Patent ID: 7115784

Claim:
A method represented by Scheme 3: wherein X represents I, Br, Cl, alkylsulfonate, or arylsulfonate; Z represents optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl; catalyst comprises a copper atom or ion, and at least one ligand selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted aryl alcohol, alkyl amine, 1,2-diamine, 1,2-aminoalcohol, 1,2-diol, imidazolium carbene, 1,10-phenanthroline, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 8-aminoquinoline, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine and 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine; base represents a Bronsted base; and R represents optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, alkenylalkyl, or alkynylalkyl.