Patent ID: 6924468

Claim:
A system for heating material, comprising: a first layer upon which said material may be placed for heating said material, wherein said first layer has sufficient conductivity to allow heat to travel through said first layer; a heater layer chemically and molecularly bonded to said first layer, which is capable of providing heat to said first layer for heating said material, said heater layer having a coefficient of thermal expansion that is larger than a coefficient of thermal expansion of said first layer; and an insulator layer chemically and molecularly bonded to said heater layer for protecting said heater layer from contaminants, wherein said insulator layer has a coefficient of thermal expansion that is lower than a coefficient of thermal expansion of said heater layer, wherein said coefficient of thermal expansion of said neater layer, in comparison to said coefficient of thermal expansion of said first layer and said coefficient of thermal expansion of said insulator layer results in said heater layer being compressed within said first layer and said insulator layer when said heater layer is heated.