question stringlengths 1 7.28k | choices sequencelengths 4 4 ⌀ | rationale stringlengths 1 12.4k ⌀ | answer stringclasses 4
values | dataset stringclasses 16
values | id stringlengths 5 44 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A circuit must be what in order for electric devices such as light bulbs to work? | [
"down.",
"cyclical.",
"closed.",
"open."
] | A circuit must be closed for electric devices such as light bulbs to work. The arrows in the diagram show the direction in which electrons flow through the circuit. The current is considered to flow in the opposite direction. | C | SciQ | SciQ-0 |
Deficiency of what is symptomized by nausea, fatigue and dizziness, and can be triggered by excessive sweating? | [
"salts.",
"calories.",
"electrolytes.",
"impurities."
] | An alkaline battery is a variation on the zinc-carbon dry cell. The alkaline battery has no carbon rod and uses a paste of zinc metal and potassium hydroxide instead of a solid metal anode. The cathode half-reaction is the same, but the anode half-reaction is different. | C | SciQ | SciQ-1 |
What organs filter wastes from blood so they can be excreted from the body? | [
"pancreas.",
"lungs.",
"kidneys.",
"liver."
] | Vertebrates have an excretory system that includes a pair of kidneys. Kidneys are organs that filter wastes from blood so they can be excreted from the body. | C | SciQ | SciQ-2 |
What field of study is called the language of science? | [
"linguistics.",
"physics.",
"mathematics.",
"logic."
] | The field of science has gotten so big that it is common to separate it into more specific fields. First, there is mathematics, the language of science. All scientific fields use mathematics to express themselves—some more than others. Physics and astronomy are scientific fields concerned with the fundamental interacti... | C | SciQ | SciQ-3 |
Bacteria reproduce through what process, where the chromosome copies itself, forming two genetically identical copies? | [
"residual fission.",
"nuclear fission.",
"binary fission.",
"multiple fission."
] | Bacteria reproduce through a process called binary fission . During binary fission, the chromosome copies itself, forming two genetically identical copies. Then, the cell enlarges and divides into two new daughter cells. The two daughter cells are identical to the parent cell. Binary fission can happen very rapidly. So... | C | SciQ | SciQ-4 |
What is the term for a state of matter that yields to sideways or shearing forces? | [
"plasma.",
"solid.",
"fluid.",
"gravity."
] | Section Summary 11.1 What Is a Fluid? • A fluid is a state of matter that yields to sideways or shearing forces. Liquids and gases are both fluids. Fluid statics is the physics of stationary fluids. | C | SciQ | SciQ-5 |
What part of the muscle fibers cause shortening and contraction? | [
"collagen.",
"fasciae.",
"myofibrils.",
"pores."
] | The sliding-and-shortening process occurs all along many myofibrils and in many muscle fibers. It causes the muscle fibers to shorten and the muscle to contract. | C | SciQ | SciQ-6 |
What is the term for the movement of substances due to random thermal molecular motion? | [
"convection.",
"Transfusion.",
"condensation.",
"diffusion."
] | 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes Diffusion There is something fishy about the ice cube from your freezer—how did it pick up those food odors? How does soaking a sprained ankle in Epsom salt reduce swelling? The answer to these questions are related to atomic and molecular tr... | D | SciQ | SciQ-7 |
Why does photosynthesis not occur in the deep-water zone? | [
"it is dark.",
"it is pressurized.",
"it is stagnant.",
"it is cold."
] | The deep-water zone is dark so there is no photosynthesis. Most deep-water organisms are scavengers. They feed on dead organisms that fall to the bottom of the lake. Crabs and catfish are two of these types of organisms. Fungi and bacteria are decomposers that live in the deep zone. | A | SciQ | SciQ-8 |
Once a plant cell becomes specialized, what can they no longer do? | [
"cellular respiration.",
"photosynthesis.",
"osmosis.",
"divide."
] | As plant cells grow, they also become specialized into different cell types. Once cells become specialized, they can no longer divide. So how do plants grow after that? The key to continued growth is meristem. Meristem is a type of plant tissue consisting of undifferentiated cells that can continue to divide. | D | SciQ | SciQ-9 |
The most common two-lens telescope, like the simple microscope, uses lenses of what shape? | [
"concave.",
"angular.",
"convex.",
"cylindrical."
] | The most common two-lens telescope, like the simple microscope, uses two convex lenses and is shown in Figure 26.23(b). The object is so far away from the telescope that it is essentially at infinity compared with the focal lengths of the lenses ( d o ≈ ∞ ). The first image is thus produced at. | C | SciQ | SciQ-10 |
What is the term for a theoretical framework for describing evolutionary change in populations through the change in allele frequencies? | [
"total genetics.",
"density genetics.",
"percent genetics.",
"population genetics."
