Datasets:

sello-ralethe
/

SA-Generics

text stringlengths 14 95
western tanagers feed on insects.
albatrosses have plumages.
owls kill rabbits.
parrots have ovaries.
ospreys sit on branches.
birds eat thrushes.
vultures prey on newborn sheep.
birds perch on one leg, drawing the other leg to the breast for warmth.
birds appear in nests.
birds migrate from the artic to the antartic, each year returning to exactly the same nest.
penguins stay in the water for up to five months without coming to land.
puffins make nests.
parrots live in ground.
birds live on leaves.
falcons eat prey.
lemurs sit in trees.
birds eat sunflowers.
seagulls eat baby birds.
hawks thrive in habitats.
ladybirds feed on mites.
birds live in homes that humans provide.
hammerhead sharks eat stingrays.
owls return to eggs.
owls eat fish.
warblers feed on insects.
ospreys return to nest sites.
cassowaries eat berries.
birds feed on mammals.
duckweeds grow in sunlight.
eagles live on cliffs.
shorebirds depend on coastal habitats.
pigeons sit in vegetation.
migratory birds live in tundra.
birds sit in water.
birds probe deeply into the sediment, others take food from the surface.
birds carry eggs.
lemurs prefer leaves.
crows have a second brood in the same year.
kestrels eat domesticate animals.
birds lose weight.
roosters have penises.
birds travel in flocks, so the adults teach the young.
owls kill shrews.
owls sit on ridges.
ospreys have weight.
penguins lack flight feathers.
great herons live in habitats.
owls live on a farm or in an old building.
birds have lifespans.
birds build nests out of twigs and grasses.
birds feed on earwigs.
owls watch ducks.
birds are nearly self-sufficient when they hatch.
cactus wrens have white stripes.
birds have diarrhea.
boobies have natural predators.
cassowaries have feathers.
birds eat rats.
birds eat gravel.
birds take cavities.
eagles feed on fawns.
chickens have body shapes.
birds locate prey.
cassowaries live in rainforests.
birds live on environments.
birds fly and birds swim, but all birds have feathers.
hummingbirds depend on water.
birds perch on windowpanes.
birds possess teeth.
eagles thrive in habitats.
ospreys eat aquatic creatures.
birds feed on quail chicks.
parrots occupy large ranges.
coastal birds prey on ducks.
birds nest high, others on the ground.
birds use their outstretched feet to land.
hawks eat rattlesnakes.
waterfowls live in ground.
birds are eaten as food.
owls live in virginia.
hawks destroy eggs.
birds peck holes in trees and peck at the dirt to find food.
many birds feed insects.
mallards hide nests.
ducks possess membranes.
scarlet macaws have tail feathers.
birds create a nest for the purpose of raising young birds.
penguins sit on stones.
birds die shortly after showing signs of pbfd while others live months to years.
sea birds eat krill.
woodpeckers eat feathers.
birds eat marine fish.
penguins live on ground.
birds have a nomadic lifestyle, following fruiting trees.
male owls raise tails.
owls live in oak.
birds have more feathers than others.
birds have gases.
birds eat frogs.
birds lay each egg in a different nest.

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SA-Generics

Generic statement probes for measuring the generic overgeneralization effect in pretrained language models.

Produced for the doctoral thesis Injecting Commonsense Knowledge into Pretrained Language Models for Low Resource Languages (University of Cape Town, 2026). Code at https://github.com/sello-ralethe/SA-knowledge

Structure

Two splits by prevalence class. minority holds generics whose property is true of a distinctive subset of the kind; majority holds generics whose property holds broadly. The contrast between them is what the probing task exploits.

Statements are deduplicated within each split, and any statement appearing in both has been removed from both, since the classes are intended to be disjoint.

Split	Statements
`minority`	6,124
`majority`	8,969

Loading

from datasets import load_dataset

probes = load_dataset("sello-ralethe/SA-Generics", split="minority")

Scope

The probes are English and are confined to the animal domain, which supplies a large inventory of well-attested generics with clear prevalence distinctions and avoids the confound that arises when generic statements concern social groups. The cross-lingual probe sets described in the thesis are not part of this release.

This is a diagnostic instrument. It contains statements that are false as claims about the world, and is not a source of facts.

Licence

CC BY 4.0, inherited from GenericsKB.

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