Patent ID: 7071008

Claim:
A method of modifying electrical properties of a two-terminal memory element in a cross point memory array, comprising: providing a substrate with active circuitry and multiple layers of conductive paths; supplying a plurality of two-terminal memory elements between pairs of conductive array lines in a cross point array directly over the substrate, each two-terminal memory element comprising a praseodymium (Pr), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and oxygen (O) perovskite as a multi-resistive state material; doping the multi-resistive state material to modify at least one electrical property of the multi-resistive state material; and applying at least one electrical pulse to the pair of conductive array lines, the electrical pulse having a selected polarity, a selected width, a selected maximum value and a selected waveform so as to create an electric field in the multi-resistive state material greater than a threshold electric field value to reversibly change the resistivity of the multi-resistive state material, the pulse having a pulse energy less than a pulse energy required to damage the multi-resistive state material.