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The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: CastError
Message: Couldn't cast
created_at: timestamp[s]
chat_template: string
tokenizer_path: string
shard_size: int64
total_samples: int64
n_shards: int64
datasets: struct<keural_qa_en: struct<n_samples: int64, n_shards: int64, shards: list<item: struct<file: strin (... 39 chars omitted)
child 0, keural_qa_en: struct<n_samples: int64, n_shards: int64, shards: list<item: struct<file: string, n_samples: int64, (... 17 chars omitted)
child 0, n_samples: int64
child 1, n_shards: int64
child 2, shards: list<item: struct<file: string, n_samples: int64, sha256: string>>
child 0, item: struct<file: string, n_samples: int64, sha256: string>
child 0, file: string
child 1, n_samples: int64
child 2, sha256: string
license: string
text: string
n_tokens: int64
source_name: string
to
{'text': Value('string'), 'source_name': Value('string'), 'license': Value('string'), 'n_tokens': Value('int64')}
because column names don't match
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1779, in _prepare_split_single
for key, table in generator:
^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 299, in _generate_tables
self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 128, in _cast_table
pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2321, in table_cast
return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2249, in cast_table_to_schema
raise CastError(
datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
created_at: timestamp[s]
chat_template: string
tokenizer_path: string
shard_size: int64
total_samples: int64
n_shards: int64
datasets: struct<keural_qa_en: struct<n_samples: int64, n_shards: int64, shards: list<item: struct<file: strin (... 39 chars omitted)
child 0, keural_qa_en: struct<n_samples: int64, n_shards: int64, shards: list<item: struct<file: string, n_samples: int64, (... 17 chars omitted)
child 0, n_samples: int64
child 1, n_shards: int64
child 2, shards: list<item: struct<file: string, n_samples: int64, sha256: string>>
child 0, item: struct<file: string, n_samples: int64, sha256: string>
child 0, file: string
child 1, n_samples: int64
child 2, sha256: string
license: string
text: string
n_tokens: int64
source_name: string
to
{'text': Value('string'), 'source_name': Value('string'), 'license': Value('string'), 'n_tokens': Value('int64')}
because column names don't match
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1348, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 980, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 882, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 943, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1646, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1832, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the datasetNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
text string | source_name string | license string | n_tokens int64 |
|---|---|---|---|
<|im_start|>user
How many people are estimated to live in the Aberdeen floating village in Hong Kong?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The Aberdeen floating village, located at Aberdeen Harbour on Hong Kong Island, is home to an estimated population of approximately 6,000 people. This unique community consists of about... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 104 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the name of Alabama's capital city?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The capital city of Alabama is **Montgomery**.
Located in the central part of the state, Montgomery holds significant historical importance. During the American Civil War, it served as the first capital of the Confederate Sta... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 142 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the name of the alloy invented by Henry "Hank" Rearden?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Henry "Hank" Rearden invented a revolutionary alloy known as **Rearden Metal**.
This material is a cornerstone of his character's industrial achievement within the narrative. Rearden Metal is distinguished... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 148 |
<|im_start|>user
In what year was Alain Connes awarded the Fields Medal?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Alain Connes was awarded the Fields Medal in 1982.
The Fields Medal is widely considered the most prestigious award in the field of mathematics. It is presented every four years by the International Mathematical U... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 153 |
<|im_start|>user
How many teams and divisions comprise the American Football Conference (AFC)?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The American Football Conference (AFC) is composed of 16 teams. To ensure organized competition and balanced scheduling, these teams are subdivided into four distinct divisions: the East, Nort... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 151 |
<|im_start|>user
Where is the largest natural deposit of bitumen in the world located?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The largest natural deposit of bitumen on Earth is the **Pitch Lake**, which is situated in the southwestern region of **Trinidad**.
This extraordinary geological formation is estimated to contain ap... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 158 |
<|im_start|>user
Who did Aristotle tutor at the request of Philip II of Macedon beginning in 343 BC?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Aristotle tutored **Alexander the Great** at the request of Philip II of Macedon.
This period of tutoring began in 343 BC and represents a significant intersection of philosophy and po... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 165 |
<|im_start|>user
Who directed the 1979 film Alien?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The 1979 science fiction masterpiece *Alien* was directed by the British filmmaker **Ridley Scott**.
