Patent ID: 8004463

Claim:
A system for determining the direction-of-arrival of an electromagnetic wave, said system comprising: an antenna element to generate a signal in response to the electromagnetic wave, the antenna element comprising three or more dipole antennae arranged in diverse orientations, wherein phase centers of all of the dipole antennae are substantially colocated; and a processor responsive to the signal, wherein: the processor processes the signal to determine a plurality of N observations t n of the electric field of the electromagnetic wave at a corresponding plurality of time points, where t n is a three-dimensional vector representing the electric field at a time point n and N is integer greater than one, the processor forms a strictly real 3 by 2N matrix T from the plurality of observations, wherein T =( Re ( t n ) Im ( t n ), Re ( t n+1 ) Im ( t n+1 ), . . . ), Re(t n ) is the real component of t n , and Im(t n ) is the imaginary component of t n ; and the processor determines a normal to the matrix T to determine the direction-of-arrival.