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Datasets:
wheelofheaven
/
sumerian-king-list-woh

Tasks:
Translation
Languages:
English
Sumerian
Tags:
translation
parallel-corpus
religious-text
sumerian
biblical-studies
digital-humanities
License:
Dataset card Files
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The dataset viewer is not available for this split.
Cannot load the dataset split (in streaming mode) to extract the first rows.
Error code:   StreamingRowsError
Exception:    CastError
Message:      Couldn't cast
ref: string
chapter: int64
verse: string
original: string
original_lang: string
transliteration: string
english: string
reference_english: string
reference_version: string
reference_license: string
commentary: string
glossary_refs: list<item: string>
  child 0, item: string
witness_primary: string
witness_secondary: string
schemaVersion: int64
version: string
description: string
sourceLanguages: list<item: string>
  child 0, item: string
entries: list<item: struct<id: string, source: string, translit: string, strongs: string, lemma: string, part (... 149 chars omitted)
  child 0, item: struct<id: string, source: string, translit: string, strongs: string, lemma: string, partOfSpeech: s (... 137 chars omitted)
      child 0, id: string
      child 1, source: string
      child 2, translit: string
      child 3, strongs: string
      child 4, lemma: string
      child 5, partOfSpeech: string
      child 6, literal: string
      child 7, standardEnglish: string
      child 8, wohChoice: string
      child 9, claim_type: string
      child 10, rationale: string
      child 11, appliesTo: list<item: string>
          child 0, item: string
scope: string
to
{'schemaVersion': Value('int64'), 'version': Value('string'), 'scope': Value('string'), 'description': Value('string'), 'sourceLanguages': List(Value('string')), 'entries': List({'id': Value('string'), 'source': Value('string'), 'translit': Value('string'), 'strongs': Value('string'), 'lemma': Value('string'), 'partOfSpeech': Value('string'), 'literal': Value('string'), 'standardEnglish': Value('string'), 'wohChoice': Value('string'), 'claim_type': Value('string'), 'rationale': Value('string'), 'appliesTo': List(Value('string'))})}
because column names don't match
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 147, in get_rows_or_raise
                  return get_rows(
                      dataset=dataset,
                  ...<4 lines>...
                      column_names=column_names,
                  )
                File "/src/libs/libcommon/src/libcommon/utils.py", line 272, in decorator
                  return func(*args, **kwargs)
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 127, in get_rows
                  rows_plus_one = list(itertools.islice(safe_iter(ds, dataset=dataset), rows_max_number + 1))
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 483, in safe_iter
                  yield from ds.decode(False) if ds.features else ds
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2840, in __iter__
                  for key, example in ex_iterable:
                                      ^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2373, in __iter__
                  for key, pa_table in self._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2398, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.ex_iterable._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 536, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in iterator:
                                       ^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 419, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.generate_tables_fn(**gen_kwags):
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 343, in _generate_tables
                  self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 132, in _cast_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2378, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2306, in cast_table_to_schema
                  raise CastError(
                  ...<3 lines>...
                  )
              datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
              ref: string
              chapter: int64
              verse: string
              original: string
              original_lang: string
              transliteration: string
              english: string
              reference_english: string
              reference_version: string
              reference_license: string
              commentary: string
              glossary_refs: list<item: string>
                child 0, item: string
              witness_primary: string
              witness_secondary: string
              schemaVersion: int64
              version: string
              description: string
              sourceLanguages: list<item: string>
                child 0, item: string
              entries: list<item: struct<id: string, source: string, translit: string, strongs: string, lemma: string, part (... 149 chars omitted)
                child 0, item: struct<id: string, source: string, translit: string, strongs: string, lemma: string, partOfSpeech: s (... 137 chars omitted)
                    child 0, id: string
                    child 1, source: string
                    child 2, translit: string
                    child 3, strongs: string
                    child 4, lemma: string
                    child 5, partOfSpeech: string
                    child 6, literal: string
                    child 7, standardEnglish: string
                    child 8, wohChoice: string
                    child 9, claim_type: string
                    child 10, rationale: string
                    child 11, appliesTo: list<item: string>
                        child 0, item: string
              scope: string
              to
              {'schemaVersion': Value('int64'), 'version': Value('string'), 'scope': Value('string'), 'description': Value('string'), 'sourceLanguages': List(Value('string')), 'entries': List({'id': Value('string'), 'source': Value('string'), 'translit': Value('string'), 'strongs': Value('string'), 'lemma': Value('string'), 'partOfSpeech': Value('string'), 'literal': Value('string'), 'standardEnglish': Value('string'), 'wohChoice': Value('string'), 'claim_type': Value('string'), 'rationale': Value('string'), 'appliesTo': List(Value('string'))})}
              because column names don't match

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The Sumerian King List — Wheel of Heaven Translation

A verse-aligned parallel corpus of The Sumerian King List — the Sumerian source text alongside the Wheel of Heaven English translation, with transliteration, manuscript-witness attribution, per-verse translator commentary, an aligned public-domain reference translation, and a translation glossary. Wheel of Heaven Translation of the Sumerian King List (ETCSL 2.1.1), produced from the ETCSL composite transliteration. Opens with 'After the kingship descended from heaven' — the antediluvian section gives five cities and eight kings with reigns of tens of thousands of years (Alulim of Eridug: 28,800 years), the WoH-direct pair to Genesis 5 and Berossus; then 'the flood swept over' and kingship descends from heaven a second time, running through the post-diluvian dynasties of Kic, Unug, Urim, Akcak, Agade and on to Isin. 435 composite lines, including manuscript-insertion lines (73A, 249A etc.), the unnumbered variant lines A-D, and the concluding dynastic summary (lines 378-431).

Files

  • sumerian-king-list-woh.jsonl — 435 rows, one per verse.
  • glossary.json — the 12-entry translation glossary (the lexical decisions that make this a Wheel of Heaven translation rather than a generic one).

Columns

ref, chapter, verse, original (source script), original_lang, transliteration, english (WoH translation), reference_english (aligned public-domain translation; empty where none is available), reference_version, reference_license, commentary (translator's note; populated only for verses the editor annotated), glossary_refs, witness_primary, witness_secondary.

Reference translation

No aligned public-domain English reference translation is bundled for this text. The reference_english column is present but empty, so the schema is identical across the whole collection; a public-domain reference may be added in a later revision.

Method & provenance

Produced under the Wheel of Heaven Translation Program (translator → editor → reviewer → human sign-off).

  • Review status: editor + reviewer reviewed per chapter (sign-off packages on file).

Source: Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Robson, E., and Zolyomi, G., The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/), Oxford 1998-2006. Source text c.2.1.1 used as transliteration base; English translation and all WoH content original to this project.

License & citation

The Wheel of Heaven layer — source pointing, English translation, per-verse commentary, and glossary — is dedicated to the public domain under CC0-1.0. Documentation and the reading edition: https://www.wheelofheaven.world/library/sumerian-king-list-woh/.

Wheel of Heaven Translation Program. The Sumerian King List (Wheel of Heaven Translation). Wheel of Heaven, 2026. CC0-1.0. https://www.wheelofheaven.world/library/sumerian-king-list-woh/
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