laion/moss-va-sft3-rate-lora

MOSS VA SFT3 — speaking-rate LoRA (rank 16)

⚠️ Do not merge this adapter into the base weights

merge_and_unload(), merge_adapter(), and any offline "bake the LoRA into the checkpoint" script will destroy the model irrecoverably. This is not a performance caveat. Read this before you write a deployment script.

Why

This adapter targets audio_lm_heads.0 … audio_lm_heads.11 and text_lm_head — 12 of its 23 target modules. In this architecture those output heads are weight-tied to the input embeddings: tie_weights() sets

audio_lm_heads[i].weight  IS  audio_embeddings[i].weight     # the same tensor, not a copy
text_lm_head.weight       IS  transformer.embed_tokens.weight

They are one allocation with two names. So when a merge adds B @ A * (alpha/r) into the head weight, it writes that delta straight into the embedding table at the same time. The model then reads its own inputs through a matrix that has been shifted by an output-side correction. Generation does not fail loudly — it degrades into noise or into a fixed babble, and the damage is inside the checkpoint you just saved. There is nothing to unmerge afterwards, because the original values are gone.

Verify it yourself in three lines

Do not take our word for it:

m = base.model if hasattr(base, "model") else base
print(m.audio_lm_heads[0].weight.data_ptr() == m.audio_embeddings[0].weight.data_ptr())
# True  -> same storage, merging corrupts the embeddings

What to do instead

Load with PEFT and leave the adapter unmerged. Set its strength through the scaling factor:

from peft import PeftModel

model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(base, "<this repo>", adapter_name="a").to(dev).eval()
# do NOT call model.merge_and_unload()

def set_weight(model, name, w):
    """Scale one named adapter's contribution.  alpha/r is its own base scaling."""
    for module in model.modules():
        scaling = getattr(module, "scaling", None)
        if isinstance(scaling, dict) and name in scaling:
            if not hasattr(module, "_base_scaling"):
                module._base_scaling = {}
            module._base_scaling.setdefault(name, scaling[name])
            scaling[name] = module._base_scaling[name] * float(w)

set_weight(model, "a", 1.0)
model.base_model.set_adapter(["a"])      # several adapters can be active at once

This sounds identical to a merge. An unmerged LoRA computes Wx + (B @ A)x * (alpha/r), which is exactly what the merged weight W + B @ A * (alpha/r) would compute — the same arithmetic, in a different order. You give up a small amount of inference speed and you keep the ability to change the weight, stack several adapters, or turn one off. Nothing about the sound changes.

If you are stacking adapters

Set each one's scaling separately and activate them together with model.base_model.set_adapter([...]). Note that stacking is not free: in our own measurements a deep stack held audio quality but destroyed intelligibility (word error 0.063 → 0.554). Add adapters deliberately and measure.

If you maintain code that merges

A regex over module names is not enough — the reliable test is identity of storage. Group the modules by weight.data_ptr() and refuse to merge into any group with more than one member. lora_bank.py in LAION-AI/Humaneness-Voice-Demo-Server does this and asserts on the merge path.

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Read this first: this adapter does not do what it was built to do. It was trained to make the model obey an explicit speaking-rate instruction in the prompt. Measured against the base model in 400 paired trials across two designs, it changes the speaking rate by nothing measurable. It is published because the measurement is the useful part, and because it is the initialisation of the two quality adapters that build on it.

It is harmless — word error rate and duration accuracy are unchanged — but it is not a rate control and should not be described as one.

What was supposed to happen, in plain language

A text-to-speech model normally decides for itself how fast to talk. We wanted to be able to say "say this line at 26 characters per second" and have it comply, so an agent could direct pacing the way a director does.

To teach that, we took 121,940 real recordings and, for each one, wrote the speaking rate of the actual recording into the prompt. A third of the rows say the duration ("3.3 seconds"), a third say the rate ("20.0 characters per second"), a third say both. Then we trained a small adapter — 34.4 million extra weights on top of a frozen 4.55-billion-parameter model — to predict the audio given that prompt.

Why it could not have worked

The rate in every training row was computed from the duration: rate = characters / duration, where both the characters and the duration are already printed in the prompt. So the rate tag never carried information the prompt did not already contain. The model had no reason to learn to read it — the answer was always available somewhere else.

Worse, the prompt envelope also carries a Tokens: budget that fixes the total length directly. That budget, not the tag, is what actually controls timing — and the base model already obeys it.

The measurements

Base = laion/moss-tts-local-transformer-4.55b-voice-acting-v2-sft3. 8 texts × 5 requested rates × 3 samples, paired within cell on a shared seed. "Tempo" is characters per voiced second (silence excluded); "slope" is achieved tempo regressed on requested tempo, where 1.0 would be perfect obedience and 0.0 would be total indifference.

Design A — the budget moves with the request (the natural way to ask)

tag mode	model	slope	±se	tempo @14	tempo @26	WER
duration only	base	0.659	0.072	17.6	25.8	0.074
duration only	+ this adapter	0.589	0.083	18.1	25.4	0.071
rate only	base	0.664	0.066	17.6	26.4	0.049
rate only	+ this adapter	0.656	0.075	18.0	26.4	0.049
both	base	0.774	0.072	16.3	25.8	0.067
both	+ this adapter	0.778	0.066	18.1	27.7	0.067

The base model tracks the request just as well as the adapter — and it has never seen a rate tag. It is responding to the length budget, which moves with the request in all three modes. Interaction term (adapter's gain in rate mode beyond its gain in duration mode): −0.09.

