Datasets:

naomatheus
/

localirac-benchmark

messages listlengths 2 2
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ### § 20.24.070. Maintenance and repair.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nOrdinary maintenance and repair of a nonconforming building and its equipment or fixtures is permitted, provided the value of the repair does not exceed twenty-five perce...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## § 15.12.040. Permits – When required – When not required.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nNo electrical equipment shall be installed within or on any building, structure or premises, public or privately owned, nor shall any alteration or ad...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ### § 18.04.140. Section 1302 added – Energy conservation.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nSection 1302 is added to the Uniform Building Code to read as follows:\n\n> For the purpose of energy conservation, the requirements of the Building Ene...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ### § 20.92.030. Permits not deemed approval of violations.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nThe issuance or granting of a building permit or approval of plans or specifications under the authority of a building code without a certificate of zo...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ### § 14.05.045. Electric service to vessels.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nThe harbormaster will, by permission of vessel owner, master, or managing agent, have the authority to enter any vessel connected to the municipal electrical system ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ### § 15.04.260. Meters – Location.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nThe property owner shall provide a place for installation of the meter that is acceptable to the water utility. The meter will be installed wherever the applicant desires with...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ### § 15.12.035. Permits – Approval – Posting – Fees – Issuance.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nElectrical installations shall be made only upon receipt of permits approved by the office of the electrical superintendent. Permits are to be pos...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ### § 18.16.020. Modifications.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nThe chief of the fire department shall have the power to modify any of the provisions of the Uniform Fire Code adopted by this chapter upon application in writing by the owner or ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ### § 18.24.120. Section 908 amended – Lien of assessment.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nSection 908 of the Uniform Code for the Abatement of Dangerous Buildings is amended by deleting subsections (.1) and (.2) and substituting the following...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ### § 19.44.010. Compliance required for building permit.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. No building permit shall be issued for a new building on a lot which did not exist as a described and recorded parcel prior to January 23, 1973, o...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## CHAPTER 6.10\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nBOROUGH LANDFILLS\n\n§ 6.10.010. Purpose.\n\nThe purpose of this chapter is to provide for the general welfare, public peace, health, and safety of the citizens of the Denali Borough.\n\n(Ord. 94...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## Minimum Road Design Standards*\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nRight-of-Way/ \nTrafficway Widths\n\n<table>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>Road Classification</th>\n <th>Minimum R.O.W.</th>\n <th>Minimum Trafficway Width</th>\n ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 13.20.030 Maintenance and repair.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. No person or entity shall occupy, utilize, or operate a constructed facility or site until the owner has submitted an as-built plan and executed a maintenance agreement in...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 13.20.020 Plan submittal.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. A permanent storm water control plan (PSWCP) for each project subject to the provisions of this chapter shall be submitted and accepted by the department prior to issuance of a si...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 12.16.050 Security.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nNo permit shall be issued to any applicant until the applicant has deposited with the Borough cash or a bond in an amount sufficient to accomplish the reconstruction hereafter required, as...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 15.04.070 Certificate of compliance.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. Once the applicant’s proposed development has been substantially completed, the applicant shall apply to the director for a certificate of compliance. This application ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 13.16.030 Standards.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. The specifications and standards set forth in the following documents will be used to execute the provisions of this chapter:\n\n1. EPA Storm Water Construction General Permit (CGP). T...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 17.56.140 Drainage.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. A drainage plan prepared, signed and sealed by a registered professional shall include, at a minimum, a description of the property, description of the drainage basin disturbed by the...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 17.56.100 Road geometrics and profiles.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. Where the deflection angle of two road tangents exceeds 10 degrees, a horizontal circular curve is required, the centerline radius of which shall not be less than as...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ### 15.16.020 Crash post minimums.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nAny fixed pressurized gas container exposed to any road or alleyway shall have protective barricades to the specifications below if it is within 10 feet of the roadway. A crash...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 18.120.040 Subdivision and utility regulations.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. The platting board shall deny permission to subdivide land within flood hazard areas unless the following requirements have been fulfilled:\n\n1. Require tha...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 15.12.090 Certification.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. A person subject to the reporting requirements of this chapter shall obtain a certificate of compliance with this chapter from the fire chief. An application for a certificate shal...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 21.29.050. Permit conditions applicable to all permits.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. The planning commission may require additional conditions for Type IV Endorsement sites. The planning commission or planning director, as applicable,...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 14.06.100. Road construction standards—Construction standards for maintenance certification.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. Typical section. Gravel roads shall be constructed in accordance with the Gravel Road Typical Section drawing an...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 21.29.045. Required compliance with State and Federal laws\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. All applicants for permits for earth materials extraction are required to demonstrate compliance with state and federal law. Prior to final approv...