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id
string
record_id
string
variant
string
split
string
doc_type
string
invoice_type_code
string
layout
string
numeral_system
string
template_family
string
template_id
string
fonts
list
image
image
width
int32
height
int32
page
int32
n_pages
int32
qr_bbox
list
canonical
string
fields
list
field_links
list
line_items
list
words
list
doc_qa
list
degradation
dict
synthetic
bool
generator
dict
review_status
string
license
string
provenance_version
string
image_sha256
string
sei-000000-clean-p0
sei-000000
clean
train
credit_note
381
bilingual_stacked
arabic_indic
CDN04
CDN04:lateef:notosans:shuffled:iso:62
[ "Lateef@4.400", "Noto Sans@2.015" ]
1,240
1,754
0
2
null
"{\"allowances\": [], \"amount_in_words\": {\"ar\": \"فقط سبعة آلاف وسبعمائة وأ(...TRUNCATED)
[{"entity_id":"e3","field_id":"BT-27","role":"value","text_raw":"شركة خط الإتقان للش(...TRUNCATED)
[{"from_entity":"e13","to_entity":"e14","type":"ar_en_label"},{"from_entity":"e13","to_entity":"e12"(...TRUNCATED)
[{"row":1,"cells":[{"col":"desc","header_field_id":"BT-153","text_raw":"تذكرة سفر دولية(...TRUNCATED)
[{"word_id":"w0","text":"شركة","bbox":[1154.739990234375,43.75,1193.1199951171875,89.05999755859(...TRUNCATED)
[{"qid":"sei-000000-q0","question_ar":"ما الرقم الضريبي للمورد؟","question_en":(...TRUNCATED)
null
true
{"name":"saudi-einvoice-synth","version":"0.1.0","git_sha":"3d896716e4a633958bae8fbcc93287d55599dadd(...TRUNCATED)
machine_validated
cc-by-4.0
v0.1.0
7120c3d3c529e3ed30d437e219c750c10c04a4b4edbba6af7fce76c67e469dee
sei-000000-scan-p0
sei-000000
scan
train
credit_note
381
bilingual_stacked
arabic_indic
CDN04
CDN04:lateef:notosans:shuffled:iso:62
[ "Lateef@4.400", "Noto Sans@2.015" ]
1,240
1,754
0
2
null
"{\"allowances\": [], \"amount_in_words\": {\"ar\": \"فقط سبعة آلاف وسبعمائة وأ(...TRUNCATED)
[{"entity_id":"e3","field_id":"BT-27","role":"value","text_raw":"شركة خط الإتقان للش(...TRUNCATED)
[{"from_entity":"e13","to_entity":"e14","type":"ar_en_label"},{"from_entity":"e13","to_entity":"e12"(...TRUNCATED)
[{"row":1,"cells":[{"col":"desc","header_field_id":"BT-153","text_raw":"تذكرة سفر دولية(...TRUNCATED)
[{"word_id":"w0","text":"شركة","bbox":[1127.8599853515625,48.95000076293945,1165.8299560546875,9(...TRUNCATED)
[{"qid":"sei-000000-q0","question_ar":"ما الرقم الضريبي للمورد؟","question_en":(...TRUNCATED)
{"library":"saudi_einvoice_synth.degrade","version":"0.1.0","pipeline":"scan","params":"{\"angle\": (...TRUNCATED)
true
{"name":"saudi-einvoice-synth","version":"0.1.0","git_sha":"3d896716e4a633958bae8fbcc93287d55599dadd(...TRUNCATED)
machine_validated
cc-by-4.0
v0.1.0
c31f2ec036924ce8d58344d53fbd607423d417c93389004c185c36929017c2da
sei-000000-photo-p0
sei-000000
photo
train
credit_note
381
bilingual_stacked
arabic_indic
CDN04
CDN04:lateef:notosans:shuffled:iso:62
[ "Lateef@4.400", "Noto Sans@2.015" ]
1,240
1,754
0
2
null
"{\"allowances\": [], \"amount_in_words\": {\"ar\": \"فقط سبعة آلاف وسبعمائة وأ(...TRUNCATED)
[{"entity_id":"e3","field_id":"BT-27","role":"value","text_raw":"شركة خط الإتقان للش(...TRUNCATED)
[{"from_entity":"e13","to_entity":"e14","type":"ar_en_label"},{"from_entity":"e13","to_entity":"e12"(...TRUNCATED)
[{"row":1,"cells":[{"col":"desc","header_field_id":"BT-153","text_raw":"تذكرة سفر دولية(...TRUNCATED)
[{"word_id":"w0","text":"شركة","bbox":[1122.6600341796875,74.86000061035156,1158.25,117.58999633(...TRUNCATED)
[{"qid":"sei-000000-q0","question_ar":"ما الرقم الضريبي للمورد؟","question_en":(...TRUNCATED)
{"library":"saudi_einvoice_synth.degrade","version":"0.1.0","pipeline":"photo","params":"{\"attempt\(...TRUNCATED)
true
{"name":"saudi-einvoice-synth","version":"0.1.0","git_sha":"3d896716e4a633958bae8fbcc93287d55599dadd(...TRUNCATED)
machine_validated
cc-by-4.0
v0.1.0
933dd481c764f8fd481b097b402e60f7d925979aa00dc7660ddd8eac8cd4ef2e
sei-000000-low_ink-p0
sei-000000
low_ink
train
credit_note
381