This film is widely considered a landmark in cinema history, as it successfully blended elements of science fiction with psychologica... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 168 |
<|im_start|>user
In what year was the Academy Award for Best Art Direction changed to its current name, Best Production Design?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The Academy Award for Best Art Direction was officially renamed to its current title, **Best Production Design**, in **2012**.
This transition took place duri... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 169 |
<|im_start|>user
What specific challenge did the author include in every illustration of the book?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
In the book *Animalia*, Graeme Base incorporates a unique interactive element designed to engage readers through a game of visual discovery. Beyond the primary task of identifying various ... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 183 |
<|im_start|>user
In what year was the first Academy Awards ceremony held, and at which hotel did it take place?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The inaugural Academy Awards ceremony took place on May 16, 1929. Rather than being a large-scale televised production, the event was a private dinner function held at The Hol... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 196 |
<|im_start|>user
On what date did Algeria gain its independence?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Algeria officially gained its independence on **July 5, 1962**.
This date marked the end of a significant period of French colonial rule, which had begun with the invasion of the country in 1830. The struggle for sovereig... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 203 |
<|im_start|>user
According to legend, why was Achilles' heel his only vulnerable body part?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Achilles' vulnerability was the result of a ritual performed by his mother, the Nereid Thetis, during his infancy. In an attempt to make her son immortal and invulnerable to any physical harm, sh... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 212 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the central premise regarding the cast of the film Actresses?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The central premise regarding the cast of *Actrius* is its strictly all-female composition. In a deliberate artistic choice, the film features no male actors, with every single role being portrayed by... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 206 |
<|im_start|>user
What percentage of the world's agricultural land is operated by the largest one percent of farms?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The largest one percent of farms in the world operate more than 70 percent of all agricultural land.
To understand this figure, it is helpful to look at the significant di... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 211 |
<|im_start|>user
In which US state is the capital city of Austin located?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The capital city of Austin is located in the state of **Texas**.
To understand this more deeply, it is helpful to look at the political geography of the United States. Texas is a massive state located in the Sout... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 211 |
<|im_start|>user
How did the merger of the early townships in 1940 result in the creation of the town of Burra?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The creation of the town of Burra was the result of a consolidation process involving the township of Aberdeen, South Australia. In 1940, the administrative structures and ter... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 131 |
<|im_start|>user
Who are the parents of Apollo and his twin sister Artemis?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Apollo and his twin sister, Artemis, are the children of **Zeus**, the king of the Olympian gods, and the Titaness **Leto**.
In Greek mythology, their lineage is significant because it places them at the heart ... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 221 |
<|im_start|>user
Who were the three astronauts on the Apollo 8 mission?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The three astronauts who crewed the historic Apollo 8 mission were **Frank Borman**, **James Lovell**, and **William Anders**.
These men achieved several unprecedented milestones during their journey in December 19... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 226 |
<|im_start|>user
Who is the computer scientist sometimes regarded as the first computer programmer?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Ada Lovelace (1815–1852) was an English mathematician and writer who is widely recognized as the world's first computer programmer.
She is celebrated for her pioneering work on Charles ... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 235 |
<|im_start|>user
Who popularized the term altruism as an antonym of egoism?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The term "altruism" was popularized, and is widely believed to have been coined, by the 19th-century French philosopher and sociologist **Auguste Comte**.
To understand why he chose this term, it is helpful to ... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 254 |
<|im_start|>user
What are the specific circumstances under which police custody in France can be extended beyond the initial 24-hour period?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
In France, while the general rule dictates that an individual cannot be held in police custody for more than 24 hours following an arrest, there a... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 245 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the etymological origin of the word "anarchism" and what does it mean in Ancient Greek?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The word "anarchism" finds its roots in the Ancient Greek term ***anarkhia***. To understand its meaning, it is helpful to break the word down into its linguistic components:... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 264 |
<|im_start|>user
What specific eye disease did Aldous Huxley contract in 1911 that prevented him from pursuing a career in medicine?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
In 1911, Aldous Huxley contracted a medical condition known as **Keratitis punctata**.