] | CHAPTER SUMMARY 11.1 Discovering How Populations Change Evolution by natural selection arises from three conditions: individuals within a species vary, some of those variations are heritable, and organisms have more offspring than resources can support. The consequence is that individuals with relatively advantageous v... | D | SciQ | SciQ-11 |
All lipids have two distinct domains, a hydrophobic and a what? | [
"hydrophilic.",
"hydroaversive.",
"hydroceptive.",
"covalent."
] | Membrane boundaries and capturing energy In which we consider how the aqueous nature of biological systems drives the formation of lipidbased barrier membranes and how such membranes are used to capture and store energy from the environment and chemical reactions. We consider how coupled reactions are used to drive mac... | A | SciQ | SciQ-12 |
What is the science of how traits are passed from parents to offspring? | [
"heredity.",
"alleles.",
"cross matching.",
"genetics."
] | science of heredity, or how traits are passed from parents to offspring. | A | SciQ | SciQ-13 |
In humans, what period lasts from the ninth week of development until birth? | [
"development period.",
"third trimester.",
"plasma period.",
"fetal period."
] | 28.3 Fetal Development The fetal period lasts from the ninth week of development until birth. During this period, male and female gonads differentiate. The fetal circulatory system becomes much more specialized and efficient than its embryonic counterpart. It includes three shunts—the ductus venosus, the foramen ovale,... | D | SciQ | SciQ-14 |
The cell expels waste and other particles through a process called what? | [
"metamorphisis.",
"exocytosis.",
"biosynthesis.",
"endocytosis."
] | 3.6 Active Transport The combined gradient that affects an ion includes its concentration gradient and its electrical gradient. Living cells need certain substances in concentrations greater than they exist in the extracellular space. Moving substances up their electrochemical gradients requires energy from the cell. A... | B | SciQ | SciQ-15 |
What is used by sensitive systems to detect even low levels of radiation? | [
"ions.",
"radars.",
"crystals.",
"electrons."
] | Measurement of exposure to radioactivity is important for anyone who deals with radioactive materials on a regular basis. Perhaps the simplest device is a personal dosimeter – a film badge that will fog up when exposed to radiation. The amount of fogging is proportional to the amount of radiation present. These devices... | C | SciQ | SciQ-16 |
Plants alternate between haploid and what? | [
"diploid.",
"monoplooid.",
"monoxoid.",
"triploid."
] | Plants alternate between haploid and diploid generations. Haploid cells have one of each pair of chromosomes. Diploid cells have two of each pair. | A | SciQ | SciQ-17 |
What does a cell need to transform into a cancerous cell? | [
"mutations.",
"microbes.",
"parasites.",
"adaptations."
] | Typically, a series of several mutations that constitutively activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressor genes is required to transform a normal cell into a cancer cell ( Figure below ). Cells have developed a number of control mechanisms to overcome mutations in proto-oncogenes. Therefore, a cell needs multiple... | A | SciQ | SciQ-18 |
Zinc is what kind of metal.? | [
"active move metal.",
"passive stagnant metal.",
"active transition metal.",
"active flow metal."
] | Figure 18.7 Zinc is an active transition metal. It dissolves in hydrochloric acid, forming a solution of colorless Zn 2+ ions, Cl– ions, and hydrogen gas. | C | SciQ | SciQ-19 |
What process produces four haploid daughter cells, each genetically unique? | [
"electrolysis.",
"mitosis.",
"meiosis.",
"budding."
] | Mitosis vs. Meiosis Comparison. Mitosis produces two diploid daughter cells, genetically identical to the parent cell. Meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells, each genetically unique. See How Cells Divide: Mitosis vs. Meiosis at http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/nova/miracle/divide. html for an animation comparing the tw... | C | SciQ | SciQ-20 |
Most liquid freshwater is under the ground in layers of what? | [
"forest.",
"sand.",
"rock.",
"soil."
] | Only a tiny fraction of Earth’s freshwater is in the liquid state. Most liquid freshwater is under the ground in layers of rock. Of freshwater on the surface, the majority occurs in lakes and soil. What percentage of freshwater on the surface is found in living things?. | C | SciQ | SciQ-21 |
Which type of tides are created when the sun and moon's tides match? | [
"spring tides.",
"Neap tides.",
"weak tides.",
"low tides."
] | When the Sun's and Moon's tides match, there are spring tides. When the two tides are opposed, there are neap tides. | A | SciQ | SciQ-22 |
What is formed when water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets? | [
"smoke.",
"hail.",
"fog.",
"rain."
] | Rock bands often use special stage effects, like the fake fog in this picture. Real fog forms when water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets of water. The fake fog shown here formed when solid carbon dioxide changed directly to carbon dioxide gas. | C | SciQ | SciQ-23 |
We divide up the earth's seas into five what, which are really all interconnected? | [
"ecosystems.",
"oceans.",
"continents.",
"lakes."
] | People divide up the seas into five oceans. But they are really all interconnected. Even so, they are all very different. This ocean is near a shore and is obviously in a cold region. It appears to be a good habitat for whales! No matter what, the oceans have a huge influence on the planet, locally and as a whole. | B | SciQ | SciQ-24 |
At high pressures, how are the molecules of a gas crowded? | [
"small together.",
"further apart.",
"closer together.",
"few together."
