Patent ID: 8455163

Claim:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member, comprising: a conductive substrate; a photoconductive layer on the conductive substrate; and a surface layer made of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide on the photoconductive layer, wherein the ratio (C/(Si+C)) of the number of carbon atoms (C) to the sum of the number of silicon atoms (Si) and the number of carbon atoms (C) in the surface layer is 0.61 to 0.75, both inclusive, the sum of the density of silicon atoms and the density of carbon atoms in the surface layer is 6.60×10 22 atoms/cm 3 or more, an arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface layer defined by JIS B0601:2001 is 0.029 μm to 0.500 μm, both inclusive, a ten point average roughness Rzjis of the surface layer defined by JIS B0601:2001 is 0.100 μm to 2.000 μm, both inclusive, and an average length Rsm of a roughness curve element of the surface layer defined by JIS B0601:2001 is 1.0 μm to 150.0 μm, both inclusive.