Patent ID: 7195700

Claim:
A method of electrochemically filling cavities on a wafer surface to form a substantially planar conductive layer, comprising: applying a first cathodic current to form a first conductive layer on the wafer surface, the wafer having a first cavity and a second cavity, wherein the first cavity has the smallest width and the second cavity has a larger width than the first cavity, and wherein the first and the second cavities are less than 10 micrometers in width; treating a surface of the first conductive layer by applying a first anodic current waveform having a first number of pulses after applying the first cathodic current; applying a second cathodic current to form a second conductive layer on the first conductive layer after applying the first anodie current waveform; and treating a surface of the second conductive layer by applying a second anodic current waveform having a second number of pulses after applying the second cathodic current, wherein the second anodic current waveform has a longer duration than the first anodic current waveform and wherein the second number is greater than the first number.