Patent ID: 7384577

Claim:
A method of forming a lead-free black electrode comprising: supplying a substrate; supplying a lead-free black conductive composition comprising, based on the weight percent of the total composition (a) 4-30 weight percent conductive metal oxides selected from RuO 2 , one or more lead-free ruthenium-based polyoxides, and mixtures thereof, wherein the surface area to weight ratio of the conductive metal oxide is less than or equal to 15 m 2 /g; (b) 10-50 weight percent lead-free bismuth-based glass binder, wherein said glass binder comprises, based on weight percent total glass binder: 0-5% BaO, 2-15% B 2 O 3 , 0-3% SiO 2 , 0-1% Al 2 O 3 , 8-20% ZnO, and 70-90% Bi 2 O 3 , and (c)0-30 weight percent lead-free non-conductive black oxide; applying said black conductive composition onto said substrate: and sintering at a temperature in the range of 500-600° C. to form a black electrode; and wherein said black electrode comprises a crystallized glass component over the entire sintering range of 500-600° C.