name stringlengths 3 27 | country stringlengths 4 13 | iso3 stringlengths 3 3 | lat float64 -29.43 66.4 | lon float64 -110.62 148 | group stringclasses 4
values | stones stringlengths 4 38 | status stringclasses 4
values | description stringlengths 45 153 | coordinate_quality stringclasses 4
values | coordinate_precision_deg float64 0.01 0.15 ⌀ | notes stringlengths 18 186 ⌀ | sources stringlengths 33 196 | erebaur_url stringlengths 41 79 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Catoca | Angola | AGO | -9.4 | 20.3 | diamond | Diamond | active | Large kimberlite mine in Lunda Sul; Endiama 59%, Omani investor 41% since 2024 | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Catoca#mines |
Argyle | Australia | AUS | -16.71 | 128.4 | diamond | Diamond (pink, brown, white) | closed | Rio Tinto, 1985–2020; supplied over 90% of the world’s pink diamonds | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Argyle#mines |
Jwaneng | Botswana | BWA | -24.52 | 24.7 | diamond | Diamond | active | Debswana open pit, opened 1982; mining at about 452 m and planned to reach 816 m by 2034 | approximate | null | null | https://www.debswana.com/jwaneng/ | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Jwaneng#mines |
Karowe | Botswana | BWA | -21.51 | 25.47 | diamond | Diamond (large type IIa) | active | Lucara open pit on the AK6 pipe, producing since 2012; source of the 1,109 ct Lesedi La Rona (2015) and the 2,488 ct Motswedi (2024) | operator_stated | null | Coordinate stated by the operator. | https://scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2225-62532016000800004 | https://lucaradiamond.com/newsroom/news-releases/lucara-makes-diamond-history-recovers-1-111-carat-diamond-122558/ | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Karowe#mines |
Orapa | Botswana | BWA | -21.31 | 25.37 | diamond | Diamond | active | Debswana mine opened in 1971; largest diamond mine by area | approximate | null | “Largest by area” is the operator’s own characterization. | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Orapa#mines |
Diavik | Canada | CAN | 64.5 | -110.27 | diamond | Diamond | closed | Rio Tinto mine under Lac de Gras; final production March 2026 after more than 150 million ct | approximate | null | null | https://www.riotinto.com/en/news/releases/2026/rio-tintos-diavik-diamond-mine-delivers-its-final-production | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Diavik#mines |
Ekati | Canada | CAN | 64.71 | -110.62 | diamond | Diamond | closed | Canada’s first diamond mine (1998); receivership on 14 July 2026 ended mining as a going concern; wind-down of about five weeks, now care and maintenance | approximate | null | In care and maintenance under a court-appointed receiver; no permanent closure declared as of 15 September 2026. | https://www.pwc.com/ca/en/services/insolvency-assignments/arctic-canada-diamond-company.html | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Ekati#mines |
Gahcho Kué | Canada | CAN | 63.43 | -109.19 | diamond | Diamond | active | De Beers 51%, Mountain Province 49%; opened 2016, production expected to end in late 2027 | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Gahcho%20Ku%C3%A9#mines |
Mbuji-Mayi | DR Congo | COD | -6.15 | 23.6 | diamond | Diamond (much industrial grade) | artisanal | Kasai diamond fields developed by MIBA; widely worked by artisanal diggers | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Mbuji-Mayi#mines |
Kollur (Golconda workings) | India | IND | 16.72 | 80.03 | diamond | Diamond | historic | Alluvial workings of the Golconda group on the Krishna; Indian output peaked in the 1600s, and Brazilian finds of the early 1700s ended its lead | approximate | 0.1 | Mindat’s point for the Kollur Mine, about 2 km north of the Krishna, while the workings are described on the south bank. | https://www.gia.edu/diamonds-ancient-india-reading-list | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Kollur%20(Golconda%20workings)#mines |
Letseng | Lesotho | LSO | -29 | 28.86 | diamond | Diamond | active | Gem Diamonds 70%, Lesotho 30%; the highest diamond mine at about 3,100 m, worked for large high-value stones | approximate | null | null | https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/fall-2015-letseng-unique-diamond-proposition | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Letseng#mines |
