Patent ID: 8142975

Claim:
A method of making toner particles, comprising: forming a slurry by mixing together an emulsion comprising: a latex of a first polymer or resin, a colorant, an optional wax, and optional additives; heating the slurry to a predetermined aggregation temperature and maintaining the slurry within 0.5° C. of the aggregation temperature to form aggregated particles in the slurry; forming a shell on the aggregates by adding a latex of a second polymer or resin to the slurry while mixing; freezing aggregation of particles by raising a pH of the aggregated particles and slurry mixture to a freezing aggregation pH; heating the mixture to a predetermined coalescence pH adjustment temperature, and then lowering the pH of the mixture to a predetermined coalescence pH; heating the mixture to a predetermined coalescence temperature at a controlled rate of about 0.1° C./min to about 1.5° C./min; and maintaining the temperature of the mixture at the coalescence temperature to coalesce the aggregates into toner particles.