Design B — the budget is pinned, only the tag varies (the decisive test)

tag mode	model	slope	±se	tempo @14	tempo @26
rate only	base	0.008	0.069	18.5	18.3
rate only	+ this adapter	−0.034	0.069	18.4	18.1
both	base	0.104	0.066	17.9	18.4
both	+ this adapter	−0.006	0.055	17.3	17.7

All four slopes are zero. Told 14 or told 26, the model speaks at 18.

What is controllable

1. Total duration: fully. Median error 0.000 s in 13 of 14 conditions of a separate 1,596-clip study, regression slope 0.979. This works through the Tokens: budget and needs no adapter.
2. Tempo: only indirectly. A tighter budget forces faster speech, but there is a floor around 18 characters per voiced second — below it the model does not slow down, it pads with silence.
3. The rate tag: inert.

Audio quality (16 prompts, paired vs base)

DNSMOS	SIG	BAK	WER	genuineness
−0.054 (t −1.55)	−0.047	−0.036	+0.028	−0.047

No significant change on anything.

How it was trained

base	laion/moss-tts-local-transformer-4.55b-voice-acting-v2-sft3
data	121,940 voice-profile recordings, rate modes in equal thirds (40,835 / 40,609 / 40,496)
corpus rate	median 20.7 characters per second, p10 16.2, p90 27.4; 1.30 rate segments per clip
adapter	LoRA rank 16, α 32, dropout 0.05, 34.4 M of 4.164 B trainable (0.825 %)
schedule	1 epoch, 3,788 updates, lr 1e-4 cosine to 0.1×, 50 % warmup, weight decay 0.1, global batch 32
hardware	4 GPUs, 1 h 47 min
val loss	3.8225 → 3.8227 → 3.8216 → 3.8200 over the four evaluation points

The validation loss is not a quality signal here and should not be read as one. It runs over every audio token of a clip, and a rate tag moves almost none of that distribution; the total movement across the whole run is 0.0025 at n = 116. This is exactly why the behavioural test above exists.

Prompt format

This adapter was trained on prompt format hash 090c4ca315519a57, not the project's usual 073aeb09dc923376. A duration-only row is byte-identical between the two; the rate forms are new.

[3.3 seconds duration]                              # identical to the standard format
[20.0 characters per second]                        # replaces the duration tag
[3.3 seconds duration; 20.0 characters per second]  # both

Inference

⚠️ Never merge this adapter into the base weights. Its target modules include audio_lm_heads.0 … audio_lm_heads.11, and those tensors share storage with audio_embeddings.N.weight (they are weight-tied). Merging writes the head delta into the embedding table and destroys generation irrecoverably. Load with PEFT and leave it unmerged.

import torch
from transformers import AutoConfig, AutoModel, AutoProcessor
from peft import PeftModel

BASE = "laion/moss-tts-local-transformer-4.55b-voice-acting-v2-sft3"
dev = "cuda:0"

proc = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(BASE, trust_remote_code=True)
proc.audio_tokenizer = proc.audio_tokenizer.to(dev).eval()
cfg = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(BASE, trust_remote_code=True)
base = AutoModel.from_pretrained(BASE, trust_remote_code=True,
                                 dtype=torch.bfloat16,
                                 attn_implementation="sdpa").to(dev).eval()

model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(base, "laion/moss-va-sft3-rate-lora",
                                  adapter_name="rate").to(dev).eval()
# do NOT call model.merge_and_unload()

batch = proc([[{"role": "user", "content": prompt, "audio_codes_list": []}]],
             mode="generation")
ids = batch["input_ids"].to(dev)
msk = batch["attention_mask"].to(dev).to(torch.bool)
out = model.generate(input_ids=ids, attention_mask=msk,
                     max_new_tokens=340, do_sample=True,
                     temperature=1.0, top_p=0.95, top_k=50)

Decode the returned audio codes with the processor's audio tokenizer as for the base model.

Setting the adapter strength

for module in model.modules():
    scaling = getattr(module, "scaling", None)
    if isinstance(scaling, dict) and "rate" in scaling:
        module.scaling["rate"] = 2.0 * w   # base scaling is alpha/r = 32/16 = 2.0

All measurements above used w = 1.0.

Checkpoints

checkpoints/step3788 is the final state and the copy at the repository root. Earlier checkpoints (947, 1894, 2841) exist but were not evaluated, and nothing is published here without numbers.

Related

• Base model: laion/moss-tts-local-transformer-4.55b-voice-acting-v2-sft3
• Quality DPO on top of this: laion/moss-va-sft3-quality-dpo-lora
• Quality + speed DPO on top of this: laion/moss-va-sft3-quality-speed-dpo-lora
• The project's general-purpose DPO adapter: laion/moss-va-sft3-dpo-lora-p2

What a second attempt should do

Train on audio where the rate varies independently of the natural duration: the same text, a generous fixed length budget, differently time-stretched audio, and the tag naming the stretched rate. Only then does the tag predict something the rest of the prompt does not.