Patent ID: 8846937

Claim:
A mono quaternary ammonium compound of formula: wherein A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , and A 5 are each carbon; wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, halo, cyano, and nitro; wherein Z 1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, phenylene, substituted phenylene, alkoxy, and substituted alkoxy; wherein Z 2 is selected from the group consisting of substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, arylene, substituted arylene, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, alkoxy and substituted alkoxy; wherein Z 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, and substituted heterocycle; and wherein X − is an inorganic or organic anion.