Datasets:
obs_id int64 | norad int64 | object string | station int64 | start string | intdes string | frequency_hz float64 | station_lat float64 | station_lon float64 | station_alt_m float64 | time_mjd list | freq_recv_hz list | n_points int64 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13,494,755 | 64,879 | Geoscan-6 | 4,394 | 2026-03-02 | 2025-155 | 436,938,900 | 33.893 | 130.849 | 10 | [
61101.25269371324,
61101.25269782846,
61101.25271223176,
61101.25271634698,
61101.25272457743,
61101.25273383669,
61101.252737951916,
61101.25274721118,
61101.25276058566,
61101.2527647009,
61101.25277190254,
61101.252772931344,
61101.252774988956,
61101.25278013299,
61101.2527811618,
... | [
436957237.64865506,
436958416.7494797,
436957578.1459375,
436959156.9274675,
436961228.77555674,
436958355.6808197,
436958743.2984933,
436954143.82947,
436956087.74434483,
436956176.1497416,
436957935.4727688,
436957936.2810203,
436958619.7132139,
436955520.46315926,
436955399.5059312,
... | 963 |
13,672,509 | 64,879 | Geoscan-6 | 4,394 | 2026-03-27 | 2025-155 | 436,938,900 | 33.893 | 130.849 | 10 | [
61126.265601520674,
61126.26560563588,
61126.265606664696,
61126.2656076935,
61126.265608722315,
61126.26560975112,
61126.265610779934,
61126.26561180874,
61126.26561386634,
61126.265621068,
61126.26562209679,
61126.2656231256,
61126.26562415441,
61126.265625183216,
61126.26562621203,
... | [
436938636.816565,
436933720.11767364,
436934245.79257894,
436938919.56754565,
436940505.3197384,
436934416.89085954,
436936217.79733247,
436936372.3483249,
436935031.4148704,
436940868.6817892,
436934520.13289,
436940298.6078683,
436938293.2920734,
436936553.1165541,
436941496.49185646,
... | 1,499 |
12,229,173 | 64,879 | Geoscan-6 | 40 | 2025-08-21 | 2025-155 | 436,938,900 | 52.834 | 6.379 | 10 | [
60908.15215560763,
60908.15216178046,
60908.15216589569,
60908.152170010915,
60908.15217309734,
60908.15219573109,
60908.15220704795,
60908.15221013438,
60908.152211163186,
60908.15221939364,
60908.1522296817,
60908.15223071051,
60908.15223996977,
60908.15224099858,
60908.152248200226,
... | [
436942776.5258253,
436942780.9587462,
436944454.89252377,
436945806.83383054,
436948674.4691162,
436945013.93622524,
436947153.8787242,
436946252.24213946,
436944470.76866144,
436948666.7122873,
436942764.6849762,
436943605.5619407,
436943335.0840846,
436942589.888502,
436944448.8955999,... | 1,525 |
13,482,168 | 64,879 | Geoscan-6 | 2,940 | 2026-02-27 | 2025-155 | 436,938,900 | 47.02 | 15.263 | 410 | [
61098.12520307535,
61098.12522570911,
61098.12546130581,
61098.12546233462,
61098.12546336343,
61098.12546439224,
61098.125465421035,
61098.12546644985,
61098.125467478654,
61098.12546850745,
61098.125469536266,
61098.12547056507,
61098.12547159388,
61098.12547262269,
61098.12547365149,
... | [
436948117.7545166,
436948115.83996683,
436948090.8276677,
436948120.84609467,
436948092.7705826,
436948092.90605754,
436948092.1005759,
436948091.0389641,
436948088.2912215,
436948090.15401036,
436948095.52860934,
436948086.3576995,
436948089.1236291,
436948091.21905595,
436948089.812550... | 611 |
13,494,754 | 64,879 | Geoscan-6 | 4,394 | 2026-03-01 | 2025-155 | 436,938,900 | 33.893 | 130.849 | 10 | [61100.27006578067,61100.27007503993,61100.27007606874,61100.27007709755,61100.27008018395,61100.270(...TRUNCATED) | [436953554.29681593,436953593.03983593,436957421.07320505,436955617.2350507,436953195.88868266,43695(...TRUNCATED) | 938 |
12,945,150 | 64,879 | Geoscan-6 | 4,394 | 2025-12-13 | 2025-155 | 436,938,900 | 33.893 | 130.849 | 10 | [61022.26942945858,61022.269433573805,61022.26943666022,61022.26943974664,61022.269442833065,61022.2(...TRUNCATED) | [436944794.2038963,436944558.0159915,436949401.0587482,436943993.6191145,436944543.5463252,436946244(...TRUNCATED) | 929 |
