id string | question string | answers list |
|---|---|---|
aussieqa-27f8501b52db313c721b | What are the Australian English spellings of the words "organize", "meter", "tire", and "jewelry"? | [
"The Australian English spellings are organise, metre, tyre, and jewellery."
] |
aussieqa-86770792202243ae1d99 | Why might a player be ineligible to win the Brownlow Medal? | [
"A player becomes ineligible if they have been suspended for an on-field offence during the AFL season."
] |
aussieqa-37c3f2b69aae6fbe96ff | Who are the two sides in NRL State of Origin, and what's the selection principle? | [
"The two sides are New South Wales and Queensland, with players chosen for the state where they first played senior rugby league."
] |
aussieqa-99a10d0cf32b56bdaa34 | What is the nickname for the HDT Group A Commodore? | [
"The HDT Group A Commodore is nicknamed the \"Blue Meanie\" due to its distinctive blue livery."
] |
aussieqa-819df6b33e1e6e4bf779 | What's a "tradie," "sparkie," "chippy," and "brickie"? | [
"In Australian slang, \"tradie\" means tradesperson, \"sparkie\" means electrician, \"chippy\" means carpenter, and \"brickie\" means bricklayer."
] |
aussieqa-6ec2f2f58d1f781ac783 | What are the main restrictions for provisional (P-plate) drivers in most Australian states? | [
"In most states, P-plate drivers must have a zero blood-alcohol level, obey lower maximum speed limits, face restrictions on carrying peer passengers (especially late at night), and are often prohibited from driving high-powered or heavily modified vehicles."
] |
aussieqa-bd0f5579e5d00c5bbd0e | What does negative gearing mean in the Australian property context? | [
"In Australia, negative gearing is when the costs of owning an investment property (such as interest and other expenses) exceed the rental income, and the resulting loss can be deducted from the investor's other taxable income."
] |
aussieqa-0f458c4300b5ac039de3 | What is Uluru and why is it significant? | [
"Uluru is a massive sandstone monolith in Central Australia, within Uluru–Kata Tjuta National Park in the Northern Territory. It is sacred to the Anangu Traditional Owners and is a major symbol of Aboriginal culture and Australian natural heritage."
] |
aussieqa-b286eb4f94c83964aacc | What is ANZAC Day and when is it observed? | [
"ANZAC Day is a national day of remembrance in Australia and New Zealand, observed on 25 April each year to commemorate Australians and New Zealanders who served and died in wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping operations."
] |
aussieqa-1450692549d7530dc144 | What is Centrelink? | [
"Centrelink is the service arm of the Australian Government agency Services Australia that delivers income support and other welfare payments, such as unemployment benefits, pensions and family assistance."
] |
aussieqa-4692806d06520e445985 | What is the Great Barrier Reef? | [
"The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system, located off the coast of Queensland, Australia."
] |
aussieqa-40b87564aaf2b057666d | What is Vegemite? | [
"Vegemite is a thick, dark brown Australian food spread made from leftover brewers' yeast extract with various vegetable and spice additives."
] |
aussieqa-9bdbc232cf4c4fb61565 | What is a granny flat and what does this refer to? | [
"In Australia, a granny flat is a small, self-contained secondary dwelling on the same property as a main house, originally intended for an elderly relative but now often used as extra or affordable housing."
] |
aussieqa-dd99aa2e6a0b44210910 | What does the word 'slang' originally mean in Australia? | [
"In early Australian English, 'slang' could mean 'abusive language', a sense that survives in the phrase 'a slanging match'."
] |
aussieqa-7af90d965cde69029bac | What is the purpose of the phrase 'Send her down Hughie' in Australia? | [
"In Australia, 'Send her down, Hughie' is a colloquial, prayer-like expression used to call for heavy rain, often during dry or drought conditions."
] |
aussieqa-3ee49e660e38c42246e6 | What is distinctive about Australian sporting slang? | [
"Australian sporting slang is especially rich in colourful nicknames and shortened forms for games, players and teams, and has been widely recorded by lexicographers as a creative part of Australian English."
] |
aussieqa-4202cfec9d81fa9bc2dc | What was the purpose of the phonetic pronunciation guide prepared by the Australian Broadcasting Commission for the Queen's 1954 tour? | [
"The guide was intended to ensure the correct pronunciation of Australian place names the Queen would visit during her Royal tour."