] | Particles of a hypothetical ideal gas have no significant volume and do not attract or repel each other. In general, real gases approximate this behavior at relatively low pressures and high temperatures. However, at high pressures, the molecules of a gas are crowded closer together, and the amount of empty space betwe... | C | SciQ | SciQ-25 |
What forms the small holes found in bread? | [
"carbon monoxide gas.",
"yeast.",
"oxygen.",
"carbon dioxide gas."
] | The small holes in bread are formed by bubbles of carbon dioxide gas. The gas was produced by alcoholic fermentation carried out by yeast. | D | SciQ | SciQ-26 |
An alloy is a mixture of what with one or more other substances? | [
"protein.",
"acid.",
"water.",
"metal."
] | Like salt water in the ocean, many solutions are normally in the liquid state. However, matter in any state can form a solution. An alloy, which is a mixture of a metal with one or more other substances, is a solid solution at room temperature. For example, the alloy bronze is a solution of copper and tin. Matter in th... | D | SciQ | SciQ-27 |
What organs need constant pressure to filter the blood? | [
"kidneys.",
"arteries.",
"lungs.",
"dialysis."
] | The kidneys also need constant pressure to filter the blood. When the blood pressure drops too low, the kidneys increase the pressure. One way is by producing angiotensin, a blood vessel-constricting protein. This protein also signals the body to retain sodium and water. Together, the constriction of blood vessels and ... | A | SciQ | SciQ-28 |
The word antibiotic comes from the greek anti, meaning “against,” and bios, meaning this? | [
"life.",
"virus.",
"bacteria.",
"germ."
] | The Antibiotic Crisis The word antibiotic comes from the Greek anti, meaning “against,” and bios, meaning “life. ” An antibiotic is an organismproduced chemical that is hostile to the growth of other organisms. Today’s news and media often address concerns about an antibiotic crisis. Are antibiotics that were used to t... | A | SciQ | SciQ-29 |
The dual character is critical for the formation of the what? | [
"carbon bilayer.",
"lipid bilayer.",
"muscle bilayer.",
"tissues bilayer."
] | The dual character is critical for the formation of the lipid bilayer. The hydrophilic portions of the molecule are in contact with the aqueous environment of the cell, while the hydrophobic portion of the lipids is in the interior of the bilayer and provides a barrier to the passive diffusion of most molecules. | B | SciQ | SciQ-30 |
Segmented worms have a digestive,nervous and what type of system? | [
"pulmonary.",
"vascular.",
"lymphatic.",
"circulatory."
] | Segmented worms have a digestive system, nervous system, and circulatory system. | D | SciQ | SciQ-31 |
On top of the otolithic membrane is a layer of calcium carbonate crystals, called what? | [
"cones.",
"otoliths.",
"gonads.",
"calcites."
] | Equilibrium (Balance) Along with audition, the inner ear is responsible for encoding information about equilibrium, the sense of balance. A similar mechanoreceptor—a hair cell with stereocilia—senses head position, head movement, and whether our bodies are in motion. These cells are located within the vestibule of the ... | B | SciQ | SciQ-32 |
How does alcohol expand over a wide range of temperatures? | [
"variably.",
"uniformly.",
"exponentially.",
"erratically."
] | The red liquid in this thermometer is alcohol. Alcohol expands uniformly over a wide range of temperatures. This makes it ideal for use in thermometers. | B | SciQ | SciQ-33 |
Addiction affects what type of chemical receptors within the brain? | [
"bind receptors.",
"serotonin receptors.",
"dopamine receptors.",
"mitochondria receptors."
] | Figure above shows the accumulation of radioactive compounds that bind to dopamine receptors. The non-addicted individuals have large numbers of receptors for dopamine. The addicted persons show less binding to these receptors, indicating that fewer receptors are present. | C | SciQ | SciQ-34 |
What gas is expired out of the body during exhalation? | [
"carbon dioxide.",
"oxygen.",
"hydrogen.",
"carbon monoxide."
] | Introduction Breathing is an involuntary event. How often a breath is taken and how much air is inhaled or exhaled are tightly regulated by the respiratory center in the brain. Humans, when they aren’t exerting themselves, breathe approximately 15 times per minute on average. Canines, like the dog in Figure 39.1, have ... | A | SciQ | SciQ-35 |
What members of an ecosystem food chain take in food by eating producers or other living things? | [
"decomposers.",
"consumers.",
"primary producers.",
"insectivores."
] | Consumers take in food by eating producers or other living things. | B | SciQ | SciQ-36 |
When you change a magnetic field through electromagnetic induction what do you create? | [
"Light Current.",
"electric current.",
"cooling current.",
"microwave current."