To understand the impact of this disease, it is helpful to look at... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 260 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the primary difference between agriculture and agronomy as described in the document?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
While the terms are often used interchangeably in casual conversation, there is a distinct conceptual difference between agriculture and agronomy regarding their scope and appl... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 274 |
<|im_start|>user
Who are the two co-princes that currently head the Principality of Andorra?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The Principality of Andorra is unique in its political structure because it is governed by a system of diarchy, meaning it is led by two distinct heads of state known as **co-princes**. This arr... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 264 |
<|im_start|>user
Who composed the music for "America the Beautiful" and what was the original title of the melody he created in 1882?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The music for "America the Beautiful" was composed by Samuel A. Ward, a church organist and choirmaster at Grace Episcopal Church in Newark, New Jersey.
... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 262 |
<|im_start|>user
How is the Ada protein induced?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The Ada protein is an enzyme that is induced through the treatment of bacterial cells.
<|im_end|> | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 58 |
<|im_start|>user
What are the three living orders of amphibians belonging to the subclass Lissamphibia?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
All living amphibians belong to the subclass **Lissamphibia**, which is categorized into three distinct biological orders:
1. **Anura (Frogs and Toads):** This is the most diverse an... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 277 |
<|im_start|>user
Which two Austroasiatic languages are currently considered the national languages of sovereign states?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Within the vast Austroasiatic language family, only two languages currently hold the status of being the national language of a sovereign state: **Vietnamese** and **K... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 282 |
<|im_start|>user
How did Allan Dwan accidentally begin his career as a film director in 1911?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Allan Dwan's transition from a scriptwriter to a film director was the result of a fortuitous series of events involving a missing production company. In 1911, while working for Essanay Studios... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 289 |
<|im_start|>user
What specific instruments did George Gershwin add to the standard symphony orchestra for the composition of An American in Paris?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
To achieve the specific jazz-influenced sound and the atmospheric urban character he envisioned for *An American in Paris*, George Gershwin ... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 301 |
<|im_start|>user
Why was the category's name changed from Best Art Direction to Best Production Design in 2012?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The name of the category was changed from Best Art Direction to Best Production Design during the 85th Academy Awards in 2012 due to a structural reorganization within the Aca... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 165 |
<|im_start|>user
What are the primary sources of funding for the American National Standards Institute's (ANSI) annual operating budget?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) sustains its operations through a diverse mix of revenue streams, primarily driven by its role as a c... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 312 |
<|im_start|>user
Who were the three astronauts involved in the Apollo 11 mission?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The Apollo 11 mission, which achieved the historic first human landing on the Moon in July 1969, was carried out by a crew of three highly trained astronauts, each assigned a specific and vital role to ens... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 322 |
<|im_start|>user
What unique achievement distinguishes Andre Agassi from all other men in tennis history?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Andre Agassi holds a singular distinction in the history of professional men's tennis: he is the only man to have achieved a **career Super Slam**.
To understand why this is such a... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 322 |
<|im_start|>user
Into which six branches do most linguists divide the Afroasiatic language family?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The Afroasiatic language family is a massive and diverse group of languages that is traditionally categorized into six distinct branches. These branches help linguists organize the vast di... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 332 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the primary purpose and timing of an answer in common law proceedings following the service of a complaint or indictment?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
In common law proceedings, an answer serves as the defendant's formal response to the allegations brought against them. Its primary purpose ... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 339 |
<|im_start|>user
What was the earliest known certain ancestor of the letter "A"?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The earliest known certain ancestor of the letter "A" is the letter **aleph**, which served as the first character in the Phoenician alphabet.
To understand its evolution, it is helpful to look at the lin... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 360 |
<|im_start|>user
Why must alkali metals be stored under oil?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Alkali metals must be stored under oil because they are exceptionally high in chemical reactivity, particularly when exposed to the components of our atmosphere.
The primary reason for this storage method is to create a phys... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 346 |
<|im_start|>user
What historical period and political ideology does George Orwell's Animal Farm reflect?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
*Animal Farm* serves as a profound historical allegory that mirrors the trajectory of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent rise of the Stalinist era in the Soviet Union.... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 349 |
<|im_start|>user
What standard of review does an appellate court generally use when reviewing a lower court's decision on an issue of fact?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
When an appellate court reviews a lower court's decision regarding an issue of fact, it generally applies a standard of review known as **clear err... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 359 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the primary difference between assistive technology and adaptive technology according to the document?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The primary difference between assistive technology and adaptive technology lies in their scope and intended user base. While the two terms are closely related... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 376 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the primary distinction Peter T. Daniels makes between an abugida, an abjad, and an alphabet?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Peter T. Daniels categorizes writing systems into three distinct types based on how they represent the relationship between consonants and vowels through their grapheme... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 376 |
<|im_start|>user
How did Achilles become vulnerable in only one part of his body?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Achilles became vulnerable in only one part of his body due to a ritual performed by his mother, the Nereid Thetis, when he was an infant.
