Datasets:

regagent-ai
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Article-Risk-Factor-Classification-Dataset

text_id int64	chunk_id int64	chunk_text string	R1_income tax int64	R1_tax rate int64	R1_income int64	R1_deduction int64	R1_return int64	R1_corporate int64	R2_treaty int64	R3_budget int64	R3_parliament int64	R3_policy int64	R3_decree int64	R3_bill int64	R4_pillar 2 int64	R4_implementation int64	R5_transfer pricing int64	R5_cbc int64	R5_deadline int64
0	0	Hong Kong announces 2025-26 budget, proposes reducing profits tax amongst other measures. Hong Kong Financial Secretary Paul Chan delivered the 2025-26 budget on 26 February 2025, which included various tax measures such as reducing profits tax, salaries tax and tax under personal assessment; raising the maximum value ...	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
0	1	For profits tax, the ceiling of the proposed tax reduction is applied to each business.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
0	2	Raising the maximum value of properties chargeable to a stamp duty of HKD 100 The Financial Secretary proposed to raise the maximum value of properties chargeable to a stamp duty of HKD 100 to HKD 4 million, effective from 26 February 2025.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
0	3	The Government will introduce the Stamp Duty (Amendment) Bill 2025 (the Bill) into the Legislative Council to implement the proposal.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
0	4	Pursuant to the Order, the new value bands will be applicable to any instrument for residential or non-residential property transactions executed on or after 26 February 2025.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
0	5	Enhancing tax deductions to boost IP-driven industries and trading in Hong Kong The Hong Kong government will review the relevant tax deduction arrangements for various expenditures, including the lump sum licensing fees for acquiring the rights to use IP and related expenses incurred on the purchasing IP or the rights...	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
0	6	This will accelerate the development of IP-intensive industries and promote the development of IP trading in Hong Kong.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
0	7	Government to propose tax breaks for funds and family offices The government will formulate proposals on the preferential tax regimes for funds, single family offices and carried interest this year, including expanding the scope of “fund” under the tax exemption regime, increasing the types of qualifying transactions e...	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
0	8	The legislation aims to apply the global minimum tax rate of 15% on large multinational enterprise groups with an annual consolidated group revenue of at least EUR 750 million and impose the Hong Kong minimum top-up tax. New tax incentives to boost maritime industry growth The government has introduced tax measures con...	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
0	9	It enhances these measures, including tax deductions on ship acquisition costs for ship lessors under an operating lease and providing half-rate tax concessions to eligible commodity traders.	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
0	10	Hong Kong expands global ties with new investment and tax agreements Hong Kong is actively pursuing investment agreements with Peru, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Bangladesh, while also engaging in tax treaty negotiations with 17 other countries.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
1	0	Treaty between Slovenia and United Arab Emirates signed. It is reported that Slovenia and the United Arab Emirates signed a tax treaty on 12 October 2013, during the annual meeting of the World Bank Group and International Monetary Fund in Washington D.C.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
1	1	The treaty is expected to further the development of economic relations and investments between the two countries.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
1	2	When it enters into force the treaty will provide for the exchange of tax information between the two countries, allocate taxing rights to various forms of income and provide for a mutual agreement procedure in the case of tax disputes	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
2	0	Cyprus: Finance Ministry issues revised decree on country-by-country reporting. On 26 May 2017 the Ministry issued a revised decree on Country-by-Country (CbC) Reporting, under the powers conferred by Section 6(16) of the Assessment and Collection of Taxes Law. The obligation of a Cyprus tax resident Constituent Entity...	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0
2	1	Since the Equivalent CbC Report filing falls under the secondary mechanism, it also applies with respect to Fiscal Years beginning on or after 1 January 2017.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
2	2	A requirement to maintain books and records supporting the information disclosed in the CbC Report is introduced.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
2	3	MNE Groups should be taking steps to assess whether they are in scope of CbC Reporting based on the €750m consolidated group revenue threshold.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
2	4	MNE should ensure that they have the necessary systems in place to collect the information required to be included in the CbC Report.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
2	5	Determine which entity of the group will be the Reporting Entity.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
2	6	MNE should consider any implications related to the information to be reported such as those concerning Transfer Pricing.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
2	7	Currently, no specific penalties have been introduced in Cyprus with respect to non-compliance with CbCR.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
