves	240,000	159.4 MB
`tier3/3.2_threats.jsonl`	Identify pieces that are threatening enemy pieces	200,000	133.5 MB
`tier3/3.3_attacked_defended.jsonl`	Count attackers and defenders of a queried square	240,000	290.0 MB
`tier3/3.4_tactical_patterns.jsonl`	Recognize tactical motifs	200,000	161.9 MB
`tier3/3.5_hanging_pieces.jsonl`	Find undefended pieces that can be captured	160,000	114.2 MB
`tier3/3.6_hanging_piece_status.jsonl`	Classify whether one piece is attacked, defended, and hanging	200,000	205.2 MB
`tier3/3.7_hanging_piece_filter.jsonl`	Audit attacked pieces and filter defended decoys from hanging pieces	200,000	247.2 MB
`tier3/3.8_hanging_piece_claim_verification.jsonl`	Verify and correct hanging-piece claims	200,000	268.8 MB
`tier3/3.9_static_exchange_evaluation.jsonl`	Work out capture recapture sequence and net material	160,000	179.1 MB

Tier 4 - Evaluation

File	Task	Examples	Size
`tier4/4.1_material_balance.jsonl`	Count material and compute the balance	200,000	155.7 MB
`tier4/4.2_position_evaluation.jsonl`	Evaluate a position from engine-calibrated labels	240,000	180.7 MB
`tier4/4.3_pawn_structure.jsonl`	Analyze pawn structure	160,000	111.5 MB

Tier 5 - Openings

File	Task	Examples	Size
`tier5/5.1_opening_identification.jsonl`	Name the opening from a position or line	40,000	32.2 MB
`tier5/5.2_opening_continuation.jsonl`	Suggest the next book move	40,000	33.8 MB
`tier5/5.3_opening_principles.jsonl`	Explain opening principles	40,000	35.1 MB

Tier 6 - Endgames

File	Task	Examples	Size
`tier6/6.1_endgame_classification.jsonl`	Classify the endgame material	120,000	80.6 MB
`tier6/6.2_endgame_wdl.jsonl`	Predict tablebase win/draw/loss	160,000	107.0 MB
`tier6/6.3_endgame_best_move.jsonl`	Find a tablebase-backed endgame move	160,000	107.7 MB
`tier6/6.4_endgame_principles.jsonl`	Explain endgame principles	120,000	91.5 MB

Tier 7 - Planning

File	Task	Examples	Size
`tier7/7.10_best_line_trace.jsonl`	Emit a fixed-grammar Stockfish best-line trace	120,000	171.3 MB
`tier7/7.11_history_best_move.jsonl`	Imitate the next move from a game prefix and current FEN	160,000	209.0 MB
`tier7/7.12_game_episode.jsonl`	Play a multi-turn game window move by move from a FEN anchor	160,000	271.2 MB
`tier7/7.13_candidate_compare_trace.jsonl`	Answer a best-move prompt by rating MultiPV candidates inside think before committing	160,000	345.3 MB
`tier7/7.14_refute_and_switch.jsonl`	Consider a tempting move, refute it with the engine line, backtrack to the best move	120,000	219.6 MB
`tier7/7.15_composed_audit.jsonl`	Audit check/material/captures/hanging inline, then rate candidates and choose	120,000	239.1 MB
`tier7/7.16_prose_analysis.jsonl`	Analyze a position in grounded prose (problem/intuition/comparison style), then give the move	120,000	275.1 MB
`tier7/7.17_puzzle_episode.jsonl`	Play out a forced puzzle solution turn by turn against injected opponent replies	160,000	184.3 MB
`tier7/7.18_line_tracking_episode.jsonl`	State the engine PV as a plan, then execute it across turns tracking the expected replies	120,000	193.4 MB
`tier7/7.1_best_move_selection.jsonl`	Select the best move from engine-evaluated positions	320,000	315.9 MB
`tier7/7.2_puzzle_solving.jsonl`	Solve a tactical puzzle	200,000	208.2 MB
`tier7/7.3_move_consequence.jsonl`	Predict the consequence of a candidate move	160,000	169.0 MB
`tier7/7.8_candidate_ratings.jsonl`	Rate five Stockfish MultiPV candidate moves with fixed grammar	160,000	280.2 MB
`tier7/7.9_step_verification.jsonl`	Audit a numbered chess trace and identify one broken step	120,000	241.1 MB

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Models trained or fine-tuned on Chess-Nut-Engine/chess-sft-corpus-4x