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ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯕꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ, ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯕꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ ꯊꯥ 4 ꯐꯥꯔꯕꯥ ꯎꯆꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ, ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ꯫
ꯅꯣꯚꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯂꯤꯐꯦꯛꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯗꯥꯜꯍꯧꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯅꯥꯗꯤꯌꯅ ꯗꯥꯏꯕꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯂꯤꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯕꯤꯖꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ, ꯗꯥ. ꯏꯍꯨꯗ ꯎꯔꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ꯭ꯆ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯊꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯋꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯏꯄ 1 ꯗꯥꯏꯕꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯄꯜꯂꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯨ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯈꯪ-ꯑꯍꯩꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯕꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯋꯤꯗꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯇꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯔ꯭ꯃꯥꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯦꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ, ꯁꯥꯔꯥ ꯗꯦꯅꯤꯌꯁꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯀꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯋꯤꯗꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯕꯣꯕ ꯗꯦꯂꯦꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯤꯇꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯏꯪ 2016ꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯐꯪꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯉꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯗꯦꯅꯤꯌꯁꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ, "ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯗ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯛꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯃꯦꯏꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯥꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯦ"꯫
ꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ CEO, ꯖꯦꯃꯤ ꯁꯤꯃꯤꯅꯣꯐꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯒꯦꯔꯦꯖꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯨꯀꯥꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯈꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯜ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ WiFi ꯗꯣꯔ꯭ꯕꯦꯂ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯥꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ꯫
ꯁꯣ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯇ-ꯑꯄ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯪ 2013ꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯔꯛ ꯇꯦꯡꯀꯀꯤ ꯏꯄꯤꯁꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜꯁ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯁꯤꯃꯤꯅꯣꯐꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯏꯪ 2017ꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯃꯤꯅꯣꯐꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯕꯤꯖꯟ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ, QVCꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯔꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯟꯤ, ADT ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟꯒꯥ ꯂꯣ-ꯁꯨꯏꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯕꯁꯨ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯏꯕꯣꯂꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤ-ꯃꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯎꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯅꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ꯫
ZMapp ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯣꯗꯤ ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯦꯂ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤ-ꯃꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯕꯗꯗꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ꯫
PALM ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯑꯦꯜꯗ ZMꯑꯦꯄꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯕꯦꯖꯂꯥꯏꯅ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯩ꯫
USA ꯖꯤꯝꯅꯥꯁꯇꯤꯛꯁꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯏꯇꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯝꯄꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯊꯤꯕꯨ ꯁꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ-ꯀꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯝꯄꯤꯛ ꯐꯦꯃꯤꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯐꯗꯕꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯖꯔꯤ꯫
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯂꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯟꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯔ꯭ꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡ ꯊꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯡꯕꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ USOCꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯤ꯫
ꯂꯦꯔꯤ ꯅꯥꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯍꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯔꯁꯟꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯐꯗꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ-ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯕꯨ USA ꯖꯤꯝꯅꯥꯁꯇꯤꯛꯁꯅ ꯁꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫
USA ꯖꯤꯝꯅꯥꯁꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ USOCꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯂꯩ - ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ-ꯀꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ, ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗꯥ ꯖꯤꯝꯅꯥꯁꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯟꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯪꯂꯥꯟꯕꯨ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯪꯐꯥꯎꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯟꯁꯀꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯪ 1960ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯖꯣꯟ F. ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯟꯗꯅ B. ꯖꯣꯟꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛꯂꯣꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯧ ꯄꯨꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ 1976ꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯀꯥꯔ꯭ꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯦꯟ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯤ ꯀꯤꯁꯤꯟꯖꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯪ 1977ꯗꯒꯤ 1981 ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯏꯖꯔ (NSA) ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯧ ꯄꯨꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ NSA ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯦꯝꯄ ꯗꯦꯕꯤꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯗ, ꯏꯪ 1970ꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ US-ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕꯥ, 1979ꯗꯥ ꯏꯔꯥꯟ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯔꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯏꯍꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 1979ꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯚꯤꯑꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯘꯥꯅꯤꯁꯇꯥꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯨꯝ ꯆꯟꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯗꯤꯄ꯭ꯂꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔ꯭ꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯡꯕꯥꯡꯈꯤ꯫
ꯔꯌꯥꯅ ꯒꯣꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯝꯃꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯀꯨꯃꯩꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫
ꯒꯣꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯪꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯇ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯇ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫
ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯇ ꯄꯤꯛꯆꯔ, ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ, ꯁꯤꯅꯦꯃꯥꯇꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ, ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯃ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ, ꯐꯤꯜꯃ-ꯏꯗꯤꯇꯤꯡ, ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯔ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ, ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯏꯗꯤꯇꯤꯡ, ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯃꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯨꯚꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯑꯅꯤ, ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯁꯟ (ꯗꯤ ꯐꯨꯜꯁ ꯍꯨ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯃ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔ꯭ꯁ, ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯇ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟꯁꯒꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕꯥ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ 26 ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫
ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯏꯇꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯀꯤ ꯔꯥꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯄꯇꯤ, ꯗꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯠꯔꯝꯄꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯊꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯁꯦꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ US ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯂꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯔꯝꯄꯅꯥ ꯇꯔꯀꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯥꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯄꯇꯤ, ꯔꯦꯁꯦꯄ ꯇꯥꯌꯤꯄ ꯑꯦꯔ꯭ꯗꯣꯒꯥꯟꯒꯥ ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯐꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯔꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ ꯌꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ, ꯐꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ISIS ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯛ-ꯁꯦꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯔꯀꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯍꯧꯔꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯣꯁꯣꯔ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯨ ꯄꯥꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯁꯤꯜꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜꯁꯨ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫
ꯁꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯊꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯞꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯅꯠ-ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯅ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯇꯦꯅꯣꯏꯗ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ꯫
ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯎꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯨ ꯄꯥꯜꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯣꯁꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯥꯆꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯕꯥꯔ꯭ꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯔꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯜꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯆꯦꯟꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ꯭ꯆ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯔꯥꯆꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫
ꯃꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯏꯪ-ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯟꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯣꯁꯥꯎꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯄꯤꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ-ꯃꯔꯩ ꯐꯥꯔꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ꯭ꯆ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯣꯁꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯄꯤꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ-ꯃꯔꯩ ꯐꯥꯔꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ꯭ꯆ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫
ꯉꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯌꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯔꯀꯤꯒꯤ ꯒꯥꯖꯤꯌꯥꯟꯇꯦꯞꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄꯨꯂꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯔ ꯕꯣꯝꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯥꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯂꯤꯁ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯨꯟ ꯍꯦꯟꯕꯅ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯅꯪꯍꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫
ꯁꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯥꯄꯟꯗꯤ ꯄꯨꯂꯤꯁ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯒꯚꯔ꯭ꯅꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫
ꯄꯨꯂꯤꯁꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯁ (ISIL)ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ꯫
ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯒꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯈꯤ: ꯄꯊꯥꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯜꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯜꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯉꯝꯂꯦ꯫
ꯉꯥꯜꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯔꯣꯁꯕꯤ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯁꯃꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫
ꯔꯣꯁꯕꯤ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯩ, ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯚꯔ꯭ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯏꯋꯥꯁꯥꯀꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯈꯥꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯟꯕꯤꯈꯤ, ꯔꯦꯕꯤꯗ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯨꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯕꯦꯠꯇꯥ ꯆꯤꯛꯈꯤ, ꯅꯦꯄꯥꯜꯗ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯂꯝꯒꯗꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯈꯤ꯫
802.11n ꯁꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔ꯭ꯗꯅꯥ 2.4Ghz ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 5.0Ghz ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯗꯨꯑꯦꯂ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ 802.11a, 802.11b ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 802.11gꯒꯥ ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯟꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
802.11nꯅꯥ 600Mbit/sꯒꯤ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯣꯔꯣꯄꯨꯠ ꯂꯩꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯗꯨꯚꯥꯂꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯜꯂꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯏꯗꯥꯍꯟꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯝꯗꯦ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯃꯤꯜꯂꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ, "ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯈꯤ...ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛꯇꯤ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯨꯗꯔꯦ"꯫
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯪ 2020 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ 2005ꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯊꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ GDP ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯃꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯟ-ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯒꯅꯤ, ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫
ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯃꯤꯠꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯄꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯛꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ꯫
ꯍꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ "ꯑꯃꯣꯠ ꯑꯀꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯏꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯅꯕꯥ" ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯝꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤꯕꯗꯥ, "ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ, ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯈꯠꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ"꯫
