DaraLM-50M

DaraLM-50M is a 33.4M-parameter Khmer/English base language model implemented from scratch in PyTorch. It is an educational artifact, not a production or factual question-answering model.

This is a raw completion model. For the instruction-tuned checkpoint, see daraa1607/daralm-50m-instruct.

Architecture

Field	Value
Parameters	33,366,528
Hidden size	512
Layers / heads	8 / 8
Feed-forward size	2,048
Context	1,024 tokens
Vocabulary	16,000 SentencePiece Unigram tokens

The decoder uses RMSNorm, causal attention, RoPE, GELU feed-forward layers, and tied input/output embeddings.

Usage

This custom architecture is not directly compatible with AutoModelForCausalLM. Clone the DaraLM repository for its model implementation.

import torch
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download

from daralm.inference.generator import generate
from daralm.model.config import ModelConfig
from daralm.model.transformer import DaraLMTransformer
from daralm.tokenizer.tokenizer import DaraLMTokenizer

repo_id = "daraa1607/daralm-50m"
weights_path = hf_hub_download(repo_id, "pytorch_model.pt")
config_path = hf_hub_download(repo_id, "config.yaml")
tokenizer_path = hf_hub_download(repo_id, "tokenizer.model")

config = ModelConfig.from_yaml(config_path)
tokenizer = DaraLMTokenizer.from_pretrained(tokenizer_path)
model = DaraLMTransformer(config.architecture, pad_token_id=tokenizer.pad_id)
release = torch.load(weights_path, map_location="cpu", weights_only=True)
model.load_state_dict(release["model_state_dict"])
model.eval()

text = generate(
    model,
    tokenizer,
    prompt="Cambodia is",
    max_new_tokens=50,
    temperature=0.8,
    top_p=0.9,
)
print(text)

pytorch_model.pt contains inference weights and basic metadata. It does not contain optimizer, scheduler, or RNG state for resuming training.

Training

• 2,990 cleaned Wikipedia documents: 2,691 train, 149 validation, 150 test.
• Approximately 8.25M corpus tokens, balanced between Khmer and English by document count.
• 1,500 AdamW steps, effective batch 16, bf16 precision.
• 24,576,000 tokens processed on Apple Silicon MPS.
• Final validation loss 5.2041; perplexity 182.0.

This checkpoint predates the repository’s later corpus expansion and Common Crawl merge.

Limitations

• Outputs are often repetitive, fabricated, or grammatically incomplete.
• It does not reliably follow instructions or answer questions.
• Khmer output is weaker than English and language drift can occur.
• No safety tuning, preference tuning, filtering, or red-teaming was performed.

Do not use this model for factual, medical, legal, financial, or safety-critical decisions.

License

Code is MIT licensed. Wikipedia training data is CC BY-SA 4.0 / GFDL, and the weights inherit applicable share-alike terms.