Patent ID: 8083926

Claim:
A method of measuring the concentration of a material in a sample, comprising the steps of: obtaining a sample which can be detected; contacting the sample with a sensor, wherein the sensor comprises an electrode; and one or more nanopore sensors comprising a cyclodextrin in the form of a nanopore, electrocatalytically active and affixed to said electrode, wherein the one or more nanopore sensors are oriented vertically on the electrode and wherein direct electron transfer (DET) occurs between the one or more nanopore(s) and the electrode when a voltage is applied to the electrode, and wherein the cyclodextrin forms a uniform arrayed-nanopore membrane in a range of about 10-20 nm pore size and with its pin-hole free, and wherein the sensor has a nanopore channeling effect; measuring the current between the one or more nanopore sensors and the electrode; and correlating the concentration of the material in the sample with the intensity of the current being measured, and wherein said one or more, nanopore sensors comprising said cyclodextrin further comprises at least one imidazole group which has a conformation which mimics histidine residue (His-516) of glucose oxidase.