Patent ID: 8436807

Claim:
A display comprising: a first substrate, including: a plurality of first walls extending substantially perpendicular from an inner surface of said first substrate, said plurality of first walls forming a plurality of cells; a plurality of electrically conductive elements, each conductive element being associated with a corresponding one of said plurality of cells, said electrically conductive element being electrically isolated from each of said plurality of walls; and a transparent thin-film (TFT) structure disposed on an inner surface of said first substrate, said TFT structure being arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, wherein an intersection of one of said rows and one of said columns corresponds to one of said plurality of electrically conductive elements; a second substrate, separated from the first substrate by a selected distance and forming a cavity between said first and said second substrate, said plurality of first walls having a height less than said cavity, wherein a gap is formed in an area between an upper surface of said plurality of said first walls and an inner surface of the second substrate; a substantially clear, substantially particle free, suspension fluid disposed within said cavity, said suspension fluid being substantially uniformly distributed throughout said cavity and in fluid communication with each of said plurality of cells; a first plurality of first electrically charged particles provided within each of said plurality of cells; means for selectively applying a voltage to each of said plurality of first walls; and means for applying a voltage to selected ones of said plurality of TFTs, wherein said voltage applied to said selected ones of said plurality of TFTs causes said selected TFTs to apply a voltage to a corresponding electrically conductive element to be one of: greater than a voltage applied to a corresponding one of said first walls and less than a voltage applied to a corresponding one of said first walls.