Patent ID: 7862972

Claim:
A toner binder for developing electrostatic images, comprising a polycondensation polyester resin produced in the presence of at least one titanium-containing catalyst (a) represented by the following general formula (I) or (II): Ti(â€”X)m(â€”OH)nâ€ƒâ€ƒ(I) Oâ•Ti(â€”X)p(â€”OR)qâ€ƒâ€ƒ(II) wherein X is a residue formed by removing H of one OH group from a mono- or poly-alkanolamine having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein in the case of a polyalkanolamine, the other OH group or each of one or more of other OH groups may be intramolecularly polycondensed with another OH group directly bound to the same Ti atom, to which the residue is bound, to form a ring structure, or, alternatively, or simultaneously when two or more of other OH groups are incorporated, may be intermolecularly polycondensed with an OH group directly bound to a Ti atom of another molecule to form a structure containing two or more Ti atoms at a polymerization degree of 2 to 5; R is H or a C1 to C8 alkyl group which may have 1 to 3 ether bonds; m is an integer of 1 to 4, n is an integer of 0 to 3, and the sum of m and n is 4; p is an integer of 1 to 2, q is an integer of 0 to 1, and the sum of p and q is 2; and when m or p is 2 or more, two or more Xs may be the same or different.