bilingual_stacked
arabic_indic
CDN04
CDN04:lateef:notosans:shuffled:iso:62
[ "Lateef@4.400", "Noto Sans@2.015" ]
1,240
1,754
0
2
null
"{\"allowances\": [], \"amount_in_words\": {\"ar\": \"فقط سبعة آلاف وسبعمائة وأ(...TRUNCATED)
[{"entity_id":"e3","field_id":"BT-27","role":"value","text_raw":"شركة خط الإتقان للش(...TRUNCATED)
[{"from_entity":"e13","to_entity":"e14","type":"ar_en_label"},{"from_entity":"e13","to_entity":"e12"(...TRUNCATED)
[{"row":1,"cells":[{"col":"desc","header_field_id":"BT-153","text_raw":"تذكرة سفر دولية(...TRUNCATED)
[{"word_id":"w0","text":"شركة","bbox":[1157.1600341796875,45.400001525878906,1195.6800537109375,(...TRUNCATED)
[{"qid":"sei-000000-q0","question_ar":"ما الرقم الضريبي للمورد؟","question_en":(...TRUNCATED)
{"library":"saudi_einvoice_synth.degrade","version":"0.1.0","pipeline":"low_ink","params":"{\"angle\(...TRUNCATED)
true
{"name":"saudi-einvoice-synth","version":"0.1.0","git_sha":"3d896716e4a633958bae8fbcc93287d55599dadd(...TRUNCATED)
machine_validated
cc-by-4.0
v0.1.0
b783c6c1cb86030b42c878d5cd280ea1eacd01cc48d5e6c87af303722e260a7e
sei-000000-clean-p1
sei-000000
clean
train
credit_note
381
bilingual_stacked
arabic_indic
CDN04
CDN04:lateef:notosans:shuffled:iso:62
[ "Lateef@4.400", "Noto Sans@2.015" ]
1,240
1,754
1
2
[ 46.880001068115234, 624.3699951171875, 277.8599853515625, 855.3499755859375 ]
"{\"allowances\": [], \"amount_in_words\": {\"ar\": \"فقط سبعة آلاف وسبعمائة وأ(...TRUNCATED)
[{"entity_id":"e204","field_id":"BT-27","role":"value","text_raw":"شركة خط الإتقان لل(...TRUNCATED)
[{"from_entity":"e206","to_entity":"e207","type":"ar_en_label"},{"from_entity":"e206","to_entity":"e(...TRUNCATED)
[]
[{"word_id":"w0","text":"شركة","bbox":[1166.8699951171875,50.0,1193.1199951171875,81.25],"polygo(...TRUNCATED)
[{"qid":"sei-000000-q0","question_ar":"ما الرقم الضريبي للمورد؟","question_en":(...TRUNCATED)
null
true
{"name":"saudi-einvoice-synth","version":"0.1.0","git_sha":"3d896716e4a633958bae8fbcc93287d55599dadd(...TRUNCATED)
machine_validated
cc-by-4.0
v0.1.0
8a0672d4305d057f00b0b292b176d2e29fa3567b38feb0bcdf1bf77f35314863
sei-000000-scan-p1
sei-000000
scan
train
credit_note
381
bilingual_stacked
arabic_indic
CDN04
CDN04:lateef:notosans:shuffled:iso:62
[ "Lateef@4.400", "Noto Sans@2.015" ]
1,240
1,754
1
2
[ 41.83000183105469, 632.2100219726562, 272.6600036621094, 863.030029296875 ]
"{\"allowances\": [], \"amount_in_words\": {\"ar\": \"فقط سبعة آلاف وسبعمائة وأ(...TRUNCATED)
[{"entity_id":"e204","field_id":"BT-27","role":"value","text_raw":"شركة خط الإتقان لل(...TRUNCATED)
[{"from_entity":"e206","to_entity":"e207","type":"ar_en_label"},{"from_entity":"e206","to_entity":"e(...TRUNCATED)
[]
[{"word_id":"w0","text":"شركة","bbox":[1159.6800537109375,57.939998626708984,1185.9200439453125,(...TRUNCATED)
[{"qid":"sei-000000-q0","question_ar":"ما الرقم الضريبي للمورد؟","question_en":(...TRUNCATED)
{"library":"saudi_einvoice_synth.degrade","version":"0.1.0","pipeline":"scan","params":"{\"angle\": (...TRUNCATED)
true
{"name":"saudi-einvoice-synth","version":"0.1.0","git_sha":"3d896716e4a633958bae8fbcc93287d55599dadd(...TRUNCATED)
machine_validated
cc-by-4.0
v0.1.0
708f913286ac16cc115f4365e05e85feef4760bdbf4c132d9b2c1b0da2758a83
sei-000000-photo-p1
sei-000000
photo
train
credit_note
381
bilingual_stacked
arabic_indic
CDN04
CDN04:lateef:notosans:shuffled:iso:62
[ "Lateef@4.400", "Noto Sans@2.015" ]
1,240
1,754
1
2
[ 138.6199951171875, 643.969970703125, 346.95001220703125, 856.5399780273438 ]
"{\"allowances\": [], \"amount_in_words\": {\"ar\": \"فقط سبعة آلاف وسبعمائة وأ(...TRUNCATED)
[{"entity_id":"e204","field_id":"BT-27","role":"value","text_raw":"شركة خط الإتقان لل(...TRUNCATED)
[{"from_entity":"e206","to_entity":"e207","type":"ar_en_label"},{"from_entity":"e206","to_entity":"e(...TRUNCATED)
[]
[{"word_id":"w0","text":"شركة","bbox":[1078.5799560546875,192.92999267578125,1099.0999755859375,(...TRUNCATED)
