Patent ID: 8619831

Claim:
A surface emitting laser element, comprising: a substrate made of GaAs; a lower multilayer film reflecting mirror formed on the substrate and formed of a periodic structure of a low-refractive-index layer made of Al x Ga 1-x As, where 0.8â‰¦xâ‰¦1, and a high-refractive-index layer formed of Al y Ga 1-y As, where 0â‰¦yâ‰¦x, at least one of the low-refractive-index layer and the high-refractive-index layer being of n-type; an upper multilayer film reflecting mirror provided above the lower multilayer film reflecting mirror, and formed of a periodic structure of a low-refractive-index layer and a high-refractive-index layer; an active layer provided between the lower multilayer film reflecting mirror and the upper multilayer film reflecting mirror; and a p-side electrode and an n-side electrode which are provided above the substrate, and configured to inject an electric current into the active layer, wherein the lower multilayer film reflecting mirror is added with an n-type dopant, and a warp of the substrate is equal to or more than a warp of Î´ in Î¼m defined by equation (1) below, where x ave denotes an average Al composition in the lower multilayer film reflecting mirror, n ave in cm âˆ’3 denotes an average addition concentration of the n-type dopant, d in Î¼m denotes a thickness of the substrate, D in inches denotes a length of a longest one of lines each extending from one of vertexes of the substrate through a center of gravity of the substrate to an edge of the substrate Î´ = 1.71 Ã— 10 6 â¢ Î» Ã— [ ( 1.39 Ã— 10 - 3 ) â¢ x ave - ( 1.28 Ã— 10 - 23 ) â¢ n ave ] Ã— ( D d ) 2 . ( 1 )