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The dataset generation failed because of a cast error
Error code: DatasetGenerationCastError
Exception: DatasetGenerationCastError
Message: An error occurred while generating the dataset
All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 4 new columns ({'rate_multiplier', 'currency', 'label', 'exchange_rate_to_usd'}) and 5 missing columns ({'hourly_median_usd', 'platform', 'tier', 'hourly_high_usd', 'hourly_low_usd'}).
This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using
hf://datasets/zimzum1984/software-developer-hourly-rates-2026/regional_rate_multipliers_2026.csv (at revision a07cb7ded3e23429de73cbca161869241abc9a4f), ['hf://datasets/zimzum1984/software-developer-hourly-rates-2026@a07cb7ded3e23429de73cbca161869241abc9a4f/developer_hourly_rates_2026.csv', 'hf://datasets/zimzum1984/software-developer-hourly-rates-2026@a07cb7ded3e23429de73cbca161869241abc9a4f/regional_rate_multipliers_2026.csv']
Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1837, in _prepare_split_single
writer.write_table(table)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 765, in write_table
self._write_table(pa_table, writer_batch_size=writer_batch_size)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 773, in _write_table
pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self._schema)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2369, in table_cast
return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2297, in cast_table_to_schema
raise CastError(
...<3 lines>...
)
datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
region: string
label: string
rate_multiplier: double
currency: string
exchange_rate_to_usd: double
-- schema metadata --
pandas: '{"index_columns": [{"kind": "range", "name": null, "start": 0, "' + 887
to
{'platform': Value('string'), 'region': Value('string'), 'tier': Value('string'), 'hourly_low_usd': Value('int64'), 'hourly_median_usd': Value('int64'), 'hourly_high_usd': Value('int64')}
because column names don't match
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1369, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
)
^
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 948, in stream_convert_to_parquet
builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1683, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
):
^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1839, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationCastError.from_cast_error(
...<4 lines>...
)
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationCastError: An error occurred while generating the dataset
All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 4 new columns ({'rate_multiplier', 'currency', 'label', 'exchange_rate_to_usd'}) and 5 missing columns ({'hourly_median_usd', 'platform', 'tier', 'hourly_high_usd', 'hourly_low_usd'}).
This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using
hf://datasets/zimzum1984/software-developer-hourly-rates-2026/regional_rate_multipliers_2026.csv (at revision a07cb7ded3e23429de73cbca161869241abc9a4f), ['hf://datasets/zimzum1984/software-developer-hourly-rates-2026@a07cb7ded3e23429de73cbca161869241abc9a4f/developer_hourly_rates_2026.csv', 'hf://datasets/zimzum1984/software-developer-hourly-rates-2026@a07cb7ded3e23429de73cbca161869241abc9a4f/regional_rate_multipliers_2026.csv']
Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
platform string | region string | tier string | hourly_low_usd int64 | hourly_median_usd int64 | hourly_high_usd int64 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wordpress | eastern_europe | freelancer | 22 | 42 | 72 |
wordpress | eastern_europe | agency | 50 | 82 | 130 |
wordpress | western_europe | freelancer | 50 | 82 | 130 |
wordpress | western_europe | agency | 95 | 140 | 215 |
wordpress | uk | freelancer | 58 | 90 | 145 |
wordpress | uk | agency | 105 | 165 | 245 |
wordpress | us | freelancer | 65 | 105 | 175 |
wordpress | us | agency | 120 | 185 | 290 |
wordpress | australia | freelancer | 58 | 90 | 145 |
wordpress | australia | agency | 105 | 165 | 260 |
shopify | eastern_europe | freelancer | 26 | 45 | 80 |
shopify | eastern_europe | agency | 58 | 90 | 138 |
shopify | western_europe | freelancer | 50 | 82 | 138 |
shopify | western_europe | agency | 95 | 150 | 232 |
shopify | uk | freelancer | 58 | 98 | 160 |
shopify | uk | agency | 110 | 172 | 260 |
shopify | us | freelancer | 65 | 105 | 190 |
shopify | us | agency | 124 | 195 | 319 |
shopify | australia | freelancer | 58 | 98 | 160 |
shopify | australia | agency | 110 | 172 | 276 |
shopify_plus | eastern_europe | freelancer | 36 | 60 | 102 |
shopify_plus | eastern_europe | agency | 72 | 112 | 174 |
shopify_plus | western_europe | freelancer | 72 | 112 | 174 |
shopify_plus | western_europe | agency | 124 | 195 | 290 |
shopify_plus | uk | freelancer | 80 | 128 | 203 |
shopify_plus | uk | agency | 138 | 217 | 319 |
shopify_plus | us | freelancer | 95 | 142 | 232 |
shopify_plus | us | agency | 160 | 247 | 406 |
shopify_plus | australia | freelancer | 80 | 128 | 203 |
shopify_plus | australia | agency | 138 | 217 | 348 |
woocommerce | eastern_europe | freelancer | 22 | 42 | 72 |
woocommerce | eastern_europe | agency | 50 | 82 | 130 |
woocommerce | western_europe | freelancer | 50 | 82 | 130 |