[{"qid":"sei-000000-q0","question_ar":"ما الرقم الضريبي للمورد؟","question_en":(...TRUNCATED)
{"library":"saudi_einvoice_synth.degrade","version":"0.1.0","pipeline":"photo","params":"{\"attempt\(...TRUNCATED)
true
{"name":"saudi-einvoice-synth","version":"0.1.0","git_sha":"3d896716e4a633958bae8fbcc93287d55599dadd(...TRUNCATED)
machine_validated
cc-by-4.0
v0.1.0
ef2b4b3a5e0f46c70784479107c6b21c1137761dcf5dc15cfa31b397658f086d
sei-000000-low_ink-p1
sei-000000
low_ink
train
credit_note
381
bilingual_stacked
arabic_indic
CDN04
CDN04:lateef:notosans:shuffled:iso:62
[ "Lateef@4.400", "Noto Sans@2.015" ]
1,240
1,754
1
2
[ 45.88999938964844, 625.7100219726562, 277.7799987792969, 857.5999755859375 ]
"{\"allowances\": [], \"amount_in_words\": {\"ar\": \"فقط سبعة آلاف وسبعمائة وأ(...TRUNCATED)
[{"entity_id":"e204","field_id":"BT-27","role":"value","text_raw":"شركة خط الإتقان لل(...TRUNCATED)
[{"from_entity":"e206","to_entity":"e207","type":"ar_en_label"},{"from_entity":"e206","to_entity":"e(...TRUNCATED)
[]
[{"word_id":"w0","text":"شركة","bbox":[1163.6199951171875,47.7599983215332,1189.989990234375,79.(...TRUNCATED)
[{"qid":"sei-000000-q0","question_ar":"ما الرقم الضريبي للمورد؟","question_en":(...TRUNCATED)
{"library":"saudi_einvoice_synth.degrade","version":"0.1.0","pipeline":"low_ink","params":"{\"angle\(...TRUNCATED)
true
{"name":"saudi-einvoice-synth","version":"0.1.0","git_sha":"3d896716e4a633958bae8fbcc93287d55599dadd(...TRUNCATED)
machine_validated
cc-by-4.0
v0.1.0
f0a6691143a0d9baa8d628fb0357e3adf215a743b2a3914fe52b4813d9873443
sei-000002-clean-p0
sei-000002
clean
train
simplified_tax_invoice
388
receipt_80mm
western
THS10
THS10:cairo:cairo:en_first:iso:18
[ "Cairo@3.130", "Cairo@3.130", "IBM Plex Mono@2.3" ]
640
1,489
0
1
[ 150, 1010.1099853515625, 489.989990234375, 1350.0999755859375 ]
"{\"allowances\": [], \"amount_in_words\": {\"ar\": \"فقط ألف وخمسمائة وتسعون ر(...TRUNCATED)
[{"entity_id":"e2","field_id":"custom:trade_name","role":"value","text_raw":"مخبز سفينة ا(...TRUNCATED)
[{"from_entity":"e12","to_entity":"e13","type":"ar_en_label"},{"from_entity":"e13","to_entity":"e11"(...TRUNCATED)
[{"row":1,"cells":[{"col":"desc","header_field_id":"BT-153","text_raw":"بسبوسة علبة صغي(...TRUNCATED)
[{"word_id":"w0","text":"مخبز","bbox":[392.1199951171875,116.30000305175781,453.17999267578125,1(...TRUNCATED)
[{"qid":"sei-000002-q0","question_ar":"ما إجمالي ضريبة القيمة المضافة؟","(...TRUNCATED)
null
true
{"name":"saudi-einvoice-synth","version":"0.1.0","git_sha":"3d896716e4a633958bae8fbcc93287d55599dadd(...TRUNCATED)
machine_validated
cc-by-4.0
v0.1.0
03d22f058610ba17657bf3c1fbc48f864e5382e7f5517ea99785e12e54bbe604
sei-000002-scan-p0
sei-000002
scan
train
simplified_tax_invoice
388
receipt_80mm
western
THS10
THS10:cairo:cairo:en_first:iso:18
[ "Cairo@3.130", "Cairo@3.130", "IBM Plex Mono@2.3" ]
640
1,489
0
1
[ 146.89999389648438, 1000.5399780273438, 486.8900146484375, 1340.530029296875 ]
"{\"allowances\": [], \"amount_in_words\": {\"ar\": \"فقط ألف وخمسمائة وتسعون ر(...TRUNCATED)
[{"entity_id":"e2","field_id":"custom:trade_name","role":"value","text_raw":"مخبز سفينة ا(...TRUNCATED)
[{"from_entity":"e12","to_entity":"e13","type":"ar_en_label"},{"from_entity":"e13","to_entity":"e11"(...TRUNCATED)
[{"row":1,"cells":[{"col":"desc","header_field_id":"BT-153","text_raw":"بسبوسة علبة صغي(...TRUNCATED)
[{"word_id":"w0","text":"مخبز","bbox":[377.489990234375,116.16000366210938,438.510009765625,173.(...TRUNCATED)
[{"qid":"sei-000002-q0","question_ar":"ما إجمالي ضريبة القيمة المضافة؟","(...TRUNCATED)
{"library":"saudi_einvoice_synth.degrade","version":"0.1.0","pipeline":"scan","params":"{\"angle\": (...TRUNCATED)
true
{"name":"saudi-einvoice-synth","version":"0.1.0","git_sha":"3d896716e4a633958bae8fbcc93287d55599dadd(...TRUNCATED)
machine_validated
cc-by-4.0
v0.1.0
10643e3812908f92c9d93e4358fe1af32ac7f0f681a89b3b6c725ca6db4fd20f
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

