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The dataset generation failed
Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    ValueError
Message:      Expected object or value
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 290, in _generate_tables
                  pa_table = paj.read_json(
                      io.BytesIO(batch), read_options=paj.ReadOptions(block_size=block_size)
                  )
                File "pyarrow/_json.pyx", line 342, in pyarrow._json.read_json
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 155, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 92, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
                  raise convert_status(status)
              pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: JSON parse error: Column() changed from object to string in row 0
              
              During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1816, in _prepare_split_single
                  for key, table in generator:
                                    ^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 613, in wrapped
                  for item in generator(*args, **kwargs):
                              ~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 304, in _generate_tables
                  batch = json_encode_fields_in_json_lines(original_batch, json_field_paths)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/utils/json.py", line 111, in json_encode_fields_in_json_lines
                  examples = [ujson_loads(line) for line in original_batch.splitlines()]
                              ~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/utils/json.py", line 20, in ujson_loads
                  return pd.io.json.ujson_loads(*args, **kwargs)
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
              ValueError: Expected object or value
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1369, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
                                                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  )
                  ^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 948, in stream_convert_to_parquet
                  builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1683, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  ):
                  ^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1869, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

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messages
list
[ { "role": "user", "content": "The main purpose of my request is to look at three main countries in the Indo-pacific, and how they might interact with Australia. The three I have chosen are Japan, India and China. I want you to provide some background on each country, with history and also more current infor...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "Provide a concise, objective summary of the input text in up to three sentences, focusing on key actions and intentions without using second or third person pronouns." }, { "role": "user", "content": "Dear Emily,\n\nThank you for reaching out and for your kind wor...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "You're an AI assistant for text re-writing. Rewrite the input text to make it more concise while preserving its core meaning." }, { "role": "user", "content": "Hi Mark,\n\nI hope you're doing well. As we're gearing up for the big fundraiser event, I've been thinki...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "You are a space smuggler with a heart o' gold. Describe yourself and the ship you captain. \n\n(I think you can be creative here, but try to stay fairly consistent with the Han Solo type smuggler)" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The name's Ryker \"Raven\" Vex...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I need to launch a new product online. Can you help me plan?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To launch a new product online effectively, we'll need to break down the process into manageable stages. First, let's define your goals and timelines. What kind of pr...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "You are an AI rewriting assistant. You will be provided with a text and you need to rewrite it according to the user's instructions." }, { "role": "user", "content": "Combine information from the two sources to create an overview of the effects of technology on mo...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "You are an expert in composing functions. You are given a question and a set of possible functions. \nBased on the question, you will need to make one or more function/tool calls to achieve the purpose. \nIf none of the functions can be used, point it out and refuse to answer...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What were the main results of applying statistical analysis to the English language?\n\nInformation theory's fundamental contribution to natural language processing and computational linguistics was further established in 1951, in his article \"Prediction and Entropy of Printed...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Some people describe braising as \"transformative\". Why is this so?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Braising is a common cooking technique where some primary ingredient (typically a cut of tough meat) cooks for a long time under low temperature and with lots...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Update this web page's content.\nThis web page is about a small business that sells crafts." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Welcome to our craft store – we specialized in creating beautiful handmade crafts that are perfect for any occasion!\n\nOur small busin...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "You're an AI assistant for text re-writing. Rewrite the input text to make it more professional and formal while retaining its essential content." }, { "role": "user", "content": "I'm thrilled to share a recent success story from our mental wellness program at Gre...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "A young woman named Sophia is driving her sports car down a winding mountain road and she's being tailed by someone in an old sedan. How can I build tension in this scene?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To build tension in this scene, you could start by crea...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "You are an expert in composing functions. You are given a question and a set of possible functions. \nBased on the question, you will need to make one or more function/tool calls to achieve the purpose. \nIf none of the functions can be used, point it out and refuse to answer...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "You are an AI assistant. User will you give you a task. Your goal is to complete the task as faithfully as you can. While performing the task think step-by-step and justify your steps." }, { "role": "user", "content": "Please answer this question: Which is the mos...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Let's discuss number theory. Let k be an integer k ≥ 2. Consider two sequences of numbers. Let's define them recursively. Sequence {x_n} is defined as:\n\nx_1 = k\n\nx_n+1 = k*x_n + 1 for n ≥ 1.\n\nAnd we define the sequence {y_n} as\n\ny_1 = 1\n\ny_n+1 = (y_n/k) + 1 for n ≥ 1...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Does Gen Z appreciate Radiohead's music?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Everyone appreciates Radiohead's music. It's timeless, the tune is catchy, the lyrics are deep, the vocal is excellent, the moodiness of the songs resonate with young people from every n...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Write a Python function that takes two lists of strings as input and returns a list of strings that are present in both lists. The function should not modify the original lists or create a new list." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To achieve this, we can use ...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "Provide a concise, objective summary of the input text in up to three sentences, focusing on key actions and intentions without using second or third person pronouns." }, { "role": "user", "content": "Hi Priya,\n\nThank you for sending the preliminary itinerary. I...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "Provide a concise, objective summary of the input text in up to three sentences, focusing on key actions and intentions without using second or third person pronouns." }, { "role": "user", "content": "By . Mail Online Reporter . A mother suffering from post-natal ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "You are a barista at a coffee shop in a small town that has one traffic light. What is a typical morning like for you? \n\n(Note, I am not role playing but asking a question that hopefully gives insight into your role.)" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "A typic...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What are some innovative ways to repurpose old and condemned buildings so that they may still be of use to the community?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Repurposing old and condemned buildings can breathe new life into communities while preserving the histor...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why is the primary form of travel in the United States personal vehicle rather than by mass transit?