13,474,892 | 64,879 | Geoscan-6 | 2,940 | 2026-02-25 | 2025-155 | 436,938,900 | 47.02 | 15.263 | 410 | [61096.53859064813,61096.53859167693,61096.53861945471,61096.53862048352,61096.53862151233,61096.538(...TRUNCATED) | [436947736.4512697,436947717.53126967,436947695.3374678,436947698.62527597,436947693.26887625,436947(...TRUNCATED) | 995 |
12,229,044 | 64,880 | Geoscan-1 | 3,856 | 2025-08-20 | 2025-155 | 435,973,500 | 54.523845 | 18.513308 | 56 | [60907.547177935776,60907.54717999338,60907.547182051,60907.54718513742,60907.54718616622,60907.5471(...TRUNCATED) | [435976983.4404645,435976995.1715652,435977024.9796462,435977005.42893964,435975540.6873308,43597699(...TRUNCATED) | 1,551 |
12,945,149 | 64,880 | Geoscan-1 | 4,394 | 2025-12-13 | 2025-155 | 435,973,500 | 33.893 | 130.849 | 10 | [61022.259083141354,61022.25908417016,61022.25909137181,61022.259092400614,61022.25909342943,61022.2(...TRUNCATED) | [436003558.9767553,436003551.8466217,436003547.82694846,436003545.4142328,436003553.0024164,43600353(...TRUNCATED) | 966 |
13,763,252 | 64,880 | Geoscan-1 | 4,394 | 2026-04-09 | 2025-155 | 435,973,500 | 33.895 | 130.84 | 10 | [61139.2536425814,61139.25364566782,61139.253649783044,61139.25365184066,61139.25365698469,61139.253(...TRUNCATED) | [435986372.63795805,435988536.61826885,435986497.2850697,435983588.55715835,435984761.3926674,435981(...TRUNCATED) | 1,491 |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
SatNOGS Doppler — near-identical cluster identification
Labeled Doppler tracks extracted from SatNOGS waterfall observations, for
the task of identifying which member of a near-identical rideshare cluster produced a given pass.
Built by satnogs-id, which wraps Cees Bassa's
strf (rffit) — no trained model; the labels come from physics.
What's in it
One row per observation pass. The SatNOGS waterfall is Doppler-corrected, so each track is
un-corrected back to the physical received frequency — freq_recv = f0 + offset − f0·range_rate/c
— the curve rffit actually fits. This is non-circular: it does not depend on which TLE was applied.
| column | meaning |
|---|---|
obs_id |
SatNOGS Network observation id |
norad |
truth label — SatNOGS-assigned catalog object |
object |
human name (e.g. Geoscan-4) |
station |
SatNOGS ground-station id |
start |
observation date |
intdes |
launch international designator |
frequency_hz |
nominal transmit frequency |
station_lat, station_lon, station_alt_m |
receiver location |
time_mjd |
per-point time (MJD) — variable length |
freq_recv_hz |
per-point un-corrected received frequency (Hz) — variable length |
n_points |
track length |
Current contents
51 passes across two identified near-identical clusters (distinguish them by the intdes column),
the second held out as a generalisation test. Identification is rffit's own
identify_satellite_from_doppler.
- Geoscan (
2025-155) — 6 identical cubesats, 28 passes, 28/28 top-1 (all rank-1, CI 88–100%). - Tevel-2 (
2025-052, held-out) — 9 identical cubesats, 23 passes, 20/23 top-1 (87%, CI 68–95%; all 3 misses are rank-2 near-ties). A different bus / band / geometry the method never saw — it generalises, but isn't a suspiciously-perfect 100%.
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("ryroeu/satnogs-id-doppler", split="train")
row = ds[0]
# row["time_mjd"], row["freq_recv_hz"] -> the Doppler track; row["norad"] -> truth label
To refit with strf, write each row as an rffit .dat (MJD freq_hz 1.0 site) plus a sites.txt
line from station_lat/lon/alt_m.
Limitations
- Two clusters so far; both amateur UHF cubesat rideshares. Wider orbit/band coverage is future work.
- Truth is the SatNOGS-assigned identity, not independently decoded telemetry.
- Tracks are auto-extracted (parabolic sub-bin peak + carrier window + MAD rejection); weak / low-elevation passes carry less Doppler curvature, so their margins are thinner.
Credit & license
Data from the SatNOGS network + DB (CC BY-SA 4.0). Identification engine: strf (Cees Bassa). Pipeline: satnogs-id.
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