Patent ID: 7342706

Claim:
An electrochromic element comprising: a semiconductor material which is a nanoporous semiconductor material having a roughness factor of 20 or higher; and an electrochromic material on a surface of the semiconductor material, the electrochromic material comprising at least one of electrochromic materials represented by formulas (1), (2) and (3): wherein V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , V 4 , V 5 , V 6 , V 7 , V 8 , V 9 , V 10 , V 11 , V 12 , V 13 , V 14 , V 15 , V 16 , V 17 , V 18 , V 19 , V 20 , V 21 , V 22 , V 23 and V 24 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 and L 6 each independently represents a methine group or a nitrogen atom; n 1 , n 2 and n 3 each independently represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; M 1 , M 2 and M 3 each independently represents a charge balancing counter ion, and m 1 , m 2 and m 3 each independently represents a number equal to or larger than 0 necessary for neutralizing a charge of a molecule; and in the case n 1 , n 2 and n 3 are 0, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each independently represents an aryl group, and compounds represented by the formulas (1) to (3) each independently has at least a group selected from a sulfo group, a phosphono group and a phosphato group.