Namibian marine fields | Namibia | NAM | -28.2 | 15.4 | diamond | Diamond | active | Debmarine Namibia’s Atlantic 1 license; seabed gravels mined at 90–140 m depth (approximate center) | weak | null | Estimated center of the Atlantic 1 license area. The 90–140 m mining depth is not confirmed from a primary source. | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Namibian%20marine%20fields#mines |
Jubilee (Yubileynaya) | Russia | RUS | 66 | 111.23 | diamond | Diamond | active | Alrosa open pit about 20 km from Aikhal, Yakutia | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Jubilee%20(Yubileynaya)#mines |
Mir | Russia | RUS | 62.53 | 113.98 | diamond | Diamond | closed | Alrosa pipe at Mirny, Yakutia; open pit ended 2001, underground mine flooded in 2017; a separate deeper mine is being sunk on the site | approximate | null | Mining has not resumed. A separate, deeper mine is being sunk on the site; its timetable rests on news wires, so no date is given. | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Mir#mines |
Udachny | Russia | RUS | 66.43 | 112.32 | diamond | Diamond | active | Alrosa pipe in Yakutia; open pit about 640 m deep, now mined underground | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Udachny#mines |
Koidu | Sierra Leone | SLE | 8.64 | -10.97 | diamond | Diamond | closed | Kimberlite mine in Kono district; operations halted in 2025 after a labor dispute | approximate | null | The 2025 halt rests on a trade-press report (MINING.COM), the chapter’s only trade-press source. | https://www.mining.com/web/sierra-leones-largest-diamond-miner-shuts-down-laying-off-more-than-1000-workers/ | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Koidu#mines |
Cullinan | South Africa | ZAF | -25.67 | 28.52 | diamond | Diamond (including blue type IIb) | active | Petra Diamonds; source of the 3,106.75 ct Cullinan diamond (1905) | approximate | null | null | https://scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2225-62532016000800005 | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Cullinan#mines |
Finsch | South Africa | ZAF | -28.36 | 23.44 | diamond | Diamond | closed | Petra Diamonds kimberlite mine at Lime Acres, Northern Cape; in business rescue, production suspended on 10 June 2026 | approximate | 0.05 | The Lime Acres point. In business rescue, production suspended on 10 June 2026. The chapter has no separate citation for this yet. | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Finsch#mines |
Kimberley (Big Hole) | South Africa | ZAF | -28.74 | 24.76 | diamond | Diamond | historic | Worked 1871–1914 to 240 m; about 14.5 million ct recovered | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Kimberley%20(Big%20Hole)#mines |
Venetia | South Africa | ZAF | -22.43 | 29.31 | diamond | Diamond | active | De Beers mine in Limpopo; moved from open pit to underground mining | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Venetia#mines |
Williamson (Mwadui) | Tanzania | TZA | -3.52 | 33.61 | diamond | Diamond (including pink) | active | Mwadui pipe, about 146 ha at surface; source of the Williamson Pink (1947); Petra sold its stake in May 2025 | approximate | null | Production after Petra’s May 2025 sale is not confirmed by an institutional source. | https://wp-petra-diamonds-2023.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/media/2025/10/25106-Petra_Diamonds-AR-2025-13.pdf | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Williamson%20(Mwadui)#mines |
Marange (Chiadzwa) | Zimbabwe | ZWE | -19.58 | 32.35 | diamond | Diamond (much near-gem and industrial) | active | Diamonds in weathered Umkondo conglomerate, rushed from 2006; operators folded into the state company ZCDC in 2016 | weak | 0.1 | Chiadzwa point. “Active” rests on ZCDC’s own description of its operations. | https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/summer-2018-black-diamonds-from-marange-zimbabwe-a-result-of-natural-irradiation-and-graphite-inclusions | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Marange%20(Chiadzwa)#mines |