] | The process of generating electric current with a changing magnetic field is called electromagnetic induction . It occurs whenever a magnetic field and an electric conductor, such as a coil of wire, move relative to one another. As long as the conductor is part of a closed circuit, current will flow through it whenever... | B | SciQ | SciQ-37 |
What type of starch is used for long-term energy storage in animal cells? | [
"enzyme.",
"glycogen.",
"rigid.",
"fructose."
] | Starches are one of the more common polysaccharides. Starch is made up of a mixture of amylose (15–20%) and amylopectin (80–85%). Amylose consists of a linear chain of several hundred glucose molecules and amylopectin is a branched molecule made of several thousand glucose units. Starches can be digested by hydrolysis ... | B | SciQ | SciQ-38 |
Reducing waste, as well as reusing and recycling resources, can help save what? | [
"eletrical resources.",
"artificial resources.",
"coral resources.",
"natural resources."
] | Reducing waste, as well as reusing and recycling resources, can help save natural resources. | D | SciQ | SciQ-39 |
Temperature and pressure affect changes in phases or states of what? | [
"matter.",
"homeostasis.",
"decay.",
"energy."
] | Most substances have three distinct phases: gas, liquid, and solid. Phase changes among the various phases of matter depend on temperature and pressure. The existence of the three phases with respect to pressure and temperature can be described in a phase diagram. Two phases coexist (i. , they are in thermal equilibriu... | A | SciQ | SciQ-40 |
What bodily system is primarily responsible for fighting pathogens in the body? | [
"Muscular.",
"Cardiovascular.",
"digestion.",
"immune."
] | 21.5 | The Immune Response against Pathogens By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Explain the development of immunological competence • Describe the mucosal immune response • Discuss immune responses against bacterial, viral, fungal, and animal pathogens • Describe different ways pathogens evade immune re... | D | SciQ | SciQ-41 |
Interstitial carbides are produced by the reaction of most transition metals at high temperatures with what element? | [
"oxygen.",
"hydrogen.",
"carbon.",
"nitrogen."
] | temperatures with electropositive metals such as those of groups 1 and 2 and aluminum produces ionic carbides, which contain discrete metal cations and carbon anions. The identity of the anions depends on the size of the second element. For example, smaller elements such as beryllium and aluminum give methides such as ... | C | SciQ | SciQ-42 |
What type of bones serve as points of attachment for muscles and often protect internal organs? | [
"sesamoid bones.",
"irregular bones.",
"flat bones.",
"short bones."
] | Flat Bones The term “ flat bone” is somewhat of a misnomer because, although a flat bone is typically thin, it is also often curved. Examples include the cranial (skull) bones, the scapulae (shoulder blades), the sternum (breastbone), and the ribs. Flat bones serve as points of attachment for muscles and often protect ... | C | SciQ | SciQ-43 |
What type of climates are found around the equator? | [
"arctics.",
"arid.",
"tundras.",
"tropical."
] | Tropical climates are found around the Equator. As you'd expect, these climates have warm temperatures year round. The warm air rises at the Equator. As it rises, it cools, causing it to rain. Tropical climates may be very wet, or wet and dry. | D | SciQ | SciQ-44 |
Electromagnetic waves transfer energy across space as well as through what? | [
"matter.",
"filtering.",
"osmosis.",
"plasma."
] | Electromagnetic waves transfer energy across space as well as through matter. They vary in their wavelengths and frequencies, and higher-frequency waves have more energy. The full range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves, shown in the Figure below , is called the electromagnetic spectrum. | A | SciQ | SciQ-45 |
What of a electromagnetic wave can be calculated using the wave equation due to their speed always being constant? | [
"oscillation.",
"frequency.",
"resonance.",
"sound."
] | Green light has a higher frequency than microwaves. It is possible to calculate it, but since the speed of an electromagnetic wave is constant we know that waves with higher wavelengths must have a lower frequency based on the wave equation. | B | SciQ | SciQ-46 |
The cells of all eukarya have a what? | [
"chloroplast.",
"epidermis.",
"necrosis.",
"nucleus."
] | Some Eukarya are also single-celled, but many are multicellular. Some have a cell wall; others do not. However, the cells of all Eukarya have a nucleus and other organelles. | D | SciQ | SciQ-47 |
In eukaryotes, mrna may be modified before leaving what? | [
"ribosome.",
"nucleus.",
"mitochondria.",
"epidermis."
] | During transcription, a copy of mRNA is made that is complementary to a strand of DNA. In eukaryotes, mRNA may be modified before it leaves the nucleus. | B | SciQ | SciQ-48 |
A highway that switches back and forth as it climbs up a steep hillside, yeilding a much gentler slope, is an example of what simple machine? | [
"inclined plane.",
"pulley.",
"wheel.",
"lever."
] | The highway above switches back and forth as it climbs up the steep hillside. The much gentler slope of the road makes it easier for vehicles to reach the top of the mountain. The highway is an example of an inclined plane. | A | SciQ | SciQ-49 |
What is formed when sperm mixes with secretions from the various other glands of the reproductive system? | [
"testosterone.",
"urine.",
"semen.",
"hormone."
