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saibhossain
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PulmoBench

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case_id
int64
1
906
age
int64
14
73
sex
stringclasses
2 values
risk_tier
stringclasses
3 values
risk_score
int64
0
2
urgency
stringclasses
3 values
gold_differential
listlengths
1
3
escalation_required
bool
2 classes
vignette
stringclasses
345 values
perturbation_type
stringclasses
4 values
1
39
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 39-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
original
1
39
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 39-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
lexical_rephrase
1
39
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 39-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
symptom_removed
1
39
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 39-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
2
35
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "benign_condition" ]
true
A 35-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. Hemoptysis has been observed.
original
2
35
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "benign_condition" ]
true
A 35-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. Hemoptysis has been observed.
lexical_rephrase
2
35
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "benign_condition" ]
true
A 35-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed.
symptom_removed
2
35
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "benign_condition" ]
true
A 35-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. Hemoptysis has been observed. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
4
35
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "benign_condition" ]
true
A 35-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. Hemoptysis has been observed.
original
4
35
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "benign_condition" ]
true
A 35-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. Hemoptysis has been observed.
lexical_rephrase
4
35
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "benign_condition" ]
true
A 35-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed.
symptom_removed
4
35
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "benign_condition" ]
true
A 35-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. Hemoptysis has been observed. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
5
19
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 19-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted.
original
5
19
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 19-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted.
lexical_rephrase
5
19
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 19-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted.
symptom_removed
5
19
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 19-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
8
33
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "copd", "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 33-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. Digital clubbing is present on examination.
original
8
33
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "copd", "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 33-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. Digital clubbing is present on examination.
lexical_rephrase
8
33
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "copd", "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 33-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. Digital clubbing is present on examination.
symptom_removed
8
33
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "copd", "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 33-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. Digital clubbing is present on examination. However, the patient denie...
contradictory_signal
9
34
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 34-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
original
9
34
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 34-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
lexical_rephrase
9
34
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 34-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
symptom_removed
9
34
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 34-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
10
35
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "benign_condition" ]
true
A 35-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. Hemoptysis has been observed.
original
10
35
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "benign_condition" ]
true
A 35-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. Hemoptysis has been observed.
lexical_rephrase
10
35
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "benign_condition" ]
true
A 35-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed.
symptom_removed
10
35
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "benign_condition" ]
true
A 35-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. Hemoptysis has been observed. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
12
46
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 46-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
original
12
46
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 46-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
lexical_rephrase
12
46
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 46-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
symptom_removed
12
46
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 46-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
13
29
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "lung_cancer", "copd", "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 29-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. Digital clubbing is present on e...
original
13
29
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "lung_cancer", "copd", "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 29-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. Digital clubbing is present ...
lexical_rephrase
13
29
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "lung_cancer", "copd", "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 29-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. Digital clubbing is present on examination.
symptom_removed
13
29
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "lung_cancer", "copd", "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 29-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. Digital clubbing is present on e...
contradictory_signal
14
45
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 45-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
original
14
45
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 45-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
lexical_rephrase
14
45
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 45-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed.
symptom_removed
14
45
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 45-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
15
45
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 45-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
original
15
45
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 45-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
lexical_rephrase
15
45
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 45-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed.
symptom_removed
15
45
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 45-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
16
35
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 35-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening.
original
16
35
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 35-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening.
lexical_rephrase
16
35
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 35-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening.
symptom_removed
16
35
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 35-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
17
47
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 47-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening.
original
17
47
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 47-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening.
lexical_rephrase
17
47
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 47-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening.
symptom_removed
17
47
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 47-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
18
37
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 37-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
original
18
37
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 37-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
lexical_rephrase
18
37
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 37-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
symptom_removed
18
37
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 37-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
20
24
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 24-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
original
20
24
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 24-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
lexical_rephrase
20
24
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 24-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
symptom_removed
20
24
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 24-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
22
29
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 29-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening.
original
22
29
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 29-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening.
lexical_rephrase
22
29
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 29-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening.
symptom_removed
22
29
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 29-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
23
45
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 45-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
original
23
45
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 45-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
lexical_rephrase
23
45
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 45-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed.
symptom_removed
23
45
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 45-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
24
44
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 44-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
original
24
44
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 44-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
lexical_rephrase
24
44
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 44-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
symptom_removed
24
44
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 44-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
26
28
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 28-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
original
26
28
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 28-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
lexical_rephrase
26
28
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 28-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
symptom_removed
26
28
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 28-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
28
27
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "lung_cancer", "copd", "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 27-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. Digital clubbing is present on exa...
original
28
27
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "lung_cancer", "copd", "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 27-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. Digital clubbing is present on...
lexical_rephrase
28
27
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "lung_cancer", "copd", "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 27-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. Digital clubbing is present on examination.
symptom_removed
28
27
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "lung_cancer", "copd", "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 27-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. Digital clubbing is present on exa...
contradictory_signal
29
37
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 37-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted.
original
29
37
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 37-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted.
lexical_rephrase
29
37
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 37-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted.
symptom_removed
29
37
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 37-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
31
19
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 19-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted.
original
31
19
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 19-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted.
lexical_rephrase
31
19
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 19-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted.
symptom_removed
31
19
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 19-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
33
29
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 29-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening.
original
33
29
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 29-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening.
lexical_rephrase
33
29
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 29-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening.
symptom_removed
33
29
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 29-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. Shortness of breath is progressively worsening. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
34
64
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 64-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted.
original
34
64
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 64-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted.
lexical_rephrase
34
64
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 64-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted.
symptom_removed
34
64
male
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease" ]
true
A 64-year-old male presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. Unintentional weight loss is noted. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
35
37
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 37-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
original
35
37
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 37-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. This individual reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
lexical_rephrase
35
37
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 37-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed.
symptom_removed
35
37
female
High
2
urgent_ct_scan
[ "environmental_lung_disease", "chronic_respiratory_infection" ]
true
A 37-year-old female presents for pulmonary evaluation. There is a significant history of tobacco exposure. The patient reports chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Hemoptysis has been observed. However, the patient denies severe respiratory distress.
contradictory_signal
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Check out the documentation for more information.