Anakie gemfields | Australia | AUS | -23.5 | 147.65 | corundum | Sapphire | artisanal | Central Queensland alluvial field around Sapphire, Rubyvale and Anakie | weak | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Anakie%20gemfields#mines |
Pailin | Cambodia | KHM | 12.85 | 102.61 | corundum | Sapphire, ruby | historic | Gem fields once a leading sapphire source; exploited by the Khmer Rouge | weak | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Pailin#mines |
Kashmir (Padar) | India | IND | 33.16 | 76.09 | corundum | Sapphire | historic | Mines at about 4,600 m near Sumjam; main output 1882–1887 (point marks the Padar District) | weak | null | Padar District point, not the Sumjam mine. | https://cms.gia.edu/dam/jcr:14ffa273-3244-4c28-a324-3f0ff388c57e/Kashmir-Sapphire.pdf | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Kashmir%20(Padar)#mines |
Ilakaka | Madagascar | MDG | -22.69 | 45.21 | corundum | Sapphire | artisanal | Alluvial sapphire rush after a 1998 discovery | weak | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Ilakaka#mines |
Montepuez | Mozambique | MOZ | -13.12 | 39 | corundum | Ruby | active | Gemfields 75%, Mwiriti 25%; 33,600 ha concession near Montepuez town, mining since 2012 | weak | null | Town point; the mine lies to the east. | https://gemfields.com/about/our-mines-and-brands/montepuez-ruby-mine/ | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Montepuez#mines |
Mogok | Myanmar | MMR | 22.92 | 96.5 | corundum | Ruby, sapphire, spinel, peridot | artisanal | The classic ruby district; held by TNLA rebels from July 2024 to October 2025 | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Mogok#mines |
Mong Hsu | Myanmar | MMR | 21.9 | 98.36 | corundum | Ruby | artisanal | Shan State, about 250 km southeast of Mogok; marble-hosted ruby with violet cores, on the Bangkok market from 1992 | weak | null | Township node. Current output is undocumented; “artisanal” is a judgment. | https://www.gia.edu/doc/Rubies-from-Mong-Hsu.pdf | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Mong%20Hsu#mines |
Ratnapura | Sri Lanka | LKA | 6.68 | 80.4 | corundum | Sapphire, ruby, spinel, chrysoberyl | artisanal | Gem gravels worked from hand-dug pits 10–50 m deep | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Ratnapura#mines |
Chanthaburi | Thailand | THA | 12.61 | 102.27 | corundum | Ruby, sapphire | historic | Basalt-related gem gravels, now far less productive; major gem-trading town | approximate | null | Its role as a current trading center is unverified. | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Chanthaburi#mines |
Yogo Gulch | United States | USA | 46.85 | -110.31 | corundum | Sapphire | artisanal | Montana; unheated cornflower-blue sapphire mined from 1895, now mostly hobby mining | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Yogo%20Gulch#mines |
Luc Yen | Vietnam | VNM | 22.11 | 104.72 | corundum | Ruby, sapphire, spinel, tourmaline | artisanal | Yen Bai province; gems found in placers in 1987 and mined from 1988, now worked by small groups of local miners | weak | null | District centroid. | https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/wn13-long-gemstone-mining-vietnam | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Luc%20Yen#mines |
Panjshir Valley (Khenj) | Afghanistan | AFG | 35.43 | 69.74 | emerald | Emerald | artisanal | Informal mines at about 2,100–4,400 m; the village of Khenj lies about 113 km northeast of Kabul | approximate | null | The chapter’s editorial record gives elevations of about 2,100 to 4,300 m from GIA (Spring 1991); the description here says 4,400 m. | https://www.gia.edu/dam/jcr:86a21be8-7615-40d2-a4c1-b7c70c07d8a4/SP91A2.pdf | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Panjshir%20Valley%20(Khenj)#mines |
Belmont | Brazil | BRA | -19.7 | -43.14 | emerald | Emerald | active | Open pit and underground mine 13 km southeast of Itabira, worked since 1978; the largest colored-stone operation in Minas Gerais | weak | null | Computed from Itabira plus the 13 km southeast that GIA gives. | https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/spring-2012-brazil-emerald-lucas | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Belmont#mines |