Synthetic Saudi E-Invoices, Receipts and Bilingual Forms

By Bayanat Labs · version 0.1.0 · CC BY 4.0 · fully synthetic

Saudi-style tax invoices, simplified tax invoices (thermal receipts), credit and debit notes, quotations, proforma invoices and bilingual business forms, for research on OCR, key information extraction and document question answering. Every document starts as a generated record whose amounts reconcile exactly. The record is rendered in Arabic and English in one of 60 template families, labelled with pixel boxes for every printed field, and given bilingual question-answer pairs. Tax documents also have UBL 2.1 XML in the ZATCA e-invoice format and a TLV QR code.

What Count
Generated records 25,000
Clean page images 34,517
Degraded variant images (three per clean page; not separate documents) 103,551
XML documents 22,450
Doc-QA pairs 125,789
Template families 60

The files come to 36.52 GB. Space: sample browser with box overlays. Code: generator, validators and converters (Apache-2.0).

Everything in it was generated

No real invoice, receipt or form went into this dataset. Every party, identifier, product and amount was generated. Every page carries the footer "Synthetic research sample — not a valid tax invoice". It is for research; it is not for producing, validating or submitting real tax invoices. No file was ever sent to a ZATCA system.

  • VAT numbers have the form 3999999999NNNN3, the 15-digit format the XML rules require. No register was consulted, so a match with a real registration cannot be ruled out; anyone can report one to hello@bayanatlabs.com. Vendor documentation for the ZATCA sandbox gives the number 399999999900003, which has the same form and is not used here.
  • IBANs have the Saudi layout (SA, two check digits, 20 digits), with check digits chosen so that the mod-97 check fails.
  • Commercial registration numbers are 10 digits starting with 99. Saudi office codes start with 1 to 5 and unified national numbers with 7. No table of allocated prefixes is published, so this prefix is our reading of the published formats.
  • National ID and Iqama numbers, on a few individual buyers, are 10 digits whose last digit fails the Luhn check.
  • Export buyer identifiers are EXP plus 8 digits, a pattern of this project; no register was consulted.
  • Phone numbers are +966 52 or +966 15 numbers, ranges not allocated in the Saudi numbering plan as published in the libphonenumber metadata.
  • E-mail addresses and websites sit under the reserved .example domain.
  • Postal codes, building numbers and additional numbers are random digits, not matched to the city or district.
  • Organisation names are built from word parts and compared with organisation, business and brand names from Wikidata (Jaro-Winkler 0.92 after normalisation); a match is dropped. A generated name can still match a small real business; report it to hello@bayanatlabs.com.
  • Person names are random combinations of Arabic given and family names. Full names were compared with the names of people from Wikidata, through the Bayanat Labs Arabic Entity Atlas and Arab-World Wikidata Slice, in Arabic and English, and exact matches after normalisation were removed. A generated name can still match a real person, and anyone can report it to hello@bayanatlabs.com. The records draw only from a fixed pool of 40,000 full names, in src/saudi_einvoice_synth/data/person_pool.json in the code repository.
  • City and district names are real, from a gazetteer. Streets are generated combinations of words.
  • Signatures are test signatures with a self-generated key, not valid for submission. ZATCA has not endorsed this dataset.

Load

pip install datasets pillow huggingface_hub
from datasets import load_dataset

pages = load_dataset("Bayanat-Labs/saudi-einvoice-synth", "pages", split="test", streaming=True)
row = next(iter(pages))
row["image"], row["variant"], row["fields"][0]

xml = load_dataset("Bayanat-Labs/saudi-einvoice-synth", "xml", split="train", streaming=True)
qa = load_dataset("Bayanat-Labs/saudi-einvoice-synth", "doc_qa", split="train", streaming=True)

The whole pages config is about 32.2 GB, so streaming or single Parquet files are the practical way in. Converters to COCO and to FUNSD/XFUND-style JSON are in the code repository:

pip install "saudi-einvoice-synth[package] @ git+https://github.com/Bayanat-Labs/saudi-einvoice-synth@v0.1.0"
hf download Bayanat-Labs/saudi-einvoice-synth data/pages/test/shard-00000-b00-000.parquet --repo-type dataset --local-dir .
saudi-einvoice-synth to-coco data/pages/test/shard-00000-b00-000.parquet coco.json

Configs and counts

Config One row is Train Validation Test Total Files
pages one page image, clean or degraded, with its labels 108,356 12,784 16,928 138,068 32.2 GB
xml one XML document, its hash chain values, QR and validation result 17,585 2,250 2,615 22,450 0.34 GB
doc_qa one question with its answer and evidence 98,745 12,607 14,437 125,789 0.12 GB
source one record's HTML and born-digital PDF 19,628 2,504 2,868 25,000 3.8 GB

Records, clean pages and degraded variants, always separately:

