122Uswa/code-switching-codesaviours-si26-Uswa

Code-Switching Dataset: Roman Urdu ↔ English (Pakistan)

Dataset Description

This dataset contains 191 naturally code-switched Roman Urdu–English sentences** (well above the 150 minimum) blending Roman Urdu and English, the way Pakistani speakers actually write online. Every word in every sentence is labelled at the token level, making this a word-level sequence labelling / language identification dataset for code-switched text.

Roman Urdu–English mixing is extremely common in Pakistani digital communication (Twitter/X, Reddit, YouTube comments, WhatsApp, Facebook) but is poorly handled by most existing NLP models, which are trained on monolingual corpora. This dataset is a small step toward closing that gap.

How it was collected

The dataset combines two sources:

1. 180 constructed sentences built from common Roman Urdu clauses ("Aaj mera mood nahi hai", "Bhai kal mera presentation hai") combined with everyday English clauses ("still not prepared at all", "I was literally waiting for you") in natural conjunction patterns, plus additional hand-written naturalistic examples.
2. 11 real sentences collected from the author's own WhatsApp chats (covering casual, academic/FYP-related, and tech-support conversation), manually redacted of names and identifying details before inclusion.

No personally identifying information is included in either source.

Dataset Structure

Flat CSV, one row per word:

column	description
sentence	the full original mixed-language sentence
word	a single token from that sentence
label	URD, ENG, or MIX — see below

Label Meanings

• URD — the word is Roman Urdu (e.g. bohot, nahi, hai, karna)
• ENG — the word is English (e.g. meeting, honestly, deadline)
• MIX — a hybrid/ambiguous token: typically an English loanword used inside an Urdu grammatical frame (e.g. presentation, mood, scene appearing mid-Urdu-clause), or a word whose language identity is genuinely ambiguous without broader context

Stats

• 191 unique sentences (180 constructed + 11 collected from real WhatsApp chats)
• 2,025 word-level labelled entries
• Roughly balanced ENG/URD split (~1,000 each), with a smaller set of MIX tokens capturing loanword code-mixing specifically

Intended Use

• Training/evaluating token-level language identification models for code-switched Roman Urdu–English text
• Pretraining data augmentation for Pakistani-English NLP tools
• Linguistic research on code-switching patterns

Limitations

• Sentences are representative/naturalistic constructions rather than a raw scrape of live social media, so they may not capture every dialectal variation, spelling inconsistency, or platform-specific slang found in the wild. Users building production systems should supplement with real, consented social-media data.
• Roman Urdu has no standardized spelling — this dataset uses common transliteration conventions but variants exist.

Author

Author: Uswa Fatima Code Saviours SI-26, Project 2