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 21.29.080. Permit close-out.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nWhen a permit expires, is revoked, or a permittee requests close-out of their permit, a review of permit conditions and site inspections will be conducted by the planning departme...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 14.06.010. Road construction standards—Introduction.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. Overview. The criteria set forth in KPB 14.06.080—.250 for the construction of local roads within the Kenai Peninsula Borough represent a minimum stan...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: #### 4. Construction Materials and Methods.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\na. All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed with materials and utility equipment resistant to flood damage.\n\nb. All new construction an...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 21.29.020. Types of permits available.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. Counter permit. A counter permit is required for earth material extraction which disturbs more than one acre and less than 5 cumulative un-reclaimed acres and is li...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: # SUBDIVISIONS\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\n20.40.060\n\n5. Evidence that separation distances set out in 18 AAC 72.020 will be met; if an area outside the subdivision boundary cannot be visually inspected to determine existence and positio...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 20.60.120. Accuracy of measurements.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nAll linear measurements shall be shown to the nearest $^{1/10}$ foot, and angular measurements shall be at least to the nearest minute. All lot areas shall be shown to the...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 21.29.100. Recordation.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nAll permits, permit extensions, modified permits, prior existing uses, and terminations will be recorded. Failure to record a material site document does not affect the validity of the...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 20.10.110. Building setback encroachment permits.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. Unless otherwise regulated by city zoning ordinances of properties within its boundaries, any person desiring to construct, or cause, an encroachment withi...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 14.06.060. Certification and inspections.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. Only roads that meet the design and construction standards set forth in this chapter may be certified by the RSA board for inclusion in the RSA maintenance program...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 20.40.060. Onsite treatment systems with individual marine outfalls.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. If any lots within a subdivision will employ an onsite treatment system plan with an individual marine outfall, the following requiremen...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 21.18.135. Exemption for emergency situations.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nA. In an emergency, the planning department, through its authorized representative, may issue temporary oral permits to protect life and property from imminent d...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 12.35.180 Protection of underground facilities and other utility installations.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\n(a) Every effort will be made to apprise a permittee under this chapter of underground facilities within the permitted area; suc...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 13.10.010 Sewer powers authorized, service area transition.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\n(a) The Ketchikan Gateway Borough has all powers necessary or incidental to providing the following services within the area of the borough outside ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 16.15.040 Notice to vacate.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\n(a) Posting. Every notice to vacate shall, in addition to being served as provided in KGBC 16.15.010(c), be posted at or upon each exit of the building and shall be in substantiall...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 13.15.040 Permit issuance.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\n(a) Application. The owner of the property to be served shall file an application for a sewer permit with the borough on such form and accompanied with the required fee and such f...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 13.05.140 Inspection.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\n(a) No person shall cover or backfill any water lateral, water line, pipe, or other water facility, which is constructed or installed pursuant to a water permit, or otherwise, without ha...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 13.05.200 Inspection, maintenance and repair.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nAny necessary inspection, cleaning, maintenance, or repair of any water lateral shall be performed at the expense of the property owner. Prior to engaging in any ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ### 12.30.130 Utility installations – Reference markers.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nThe director of public works may, as a condition to issuance of a permit for installation of any facilities, require the permittee to set and maintain per...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 14.25.090 Safety provisions.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\n(a) Key Boxes.\n\n(1) Where access to or within a structure or an area is restricted because of secured openings or when immediate access is necessary for life-saving or firefight...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 10.15.050 Ground safety.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nNo person shall fuel or defuel an aircraft at the air terminal while the engine or engines thereof are running or being preheated from an external source, or while in a hangar or encl...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 16.45.020 Extension of time to perform work.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nUpon receipt of an application from the person required to conform to the order and by agreement of such person to comply with the order if allowed additional time...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 13.05.030 Water permits.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nNo person shall make any opening into, or connect any water line, water lateral, pipe, or other device to, a public water system, or construct, install, repair, alter, reconstruct, re...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ### 1.15.080 Code of regulations.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\nThe assembly may in a single ordinance adopt or amend by reference provisions of a standard published code of regulations. The regular ordinance procedure applies except that ne...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ## 13.05.060 Metering.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\n(a) All property served by a water system owned and operated by the borough which is used for commercial or industrial uses shall be metered by a metering device approved by the borough. F...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "ORDINANCE TOPIC: Buildings\nORDINANCE HEADER: ### 16.20.010 General.\nORDINANCE CONTENT:\n(a) Procedure. When any work of repair or demolition is to be done pursuant to KGBC 16.45.010(c)(3), the director of public works shall issue an order and the work shall be accomplished ...

