id stringlengths 3 5 | label stringlengths 5 48 | definition stringlengths 39 812 | type stringclasses 3
values | domain_code stringclasses 8
values | domain_name stringclasses 8
values | variable_name stringlengths 6 8 | short_label stringlengths 5 43 | source_version stringclasses 1
value | source_url stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
000 | No other category applies | Share of uncoded sentences (quasi-sentences coded with 000)
For Manifesto Project Dataset:
- Missing information for most documents of Sweden 1949-1982 and Norway 1945-1989
- For all documents that have been coded with version 5 of the Coding Instructions this category is calculated as the sum of 000 codes,
per202_2, ... | main | 0 | NA | peruncod | percent of uncoded quasi-sentences (000) | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
101 | Foreign Special Relationships: Positive | Favourable mentions of particular countries with which the manifesto
country has a special relationship; the need for co-operation with
and/or aid to such countries. | main | 1 | External Relations | per101 | foreign special + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
102 | Foreign Special Relationships: Negative | Negative mentions of particular countries with which the manifesto
country has a special relationship. | main | 1 | External Relations | per102 | foreign special - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
103 | Anti-Imperialism | Negative references to imperial behaviour and/or negative references to
one state exerting strong influence (political, military or commercial)
over other states. May also include:
- Negative references to controlling other countries as if they were
part of an empire;
- Favourable references to greater self-g... | main | 1 | External Relations | per103 | anti-imperalism | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
104 | Military: Positive | The importance of external security and defence. May include statements
concerning:
- The need to maintain or increase military expenditure;
- The need to secure adequate manpower in the military;
- The need to modernise armed forces and improve military strength;
- The need for rearmament and self-defence;... | main | 1 | External Relations | per104 | military + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
105 | Military: Negative | Negative references to the military or use of military power to solve
conflicts. References to the ‘evils of war’. May include references to:
- Decreasing military expenditures;
- Disarmament;
- Reduced or abolished conscription.
| main | 1 | External Relations | per105 | military - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
106 | Peace | Any declaration of belief in peace and peaceful means of solving crises
– absent reference to the military. May include:
- Peace as a general goal;
- Desirability of countries joining in negotiations with hostile
countries;
- Ending wars in order to establish peace.
| main | 1 | External Relations | per106 | peace | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
107 | Internationalism: Positive | Need for international co-operation, including co-operation with
specific countries other than those coded in 101. May also include
references to the:
- Need for aid to developing countries;
- Need for world planning of resources;
- Support for global governance;
- Need for international courts;
- Suppor... | main | 1 | External Relations | per107 | internationalism + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
108 | European Community/Union: Positive | Favourable mentions of European Community/Union in general. May include
the:
- Desirability of the manifesto country joining (or remaining a
member);
- Desirability of expanding the European Community/Union;
- Desirability of increasing the ECs/EUs competences;
- Desirability of expanding the competence... | main | 1 | External Relations | per108 | europe + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
109 | Internationalism: Negative | Negative references to international co-operation. Favourable mentions
of national independence and sovereignty with regard to the manifesto
country’s foreign policy, isolation and/or unilateralism as opposed to
internationalism. | main | 1 | External Relations | per109 | internationalism - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
110 | European Community/Union: Negative | Negative references to the European Community/Union. May include:
- Opposition to specific European policies which are preferred by
European authorities;
- Opposition to the net-contribution of the manifesto country to the
EU budget.
| main | 1 | External Relations | per110 | europe - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
201 | Freedom and Human Rights | Favourable mentions of importance of personal freedom and civil rights
in the manifesto and other countries. May include mentions of:
- The right to the freedom of speech, press, assembly etc.;
- Freedom from state coercion in the political and economic spheres;
- Freedom from bureaucratic control;
- The id... | main | 2 | Freedom and Democracy | per201 | freedom & human rights | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
202 | Democracy | Favourable mentions of democracy as the “only game in town”. General
support for the manifesto country’s democracy. May also include:
- Democracy as method or goal in national, international or other
organisations (e.g. labour unions, political parties etc.);
- The need for the involvement of all citizens in ... | main | 2 | Freedom and Democracy | per202 | democracy | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
203 | Constitutionalism: Positive | Support for maintaining the status quo of the constitution. Support for
specific aspects of the manifesto country’s constitution. The use of
constitutionalism as an argument for any policy. | main | 2 | Freedom and Democracy | per203 | constitution + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
204 | Constitutionalism: Negative | Opposition to the entirety or specific aspects of the manifesto
country’s constitution. Calls for constitutional amendments or changes.