To grant him near-invincibility, Thetis dipped him into the Rive... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 201 |
<|im_start|>user
What are the four primary subfields of anthropology mentioned in the text?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Anthropology is a multifaceted discipline divided into several core branches that allow researchers to study the human experience from diverse perspectives. The four primary subfields are:
**1. ... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 385 |
<|im_start|>user
How did the premature announcement of winners by the Los Angeles Times in 1940 cause the Academy to change its method of revealing winners the following year?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
In 1940, the *Los Angeles Times* published the names of the winners before the actual ceremony had even taken p... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 214 |
<|im_start|>user
Who developed the analysis of variance (ANOVA)?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was developed by the British statistician **Ronald Fisher**.
While the fundamental mathematical building blocks of ANOVA—such as hypothesis testing, the least-squares method, and the parti... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 404 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the difference between bi-hemispherical reflectance and albedo in terms of solar angles?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
To understand the difference between bi-hemispherical reflectance and albedo, it is necessary to look at how light is measured in relation to the geometry of the sun and the... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 405 |
<|im_start|>user
How does the author incorporate an additional challenge into each illustration?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
To add an extra layer of engagement and difficulty for the reader, the author has hidden a small, subtle image of himself as a child within every single one of the twenty-six illustrations. ... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 243 |
<|im_start|>user
How much did the United States pay to purchase Alaska from the Russian Empire in 1867?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
In 1867, the United States purchased the territory of Alaska from the Russian Empire for a total of **$7.2 million**.
To understand the significance of this transaction, it is helpfu... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 402 |
<|im_start|>user
What were the common aims of alchemists in their attempts to purify, mature, and perfect certain materials?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Alchemists pursued several profound and interconnected objectives through their practice of purifying and perfecting materials. These goals were not merely physic... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 420 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the name of the philosophical system developed by Ayn Rand?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The philosophical system developed by Ayn Rand is known as **Objectivism**.
Objectivism is a comprehensive worldview that encompasses ethics, politics, epistemology, and aesthetics. It is built upon se... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 422 |
<|im_start|>user
Why did Francisco d'Anconia decide to bankrupt the d'Anconia business?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Francisco d'Anconia decided to bankrupt the d'Anconia copper mining operation as a strategic move to protect the family's wealth and assets from being exploited or seized by others.
His reasoning f... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 307 |
<|im_start|>user
How many wins does each of the following individuals have: Cedric Gibbons, Edwin B. Willis, Richard Day, Thomas Little, Walter M. Scott, and Lyle R. Wheeler?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
| Individual | Number of Wins |
| :--- | :--- |
| Cedric Gibbons | 11 |
| Edwin B. Willis | 8 |
| Richard Day | ... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 141 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the primary difference between observational and theoretical astronomers?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The primary difference between observational and theoretical astronomers lies in their methodology and how they interact with celestial phenomena. While both branches aim to understand the... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 430 |
<|im_start|>user
What are the different geographical locations categorized under the name Ada in Africa, Asia, and Europe?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
### Geographical Locations Named Ada
**Africa**
1. Ada Foah, a town in Ghana
2. Ada (Ghana parliament constituency)
3. Ada, Osun, a town in Nigeria
**Asia**
1. Ad... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 190 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the difference between the terms used for space travelers fielded by Russia versus those fielded by China?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The terminology used to describe space travelers is often rooted in the specific language and national space programs of the country conducting the mission... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 446 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the difference between the origin of chloroplasts in green algae versus those in diatoms and brown algae?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The difference between the chloroplast origins in green algae compared to diatoms and brown algae lies in the complexity of the evolutionary process known a... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 499 |
<|im_start|>user
How many of the 128 ASCII code points are printable characters?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Out of the 128 total code points in the ASCII character set, exactly **95** are printable characters.
To understand this more deeply, it is helpful to look at how the 128 characters are categorized:
### 1... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 464 |
<|im_start|>user
What was the primary purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation issued by Abraham Lincoln in 1863?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, was a transformative executive order that fundamentally changed the legal and social landscape of... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 463 |
<|im_start|>user
How many seconds behind TAI is UTC currently, and what is the reason for this specific difference?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is currently exactly **37 seconds** behind International Atomic Time (TAI).
