DexterP29/slm125LIVE-base

A 126M-parameter Llama-architecture base model pretrained from scratch on a legal/financial corpus. Not instruction-tuned.

Model

Parameters 125,847,552
Layers / hidden / heads 12 / 768 / 12
Context length 1024
Vocabulary 16384 (byte-level BPE trained on this corpus)
Tied embeddings yes

Training data

2.04B tokens, deduplicated (MinHash/LSH + exact hash) and decontaminated against the CaseHOLD benchmark via 13-gram overlap:

  • sec โ€” 861M tokens (42%)
  • case-law โ€” 714M tokens (35%)
  • fineweb-edu โ€” 466M tokens (23%)

Sources: HFforLegal/case-law (US court opinions), PleIAs/SEC (filings), HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu (general educational web text).

Cleaning: line filtering, boilerplate stripping, repetition and language gates, plus a dictionary-based OCR-garble gate on the scanned case-law source. 24,002 case-law documents were removed as CaseHOLD-contaminated.

Training

One epoch over 2.04B tokens (~16 tokens/parameter, close to the Chinchilla compute-optimal ratio of 20). 8xH100, bf16, DDP, fused AdamW, cosine schedule (lr 0.0006 -> 6e-05), 524,288 tokens per step. Final validation perplexity 10.52.

Validation perplexity by source

{ "case-law": { "val_loss": 2.5158, "ppl": 12.38 }, "fineweb-edu": { "val_loss": 3.3054, "ppl": 27.26 }, "sec": { "val_loss": 1.7897, "ppl": 5.99 } }

Perplexity varies sharply by domain: SEC filings are highly formulaic and score best, while general web text is the most diverse and scores worst. This model is specialized, not general.

Limitations

Small, single-epoch, and domain-skewed. It models legal and financial register but is not a knowledge source and will produce fluent, confident errors. It has no instruction tuning and no safety alignment. Do not use it for legal or financial advice.

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