May include calls to abolish or rewrite the current constitution. | main | 2 | Freedom and Democracy | per204 | constitution - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
301 | Decentralization | Support for federalism or decentralisation of political and/or economic
power. May include:
- Favourable mentions of the territorial subsidiary principle;
- More autonomy for any sub-national level in policy making and/or
economics, including municipalities;
- Support for the continuation and importance of... | main | 3 | Political System | per301 | decentralisation | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
302 | Centralisation | General opposition to political decision-making at lower political
levels. Support for unitary government and for more centralisation in
political and administrative procedures. | main | 3 | Political System | per302 | centralisation | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
303 | Governmental and Administrative Efficiency | Need for efficiency and cost-effectiveness in government and administration and/or
the general appeal to make the process of government and administration
cheaper and more efficient. May include:
- Restructuring the civil service;
- Cutting down on the civil service;
- Improving bureaucratic procedures;
- D... | main | 3 | Political System | per303 | gov-admin efficiency | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
304 | Political Corruption | Need to eliminate political corruption and associated abuses of
political and/or bureaucratic power. Need to abolish clientelist
structures and practices. | main | 3 | Political System | per304 | political corruption | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
305 | Political Authority | References to the manifesto party’s competence to govern and/or other
party’s lack of such competence. Also includes favourable mentions of
the desirability of a strong and/or stable government in general.
*For all documents that have been coded with version 5 of the Coding
Instructions this category is calculated as ... | main | 3 | Political System | per305 | political authority | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
401 | Free Market Economy | Favourable mentions of the free market and free market capitalism as an
economic model. May include favourable references to:
- Laissez-faire economy;
- Superiority of individual enterprise over state and control systems;
- Private property rights;
- Personal enterprise and initiative;
- Need for unhampe... | main | 4 | Economy | per401 | free market economy | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
402 | Incentives: Positive | Favourable mentions of supply side oriented economic policies
(assistance to businesses rather than consumers). May include:
- Financial and other incentives such as subsidies, tax breaks etc.;
- Wage and tax policies to induce enterprise;
- Enhancing conditions to start enterprises.
| main | 4 | Economy | per402 | incentives | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
403 | Market Regulation | Support for policies designed to create a fair and open economic market.
May include:
- Calls for increased consumer protection;
- Increasing economic competition by preventing monopolies and other
actions disrupting the functioning of the market;
- Defence of small businesses against disruptive powers of ... | main | 4 | Economy | per403 | market regulation | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
404 | Economic Planning | Favourable mentions of long-standing economic planning by the
government (typically but not necessary by communist and socialist parties). May be:
- Policy plans, strategies, policy patterns etc.;
- Of a consultative or indicative nature.
| main | 4 | Economy | per404 | economic planning | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
405 | Corporatism/Mixed Economy | Favourable mentions of cooperation of government, employers, and trade
unions simultaneously. The collaboration of employers and employee
organisations in overall economic planning supervised by the state.
*Note: This category was not used for Austria up to 1979, for New
Zealand up to 1981, and for Sweden up to 1988.* | main | 4 | Economy | per405 | corporatism/mixed economy | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
406 | Protectionism: Positive | Favourable mentions of extending or maintaining the protection of
internal markets (by the manifesto or other countries). Measures may
include:
- Tariffs;
- Quota restrictions;
- Export subsidies.
| main | 4 | Economy | per406 | protectionism + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
407 | Protectionism: Negative | Support for the concept of free trade and open markets, including free trade agreements. Call for
abolishing all means of market protection (in the manifesto or any other
country). | main | 4 | Economy | per407 | protectionism - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
408 | Economic Goals | Broad and general economic goals that are not mentioned in relation to
any other category. General economic statements that fail to include any
specific goal.
*Note: Specific policy positions overrule this category! If there is no
specific policy position, however, this category applies.* | main | 4 | Economy | per408 | economic goals | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
409 | Keynesian Demand Management | Favourable mentions of demand side oriented economic policies
(assistance to consumers rather than businesses). Particularly includes
increase private demand through
- Increasing public demand;
- Increasing social expenditures.
