Patent ID: 8158277

Claim:
An electrochemical battery ( 100 , 200 ) for connection to an electrical circuit ( 146 , 246 ) comprising: a. a first porous electrode ( 114 x , 116 x , 214 x , 216 x ) of one polarity that can be connected to the electrical circuit ( 146 , 246 ); b. a second porous electrode ( 116 x , 216 x , 114 x , 214 x ) of an opposite polarity that can be connected to the electrical circuit ( 146 , 246 ); c. a dielectric gap ( 118 x , 218 x ) interfaced between the electrodes ( 114 x , 116 x , 214 x , 216 x ), and d. means ( 124 , 126 106 X , 104 X , 130 , 132 , 134 , 224 , 226 , 206 , 204 , 230 , 232 , 234 ) for pumping electrolyte cross-flow: i. from within the first electrode ( 114 x , 116 x , 214 x , 216 x ), ii. across the dielectric gap ( 118 x , 218 x ), iii. into the second electrode ( 116 x , 216 x , 114 x , 214 x ), and iv. back into the first electrode ( 114 x , 116 x , 214 x , 216 x ).