Patent ID: 7502541

Claim:
A resonator including a point defect formed in a three-dimensional photonic crystal, the three-dimensional photonic crystal comprising: a first layer including a plurality of columnar structures spaced apart by a first predetermined interval; a second layer including a plurality of columnar structures spaced apart by a second predetermined interval, the columnar structures extending in a direction different from that of the columnar structures in the first layer; a third layer including a plurality of columnar structures spaced apart by a first predetermined interval, the columnar structures extending in the same direction as that of the columnar structures in the first layer; a fourth layer including a plurality of columnar structures spaced apart by a second predetermined interval, the columnar structures extending in the same direction as that of the columnar structures in the second layer; and additional layers, each including at least one sublayer containing discrete structures disposed discretely in a plane parallel to each of the four layers, wherein the first to fourth layers are stacked sequentially with the additional layer between the adjacent two layers thereof, the first layer and the third layer are stacked such that the columnar structures contained in the two layers are mutually shifted by one-half the first predetermined interval in the direction, in the layers, perpendicular to the direction of the extension of the columnar structures, the second layer and the fourth layer are stacked such that the columnar structures contained in the two layers mutually shift by one-half the second predetermined interval in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the extension of the columnar structures, discrete structures contained in the additional layers are disposed at the positions corresponding to the intersections of the columnar structures, wherein the point defect is formed including at least one of the sublayers containing the discrete structures, and wherein the point defect is formed of high refractive index media.