Patent ID: 8872524

Claim:
A switching apparatus comprising: a first substrate provided with a via that electrically connects a top surface thereof and a bottom surface thereof, while maintaining an air-tight state between the top surface and the bottom surface; a second substrate provided on the first substrate and in which is formed a through-hole that houses an actuator; and a third substrate provided on the second substrate and supporting the actuator, which has a moveable contact point; wherein the actuator includes a support layer, a first piezoelectric film formed on a top surface of the support layer, a second piezoelectric film that is provided on a surface of the support layer opposite the surface on which the first piezoelectric film is formed, facing the first piezoelectric film across the support layer, and that expands and contracts according to drive voltage to change a bowing amount of the actuator, electrode layers that are respectively provided on top surfaces and bottom surfaces of each of the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film and apply drive voltages thereto, and a second conductive oxide film that has a conductive oxide formed between the second piezoelectric film and the electrode layer on a side of the second piezoelectric film opposite the support layer.