Patent ID: 8459467

Claim:
A solid oxide fuel cell, comprising: a) an anode layer; b) an electrolyte layer over a surface of the anode layer; and c) a cathode layer over a surface of the electrolyte layer, the cathode layer including, i) a porous cathode functional layer over the surface of the electrolyte layer, ii) a cathode bulk layer, and iii) a porous intermediate cathode layer partitioning the cathode bulk layer and the porous cathode functional layer, the porous intermediate cathode layer having a porosity greater than a porosity of the cathode bulk layer and greater than a porosity of the porous cathode functional layer, wherein the porosity of the cathode functional layer is in a range of about 25 volume % to about 35 volume %, wherein the porosity of the cathode bulk layer is in a range of about 0% to about 25 volume %, and wherein the porosity of the intermediate cathode layer is within a range of about 30 volume % to about 45 volume %.