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IndoBERT-GRU for Bot Detection on Platform X
This model uses BERT-BASE-MULTILINGUAL-CASED to classify Twitter/X accounts as bots or humans based on textual content and numeric features.
Model Architecture
- Base Model:
bert-base-multilingual-cased - Classifier: GRU + 2-layer Feedforward (ReLU + Sigmoid)
Dataset
This dataset consists of Indonesian tweets with labels (0 for human, 1 for bot), combined with numeric features like favorite_count, retweet_count, reply_count, and quote_count.
Training Details
- Loss Function: Binary Cross Entropy (BCELoss)
- Optimizer: Adam (lr = 2e-5)
- Epochs: 10
- Max Token Length: 128
- Batch Size: 16
Training Log
| Epoch | Train Loss | Val Accuracy | Precision | Recall | F1-score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.9018 | 0.8632 | 0.8436 | 0.8928 | 0.8675 |
| 2 | 0.3000 | 0.8740 | 0.8526 | 0.9053 | 0.8781 |
| 3 | 0.2735 | 0.8890 | 0.8821 | 0.8988 | 0.8904 |
| 4 | 0.2590 | 0.8940 | 0.8920 | 0.8973 | 0.8946 |
| 5 | 0.2520 | 0.8958 | 0.9068 | 0.8829 | 0.8947 |
| 6 | 0.2409 | 0.8965 | 0.9163 | 0.8734 | 0.8943 |
| 7 | 0.2390 | 0.9020 | 0.9160 | 0.8858 | 0.9007 |
| 8 | 0.2317 | 0.9045 | 0.9068 | 0.9023 | 0.9045 |
| 9 | 0.2329 | 0.9052 | 0.9029 | 0.9088 | 0.9058 |
| 10 | 0.2288 | 0.9067 | 0.9101 | 0.9033 | 0.9067 |
Evaluation Results
Final Validation Accuracy: 0.5620 Final Precision: 0.5338 Final Recall: 1.0000 Final F1-score: 0.6960
Final ROC AUC: 0.9750
Confusion Matrix
ROC Curve
Classification Report
precision recall f1-score support
Human 0.90 0.91 0.91 1994
Bot 0.91 0.90 0.91 2006
accuracy 0.91 4000
macro avg 0.91 0.91 0.91 4000
weighted avg 0.91 0.91 0.91 4000
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