Patent ID: 8889857

Claim:
A precatalyst of formula I: wherein, independently for each occurrence, X is selected from the group consisting of boron tetrafluoride, tetraarylborates, hexafluoroantimonate, phosphorus tetrafluoride, phosphorus hexafluoride, alkylsulfonate, haloalkylsulfonate, arylsulfonate, perchlorate, bis(alkylsulfonyl)amide, bis(fluoroalkylsulfonyl)amide, bis(arylsulfonyl)amide, (fluoroalkylsulfonyl)(fluoroalkylcarbonyl)amide, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, alkyl sulfate, aryl sulfate, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, phosphinate, and hypochlorite; R 1 is H, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, aryl, or halo; and L is a trialkylphosphine, triarylphosphine, dialkylarylphosphine, alkyldiarylphosphine, bis(phosphine), phosphoramide, amine, bis(amine), or N-heterocyclic carbene.