Patent ID: 7560574

Claim:
Processes for the synthesis of rhodamine derivatives of formula (1), wherein: one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 10 represents a halogen atom and each of the remaining R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and each of the remaining R 10 groups is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen atom; halogen atoms; alkyl groups defining a straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group where the term “branchedt” means that a lower alkyl group is attached to a linear alkyl chain; alkenyl groups having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms in the linear chain; aryl groups defining an aromatic carbocyclic radical or a substituted carbocyclic radical, containing from 6 to 10 carbon atoms; aralkyl group where an aryl group as defined hereinabove is substituted by an alkyl radical as defined hereinabove; vinyl group; alkynyl groups having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms in the linear chain; m=1; n=1 or 2; A is O; R 9 represents an alkylene group defining a straight or branched bivalent hydrocarbon chain group having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and the alkylene group may be interrupted by one or more substituted nitrogen atoms wherein the substituent of the nitrogen atom is alkyl or oxygen or sulfur atoms; Z is H; X− is an anion; and R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are independently H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, said process comprising at least one reactional step of any of the following reactional schemes: where R, Ar and are such to allow the preparation of aforesaid derivatives of formula (1).