ꯏꯔꯥꯀ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞꯅꯥ ꯉꯁꯤ 12.00 GMTꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯃꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ, ꯈꯠꯅ-ꯆꯩꯅꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯡꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯦꯞꯍꯟꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯔꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ꯫
ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯗꯤꯕꯦꯇ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯗꯗꯜ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯏꯇꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫
ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯔꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯦꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯔꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯔꯤ꯫
ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯔꯤꯕꯥ 78ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯔꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯕꯨ ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯄ꯭ꯂꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯥꯏꯈꯠꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯄ꯭ꯂꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯅꯧꯍꯧꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫
ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯅꯥꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯔꯁ꯭ꯇ ꯂꯦꯗꯤ, ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯔꯅꯥꯟꯗꯦꯖ ꯗꯦ ꯀꯤꯔ꯭ꯆꯅꯔꯅꯥ ꯕꯨꯏꯅꯣꯁ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ 50 (ꯃꯥꯏꯜ 31) ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯍꯔ, ꯂꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯇꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯔꯥꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯜ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯔꯥꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯄꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯇꯤ ꯀꯤꯔ꯭ꯆꯅꯔꯅꯥ ꯕꯨꯏꯅꯣꯁ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯚꯤꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯟꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯅꯦꯠꯀꯤ 2005ꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯝꯄꯦꯟ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ, ꯑꯔ꯭ꯖꯦꯟꯇꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯤꯑꯦꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯔꯥꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯄꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯗꯤꯕꯦꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯍꯔꯤꯀꯦꯅ ꯀꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯡꯕꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠ-ꯁꯥꯒꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯐꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯖꯔꯚꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ "ꯕꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯣꯔꯂꯤꯟꯁ ꯗꯤꯂ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯐꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ꯫
ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠ-ꯁꯥꯒꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯁꯤꯡꯇꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯛꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯟꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠ-ꯁꯥꯒꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯆꯪꯈꯤ꯫
ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ-ꯃꯪꯃ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕꯅ ꯔꯣꯝꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ꯫
ꯇꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯃꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯤꯇꯔ ꯁꯀ꯭ꯌꯦꯔꯗ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ-ꯃꯉꯝꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫
ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯣꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯚꯤꯖꯟ ꯁꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯈꯤꯅꯈꯤ꯫
ꯏꯇꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯦꯟꯗꯗꯥ, ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ꯫
ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯅꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯀꯨꯝꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯁꯣꯔ꯭ꯁ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯕꯒꯤ FBIꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯂ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯀꯪꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤꯇꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯏꯪ 2005ꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯆꯍꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ FBIꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯜꯠ ꯄꯣꯔꯅꯥꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇ 10 ꯊꯥꯗꯒꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯔꯣꯕꯤꯅ ꯎꯊꯞꯄꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯤꯡꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯔꯅ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ, ꯐꯣꯔ 11 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯛꯁ 2 ꯌꯩꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯜ 41ꯗꯥ ꯔꯅ 70 ꯂꯧꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯃꯦꯟ, ꯁꯆꯤꯟ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯨꯂꯀꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯍꯨꯜ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯕꯤꯗꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯅ ꯆꯥꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯂꯣꯏ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ꯫
ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯞꯇꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯇꯨꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯤꯡꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯤꯀꯦꯠ 7 ꯇꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯅ 36ꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ꯫
US ꯔꯥꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯄꯇꯤ, ꯖꯣꯔ꯭ꯖ W ꯕꯨꯁꯅꯥ ꯆꯌꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠ ꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯕꯦꯝꯕꯔ 16ꯀꯤ ꯑꯌꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥꯄꯨꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯈꯤ꯫
ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯨꯇꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯙꯥꯟ ꯃꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ, ꯋꯣꯡ ꯀꯥꯅ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯑꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯙꯥꯟ ꯃꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ, ꯂꯤ ꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟ ꯂꯨꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯔꯤꯖꯝꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯤꯗꯇꯔ꯭ꯃ ꯃꯤꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯆꯌꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯕꯨꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯜꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯙꯥꯟ ꯃꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯐꯦꯟ ꯍꯥꯔ꯭ꯄꯔꯅꯥ PMOꯗꯥ NDPꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯀ ꯂꯥꯏꯇꯅꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯇ 25 ꯆꯪꯅꯥ ꯐꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯛꯄꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯔ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯑꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ 'ꯀꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ'ꯄꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯟꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫
ꯂꯥꯏꯇꯟꯅꯥ PMꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯖꯔꯚꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯄꯥꯔ꯭ꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯣꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯕꯤꯜꯕꯨ "ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯍꯨꯠꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ" ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯂꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫
ꯐꯦꯗꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯁꯃꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯚꯦꯟꯄꯣꯔꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯔ꯭ꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯄꯥꯏꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯍꯦꯛ ꯍꯧꯈꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯦꯗꯔꯦꯜꯒꯤ MP ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯕꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯦꯗꯔꯦꯜ ꯃꯤꯈꯂ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗꯥ ꯎꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫
ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯙꯥꯟ ꯃꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ, ꯖꯣꯟ ꯍꯣꯋꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯁꯃꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤ ASD$45 ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯄꯤꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯅꯥꯃꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ꯄꯥꯒꯣ ꯄꯥꯒꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯨꯅꯥꯃꯤꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯇꯣꯡꯒꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯩꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯨꯠꯈꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯡꯒꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ PTWCꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯁꯨꯅꯥꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯋꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫
ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯇꯣꯔ꯭ꯕꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯛꯄꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯍꯋꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯇꯔꯥꯝꯔꯤꯗꯤ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯋꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯀꯩꯁꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯈꯤ꯫
US ꯀꯤ ꯔꯥꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯄꯇꯤ, ꯖꯣꯔ꯭ꯖ W ꯕꯨꯁꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯕꯨ ꯇꯔꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯕꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏ, ꯒꯣꯔꯗꯟ ꯖꯣꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞꯄꯨ "ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯅꯤꯟꯁꯨꯂꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯀꯂꯤꯌꯥꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯐꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯟꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯇꯂꯥꯟꯇꯤꯛ ꯍꯨꯔꯤꯀꯦꯟ ꯁꯤꯖꯟꯒꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯂꯩ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ, ꯁꯕꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯃ ꯖꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯂꯥꯟꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯁꯤꯟꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫
ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯍꯨꯔꯤꯀꯦꯟ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ (NHC)ꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯥꯟꯖꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯖꯦꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯪꯐꯥꯜꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯔꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫
US ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯚꯤꯁꯄꯨ ꯏꯟꯆꯤ 6ꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯥꯏꯍꯟꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫
ꯍꯨꯔꯤꯀꯦꯟ ꯀꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯨꯇ 20 ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯟꯊ ꯋꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ-ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯛꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯚꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ꯫
ꯐꯨꯇ 100 ꯄꯥꯛꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯚꯤꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫
ꯀꯝꯃꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯗꯃꯤꯅꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯥꯃ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯗꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯥ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯀꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯨꯠꯊꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯦꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛ (ꯋꯦꯜꯁ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯝꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤ꯫ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯍꯤꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯇꯥꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯥꯔ꯭ꯇ ꯃꯨꯠꯊꯠꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯋꯥ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ꯫
ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯧꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯍꯜꯂꯛꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯁꯦꯖꯤꯇꯥꯔꯤꯌꯁ ꯒꯦꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯒꯦꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯔ꯭ꯀ ꯃꯦꯠꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯜꯀꯤ ꯋꯦꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯔ꯭ꯀ ꯃꯦꯠꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯏꯗꯦꯂ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯊꯥꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯊꯤꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯊꯛ ꯏꯄꯣꯝ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯜꯀꯤ ꯋꯦꯅꯁꯨ ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯁ ꯒꯦꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤ꯫
ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯠꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯔ꯭ꯀ ꯃꯦꯠꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯗꯥꯔ꯭ꯀ ꯃꯦꯠꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯄꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯒꯦꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯔꯛ ꯃꯦꯠꯇꯔ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯂꯣ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯒꯦꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯛꯂ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ꯫
ꯄꯂꯥꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯚꯤꯖꯟꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯐꯝꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯂꯥꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯔ ꯃꯨꯠꯊꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯇꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯛꯇꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ꯫
ꯖꯥꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯀꯂꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯂꯥꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯖꯤꯌꯃ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯗꯤꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯍꯥꯞꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯇ꯭ꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯈꯥꯏꯔꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫
ꯗꯥ. ꯇꯣꯅꯤ ꯃꯣꯂꯅꯥ ꯈꯥ-ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯖꯨꯂꯨ-ꯅꯥꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯝꯂꯤ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯔꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯣꯁꯤꯁ (XDR-TB) ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ-ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ "ꯃꯤ ꯁꯤꯍꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯀꯤꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯑꯅꯥꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯗꯥ. ꯃꯣꯂꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯤ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯃꯤꯅꯤ꯫
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SpellMtei

