Patent ID: 8025800

Claim:
An apparatus for removing elements from a fluid, comprising: a. a container vessel and a porous bag disposed within the container vessel, the container vessel including an inlet port and an outlet port to permit fluid flow through the container and exposed to the porous bag; and b. a plurality of metal fibers having a zero valence state, the plurality of metal fibers being packed into the porous bag at a density D sufficient to react with a plurality of elements in the fluid flow through the porous bag and the plurality of metal fibers adsorb the plurality of elements, wherein the porous bag further comprises a plurality of porous bag layers and the plurality of porous bag layers include a first porous bag layer and a second porous bag layer, wherein the first porous bag layer includes a packing of metal fibers at a first density D and the second porous bag layer includes a packing of metal fibers at a second density D, wherein the first density D is different than the second density D.