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "One reason that mass transit isn't as popular in the United States is that many large cities were built with vehicles in mind ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I have an issue with using Matplotlib in Python for plotting a bar graph and simultaneously write down the value on top of each of the bar. Here's the code which does the plotting but I am unable to display the value for each bar:\n```\nimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n\n# data...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "You are an expert in composing functions. You are given a question and a set of possible functions. \nBased on the question, you will need to make one or more function/tool calls to achieve the purpose. \nIf none of the functions can be used, point it out and refuse to answer...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "How can I create a JavaScript program that prints the Fibonacci sequence up to a given count?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "You can use the following code snippet to achieve that:\n\n```javascript\nlet i,\n count = 10,\n a = 0,\n b = 1,\n fib = ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I'm confused as to which of these food staples have gluten and which are gluten-free. From this list can you tell me which is which: Pasta, rice, potatoes, noodles and bread." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Rice and potatoes do not contain gluten, so they are...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I'd like to get feedback on the following blog post about the mechanics of writing. \n\nWriting a novel is difficult and the difficulty of finishing can be a deterent to even trying to start. But with a clear understanding of the core mechanics of writing, you can overcome obst...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Generate a creative title for a blog post on environmental sustainability using a play on words." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Saving Our Planet for Thrift's Sake." } ]
[ { "role": "user", "content": "A man working late at night sees an apparition of a young girl in his office building. What could be the reason for her presence and how could the story unfold?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Imagine the man, a dedicated professional, typing away at his comp...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "The ratio between the number of passengers travelling by I and II class between two railway stations is unknown, whereas the ratio of I and II class fares between the same stations is 3 : 1. If on a particular day Rs. 1,325 were collected from the passengers travelling between ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Where is Landscape Arch?\n\nLandscape Arch is a natural rock arch in Arches National Park in the U.S. state of Utah. With a length of 290.1 feet (88.4 m), it is the longest natural arch in the park and the United States, and the fifth-longest in the world. Landscape Arch was na...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Find the integral of 1 / (1 + x^2) from 0 to 1." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To find the integral of 1 / (1 + x^2) from 0 to 1, we can use a trigonometric substitution that is based on the relationship between the derivative of the arctangent function and ...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "You are an AI assistant that follows instruction extremely well. Help as much as you can." }, { "role": "user", "content": "What is the missing first step of the following process: - Preheat the oven to desired baking temperature - Grease your preferred cake pan...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "You are an expert in composing functions. You are given a question and a set of possible functions. \nBased on the question, you will need to make one or more function/tool calls to achieve the purpose. \nIf none of the functions can be used, point it out and refuse to answer...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Consider a scenario where a woman named Jane has been saving for years to buy a home and has finally found the perfect house. However, after running some numbers and considering factors like mortgage rates, insurance, and property taxes, she realizes she could potentially spend...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "If a 23 year old male was in a 5 year relationship but recently just broke up. How do they navigate back to being single especially when they went from being 18 and in a relationship to now 23 and not in one. They have friends but they were with their ex for so long they do not...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "In the context of solving complex problems, some individuals argue that creative problem-solving can be enhanced by taking time off from work and engaging in relaxing or enjoyable activities such as sports, reading, hiking, and various other hobbies. However, others argue that ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I am trying to subclass threading.Condition in Python but encountering an error. The code I tried is:\n```python\nimport threading\nclass ThisWontWork(threading.Condition):\n pass\n```\nBut this throws the following error:\n\n```python\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n ...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "You are an AI rewriting assistant. You will be provided with a text and you need to rewrite it according to the user's instructions." }, { "role": "user", "content": "Divide this sentence into two or three shorter sentences in order to make it easier to read:\nAft...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "You are an AI rewriting assistant. You will be provided with a text and you need to rewrite it according to the user's instructions." }, { "role": "user", "content": "Combine the two sentences into one using an appropriate relative pronoun:\nThe students enjoyed t...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "You're an AI assistant for text re-writing. Rewrite the input text to make it more concise while preserving its core meaning." }, { "role": "user", "content": "Dear Dr. Chen,\n\nI recently came across your groundbreaking research on Arctic ice melt rates, and I mu...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What is a \"percentile.\" Explain with an example." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "A percentile is a statistical measure that indicates the percentage of data points that fall below a specific value. It's a way to describe the distribution of data by dividing...
[ { "role": "system", "content": "You're an AI assistant for text re-writing. Rewrite the input text to make it more friendly and approachable while maintaining its main points." }, { "role": "user", "content": "Jamie,\n\nI've reviewed the latest build of the AUV integration with your navigation a...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Plan a trip to Europe that includes 6 countries in 30 days." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To plan a 30-day trip to Europe covering 6 countries, we'll prioritize efficient travel routes, consider time constraints, and create a mix of city explorations, cultu...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Given this reference paragraph about Roger Franklin Bonk where was he born?\n\nRoger Franklin Bonk (June 9, 1944 – February 13, 2023) was an American professional football player who was a linebacker for one season in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for the Winnipeg Blue Bom...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What team represents Concordia University in Irvine, California?\n\nThe Concordia Golden Eagles are the athletic teams that represent Concordia University Irvine, located in Irvine, California, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the Division II level of the National Colle...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I am planning to create an online course for teaching a language and I don't know where to start. Can you help me create a structured plan?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "To create a structured plan for your online language course, let's break it down into k...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Can you provide a comparison chart of the characteristics of startup companies and established companies using an HTML page? Specifically, what are the key differences between their organizational structure, funding sources, risk tolerance, and growth strategies? Also, can you ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Write a sample program in Java that implements a queue data structure that follows the FIFO (First-In-First-Out) principle. The program should allow users to add elements to the queue (enqueue), remove elements from the queue (dequeue), and check the size of the queue. \n\nReme...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Name the members of the band Phish" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The band Phish started in Vermont in the 1980s. The current members of the band are Trey Anastasio, Mike Gordon, Jon Fishman, and Page McConnell. Jeff Holdsworth is a past member of the band. ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What are some creative ways for artists to get their work out in the public eye?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "One approach is to think beyond traditional gallery settings and bring art directly to the people. Artists could consider transforming public spac...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Produce a Python function `interpolate_colors(color1, color2, steps)` that generates a list of `steps` colors linearly interpolated between `color1` and `color2`. Each color should be a tuple of 3 integers between 0 and 255." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "He...
End of preview.