Artifacts for SpellMtei, a spelling corrector for Manipuri (Meetei) in the Meetei Mayek script, trained entirely from synthetic supervision: clean text is corrupted by an error model grounded in the script's structure and in Meetei phonology, and models learn to reconstruct it.

Anonymised for peer review. De-anonymised on acceptance.

Contents

path what
error_profile/profile.py the declarative Meetei Mayek error profile (Unicode ranges, combining marks, confusable groups, rewrite rules, per-operation weights). base.py is the framework it plugs into.
eval/test.txt frozen clean test references (1,012 sentences)
eval/test.noised.tsv frozen test set: corrupted<TAB>gold, realised character error rate 6.26%
model/manipuri-mm/m1_byt5_small/best/ M1 — google/byt5-small fine-tuned as a denoiser
model/manipuri-mm/m2_gector/ M2 — from-scratch character edit tagger (GECToR-style, non-autoregressive); tags.json / charvocab.json sit next to best/
model/manipuri-mm/m3_kenlm/ M3 — statistical noisy channel: character 6-gram LM (charlm.json) + word-frequency table (wordfreq.json) + tuned params.json
pipeline/ the code: noise engine, datasets, metrics, per-model train/infer, and the evaluation pipeline

The training and validation splits are not included here.

Results (frozen synthetic test set, input CER 6.26%)

System P R F0.5 chrF CER% FP-clean%
Uncorrected input – – – 85.0 6.26 0.0
M1 ByT5 35.4 41.3 36.5 91.4 2.86 60.0
M2 char edit tagger 24.7 33.8 26.1 87.8 3.78 86.1
M3 noisy channel 6.4 9.7 6.9 76.9 8.83 97.4

M1 removes 54% of the character error and M2 40%; the statistical channel does not beat leaving the text alone, and all three over-correct already-correct input.

Usage

# drop model/ and pipeline/ into a checkout, then
cd pipeline
python -m pipeline.evaluate all --lang manipuri-mm --split test

License

To be finalised. The clean corpus is public Meetei Mayek web text; provenance and licence will be documented with the camera-ready release.

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