woocommerce | western_europe | agency | 95 | 140 | 215 |
woocommerce | uk | freelancer | 58 | 90 | 145 |
woocommerce | uk | agency | 105 | 165 | 245 |
woocommerce | us | freelancer | 65 | 105 | 175 |
woocommerce | us | agency | 120 | 185 | 290 |
woocommerce | australia | freelancer | 58 | 90 | 145 |
woocommerce | australia | agency | 105 | 165 | 260 |
magento2 | eastern_europe | freelancer | 29 | 52 | 95 |
magento2 | eastern_europe | agency | 65 | 105 | 175 |
magento2 | western_europe | freelancer | 65 | 105 | 175 |
magento2 | western_europe | agency | 116 | 185 | 290 |
magento2 | uk | freelancer | 72 | 120 | 196 |
magento2 | uk | agency | 130 | 210 | 319 |
magento2 | us | freelancer | 88 | 135 | 218 |
magento2 | us | agency | 145 | 240 | 406 |
magento2 | australia | freelancer | 72 | 120 | 196 |
magento2 | australia | agency | 130 | 210 | 334 |
magento1 | eastern_europe | freelancer | 29 | 52 | 88 |
magento1 | eastern_europe | agency | 65 | 98 | 160 |
magento1 | western_europe | freelancer | 65 | 98 | 160 |
magento1 | western_europe | agency | 110 | 172 | 268 |
magento1 | uk | freelancer | 72 | 112 | 182 |
magento1 | uk | agency | 124 | 195 | 290 |
magento1 | us | freelancer | 80 | 128 | 203 |
magento1 | us | agency | 138 | 225 | 363 |
magento1 | australia | freelancer | 72 | 112 | 182 |
magento1 | australia | agency | 124 | 195 | 312 |
prestashop | eastern_europe | freelancer | 18 | 32 | 58 |
prestashop | eastern_europe | agency | 44 | 68 | 110 |
prestashop | western_europe | freelancer | 44 | 72 | 116 |
prestashop | western_europe | agency | 80 | 128 | 196 |
prestashop | uk | freelancer | 50 | 82 | 130 |
prestashop | uk | agency | 88 | 142 | 218 |
prestashop | us | freelancer | 58 | 90 | 145 |
prestashop | us | agency | 102 | 158 | 247 |
prestashop | australia | freelancer | 50 | 82 | 130 |
prestashop | australia | agency | 88 | 142 | 225 |
bigcommerce | eastern_europe | freelancer | 26 | 45 | 72 |
bigcommerce | eastern_europe | agency | 55 | 82 | 130 |
bigcommerce | western_europe | freelancer | 50 | 82 | 130 |
bigcommerce | western_europe | agency | 95 | 142 | 218 |
bigcommerce | uk | freelancer | 58 | 90 | 145 |
bigcommerce | uk | agency | 110 | 165 | 247 |
bigcommerce | us | freelancer | 65 | 105 | 168 |
bigcommerce | us | agency | 116 | 185 | 283 |
bigcommerce | australia | freelancer | 58 | 90 | 145 |
bigcommerce | australia | agency | 110 | 165 | 260 |
wix | eastern_europe | freelancer | 15 | 26 | 44 |
wix | eastern_europe | agency | 32 | 52 | 80 |
wix | western_europe | freelancer | 32 | 52 | 88 |
wix | western_europe | agency | 58 | 98 | 145 |
wix | uk | freelancer | 36 | 60 | 95 |
wix | uk | agency | 65 | 105 | 168 |
wix | us | freelancer | 44 | 68 | 110 |
wix | us | agency | 72 | 120 | 190 |
wix | australia | freelancer | 36 | 60 | 95 |
wix | australia | agency | 65 | 105 | 175 |
squarespace | eastern_europe | freelancer | 15 | 26 | 44 |
squarespace | eastern_europe | agency | 32 | 52 | 80 |
squarespace | western_europe | freelancer | 32 | 52 | 88 |
squarespace | western_europe | agency | 58 | 98 | 145 |
squarespace | uk | freelancer | 36 | 60 | 95 |
squarespace | uk | agency | 65 | 105 | 168 |
squarespace | us | freelancer | 44 | 68 | 110 |
squarespace | us | agency | 72 | 120 | 190 |
squarespace | australia | freelancer | 36 | 60 | 95 |
squarespace | australia | agency | 65 | 105 | 175 |
End of preview.
Software Developer Hourly Rate Benchmarks 2026 (by Platform, Region & Tier)
Open benchmark of software/web developer hourly rates in 2026, segmented by technology platform, geographic region, and delivery tier (independent freelancer vs. team-based agency). Two files:
developer_hourly_rates_2026.csv— 120 rows:platform, region, tier, hourly_low_usd, hourly_median_usd, hourly_high_usd. Platforms include WordPress, Shopify, Magento, WooCommerce, custom (React/Next/Node), and more. Regions: Eastern Europe, Western Europe, UK, US, Australia. Tiers: freelancer, agency.regional_rate_multipliers_2026.csv— regional rate multipliers vs. the US base + currency and USD exchange rate.
Source & method (honest)
Compiled from public 2026 rate data — Clutch, Arc.dev, Upwork medians, Talmatic Global Snapshot, TechReviewer — and calibrated against agency/freelancer benchmarks. Rates reflect mid-level developers. "Freelancer" = solo/independent; "Agency" = team-based delivery with PM overhead. These are benchmark ranges compiled from public sources, not a log of individual project invoices. Base reference is the US market; other regions expressed via the multiplier table.
Use cases
Budgeting a software/web project · pricing a freelance or agency quote · sanity-checking a vendor bid · academic/market research on developer rate dispersion across regions.
License
CC BY 4.0 — free to use with attribution.
Attribution & maintenance
Compiled and maintained by Project Cost Estimator — https://projectcostestimator.com
Methodology: https://projectcostestimator.com/methodology · Free calculator built on this data: https://projectcostestimator.com/calculator
Citation
Project Cost Estimator (2026). Software Developer Hourly Rate Benchmarks 2026 by Platform, Region and Tier. https://projectcostestimator.com
Updated for 2026. Figures are directional benchmarks (±18% typical spread), not quotes.
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