Patent ID: 8245179

Claim:
An RF circuit on a circuit simulator to be used in a microwave or millimeter wave range or a high-frequency range, comprising: a function for being inserted by a first port and a second port thereof in a circuit to be observed, at an arbitrary cross-sectional point of the circuit, and evaluating a reflection coefficient or a characteristic impedance at the arbitrary cross-sectional point, wherein insertion loss caused by insertion of said function between the first port and the second port is zero or approximately zero and is ignorable also for any finite system impedance other than zero; and six RF ports, wherein: a first resistor is connected from a first port to a node a on the circuit, a second resistor is connected from the node a to a node b, a third resistor is connected from the node b to a second port, a fourth resistor is connected from the node a to a node c, a fifth resistor is connected from the node b to a node d, and a sixth resistor is connected from the node b to a node e; a first DC block is connected from the node c to a sixth port, a second DC block is connected from the node d to a fifth port, and a third DC block is connected from the node e to a ground point; a first voltage-dependent owe source is connected from a third port to the ground point and a second voltage-dependent power source is connected from a fourth port to the ground point; assuming that an instantaneous potential at the node a measure using as a reference the node b of the second resistor is Vr, there is induced, at a same time of occurrence of Vr, an instantaneous voltage of a magnitude of MVr, where M is a real coefficient, in a direction from the ground point to the third port; assuming that an instantaneous potential at the node b measured using as a reference the node e of the sixth resistor is Vb, there is induced, at a same time of occurrence of Vb, voltage of a magnitude of Vb in a direction from the ground point to the fourth port; assuming that Rx is a positive real number, Rs is a positive real number and Rs>1, and α is a real coefficient, the second resistor has a resistance value of Rx, the first and third resistors have resistance values which widely include also negative resistance and which are respectively −αRx and (α−1)Rx, a sum of them forms negative resistance −Rx and cancels out the second resistor Rx, such that an arithmetic sum of the sum and the second resistor Rx is zero; and further each of the fourth, fifth, and sixth resistance values is a resistance value Rs more than system resistance.