] | Sperm leave the epididymis through the vas deferens. As they travel through the vas deferens, they pass by the prostate and other glands. The sperm mix with secretions from these glands, forming semen. Semen travels through the urethra and leaves the body through the penis. A teaspoon of semen may contain as many as ha... | C | SciQ | SciQ-50 |
What term refers to something supplied by nature that helps support life? | [
"existing resource.",
"simple resource.",
"free resource.",
"natural resource."
] | A natural resource is something supplied by nature that helps support life. When you think of natural resources, you may think of fossil fuels, like the coal in the coal field pictured in Figure below . However, sunlight, wind, soil, and living things are also important natural resources. | D | SciQ | SciQ-51 |
What types of stimuli control endocrine activity? | [
"pressure and chemical.",
"chemical and neural.",
"light and pressure.",
"temperature and light."
] | Role of Endocrine Gland Stimuli Reflexes triggered by both chemical and neural stimuli control endocrine activity. These reflexes may be simple, involving only one hormone response, or they may be more complex and involve many hormones, as is the case with the hypothalamic control of various anterior pituitary–controll... | B | SciQ | SciQ-52 |
What are alloys that are mostly composed of mercury known as? | [
"fillings.",
"halogens.",
"compounds.",
"amalgams."
] | Alloys that are mostly composed of mercury are known as amalgams . Amalgams often have special properties that stem from the fact that mercury exists as a liquid at room temperature. As a result, metal amalgams are used for a variety of purposes, including dentistry and the extraction of other pure metals such as gold. | D | SciQ | SciQ-53 |
Differences in density between water and air lead to differences in what? | [
"resistance.",
"sound.",
"pressure.",
"energy."
] | Differences in density between water and air lead to differences in pressure. | C | SciQ | SciQ-54 |
What is produced during the hydrogenation of vegetable oils? | [
"rich fatty acids.",
"trans fatty acids.",
"complete fatty acids.",
"partially-hydrogenated fatty acids."
] | taste, and nutrition of butter. (Preservatives and antioxidants are also added. ) In most commercial peanut butter, the peanut oil has been partially hydrogenated to prevent it from separating out. Consumers could decrease the amount of saturated fat in their diet by using the original unprocessed oils on their foods, ... | B | SciQ | SciQ-55 |
What does a theory need to be supported by? | [
"scientists.",
"many observations.",
"peer reviewed journals.",
"facts."
] | In science, a theory has been repeatedly shown to be true. A theory is supported by many observations. However, a theory may be disproved if conflicting data is discovered. Many important theories have been shown to be true by many observations and experiments and are extremely unlikely to be disproved. These include t... | B | SciQ | SciQ-56 |
Producing sperm and secreting testosterone are the main functions of what system? | [
"pollination.",
"female reproductive system.",
"male reproductive system.",
"endocrine system."
] | The main functions of the male reproductive system are to produce sperm and secrete testosterone. | C | SciQ | SciQ-57 |
Metallic bonds allow metals to do what, in the manner of a willow tree? | [
"stand tall.",
"break easily.",
"bend without breaking.",
"grow."
] | The thick, rigid trunk of the oak tree on the left might crack and break in a strong wind. The slim, flexible trunk of the willow tree on the right might bend without breaking. In one way, metals are like willow trees. They can bend without breaking. That’s because metals form special bonds called metallic bonds. | C | SciQ | SciQ-58 |
What is the term for animals that eat producers to get energy? | [
"herbivores.",
"secondary consumers.",
"predators.",
"carnivores."
] | Herbivores are animals that eat producers to get energy. For example, rabbits and deer are herbivores that eat plants. The caterpillar pictured below ( Figure below ) is a herbivore. Animals that eat phytoplankton in aquatic environments are also herbivores. | A | SciQ | SciQ-59 |
What do neutral atoms have the same number of? | [
"electrons and protons.",
"gases and protons.",
"Measure and electrons.",
"toxins and protons."
] | Summary Each atom of an element contains the same number of protons, which is theatomic number (Z). Neutral atoms have the same number of electrons and protons. Atoms of an element that contain different numbers of neutrons are calledisotopes. Each isotope of a given element has the same atomic number but a different m... | A | SciQ | SciQ-60 |
What type of ionic compound is formed from acid and bases reacting with each other? | [
"salt.",
"isolated.",
"common.",
"dry."
] | Acids have some properties in common. They turn litmus, a plant extract, red. They react with some metals to give off H2 gas. They react with carbonate and hydrogen carbonate salts to give off CO2 gas. Acids that are ingested typically have a sour, sharp taste. (The name acid comes from the Latin word acidus, meaning “... | A | SciQ | SciQ-61 |
Which germ layers are essential for animal embryos to grow and develop into a body? | [
"histone and melatonin.",
"keratinocytes , ectoderm , mesoderm.",
"endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm.",
"cytoplasm and chloroplasm."