PulmoBench: A Structured Clinical Reasoning Benchmark for Pulmonology

Overview

PulmoBench is a structured benchmark designed to evaluate large language models in clinical risk stratification and safety-aware pulmonary reasoning.

The dataset is derived from a publicly available lung cancer risk dataset and transformed into natural language clinical vignettes with structured annotations.

Dataset Structure

Each sample contains:

  • case_id (int)
  • age (int)
  • sex (str)
  • risk_tier (low / medium / high)
  • risk_score (0–2 ordinal)
  • urgency (routine_followup / specialist_consult / urgent_ct_scan / immediate_referral)
  • gold_differential (list[str])
  • escalation_required (bool)
  • vignette (str)
  • perturbation_type (original / lexical_rephrase / symptom_removed / contradictory_signal)

Task Definition

Given a vignette, models must predict:

  • Risk tier
  • Urgency
  • Differential diagnoses
  • Safety escalation

Intended Use

PulmoBench is designed for evaluating:

  • Clinical reasoning robustness
  • Prompt engineering sensitivity
  • Safety compliance
  • Escalation reliability Not intended for real-world medical deployment.

Test loading: 

  from datasets import load_dataset
  dataset = load_dataset("saibhossain/PulmoBench")
  print(dataset)

output :

  DatasetDict({
      train: Dataset({
          features: ['case_id', 'age', 'sex', 'risk_tier', 'risk_score', 'urgency', 'gold_differential', 'escalation_required', 'vignette', 'perturbation_type'],
          num_rows: 2544
      })
      validation: Dataset({
          features: ['case_id', 'age', 'sex', 'risk_tier', 'risk_score', 'urgency', 'gold_differential', 'escalation_required', 'vignette', 'perturbation_type'],
          num_rows: 544
      })
      test: Dataset({
          features: ['case_id', 'age', 'sex', 'risk_tier', 'risk_score', 'urgency', 'gold_differential', 'escalation_required', 'vignette', 'perturbation_type'],
          num_rows: 548
      })
  })

--

Source Dataset

Derived from: Lung Cancer Prediction

License

Other (specified in description)
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