Patent ID: 7211199

Claim:
A switching device comprising: a magnetoresistive material formed from a ruthenate formulation of a perovskite family of materials; and plurality of contact points; wherein said magnetoresistive material exhibits an electric-pulse-induced resistance (EPIR) switching effect; wherein said ruthenate formulation comprises an oxide formulation represented by A(Ru 1−x M x )O 3 , where 0.01<x<0.5; M is selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni, as well as any mixture thereof; and A is selected from the group consisting of K, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Y, as well as any mixture thereof; wherein elements selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Al, Ga, Ge and Sn are incorporated into M in minority to vary the magnitude of electrical resistance.