Patent ID: 7811469

Claim:
A vertical alignment film comprising: a polymerizable liquid crystal compound having negative dielectric constant anisotropy, wherein the polymerizable liquid crystal compound having negative dielectric constant anisotropy is the compound represented by the following General Formula (I): K 1 -L 1 -(Z 1 -A 1 ) m -Z 3 -M-Z 4 -(A 2 -Z 2 ) n -L 2 -K 2 General Formula (I) wherein K 1 represents a polymerizable group, L 1 and L 2 are the same or different, and each represent a divalent spacer group, Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 are the same or different, and each represent a divalent connecting group, A 1 and A 2 are the same or different, and each represent a divalent cyclic group, m and n are the same or different, and each represent an integer of 0 to 3, M represents any of the groups represented by the following General Formulas (2) to (7), and K 2 is any one of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituent group, and a polymerizable group, wherein in the General Formulas (2) to (7), R 1 to R 8 each represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, CF 3 or CN; in the General Formula (2), at least one of R 1 and R 2 is not a hydrogen atom; in the General Formula 3 at least one of R 1 to R 3 is not a hydrogen atom; in the General Formula (4), at least one of R 1 to R 8 is not a hydrogen atom; in the General Formula (7), X and Y each represent any one of oxygen atom, sulfur atom, and NR 100 , the R 100 representing a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and EWG represents an electron withdrawing group, and wherein the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is vertically aligned against the surface of a substrate, and then the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is fixed to form the vertical alignment film.