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G01
Impact preview
warn
blast radius
impact
https://neurarch.com/r/impact-preview
null
{ "trigger": "Any destructive action (delete_component, delete_components_matching, rename_components_matching, clear_canvas, replace_model) where downstream impact > 4 layers, or any of them are shape-changing.", "surfaces": "Number of downstream layers affected, how many would reshape, how many carry weights (reb...
G02
Param explosion
block
resource
param-explosion
https://neurarch.com/r/param-explosion
null
{ "trigger": "Estimated total parameter count grows by ≥ threshold × baseline (default 5×, slider 2-20×). Blocks at 2× threshold, warns below.", "why": "A misread \"scale this 10×\" prompt should not silently turn a 60M model into a 6B model that won't fit anywhere.", "setting": "useProviderStore.paramExplosionTh...
G03
Cycle introduction
block
structure
cycle
https://neurarch.com/r/cycle-introduction
null
{ "trigger": "An add_connection closes a cycle in the existing DAG. DFS check on the union of current edges and proposed edges.", "why": "NN forward graphs are acyclic. Recurrence lives inside the layer type (LSTM, GRU), not as a graph cycle. A connection that closes a cycle is almost always a mis-step.", "source...
G04
Orphan layers
warn
structure
orphan
https://neurarch.com/r/orphan-layers
null
{ "trigger": "add_component without afterName, and no follow-up add_connection referencing the new component as either endpoint.", "why": "A new layer that's not wired is dead code. The agent occasionally proposes these when it forgets to chain edits; the warning flips the decision back to the user." }
G05
Shape inference (new)
block
shape
shape
https://neurarch.com/r/shape-inference-new
head-dim-divisibility
{ "trigger": "Propagates tensor shapes through the sandboxed post-action graph and surfaces only the issues the action would introduce. Sub-checks: attention embedDim % numHeads, GQA numHeads % numKVHeads, elementwise merge parent equality, concat axis compatibility, explicit linear inFeatures vs upstream, computeOut...
G06
Param range
warn
param-range
null
https://neurarch.com/r/param-range
null
{ "trigger": "A single parameter value falls outside its conventional range on add_component or update_params: e.g. dropout above 1, stride of 0, numHeads of 0. Uses the same convention-based ranges the inspector shows inline.", "why": "These are values the shape gate cannot see: the graph still propagates, the mod...
R01
No Input node
block
structure
null
https://neurarch.com/r/no-input-node
null
{ "trigger": "Model has ≥ 1 component but no component of type input.", "why": "Without an Input layer, tensor shapes can't be propagated and generated code is incomplete.", "fix": "Drag an Input layer from the I/O section of the palette." }
R02
No Output node
warn
structure
null
https://neurarch.com/r/no-output-node
null
{ "trigger": "Model has > 1 component but no component of type output.", "why": "Code generator can't tell where the forward pass terminates." }
R03
Isolated components
warn
structure
null
https://neurarch.com/r/isolated-components
null
{ "trigger": "Component has no inbound and no outbound connections.", "why": "Most often a stranded layer left over from a refactor. Code generator skips it but it inflates the visual graph." }
R04
Dead-end layer
warn
structure
null
https://neurarch.com/r/dead-end-layer
null
{ "trigger": "A non-output node has inbound connections but no outbound connections.", "why": "Compute happens but the result is discarded. Gradients flow into a black hole." }
R05
BatchNorm / LayerNorm after activation
warn
ordering
null
https://neurarch.com/r/batchnorm-layernorm-after-activation
null
{ "trigger": "A normalization layer is connected directly downstream of an activation (relu, gelu, swish, etc.).", "why": "Normalization is meant to stabilize the pre-activation distribution. Applying it after activation breaks the assumption and shifts already-nonlinear features back toward zero mean.", "source"...
R06
Dropout directly before BatchNorm
info
ordering
null
https://neurarch.com/r/dropout-directly-before-batchnorm
null
{ "trigger": "A dropout layer is connected directly upstream of a BatchNorm.", "why": "Dropout at train time changes the activation variance; BN's running statistics get distorted. A known train-vs-eval mismatch.", "source": "Li et al. 2018, \"Understanding the Disharmony Between Dropout and Batch Normalization\"...
R07
Softmax / Sigmoid directly before Output