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

LocalIRAC: U.S. Local Ordinance Reasoning and Adaptation Dataset & Benchmark

LocalIRAC is an open-source legal reasoning benchmark and post-training dataset applying the legal pedagogy standard of Issue, Rule, Application, and Conclusion (IRAC) to the recently compiled LOCUS-v1 corpus (Peskoff et al., 2026) representing 2.2 million city and county laws across 9,239 local jurisdictions in the United States.

The dataset and benchmark were first presented at the 2026 Text as Data Conference (TADA) at the University of California, Berkeley.

Author: Matt K Robinson
Author Portfolio: mattmatt.world

Dataset & Sampling Architecture

To enforce scientific idempotency and enable exact row traceability from raw LOCUS data to final benchmark tasks, the dataset was systematically sampled from LOCUS-v1 using idempotent BigQuery SQL views (locus_ira_tad_nationwide_repeatable_view).

Deterministic 64-Bit Hashing

Since LOCUS documents lack a native single primary key, a canonical 64-bit deterministic hash (row_fingerprint) was computed to avoid alphabetical selection bias across municipalities:

FARM_FINGERPRINT(CONCAT(COALESCE(city, ''), COALESCE(county, ''), header, content)) AS row_fingerprint

Nationwide Geographic & Topical Balance

Records within each state-topic combination are partitioned using a SQL window function ordered by the deterministic hash:

ROW_NUMBER() OVER(
  PARTITION BY state, topic 
  ORDER BY row_fingerprint
) AS rn

This ensures uniform shuffling across municipalities and prevents regional skew.

Training Set (locus_ira_tad_train_repeatable_view): Sampled where rn <= 250 (~50,000 rows across 50 states).
Held-out Out-of-Sample Set (locus_ira_tad_out_of_sample_repeatable_view): Sampled where rn BETWEEN 251 AND 302 (~10,000 rows across 50 states) for true generalization evaluation.

Repository Files

This repository contains the following structured dataset files:

benchmark_tasks.jsonl: The master task dataset containing 49,705 natural-language citizen scenarios, source municipal codes, gold label reasoning trajectories, and target classifications/citations.
sft_train.json: The conversational compilation of the 49,705 tasks formatted for Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) in conversational chat format (user scenario / assistant IRAC trajectory).
sample_tasks_beta_1470.jsonl: A stratified evaluation sample of 1,470 tasks evenly balanced across all 50 states and 5 IRAC-J categories for testing.

Data Schema (Fields)

`benchmark_tasks.jsonl` / `sample_tasks_beta_1470.jsonl`

Each task entry contains the following schema:

task_id: String identifier (e.g. LOCALIRAC-WA-ZONING-04128)
task_type: String representing the IRAC-J category (Issue-Spotting, Rule-Recall, Rule-Application, Rule-Conclusion, or Jurisdictional-Hierarchy)
state: Two-letter U.S. state code
city/county: The local jurisdiction name
topic: Substantive domain (Zoning, Nuisance, Buildings, or Business)
ordinance_header: Header metadata of the ordinance
ordinance_content: The raw legal text of the local ordinance
citizen_scenario: Open-ended citizen inquiry scenario generated using Gemini 3.5 Flash
trajectory: A JSON object detailing the legal reasoning path:
- thinking: The structured chain-of-thought analysis explaining the Issue, Rule, and Application.
- citations: Exact section citations (e.g. Section 12.04.050) supporting the reasoning.
- answer: The final legal conclusion or target answer.

`sft_train.json`

Compiled in chat format:

messages: List of message objects:
- user: Formatted legal facts and scenario query.
- assistant: Ground-truth IRAC reasoning trajectory (JSON serialized string containing thinking, citations, and answer).

How to Load the Dataset

You can load these files directly using Python's json or pandas libraries, or stream them using the Hugging Face datasets library:

from datasets import load_dataset

# Load SFT conversational dataset
dataset = load_dataset("json", data_files="sft_train.json")
print(dataset["train"][0])

Acknowledgments

Thank you to Joe Barrow, Denis Peskoff, Professor Diag Davenport, James York-Winegar, Bobert "Doodle" Ross Valyi-Nagy, Ocsi "Rowdy" Robinson, and my colleagues at the School of Information.

We gratefully acknowledge the source data provided by the LOCUS project under the Local Laws Observatory at Responsibility Lab · University of California, Berkeley (Goldman School of Public Policy + School of Information).