2	8	In this respect, the general fines provided for in the Assessment and Collection of Taxes Law will apply (e.g., administrative penalties of €100).	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
2	9	But specific penalties are likely to be introduced in the near future of a higher amount to provide a more effective disincentive for non-compliance.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
2	10	The submission of both the notification and the CbC report shall be completed annually in the English language and submitted electronically via Ariadne.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
3	0	Hong Kong: Lower Tax for Captive Insurers. The amended Inland Revenue bill (No.3) 2013 has been gazetted by the Hong Kong Government, aiming to reduce by half the profits tax on captive insurers, and to increase the deduction ceiling for retirement scheme contributions by employees or self-employed persons.	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
3	1	The Bill would cut down by half the profits tax on the offshore risks insurance business of captive insurers that are set up to underwrite the risks of companies within the same group to which the captive insurers belong.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
3	2	The tax rebate measure will come into effect from the year of assessment 2013-14.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
3	3	The Bill will be presented to the Legislative Council for first reading on January 8, 2014.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
4	0	China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) update. According to an announcement made in October 2011, a Value-Added Tax (VAT) pilot program will be introduced in Shanghai in January 2012, replacing the business tax in selected industrial sectors.	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
4	1	Following the early success of that pilot, it looks likely that the program will be extended to Beijing and other locations during 2012.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
4	2	In China’s 12th Five-Year Plan (2011–15) announced in March 2011, one of the stated goals was to roll out indirect tax reform across China.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
4	3	The VAT pilot program represents a necessary first step toward resolving the issue of duplicate taxation on goods and services in China.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
4	4	Since Shanghai’s implementation of the VAT pilot program from 1 January 2012, anecdotal evidence suggests a 40% reduction in tax burden for small-scale VAT taxpayers. Administratively, the State Tax Bureau would be responsible for the administration and collection of the combined VAT system.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
5	0	South Africa: Call for comments regarding 2021 draft Tax Bills. On 28 July 2021, the National Treasury and the South African Revenue Service (SARS) have invited the public to comment by no later than 28 August 2021 on the second batch of the 2021 Draft Taxation Laws Amendment Bill and 2021 Draft Tax Administration Laws...	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
5	1	The 2021 tax bills will be introduced in Parliament later this year. 2021 draft Rates Bill Key tax proposals contained in this Bill include the following: • Changes in rates and monetary thresholds to the personal income tax tables.	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
5	2	• Increases of the excise duties on alcohol and tobacco.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
5	3	2021 draft TLAB Bill The Bill includes the following issues: Strengthening the rules dealing with limitation of interest deductions in respect of debt owed to persons not subject to tax.Restricting the set-off of the balance of assessed losses in determining taxable income.Refining the time frames of compliance require...	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
5	4	• Removal of double-penalty for the same incidence of non-compliance relating to employees’ tax.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
5	5	• Expanding the purposes for which air cargo may be removed to de-grouping depots.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
5	6	• Amendments related to changes in the accreditation system.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
5	7	• Increasing the caps for refunds and underpayments of duties.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
6	0	Serbia, Egypt FTA enters into force. Serbia is the only country in the region to sign an FTA with Egypt. The Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Serbia and Egypt entered into force on 1 September 2025.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
6	1	It provides preferential access for products originating in Serbia to a market of over 112 million inhabitants.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
6	2	A free trade agreement (FTA) or treaty is an agreement according to international law to form a free-trade area between the cooperating states.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
6	3	Serbia is the only country in the region to have signed such an agreement with Egypt.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
6	4	The agreement includes the liberalisation of trade in goods.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
7	0	Czech Republic: Deputies agrees with the postponement of the electronic registration. On 16 October 2020, the deputies approved the proposal of the Ministry of Finance to postpone all four phases of the electronic registration of sales until 1 January 2023.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
7	1	The amendment to the Act on the Registration of Sales is now heading to the Senate.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
7	2	The Ministry of Finance took this step on the basis of a careful assessment of the most current health situation, the outlook for economic development and after today's consultation with all business unions, associations and chambers.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
