Patent ID: 8906298

Claim:
A substrate of which contamination of a surface is prevented or reduced, of which a surface is protected, or of which a surface is made hydrophilic, characterized by arranging successively in relation to the substrate: an electrostatically negatively charged first layer containing a negatively-charged substance; an intermediate layer formed between said substrate and said first layer; and an electrostatically positively charged second layer containing a positively-charged substance or containing a positively-charged substance and a negatively-charged substance, on the surface of the substrate or in a surface layer of the substrate, wherein said positively-charged substance is at least one substance having positive charges selected from the group consisting of (1) a positive ion of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal, cobalt, nickel, iron, copper, manganese, zirconium, and zinc; (2) a conductor or dielectric having positive charges; and (3) a composite formed from a conductor having positive charges and a dielectric or a semiconductor, wherein the substrate has negative charges, and a negatively-charged substance produced from the intermediate layer is changed to a positively-charged substance due to the electrostatically negatively charged first layer, or a negatively-charged substance produced from the intermediate layer does not reach the second layer due to the electrostatic repulsion caused by the first layer, wherein the electrostatically positively charged second layer is not neutralized by the negatively-charged substance, and wherein a surface protective function of the electrostatically positively charged second layer is not impaired.