] | The three germ layers are the endoderm, the ectoderm, and the mesoderm. Cells in each germ layer differentiate into tissues and embryonic organs. The ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system and the epidermis, among other tissues. The mesoderm gives rise to the muscle cells and connective tissue in the body. The endod... | C | SciQ | SciQ-62 |
Birds adapted wings and weathers for flight during what process? | [
"emergence.",
"migration.",
"variation.",
"evolution."
] | Wings and feathers are two adaptations for flight that evolved in birds. Both are clearly displayed in the flying gull in Figure below . Wings evolved from the front limbs of a four-legged ancestor. The wings are controlled by large flight muscles in the chest. Feathers also help birds fly. They provide air resistance ... | D | SciQ | SciQ-63 |
What is the name for membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport? | [
"alleles.",
"vacuoles.",
"tubules.",
"cells."
] | Vesicles and Vacuoles Vesicles and vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport. Vacuoles are somewhat larger than vesicles, and the membrane of a vacuole does not fuse with the membranes of other cellular components. Vesicles can fuse with other membranes within the cell system. Additionally... | B | SciQ | SciQ-64 |
What shape is the gametophyte in ferns? | [
"diamond.",
"heart-shaped.",
"circular.",
"rectangular."
] | In ferns, the sporophyte is dominant and produces spores that germinate into a heart-shaped gametophyte. | B | SciQ | SciQ-65 |
How is oxygen transferred into the bloodstream? | [
"brain diffusion.",
"simple diffusion.",
"hard diffusion.",
"mean diffusion."
] | The oxygen enters the bloodstream from the alveoli , tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place ( Figure below ). The transfer of oxygen into the blood is through simple diffusion. | B | SciQ | SciQ-66 |
What disease can too little calcium cause? | [
"anemia.",
"osteoporosis.",
"arthritis.",
"psoriasis."
] | Not getting enough minerals can cause health problems. For example, too little calcium may cause osteoporosis. This is a disease in which bones become soft and break easily. Getting too much of some minerals can also cause health problems. Many people get too much sodium. Sodium is added to most packaged foods. People ... | B | SciQ | SciQ-67 |
Water is polar and has electrically charged ends, so it is attracted to the oppositely charged end of a phospholipid molecule, which is described by what term meaning "water-loving"? | [
"aqueous.",
"hydrophilic.",
"cytosolic.",
"hydrophobic."
] | One end of each phospholipid molecule is polar, so it has a partial electric charge. Water is also polar and has electrically charged ends, so it is attracted to the oppositely charged end of a phospholipid molecule. This end of the phospholipid molecule is described as hydrophilic, which means “water loving. ”. | B | SciQ | SciQ-68 |
From what do tubeworms found deep in the galapagos rift get their energy from? | [
"chemosynthetic bacteria.",
"chemosynthetic plants.",
"chemosynthetic fish.",
"chemosynthetic viruses."
] | Tubeworms deep in the Galapagos Rift get their energy from chemosynthetic bacteria. Tubeworms have no mouth, eyes or stomach. Their survival depends on a symbiotic relationship with the billions of bacteria that live inside them. These bacteria convert the chemicals that shoot out of the hydrothermal vents into food fo... | A | SciQ | SciQ-69 |
In what organ is food remains turned into solid waste for excretion? | [
"large tissue.",
"non-transverse intenstine.",
"large intestine.",
"large metabolism."
] | Recall that carbon dioxide travels through the blood and is transferred to the lungs where it is exhaled. In the large intestine, the remains of food are turned into solid waste for excretion. How is waste other than carbon dioxide removed from the blood? That is the role of the kidneys. | C | SciQ | SciQ-70 |
What type of maps detail detail the types and locations of rocks found in an area? | [
"geologic maps.",
"gnomic maps.",
"polar maps.",
"contour maps."
] | Geologic maps detail the types and locations of rocks found in an area. | A | SciQ | SciQ-71 |
What is a benefit of low sulfur coal over high sulfur coal? | [
"greater enerty.",
"lower cost.",
"less erosion.",
"less pollution."
] | Low sulfur coal produces less pollution when burned than high sulfur coal. Name one factor that affects the sulfur content in coal. | D | SciQ | SciQ-72 |
A chain of what structures form as an oceanic plate moves over a hotspot? | [
"ridges.",
"outcrops.",
"volcanoes.",
"earthquakes."
] | A chain of volcanoes form as an oceanic plate moves over a hotspot. This is how it happens. A volcano forms over the hotspot. Since the plate is moving, the volcano moves off of the hotspot. When the hotspot erupts again, a new volcano forms over it. This volcano is next to the first. Over time, there is a line of volc... | C | SciQ | SciQ-73 |
The unpaired ethmoid bone is located where within the central skull? | [
"at the fold.",
"at the top.",
"at the midline.",
"at the point."