7	3	Entrepreneurs who wish to voluntarily register their revenues electronically can continue to do so.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
8	0	Turkey clarifies electronic notification rules in tax procedure law. Turkey’s Ministry of Treasury and Finance has clarified taxpayers' obligations under the Electronic Notification Process in the Tax Procedure Law (TPL), published General Communiqué No. 568 in the Official Gazette, on Wednesday, 25 September 2024.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
8	1	Taxpayers must provide accurate contact information, defend their login credentials, and report any changes in contact details.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
8	2	The communiqué also expands the system to cover individuals and entities purchasing motor vehicles subject to List II of the Special Consumption Tax (SCT) Law, effective 1 January 2025.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
8	3	General Communiqué No.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
8	4	568 came into force upon its publication.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9	0	OECD: Revenue Statistics Show Falling Corporate Tax Revenues. The OECD’s annual publication Revenue Statistics was published on 3 December 2015. The publication shows that since the financial crisis corporate tax revenues have been falling in the OECD countries. The statistics show that corporate income tax revenues de...	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9	1	In the same period more tax has been collected from individuals in the form of individual income tax, social security contributions and value added tax.	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9	2	Revenue collected from individual income tax increased from 8.8% to 8.9% between 2007 and 2014.	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9	3	Revenue from value added tax (VAT) increased from 6.5% to 6.8% in the same period. The average tax burden in OECD countries increased to 34.4% of GDP in 2014.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9	4	The average tax burden, measured by looking at total tax revenue as a percentage of GDP, has increased each year since 2009.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9	5	These increases are caused in part by increased tax rates and broadened tax bases; and tax collected is also increased by the effect of progressive tax rates and rising incomes.	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9	6	The largest increases in tax ratios occurred in Denmark where the tax to GDP ratio increased by 3.3 percentage points and in Iceland where the ratio increased by 2.8 percentage points.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9	7	Denmark had the highest tax to GDP ratio in the OECD at 50.9% in 2014.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9	8	France had a tax to GDP ratio of 45.2% and in Belgium the ratio was 44.7%.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
10	0	Italy issues decree for Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-up Tax. Italy's Ministry of Finance announced on 3 July, 2024, the publication of the “Decree of 1 July 2024”. The Decree contains the methods of implementing the national minimum tax or Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-up Tax (QDMTT) provided for in Article 18 of Le...	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
10	1	209/2023.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
10	2	The tax, which applies with priority over the supplementary minimum tax (IIR) and the supplementary minimum tax (UTPR), is aimed at Italian companies belonging to large groups (multinationals and domestic), subject to the rules of the global minimum tax, which in Italy have an effective income tax rate lower than 15%. ...	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0
10	3	209 of 27 December 2023, which enacted the Pillar Two global minimum tax in line with Council Directive (EU) 2022/2523 of 14 December 2022.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
10	4	The Decree provides clarification on key terms, explains the application scope and conditions for the QDMTT, specifies the calculation methodology, identifies the applicable local accounting standards and transitional and safe harbor provisions.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
10	5	It confirms that the QDMTT will be effective for financial years commencing from 31 December, 2023.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
10	6	Earlier, the Ministry of Finance published the ‘TSH decree,’ which was published in the official gazette on 28 May, 2024.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
10	7	This decree implements the Pillar Two transitional safe harbour (TSH) rules, as stipulated in Article 39 of Legislative Decree No.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0
10	8	209/2023, which aligns with the Council Directive (EU) 2523/2022.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
10	9	Italy plans to implement the Pillar Two or GloBE rules from 1 January, 2024, except the undertaxed profits rule (UTPR), which comes into effect on 1 January, 2025. The TSH rules include a transitional country-by-country (CbC) reporting safe harbour (CbCR TSH) and a transitional UTPR safe harbour (UTPR TSH).	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0
11	0	FATCA Agreement Signed between United States and Georgia. Georgia and the United States have signed a Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) agreement on 10 July 2015.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
11	1	This is a Model 1 Agreement.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
11	2	Under this reciprocal agreement, financial institutions in Georgia will report the information required under FATCA about U.S.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
11	3	accounts to the Georgian Government, which in turn will report the information to the IRS.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