May also include:
- Stabilisation in the face of depression;
- Government stimu... | main | 4 | Economy | per409 | keynesian demand management | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
410 | Economic Growth: Positive | The paradigm of economic growth. Includes:
- General need to encourage or facilitate greater production;
- Need for the government to take measures to aid economic growth;
- Promoting tourism as a growing sector.
| main | 4 | Economy | per410 | economic growth + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
411 | Technology and Infrastructure: Positive | Importance of modernisation of industry and updated methods of transport
and communication. May include:
- Importance of science and technological developments in industry;
- Need for training, vocational education and research within the economy (This does not
imply education in general (see category 506);
... | main | 4 | Economy | per411 | technology & infrastructure | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
412 | Controlled Economy | Support for direct government control of economy. May include, for
instance:
- Control over prices;
- Introduction of minimum wages.
| main | 4 | Economy | per412 | controlled economy | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
413 | Nationalisation | Favourable mentions of government ownership of industries, either
partial or complete; calls for keeping nationalised industries in state
hand or nationalising currently private industries. May also include
favourable mentions of government ownership of land. | main | 4 | Economy | per413 | nationalisation | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
414 | Economic Orthodoxy | Need for economically healthy government policy making. May include
calls for:
- Reduction of budget deficits;
- Retrenchment in crisis;
- Thrift and savings in the face of economic hardship;
- Support for traditional economic institutions such as stock market
and banking system;
- Support for strong... | main | 4 | Economy | per414 | economic orthodoxy | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
415 | Marxist Analysis | Positive references to Marxist-Leninist ideology and specific use of
Marxist-Leninist terminology by the manifesto party (typically but not
necessary by communist and socialist parties).
*Note: This category was not used for Austria 1945-1979, for Australia,
Japan and the United States up to 1980; for Belgium, Ireland... | main | 4 | Economy | per415 | marxist analysis + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
416 | Anti-Growth Economy: Positive | Favourable mentions of anti-growth politics. Rejection of the idea that
all growth is good growth. Opposition to growth that causes
environmental or societal harm. Call for sustainable economic
development. *For all documents that have been coded with version 5 of
the Coding Instructions this category is calculated as ... | main | 4 | Economy | per416 | anti-growth economy + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
501 | Environmental Protection | General policies in favour of protecting the environment, fighting
climate change, and other “green” policies. For instance:
- General preservation of natural resources;
- Preservation of countryside, forests, etc.;
- Protection of national parks;
- Animal rights.
May include a great variance of policies t... | main | 5 | Welfare and Quality of Life | per501 | environmentalism + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
502 | Culture: Positive | Need for state funding of cultural and leisure facilities including arts
and sport. May include:
- The need to fund museums, art galleries, libraries etc.;
- The need to encourage cultural mass media and worthwhile leisure
activities, such as public sport clubs.
| main | 5 | Welfare and Quality of Life | per502 | culture + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
503 | Equality: Positive | Concept of social justice and the need for fair treatment of all people.
This may include:
- Special protection for underprivileged social groups;
- Removal of class barriers;
- Need for fair distribution of resources;
- The end of discrimination (e.g. racial or sexual discrimination).
| main | 5 | Welfare and Quality of Life | per503 | equality + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
504 | Welfare State Expansion | Favourable mentions of need to introduce, maintain or expand any public
social service or social security scheme. This includes, for example,
government funding of:
- Health care
- Child care
- Elder care and pensions
- Social housing
*Note: This category excludes education.* | main | 5 | Welfare and Quality of Life | per504 | welfare + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
505 | Welfare State Limitation | Limiting state expenditures on social services or social security.
Favourable mentions of the social subsidiary principle (i.e. private
care before state care); | main | 5 | Welfare and Quality of Life | per505 | welfare - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
506 | Education Expansion | Need to expand and/or improve educational provision at all levels.
*Note: This excludes technical training which is coded under 411.* | main | 5 | Welfare and Quality of Life | per506 | education + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
507 | Education Limitation | Limiting state expenditure on education. May include:
- The introduction or expansion of study fees at all educational
levels
- Increasing the number of private schools.
| main | 5 | Welfare and Quality of Life | per507 | education - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
601 | National Way of Life: Positive | Favourable mentions of the manifesto country’s nation, history, and
general appeals. May include:
- Support for established national ideas;
- General appeals to pride of citizenship;
- Appeals to patriotism;
- Appeals to nationalism;
- Suspension of some freedoms in order to protect the state
against... | main | 6 | Fabric of Society | per601 | national way of life + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
602 | National Way of Life: Negative | Unfavourable mentions of the manifesto country’s nation and history. May
include:
- Opposition to patriotism;
- Opposition to nationalism;
- Opposition to the existing national state, national pride, and
national ideas.