Chivor | Colombia | COL | 4.88 | -73.37 | emerald | Emerald | active | Reached by the Spanish in 1537, abandoned, and reopened in the late 19th century | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Chivor#mines |
Coscuez | Colombia | COL | 5.75 | -74.08 | emerald | Emerald | active | Emerald district in San Pablo de Borbur municipality, western Boyacá | weak | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Coscuez#mines |
Muzo | Colombia | COL | 5.53 | -74.11 | emerald | Emerald | active | Western Boyacá; worked by the Muzo people before the Spanish, who took over from the 1540s | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Muzo#mines |
Shakiso | Ethiopia | ETH | 5.75 | 38.92 | emerald | Emerald | artisanal | Emeralds mined near Kenticha reached world markets in late 2016 (point marks the trading town) | weak | null | Trading town, not the mines near Kenticha. | https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/spring-2019-land-of-origins-gemological-expedition-ethiopia | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Shakiso#mines |
Swat valley (Mingora) | Pakistan | PAK | 34.77 | 72.36 | emerald | Emerald | active | Emerald in talc-carbonate rock of the Indus suture; Mingora opened in 1958, with Gujar Kili now the leading producer | approximate | null | null | https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/fall-2020-trace-element-characteristics-emeralds | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Swat%20valley%20(Mingora)#mines |
Malysheva (Mariinsky mine) | Russia | RUS | 57.12 | 61.4 | emerald | Emerald, alexandrite | active | Mine in the Ural emerald belt at Malyshevo; emerald and alexandrite come from the same schists, worked since the 1830s | approximate | 0.03 | Town node from OpenStreetMap (Nominatim). | https://www.gia.edu/doc/Fall-2010-Gems-Gemology-Diamond-Colored-Stone-Localities.pdf | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Malysheva%20(Mariinsky%20mine)#mines |
Kagem | Zambia | ZMB | -13.09 | 27.92 | emerald | Emerald | active | Open pit in the Ndola Rural Emerald Restricted Area, Copperbelt; Gemfields 75%, IDC 25% | weak | null | null | https://www.gemfieldsgroup.com/assets/kagem-mining-limited-emerald-mines/ | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Kagem#mines |
Sar-e-Sang | Afghanistan | AFG | 36.21 | 70.79 | other | Lapis lazuli | active | Kokcha valley, Badakhshan; lapis source of the ancient world | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Sar-e-Sang#mines |
Coober Pedy | Australia | AUS | -29.01 | 134.76 | other | Opal | artisanal | South Australia; opal found in 1915, more than 70 opal fields | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Coober%20Pedy#mines |
Lightning Ridge | Australia | AUS | -29.43 | 147.97 | other | Black opal | artisanal | New South Wales black opal field; first shafts sunk in 1905 | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Lightning%20Ridge#mines |
Capão mine (Ouro Preto) | Brazil | BRA | -20.42 | -43.64 | other | Imperial topaz | active | Minas Gerais; mechanised mine 3 km west of Rodrigo Silva, in the Ouro Preto district, the only known source of imperial topaz since the 1700s | approximate | 0.03 | Rodrigo Silva node from OpenStreetMap (Nominatim), moved 3 km west, the distance GIA gives. “Active” is judged, not sourced; the newest institutional confirmation is GIA, Winter 1996. | https://www.gia.edu/doc/Fall-2010-Gems-Gemology-Diamond-Colored-Stone-Localities.pdf | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Cap%C3%A3o%20mine%20(Ouro%20Preto)#mines |
São José da Batalha | Brazil | BRA | -7 | -36.85 | other | Copper-bearing (Paraíba) tourmaline | artisanal | Source of the first Paraíba tourmaline, which reached the gem market in 1989 (approximate location) | weak | null | null | https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/fall-1990-tourmaline-brazil-fritsch | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=S%C3%A3o%20Jos%C3%A9%20da%20Batalha#mines |
