Patent ID: 8119273

Claim:
A specialized battery produced by a process comprising: providing a base membrane having a first and second face, the base membrane having a plurality of pores running the thickness of the base membrane between the first and second faces, and wherein the base membrane is constructed of (a) specialized materials selected from the group of ion conducting materials consisting of: metal oxides, specialized plastics, silicate glasses, and combinations thereof and wherein the base membrane pores have an inner wall; coating the inner pore walls of the base membrane with a defined pore coating, wherein the defined pore coating is selected from the group consisting of: salts, anions, cations, and combinations thereof, producing a first physicochemically active membrane (PAM) separator/electrolyte, and further wherein the defined pore coating has a thickness of less than about half the pore diameter of the base membrane; attaching or depositing a first electrode to the first face of the PAM; attaching or depositing a second electrode to the second face of the PAM, wherein the first electrode completely covers the first face of the membrane to form a first seal, wherein the second electrode completely covers the second face of the membrane to form a second seal, wherein the base membrane pores have diameters ranging from about 2 nm to about 150 nm and wherein the electrodes seal-off the pores from the ambient environment, and further wherein the pores are not otherwise filled.