] | Figure 7.12 Ethmoid Bone The unpaired ethmoid bone is located at the midline within the central skull. It has an upward projection, the crista galli, and a downward projection, the perpendicular plate, which forms the upper nasal septum. The cribriform plates form both the roof of the nasal cavity and a portion of the ... | C | SciQ | SciQ-74 |
What is the simplest unit that has the fundamental chemical properties of an element? | [
"nucleus.",
"atom.",
"neutron.",
"cell."
] | Covalent Molecules and Compounds Just as an atom is the simplest unit that has the fundamental chemical properties of an element, a molecule is the simplest unit that has the fundamental chemical properties of a covalent compound. Some pure elements exist as covalent molecules. Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halog... | B | SciQ | SciQ-75 |
The pion can only be created by violating the conservation of what? | [
"time-space.",
"mass-energy.",
"quantum physics.",
"momentum."
] | Specifically for the strong nuclear force, Yukawa proposed that a previously unknown particle, now called a pion, is exchanged between nucleons, transmitting the force between them. Figure 33.3 illustrates how a pion would carry a force between a proton and a neutron. The pion has mass and can only be created by violat... | B | SciQ | SciQ-76 |
What kind of harm does a corrosive substance cause? | [
"Builds a crust.",
"eats through objects.",
"Attracts dust.",
"Rust objects."
] | If a substance is corrosive, it can eat through objects. Many scientists have to work with chemicals that are corrosive or otherwise dangerous. That's one reason that following safety precautions in the laboratory or field is very important. | B | SciQ | SciQ-77 |
Colloids are used industrially as what? | [
"solutions.",
"impurities.",
"catalysts.",
"organisms."
] | Suspensions and colloids are two common types of mixtures whose properties are in many ways intermediate between those of true solutions and heterogeneous mixtures. Asuspension is a heterogeneous mixture of particles with diameters of about 1 µm (1000 nm) that are distributed throughout a second phase. Common suspensio... | C | SciQ | SciQ-78 |
Gain or loss of what causes an atom to become a negatively or positively charged ion? | [
"electrons.",
"neutrons.",
"nucleus.",
"protons."
] | The girl pictured above became negatively charged because electrons flowed from the van de Graaff generator to her. Whenever electrons are transferred between objects, neutral matter becomes charged. This occurs even with individual atoms. Atoms are neutral in electric charge because they have the same number of negati... | A | SciQ | SciQ-79 |
The chemical behavior of elements can largely be explained by what? | [
"chemical configuration.",
"electron configurations.",
"proton configuration.",
"neutron configuration."
] | The chemical behavior of elements can largely be explained by electron configurations. | B | SciQ | SciQ-80 |
What elements tend to conduct well? | [
"metals.",
"oils.",
"gases.",
"organics."
] | While many elements differ dramatically in their chemical and physical properties, some elements have similar properties. We can identify sets of elements that exhibit common behaviors. For example, many elements conduct heat and electricity well, whereas others are poor conductors. These properties can be used to sort... | A | SciQ | SciQ-81 |
How does the bacteria look when seen with the naked eye? | [
"slippery smear.",
"oily smear.",
"slimy smear.",
"dry smear."
] | With the naked eye, bacteria just look like a slimy smear on a petri dish. How can we study them in more detail? The invention of the microscope has allowed us to see bacteria, cells, and other things too small to be seen with the naked eye. | C | SciQ | SciQ-82 |
The geometry of the bf 3 molecule is called what? | [
"spherical planar.",
"trigonal planar.",
"distorted planar.",
"fractal planar."
] | The geometry of the BF 3 molecule is called trigonal planar . The fluorine atoms are positioned at the vertices of an equilateral triangle. The F-B-F angle is 120°, and all four atoms lie in the same plane. | B | SciQ | SciQ-83 |
The active site can only bind certain what? | [
"membranes.",
"proteins.",
"substrates.",
"electrons."
] | The active site is specific for the reactants of the biochemical reaction the enzyme catalyzes. Similar to puzzle pieces fitting together, the active site can only bind certain substrates. | C | SciQ | SciQ-84 |
What is the main type of cell in the nervous system called? | [
"sensory.",
"conduction.",
"neuron.",
"axon."
] | Nervous Tissues Nervous tissues are made of cells specialized to receive and transmit electrical impulses from specific areas of the body and to send them to specific locations in the body. The main cell of the nervous system is the neuron, illustrated in Figure. | C | SciQ | SciQ-85 |
Producers, primary consumers, higher-level consumers, and decomposers are levels in what? | [
"energy chain.",
"food model.",
"food flowchart.",
"food chain."
] | Food Chains and Food Webs A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another; the levels in the food chain are producers, primary consumers, higher-level consumers, and finally decomposers. These levels are used to describe ecosystem structure and dynamic... | D | SciQ | SciQ-86 |
Birds have a flow-through respiratory system in which air flows unidirectionally from the posterior sacs into the lungs, then into these? | [
"posterior bronchi.",
"alveoli.",
"gills.",
"anterior air sacs."