12	0	Hong Kong: IRD plans to close voluntary filing of CbC report from 1 April 2019. On 1 February 2019, Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department (IRD) announced that effective from 1 April 2019, the department will not accept voluntary filing of a CbC Return for an accounting period ended on or before 31 March 2018.	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
12	1	Under section 58E(2) of the Inland Revenue Ordinance, a Hong Kong ultimate parent entity may voluntarily file a country-by-country (CbC) return in respect of an accounting period beginning on or after 1 January 2016 but before 1 January 2018 by the filing deadline, which is the date on which a period of 12 months after...	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
12	2	Pursuant to bilateral exchange arrangements, Hong Kong should exchange CbC Reports with treaty partners within 18 months after the end of an accounting period commencing in 2016, or 15 months after the end of an accounting period commencing in 2017.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
13	0	Vietnam increases tax administrative violations penalties. On 19 October 2020, the Vietnam Government has released Decree 125/2020/ND-CP on sanctioning of administrative violations of tax and invoices. The Decree has adjusted to increasing the sanction level for a number of tax-related administrative violations and com...	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
13	1	Accordingly, the Decree stipulates that administrative violations with the tax amount of 100 million VND or more or the value of goods from 500 million VND or more are determined as administrative violations of large-scale tax and administrative violations of 10 or more invoice numbers are identified as administrative ...	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
13	2	The group of violations of tax procedures has a minimum fine of 500 thousand VND and a maximum level of 25 million VND, the fine level will increase sharply for the group of violations regarding the deadline for tax registration and late submission of declaration dossiers.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
13	3	tax.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
13	4	In which, cases of violation of tax registration deadline; time limit for notification of stopping business, continuing to do business ahead of schedule with a fine of from 1 million VND to 10 million VND. For violations of the time limit for notification of information changes in tax registration, the fine is from VND...	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
13	5	The act of incorrectly declaring or declaring incompletely the contents of the tax dossier does not lead to a lack of tax payable or does not lead to an increase in the exempt, reduced, or refunded tax amount will be fined from VND 500,000 to VND 8 million.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
13	6	copper.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
13	7	Regarding the sanction of violations on the time limit for submitting the tax declaration dossiers, the minimum fine level is 2 million VND, the maximum level is 25 million VND. In particular, acts of delayed filing a tax return from 1 to 30 days will be fined from 2 million VND to 5 million VND.	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
13	8	For acts of late payment for more than 30 days, the fine level shall be from VND 5 million to VND 15 million.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
13	9	The act of submitting tax declaration dossiers for more than 90 days is an act of tax evasion, but the taxpayer has fully paid the tax amount or late payment interest into the state budget before the tax agency announced the inspection decision or before making the record.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
13	10	The village is not sanctioned for tax evasion but is fined with a fine of between VND 15 million and VND 25 million, corresponding to the extent and nature of this act.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
13	11	The decree also stipulates that violations of regulations on providing information related to the determination of tax obligations will be fined from 2 million VND to 5 million VND; Violations against regulations on compliance with decisions on tax inspection, tax inspection, coercive enforcement of tax administrative ...	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
13	12	For tax evasion with aggravating circumstances, the fine will be 2 to 3 times.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
14	0	US: House of Representatives approve ‘One, Big, Beautiful Bill’. The bill makes the 2017 Trump tax cuts permanent, provide tax relief for families and small businesses, and encourage investment and manufacturing in the US. The US House Ways and Means Committee passed the One, Big, Beautiful Bill (Act) by the House of R...	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
14	1	The One, Big, Beautiful Bill, makes the 2017 Trump tax cuts permanent, provides additional tax relief for working families and small businesses, rewards investment and manufacturing in America. Ways and Means Chairman Jason Smith (MO-08) said, “This bill represents an historic opportunity to deliver economic freedom fo...	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
14	2	The House has acted.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
14	3	Now the Senate must do its part and send this bill to President Trump’s desk.” The measures on taxation align with an earlier draft approved by the Committee, though some changes were made.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
14	4	Earlier, the US House Ways and Means Committee released a Description of Tax Provisions related to budget reconciliation recommendations, including proposals to extend key provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) and other reforms on 12 May 2025.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

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