info
ordering
null
https://neurarch.com/r/softmax-sigmoid-directly-before-output
null
{ "trigger": "An explicit Softmax or Sigmoid layer is wired directly into Output.", "why": "PyTorch's nn.CrossEntropyLoss applies LogSoftmax internally; an explicit Softmax before it double-applies and slows training. BCEWithLogitsLoss has the same issue with Sigmoid.", "source": "torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss docs."...
R08
Normalization at output
warn
ordering
null
https://neurarch.com/r/normalization-at-output
null
{ "trigger": "A normalization layer is wired directly into Output without a final linear / classification head.", "why": "Normalization zero-centers the logits, breaking calibration. The model's output scale is no longer meaningful." }
R09
Deep network with no residual connections
warn
pattern
null
https://neurarch.com/r/deep-network-with-no-residual-connections
null
{ "trigger": "≥ 8 weight-carrying layers (conv2d / linear / etc.) and zero residual / skip / add nodes.", "why": "Gradient signal degrades through depth without skip connections.", "source": "He et al. 2015, ResNet." }
R10
Attention without positional encoding
warn
pattern
null
https://neurarch.com/r/attention-without-positional-encoding
null
{ "trigger": "Model contains attention layers but no positional encoding (sinusoidal, learned, RoPE, ALiBi).", "why": "Self-attention is permutation-invariant. Without PE, the model is a bag-of-words and can't learn order.", "source": "Vaswani et al. 2017, Attention Is All You Need, Section 3.5." }
R11
Sigmoid / Tanh in deep networks
info
pattern
null
https://neurarch.com/r/sigmoid-tanh-in-deep-networks
null
{ "trigger": "Sigmoid or Tanh activation appears in a network with ≥ 5 weight-carrying layers.", "why": "Saturating activations vanish gradients in deep stacks. ReLU / GELU / SiLU are the modern defaults.", "source": "Glorot & Bengio 2010 on the vanishing gradient problem." }
R12
Deep network with no normalization
info
pattern
null
https://neurarch.com/r/deep-network-with-no-normalization
null
{ "trigger": "≥ 7 non-I/O layers and zero normalization layers (BN / LN / IN / GN / RMSNorm).", "why": "Without normalization, deep nets converge slowly and are sensitive to initialization scale." }
R13
Very high dropout rate
warn
performance
null
https://neurarch.com/r/very-high-dropout-rate
null
{ "trigger": "Any dropout layer with p > 0.65.", "why": "Common dropout rates are 0.1 to 0.5. Anything above 0.65 usually indicates a typo or a confused regularization strategy." }
R14
Very large activation tensor
warn
performance
null
https://neurarch.com/r/very-large-activation-tensor
null
{ "trigger": "Any layer's estimated activation tensor exceeds 50 M elements (~200 MB per sample at float32).", "why": "Activations live in GPU memory through the backward pass. One bloated layer forces tiny batch sizes or OOM." }
R15
MoE without auxiliary loss
info
pattern
null
https://neurarch.com/r/moe-without-auxiliary-loss
null
{ "trigger": "Model contains an MoE layer but no auxiliary load-balance loss is referenced.", "why": "Without an aux loss, experts collapse into a few dominant ones. Most papers add a 0.01 weight router-balance term.", "source": "Shazeer et al. 2017, Sparsely-Gated MoE, Section 4." }
R16
GQA numHeads not divisible by numKVHeads
block
structure
null
https://neurarch.com/r/gqa-numheads-not-divisible-by-numkvheads
gqa-head-divisibility
{ "trigger": "A groupedQueryAttention component has params where numHeads % numKVHeads != 0.", "why": "GQA groups query heads; the group size must divide the head count. Mis-set ratios crash on the first attention forward.", "source": "Ainslie et al. 2023, GQA." }
R17
SwiGLU intermediateSize convention
info
performance
null
https://neurarch.com/r/swiglu-intermediatesize-convention
null
{ "trigger": "A swiGLU / gated FFN has intermediateSize that doesn't follow the common ~(2/3) × 4 × hidden convention used in LLaMA / Mistral.", "why": "Param-count parity with standard FFN; mis-sized SwiGLU silently changes the FLOP and param budget.", "source": "Shazeer 2020, GLU Variants." }
R18
Conv feeds Linear with no flatten / pool
block
structure
null
https://neurarch.com/r/conv-feeds-linear-with-no-flatten-pool
null
{ "trigger": "A convolution (conv1d/2d/3d or a depthwise/separable/transpose variant) connects directly into a linear layer.", "why": "Conv outputs a multi-dimensional feature map; Linear expects a flat [batch, features] tensor. The forward pass raises a shape error, or silently mis-multiplies the spatial dims. Ins...