Split Records Clean pages Degraded variant images
train 19,628 27,089 81,267
validation 2,504 3,196 9,588
test 2,868 4,232 12,696
all 25,000 34,517 103,551
Document type Records Clean pages Degraded variant images
Standard tax invoice 10,050 17,492 52,476
Simplified tax invoice 8,700 8,700 26,100
Credit note 2,419 3,248 9,744
Debit note 1,281 1,733 5,199
Quotation 804 1,282 3,846
Proforma invoice 546 862 2,586
Payment voucher 350 350 1,050
Receipt voucher 350 350 1,050
Vendor registration 250 250 750
Expense claim 250 250 750
Media Records Clean pages Degraded variant images
A4, 1240 x 1754 px 15,600 25,117 75,351
Receipt, 80 mm, 640 px wide 5,600 5,600 16,800
Receipt, 58 mm, 464 px wide 3,800 3,800 11,400

Degraded variants are scan (34,517) and photo (34,517) on every page, low_ink (25,117) on A4 pages and thermal_faded (9,400) on receipts. Each is one 3 x 3 homography plus photometric effects (fading, streaks, shadow, lighting, blur, noise, JPEG at quality 85-88). The same geometry moves the boxes, and the parameters and homography are stored in the row. Clean pages are PNG. 8,427 records have more than one page, the longest 8. Numeral systems by record: Western 15,001, Arabic-Indic 5,033, mixed 4,966.

Splits and template families

There are 60 template families: 25 A4 standard invoices, 15 thermal simplified invoices, 6 A4 and 2 thermal credit and debit notes, 6 quotation and proforma, and 6 bilingual business forms. Within a family each record draws its own fonts, label wording and order, numeral system, date format and colours.

  • 10 families occur only in test: A4S22, A4S23, A4S24, A4S25, BFM06, CDN06, CDN08, QPF06, THS14, THS15.
  • 5 families occur only in validation: A4S20, A4S21, BFM05, CDN05, THS13.
  • The other 45 occur in all three splits, spread by seller.
  • 2 of the 16 Arabic font families occur only in test: Harmattan and Markazi Text.
  • 1,985 generated sellers, 0 of them in more than one split; 0 records have variants in more than one split. Only sellers are kept apart by split: buyers and people are drawn from pools shared by all splits, so the same name can occur in more than one split.

The test split is released whole; there is no hidden test split.

Schema

pages

Column Meaning
id, record_id Page id <record>-<variant>-p<page> and the record it belongs to
variant, page, n_pages clean, scan, photo, low_ink or thermal_faded; page index; pages in the record
split, doc_type, invoice_type_code, layout, numeral_system, template_family, template_id, fonts What was rendered
image, width, height, image_sha256 The image and its size in pixels and hash
fields Every printed field: entity_id, field_id (BT-xx, KSA-x or custom), role (key, value, header, other), text_raw as printed in logical order, value_norm, text_norm, lang, bbox [x0, y0, x1, y1], polygon, line_boxes, word_ids, link_group, cell. entity_id is unique per page, not per record The bbox of a field that wraps is the union of its line_boxes and can cover neighbouring fields; use line_boxes for exact lines.
field_links key_value and ar_en_label links between fields
line_items Table rows with cells, each with its header field, text, value and box
words Words with boxes in reading order
doc_qa, qr_bbox The record's questions with boxes on this page; the QR code's box. Here evidence_bbox holds only this page's boxes and is not index-aligned with evidence_field_ids and evidence_pages, which keep all pages; use the doc_qa config for aligned lists, in clean-page coordinates
canonical The generated record as JSON: parties, dates, lines, totals, payment. On a vendor registration form seller is the organisation whose form it is, and the registering company in the form's fields is form.party. Fonts, numeral system and template_id are in the row's own columns
degradation Pipeline, parameters and homography (null on clean pages)
generator Generator name, version, commit, seed, template id and fonts; its llm_model, llm_revision and prompt_sha256 are null: the generator calls no model when it builds a record
provenance_version, synthetic, review_status, license Always v0.1.0, true, machine_validated and cc-by-4.0

xml: record_id, split, doc_type, invoice_type_code, invoice_subtype, template_family, xml, xml_sha256, invoice_hash, icv, pih, qr_base64, qr_tlv (tags 1-9), validation (status, xsd, rules_version, errors, warnings, sdk_run, sdk_version), signature_note, synthetic, license.

doc_qa: qid, record_id, page_ids, split, doc_type, template_family, question_ar, question_en, answer, answer_type, answer_text_ar, answer_text_en, abstain, qtype, evidence_field_ids, evidence_pages, evidence_bbox, license. 23,789 of the 125,789 questions ask about a field the document does not have, and the right answer is to abstain. Answers are in the form the record holds, whichever language the question is read in: 23,371 of the 102,000 answered questions have an answer with Arabic letters (names of parties, item names, reasons and purposes). Each question has a single answer: a quantity question names an item that is on one line only (0 exceptions), and a highest-price question is asked only when one item has the highest price (0 exceptions). The evidence of a question about the number of lines is the printed number of the last line when the table numbers its lines, and otherwise the description box of every line.

source: record_id, split, doc_type, template_family, n_pages, html, html_sha256, pdf, pdf_sha256, license.

What was checked, and the limits

Each shard passed the checks below before it was committed, and the release-wide figures were then computed again on the released rows. Results are in meta/gates_summary.json, counts in meta/stats.json, checksums in SHA256SUMS and MANIFEST.json.

