Patent ID: 7993773

Claim:
An electrochemical apparatus comprising: a) a metallic, a polymeric, or a doped or undoped silicon substrate having a first side and a second side; b) a first electrochemically active cell on said first side further comprising a positive part, a negative part, said parts further comprising one or more terminals; c) a first barrier layer on said first side which chemically separates said first electrochemically active cell from said metallic, polymeric, or doped or undoped silicon substrate; d) a second electrochemically active cell on said second side further comprising a positive part, a negative part, said parts further comprising one or more terminals; e) a second barrier layer on said second side which chemically separates said second electrochemically active cell from said substrate; f) wherein said first barrier layer comprises a plurality of sublayers, wherein each of the sublayers of said plurality of sublayers comprise electrically conducting or semiconducting material g) wherein said second barrier layer comprises a plurality of sublayers.