Patent ID: 7989131

Claim:
A toner, comprising: a binder resin; and a wax consisting essentially of C—H and C—C bonds, and having a melting point of 50 to 90° C., wherein the wax is present, in a surface portion ranging from an outermost surface of the toner to a depth of 0.3 μm, in an amount of from 0.1 to 4.0% by weight, which is determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR); wherein the toner comprises the wax in an amount of from 0.5% to 4.0% by weight, which is determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wherein the toner is manufactured by a method comprising emulsifying or dispersing a toner constituent mixture liquid comprising a dispersion of the wax, in an aqueous medium, and wherein the wax has a volume average particle diameter of from 0.1 to 2 μm in the toner constituent mixture liquid.