R19
Back-to-back activations
warn
ordering
null
https://neurarch.com/r/back-to-back-activations
null
{ "trigger": "An activation node (relu/gelu/silu/sigmoid/tanh/softmax/…) connects directly into another activation node with no Linear/Conv/Norm between them.", "why": "Two activations in a row add compute but no expressivity (same-type is a no-op duplicate). A common slip is ReLU → Softmax, which clips logits to ≥...
R20
Linear → Linear with no activation
info
pattern
null
https://neurarch.com/r/linear-linear-with-no-activation
null
{ "trigger": "A linear layer connects directly into another linear layer with no activation between them.", "why": "Two stacked linear maps collapse into one (W₂·W₁), so the extra layer costs parameters but adds no representational power, usually a forgotten ReLU. Deliberate low-rank / factorized projections (down-...
R21
Dropout immediately before Output
warn
ordering
null
https://neurarch.com/r/dropout-immediately-before-output
null
{ "trigger": "A dropout layer is the last node before the output node.", "why": "In training this randomly zeroes the final logits fed to the loss; at eval it is a no-op, so train and eval behaviour diverge. Dropout belongs before the final projection (Linear/Conv), not after it.", "source": "Srivastava et al. 20...
R22
Conv stride larger than kernel
warn
structure
null
https://neurarch.com/r/conv-stride-larger-than-kernel
null
{ "trigger": "A downsampling convolution (conv1d/2d/3d, depthwise, or separable) has stride > kernelSize.", "why": "The kernel jumps past its own footprint each step, so a band of the input is never read, a silent loss of information. Non-overlapping patches use stride == kernel (e.g. ViT 16/16); stride > kernel is...
R23
Non-spatial tensor into Conv
warn
structure
null
https://neurarch.com/r/non-spatial-tensor-into-conv
null
{ "trigger": "A flatten or linear layer connects directly into a (non-transpose) convolution.", "why": "Mirror of R18: a Conv needs a [channels, …spatial] feature map, but Flatten / Linear emit a flat [batch, features] vector. The forward pass raises a shape error unless the spatial dims are rebuilt with a Reshape ...
R24
Back-to-back normalization
info
pattern
null
https://neurarch.com/r/back-to-back-normalization
null
{ "trigger": "A normalization layer connects directly into another normalization layer (e.g. LayerNorm → BatchNorm).", "why": "Normalizing an already-normalized tensor is redundant; the second layer mostly re-centres/re-scales what the first produced and just burns its own learnable parameters.", "source": "Idemp...
R25
Duplicate positional encoding
info
pattern
null
https://neurarch.com/r/duplicate-positional-encoding
null
{ "trigger": "More than one positional-encoding layer (positionalEncoding, learnedPositionalEmbedding, rope, alibi) in the model.", "why": "Position is normally injected once. Stacking absolute + rotary, or two of the same, double-counts position and tends to hurt more than help.", "source": "Positional-encoding ...
R26
Pooling feeds Linear with no flatten
warn
structure
null
https://neurarch.com/r/pooling-feeds-linear-with-no-flatten
null
{ "trigger": "A spatial pooling layer (maxpool, avgpool, adaptive pool) connects directly into a linear layer. Global pools are exempt: they already collapse spatial dims.", "why": "Sibling of R18: pooling still emits a [channels, …spatial] map, but Linear expects a flat [batch, features] tensor, so the forward pas...
R27
Flatten before attention
warn
structure
null
https://neurarch.com/r/flatten-before-attention
null
{ "trigger": "A flatten layer connects directly into an attention layer.", "why": "Flatten collapses the sequence dimension into one long vector, leaving a length-1 sequence, so attention has nothing to relate. Keep the [sequence, dim] layout and flatten only after the attention stack.", "source": "Attention oper...
R28
ConvTranspose checkerboard risk
info
pattern
null
https://neurarch.com/r/convtranspose-checkerboard-risk
null
{ "trigger": "A ConvTranspose2d has kernelSize not divisible by stride (with stride > 1).", "why": "Uneven kernel overlap during upsampling deposits more weight on some output pixels than others, producing checkerboard artifacts. Make kernelSize a multiple of stride, or upsample with Upsample + Conv (resize-convolu...
R29
GroupNorm channels not divisible by numGroups
block
structure
null
https://neurarch.com/r/groupnorm-channels-not-divisible-by-numgroups
compute-error