] |
aussieqa-5aa5ed440112fbc6fd32 | What Australian television series examined national identity through the lens of multiculturalism? | [
"The series 'Many Homes, Many Names' explored Australian identity through multiculturalism."
] |
aussieqa-3905498be0d9ded61617 | What diplomatic action did China take in 1989 to protest a planned visit by three Chinese dissidents to Australia? | [
"China summoned the Australian ambassador in Beijing to lodge a formal protest against the planned visit."
] |
aussieqa-1138593dc328e586f994 | What style of humour is commonly associated with Australians? | [
"Australians are commonly associated with self-deprecating humour, often laughing at themselves and their own misfortunes."
] |
aussieqa-cc53fd731009d900035d | What are some common settings for Christmas Day meals in Australia? | [
"Many Australians enjoy their Christmas meals outdoors – on beaches, in backyards, or in the bush – often with a barbecue or picnic under the summer sun."
] |
aussieqa-3c6c222d5b7ddf3365da | What is the typical climate in Australia during Christmas time? | [
"Christmas in Australia falls in mid-summer, so the weather is generally warm to hot across most of the country."
] |
aussieqa-a9d1f3312d23312ec6a3 | What clothing does Santa Claus traditionally wear in Australia? | [
"Santa Claus still wears a red suit trimmed with white fur, even in Australia's hot summer."
] |
aussieqa-c9d256fb6e2823404e48 | What Australian national day is commemorated on April 25th? | [
"Anzac Day is commemorated on April 25th."
] |
aussieqa-e340947ee0b2be3cf4c3 | What is the significance of Anzac Day in Australia? | [
"Anzac Day commemorates the landing of Australian and New Zealand troops at Gallipoli during World War I and serves as a day of remembrance for all Australians who have served and died in military operations."
] |
aussieqa-c406f3d442bb31f30dcd | In Australian slang, what does the word 'beaut' mean? | [
"In Australian slang, 'beaut' (short for 'beautiful') means 'great', 'excellent', or 'really good'."
] |
aussieqa-6184375c3728cf50e62b | In Australian broadcasting, what is GTS-4 and which region does it primarily serve? | [
"GTS-4 is a regional commercial television station that serves the Spencer Gulf region of South Australia."
] |
aussieqa-2e4cc7c631eaefba779b | What type of landscape characterises Kangaroo Island? | [
"Kangaroo Island is characterised by rugged bushland, native forests, coastal scrub, and dramatic coastal cliffs and beaches."
] |
aussieqa-7dfb2d5b6524a1e87dd8 | In which Australian state is Kangaroo Island located? | [
"Kangaroo Island is located in the state of South Australia."
] |
aussieqa-68d6e04e12eaa7f19566 | Within the Order of Australia, what is the highest grade of honour? | [
"The highest grade within the Order of Australia is the Companion of the Order of Australia (AC)."
] |
aussieqa-307ce51f73b780887fcb | What is the official residence of the Governor-General of Australia? | [
"The official residence of the Governor-General of Australia is Government House, located in the Canberra suburb of Yarralumla in the Australian Capital Territory."
] |
aussieqa-7709e70dd5ba8f8f50bd | Between 2001 and 2006, which Australian government department was responsible for immigration, multicultural and Indigenous affairs? | [
"Between 2001 and 2006, this responsibility was held by the Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (DIMIA)."
] |
aussieqa-ce3355e67a249bb1aa56 | In which Australian state is the town of Churchill in the Latrobe Valley located? | [
"The town of Churchill in the Latrobe Valley is located in the state of Victoria."
] |
aussieqa-609d7e02429afc8ea2e0 | In Australian postal addressing, what does the abbreviation 'MDC' stand for? | [
"In Australian postal addressing, 'MDC' stands for Mail Distribution Centre, a central facility used for routing business mail."
] |
aussieqa-4ad22d6cfbd655fab4b9 | What sport did Peter Daicos play professionally in Australia? | [
"Peter Daicos played Australian rules football professionally in the Victorian/Australian Football League (VFL/AFL)."
] |
aussieqa-7b8ecac89089b4ee7582 | Which player's fierce performance in the first State of Origin rugby league match on 8 July 1980 is often credited with giving the concept credibility? | [
"Arthur Beetson's passionate and physical play in that inaugural State of Origin match is widely regarded as giving the series its credibility."
