Patent ID: 8656685

Claim:
A reinforced structural flexural member made of reinforced concrete comprising a concrete beam or column having a plastic hinge portion at or near the maximum moment region defined by a tension zone and a compression zone existing simultaneously when subject to a bending moment under loading on the member, wherein; a) at least a portion of material within the compression zone of the plastic hinge portion comprises a ductile compressive material which is elasto-plastically or nearly elastoplastically deformable, the ductile compressive material being selected from the group consisting of metallic materials, cementitious materials, rubber cement materials, composite materials, elastomeric materials, or a combination thereof, wherein voids or bubbles are provided in the ductile compressive material to increase ductility; b) concrete material adjacent to the compression zone having a compressive strength higher than a compressive strength of the ductile compressive material, said ductile compressive material having greater ductility than said adjacent concrete material, and said ductile compressive material is limited to the compression zone in the plastic hinge portion; c) a total compressive strength of the flexural member is not greater than a total tensile strength of the flexural member for preventing tensile rupture; and d) the ductile compressive material assumes a substantially block-shaped configuration and plastic deformation is mainly concentrated in the ductile compressive material of the plastic hinge to maintain an adequate load carrying capacity before structural failure.