conditional_increase string | derived_fields list | id string | jurisdiction string | max_ratio string | practice_setting string | regulatory_citation string | source string | source_quote string | url string | verified_fields list | trainee_count string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
board may adopt guidelines permitting pharmacist to supervise more than one technician; actual ratio set by Board of Pharmacy guidelines | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | all-settings-florida | Florida | 1:1 (statutory default; board guidelines may permit higher ratio) | all settings | Fla. Stat. § 465.014(1) | https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2025/465.014 | A licensed pharmacist may not supervise more than one registered pharmacy technician unless otherwise permitted by the guidelines adopted by the board. The board shall establish guidelines to be followed by licensees or permittees in determining the circumstances under which a licensed pharmacist may supervise more tha... | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/all-settings-florida/ | [
"conditional_increase"
] | null |
At least 1 of 3 technicians must be certified; at least 2 of 4 must be certified. Hospital pharmacies may apply to the board for an increased ratio. | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | all-settings-georgia | Georgia | 4:1 | all settings | Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. 480-15-.03(e) | https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/georgia/Ga-Comp-R-Regs-R-480-15-.03 | The pharmacist to registered pharmacy technician ratio shall not exceed one pharmacist providing direct supervision of four registered pharmacy technicians in accordance with the certification requirements below. 1. Any time during which a pharmacist is directly supervising one or two technicians, no certification is r... | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/all-settings-georgia/ | null | null |
null | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | all-settings-illinois | Illinois | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | 225 ILCS 85/9 | https://ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/documents/022500850K9.htm | such license shall be the sole authority required to assist licensed pharmacists in the practice of pharmacy, under the supervision of a licensed pharmacist. A registered pharmacy technician may be delegated to perform any task within the practice of pharmacy if specifically trained for that task | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/all-settings-illinois/ | null | null |
4:1 requires at least two certified pharmacy technicians, or one certified tech and one intern, or two interns; otherwise maximum is 3:1 with at least one intern or certified tech | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | all-settings-massachusetts | Massachusetts | 4:1 | all settings | 247 CMR 8.06(3) | https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/massachusetts/247-CMR-8-06 | One pharmacist for a maximum of four support personnel, provided: a. at least one of the four support personnel is a certified pharmacy technician and one is a pharmacy intern; or b. at least two of the support personnel are certified pharmacy technicians; or c. two of the support personnel are pharmacy interns. | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/all-settings-massachusetts/ | null | null |
3:1 for intravenous admixture preparation, unit dose packaging, prepackaging, and compounding | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | all-settings-minnesota | Minnesota | 2:1 | all settings | Minn. R. 6800.3850, Subp. 6 | https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/6800.3850/ | The basic ratio of pharmacy technicians to pharmacists on duty in a pharmacy is two technicians to one pharmacist. Specific functions are excepted from the basic ratio as follows: | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/all-settings-minnesota/ | null | null |
ratio may exceed 1:2 if all technicians working above the 1:2 limit have passed the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board exam or a Board-approved certification program, or a Board-approved training program with testing component | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | all-settings-new-jersey | New Jersey | 2:1 | all settings | N.J.A.C. 13:39-6.15 | https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/new-jersey/N-J-A-C-13-39-6-15 | a pharmacist shall not supervise more than two pharmacy technicians at any given time. | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/all-settings-new-jersey/ | null | 2 trainees maximum; trainees excluded from the 1:2 ratio during in-service training (not to exceed 210 days) |
Pharmacy interns and unit-dose cart-fill staff in institutional settings are exempt from the ratio | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | all-settings-new-york | New York | 2:1 (registered technicians) or 4:1 (unlicensed), max 4 total | all settings | N.Y. Educ. Law § 6841 | https://www.op.nysed.gov/professions/registered-pharmacy-technicians/laws-rules-regulations/article-137a | No licensed pharmacist shall obtain the assistance of more than two registered pharmacy technicians in the performance of licensed tasks within their scope of practice or four unlicensed persons, in the performance of the activities that do not require licensure, the total of such persons shall not exceed four individu... | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/all-settings-new-york/ | [
"max_ratio"
] | null |
null | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | all-settings-ohio | Ohio | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | OAC 4729:3-3-01 | https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-4729:3-3-01 | A pharmacist is not permitted to supervise more than three pharmacy technician trainees engaging in the activities pursuant to paragraph (B) of this rule at any time, unless otherwise approved by the board. | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/all-settings-ohio/ | null | 3 trainees per pharmacist |
null | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | all-settings-pennsylvania | Pennsylvania | no fixed ratio (professional judgment) | all settings | 49 Pa. Code § 27.12 | https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=%2Fsecure%2Fpacode%2Fdata%2F049%2Fchapter27%2Fs27.12.html | The pharmacist shall provide direct and immediate personal supervision to pharmacy interns, pharmacy technicians and pharmacy technician trainees working with the pharmacist. | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/all-settings-pennsylvania/ | null | null |
Ratio may be removed (no cap) if additional technicians beyond 6:1 are certified pharmacy technicians; pharmacist-in-charge may request further modification from the Board. | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | all-settings-tennessee | Tennessee | 6:1 | all settings | Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1140-02-.02(7) | https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/rules/1140/1140-02.20251016.pdf | The pharmacy technician to pharmacist ratio shall not exceed 6:1; however the ratio may be removed if the additional pharmacy technicians beyond the 6:1 ratio are certified pharmacy technicians. However, the pharmacist in charge may request a modification of the ratio from the Board in writing which addresses: | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/all-settings-tennessee/ | [
"conditional_increase",
"max_ratio"
] | null |
null | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | cannabis-dispensing-virginia | Virginia | 6:1 | cannabis dispensing | 3VAC10-40-110 | https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title3/agency10/chapter40/section110/ | The ratio of pharmacy technicians to pharmacists on duty in the areas of a pharmaceutical processor designated for production or dispensing or in a cannabis dispensing facility shall not exceed six pharmacy technicians to one pharmacist. | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/cannabis-dispensing-virginia/ | [
"practice_setting"
] | null |
null | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | community-retail-california | California | 3:1 | community/retail | Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 4115(g)(1) | https://www.pharmacy.ca.gov/laws_regs/lawbook.pdf | A pharmacy with only one pharmacist shall have no more than three pharmacy technicians performing the tasks specified in subdivision (a). A pharmacy with only one pharmacist shall have no more than one pharmacy technician performing the tasks specified in subdivision (b). If a pharmacy technician is performing the task... | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/community-retail-california/ | null | null |
may supervise more if not more than three are performing technician duties as set forth in NAC 639.245, and the pharmacy record identifies which technicians are performing those duties | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | community-retail-nevada | Nevada | 3:1 | community/retail | NAC 639.250(2) | https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nac/nac-639.html | in any pharmacy, other than a hospital pharmacy, telepharmacy, remote site, satellite consultation site or nondispensing pharmacy, a pharmacist may not supervise more than a total of three pharmaceutical technicians or one pharmaceutical technician and two pharmaceutical technicians in training at one time. | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/community-retail-nevada/ | null | 1 technician plus 2 trainees |
null | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | community-retail-texas | Texas | 6:1 | community/retail | 22 TAC § 291.32(d)(3) | http://txrules.elaws.us/rule/title22_chapter291_sec.291.32 | the ratio of on-site pharmacists to pharmacy technicians and pharmacy technician trainees may be 1:6, provided the pharmacist is on-site and a maximum of three of the six are pharmacy technician trainees. The ratio of pharmacists to pharmacy technician trainees may not exceed 1:3. | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/community-retail-texas/ | [
"trainee_count"
] | max 3 trainees per pharmacist; ratio of pharmacists to trainees may not exceed 1:3 |
Higher ratio allowed with commission-approved pharmacy services plan | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | community-retail-washington | Washington | 1:1 | community/retail | RCW 18.64A.040 | https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=18.64A.040 | no pharmacist may supervise more than one pharmacy technician | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/community-retail-washington/ | null | null |
null | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | institutional-hospital-california | California | board-determined ratio | institutional/hospital | Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 4115(g)(2) | https://www.pharmacy.ca.gov/laws_regs/lawbook.pdf | The board may adopt regulations establishing the ratio of pharmacy technicians performing the tasks specified in subdivision (a) to pharmacists applicable to the filling of prescriptions of an inpatient of a licensed health facility and for a patient of a licensed home health agency. Any ratio established by the board ... | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/institutional-hospital-california/ | null | null |
Higher ratio allowed with commission-approved pharmacy services plan | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | institutional-hospital-dispensing-to-non-patients-washington | Washington | 1:1 | institutional/hospital (dispensing to non-patients) | RCW 18.64A.040 | https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=18.64A.040 | in the preparation of medicine or other materials dispensed to persons not patients within the facility, one pharmacist supervising not more than one pharmacy technician | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/institutional-hospital-dispensing-to-non-patients-washington/ | null | null |