{ "trigger": "A GroupNorm layer's channel count is not an exact multiple of numGroups.", "why": "GroupNorm splits channels into equal groups; a non-divisible count raises at construction. Parallel to the GQA / attention head-dim divisibility checks. Set numGroups to a divisor of the channel count.", "source": "Wu...
R30
Very large Linear layer
warn
performance
null
https://neurarch.com/r/very-large-linear-layer
null
{ "trigger": "A single Linear exceeds ~1B parameters (inFeatures × outFeatures).", "why": "A dense layer that large (~4 GB float32) almost always means a feature map was flattened without pooling first. Add a Global Average Pool / more downsampling, or factorize the layer. Embedding and vocab-projection heads are t...
R31
Full multi-head attention at LLM scale
info
performance
null
https://neurarch.com/r/full-multi-head-attention-at-llm-scale
null
{ "trigger": "A transformer stack (≥6 attention layers) at LLM width (embedDim ≥ 2048) uses full multi-head attention everywhere, with no grouped-query or latent attention present.", "why": "At real model scale the KV cache, not the weights, dominates serving memory. Full per-head K/V caching is what production LLM...
R32
Default init assumes ReLU, saturating activation follows
info
pattern
null
https://neurarch.com/r/default-init-assumes-relu-saturating-activation-follows
null
{ "trigger": "A Linear/Conv layer feeds a sigmoid or tanh activation directly.", "why": "PyTorch's default Kaiming (He) init is derived for ReLU-family activations. Feeding a saturating activation from a He-initialized layer starts training in the saturated tails and shrinks early gradients. Use Xavier init with th...
R33
Deep attention stack without depth-scaled init
info
pattern
null
https://neurarch.com/r/deep-attention-stack-without-depth-scaled-init
null
{ "trigger": "≥ 8 attention layers stacked in one model.", "why": "Residual-branch outputs add up with depth; unscaled init lets activation variance grow layer over layer. GPT-2/LLaMA-family models scale residual output projections by depth: N(0, 0.02 / √(2L)).", "source": "GPT-2 (Radford et al. 2019) init ...
R34
LM head width disagrees with embedding vocab
info
structure
null
https://neurarch.com/r/lm-head-width-disagrees-with-embedding-vocab
null
{ "trigger": "The model has an embedding with a numeric vocabSize and attention layers, but the final Linear feeding the Output projects to a different width.", "why": "A language model's head must project back to vocab size (and is usually weight-tied to the embedding); a mismatch means the model cannot emit token...
R35
KV cache exceeds serving budget at reference context
warn
performance
null
https://neurarch.com/r/kv-cache-exceeds-serving-budget-at-reference-context
null
{ "trigger": "Total fp16 K/V cache across all attention layers (GQA-aware: counts numKVHeads, skips MLA) exceeds 4 GB for a single 8,192-token sequence.", "why": "That much cache for ONE sequence is gone before weights or activations load; on a 24 GB GPU it caps concurrency at a handful of requests. Raise the GQA r...

Neurarch structural check catalogue

The 41 structural checks Neurarch runs on a model graph, as data: id, severity, category, the condition that triggers it, why it costs something, and the fix. These are the checks that run in the editor as a design is built, in CI through the GitHub Action, and over the wire at POST /api/v1/check, so the catalogue is the vocabulary any of those three surfaces grades in.

What the viewer shows

The viewer shows one row per check. checks.json is the same content with the index wrapper, which is the shape the API returns.

Fields

  • check id
  • severity
  • category
  • trigger condition
  • provenance

What this dataset is not

Severity is our editorial judgment, not a measured error rate. 3 of the 41 carry a non-null provenance field naming the study that grounds them; the rest follow from the shape algebra or from convention, and the entry says which. Reading the whole catalogue as measured would overstate it by 38 checks.

Verify a design of your own

These rows describe neural network graphs that were checked by a deterministic verifier, and the same verifier is callable:

curl -X POST https://www.neurarch.com/api/v1/check \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $NEURARCH_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d @graph.json

Cite

Neurarch. Neurarch structural check catalogue. https://neurarch.com/d/checks.html
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