The ZATCA SDK was not run. The download page of the ZATCA Compliance and Enablement Toolbox requires accepting terms and conditions, which this project did not do. What was run instead: schema validation against the OASIS UBL 2.1 Invoice-2 XSDs, and a separate check of the published KSA business rules (ZATCA Electronic Invoice XML Implementation Standard, version of 19 May 2023), written for this project and cited by rule id. All 22,450 XML documents pass both, read again from the released rows (0 with errors). Passing them says nothing about what the SDK or a ZATCA system would report. Every row records sdk_run: false. The invoice hash follows the ZATCA Security Features Implementation Standard, and each generated seller has its own ICV counter and previous-invoice-hash chain (0 broken links in 22,450 documents).

Check Result
Arithmetic: line, allowance, charge, VAT-breakdown and document totals, on released rows 24,050 records with amounts, 0 failures
QR code read back from the clean page image equals the XML value 22,450 of 22,450 clean pages
QR read rate on degraded images (reported, not required), with a second try at 2x when the first fails scan 99.97%, photo 96.53%, low ink 96.60%, faded thermal 94.52%
Identifiers: the rules above on every party of every record, on released rows 25,000 records, 0 violations
Identifier-shaped strings in printed labels, XML, questions and HTML outside those rules 0
Organisation names compared with names in Wikidata; a small real business can still match 13,065 Arabic and 13,048 English names, 0 matches
Printed person names outside the fixed pool 22,920 names, 0 outside it
Printed full names equal to a person's name in that comparison (exact after normalisation) 0 of 17,286 distinct names; the most used name occurs 6 times
Every printed character covered by a declared font 0 records with a fallback glyph
Near-duplicate records (MinHash over the content fields, threshold 0.9, whole release) 0 pairs in 25,000 records
Image SHA-256 across all shards 0 duplicates in 138,068 images
Value boxes outside the image frame, on all variants 0 of 9,775,548 including QR code boxes (9,685,748 excluding them)
Links along sellers' chains that go backward in time 0 of 20,474
generator.git_sha in every row is the commit of its shard, as given under "Generator commits" below 0 rows name another

QR time limit. The decoder has a limit of 60 seconds per image with one retry, because it can loop for ever on a degraded image. An image that runs out of time counts as unread in the degraded read rates above. This happened to one image; the count comes from the shards' QR check times, by the rule in meta/gates_summary.json. The limit was added during the run and applies from shard 9; the QR check of each earlier shard took at most 4.7 s in all, so no image there came near it.

OCR check on boxes. Tesseract 5 with the tessdata_best ara and eng models reads every value box (excluding QR code boxes) on clean pages. It takes the best of up to ten settings per box (page segmentation mode, padding, scaling) and the character error rate must be at most 10% on at least 98% of boxes. 2,010,936 of 2,031,409 boxes pass (98.99%). This leaves out 390,028 boxes written in Arabic-Indic digits, which the ara models do not read (one setting reads 2.1% of them at 10% or less); those boxes only get an ink check, and all 2,421,437 value boxes (excluding QR code boxes) contain ink. So the check shows that boxes sit on readable text in a best case; it does not measure what an OCR engine reads at one setting, which the reference baseline below does.

PDF text check. The text that the born-digital PDF holds inside each value box (excluding QR code boxes) equals the label for values written without Arabic letters: 1,931,870 of 1,931,870. Those are digits, dates, amounts, identifiers and Latin text, where a bidi error would reorder runs. Over all 2,421,437 values the rate is 94.82%, and 74.37% for the 489,567 values with Arabic letters, because the Arabic text layer of the source PDFs is not reliable in some fonts. In the Noto Kufi, Naskh and Sans Arabic families, where many shaped glyphs have no Unicode mapping, all values read back at 80.0%, 80.0% and 80.0%. Use the labels, not the PDF text layer, as the Arabic text.

Rebuilds. Images need not rebuild byte for byte. Shard 30 (500 of 25,000 records) was built twice from the same commit. Of its 2,792 images, 68 differ, from 17 clean pages and their variants; the largest box shift is 0.9 px, and 0.0 px on value boxes. 0 of 500 PDFs are identical, because each embeds its creation time. In that comparison 500 of 500 records, 449 of 449 XML documents and QR codes and 500 of 500 HTML files are identical. The comparison covers that shard only.

Line amounts and discounts. In 26 of the 60 template families the line table has no discount column, so a discounted line prints its amount after the discount and the discount itself is not printed. Quantity times price then differs from the printed amount: 11,521 of those families' 78,171 lines (5,537 of their 10,200 records). The discount is in the canonical record and in the XML.

Items and wording. 18,413 of 167,056 lines carry an item from outside the seller's sector, about one line in nine, so an item can look out of place for its seller. Quotations use the invoice wording for their number and, on some templates, their date.

Second draws. 73 seeds use a second draw: 71 were drawn again to remove near-duplicates of a record with a lower seed, and two because the first draw's table did not fit the page. Each keeps its id, family, split and date slot. They are listed in src/saudi_einvoice_synth/data/redraws.json in the code repository.

Generator commits. Rows name the commit that built them: shards 0-32 name 3d89671, shards 33-37 name fb4fb69 and shards 38-49 name 6b2ac8b. All three are in the history of tag v0.1.0. The later commits add only a time limit in the QR check, those two second draws and documentation, and tag v0.1.0 reproduces the records of every shard. A record reproduces only when records are generated from seed 0 in seed order, because each seller's chain runs across shards; the code repository's README gives the commands.

Review status. review_status is machine_validated on every row: the labels passed these scripted checks, and no reviewer has gone through them. The Arabic text has not yet been reviewed by a native Arabic writer; the English governs.