YAML Metadata Warning:empty or missing yaml metadata in repo card

Check out the documentation for more information.

100M English LM — instruct SFT dataset

The shared ChatML instruct dataset (SmolTalk core + Dolly-15k) and 32k tokenizer used to SFT both arms of the A/B below. All-masked windows are dropped at pack time.

Experiment: does overtraining a tiny LM pay off?

Two ~100M-parameter from-scratch English language models, identical architecture and identical instruct SFT, differing only in pretraining token budget:

model pretrain tokens instruct val loss
overtrained 26B (260 tok/param) 1.7337
chinchilla (compute-optimal floor) 2B (20 tok/param) 2.0180

After identical SFT, the heavily overtrained base yields a measurably more instruction-shaped model: ~0.28 nats lower validation loss. Trained end to end on a single consumer RTX 3070 Ti (8GB).

Architecture & data

~100M-parameter vanilla Llama (RMSNorm, SwiGLU, RoPE, grouped-query attention, tied embeddings), 32,000-token ByteLevel BPE, 2048 context. English-only corpus (cosmopedia-v2 + fineweb-edu-dedup + wikipedia-en), trained from scratch.

Custom architecture: load with the included model.py + config.py, not the HF AutoModel API. Instruct models use ChatML with assistant-only loss masking.

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