] |
aussieqa-7307b0ff4c3eb129575c | What significant reconciliation-focused cultural event was held in Australia on 26 January 1989? | [
"The 'Building Bridges' concert was held on Australia Day 1989 as a major cultural event promoting reconciliation between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians."
] |
aussieqa-cbd1f27e548d7fa7255c | What significant task did Australia's new Prime Minister Gough Whitlam set for himself when he took office? | [
"Gough Whitlam set himself the task of finding a new national anthem to replace 'God Save the Queen', a process that ultimately led to 'Advance Australia Fair' becoming Australia's anthem."
] |
aussieqa-9353f961f758750a3769 | In Australia's 1974 long-range defence planning, what major change was proposed for the Royal Australian Navy? | [
"The plan proposed acquiring new major warships, including additional destroyer-class vessels, to modernise and strengthen the Royal Australian Navy."
] |
aussieqa-d942b6cba1100a674a7d | What national identification proposal did the Australian government put forward in June 1985? | [
"It proposed a national identity card scheme, often called the 'Australia Card', which would issue a unique identification card to every Australian resident."
] |
aussieqa-744db15b3e881f95c5a3 | Why was Australia established as a British penal colony in the late 18th century? | [
"After the American colonies became independent, Britain needed a new place to send transported convicts and also sought to extend its strategic presence in the Pacific, so it established a penal colony in Australia."
] |
aussieqa-be6f83f2cb5d6346287b | Which report has played an important role in shaping discussion about multiculturalism in Australia? | [
"The Fitzgerald Report, titled 'Immigration: A Commitment to Australia', is a key document that has shaped debate on multiculturalism in Australia."
] |
aussieqa-339444453b0da0fec428 | What significant event did Australians celebrate in 1951, and what did it mark? | [
"In 1951 Australians celebrated their Golden Jubilee, marking 50 years since the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901."
] |
aussieqa-3a52aa5fcef31d87cfd1 | Which two dates were central to Australia's 1951 Jubilee celebrations, and what did they commemorate? | [
"The dates were 1 January 1901, when the Commonwealth of Australia was established, and 9 May 1901, when the first Federal Parliament was opened."
] |
aussieqa-972f6e51927ff668ca76 | What was the Australian Natives' Association? | [
"The Australian Natives' Association was a fraternal and mutual-benefit organisation, founded in 1871, that promoted Australian nationalism and community service among Australian-born settlers."
] |
aussieqa-b462802535e0d72e1064 | What advantage does the southern half of Australia have over the north in terms of rainfall for agriculture? | [
"The southern half generally receives rain that is either well distributed through the year or concentrated in the cooler winter months, which is more effective for agriculture because evaporation rates are lower."
] |
aussieqa-fa23f015864b1b602a68 | What types of items might Australian households contain that relate to the Federation era? | [
"Australian households might contain items such as trinkets, scrapbooks, commemorative crockery or other family heirlooms dating back to the Federation era around 1901."
] |
aussieqa-deac5105cfa1e57f6065 | What aspect of Australian language is often explored in humorous writing? | [
"Humorous writers often focus on the Australian vernacular, celebrating colloquial expressions and slang."
] |
aussieqa-33c4b3803110c00632d4 | What does the Australian expression 'Send her down, Hughie' mean? | [
"It is a traditional Australian expression used to call for heavy rain, with 'Hughie' being a colloquial name for the rain god or the heavens."
] |
aussieqa-70af283348d0c61705cb | What aspect of Australian culture does Sidney Baker highlight in his book 'Australian Language'? | [
"Sidney Baker highlights that Australia has developed a rich sporting vocabulary of its own."
] |
aussieqa-656dc55b92643cdcb4fd | What region did Australian media refer to as 'economic tigerland' in the early 1990s? | [
"South-East Asia was referred to as 'economic tigerland' in Australian media during the early 1990s due to its rapid economic growth."
] |
aussieqa-b845addcbe61fcf6e1ca | What does the word 'kosher' mean in the context of Australian Jewish communities? | [
"In Australian Jewish communities, 'kosher' refers to food that is permitted according to Jewish dietary laws. It comes from the Hebrew word 'kasher', meaning 'in proper condition' or 'fit'."
] |
aussieqa-d551c75ff3274bd5e0b6 | Why did the Australian Broadcasting Commission prepare pronunciation guides for royal visits? | [
"The ABC prepared pronunciation guides so broadcasters and the public could correctly pronounce Australian place names and personal names during royal tours."