What the release holds. The four configs above. There is no print-and-scan subset: degraded variants are simulated, and the gap to real scans and to real invoices has not been measured. Field values, catalogue items and questions come from written lexicons and rules.

Reference baseline

A reference on a sample, not a product and not a benchmark of Tesseract in general: Tesseract 5.5.3 with the tessdata_fast ara and eng models, CPU only, on a fixed sample of 1,000 validation and test records drawn with seed 20261102 across all shards (323 from families also in train, 677 from families only in validation or test). The record ids are in meta/baseline_sample.json and the results in meta/baseline_results.json.

Field F1 by variant, seen and unseen template families

Variant Value boxes Mean CER, all Mean CER, no Arabic-Indic digits Share CER at most 10%, no Arabic-Indic digits
clean 97,435 0.210 0.103 88.0%
scan 97,435 0.231 0.125 84.1%
photo 97,435 0.289 0.192 72.4%
low_ink (A4 only) 82,858 0.200 0.093 88.3%
thermal_faded (receipts only) 14,577 0.279 0.168 77.9%

Field extraction: Tesseract on page 1 of tax invoices, simplified invoices and credit and debit notes, then rules for five fields (invoice number, issue date, seller VAT number, total with VAT, VAT total). Micro F1:

Variant Pages All Families also in train Families only in validation or test
clean 910 0.705 0.698 0.709
scan 910 0.699 0.694 0.700
photo 910 0.584 0.575 0.589
low_ink (A4 only) 572 0.639 0.600 0.652
thermal_faded (receipts only) 338 0.781 0.787 0.778

F1 by field:

Variant Invoice number Issue date Seller VAT number Total with VAT VAT total
clean 0.951 0.774 0.678 0.515 0.559
scan 0.953 0.778 0.649 0.508 0.550
photo 0.813 0.699 0.553 0.431 0.360

Field extraction reads page 1 only. Totals are on a later page for 213 of 572 A4 documents, where those two fields cannot score, so the gap between A4 and receipts below is in large part this design choice and not OCR quality. On clean pages of documents with totals on page 1, F1 is 0.761 over all five fields and 0.677 for total with VAT; on A4 alone it is 0.724 with totals on page 1 and 0.519 with totals on a later page.

The same pages by media, because low_ink and thermal_faded cover different documents:

Media clean scan photo low_ink or thermal_faded
A4 0.649 0.642 0.562 0.639
Receipts 0.800 0.793 0.623 0.781

Read these with care. Nothing was trained: a difference between seen and unseen families reflects layouts and fonts, not generalisation. The extraction rules were written for these layouts by the author of the generator, so the figures say little about real invoices. 95% bootstrap intervals, resampling records, are in meta/baseline_results.json.

Attribution and licence

The data is licensed CC BY 4.0 (LICENSE). Cite Bayanat Labs and link this page.

  • City and district names come from the Bayanat Labs Arabic Gazetteer (CC BY 4.0), which takes place names from GeoNames (CC BY 4.0) and Wikidata (CC0).
  • Organisation names and full person names were compared with names from Wikidata (CC0), through the Bayanat Labs Arabic Entity Atlas and Arab-World Wikidata Slice.
  • Fonts: the 16 Arabic families and their Latin companions are under the SIL Open Font License 1.1, unmodified. They are in the code repository with each family's OFL.txt; versions and hashes are in its NOTICE and config/fonts.json.
  • The ZATCA Electronic Invoice XML Implementation Standard, Security Features Implementation Standard and E-Invoice Data Dictionary are cited, and no part of them is in this dataset beyond the field ids, codes and rule ids the format requires.

The sources and versions of what went into the build are in meta/PROVENANCE.jsonl.

Citation

@misc{bayanatlabs_saudi_einvoice_synth_2026,
  title  = {Synthetic Saudi E-Invoices, Receipts and Bilingual Forms},
  author = {{Bayanat Labs}},
  year   = {2026},
  note   = {Version 0.1.0. Fully synthetic},
  url    = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/Bayanat-Labs/saudi-einvoice-synth}
}

Contact

Questions, corrections, or anything that resembles a real party: hello@bayanatlabs.com

العربية

The Arabic text has not yet been reviewed by a native Arabic writer; the English governs.

فواتير إلكترونية وإيصالات ونماذج سعودية اصطناعية ثنائية اللغة من بيانات لابز، بترخيص CC BY 4.0. مجموعة بيانات اصطناعية بالكامل لأبحاث التعرف الضوئي على الحروف واستخراج المعلومات والأسئلة والأجوبة على المستندات. يبدأ كل مستند بسجل افتراضي تتطابق مبالغه تمامًا، ويُعرض بالعربية والإنجليزية في واحدة من عائلات القوالب البالغ عددها 60، ويُوسم بإحداثيات كل حقل مطبوع وبأزواج أسئلة وأجوبة ثنائية اللغة. وللمستندات الضريبية ملف XML وفق UBL 2.1 بصيغة الفوترة الإلكترونية لهيئة الزكاة والضريبة والجمارك ورمز QR بصيغة TLV.