] | Figure 39.14 (a) Birds have a flow-through respiratory system in which air flows unidirectionally from the posterior sacs into the lungs, then into the anterior air sacs. The air sacs connect to openings in hollow bones. (b) Dinosaurs, from which birds descended, have similar hollow bones and are believed to have had a... | D | SciQ | SciQ-87 |
What's the name for the point reached at a ph of 7? | [
"constriction point.",
"equivalence point.",
"analogous point.",
"acidic point."
] | As base is added to acid at the beginning of a titration, the pH rises very slowly. Nearer to the equivalence point, the pH begins to rapidly increase. If the titration is a strong acid with a strong base, the pH at the equivalence point is equal to 7. A bit past the equivalence point, the rate of change of the pH agai... | B | SciQ | SciQ-88 |
In what organ does pepsin help break down proteins? | [
"liver.",
"stomach.",
"skin.",
"kidney."
] | Acids and bases are important in living things because most enzymes can do their job only at a certain level of acidity. Cells secrete acids and bases to maintain the proper pH for enzymes to work. For example, every time you digest food, acids and bases are at work in your digestive system. Consider the enzyme pepsin,... | B | SciQ | SciQ-89 |
Energy is the capacity to do work or to produce what? | [
"heat.",
"light.",
"vibration.",
"humidity."
] | Energy is the capacity to do work or to produce heat. | A | SciQ | SciQ-90 |
How do birds learn to avoid eating monarch butterflies? | [
"conditioning.",
"temperature.",
"digestion.",
"instinct."
] | Birds learn through conditioning to avoid eating monarch butterflies. | A | SciQ | SciQ-91 |
The cell theory and the theory of evolution by natural selection are basic to all fields in what branch of science? | [
"life science.",
"rock science.",
"zoology.",
"chemistry."
] | Each field of life science has its own specific body of knowledge and relevant theories. However, two theories are basic to all of the life sciences. They form the foundation of every life science field. They are the cell theory and the theory of evolution by natural selection. Both theories have been tested repeatedly... | A | SciQ | SciQ-92 |
What area beneath the earth's surface do magma collects? | [
"erosion chambers.",
"underneath chambers.",
"magma chambers.",
"hot chambers."
] | Magma collects in magma chambers beneath Earth’s surface. Magma chambers are located where the heat and pressure are great enough to melt rock. These locations are at divergent or convergent plate boundaries or at hotpots. | C | SciQ | SciQ-93 |
The colorless, odorless gas released when we breath is carbon dioxide. the harmful colorless, odorless gas released when matter is burned is what? | [
"carbon trioxide.",
"carbon monoxide.",
"methane.",
"acid monoxide."
] | Carbon Dioxide: Every time you exhale, you release carbon dioxide into the air. It's an odorless, colorless gas. Carbon dioxide contributes to global climate change, but it isn't directly harmful to human health. Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide is produced when matter burns. It's a colorless, odorless gas that is very... | B | SciQ | SciQ-94 |
What are the contacts between neurons called? | [
"impulses.",
"synapses.",
"electrodes.",
"neurapses."
] | 12.5 Communication Between Neurons The basis of the electrical signal within a neuron is the action potential that propagates down the axon. For a neuron to generate an action potential, it needs to receive input from another source, either another neuron or a sensory stimulus. That input will result in opening ion cha... | B | SciQ | SciQ-95 |
What hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between carbon atoms? | [
"saturated hydrocarbons.",
"unsaturated hydrocarbons.",
"simple carbohydrates.",
"caloric hydrocarbons."
] | Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. As a result, each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. | A | SciQ | SciQ-96 |
Antibodies also mark pathogens for destruction by which cells? | [
"phagocytic.",
"interferons.",
"leukocytes.",
"platelets."
] | Antibodies also mark pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells, such as macrophages or neutrophils, because phagocytic cells are highly attracted to macromolecules complexed with antibodies. Phagocytic enhancement by antibodies is called opsonization. In a process called complement fixation, IgM and IgG in serum bi... | A | SciQ | SciQ-97 |
What term is used to describe joints in which the bones are connected by cartilage? | [
"cartilaginous joints.",
"capillaries joints.",
"blob joints.",
"spinal joins."
] | Cartilaginous Joints Cartilaginous joints are joints in which the bones are connected by cartilage. There are two types of cartilaginous joints: synchondroses and symphyses. In a synchondrosis, the bones are joined by hyaline cartilage. Synchondroses are found in the epiphyseal plates of growing bones in children. In s... | A | SciQ | SciQ-98 |
Hydrogen and helium are specifically involved as reactants in what nuclear reaction that is useful for making energy? | [
"destructive fusion.",
"nuclear fusion.",
"radioactive fusion.",
"nuclear fission."
] | The use of nuclear fusion for energy has several pros. Unlike nuclear fission, which involves dangerous radioactive elements, nuclear fusion involves just hydrogen and helium. These elements are harmless. Hydrogen is also very plentiful. There is a huge amount of hydrogen in ocean water. The hydrogen in just a gallon o... | B | SciQ | SciQ-99 |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
README.md exists but content is empty.
- Downloads last month
- 39