Patent ID: 8494037

Claim:
A method of estimating an instantaneous frequency of a complex primary signal, the method comprising: determining a normalized complex primary signal based, at least in part, on the complex primary signal; determining a normalized complex incident signal based, at least in part, on the normalized complex primary signal; determining a complex reference signal based, as at least in part, on the normalized complex incident signal; determining a complex error signal based, at least in part, on the normalized complex primary signal and the complex reference signal; minimizing an error of the complex error signal; iteratively adapting a complex coefficient or a normalized phase of a complex exponential, the iteratively adapting being based, at least in part, on the minimized error; estimating the instantaneous frequency of the complex primary signal, the estimating being directly from the normalized phase or indirectly by extracting a phase of the complex coefficient; and storing an indication of the estimated instantaneous frequency in at least one memory.