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art-1-1-purpose | 1 | 1 | null | ["other"] | scope-or-definition | not-tier-specific | The Regulation states its purpose as improving the internal market, promoting human-centric trustworthy AI, and protecting health, safety, fundamental rights, democracy, rule of law and the environment. | "The purpose of this Regulation is to improve the functioning of the internal market and promote the uptake of human-centric and trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI), while ensuring a high level of protection of health, safety, fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter, including democracy, the rule of law and en... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | null | null | medium | Frames how AI obligations apply to legal technology, court systems and public-sector uses of AI. | [] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_1 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | enacted-2024 |
art-1-2-rules | 1 | 2 | null | ["operator-any", "member-state", "commission"] | scope-or-definition | not-tier-specific | The Regulation lays down harmonised rules on AI systems, prohibitions, high-risk requirements, transparency, GPAI, governance, enforcement and innovation support. | "This Regulation lays down:" | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | null | null | medium | Identifies the regulatory categories that can reach legal-AI vendors, deployers and courts. | [] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_1 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | enacted-2024 |
art-2-1-scope-actors | 2 | 1 | null | ["provider", "deployer", "importer", "distributor", "product-manufacturer", "authorised-representative", "natural-person"] | scope-or-definition | not-tier-specific | The Regulation applies to providers, deployers, importers, distributors, product manufacturers, authorised representatives and affected persons linked to Union-market AI systems or AI outputs used in the Union. | "This Regulation applies to:" | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | null | null | high | EU law firms, courts, in-house legal teams, and non-EU legal-AI vendors can fall in scope where establishment, use, or output is in the Union. | [] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_2 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-2-2-product-scope | 2 | 2 | null | ["provider", "product-manufacturer"] | scope-or-definition | high-risk | For Article 6(1) high-risk AI systems related to Section B Annex I products, only the specified AI Act provisions apply, with Articles 57 to 59 applying only where integrated into that harmonisation law. | "For AI systems classified as high-risk AI systems in accordance with Article 6(1) related to products covered by the Union harmonisation legislation listed in Section B of Annex I, only Article 6(1), Article 60a and Articles 102 to 112 shall apply. Articles 57, 58 and 59 shall apply only in so far as the requirements ... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | null | low | Mostly concerns product-regulated AI rather than ordinary law-firm software, though some legal-sector AI could be embedded in regulated products. | ["Art. 6(1)", "Annex I Section B", "Art. 57", "Art. 58", "Art. 59", "Art. 60a", "Art. 102-112"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_2 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-2-3-national-security-exclusion | 2 | 3 | null | ["member-state", "other"] | derogation-or-exemption | not-tier-specific | The Regulation excludes areas outside Union law and does not affect Member State national-security competences, regardless of the entity entrusted with those tasks. | "This Regulation does not apply to areas outside the scope of Union law, and shall not, in any event, affect the competences of the Member States concerning national security, regardless of the type of entity entrusted by the Member States with carrying out tasks in relation to those competences." | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | null | null | low | May matter in national-security or defence-adjacent public-sector legal contexts, but not ordinary legal practice AI use. | [] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_2 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-2-4-third-country-cooperation | 2 | 4 | null | ["public-authority-deployer", "other"] | derogation-or-exemption | not-tier-specific | Third-country public authorities and international organisations are outside scope when using AI under law-enforcement or judicial-cooperation agreements with adequate fundamental-rights safeguards. | "This Regulation applies neither to public authorities in a third country nor to international organisations falling within the scope of this Regulation pursuant to paragraph 1, where those authorities or organisations use AI systems in the framework of international cooperation or agreements for law enforcement and ju... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | null | null | medium | Relevant to cross-border judicial cooperation where non-EU authorities use AI under agreements with EU or Member State bodies. | [] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_2 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-2-5-intermediary-liability | 2 | 5 | null | ["provider", "other"] | scope-or-definition | not-tier-specific | The Regulation does not affect the Digital Services Act intermediary-liability provisions for providers of intermediary services. | "This Regulation shall not affect the application of the provisions on the liability of providers of intermediary services as set out in Chapter II of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065." | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | null | null | low | Relevant mainly to legal advice about overlapping platform regimes rather than to day-to-day legal AI deployment. | ["Regulation (EU) 2022/2065"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_2 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-2-6-research-development | 2 | 6 | null | ["provider"] | derogation-or-exemption | not-tier-specific | AI systems or AI models, including their output, that are specifically developed and put into service solely for scientific research and development are excluded. | "This Regulation does not apply to AI systems or AI models, including their output, specifically developed and put into service for the sole purpose of scientific research and development." | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | null | null | medium | Legal-AI research prototypes may fall outside the Regulation only where the sole purpose is scientific research and development. | [] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_2 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-2-7-data-protection | 2 | 7 | null | ["operator-any", "union-institution"] | scope-or-definition | not-tier-specific | Union personal-data, privacy and communications-confidentiality law continues to apply to personal data processed in connection with AI Act rights and obligations, subject to Articles 4a and 59. | "Union law on the protection of personal data, privacy and the confidentiality of communications applies to personal data processed in connection with the rights and obligations laid down in this Regulation. Without prejudice to Articles 4a and 59 of this Regulation, this Regulation shall not affect Regulation (EU) 201... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | null | null | high | Legal AI often processes client, case, employee or court-user personal data, so GDPR and law-enforcement data rules remain independently relevant. | ["Art. 4a", "Art. 59", "Regulation (EU) 2016/679", "Regulation (EU) 2018/1725", "Directive 2002/58/EC", "Directive (EU) 2016/680"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_2 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-2-8-pre-market-testing | 2 | 8 | null | ["provider"] | derogation-or-exemption | not-tier-specific | Pre-market research, testing and development activities for AI systems or models are excluded, but those activities must follow applicable Union law and real-world testing is not covered by the exclusion. | "This Regulation does not apply to any research, testing or development activity regarding AI systems or AI models prior to their being placed on the market or put into service. Such activities shall be conducted in accordance with applicable Union law. Testing in real world conditions shall not be covered by that excl... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | null | null | medium | Legal-AI vendors can prototype before market release, but real-world pilots with clients or courts are not covered by this exclusion. | [] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_2 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-2-9-consumer-product-safety | 2 | 9 | null | ["operator-any"] | scope-or-definition | not-tier-specific | The Regulation is without prejudice to other Union legal acts related to consumer protection and product safety. | "This Regulation is without prejudice to the rules laid down by other Union legal acts related to consumer protection and product safety." | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | null | null | low | Relevant mainly to legal advice about overlapping regimes rather than to day-to-day legal AI deployment. | [] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_2 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-2-10-personal-use | 2 | 10 | null | ["natural-person", "deployer"] | derogation-or-exemption | not-tier-specific | Deployer obligations do not apply to natural persons using AI systems in the course of a purely personal, non-professional activity. | "This Regulation does not apply to obligations of deployers who are natural persons using AI systems in the course of a purely personal non-professional activity." | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | null | null | medium | The exclusion does not cover professional use by lawyers, legal staff, in-house teams or court personnel. | [] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_2 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-2-11-worker-protection | 2 | 11 | null | ["member-state"] | scope-or-definition | not-tier-specific | The Union and Member States may maintain or introduce worker-protective rules on employers’ use of AI and may encourage or allow more favourable collective agreements. | "This Regulation does not preclude the Union or Member States from maintaining or introducing laws, regulations or administrative provisions which are more favourable to workers in terms of protecting their rights in respect of the use of AI systems by employers, or from encouraging or allowing the application of colle... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | null | null | medium | Law firms, legal departments and courts using workplace AI may also face employment-law rules more protective than the AI Act baseline. | [] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_2 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-2-12-open-source | 2 | 12 | null | ["provider"] | derogation-or-exemption | not-tier-specific | AI systems released under free and open-source licences are excluded unless they are placed on the market or put into service as high-risk systems or systems falling under Article 5 or 50. | "This Regulation does not apply to AI systems released under free and open-source licences, unless they are placed on the market or put into service as high-risk AI systems or as an AI system that falls under Article 5 or 50." | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | null | null | medium | Open-source legal-AI tools can still be in scope if placed on the market or used as high-risk, prohibited-practice or transparency-risk systems. | ["Art. 5", "Art. 50"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_2 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-2-13-annex-i-limited-application | 2 | 13 | null | ["provider", "product-manufacturer"] | derogation-or-exemption | high-risk | For Article 6(1) high-risk systems, specific requirements or obligations in Articles 9 to 15 and 17 to 25 may be limited where Annex I Section A law gives equivalent or higher protection without reducing the overall AI Act level. | "For high-risk AI systems referred to in Article 6(1), the application of specific requirements or obligations laid down in Articles 9 to 15 and 17 to 25 may be limited, where and to the extent that:" | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | low | Mainly affects product-regulated AI supply chains rather than ordinary legal AI, but it can affect providers of AI embedded in regulated products. | ["Art. 6(1)", "Annex I Section A", "Art. 9-15", "Art. 17-25"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_2 | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-4-1-ai-literacy-support | 4 | 1 | null | ["provider", "deployer"] | requirement | all-ai-systems | Providers and deployers must take measures to support development of AI literacy for staff and others operating or using AI systems on their behalf, taking role, context and affected persons into account. | "Providers and deployers of AI systems shall take measures to support the development of AI literacy of their staff and other persons dealing with the operation and use of AI systems on their behalf, taking into account their technical knowledge, experience, education and training and the context the AI systems are to ... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | null | null | high | Direct for every law firm, legal team, court or legal-AI vendor whose staff operate or use AI systems. | ["Art. 3(56)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_4 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-4-1-no-specific-literacy-guarantee | 4 | 1 | limitation | ["provider", "deployer"] | scope-or-definition | all-ai-systems | Article 4 does not require providers or deployers to guarantee any specific level of AI literacy for any individual. | "This obligation does not require providers or deployers to guarantee any specific level of AI literacy of any individual." | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | high | Clarifies the softened AI-literacy duty for legal employers and vendors: the obligation is to take supporting measures, not to guarantee individual attainment. | ["Art. 3(56)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_4 | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-4-2-commission-member-state-support | 4 | 2 | null | ["commission", "member-state"] | support-measure | all-ai-systems | The Commission and Member States must support and facilitate provider and deployer efforts on AI literacy, and the Commission must publish practical compliance examples on the Article 62 platform. | "The Commission and the Member States shall support and facilitate the efforts of providers and deployers of AI systems, in particular SMEs, in fulfilling their obligation under paragraph 1 of this Article. For that purpose, the Commission shall publish practical examples of how to comply with that obligation on the si... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | high | The support and examples will shape how legal practices and legal-AI vendors evidence AI-literacy measures. | ["Art. 4(1)", "Art. 62(3)(b)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_4 | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-4-3-board-ai-literacy-recommendations | 4 | 3 | null | ["ai-board"] | support-measure | all-ai-systems | The Board must adopt recommendations, taking European competence frameworks into account, to support AI-literacy promotion and set common objectives. | "The Board shall adopt recommendations, taking into account European competence frameworks, to support the Commission and Member States in the promotion of AI literacy required under paragraph 1, including by setting out common objectives." | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | medium | Board recommendations can inform AI-literacy programmes for legal deployers and legal-AI providers, but they are institutional guidance. | ["Art. 4(1)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_4 | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-4a-1-high-risk-special-category-processing | 4a | 1 | null | ["provider"] | derogation-or-exemption | high-risk | High-risk AI providers may exceptionally process special categories of personal data only to the extent strictly necessary for bias detection and correction and subject to safeguards and the listed conditions. | "To the extent strictly necessary to ensure bias detection and correction in relation to high-risk AI systems in accordance with Article 10(2), points (f) and (g), of this Regulation, providers of such systems may exceptionally process special categories of personal data, subject to appropriate safeguards for the funda... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | high | Legal-AI vendors providing high-risk judicial or public-sector systems may rely on this narrow processing permission for bias work. | ["Art. 10(2)(f)", "Art. 10(2)(g)", "Regulation (EU) 2016/679", "Regulation (EU) 2018/1725", "Directive (EU) 2016/680"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_4a | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-4a-1-a-no-effective-alternative-data | 4a | 1 | a | ["provider"] | data-governance | high-risk | Special-category processing for high-risk bias detection and correction is conditioned on the objective not being effectively fulfilled by other data, including synthetic or anonymised data. | "the bias detection and correction cannot be effectively fulfilled by processing other data, including synthetic or anonymised data;" | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | high | Important for legal-AI providers handling sensitive client, litigant, employee or court-user data during bias testing. | ["Art. 10(2)(f)", "Art. 10(2)(g)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_4a | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-4a-1-b-reuse-security-privacy-limits | 4a | 1 | b | ["provider"] | data-governance | high-risk | Special-category data must be subject to technical limits on reuse and state-of-the-art security and privacy-preserving measures, including pseudonymisation. | "the special categories of personal data are subject to technical limitations on the re-use of personal data, and state-of-the-art security and privacy-preserving measures, including pseudonymisation;" | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | high | Legal-AI providers processing sensitive attributes for bias work must account for reuse limits, security and privacy-preserving techniques. | ["Art. 10(2)(f)", "Art. 10(2)(g)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_4a | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-4a-1-c-access-controls-confidentiality | 4a | 1 | c | ["provider"] | data-governance | high-risk | Special-category data must be secured with suitable safeguards, strict access controls and access documentation so only authorised persons with confidentiality obligations can access it. | "the special categories of personal data are subject to measures to ensure that the personal data processed are secured and protected, subject to suitable safeguards, including strict controls and documentation of the access, to avoid misuse and to ensure that only authorised persons have access to those personal data ... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | high | Highly relevant where legal-AI providers use sensitive case, client, staff or litigant data to detect or correct bias. | ["Art. 10(2)(f)", "Art. 10(2)(g)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_4a | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-4a-1-d-no-third-party-transfer | 4a | 1 | d | ["provider"] | data-governance | high-risk | Special-category personal data processed under Article 4a(1) must not be transmitted, transferred or otherwise accessed by other parties. | "the special categories of personal data are not transmitted, transferred or otherwise accessed by other parties;" | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | high | Important for legal-AI vendors because sensitive legal datasets may not be shared onward under this bias-processing route. | ["Art. 10(2)(f)", "Art. 10(2)(g)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_4a | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-4a-1-e-delete-after-correction-or-retention | 4a | 1 | e | ["provider"] | data-governance | high-risk | Special-category personal data must be deleted once the bias is corrected or the data reaches the end of its retention period, whichever occurs first. | "the special categories of personal data are deleted once the bias has been corrected or the personal data has reached the end of its retention period, whichever comes first; and" | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | high | Relevant to legal-AI vendors’ retention of sensitive bias-testing data derived from clients, workers, litigants or public users. | ["Art. 10(2)(f)", "Art. 10(2)(g)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_4a | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-4a-1-f-processing-record-reasons | 4a | 1 | f | ["provider"] | documentation | high-risk | Records of processing activities must state why special-category processing was strictly necessary for bias detection and correction and why other data could not achieve the objective. | "the records of processing activities pursuant to Regulations (EU) 2016/679 and (EU) 2018/1725 and Directive (EU) 2016/680 include the reasons why the processing of special categories of personal data was strictly necessary to detect and correct biases, and why that objective could not be achieved by processing other d... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | high | Legal-AI providers need records explaining the necessity of sensitive-data processing when relying on Article 4a for bias work. | ["Regulation (EU) 2016/679", "Regulation (EU) 2018/1725", "Directive (EU) 2016/680"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_4a | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-4a-2-other-systems-processing-scope | 4a | 2 | null | ["provider", "deployer", "gpai-provider"] | derogation-or-exemption | all-ai-systems | Providers and deployers of other AI systems and models, and deployers of high-risk AI systems, may exceptionally process special categories of personal data only within the Article 4a(2) limits. | "Providers and deployers of other AI systems and models and deployers of high-risk AI systems may exceptionally process special categories of personal data to the extent that:" | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | high | This can reach law firms, courts and legal-AI vendors that process sensitive data to detect or correct bias in non-high-risk or model contexts. | ["Art. 4a(1)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_4a | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-4a-2-a-strict-necessity-other-systems | 4a | 2 | a | ["provider", "deployer", "gpai-provider"] | data-governance | all-ai-systems | For other AI systems and models and high-risk deployers, special-category processing must be strictly necessary for bias detection and correction involving likely health, safety, fundamental-rights or discrimination impacts. | "such processing is strictly necessary to ensure bias detection and correction in view of possible biases that are likely to affect the health and safety of persons, have a negative impact on fundamental rights or lead to discrimination prohibited pursuant to Union law, especially where data outputs influence inputs fo... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | high | Relevant to legal practices and vendors testing AI outputs that may feed future operations and create discrimination or rights risks. | ["Art. 4a(1)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_4a | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-4a-2-b-apply-paragraph-one-safeguards | 4a | 2 | b | ["provider", "deployer", "gpai-provider"] | data-governance | all-ai-systems | The exceptional processing route for other AI systems and models, and for deployers of high-risk systems, requires all Article 4a(1) conditions and safeguards to be applied. | "all of the conditions and safeguards set out in paragraph 1 are applied." | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | high | Legal deployers and vendors using sensitive data for bias work must import the paragraph 1 safeguards into this broader processing route. | ["Art. 4a(1)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_4a | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-1a-a-provider-scope-intimate-material | 5 | 1 | 1a(a) | ["provider", "operator-any"] | scope-or-definition | prohibited-practice | For the new intimate-material and child-sexual-abuse-material prohibitions, placing on the market or putting into service is prohibited only where generation or manipulation is intended or reasonably foreseeable and safeguards are inadequate. | "the placing on the market or putting into service of an AI system that generates or manipulates the material or performance referred to in paragraph 1, first subparagraph, point (ba) or (bb) is only prohibited where: (i) that generation or manipulation is the intended purpose of the AI system; or (ii) the system’s des... | 2026-12-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | Art. 99(3) | high | Defines when legal-AI providers and vendors face the new Article 5(1)(ba) and (bb) market-placement prohibition. | ["Art. 5(1)(ba)", "Art. 5(1)(bb)", "Art. 99(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-1a-b-deployer-purpose-scope | 5 | 1 | 1a(b) | ["deployer"] | scope-or-definition | prohibited-practice | For the new intimate-material and child-sexual-abuse-material prohibitions, use is prohibited only where the deployer uses the system for the purpose of generating or manipulating that material or performance. | "the use of an AI system that generates or manipulates the material or performance referred to in paragraph 1, first subparagraph, points (ba) and (bb) is only prohibited where the deployer uses the system for the purpose of generating or manipulating such material or performance." | 2026-12-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | Art. 99(3) | high | Defines when law firms, courts, investigators or other legal deployers fall within the new use prohibition. | ["Art. 5(1)(ba)", "Art. 5(1)(bb)", "Art. 99(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-1b-non-increased-exposure-exclusion | 5 | 1 | 1b | ["operator-any"] | scope-or-definition | prohibited-practice | For Article 5(1)(ba), manipulation does not include changes that do not increase exposure of depicted intimate parts or alter the nature of depicted sexually explicit activities. | "For the purposes of paragraph 1, first subparagraph, point (ba), an AI system that manipulates material in a way that does not increase the exposure of any depicted intimate parts or alter the nature of any depicted sexually explicit activities shall not constitute manipulation." | 2026-12-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | Art. 99(3) | medium | Relevant to evidence handling, redaction or forensic image work where changes do not increase exposure or alter the sexual nature of depicted activity. | ["Art. 5(1)(ba)", "Art. 99(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-1-a-subliminal-manipulation | 5 | 1 | a | ["provider", "deployer", "operator-any"] | prohibition | prohibited-practice | Providers, deployers and other operators are prohibited from placing on the market, putting into service or using AI systems deploying subliminal, manipulative or deceptive techniques that materially distort decisions and cause or are likely to cause significant harm. | "the placing on the market, the putting into service or the use of an AI system that deploys subliminal techniques beyond a person’s consciousness or purposefully manipulative or deceptive techniques, with the objective, or the effect of materially distorting the behaviour of a person or a group of persons by appreciab... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(1)-(2) is without prejudice to Article 5 applying under Art. 113(a). | Art. 99(3) | high | Client-facing or internal legal AI must not manipulate users, witnesses, consumers or staff into harmful decisions. | ["Art. 99(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-1-b-vulnerability-exploitation | 5 | 1 | b | ["provider", "deployer", "operator-any"] | prohibition | prohibited-practice | Providers, deployers and other operators are prohibited from AI systems that exploit vulnerabilities linked to age, disability or social or economic situation and materially distort behaviour causing or likely causing significant harm. | "the placing on the market, the putting into service or the use of an AI system that exploits any of the vulnerabilities of a natural person or a specific group of persons due to their age, disability or a specific social or economic situation, with the objective, or the effect, of materially distorting the behaviour o... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(1)-(2) is without prejudice to Article 5 applying under Art. 113(a). | Art. 99(3) | high | Legal services, courts and vendors must avoid AI that exploits vulnerable clients, litigants, witnesses, employees or consumers. | ["Art. 99(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-1-ba-non-consensual-intimate-material | 5 | 1 | ba | ["provider", "deployer", "operator-any"] | prohibition | prohibited-practice | Providers, deployers and other operators are prohibited from AI systems that generate or manipulate realistic intimate or sexually explicit material of identifiable natural persons without freely given, specific, informed, unambiguous and explicit consent. | "the placing on the market, the putting into service or the use of an AI system that generates or manipulates realistic images, videos, audio or similar material of an identifiable natural person’s intimate parts, or of an identifiable natural person engaged in sexually explicit activities, without that person’s freely... | 2026-12-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | Art. 99(3) | high | Legal practices and vendors must avoid tools that create non-consensual intimate material, including in evidence, investigations, employment or client-facing contexts. | ["Art. 99(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-1-bb-child-sexual-abuse-material | 5 | 1 | bb | ["provider", "deployer", "operator-any"] | prohibition | prohibited-practice | Providers, deployers and other operators are prohibited from AI systems that generate or manipulate child sexual abuse material or performances within Directive 2011/93/EU, except where a national-law without-right defence applies. | "the placing on the market, the putting into service or the use of an AI system that generates or manipulates material or performance within the meaning of Article 2, points (c) and (e), of Directive 2011/93/EU, except where a ‘without right’ defence applies under national law;" | 2026-12-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | Art. 99(3) | high | High relevance for legal, investigative and platform-advice contexts involving synthetic or manipulated child sexual abuse material. | ["Art. 99(3)", "Directive 2011/93/EU"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-1-c-social-scoring | 5 | 1 | c | ["provider", "deployer", "operator-any"] | prohibition | prohibited-practice | Providers, deployers and other operators are prohibited from AI social-scoring systems that evaluate or classify people over time and lead to unrelated, unjustified or disproportionate detrimental treatment. | "the placing on the market, the putting into service or the use of AI systems for the evaluation or classification of natural persons or groups of persons over a certain period of time based on their social behaviour or known, inferred or predicted personal or personality characteristics, with the social score leading ... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(1)-(2) is without prejudice to Article 5 applying under Art. 113(a). | Art. 99(3) | high | Relevant to public bodies, courts or legal organisations considering reputation, risk or eligibility scoring of natural persons. | ["Art. 99(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-1-d-criminal-risk-profiling | 5 | 1 | d | ["provider", "deployer", "operator-any"] | prohibition | prohibited-practice | Providers, deployers and other operators are prohibited from AI systems making criminal-offence risk assessments based solely on profiling or personality traits, subject to the objective-facts support exception. | "the placing on the market, the putting into service for this specific purpose, or the use of an AI system for making risk assessments of natural persons in order to assess or predict the risk of a natural person committing a criminal offence, based solely on the profiling of a natural person or on assessing their pers... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(1)-(2) is without prejudice to Article 5 applying under Art. 113(a). | Art. 99(3) | high | Highly relevant to criminal-justice, court and law-enforcement legal contexts using risk assessment or decision-support tools. | ["Art. 99(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-1-e-facial-scraping | 5 | 1 | e | ["provider", "deployer", "operator-any"] | prohibition | prohibited-practice | Providers, deployers and other operators are prohibited from AI systems that create or expand facial-recognition databases through untargeted scraping from the internet or CCTV footage. | "the placing on the market, the putting into service for this specific purpose, or the use of AI systems that create or expand facial recognition databases through the untargeted scraping of facial images from the internet or CCTV footage;" | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(1)-(2) is without prejudice to Article 5 applying under Art. 113(a). | Art. 99(3) | medium | Relevant where legal teams, investigators or vendors might source biometric datasets for identification or evidence-related tools. | ["Art. 99(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-1-f-workplace-emotion | 5 | 1 | f | ["provider", "deployer", "operator-any"] | prohibition | prohibited-practice | Providers, deployers and other operators are prohibited from AI systems to infer emotions in workplaces or educational institutions, except where the system is for medical or safety reasons. | "the placing on the market, the putting into service for this specific purpose, or the use of AI systems to infer emotions of a natural person in the areas of workplace and education institutions, except where the use of the AI system is intended to be put in place or into the market for medical or safety reasons;" | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(1)-(2) is without prejudice to Article 5 applying under Art. 113(a). | Art. 99(3) | high | Direct for law firms, courts and legal departments as employers considering emotion-recognition tools for staff or training settings. | ["Art. 99(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-1-g-sensitive-biometric-categorisation | 5 | 1 | g | ["provider", "deployer", "operator-any"] | prohibition | prohibited-practice | Providers, deployers and other operators are prohibited from biometric categorisation systems that infer sensitive traits such as race, political opinions, religion, sex life or sexual orientation. | "the placing on the market, the putting into service for this specific purpose, or the use of biometric categorisation systems that categorise individually natural persons based on their biometric data to deduce or infer their race, political opinions, trade union membership, religious or philosophical beliefs, sex lif... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(1)-(2) is without prejudice to Article 5 applying under Art. 113(a). | Art. 99(3) | high | Relevant to legal AI, e-discovery or court/security tools that process biometric data about clients, staff, litigants or the public. | ["Art. 99(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-1-h-real-time-rbi-law-enforcement | 5 | 1 | h | ["public-authority-deployer"] | prohibition | prohibited-practice | Law-enforcement use of real-time remote biometric identification in publicly accessible spaces is prohibited except where strictly necessary for the listed serious objectives. | "the use of ‘real-time’ remote biometric identification systems in publicly accessible spaces for the purposes of law enforcement, unless and in so far as such use is strictly necessary for one of the following objectives: (i) the targeted search for specific victims of abduction, trafficking in human beings or sexual ... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(1)-(2) is without prejudice to Article 5 applying under Art. 113(a). | Art. 99(3) | high | Relevant to courts and legal oversight because use requires strict necessity and judicial or independent authorisation safeguards. | ["Art. 99(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-2-rbi-conditions | 5 | 2 | null | ["public-authority-deployer"] | requirement | prohibited-practice | Permitted law-enforcement use of real-time remote biometric identification must only confirm the specifically targeted individual and must account for the situation and rights-and-freedoms consequences. | "The use of ‘real-time’ remote biometric identification systems in publicly accessible spaces for the purposes of law enforcement for any of the objectives referred to in paragraph 1, first subparagraph, point (h), shall be deployed for the purposes set out in that point only to confirm the identity of the specifically... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(1)-(2) is without prejudice to Article 5 applying under Art. 113(a). | Art. 99(3) | high | Courts and public bodies may be involved because this use requires strict safeguards and can affect fundamental rights. | ["Art. 5(1)(h)", "Art. 99(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-3-rbi-authorisation | 5 | 3 | null | ["public-authority-deployer", "other"] | requirement | prohibited-practice | Each law-enforcement use of real-time remote biometric identification in publicly accessible spaces must receive prior judicial or independent administrative authorisation, with urgent-use limits and deletion if refused. | "For the purposes of paragraph 1, first subparagraph, point (h) and paragraph 2, each use for the purposes of law enforcement of a ‘real-time’ remote biometric identification system in publicly accessible spaces shall be subject to a prior authorisation granted by a judicial authority or an independent administrative a... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(1)-(2) is without prejudice to Article 5 applying under Art. 113(a). | Art. 99(3) | high | Directly relevant to judicial authorities or independent bodies that authorise biometric identification and to legal challenges to such use. | ["Art. 5(1)(h)", "Art. 5(2)", "Art. 99(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-4-rbi-notification | 5 | 4 | null | ["public-authority-deployer", "market-surveillance-authority", "national-competent-authority"] | cooperation-with-authorities | prohibited-practice | Each law-enforcement use of real-time remote biometric identification must be notified to the relevant market surveillance authority and national data protection authority under national rules, without sensitive operational data. | "Without prejudice to paragraph 3, each use of a ‘real-time’ remote biometric identification system in publicly accessible spaces for law enforcement purposes shall be notified to the relevant market surveillance authority and the national data protection authority in accordance with the national rules referred to in p... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(1)-(2) is without prejudice to Article 5 applying under Art. 113(a). | Art. 99(3) | medium | Relevant to public-sector legal compliance and oversight of law-enforcement biometric deployments. | ["Art. 5(5)", "Art. 5(6)", "Art. 99(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-5-member-state-rbi-rules | 5 | 5 | null | ["member-state"] | governance-institutional | prohibited-practice | Member States may authorise real-time remote biometric identification for law enforcement only within Article 5 limits, must set detailed national rules, notify the Commission and may impose stricter laws. | "A Member State may decide to provide for the possibility to fully or partially authorise the use of ‘real-time’ remote biometric identification systems in publicly accessible spaces for the purposes of law enforcement within the limits and under the conditions listed in paragraph 1, first subparagraph, point (h), and ... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(1)-(2) is without prejudice to Article 5 applying under Art. 113(a). | null | medium | Relevant to national courts and lawyers because Member State authorising laws shape when biometric evidence or policing tools may be lawful. | ["Art. 5(1)(h)", "Art. 5(2)", "Art. 5(3)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-6-rbi-annual-authority-reports | 5 | 6 | null | ["market-surveillance-authority", "national-competent-authority", "commission"] | monitoring | prohibited-practice | Market surveillance and data protection authorities notified of law-enforcement real-time remote biometric identification use must submit annual reports to the Commission using its template. | "National market surveillance authorities and the national data protection authorities of Member States that have been notified of the use of ‘real-time’ remote biometric identification systems in publicly accessible spaces for law enforcement purposes pursuant to paragraph 4 shall submit to the Commission annual repor... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(1)-(2) is without prejudice to Article 5 applying under Art. 113(a). | null | low | Institutional reporting can inform litigation, policy and public-sector oversight, but it is not a direct law-firm deployer duty. | ["Art. 5(4)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-7-commission-rbi-reports | 5 | 7 | null | ["commission"] | governance-institutional | prohibited-practice | The Commission must publish annual aggregated reports on real-time remote biometric identification in publicly accessible spaces for law-enforcement purposes, excluding sensitive operational data. | "The Commission shall publish annual reports on the use of real-time remote biometric identification systems in publicly accessible spaces for law enforcement purposes, based on aggregated data in Member States on the basis of the annual reports referred to in paragraph 6. Those annual reports shall not include sensiti... | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(1)-(2) is without prejudice to Article 5 applying under Art. 113(a). | null | low | Public reporting may support legal analysis and accountability but does not directly regulate legal practices. | ["Art. 5(6)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-5-8-other-union-law-prohibitions | 5 | 8 | null | ["operator-any"] | scope-or-definition | prohibited-practice | Article 5 does not affect prohibitions that apply where an AI practice infringes other Union law. | "This Article shall not affect the prohibitions that apply where an AI practice infringes other Union law." | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(1)-(2) is without prejudice to Article 5 applying under Art. 113(a). | null | medium | Legal practices and vendors may face other Union-law prohibitions even where Article 5 is not the only applicable rule. | [] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_5 | 2025-02-02 | Art. 113(a) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-1-product-high-risk-classification | 6 | 1 | null | ["provider", "product-manufacturer"] | scope-or-definition | high-risk | An AI system is high-risk under Article 6(1) when it is a safety component or product covered by Annex I harmonisation law and the product or AI product must undergo third-party conformity assessment. | "Irrespective of whether an AI system is placed on the market or put into service independently of the products referred to in points (a) and (b), that AI system shall be considered to be high-risk where both of the following conditions are fulfilled:" | 2028-08-02 | Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) applies transitional treatment to high-risk systems already placed on the market or put into service. | null | low | Mostly relevant to legal advice for product-regulated AI rather than ordinary legal AI, but it may affect vendors embedding AI in regulated products. | ["Annex I"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2027-08-02 | Art. 113(c) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-1a-non-safety-aspects-not-safety-components | 6 | 1 | 1a | ["provider", "product-manufacturer"] | scope-or-definition | high-risk | AI systems used solely for non-safety user assistance, performance optimisation, service efficiency, automation, convenience or quality control do not qualify as safety components for Article 6(1). | "For the purposes of this Regulation, including paragraph 1 of this Article, AI systems that are solely used for non-safety related aspects of user assistance, performance optimisation, service efficiency, automation or convenience or quality control shall not qualify as safety components." | 2028-08-02 | Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | low | Helps distinguish product-regulated AI from non-safety legal or administrative assistance functions embedded in products. | ["Art. 6(1)", "Annex I"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-1b-health-safety-failure-safety-component | 6 | 1 | 1b | ["provider", "product-manufacturer"] | scope-or-definition | high-risk | Notwithstanding the non-safety exclusion, AI systems whose failure or malfunctioning would endanger health and safety qualify as safety components. | "Notwithstanding paragraph 1a, AI systems the failure or malfunctioning of which would endanger health and safety shall qualify as safety components." | 2028-08-02 | Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | low | Relevant mainly to product safety advice and regulated products, rather than ordinary legal AI deployment. | ["Art. 6(1)", "Annex I"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-1c-non-health-safety-conformity-exclusion | 6 | 1 | 1c | ["provider", "product-manufacturer"] | scope-or-definition | high-risk | A product does not satisfy Article 6(1)(b) where third-party conformity assessment is required solely for risks other than health and safety, such as radio spectrum or electromagnetic interference risks that do not affect health and safety. | "A product that is required to undergo a third-party conformity assessment solely due to risks other than risks to health and safety, in particular risks relating to the distribution of radio spectrum or electromagnetic interference that do not affect health and safety, shall not be considered as fulfilling the conditi... | 2028-08-02 | Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, in force 2026-07-27. | null | low | Useful for legal advice on product-regulated AI boundaries and generally indirect for legal-practice AI. | ["Art. 6(1)(b)", "Annex I"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | null | null | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-1-annex-i-product-legislation | 6 | 1 | Annex I | ["provider", "product-manufacturer"] | scope-or-definition | high-risk | Annex I identifies the Union harmonisation legislation used for Article 6(1) product-related high-risk AI classification and related conformity-assessment timing. | "Section A. List of Union harmonisation legislation based on the New Legislative Framework" | 2028-08-02 | Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) applies transitional treatment to high-risk systems already placed on the market or put into service. | null | low | Product-regulated AI is usually outside legal-practice software, but legal advisers and some legal-tech manufacturers may need the product boundary. | ["Art. 6(1)", "Annex I"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2027-08-02 | Art. 113(c) | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-2-annex-iii-high-risk-classification | 6 | 2 | null | ["provider", "deployer", "operator-any"] | scope-or-definition | high-risk | AI systems referred to in Annex III are classified as high-risk in addition to Article 6(1) product-related high-risk systems. | "In addition to the high-risk AI systems referred to in paragraph 1, AI systems referred to in Annex III shall be considered to be high-risk." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | high | Directly relevant to legal-AI providers and public-authority deployers where Annex III includes administration of justice and alternative dispute resolution. | ["Annex III", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-2-annex3-1-biometrics | 6 | 2 | Annex III(1) | ["provider", "deployer", "public-authority-deployer"] | scope-or-definition | high-risk | Annex III point 1 makes permitted biometric systems high-risk, including remote biometric identification, sensitive biometric categorisation and emotion recognition. | "Biometrics, in so far as their use is permitted under relevant Union or national law: remote biometric identification systems. AI systems intended to be used for biometric categorisation, according to sensitive or protected attributes or characteristics based on the inference of those attributes or characteristics; AI... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | high | Relevant to courts, public authorities and legal teams using biometric identification, categorisation or emotion systems. | ["Art. 6(2)", "Annex III point 1"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-2-annex3-2-critical-infrastructure | 6 | 2 | Annex III(2) | ["provider", "deployer", "public-authority-deployer"] | scope-or-definition | high-risk | Annex III point 2 makes AI safety components used in critical digital infrastructure, road traffic or water, gas, heating or electricity supply high-risk. | "Critical infrastructure: AI systems intended to be used as safety components in the management and operation of critical digital infrastructure, road traffic, or in the supply of water, gas, heating or electricity." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | low | Usually indirect for legal practice, but relevant to counsel advising infrastructure operators or disputes over such systems. | ["Art. 6(2)", "Annex III point 2"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-2-annex3-3-education-vocational-training | 6 | 2 | Annex III(3) | ["provider", "deployer", "public-authority-deployer"] | scope-or-definition | high-risk | Annex III point 3 makes specified education and vocational-training AI high-risk, including admissions, learning evaluation, education-level assessment and test-proctoring behaviour monitoring. | "Education and vocational training: AI systems intended to be used to determine access or admission or to assign natural persons to educational and vocational training institutions at all levels; AI systems intended to be used to evaluate learning outcomes, including when those outcomes are used to steer the learning p... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | medium | Relevant to legal education, training providers and employment advice, but less direct than judicial AI. | ["Art. 6(2)", "Annex III point 3"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-2-annex3-4-employment-worker-management | 6 | 2 | Annex III(4) | ["provider", "deployer", "public-authority-deployer"] | scope-or-definition | high-risk | Annex III point 4 makes specified employment, worker-management and self-employment access AI high-risk, including recruitment, promotion, termination, task allocation and worker monitoring. | "Employment, workers’ management and access to self-employment: AI systems intended to be used for the recruitment or selection of natural persons, in particular to place targeted job advertisements, to analyse and filter job applications, and to evaluate candidates; AI systems intended to be used to make decisions aff... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | high | Direct for law firms, legal departments and courts as employers using AI in recruitment or worker management. | ["Art. 6(2)", "Annex III point 4"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-2-annex3-5-essential-services-benefits | 6 | 2 | Annex III(5) | ["provider", "deployer", "public-authority-deployer"] | scope-or-definition | high-risk | Annex III point 5 makes specified AI for essential public benefits, creditworthiness, life and health insurance, emergency dispatch and emergency healthcare triage high-risk. | "Access to and enjoyment of essential private services and essential public services and benefits: AI systems intended to be used by public authorities or on behalf of public authorities to evaluate the eligibility of natural persons for essential public assistance benefits and services, including healthcare services, ... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | medium | Relevant to public-law, benefits, insurance and financial legal work, and to legal-AI vendors serving those sectors. | ["Art. 6(2)", "Annex III point 5"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-2-annex3-6-law-enforcement | 6 | 2 | Annex III(6) | ["provider", "deployer", "public-authority-deployer"] | scope-or-definition | high-risk | Annex III point 6 makes specified permitted law-enforcement AI high-risk, including victim-risk assessment, polygraphs, evidence reliability, offending risk and profiling for criminal investigations. | "Law enforcement, in so far as their use is permitted under relevant Union or national law: AI systems intended to be used by or on behalf of law enforcement authorities, or by Union institutions, bodies, offices or agencies in support of law enforcement authorities or on their behalf to assess the risk of a natural pe... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | high | Highly relevant to criminal justice, evidence, law-enforcement oversight and court-adjacent legal AI. | ["Art. 6(2)", "Annex III point 6"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-2-annex3-7-migration-asylum-border-control | 6 | 2 | Annex III(7) | ["provider", "deployer", "public-authority-deployer"] | scope-or-definition | high-risk | Annex III point 7 makes specified migration, asylum and border-control AI high-risk, including polygraphs, risk assessment, application examination and detection or identification of persons. | "Migration, asylum and border control management, in so far as their use is permitted under relevant Union or national law: AI systems intended to be used by or on behalf of competent public authorities or by Union institutions, bodies, offices or agencies as polygraphs or similar tools; AI systems intended to be used ... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | medium | Relevant to immigration, asylum and public-law legal practice and vendors supporting those authorities. | ["Art. 6(2)", "Annex III point 7"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-2-annex3-8-justice-democratic-processes | 6 | 2 | Annex III(8) | ["provider", "deployer", "public-authority-deployer"] | scope-or-definition | high-risk | Annex III point 8 makes AI for administration of justice and democratic processes high-risk, including AI assisting judicial authorities or alternative dispute resolution with facts and law. | "Administration of justice and democratic processes: AI systems intended to be used by a judicial authority or on their behalf to assist a judicial authority in researching and interpreting facts and the law and in applying the law to a concrete set of facts, or to be used in a similar way in alternative dispute resolu... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | high | Directly reaches legal-AI vendors and court or ADR deployers using AI to research facts or law or apply law to facts. | ["Art. 6(2)", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-3-annex-iii-derogation | 6 | 3 | null | ["provider"] | derogation-or-exemption | high-risk | An Annex III AI system is not high-risk if it does not pose a significant risk of harm to health, safety or fundamental rights, including by not materially influencing decision-making outcomes. | "By derogation from paragraph 2, an AI system referred to in Annex III shall not be considered to be high-risk where it does not pose a significant risk of harm to the health, safety or fundamental rights of natural persons, including by not materially influencing the outcome of decision making." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | high | Legal-AI vendors may rely on this only where an Annex III legal or judicial system does not significantly affect outcomes or rights. | ["Art. 6(2)", "Annex III"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-4-provider-assessment-documentation | 6 | 4 | assessment | ["provider"] | documentation | high-risk | A provider that treats an Annex III AI system as not high-risk must document that assessment before placing the system on the market or putting it into service. | "A provider who considers that an AI system referred to in Annex III is not high-risk shall document its assessment before that system is placed on the market or put into service. Such provider shall be subject to the registration obligation set out in Article 49(2). Upon request of national competent authorities, the ... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | Art. 99(4) | high | Legal-AI vendors asserting that an Annex III judicial or ADR system is not high-risk need documented assessment before market placement or service. | ["Art. 6(3)", "Art. 49(2)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-4-provider-assessment-on-request | 6 | 4 | authority-request | ["provider", "national-competent-authority"] | cooperation-with-authorities | high-risk | On request, the provider must give national competent authorities the documentation supporting its assessment that an Annex III AI system is not high-risk. | "Upon request of national competent authorities, the provider shall provide the documentation of the assessment." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | Art. 99(4) | high | Legal-AI providers may need to provide non-high-risk assessment documentation to regulators for judicial, ADR or employment systems. | ["Art. 6(3)", "Annex III"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-4-provider-registration | 6 | 4 | registration | ["provider"] | registration | high-risk | A provider that considers an Annex III AI system not high-risk remains subject to the Article 49(2) registration obligation. | "Such provider shall be subject to the registration obligation set out in Article 49(2)." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | Art. 99(4) | high | Important for legal-AI vendors whose systems fall within Annex III but are assessed as not high-risk. | ["Art. 49(2)", "Annex III"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-5-commission-guidelines | 6 | 5 | null | ["commission", "ai-board"] | governance-institutional | high-risk | After consulting the Board, the Commission must issue Article 6 implementation guidelines and practical examples of high-risk and non-high-risk AI use cases by 2 February 2026. | "The Commission shall, after consulting the European Artificial Intelligence Board (the ‘Board’), and no later than 2 February 2026, provide guidelines specifying the practical implementation of this Article in line with Article 96 together with a comprehensive list of practical examples of use cases of AI systems that... | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph (general application) | null | null | medium | Guidelines can clarify whether legal, judicial, ADR, employment or public-sector legal AI is high-risk. | ["Art. 96"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-6-delegated-add-derogation-conditions | 6 | 6 | null | ["commission"] | delegated-or-implementing-act | high-risk | The Commission may adopt delegated acts to add or modify Article 6(3) derogation conditions where reliable evidence shows Annex III systems do not pose significant health, safety or fundamental-rights risks. | "The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 97 in order to amend paragraph 3, second subparagraph, of this Article by adding new conditions to those laid down therein, or by modifying them, where there is concrete and reliable evidence of the existence of AI systems that fall under t... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | medium | Could change the boundary for legal-AI systems listed in Annex III, including administration of justice and ADR tools. | ["Art. 6(3)", "Art. 7(1)", "Art. 97", "Annex III"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-7-delegated-delete-derogation-conditions | 6 | 7 | null | ["commission"] | delegated-or-implementing-act | high-risk | The Commission must adopt delegated acts deleting Article 6(3) conditions where reliable evidence shows deletion is necessary to maintain protection of health, safety and fundamental rights. | "The Commission shall adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 97 in order to amend paragraph 3, second subparagraph, of this Article by deleting any of the conditions laid down therein, where there is concrete and reliable evidence that this is necessary to maintain the level of protection of health, safety and... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | medium | Could narrow non-high-risk arguments for legal-AI systems in Annex III if protection of fundamental rights requires it. | ["Art. 6(3)", "Art. 97", "Annex III"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-6-8-amendment-safeguards | 6 | 8 | null | ["commission"] | delegated-or-implementing-act | high-risk | Any amendment to Article 6(3) derogation conditions must not decrease overall protection and must stay consistent with Article 7(1) delegated acts and market and technological developments. | "Any amendment to the conditions laid down in paragraph 3, second subparagraph, adopted in accordance with paragraphs 6 and 7 of this Article shall not decrease the overall level of protection of health, safety and fundamental rights provided for by this Regulation and shall ensure consistency with the delegated acts a... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | medium | Protects against weakening the high-risk boundary for legal-AI systems that can affect courts, ADR, employment or public services. | ["Art. 6(3)", "Art. 7(1)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_6 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-7-1-annex-iii-add-modify | 7 | 1 | null | ["commission"] | delegated-or-implementing-act | high-risk | The Commission may add or modify Annex III high-risk use cases by delegated act when the systems are in Annex III areas and pose equivalent or greater health, safety or fundamental-rights risks. | "The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 97 to amend Annex III by adding or modifying use-cases of high-risk AI systems where both of the following conditions are fulfilled:" | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | medium | Can expand or alter high-risk treatment of legal, judicial, employment or public-service AI use cases. | ["Annex III", "Art. 97"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_7 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-7-2-annex-iii-assessment-criteria | 7 | 2 | null | ["commission"] | delegated-or-implementing-act | high-risk | When assessing whether to amend Annex III, the Commission must consider criteria including purpose, use, data, autonomy, harm, dependence, power imbalance, reversibility, benefits and existing Union-law safeguards. | "When assessing the condition under paragraph 1, point (b), the Commission shall take into account the following criteria:" | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | medium | Criteria such as power imbalance, dependence and redress are significant for justice, ADR, employment and public-authority legal AI. | ["Annex III", "Art. 7(1)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_7 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-7-3-annex-iii-remove | 7 | 3 | null | ["commission"] | delegated-or-implementing-act | high-risk | The Commission may remove high-risk AI systems from Annex III only where they no longer pose significant risks and deletion does not decrease overall protection of health, safety and fundamental rights. | "The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 97 to amend the list in Annex III by removing high-risk AI systems where both of the following conditions are fulfilled:" | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02; systems placed on the market or put into service before the Chapter III date are covered only if significantly changed from that date. | null | medium | Removal could affect legal-AI use cases only if protection is not reduced, including for administration of justice and ADR systems. | ["Annex III", "Art. 97"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_7 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-8-1-section-2-compliance | 8 | 1 | null | ["provider"] | requirement | high-risk | High-risk AI systems must comply with Chapter III Section 2 requirements, taking account of intended purpose, state of the art and the Article 9 risk management system. | "High-risk AI systems shall comply with the requirements laid down in this Section, taking into account their intended purpose as well as the generally acknowledged state of the art on AI and AI-related technologies. The risk management system referred to in Article 9 shall be taken into account when ensuring complianc... | 2027-12-02 | Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI), Art. 1(40), amending Art. 113(c)(i): Art. 6(2)/Annex III high-risk | Art. 111(2): high-risk AI systems placed on the market or put into service before 2026-08-02 are covered only if they are subject to significant design changes from that date; providers and deployers of high-risk AI systems intended for public authorities must take necessary steps to comply by 2030-08-02. Art. 113(c) s... | Art. 99(4) | high | Direct for legal-AI vendors where the system is high-risk under Annex III point 8, including AI used by or for judicial authorities or similarly in ADR. | ["Art. 9", "Chapter III Section 2", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_8 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | enacted-2024 |
art-8-2-product-provider-responsibility | 8 | 2 | null | ["provider", "product-manufacturer"] | requirement | high-risk | Where a product contains a high-risk AI system subject to this Regulation and Annex I Section A harmonisation law, providers are responsible for full compliance with applicable product requirements. | "Where a product contains an AI system, to which the requirements of this Regulation as well as requirements of the Union harmonisation legislation listed in Section A of Annex I apply, providers shall be responsible for ensuring that their product is fully compliant with all applicable requirements under applicable Un... | 2028-08-02 | Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI), Art. 1(40), amending Art. 113(c)(ii): Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk | Art. 111(2): high-risk AI systems placed on the market or put into service before 2026-08-02 are covered only if they are subject to significant design changes from that date; providers and deployers of high-risk AI systems intended for public authorities must take necessary steps to comply by 2030-08-02. Art. 113(c) s... | Art. 99(4) | medium | Relevant for vendors placing legal-sector AI into regulated products; ordinary legal software is usually outside this product-law pathway. | ["Annex I Section A", "Chapter III Section 2"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_8 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | enacted-2024 |
art-9-1-risk-management-system | 9 | 1 | null | ["provider"] | risk-management | high-risk | Providers must establish, implement, document and maintain a risk management system for high-risk AI systems. | "A risk management system shall be established, implemented, documented and maintained in relation to high-risk AI systems." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Core obligation for legal-AI vendors whose systems are high-risk, including judicial or ADR systems under Annex III point 8. | ["Art. 6", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_9 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-9-2-risk-management-process | 9 | 2 | null | ["provider"] | risk-management | high-risk | The risk management system must be a continuous lifecycle process with systematic review and updating, covering risk identification, estimation, post-market risk evaluation and targeted mitigation measures. | "The risk management system shall be understood as a continuous iterative process planned and run throughout the entire lifecycle of a high-risk AI system, requiring regular systematic review and updating. It shall comprise the following steps:" | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Core obligation for legal-AI vendors whose systems are high-risk, including judicial or ADR systems under Annex III point 8. | ["Art. 6", "Annex III point 8", "Art. 72"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_9 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-9-3-reasonably-mitigable-risks | 9 | 3 | null | ["provider"] | risk-management | high-risk | Article 9 risk management concerns only risks that may reasonably be mitigated or eliminated through system development, design or adequate technical information. | "The risks referred to in this Article shall concern only those which may be reasonably mitigated or eliminated through the development or design of the high-risk AI system, or the provision of adequate technical information." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Core obligation for legal-AI vendors whose systems are high-risk, including judicial or ADR systems under Annex III point 8. | ["Art. 6", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_9 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-9-4-combined-requirements-effects | 9 | 4 | null | ["provider"] | risk-management | high-risk | Risk management measures must consider the effects and interactions of all Section 2 requirements to minimise risks while balancing implementation of those requirements. | "The risk management measures referred to in paragraph 2, point (d), shall give due consideration to the effects and possible interaction resulting from the combined application of the requirements set out in this Section, with a view to minimising risks more effectively while achieving an appropriate balance in implem... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Core obligation for legal-AI vendors whose systems are high-risk, including judicial or ADR systems under Annex III point 8. | ["Art. 6", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_9 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-9-5-residual-risk-measures | 9 | 5 | null | ["provider"] | risk-management | high-risk | Risk management measures must make each residual hazard risk and the overall residual risk of high-risk AI systems acceptable. | "The risk management measures referred to in paragraph 2, point (d), shall be such that the relevant residual risk associated with each hazard, as well as the overall residual risk of the high-risk AI systems is judged to be acceptable." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Core obligation for legal-AI vendors whose systems are high-risk, including judicial or ADR systems under Annex III point 8. | ["Art. 6", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_9 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-9-6-risk-management-testing | 9 | 6 | null | ["provider"] | risk-management | high-risk | High-risk AI systems must be tested to identify targeted risk management measures and ensure consistent intended-purpose performance and compliance with Section 2 requirements. | "High-risk AI systems shall be tested for the purpose of identifying the most appropriate and targeted risk management measures. Testing shall ensure that high-risk AI systems perform consistently for their intended purpose and that they are in compliance with the requirements set out in this Section." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Core obligation for legal-AI vendors whose systems are high-risk, including judicial or ADR systems under Annex III point 8. | ["Art. 6", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_9 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-9-7-real-world-testing-option | 9 | 7 | null | ["provider"] | derogation-or-exemption | high-risk | Testing procedures for high-risk AI systems may include testing in real-world conditions in accordance with Article 60. | "Testing procedures may include testing in real-world conditions in accordance with Article 60." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | null | high | Core obligation for legal-AI vendors whose systems are high-risk, including judicial or ADR systems under Annex III point 8. | ["Art. 6", "Annex III point 8", "Art. 60"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_9 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-9-8-testing-timing-metrics | 9 | 8 | null | ["provider"] | risk-management | high-risk | Testing of high-risk AI systems must occur as appropriate during development and always before market placement or service, against predefined metrics and probabilistic thresholds. | "The testing of high-risk AI systems shall be performed, as appropriate, at any time throughout the development process, and, in any event, prior to their being placed on the market or put into service. Testing shall be carried out against prior defined metrics and probabilistic thresholds that are appropriate to the i... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Core obligation for legal-AI vendors whose systems are high-risk, including judicial or ADR systems under Annex III point 8. | ["Art. 6", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_9 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-9-9-minors-vulnerable-groups | 9 | 9 | null | ["provider"] | risk-management | high-risk | Providers implementing risk management must consider whether the intended purpose is likely to adversely affect persons under 18 and, as appropriate, other vulnerable groups. | "When implementing the risk management system as provided for in paragraphs 1 to 7, providers shall give consideration to whether in view of its intended purpose the high-risk AI system is likely to have an adverse impact on persons under the age of 18 and, as appropriate, other vulnerable groups." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Core obligation for legal-AI vendors whose systems are high-risk, including judicial or ADR systems under Annex III point 8. | ["Art. 6", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_9 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-9-10-risk-process-integration | 9 | 10 | null | ["provider"] | risk-management | high-risk | Providers subject to internal risk-management requirements under other Union law may include or combine Article 9 aspects with those existing procedures. | "For providers of high-risk AI systems that are subject to requirements regarding internal risk management processes under other relevant provisions of Union law, the aspects provided in paragraphs 1 to 9 may be part of, or combined with, the risk management procedures established pursuant to that law." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Core obligation for legal-AI vendors whose systems are high-risk, including judicial or ADR systems under Annex III point 8. | ["Art. 6", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_9 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-10-1-data-quality-criteria | 10 | 1 | null | ["provider"] | data-governance | high-risk | High-risk AI systems using training techniques must be developed using training, validation and testing datasets that meet Article 10(2), (3) and (4) quality criteria and Article 4a(1) when used. | "High-risk AI systems which make use of techniques involving the training of AI models with data shall be developed on the basis of training, validation and testing data sets that meet the quality criteria referred to in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of this Article and in Article 4a(1) whenever such data sets are used." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Key for legal-AI vendors training high-risk judicial, ADR or public-sector systems on legal, case or user data. | ["Art. 4a(1)", "Art. 10(2)", "Art. 10(3)", "Art. 10(4)", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_10 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-10-2-data-governance-practices | 10 | 2 | null | ["provider"] | data-governance | high-risk | Training, validation and testing datasets must be subject to governance and management practices appropriate for the intended purpose of the high-risk AI system. | "Training, validation and testing data sets shall be subject to data governance and management practices appropriate for the intended purpose of the high-risk AI system. Those practices shall concern in particular:" | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Data governance is central for legal-AI vendors using case law, pleadings, client files or public records in high-risk systems. | ["Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_10 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-10-2-a-e-data-lifecycle | 10 | 2 | a-e | ["provider"] | data-governance | high-risk | Dataset governance must address design choices, data collection and origin, data preparation, assumptions about what data represent, and availability, quantity and suitability of needed datasets. | "the relevant design choices;" | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Legal-AI vendors need traceable data lifecycle governance for high-risk systems trained or tested on legal-domain data. | ["Art. 10(2)(a)-(e)", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_10 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-10-2-f-bias-examination | 10 | 2 | f | ["provider"] | data-governance | high-risk | Providers must examine datasets for biases likely to affect health and safety, negatively affect fundamental rights or lead to discrimination prohibited under Union law. | "examination in view of possible biases that are likely to affect the health and safety of persons, have a negative impact on fundamental rights or lead to discrimination prohibited under Union law, especially where data outputs influence inputs for future operations;" | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Highly relevant to legal-AI vendors because biased legal-data outputs can influence future decisions about litigants, clients, workers or public-service users. | ["Art. 4a", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_10 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-10-2-g-bias-mitigation | 10 | 2 | g | ["provider"] | data-governance | high-risk | Providers must take appropriate measures to detect, prevent and mitigate possible biases identified under Article 10(2)(f). | "appropriate measures to detect, prevent and mitigate possible biases identified according to point (f);" | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | High-risk legal-AI providers must address dataset bias that could affect equal treatment, due process or access to services. | ["Art. 10(2)(f)", "Art. 4a", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_10 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-10-2-h-data-gaps | 10 | 2 | h | ["provider"] | data-governance | high-risk | Dataset governance must identify relevant data gaps or shortcomings that prevent compliance and how those gaps and shortcomings can be addressed. | "the identification of relevant data gaps or shortcomings that prevent compliance with this Regulation, and how those gaps and shortcomings can be addressed." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Legal-domain datasets often have coverage, jurisdictional, demographic or quality gaps relevant to high-risk legal-AI compliance. | ["Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_10 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-10-3-dataset-quality | 10 | 3 | null | ["provider"] | data-governance | high-risk | Training, validation and testing datasets must be relevant, sufficiently representative, as error-free and complete as possible, and have appropriate statistical properties for intended use. | "Training, validation and testing data sets shall be relevant, sufficiently representative, and to the best extent possible, free of errors and complete in view of the intended purpose. They shall have the appropriate statistical properties, including, where applicable, as regards the persons or groups of persons in re... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Legal-AI vendors must account for representativeness and quality when datasets affect courts, ADR, employment or public-service decisions. | ["Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_10 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-10-4-contextual-characteristics | 10 | 4 | null | ["provider"] | data-governance | high-risk | Datasets must take into account, to the extent required by intended purpose, characteristics particular to the geographical, contextual, behavioural or functional setting of use. | "Data sets shall take into account, to the extent required by the intended purpose, the characteristics or elements that are particular to the specific geographical, contextual, behavioural or functional setting within which the high-risk AI system is intended to be used." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Legal systems are jurisdictional and context-sensitive, making this important for legal-AI vendors deploying across courts, languages or practice areas. | ["Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_10 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-10-6-non-training-testing-data | 10 | 6 | null | ["provider"] | data-governance | high-risk | For high-risk AI systems developed without model-training techniques, Article 10(2), (3) and (4) and Article 4a(1) apply only to testing datasets. | "For the development of high-risk AI systems not using techniques involving the training of AI models, paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of this Article and Article 4a(1) shall apply only to the testing data sets." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Relevant to rule-based or retrieval-heavy legal-AI systems where testing data, rather than training data, carries the Article 10 governance burden. | ["Art. 4a(1)", "Art. 10(2)", "Art. 10(3)", "Art. 10(4)", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_10 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-11-1-technical-documentation | 11 | 1 | null | ["provider"] | documentation | high-risk | Technical documentation for a high-risk AI system must be drawn up before market placement or putting into service and kept up to date. | "The technical documentation of a high-risk AI system shall be drawn up before that system is placed on the market or put into service and shall be kept up-to date." | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | high | Legal-AI vendors providing high-risk systems need current technical documentation before launch or deployment. | ["Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_11 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-11-2-single-technical-file | 11 | 2 | null | ["provider", "product-manufacturer"] | documentation | high-risk | For high-risk AI systems related to Annex I Section A products, a single technical documentation set must include Article 11 information and information required under those product laws. | "Where a high-risk AI system related to a product covered by the Union harmonisation legislation listed in Section A of Annex I is placed on the market or put into service, a single set of technical documentation shall be drawn up containing all the information set out in paragraph 1, as well as the information require... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | Art. 99(4) | low | Mostly product-regulated AI rather than ordinary legal-AI software, but relevant to legal advice on regulated products. | ["Annex I Section A"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_11 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-11-3-annex-iv-delegated-acts | 11 | 3 | null | ["commission"] | delegated-or-implementing-act | high-risk | The Commission may amend Annex IV by delegated act where technical progress requires changes so technical documentation provides all information necessary to assess Section 2 compliance. | "The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 97 in order to amend Annex IV, where necessary, to ensure that, in light of technical progress, the technical documentation provides all the information necessary to assess the compliance of the system with the requirements set out in this ... | 2027-12-02 | Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744 | For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02. | null | medium | Changes to Annex IV can alter documentation expectations for legal-AI vendors with high-risk systems. | ["Annex IV", "Art. 97"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_11 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | consolidated-2026-07-27 |
art-12-1-automatic-logs | 12 | 1 | null | ["provider"] | record-keeping | high-risk | High-risk AI systems must technically allow automatic recording of events over the lifetime of the system. | "High-risk AI systems shall technically allow for the automatic recording of events (logs) over the lifetime of the system." | 2027-12-02 | Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI), Art. 1(40), amending Art. 113(c)(i): Art. 6(2)/Annex III high-risk | Art. 111(2): high-risk AI systems placed on the market or put into service before 2026-08-02 are covered only if they are subject to significant design changes from that date; providers and deployers of high-risk AI systems intended for public authorities must take necessary steps to comply by 2030-08-02. Art. 113(c) s... | Art. 99(4) | high | Important for legal-AI vendors and deployers because logs support traceability, audits, complaints and incident analysis. | ["Art. 16(a)", "Art. 26(6)", "Annex III point 8"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_12 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | enacted-2024 |
art-12-2-logging-events | 12 | 2 | null | ["provider"] | record-keeping | high-risk | Logging capabilities must enable recording of events relevant to risk or substantial modification, post-market monitoring and deployer monitoring under Article 26(5). | "In order to ensure a level of traceability of the functioning of a high-risk AI system that is appropriate to the intended purpose of the system, logging capabilities shall enable the recording of events relevant for:" | 2027-12-02 | Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI), Art. 1(40), amending Art. 113(c)(i): Art. 6(2)/Annex III high-risk | Art. 111(2): high-risk AI systems placed on the market or put into service before 2026-08-02 are covered only if they are subject to significant design changes from that date; providers and deployers of high-risk AI systems intended for public authorities must take necessary steps to comply by 2030-08-02. Art. 113(c) s... | Art. 99(4) | high | Logs are central for law firms or courts to monitor high-risk legal AI and for vendors to support post-market obligations. | ["Art. 26(5)", "Art. 72", "Art. 79(1)"] | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng#art_12 | 2026-08-02 | Art. 113 second subparagraph | false | enacted-2024 |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
EU AI Act, structured
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the Artificial Intelligence Act) as tables: every article, recital, annex and definition, 677 obligations coded by actor, risk tier, application date and penalty basis, plus milestones, national competent authorities and fine tiers.