] |
aussieqa-be8f30e7ca8fdbfa8ed1 | What type of advisory body did South Australia establish to provide advice on Aboriginal affairs? | [
"South Australia established an advisory council made up of Aboriginal people to provide advice to government on Aboriginal affairs."
] |
aussieqa-35ebf272b2f8bc9f56c1 | What is the academic field that studies the history and experiences of Chinese Australians called? | [
"It is commonly referred to as Chinese Australian studies, or 'Chinese in Australia', and examines the history, culture and contributions of Chinese Australians."
] |
aussieqa-c12e9bf234a9fb38550b | What magazine played a crucial role in the birth of the Australian short story? | [
"The Bulletin magazine is widely regarded as the cradle of the Australian short story."
] |
aussieqa-b080c0ae9c6543b01c0e | What literary style characterised the early Australian short stories? | [
"Early Australian short stories were characterised by realism."
] |
aussieqa-76e5550d35ce8f268935 | In Australian slang, what does the expression "Don't come the raw prawn with me" mean? | [
"It means \"don’t try to fool, deceive, or take advantage of me.\" The phrase is a warning not to treat the speaker as gullible."
] |
aussieqa-922c42eb2f7b1a19083c | In Australian rhyming slang, what does 'frog and toad' mean? | [
"'Frog and toad' is rhyming slang for 'road'."
] |
aussieqa-ea049293596945503f23 | In Australian rhyming slang, what does 'apples and pears' mean? | [
"'Apples and pears' is rhyming slang for 'stairs'."
] |
aussieqa-4d8b70db9f472c18db2f | In Australian rhyming slang, what does the expression "Uncle Ned" mean? | [
"It is a rhyming slang term for \"dead\"."
] |
aussieqa-578264a906e2461ff2ee | Has any stage of the Tour de France ever taken place in Australia? | [
"No. The Tour de France has never included a stage held in Australia; instead, Australia hosts its own UCI WorldTour race, the Tour Down Under."
] |
aussieqa-c156beddce9a60db2470 | What did Sidney Baker notice about Australian sport? | [
"Sidney Baker observed that Australia had developed a rich sporting vocabulary of its own."
] |
aussieqa-211ef3e35e3fcca15597 | Which geographic factor has significantly contributed to Australians developing distinctive cultural characteristics? | [
"Australia's relative geographic isolation from other continents has helped its people develop distinctive cultural characteristics."
] |
aussieqa-4a125e27adea6ec978fe | What has often been criticised about Australian English since its inception? | [
"Since its inception, Australian English has often been criticised as uncouth, ugly, and unworthy of serious study compared with standard British English."
] |
aussieqa-65c16f0d124e04cb3759 | What does the Australian expression "she'll be right, mate" mean? | [
"It conveys a laid-back assurance that everything will be fine or work out okay, reflecting casual optimism."
] |
aussieqa-f1f4b3d0cc261cc56925 | How does mass communication influence regional language variations in Australia? | [
"Mass communication tends to reduce regional language variations, promoting a more uniform Australian English across the country."
] |
aussieqa-5996a2c1fffca8f12759 | What is the "Australian National Dictionary: A Concise Edition"? | [
"The Australian National Dictionary: A Concise Edition is an abridged, single-volume version of the 1988 Australian National Dictionary, designed to be more portable and affordable."
] |
aussieqa-7a36b7f8ffc0f9269dd5 | In what year was Australian painter John Perceval born? | [
"He was born in 1923."
] |
aussieqa-cda28fb09d6384eb7310 | After World War I, what did each division of the First Australian Imperial Force erect on the Western Front battlefields to commemorate its service? | [
"Each division built its own divisional war memorial."
] |
aussieqa-e726012f97e2a1164b18 | In which year did Curtin University begin offering Japanese language studies? | [
"Curtin University began offering Japanese language studies in 1966."
] |
aussieqa-ccdc2b9ab056e16e5402 | How has Australian English historically been viewed by some? | [
"Some people have historically viewed Australian English as uncouth, ugly, and not worthy of serious study."
] |
aussieqa-9e9ba969fbbe009e313a | Who was the Australian cricketer who worked for the Commonwealth Bank for 27 years and later became executive director of the Rothmans National Sport Foundation? | [
"Keith Miller was the Australian cricketer who worked for the Commonwealth Bank for 27 years and later became executive director of the Rothmans National Sport Foundation."