*For all documents that have been coded with version 5 of the Coding
Instructions this... | main | 6 | Fabric of Society | per602 | national way of life - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
603 | Traditional Morality: Positive | Favourable mentions of traditional and/or religious moral values. May
include:
- Prohibition, censorship and suppression of immorality and unseemly
behaviour;
- Maintenance and stability of the traditional family as a value;
- Support for the role of religious institutions in state and society.
| main | 6 | Fabric of Society | per603 | traditional morality + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
604 | Traditional Morality: Negative | Opposition to traditional and/or religious moral values. May include:
- Support for divorce, abortion etc.;
- General support for modern family composition;
- Calls for the separation of church and state.
| main | 6 | Fabric of Society | per604 | traditional morality - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
605 | Law and Order: Positive | Favourable mentions of strict law enforcement, and tougher actions
against domestic crime. Only refers to the enforcement of the status quo
of the manifesto country’s law code. May include:
- Increasing support and resources for the police;
- Tougher attitudes in courts;
- Importance of internal security.
*Fo... | main | 6 | Fabric of Society | per605 | law and order + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
606 | Civic Mindedness: Positive | Appeals for national solidarity and the need for society to see itself
as united. Calls for solidarity with and help for fellow people,
familiar and unfamiliar. May include:
- Favourable mention of the civil society;
- Decrying anti-social attitudes in times of crisis;
- Appeal for public spiritedness;
- Su... | main | 6 | Fabric of Society | per606 | civic mindedness + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
607 | Multiculturalism: Positive | Favourable mentions of cultural diversity and cultural plurality within
domestic societies. May include the preservation of autonomy of
religious, linguistic heritages within the country including special
educational provisions.
*For all documents that have been coded with version 5 of the Coding
Instructions this cat... | main | 6 | Fabric of Society | per607 | multiculturalism + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
608 | Multiculturalism: Negative | The enforcement or encouragement of cultural integration. Appeals for
cultural homogeneity in society.
*For all documents that have been coded with version 5 of the Coding
Instructions this category is calculated as the sum of per608\_1,
per608\_2, and per608\_3.* | main | 6 | Fabric of Society | per608 | multiculturalism - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
701 | Labour Groups: Positive | Favourable references to all labour groups, the working class, and
unemployed workers in general. Support for trade unions and calls for
the good treatment of all employees, including:
- More jobs;
- Good working conditions;
- Fair wages;
- Company pensions etc.
| main | 7 | Social Groups | per701 | labour groups + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
702 | Labour Groups: Negative | Negative references to labour groups and trade unions. May focus
specifically on the danger of unions ‘abusing power’. | main | 7 | Social Groups | per702 | labour groups - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
703 | Agriculture and Farmers: Positive | Specific policies in favour of agriculture and farmers. Includes all
types of agriculture and farming practises. Only statements that have
agriculture as the key goal should be included in this category.
*For all documents that have been coded with version 5 of the Coding
Instructions this category is equal with per70... | main | 7 | Social Groups | per703 | agriculture + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
704 | Middle Class and Professional Groups | General favourable references to the middle class. Specifically,
statements may include references to:
- Professional groups, (e.g.: doctors or lawyers);
- White collar groups, (e.g.: bankers or office employees),
- Service sector groups (e.g.: IT industry employees);
- Old and/or new middle class.
*Note: ... | main | 7 | Social Groups | per704 | middle class and prof. groups | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
705 | Underprivileged Minority Groups | Very general favourable references to underprivileged minorities who are
defined neither in economic nor in demographic terms (e.g. the
handicapped, homosexuals, immigrants, indigenous). Only includes
favourable statements that cannot be classified in other categories
(e.g. 503, 504, 604, 607 etc.) | main | 7 | Social Groups | per705 | minority groups | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
706 | Non-economic Demographic Groups | General favourable mentions of demographically defined special interest
groups of all kinds. They may include:
- Women;
- University students;
- Old, young, or middle aged people.