Built 2026-09-08 by SafeLegalAI (Cognesio LLP) from the official English texts served by the Publications Office of the European Union (Cellar): the consolidated text as of 27 July 2026 (CELEX 02024R1689-20260727 — the Act as amended by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, the Digital Omnibus on AI, in force 27 July 2026) for articles, definitions, annexes and the coding; the text as enacted (CELEX 32024R1689) in the *_as_enacted tables and for recitals; and a per-article diff in amendments. Canonical pages: safelegalai.com/topics/eu-ai-act · pipeline and issues: https://github.com/SafeLegalAI/eu-ai-act-structured.
Tables
| config | rows | what a row is |
|---|---|---|
articles |
119 | one article of the consolidated text (27 July 2026): number (string for inserted articles such as 4a, 75a), title, chapter, section, numbered paragraphs with lettered points (JSON), flattened text, EUR-Lex anchor |
articles_as_enacted |
113 | the same for the text as enacted in 2024 |
amendments |
72 | one amended or inserted article: words before/after, a word-level diff, the amending act and its entry into force |
recitals |
180 | one recital |
annexes |
14 | one annex: title and text |
definitions |
70 | one Article 3 definition: number, term, definition |
obligations |
677 | one distinct obligation, prohibition, right or institutional duty, coded by SafeLegalAI from the article text: actor[], obligation_type, risk_tier, applies_from (+ applies_from_basis), penalty_basis, legal_practice_relevance (+ note), cross_references[], and the Regulation's operative words in quote (verbatim, ≤ 60 words; every quote is machine-checked against the parsed text) |
milestones |
43 | one dated milestone: entry into force, staged application, transitional dates, Commission deadlines — with legislative status (past, scheduled, proposed, deferred) and official source |
authorities |
29 | one national competent authority under Article 70, per Member State, with role and designation status |
penalties |
9 | one fine tier from Articles 99–101: conduct, maximum fixed amount, turnover percentage, rule |
member_states |
147 | one national implementation instrument for each of the 27 Member States plus NO/IS/LI/CH/GB: implementing act, authority designation (market surveillance, single point of contact, notifying, fundamental-rights), Article 99 penalty regime, Article 57 sandbox status (deadline 2 August 2027), deployer guidance reaching legal practice, position on the Digital Omnibus — original-language title, English title (flagged when translated by us), status, date, ≤25-word quote, gazette/authority source; a state with nothing verifiable carries one authority-page row saying what was checked. Page per state: https://safelegalai.com/regulation/eu-ai-act/<cc> |
Obligations by risk tier
risk_tier |
rows |
|---|---|
high-risk |
352 |
not-tier-specific |
205 |
gpai |
40 |
gpai-systemic-risk |
27 |
prohibited-practice |
24 |
all-ai-systems |
21 |
transparency-risk |
8 |
Obligations by application date (Article 113 as amended by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744; applies_from_as_enacted keeps the 2024 date)
applies_from |
rows |
|---|---|
| 2024-08-01 | 1 |
| 2025-02-02 | 45 |
| 2025-08-02 | 157 |
| 2026-07-27 | 21 |
| 2026-08-02 | 296 |
| 2026-12-02 | 6 |
| 2027-08-02 | 1 |
| 2027-12-02 | 143 |
| 2028-08-02 | 7 |
198 rows are coded legal_practice_relevance: high — the provisions that reach a law firm, chambers, in-house team or court deploying AI, a court as public-authority deployer, or a legal-AI vendor as provider (including Annex III point 8, AI systems intended to assist a judicial authority).
What is the Regulation's and what is ours
The text (articles, recitals, annexes, definitions, every quote) is the European Union's, reused under Commission Decision 2011/833/EU — attribution: © European Union, 1998–2026, https://eur-lex.europa.eu. Only the official text at EUR-Lex is authentic; this dataset is a convenience and may lag amendments.
The coding (actor, obligation_type, risk_tier, applies_from, penalty_basis, legal_practice_relevance, summary, legal_practice_note) is SafeLegalAI's, released CC BY 4.0 — attribute SafeLegalAI (safelegalai.com), published by Cognesio LLP. It is descriptive, not legal advice; it records what the Regulation says, not what anyone should do. Corrections: safelegalai.com/report.
Method
pipeline/parse_eurlex.pyfetches the ELI-structured XHTML from Cellar and parses chapters, sections, articles, paragraphs, points, recitals, annexes and definitions (deterministic).- Three coding passes (Arts 1–28, 29–70, 71–113 + annexes) wrote one row per distinct duty using only the parsed text, quoting the operative words; a fourth pass compiled milestones, authorities and penalties from official Commission and national sources.
pipeline/build_release.pymerges, checks every quote is a verbatim substring of the parsed article/annex text, and writes JSONL, CSV and Parquet.- Human review: SafeLegalAI's editor re-opens a sample of rows before each release; the
legal_practice_relevancecolumn in particular is editorial coding.
Use
from datasets import load_dataset
ob = load_dataset("safelegalaidata/eu-ai-act-structured", "obligations")["train"]
firm = ob.filter(lambda r: r["legal_practice_relevance"] == "high" and "deployer" in r["actor"])
Uses
Suited to: counting and comparing what the record shows (by court, jurisdiction, date, actor, outcome, status); building watch-lists and alerts from source_url/fetched_at; grounding retrieval or summarisation on cited primary documents; teaching and library guides that need a dated, sourced list.
Not suited to: ranking products, people or courts; inferring prevalence beyond what a court or regulator has itself stated; any use that treats a coding column as a finding of fact or law. Where a row names a person or organisation it does so as they appear in a public document; anyone named may request a correction or right of reply at https://safelegalai.com/report.
Cite
SafeLegalAI (Cognesio LLP), "EU AI Act, structured", v0.3.0, 2026-09-08. https://huggingface.co/datasets/safelegalaidata/eu-ai-act-structured — text © European Union, reused under Decision 2011/833/EU; coding CC BY 4.0.
@dataset{safelegalai_eu_ai_act_structured_0_3_0,
title = {EU AI Act, structured},
author = {{SafeLegalAI (Cognesio LLP)}},
year = {2026},
version = {0.3.0},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/safelegalaidata/eu-ai-act-structured},
note = {Data CC BY 4.0. Built 2026-09-08. Canonical: https://safelegalai.com}
}
Disclaimer and notices
Provided "as is", without warranty of any kind (CC BY 4.0 §5; Apache-2.0 §7). Not legal advice; Cognesio LLP is not a law firm. Only the Official Journal text of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 is authentic; this dataset may lag amendments and corrigenda. Every coding column is SafeLegalAI's good-faith reading of the text for comparison — not an interpretation of the law you may rely on, and not a statement of how any authority will apply it. Application dates follow Article 113 as written unless the milestones table records an amending act published in the Official Journal; check milestones before relying on a date. Names of institutions and authorities identify them only. Full terms, notice-and-takedown and governing law (England and Wales): https://safelegalai.com/disclaimer · repository DISCLAIMER.md.
Manifest
{
"regulation": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (Artificial Intelligence Act)",
"celex": "02024R1689-20260727",
"source": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/celex/02024R1689-20260727",
"source_format": "application/xhtml+xml (Cellar, Publications Office of the European Union)",
"eli": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng",
"source_sha256": "5e7719f77e8a606b257dc25958ee3222c4383300a5a34270a5b850a2ce8b8715",
"parsed": "2026-09-06",
"counts": {
"articles": 119,
"articles_as_enacted": 113,
"amendments": 72,
"recitals": 180,
"annexes": 14,
"annexes_as_enacted": 13,
"definitions": 70,
"definitions_as_enacted": 68,
"obligations": 677,
"milestones": 43,
"authorities": 29,
"penalties": 9,
"member_states": 147
},
"reuse": "Commission Decision 2011/833/EU \u2014 attribution: \u00a9 European Union, 1998\u20132026, https://eur-lex.europa.eu",
"version": "0.3.0",
"built": "2026-09-08",
"contentSha256": "ed5ec8bb7470ce9ed32bd73e33e60e9f5ab744812497f34b21e866ff47fac25d",
"canonical": "https://safelegalai.com/topics/eu-ai-act",
"repository": "https://github.com/SafeLegalAI/eu-ai-act-structured",
"license_text": "Commission Decision 2011/833/EU (\u00a9 European Union)",
"license_coding": "CC BY 4.0 (SafeLegalAI, Cognesio LLP)"
}
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