To understand why this specific gap exists, it is helpful to ... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 485 |
<|im_start|>user
How is the name Austin related to the name Augustine?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The name Austin is a derivative or a short form of the name Augustine. The relationship between the two can be understood through the following linguistic and etymological steps:
1. **Etymological Origin**: The name... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 307 |
<|im_start|>user
How does a person become classified as an enemy alien?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
To be classified as an enemy alien, two specific conditions must be met simultaneously:
1. **Legal Status as an Alien:** The individual must first be a person residing in a country who is not a national of that spe... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 355 |
<|im_start|>user
What are the different editions of the book Animalia and their respective publication years?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
### Editions of Animalia
**Standard Editions**
1. Original edition: 1986
2. Tenth anniversary edition: 1996
3. 25th anniversary edition: 2012
**Special Edition**
* Numbered an... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 125 |
<|im_start|>user
What are the specific neurological phenomena traditionally used to explain the illusion of animation?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The illusion of animation—the sensation that a series of static images is actually a continuous, fluid motion—is a complex psychological and neurological occurrence. Wh... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 514 |
<|im_start|>user
Compare the Academy Awards to the Emmy, Tony, and Grammy Awards based on the information provided.
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
### Comparison of Major American Entertainment Awards
| Feature | Academy Awards (Oscars) | Emmy Awards | Tony Awards | Grammy Awards |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :---... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 175 |
<|im_start|>user
What were the two final films directed by Andrei Tarkovsky after he left the Soviet Union?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
After leaving the Soviet Union due to creative conflicts with state authorities, Andrei Tarkovsky directed two final feature films in Europe.
The first of these was **Nostalghia*... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 144 |
<|im_start|>user
How did the presence of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center contribute to Alabama's economic growth in the mid-to-late 20th century?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The presence of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville acted as a primary catalyst for Alabama's economic transformation durin... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 444 |
<|im_start|>user
How did the eye disease Keratitis punctata affect Huxley's career aspirations?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The eye disease Keratitis punctata had a profound and transformative impact on Aldous Huxley's life by forcing a complete redirection of his professional goals.
The impact can be understood ... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 322 |
<|im_start|>user
How does a team's final divisional standing from the previous season affect its upcoming 17-game regular season schedule?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
A team's final divisional standing from the previous season serves as a primary driver in determining the composition of its 17-game regular season ... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 441 |
<|im_start|>user
How did the sights Bates encountered during her train trip to Colorado Springs influence the content of her poem?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The sights Bates encountered during her 1893 train journey served as the direct creative inspiration for the imagery used in her poem. Her observations of t... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 319 |
<|im_start|>user
How does a defendant in New Zealand use a "no plea" response to facilitate their legal process?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
In New Zealand, a defendant can utilize a "no plea" response during their first court appearance to strategically manage their legal defense. This process functions through t... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 339 |
<|im_start|>user
What are the different terms used to describe the party who files an appeal and the party on the opposing side?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
In the United States legal system, the terminology used to identify the parties in an appeal changes from the original trial to the appellate stage. The speci... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 573 |
<|im_start|>user
What specific satirical solution does Jonathan Swift propose in his 1729 essay to address the economic troubles of the impoverished Irish?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
In his 1729 essay, Jonathan Swift proposes a shocking and grotesque solution to the economic hardships faced by the impoverished Ir... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 572 |
<|im_start|>user
How did the geographic difficulty of the High Pyrenees valleys affect their administration by the Moors?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The geographic complexity of the High Pyrenees valleys played a decisive role in how the Moors managed these territories during their occupation of the Iberian Penin... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 341 |
<|im_start|>user
In the context of linguistics, what is an argument?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
In linguistics, an **argument** refers to a specific type of syntactic relationship between a verb and the other elements in a clause. Essentially, it is a constituent (such as a noun phrase) that is required by the ve... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 594 |
<|im_start|>user
How does the film's origin as a stage play affect its cinematic qualities according to critics?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The film's origins as a stage play have a significant impact on its cinematic identity, primarily by limiting its visual and narrative evolution beyond the confines of theate... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 406 |
<|im_start|>user
What are the main advantages of using an abacus compared to modern calculators and computers?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The abacus offers several unique practical advantages that distinguish it from modern electronic calculating tools like calculators and computers. While modern technology excel... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 603 |
<|im_start|>user
How did the unavailability of the lunar module lead to the change in the Apollo 8 mission profile?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The change in the Apollo 8 mission profile was a direct result of technical delays regarding the development of the lunar module. Originally, the mission was designed to b... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 396 |
<|im_start|>user
Why did the Hatch Act of 1887 drive a scientific revolution in agriculture in the United States?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The scientific revolution in agriculture within the United States following the Hatch Act of 1887 was primarily driven by a practical necessity to understand the chemical co... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 361 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the fundamental difference between a Brønsted–Lowry acid and a Lewis acid?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The fundamental difference between a Brønsted–Lowry acid and a Lewis acid lies in the specific chemical mechanism they use to interact with other substances: one focuses on the transfer o... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 617 |
<|im_start|>user
How did Allan Dwan's accidental trip to California lead to his career as a film director?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Allan Dwan's transition from a scriptwriter to a director was the result of a specific sequence of events involving a missing film company and a leadership crisis.