] |
aussieqa-f3aa87354b8eda9e11e4 | What legislation did the Hawke Government introduce in 1991 regarding political advertising? | [
"In 1991, the Hawke Labor Government introduced legislation that banned paid political advertising on television and radio."
] |
aussieqa-b4f51a169d8b25b2c4b5 | Who directed the documentaries 'The Fire Ceremony' and 'Broken English' featured in the series 'Blood Brothers'? | [
"Ned Lander directed 'The Fire Ceremony' and 'Broken English' in the 'Blood Brothers' series."
] |
aussieqa-99c75b8b4052d966cbc9 | Who were the producers of the documentary series 'Blood Brothers'? | [
"The series was produced by Ned Lander and Rachel Perkins, with Jenny Day serving as co-producer."
] |
aussieqa-c3481508c7eb4e2158ec | What literary style is John O'Grady known for? | [
"John O'Grady is known for his liberal use of Australian vernacular and slang in his writing, especially in his humorous novel 'They're a Weird Mob'."
] |
aussieqa-f73cdfebd2ede6cf868c | In Australian English, what is the difference between the terms 'lingo' and 'vernacular'? | [
"'Lingo' typically refers to informal, group-specific slang or jargon, while 'vernacular' refers to the everyday speech or dialect of a particular region or community."
] |
aussieqa-2270a3eed58c8210eea7 | What was the Postmaster-General's Department (PMG) in Australia? | [
"The Postmaster-General's Department was a federal government department that ran Australia's postal and telecommunications services from 1901 until 1975, when it was replaced by separate postal and telecom agencies."
] |
aussieqa-8b42bac5b1218127b7eb | What does the Australian slang term 'slop gravy' mean? | [
"In Australian slang, to 'slop gravy' means to eat food enthusiastically and somewhat messily, often mopping up sauce or gravy."
] |
aussieqa-d8c959430d9451940aba | Name two iconic Australian comedians known for poking fun at themselves and Australian culture. | [
"Barry Humphries and Paul Hogan."
] |
aussieqa-153f345e2f3745ad8bca | How do Australians typically celebrate Christmas, given the hot summer weather? | [
"Because Christmas falls in summer, many Australians celebrate with outdoor barbecues, seafood and salads, or trips to the beach or local parks rather than heavy winter-style meals."
] |
aussieqa-43a9daa7793c87430b9d | What was the Australian Wool Board? | [
"The Australian Wool Board was a statutory authority that represented the wool industry by funding promotion, research and marketing of Australian wool before being replaced by later industry bodies in the 1970s."
] |
aussieqa-487a0fc30fcdc85ed3d3 | Why did Professor Walter Murdoch hesitate to answer the question 'What is the Australian way of life?' | [
"He hesitated because he doubted anyone could define a single 'Australian way of life' and believed a broader question about the human way of life needed to be addressed first."
] |
aussieqa-a095c59afd34eea332ce | What's the typical temperature difference between Marble Bar and Yellowknife around Christmas? | [
"Around Christmas, Marble Bar in Western Australia can be about 80 degrees Celsius hotter than Yellowknife in Canada's Northwest Territories."
] |
aussieqa-b057424e2ea05a442bba | What was the Australian government's approach to migration in the early 1970s? | [
"In the early 1970s the Australian government began moving away from strict assimilation policies, dismantling the White Australia policy and adopting a more multicultural approach that allowed migrants to retain aspects of their own cultures."
] |
aussieqa-f8f7a846d5439e713a11 | What role do youth organisations play in Anzac Day commemorations? | [
"Youth organisations such as cadets, scouts and guides march in Anzac Day parades, form guards of honour and lay wreaths, helping younger generations actively participate in remembrance."
] |
aussieqa-8925fc7ddc431fa3370b | What does the RSL's National President believe is crucial for Anzac Day's continued survival? | [
"He believes Anzac Day will only survive if its true significance remains central to how it is commemorated, rather than it being treated merely as a holiday."
] |
aussieqa-2a1a268274227e06a58c | Why is the recognition of Jewish Diggers who fought at Gallipoli significant for Anzac Day? | [
"It is significant because it acknowledges the service and sacrifice of Australian Jewish soldiers at Gallipoli, ensuring that Anzac Day commemorations better reflect the diversity of those who fought for Australia."