Higher ratio allowed with commission-approved pharmacy services plan | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | institutional-hospital-internal-use-washington | Washington | 3:1 | institutional/hospital (internal use) | RCW 18.64A.040 | https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=18.64A.040 | in the preparation of medicine or other materials used by patients within the facility, one pharmacist supervising no more than three pharmacy technicians | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/institutional-hospital-internal-use-washington/ | null | null |
may supervise more if not more than three are performing technician duties as set forth in NAC 639.245, and the pharmacy record identifies which technicians are performing those duties | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | institutional-hospital-nevada | Nevada | 3:1 | institutional/hospital | NAC 639.250(1) | https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nac/nac-639.html | in a hospital, a pharmacist who is dispensing prescriptions may not supervise more than a total of three pharmaceutical technicians at one time. A pharmacist who is supervising distributive functions may not supervise more than a total of two pharmaceutical technicians and one pharmaceutical technician in training whil... | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/institutional-hospital-nevada/ | [
"trainee_count"
] | 2 technicians plus 1 trainee when supervising distributive functions |
null | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | nondispensing-pharmacy-nevada | Nevada | 8:1 | nondispensing pharmacy | NAC 639.250(4) | https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nac/nac-639.html | In any nondispensing pharmacy, a pharmacist may not supervise more than a total of eight pharmaceutical technicians or six pharmaceutical technicians and two pharmaceutical technicians in training at one time. | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/nondispensing-pharmacy-nevada/ | [
"practice_setting"
] | 6 technicians plus 2 trainees |
null | [
"jurisdiction",
"regulatory_citation"
] | telepharmacy-remote-site-satellite-consultation-site-nevada | Nevada | 3:1 | telepharmacy/remote site/satellite consultation site | NAC 639.250(3) | https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nac/nac-639.html | In any telepharmacy, remote site or satellite consultation site, a pharmacist may not supervise more than a total of three pharmaceutical technicians at one time. | https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/telepharmacy-remote-site-satellite-consultation-site-nevada/ | null | null |
State pharmacy technician-to-pharmacist supervision ratios
Canonical, always-current version: https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/ Machine-readable: https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/data.json — this mirror is a point-in-time copy.
- Last verified: 2026-08-16
- Stale after: 2027-08-16 (past this date, prefer the canonical copy — it re-verifies on a cadence this snapshot does not)
- Records: 21
The maximum number of pharmacy technicians a single pharmacist may supervise in each US state, with the practice setting it applies to and any conditions that raise or lower the cap. Each record is one jurisdiction with its ratio rule, the practice setting (community/retail, hospital/institutional, or both), whether conditional increases apply (e.g., higher ratio if technicians are certified, if automated dispensing is in use, or if the setting is institutional), and the regulatory citation. Answers 'how many techs can I supervise in Ohio' (no cap on licensed technicians; max 3 trainees), 'does California allow a higher ratio for certified techs', 'which states have no fixed ratio', and 'what is the pharmacist-to-tech ratio in a hospital in Connecticut'. States range from strict 1:2 caps (Connecticut community, New York community, Tennessee) to no fixed cap (Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin — at least 13 states where professional judgment applies).
Provenance — what every record carries
Every record carries source (the URL the value was read from) and
source_quote (a verbatim quote from that page stating it). A value you
cannot check against its page is indistinguishable from an invented one;
these can all be checked. Each record is also individually addressable on
the canonical site at its url.
Licence position
State administrative codes and statutes are government works. Facts are not copyrightable (Feist, 1991); each record quotes a short attributed span and links back to the state's own regulatory text.
Facts are not copyrightable; what this dataset takes from each source is a fact plus a short attributed quote linking back to the page that states it.
Sources
- https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2025/465.014
- https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/georgia/Ga-Comp-R-Regs-R-480-15-.03
- https://ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/documents/022500850K9.htm
- https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/massachusetts/247-CMR-8-06
- https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/6800.3850/
- https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/new-jersey/N-J-A-C-13-39-6-15
- https://www.op.nysed.gov/professions/registered-pharmacy-technicians/laws-rules-regulations/article-137a
- https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-4729:3-3-01
- https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=%2Fsecure%2Fpacode%2Fdata%2F049%2Fchapter27%2Fs27.12.html
- https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/rules/1140/1140-02.20251016.pdf
- https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title3/agency10/chapter40/section110/
- https://www.pharmacy.ca.gov/laws_regs/lawbook.pdf
- https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nac/nac-639.html
- http://txrules.elaws.us/rule/title22_chapter291_sec.291.32
- https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=18.64A.040
Fields
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and the canonical page for each record renders them with labels:
https://referencesource.org/pharmacy-technician-supervision-ratios/
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