العدد
السجلات الافتراضية 25,000
صور الصفحات النظيفة 34,517
صور النسخ المتدهورة (ثلاث لكل صفحة نظيفة، وليست مستندات مستقلة) 103,551
ملفات XML 22,450
أزواج الأسئلة والأجوبة 125,789

جميع الأطراف والمعرفات والمنتجات والمبالغ مولَّدة، وتحمل كل صفحة التذييل «عينة اصطناعية لأغراض البحث — ليست فاتورة ضريبية». والبيانات مخصصة للبحث، وليست لإنتاج فواتير ضريبية حقيقية أو التحقق منها أو تقديمها. وأسماء الأشخاص تركيبات عشوائية من أسماء شخصية وأسماء عائلات عربية. وقورنت الأسماء الكاملة بأسماء الأشخاص المأخوذة من ويكي بيانات، بالعربية والإنجليزية، وحُذف ما طابقها تمامًا بعد التوحيد. وقد يطابق الاسم المولَّد مع ذلك شخصًا حقيقيًا، ويمكن لأي شخص الإبلاغ عنه عبر hello@bayanatlabs.com. وأرقام ضريبة القيمة المضافة بالصيغة 3999999999NNNN3، وهي صيغة الخمسة عشر رقمًا التي تتطلبها قواعد XML. ولم يُرجع إلى أي سجل، فلا يمكن استبعاد مطابقتها لتسجيل حقيقي، ويمكن لأي شخص الإبلاغ عن ذلك عبر hello@bayanatlabs.com. وأرقام الآيبان لا تجتاز فحص الخانة، والبريد الإلكتروني والمواقع تحت النطاق المحجوز .example. أما أسماء المدن والأحياء فحقيقية من معجم جغرافي.

حدود ما فُحص:

  • لم تُشغَّل حزمة أدوات هيئة الزكاة والضريبة والجمارك (SDK)، لأن صفحة تنزيلها تتطلب الموافقة على الشروط والأحكام. وما شُغّل بدلًا منها هو التحقق من مخططات OASIS UBL 2.1 وفحص منفصل لقواعد الأعمال السعودية المنشورة كُتب لهذا المشروع. والتوقيعات اختبارية بمفتاح مُولَّد ذاتيًا، وغير صالحة للتقديم.
  • يستخدم فحص التعرف الضوئي نماذج tessdata_best ويأخذ أفضل نتيجة من عشرة إعدادات كحد أقصى لكل مربع: 2,010,936 من أصل 2,031,409 من المربعات (98.99%). ولا يشمل المربعات المكتوبة بالأرقام العربية الهندية وعددها 390,028، ولا يُجرى لها إلا فحص الحبر.
  • يغطي فحص نص PDF القيم المكتوبة دون حروف عربية (1,931,870 من 1,931,870). وتبلغ النسبة على كل القيم 94.82%، لأن طبقة النص العربي في ملفات PDF المصدرية غير موثوقة في بعض الخطوط.
  • لا يُعاد بناء الصور مطابقةً بايتًا ببايت بالضرورة: من 2,792 صورة في الجزء الذي بُني مرتين، تختلف 68 صورة، ويتضمن كل ملف PDF وقت إنشائه. وتغطي تلك المقارنة 500 سجل، وتفاصيلها في القسم الإنجليزي.
  • في 26 من أصل 60 عائلة قوالب لا يضم جدول البنود عمود خصم، فيُطبع مبلغ البند بعد الخصم ولا يُطبع الخصم نفسه: 11,521 من أصل 78,171 بندًا في تلك العائلات (5,537 من أصل 10,200 سجلًا). والخصم موجود في السجل canonical وفي XML.
  • نحو بند من كل تسعة مأخوذ من خارج قطاع البائع (18,413 من أصل 167,056)، فقد يبدو الصنف في غير موضعه. وتستخدم عروض الأسعار صياغة الفاتورة لرقمها، ولتاريخها في بعض القوالب.
  • يستخدم 73 بذرة سحبًا ثانيًا: 71 لإزالة التكرار القريب، و2 لأن جدول السحب الأول لم يتسع في الصفحة. وهي مذكورة في src/saudi_einvoice_synth/data/redraws.json في مستودع الشيفرة.
  • لقارئ رمز QR حد زمني قدره 60 ثانية لكل صورة مع إعادة محاولة واحدة، وتُحسب الصورة التي ينفد وقتها غير مقروءة في معدلات القراءة على النسخ المتدهورة. وعدد الصور التي حدث لها ذلك: 1.
  • تذكر الصفوف الإيداع الذي بناها: الأجزاء 0-32 تذكر 3d89671، والأجزاء 33-37 تذكر fb4fb69، والأجزاء 38-49 تذكر 6b2ac8b، وكلها في تاريخ الوسم v0.1.0. ولا تضيف الإيداعات اللاحقة سوى حد زمني في فحص QR وسحبين ثانيين ووثائق، ويعيد الوسم v0.1.0 إنتاج سجلات كل الأجزاء.
  • حالة الوسوم machine_validated. ولا يضم الإصدار نسخًا مطبوعة وممسوحة فعليًا، ولا قسم اختبار مخفيًا.

خط الأساس المرجعي (Tesseract بنماذج tessdata_fast) على عينة ثابتة من 1,000 سجل من التحقق والاختبار، وليس على كامل الإصدار: F1 لخمسة حقول 0.705 على الصفحات النظيفة و0.584 على نسخ التصوير. ولا يُقرأ إلا الصفحة الأولى، والمجاميع في صفحة لاحقة في 213 من أصل 572 مستند A4، فلا يمكن أن يسجل هذان الحقلان فيها نتيجة. وهو مرجع وليس منتجًا.

pip install datasets pillow huggingface_hub
from datasets import load_dataset
pages = load_dataset("Bayanat-Labs/saudi-einvoice-synth", "pages", split="test", streaming=True)

للتواصل: hello@bayanatlabs.com

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