Patent ID: 8252511

Claim:
A first film-modifying method comprising: preparing a first film which includes an acid-dissociable group and which does not include a photoacid generator; forming a second film on the first film, the second film including a photoacid generator and a polymer which does not include an acid-dissociable group, the polymer including a structural unit shown by a following formula (1); exposing the second film via a mask so that the second film generates an acid; transferring the acid generated by the second film to the first film; removing the second film from the first film; and contacting the first film with an alkaline solution to develop the first film after removing the second film, wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and each of R 2 and R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, provided that R 2 and R 3 may bond to form a 3 to 10-membered monocyclic hetero ring that comprises a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a selenium atom.