Patent ID: 7126542

Claim:
An antenna array, comprising: a semiconductor substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface; a plurality of heavily-doped contact regions extending from the first surface to the second surface; a plurality of antennas formed on an insulating layer adjacent the first surface, each antenna being coupled to corresponding ones of the contact regions by vias; driving circuitry formed on the second surface of the substrate, wherein the driving circuitry is configured such that each antenna corresponds to an RF beam forming interface circuit adapted to perform at least one of phase-shifting and attenuating an RF signal according to a transmit beam forming command to form an RF driving signal for driving the corresponding antenna, the RF beam forming interface circuit also adapted to perform at least one of phase-shifting and attenuating a received RF signal from the corresponding antenna according to a receive beam forming command, and a waveguide network formed in a network substrate adjacent the second surface, wherein the waveguide network is adapted to provide the RF signal to and to receive the received RF signal from each RF beam forming interface circuit.