] |
aussieqa-65b8ed18035a498e185b | Why has the contribution of Jewish soldiers at Gallipoli been historically overlooked? | [
"Their contribution was often omitted or underemphasised in mainstream Anzac narratives and memorials, which tended to present a more uniform image of the digger and paid less attention to the experiences of minority communities."
] |
aussieqa-ba4ba1cb6f2109dc7a7b | What cultural elements are typically featured in Tamil-Australian community celebrations? | [
"Tamil-Australian community celebrations often include classical and folk music, dance performances such as Bharatanatyam, traditional dress, and Tamil cuisine."
] |
aussieqa-cefc980ac98a703997dc | Which major national event occurred in Australia on New Year's Day in 1901? | [
"On 1 January 1901, the six self-governing colonies federated to form the Commonwealth of Australia."
] |
aussieqa-5c1617f4844d2be62c0b | What ongoing debate exists regarding Australia Day? | [
"There is ongoing debate about whether Australia Day should remain on 26 January, with discussions about changing the date or the nature of the commemoration because of its association with colonisation and its impact on Indigenous Australians."
] |
aussieqa-c396b69243bfc7e97c93 | What was the original name of the AJC Oaks horse race? | [
"The AJC Oaks was originally known as the Adrian Knox Oaks Stakes, named in honour of former Australian Jockey Club chairman Sir Adrian Knox.",
"The AJC Oaks was originally known as the Adrian Knox Oaks Stakes."
] |
aussieqa-7a7a1422a4fe991d04ab | In Australian horse racing, which former Australian Jockey Club chairman is honoured in the name of the Adrian Knox Stakes? | [
"The Adrian Knox Stakes is named after Sir Adrian Knox, a former chairman of the Australian Jockey Club."
] |
aussieqa-aefe5bfa1f9b899ef9a5 | What is commemorated on Armistice Day (11 November) in Australia? | [
"Armistice Day, also known as Remembrance Day, marks the 11 November 1918 cease-fire that ended fighting in World War I and is observed to honour Australians who have served and died in wars and armed conflicts."
] |
aussieqa-8b88ca52849dd94fbef2 | Who were some influential women in Australian cinema during the 1920s? | [
"Lottie Lyell and the McDonagh sisters (Paulette, Isobel, and Phyllis) were influential women in Australian cinema during the 1920s, contributing significantly as actors, directors, and producers."
] |
aussieqa-d98c64f74f10f87b1247 | What part of Melbourne is Hawthorn located in? | [
"Hawthorn is an inner-eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria."
] |
aussieqa-fb7f029a712323fbce8a | Who provides weather reports for Canberra? | [
"The Bureau of Meteorology provides weather reports for Canberra."
] |
aussieqa-61eae7bf59acf35f5597 | In the Royal Australian Air Force, which rank comes immediately above Wing Commander? | [
"Group Captain is the rank immediately above Wing Commander in the Royal Australian Air Force."
] |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
Aussie-1k
A benchmark of 1,500 unique questions and 1,514 reference answers for evaluating Australian knowledge and language. It covers Australian English, culture, institutions, history, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander topics, geography, and wildlife. The Aussie-1k name is kept for continuity.
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
test = load_dataset("scx-admin/aussie-1k", split="test") # 1,500 questions
Present only question to the model. Keep answers and curation metadata hidden. Score each question once, with equal weight, using a documented correctness rubric that allows partial credit. Exact match and token F1 can supplement semantic scoring. Record the dataset commit, model, prompt, settings, scoring method, and tool access.
Composition
| Measure | Count |
|---|---|
| Questions | 1,500 |
| Reference answers | 1,514 |
| Questions with one reference | 1,486 |
| Questions with two references | 14 |
| Training or validation splits | 0 |
| Coverage area | Examples |
|---|---|
| Australian English | Spelling, slang, idioms, local terminology |
| Culture, media, and sport | Entertainment, literature, music, food and customs, sport |
| Civic knowledge | Institutions, Medicare, superannuation |
| History and Indigenous topics | Australian history, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and cultures |
| Geography | States, territories, towns, landmarks |
| Wildlife and safety | Animals, beaches, bushwalking |
The original 984 questions have no topic labels, so their category proportions are unknown. The 516 later additions carry topic labels in their metadata.