Teófilo Otoni district | Brazil | BRA | -17.86 | -41.51 | other | Aquamarine, topaz, tourmaline, quartz | artisanal | Gem-trading city for the pegmatite fields of northeastern Minas Gerais | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Te%C3%B3filo%20Otoni%20district#mines |
Zabargad (St John’s Island) | Egypt | EGY | 23.6 | 36.19 | other | Peridot | historic | Red Sea island 3.2 by 2.4 km, worked for peridot since antiquity; commercial mining ran from about 1906 until nationalisation in 1958 | published_coordinate | 0.01 | Coordinate printed by Gems & Gemology (Spring 1981); good to about 0.01 degrees. “Historic” rather than “closed”: nationalised in 1958 and later abandoned, with no closing date recorded. | https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/spring-1981-zabargad-peridot-gubelin | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Zabargad%20(St%20John%E2%80%99s%20Island)#mines |
Wegel Tena (Wollo) | Ethiopia | ETH | 11.59 | 39.21 | other | Play-of-color opal | artisanal | Precious opal found in 2008 in volcanic rock at about 3,000 m, worked from hand-dug tunnels by crews of 10 to 20 miners | approximate | null | null | https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/summer-2010-opal-ethiopia-rondeau | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Wegel%20Tena%20(Wollo)#mines |
Motagua valley | Guatemala | GTM | 15 | -89.81 | other | Jadeite | artisanal | The Mesoamerican jadeite source, rediscovered in 1952; jadeitite runs about 110 km along the north side of the valley, Baja Verapaz to Zacapa | approximate | 0.15 | Usumatlán node from OpenStreetMap (Nominatim), a district point on the north side of the valley. “Artisanal” is judged, not sourced. | https://www.gia.edu/doc/Fall-2010-Gems-Gemology-Diamond-Colored-Stone-Localities.pdf | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Motagua%20valley#mines |
Nishapur turquoise mines | Iran | IRN | 36.48 | 58.41 | other | Turquoise | active | Ancient mines at Ma’dan, about 50 km northwest of Nishapur, still worked | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Nishapur%20turquoise%20mines#mines |
Ago Bay | Japan | JPN | 34.3 | 136.8 | other | Akoya cultured pearl | active | Mie prefecture; Mikimoto’s experiments began here about 1890 and produced the first cultured pearls in 1893 | approximate | 0.03 | Bay center about 2 km southwest of Kashikojima, from OpenStreetMap (Nominatim). “Active” is judged, not sourced, from continued Japanese akoya output. | https://www.gia.edu/japanese-cultured-pearls-reading-list | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Ago%20Bay#mines |
Hpakant | Myanmar | MMR | 25.61 | 96.31 | other | Jadeite | active | Kachin State; the world’s main source of gem jadeite, worked in open pits through boulder-bearing conglomerate | approximate | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Hpakant#mines |
Yantarny (Primorskoye) | Russia | RUS | 54.87 | 19.94 | other | Amber | active | Kaliningrad amber combine; open pit worked since 1976 on the largest known amber deposit, 627 t produced in 2024 | approximate | null | null | https://rostec.ru/en/media/news/the-amber-combine-resumed-mining-at-the-world-s-largest-amber-field/ | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Yantarny%20(Primorskoye)#mines |
Mahenge (Epanko) | Tanzania | TZA | -8.73 | 36.68 | other | Spinel | artisanal | Pinkish red spinel crystals up to 54 kg found at Epanko in August 2007, a few kilometers southwest of Mahenge town | approximate | null | null | https://gem-a.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/JoG2023_38_5_Krzemnicki-annotated-v.2.pdf | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Mahenge%20(Epanko)#mines |
Merelani Hills | Tanzania | TZA | -3.55 | 37 | other | Tanzanite | active | Only commercial tanzanite source, about 7 × 2 km, enclosed by a 24 km wall | weak | null | null | https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources | https://erebaur.com/atlas/?site=Merelani%20Hills#mines |
Erebaur Gem Mining Localities
57 gem mining localities across 31 countries, from the mine map in Chapter 05 of the Erebaur encyclopedia: diamond, corundum (ruby and sapphire), emerald and other gem deposits, with coordinates, the stones produced, operating status as of September 2026 and a coordinate-quality grade.
