Patent ID: 8313908

Claim:
A method of up-regulating the gene expression of BMP 2 and 4, TGF-beta 1, 2, and 3, FGF-2, and osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase and of increasing bone formation by human stem cells in targeted tissue, comprising the steps of: generating at least one specific and selective signal having a frequency of approximately 60 kHz that when applied to one or more field generating devices operatively disposed with respect to said targeted tissue causes the generation of an electric and/or electromagnetic field having an amplitude of approximately 10 to 60 mV/cm in the targeted tissue that is specific and selective for the up-regulation of the gene expression of BMP 2 and 4, TGF-beta 1, 2, and 3, FGF-2, and osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in the targeted tissue as measured by mRNA when said field is applied to the targeted tissue containing said BMP 2 and 4, TGF-beta 1, 2, and 3, FGF-2, and osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase; and exposing said targeted tissue to the specific and selective field generated by said one or more field generating devices upon application of said at least one specific and selective signal thereto for a duration of approximately 12 hours per 24 hour period at a duty cycle between 50% and 100% so as to selectively up-regulate the gene expression of BMP 2 and 4, TGF-beta 1, 2, and 3, FGF-2, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase as measured by mRNA in said targeted tissue as a result of exposure to said field in the targeted tissue.