Patent ID: 7521041

Claim:
A method of determining the effect of antagonizing a muscarinic receptor on a biological system or sample comprising a muscarinic receptor, the method comprising: (a) contacting a first sample of the biological system or sample with a muscarinic agonist; (b) measuring the amount of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) produced in the first sample; (c) contacting a second sample of the biological system or sample with the muscarinic agonist and a muscarinic receptor-antagonizing amount of a compound; (d) measuring the amount of cAMP produced in the second sample; and (e) comparing the amount of cAMP in step (b) with the amount in step (d); wherein the compound in step (c) has the formula: wherein: a is 0 or 1; R 1 is halo; b is 0 or 1; R 2 is halo; m is 0 or 1; R 4 is selected from hydrogen and (1-4C)alkyl; s is 0, 1 or 2; Ar 1 represents a phenylene group or a (3-5C)heteroarylene group containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur; wherein the phenylene or heteroarylene group is substituted with (R 5 ) q where q is 0 or an integer from 1 to 4 and each R 5 is independently selected from halo, hydroxy, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy; t is 0, 1 or 2; n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 3; p is 0 or 1; and R 7 and R 8 are independently hydrogen or (1-4C)alkyl; wherein each alkyl group in R 7 and R 8 is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 fluoro substituents; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.