57 rows, one CSV file: mining-localities.csv (UTF-8, comma-separated, header row).
Attribution
Required wherever the data is reused:
Data: Erebaur (https://erebaur.com), CC BY 4.0
The link goes to the matching page on the site, https://erebaur.com/atlas/. Keep it when you reproduce the line.
Data dictionary
| Column | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
name |
string | Locality name as used on the map. |
country |
country | Country, English short name. |
iso3 |
string | ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code. |
lat |
latitude | Latitude in decimal degrees (WGS 84). A mine or nearest-town position; see coordinate_quality. |
lon |
longitude | Longitude in decimal degrees (WGS 84). |
group |
string | Map layer: diamond, corundum, emerald or other. |
stones |
string | Stones the locality produces or produced. |
status |
string | active, artisanal, closed or historic, as of September 2026. |
description |
string | One-line description written for the encyclopedia. |
coordinate_quality |
string | operator_stated: the operator’s own coordinate. published_coordinate: printed in a journal. approximate: a mine or town position, typically good to 0.1 to 0.3 degrees. weak: named in the editorial review as one of the least certain points. |
coordinate_precision_deg |
numeric | Estimated precision in degrees, where the editorial review states one. Empty otherwise. |
notes |
string | What Erebaur’s editorial review records about this locality’s coordinate, status or description. Empty when it records nothing. |
sources |
string | Sources in Chapter 05’s list that are about this locality, separated by " | ". Otherwise the URL of the chapter’s full source list. |
erebaur_url |
url | The locality selected on the erebaur.com atlas map. |
Sources and how they were checked
The chapter was re-sourced in September 2026 against journals, government and intergovernmental bodies and operators’ own disclosures. One source is trade press (MINING.COM, for Koidu), and its row says so.
Coordinates are mine or nearest-town positions. Most were first taken from public gazetteers and are approximations; the editorial review grades the weakest of them, and the coordinate_quality and coordinate_precision_deg columns carry that grading. Karowe uses the operator’s stated coordinate and Zabargad the one printed in Gems & Gemology (Spring 1981). Four points added in September 2026 were located with OpenStreetMap through Nominatim (© OpenStreetMap contributors) and checked against a published distance where one exists, and one (Kollur) is Mindat’s point.
Status is the editorial judgment as of September 2026, from operator disclosures where they exist. The notes column says where a status is judged rather than sourced.