The process unf... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 350 |
<|im_start|>user
Why did Cain kill Abel according to the narrative in Genesis?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Cain killed Abel because of intense jealousy stemming from the way God responded to their respective offerings.
Both brothers presented sacrifices to God: Abel, a shepherd, offered the firstborn of his floc... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 145 |
<|im_start|>user
What are the different primary meanings of the term "alien"?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The term "alien" primarily refers to the following:
1. **Legal Status**: A person residing in a country who is not a national of that country.
2. **War-time Status**: An "enemy alien," which refers to a non-n... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 161 |
<|im_start|>user
How does the prefix m- function within the Afroasiatic language family?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Within the Afroasiatic language family, the prefix *m-* serves a specific morphological function related to word formation. Specifically, it acts as a derivational tool used to transform verbs into ... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 334 |
<|im_start|>user
How did the service module support the command module during the mission?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The service module (SM) acted as the primary life-support and functional backbone for the command module (CM) during the Apollo 11 mission. While the command module served as the pressurized livin... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 346 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the primary difference between the study of anatomy and the study of physiology?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The fundamental difference between anatomy and physiology lies in the distinction between **structure** and **function**. While these two disciplines are deeply interconnected and o... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 643 |
<|im_start|>user
What is the relationship between the atomic number (Z), the neutron number (N), and the atomic mass number (A)?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The relationship between the atomic number, the neutron number, and the atomic mass number is a fundamental principle of nuclear physics that defines the comp... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 639 |
<|im_start|>user
How did the Sétif and Guelma massacre in 1945 influence the trajectory of Franco-Algerian relations?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The Sétif and Guelma massacre in 1945 served as a critical historical catalyst that fundamentally altered the relationship between France and Algeria, shifting it from a... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 466 |
<|im_start|>user
Who were the three astronauts on the Apollo 8 mission?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The three astronauts on the Apollo 8 mission were:
1. Frank Borman
2. James Lovell
3. William Anders
<|im_end|> | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 76 |
<|im_start|>user
How did the rise of organized hierarchical bodies affect skepticism toward authority?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The rise of organized hierarchical bodies acted as a catalyst for increased skepticism toward authority. Historically, human societies functioned for long periods without the presence ... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 414 |
<|im_start|>user
How does Apollo bring about both healing and deadly plagues?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Apollo’s dual nature as both a healer and a bringer of disease is rooted in his mastery over archery and his role as a divine force of influence. This duality can be understood through the following logical pr... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 469 |
<|im_start|>user
What are the different types of literary works included in Aldous Huxley's bibliography?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Aldous Huxley's bibliography includes the following types of literary works:
1. **Fiction**
* Novels
* Short stories
2. **Non-Fiction**
* Essays
* Narratives
* Travel writing... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 120 |
<|im_start|>user
How did the establishment of a library in the Lyceum facilitate the production of Aristotle's extensive writings?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The establishment of a library at the Lyceum played a critical role in Aristotle's ability to produce his massive body of work by providing the necessary in... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 517 |
<|im_start|>user
What were the different professional roles held by Allan Dwan throughout his career?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Throughout his career, Allan Dwan held the following professional roles:
1. **Director**
2. **Producer**
3. **Screenwriter**
<|im_end|> | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 84 |
<|im_start|>user
Who are the main actresses in the film and which characters do they play?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
| Actress | Character |
| :--- | :--- |
| Núria Espert | Glòria Marc |
| Rosa Maria Sardà | Assumpta Roca |
| Anna Lizaran | Maria Caminal |
| Mercè Pons | Estudiant |
<|im_end|> | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 114 |
<|im_start|>user
How did Ravel's high praise in an introductory letter to Nadia Boulanger influence Gershwin's plans regarding his time in Paris?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Maurice Ravel's high praise for George Gershwin, delivered in an introductory letter to the renowned teacher Nadia Boulanger, served as a sig... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 372 |
<|im_start|>user
How does bitumen function to bind aggregate particles like gravel in road construction?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
In road construction, bitumen acts as the binding agent that transforms loose mineral materials into a durable, cohesive surface known as asphalt concrete. The process of binding agg... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 572 |
<|im_start|>user
Why is the arithmetic mean considered a non-robust statistic when dealing with skewed distributions or outliers?
