Patent ID: 8593037

Claim:
A quartz resonator comprising: a piezoelectric quartz wafer with an electrode, pads, and interconnects disposed on a first side thereof, the piezoelectric quartz wafer having a second electrode disposed on a second side thereof, the second electrode opposing the first mentioned electrode, the electrode on said second side of said piezoelectric quartz wafer being connected to one of the pads on said first side of said piezoelectric quartz wafer; and a substrate having fluid ports therein, the piezoelectric quartz wafer being mounted to the substrate such that the second side thereof faces the substrate with a cavity being defined between the substrate and the wafer and such that the fluid ports in the substrate are aligned with the electrode on the second side of the piezoelectric quartz wafer, thereby forming a flow cell in the cavity with the electrode disposed on the second side of the piezoelectric quartz wafer being in contact with said flow cell and the electrode formed on the first side of the piezoelectric quartz wafer being disposed on the first side of said wafer and opposite to said flow cell.