The full source list for the chapter, as published on the site: https://erebaur.com/chapters/mining/#sources
- Kimberley Process: Annual Global Summary 2025, production and exports
- Kimberley Process: Annual Global Summary 2024, production and exports
- USGS: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Gemstones
- European Commission: restrictions on diamonds under Council Regulation 833/2014
- IGF and IISD: Global Trends in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (2018)
- World Bank: working conditions of artisanal and small-scale miners (2021)
- IMF: Botswana 2025 Article IV consultation staff report
- World Bank: Macro Poverty Outlook, Botswana
- Debswana: Jwaneng mine
- De Beers Group: Strengthening our partnership with Botswana (2025)
- De Beers Group: Beneficiation
- SAIMM Journal: the CCUT block cave design for Cullinan Diamond Mine (2016)
- SAIMM Journal: pioneering large diamond recovery at Karowe diamond mine (2016)
- Lucara Diamond: recovery of a 1,111 carat diamond at Karowe (November 2015)
- Lucara Diamond: Annual Information Form 2025
- Lucara Diamond: Q2 2026 results
- Rio Tinto: Diavik diamond mine delivers its final production (March 2026)
- PwC Canada: Arctic Canada Diamond Company receivership, Ekati mine (2026)
- Petra Diamonds: Annual Report 2025, sale of Williamson
- Gemfields Group: Kagem emerald mine
- Gemfields: Montepuez Ruby Mine
- Rostec: the Kaliningrad amber combine and the Primorskoye deposit (2025)
- Maconachie, University of Bath: the Diamond Area Community Development Fund
- MINING.COM: Sierra Leone's largest diamond miner shuts down (2025)
- GIA Gems and Gemology: Letseng's unique diamond proposition (Fall 2015)
- GIA Gems and Gemology: black diamonds from Marange, Zimbabwe (Summer 2018)
- GIA Gems and Gemology: Kashmir sapphire, Atkinson and Kothavala (Summer 1983)
- GIA Gems and Gemology: rubies from Mong Hsu (Spring 1995)
- GIA Gems and Gemology: gemstone mining in Vietnam, Luc Yen (Winter 2013)
- GIA Gems and Gemology: emeralds of the Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan (Spring 1991)
- GIA Gems and Gemology: emerald mining in Brazil, Belmont and Capoeirana (Spring 2012)
- GIA Gems and Gemology: trace-element characteristics of emeralds, Swat (Fall 2020)
- GIA Gems and Gemology: a gemological expedition to Ethiopia (Spring 2019)
- GIA Gems and Gemology: play-of-color opal from Wegel Tena, Wollo (Summer 2010)
- GIA Gems and Gemology: cuprian elbaite from Sao Jose da Batalha (Fall 1990)
- Journal of Gemmology: spinel from Mahenge and Matombo, Tanzania (2023)
- GIA Gems and Gemology: Zabargad, the ancient peridot island in the Red Sea, Gubelin (Spring 1981)
- GIA Gems and Gemology: diamond and colored stone localities active 2000 to 2010, data depository to Shigley et al. (Fall 2010)
- GIA: historical reading list, diamonds in ancient India
- GIA: historical reading list, Japanese cultured pearls
Known limitations
- Typical coordinate error is 0.1 to 0.3 degrees, more for the points graded
weak. Do not use the points for anything that needs mine-level precision. - Status changes quickly: Ekati, Diavik, Finsch and Koidu all changed in 2025 or 2026. Treat
statusas a snapshot of September 2026. - The map is a selection of significant localities, not a register of every working. It is capped at 60 points.
- Four coordinates come from OpenStreetMap (ODbL 1.0) and one from Mindat; where a value came from a third-party database, that database’s terms continue to apply to it.
- Kimberley Process 2025 figures for Lesotho and Tanzania appear to repeat their 2024 values; no production figures are carried here.
License
CC BY 4.0. The license covers Erebaur’s compilation: the selection and arrangement of the rows, the column structure and the descriptive text Erebaur wrote. The underlying facts are not owned by anyone, and the publications listed above keep their own rights. See ../LICENSE.
Citation
Data: Erebaur (https://erebaur.com), CC BY 4.0. Erebaur Gem Mining Localities, compiled from the Erebaur encyclopedia, last reviewed 2026-09-19. https://erebaur.com/atlas/
A machine-readable citation is in CITATION.cff.
Regenerating
These files are generated from the encyclopedia content. Do not edit them by hand: run npm run datasets in the site repository.
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