Might include references to assistance to these groups, but only if
these do not fall under other categories (e.g. 503 or 504). | main | 7 | Social Groups | per706 | non-economic demographic groups | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
1011 | Russia/USSR/CIS: Positive | Favourable mentions of Russia, the USSR, the CMEA bloc or the Community
of Independent States. | cee | 1 | External Relations | per1011 | russia + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
1012 | Western States: Positive | Favourable mentions of Western states, including the USA and Germany. | cee | 1 | External Relations | per1012 | western states + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
1013 | Eastern European Countries: Positive | Favourable mentions of Eastern European countries in general. | cee | 1 | External Relations | per1013 | eastern europe + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
1014 | Baltic States: Positive | Favourable mentions of the Baltic states, including other states
bordering the Baltic Sea. | cee | 1 | External Relations | per1014 | baltic states + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
1015 | Nordic Council: Positive | Favourable mentions of the Nordic Council. | cee | 1 | External Relations | per1015 | nordic council + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
1016 | SFR Yugoslavia: Positive | Favourable mentions of countries formerly belonging to SFR Yugoslavia
including special relationships with Montenegro, Macedonia, Slovenia,
Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina. | cee | 1 | External Relations | per1016 | yugoslavia + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
1021 | Russia/USSR/CIS: Negative | Negative mentions of Russia, the USSR or the Community of Independent
States. | cee | 1 | External Relations | per1021 | russia - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
1022 | Western States: Negative | Negative mentions of Western states, including the USA and Germany. | cee | 1 | External Relations | per1022 | western states - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
1023 | East European Countries: Negative | Negative mentions of Eastern European countries in general. | cee | 1 | External Relations | per1023 | eastern europe - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
1024 | Baltic States: Negative | Negative references to the Baltic states. | cee | 1 | External Relations | per1024 | baltic states - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
1025 | Nordic Council: Negative | Negative references to the Nordic Council. | cee | 1 | External Relations | per1025 | nordic council - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
1026 | SFR Yugoslavia: Negative | Negative mentions of countries formerly belonging to SFR Yugoslavia
including negative references to Montenegro, Macedonia, Slovenia,
Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina. | cee | 1 | External Relations | per1026 | yugoslavia - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
1031 | Russian Army: Negative | Need to withdraw the Russian army from the territory of the manifesto
country; need to receive reparations for the damage caused by the
Russian army or other Soviet institutions. | cee | 1 | External Relations | per1031 | russian army - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
1032 | Independence: Positive | Favourable mentions of the independence and sovereignty of the manifesto
country. | cee | 1 | External Relations | per1032 | independence + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
1033 | Rights of Nations: Positive | Favourable mentions of freedom, rights and interests of nations. | cee | 1 | External Relations | per1033 | rights of nations + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
2021 | Transition to Democracy | General references to the transition process of one-party states to
pluralist democracy. | cee | 2 | Freedom and Democracy | per2021 | transition to democracy | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
2022 | Restrictive Citizenship: Positive | Favourable mentions of restrictions in citizenship; restrictions in
enfranchisement with respect to (ethnic) groups. | cee | 2 | Freedom and Democracy | per2022 | restrict citizenship + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
2023 | Lax Citizenship: Positive | Favourable mentions of lax citizenship and election laws; no or few
restrictions in enfranchisement. | cee | 2 | Freedom and Democracy | per2023 | lax citizenship + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
2031 | Presidential Regime: Positive | Support for current presidential regime; statements in favour of a
powerful presidency. | cee | 2 | Freedom and Democracy | per2031 | presidential regime + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
2032 | Republic: Positive | Support for the republican form of government as opposed to monarchy. | cee | 2 | Freedom and Democracy | per2032 | republic + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
2033 | Checks and Balances: Positive | Support for checks and balances and separation of powers, and
specifically for limiting the powers of the presidency by increasing
legislative/judicial powers, or transferring some executive powers to
the legislature or judiciary. | cee | 2 | Freedom and Democracy | per2033 | checks and balances + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
2041 | Monarchy: Positive | Support for a monarchy, including conceptions of constitutional
monarchy. | cee | 2 | Freedom and Democracy | per2041 | monarchy + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
3011 | Republican Powers: Positive | Favourable mentions of stronger republican powers. | cee | 3 | Political System | per3011 | republican powers + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
3051 | Public Situation: Negative | Negative references to the situation in public life after the founding
elections. | cee | 3 | Political System | per3051 | public situation - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
