Patent ID: 8436174

Claim:
A compound of Formula (II): wherein: A is chosen from {—}C(O){—}, {—}C(═CH 2 ){—}, {—}CH 2 {—}, {—}CH(A 1 ){—}, and {—}C(A 1 ){=}; A 1 is chosen from hydroxy, alkoxy, acyloxy, amido, hydrocarbyl, and substituted hydrocarbyl; R 1 , R 2 , and R 7 are independently chosen from hydrocarbyl and substituted hydrocarbyl; R 3 and R 4 are independently chosen from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl and substituted hydrocarbyl; R 5 and R 6 are independently chosen from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, halogen, {—}OH, and {—}OR 7 ; R 8 is chosen from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, and substituted hydrocarbyl; X is an anion; Y, if present, is chosen from hydrogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, alkoxy, and acyloxy; Z is chosen from hydroxy, protected hydroxy, alkoxy, and acyloxy; and the dashed lines between the carbon atoms at positions 6 and 7, 7 and 8, and 8 and 14 represent carbon to carbon bonds chosen from (a) single bonds between all carbon atoms, wherein the carbons at positions 6 and 14 may be connected by an alkano bridge; (b) single bonds between the carbons at both positions 6 and 7 and 8 and 14, and a double bond between the carbons at positions 7 and 8; and (c) double bonds between the carbons at both positions 6 and 7 and 8 and 14, and a single bond between the carbons at positions 7 and 8, wherein Y is not present if there is a double bond between the carbons at positions 8 and 14.