Patent ID: 7981315

Claim:
Polar molecules dominated electrorheological (PM-ER) fluids comprising a mixture of dispersed phase of solid particles and liquid dispersing medium, wherein the solid particles contain polar molecules or polar groups, at least a portion of the polar molecules or polar groups comprising at least one functioning polar bond that is C═O, O—H, N—H, F—H, C—OH, C—NO2, C—H, C—OCH3, C—NH2, C—COOH, C—C1, C—S, S—H, or N═O; are exposed on the surface of the solid particles or absorbed onto the surface of the solid particles; dipole moment of the polar molecules or polar groups is 0.5-10 deb and size is 0.1-0.8 nm; dielectric constant of the solid particles is higher than 50, the size of the solid particles is about 10-300 nm, and the polar molecules or polar groups comprise about 0.01-50 molar percent of the dispersed phase, and conductance of the liquid medium is lower than 10 −8 S/m, and dielectric constant of the liquid medium is lower than 10.