3052 | Communist: Positive | Co-operation with former authorities/communists in the transition
period; pro-communist involvement in the transition process; and ‘let
sleeping dogs lie’ in dealing with the nomenclature. | cee | 3 | Political System | per3052 | communist + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
3053 | Communist: Negative | Against communist involvement in democratic government; weeding out the
collaborators from governmental service; need for political coalition
except communist parties. | cee | 3 | Political System | per3053 | communist - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
3054 | Rehabilitation and Compensation: Positive | References to civic rehabilitation of politically persecuted people in
the communist era; references to juridical compensation concerning
communist expropriations; moral compensation. | cee | 3 | Political System | per3054 | rehabilitation + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
3055 | Political Coalitions: Positive | Positive references to the need of broader political coalition; need for
co-operation at the political level; necessity of collaboration among
all political forces. | cee | 3 | Political System | per3055 | coalitions + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
4011 | Privatisation: Positive | Favourable references to privatisation. | cee | 4 | Economy | per4011 | privatization + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
4012 | Control of Economy: Negative | Negative references to the general need for direct governmental control
of the economy. | cee | 4 | Economy | per4012 | control economy - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
4013 | Property-Restitution: Positive | Favourable references to the physical restitution of property to
previous owners. | cee | 4 | Economy | per4013 | restitution + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
4014 | Privatisation Vouchers: Positive | Favourable references to privatisation vouchers. | cee | 4 | Economy | per4014 | private vouchers + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
4121 | Social Ownership: Positive | Favourable references to the creation or preservation of co-operative or
non-state social ownership within a market economy. | cee | 4 | Economy | per4121 | social ownership + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
4122 | Mixed Economy: Positive | Favourable references to mixed ownership within a market economy. | cee | 4 | Economy | per4122 | mixed economy + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
4123 | Publicly-Owned Industry: Positive | Positive references to the concept of publicly-owned industries. | cee | 4 | Economy | per4123 | publicly owned industry + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
4124 | Socialist Property: Positive | Positive references to socialist property, including public and
co-operative property; negative references to privatisation. | cee | 4 | Economy | per4124 | socialist property + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
4131 | Property-Restitution: Negative | Negative references to the physical restitution of property to previous
owners. | cee | 4 | Economy | per4131 | property restitution - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
4132 | Privatisation: Negative | Negative references to the privatisation system; need to change the
privatisation system. | cee | 4 | Economy | per4132 | privatization - | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
5021 | Private-Public Mix in Culture: Positive | Necessity of private provisions due to economic constraints; private
funding in addition to public activity. | cee | 5 | Welfare and Quality of Life | per5021 | priv-pub mix culture + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
5031 | Private-Public Mix in Social Justice: Positive | Necessity of private initiatives due to economic constraints. | cee | 5 | Welfare and Quality of Life | per5031 | priv-pub mix social justice + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
5041 | Private-Public Mix in Welfare: Positive | Necessity of private welfare provisions due to economic constraints;
desirability of competition in welfare service provisions; private
funding in addition to public activity. | cee | 5 | Welfare and Quality of Life | per5041 | priv-pub mix welfare + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
5061 | Private-Public Mix in Education: Positive | Necessity of private education due to economic constraints; desirability
of competition in education. | cee | 5 | Welfare and Quality of Life | per5061 | priv-pub mix education + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
6011 | The Karabakh Issue: Positive | Positive references to the unity of Karabakh and Armenia or the
recognition of the independent Republic of Karabakh; rendering
assistance to Karabakh. | cee | 6 | Fabric of Society | per6011 | karabakh issue + | 2026a | https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/api/v1/get_core_codebook?key=MPDS2026a&kind=categories |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
Social JEV Codebooks
Codebooks for labelled social-science datasets. Each dataset configuration contains one codebook.
| Configuration | Contents |
|---|---|
manifesto |
143 Manifesto Project category definitions from release 2026a, including main categories and subcategories. |
Each row contains id, label, and definition, plus dataset-specific metadata. The Manifesto configuration includes source and domain information; it contains no annotated texts or examples.
Load with Hugging Face
from datasets import load_dataset
codebook = load_dataset(
"social-jev/codebooks",
"manifesto",
split="train",
)
Load with Social JEV
import social_jev as sj
codebook = sj.Codebook.from_hub("manifesto")
codebook["504"]
codebook["Welfare State Expansion"]
Both lookups return the category’s definition and metadata.
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