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
The arithmetic mean is considered a non-robust statistic because it is highly sensitive to extreme values, commonly known as **outliers**. In statistics, a "... | keural_qa_en | cc-by-4.0 | 698 |
End of preview.
keural-QA-chatml-en
mkd-chanwoo/keural-QA-en 데이터셋을 SFT 학습용 ChatML 포맷으로 전처리한 영어 QA 데이터셋입니다.
영어 Wikipedia 문서를 시드로 Gemma-4-26B 모델이 생성한 단일턴 QA로 구성되어 있습니다.
데이터셋 개요
| 항목 | 값 |
|---|---|
| 총 샘플 수 | 1,580,359 |
| 총 토큰 수 | 약 408M |
| 평균 토큰 / 샘플 | 258.2 |
| 최대 토큰 | 4,096 |
| 언어 | English (100%) |
| 포맷 | ChatML |
| 라이선스 | CC BY 4.0 |
토큰 분포
| 구간 | 샘플 수 | 비율 |
|---|---|---|
| 0 ~ 512 | 1,480,270 | 93.7% |
| 512 ~ 1024 | 99,693 | 6.3% |
| 1024 ~ 2048 | 395 | 0.02% |
| 2048 ~ 4096 | 1 | <0.01% |
태스크 유형 분포 (원본 기준)
| task_type | 비율 |
|---|---|
| general_qa | ~33.5% |
| reasoning | ~33.5% |
| structured_output | ~33.0% |
전처리 필터 요약
| 단계 | 입력 | 출력 | 제거 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 수집 | 1,594,245 | 1,594,245 | — |
| 구조화 | 1,594,245 | 1,594,245 | 0 |
| 클린 | 1,594,245 | 1,594,245 | 0 |
| 품질 필터 | 1,594,245 | 1,594,203 | 42 |
| 안전 필터 | 1,594,203 | 1,593,005 | 1,198 |
| 중복 제거 | 1,593,005 | 1,580,359 | 12,646 |
| 최종 | — | 1,580,359 | — |
포맷
ChatML 형식의 단일턴 QA입니다.
<|im_start|>user
{question}
<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
{answer}
<|im_end|>
데이터 컬럼
| 컬럼 | 타입 | 설명 |
|---|---|---|
text |
string | ChatML 포맷 변환된 대화 전문 |
source_name |
string | keural_qa_en |
n_tokens |
int | 토큰 수 |
전처리 파이프라인
- Collect — HuggingFace에서 스트리밍 다운로드
- Structure —
question→ user 턴,answer→ assistant 턴으로 변환 - Clean — 빈 턴, 역할 순서 오류 제거
- Quality — 최소 응답 길이 5자 필터
- Safety — 유해 콘텐츠 필터링
- Dedup — exact hash + MinHash 기반 중복 제거 (exact: 146, near-dup: 12,500)
- Format — ChatML 템플릿 적용
- Tokenize — 최대 시퀀스 길이 8,192 토큰 (overflow: truncate)
원본 데이터
- 출처: mkd-chanwoo/keural-QA-en
- 원본 규모: 1,594,245 샘플
- 생성 모델: google/gemma-4-26B-A4B-it
- 시드 문서: 영어 Wikipedia
- 라이선스: CC BY 4.0
사용 방법
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("mkd-chanwoo/keural-QA-chatml-en", split="train")
print(ds[0]["text"])
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