Metadata and schema
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Project | SouthernCrossAI / SCX.ai MAGPiE evaluation |
| Language | Australian English (en-AU) |
| Format | UTF-8 JSON Lines |
| Split | test |
| License | Unspecified |
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
id |
string | aussieqa- plus the first 20 hexadecimal characters of the question's SHA-256 hash |
question |
string | Input question |
answers |
list of strings | One or two reference answers |
Questions are normalised with Unicode NFC and trimmed before hashing and duplicate grouping. Distinct answer variants are retained. IDs depend on question text, not row order or answer wording.
Provenance and limitations
The benchmark originated in the SCX.ai MAGPiE evaluation project. Original curation metadata records difficulty, obscurity, quality, decisions, and source-row mappings; these are dataset ratings, not model scores.
The original references date from November 2025 and have not been fact-checked again. Original item-level sources and reuse rights are not established. Exact duplicate removal does not eliminate paraphrases, and alternate references may differ in precision. The dataset has no documented representative sampling frame or validated pass threshold.
Version history
| Version | Changes |
|---|---|
| 0.1 | Original 1,000-row curated dataset. |
| 0.2 | Merged duplicate questions: 984 questions, 998 references; added stable IDs, a test split, and separate curation metadata. |
| 0.3 | Added 16 source-checked questions: 1,000 unique questions and 1,014 references. |
| 0.4 | Added 500 source-linked, multi-model-reviewed questions: 1,500 unique questions and 1,514 references. |
The 16 additions were authored by OpenAI Codex on 14 October 2026 and fixed before model evaluation. They cover Australian English, culture/media/sport, civics, and history/Indigenous topics (3 each), plus geography and wildlife (2 each). Difficulty estimates at levels 1–4 are 2/7/6/1. This distribution is editorial; the original 984 questions and references are unchanged.
Files: original source, curation audit, additions and sources, addition metadata, and release manifest. Historical filenames retain their original identifiers.
The 500-question supplement (0.4)
Claude Opus 5.5 (Anthropic) authored the 500 questions and one-sentence references on 14 October 2026, working as 11 parallel authoring agents with one topic slice each. Each agent was given the existing questions to avoid repeats and an item-level source requirement. The supplement was frozen before any model was evaluated on it. The 0.3 questions and references are unchanged and form the first 1,000 rows.
| Area | Questions | Slices |
|---|---|---|
| Australian English | 90 | slang and vernacular; spelling, usage and regional vocabulary |
| Culture, media, and sport | 135 | food, drink and customs; arts and media; sport |
| Civic knowledge and everyday systems | 90 | civics and law; tax, health, work, education, housing and transport |
| History and Indigenous topics | 90 | national history; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, cultures and history |
| Geography and travel | 50 | places, regions, landmarks, time zones and external territories |
| Wildlife and safety | 45 | fauna, flora, environment, bushfire, beach and first-aid guidance |
Difficulty estimates at levels 1–4 are 69/219/166/46, close to the original curation distribution. Questions avoid current office-holders, changeable amounts and "latest" results.
Review. Two SCX.ai-hosted models, MiniMax-M3 and GLM-5.3-Flash, independently rated each candidate for Australian fit (1–5), reference correctness, ambiguity and time-stability. A calibration run accepted all 16 version 0.3 additions and rejected four planted faults. Candidates passed only if both judges accepted them with no flag. Claude adjudicated every flagged item against sources: it was kept, revised and re-reviewed by both judges, or dropped. Judges were sometimes wrong, and those objections were overruled with recorded evidence. Claude then read every remaining candidate and removed overlapping, answer-leaking or weakly attested items. Near-duplicates against earlier questions and within the supplement were flagged with E5-Mistral-7B-Instruct embeddings (cosine ≥ 0.82) and resolved by hand.
Of 608 drafts, 26 were dropped and 500 were selected: 45 per slice (50 for geography), keeping each slice's difficulty mix and ranking by the judges' summed fit scores. No model answers were used in selection. Of those selected, 479 passed both judges unchanged, 10 were revised then passed, and 11 were kept after adjudication. Per-item topic, difficulty, source URL, both judges' ratings and adjudication notes are in addition metadata.
Limitations. The questions are model-authored and the judges are models; no independent human expert review has been done. Of the 500 source links, 331 are Wikipedia, because the authoring agents' web-search allowance ran out and later facts were checked by fetching pages directly. A few sources are JavaScript-rendered or block automated access, so they could not be machine-verified. Australian first-aid answers follow Australian guidance current in October 2026 and are evaluation material, not medical advice.
Files: additions and sources, addition metadata, release manifest and build script.
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