Patent ID: 7995943

Claim:
An image forming apparatus comprising a pair of spacedly opposed first and second bearing members, in which a powder developer material is moved from the first bearing member to the second bearing member; comprising an electric field generator which forms an electric field between the first and second bearing members; the generator outputting a first voltage and a second voltage alternately, the first voltage generating between the first and second bearing members a first electric field electrically forcing the developer material from the first bearing member toward the second bearing member and the second voltage generating between the first and second bearing members a second electric field electrically forcing the developer material from the second bearing member toward the first bearing member; durations of the first and second voltages being determined so that the developer material forced out of the first bearing member due to the first electric field is forced back from the second bearing member toward the first bearing member due to the second electric field to impinge the developer material retained on the first bearing member and thereby flick the developer material on the first bearing member away therefrom and the flicked developer material is then forced from the first bearing member toward the second bearing member by the subsequent first electric field, wherein a first potential region and a second potential region are formed on the second bearing member, the first potential region having a first potential cooperating with the first and second voltages to electrically force the developer material from the first bearing member toward the second bearing member and the second potential region having a second potential cooperating with the first and second voltages to electrically force the developer material from the second bearing member toward the first bearing member, wherein a voltage difference V pp (volt) between the first and second voltages, a voltage difference V DC (volt) of an average voltage of the first and second voltages relative to a ground, an average potential V (volt) of the first and second potentials, and a ratio ADR (%) of an output duration of the first voltage relative to a total output duration of the first and second voltages have a relationship represented by following equations: ADR >(−0.033 V PP +0.097)| V|/ 1,000+ (0.039 V PP −0.110)| V DC |+39.19−5, and ADR <(−0.033 V PP +0.097)| V|/ 1,000+ (0.039 V PP −0.110)| V DC |+39.19+5.