Patent ID: 8920681

Claim:
A polymer and nanoparticle combination comprising: a conductive copolymer having one or more first conductive monomers and one or more second conductive monomers, wherein the one or more first conductive monomers and the one or more second conductive monomers are copolymerized to form the conductive copolymer; a conductive nanoparticle covalently bound to a first end of a linker and a second end of the linker being covalently bound to the conductive copolymer, the linker including at least one member selected from the group consisting of an alkylthio, an alkenylthio, and an alkynylthio; wherein the one or more first conductive monomers have a structure Formula 4 or an analog or derivative thereof: where: X 2 is S; and R 3 and R 3 ′ are substituents and represent 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene; and wherein the one or more second conductive monomers have a structure of Formula 1: where: A is thienylene vinylene, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents, wherein the substituents are independently selected from the group of hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkanoyl, alkanoylamino, alkenoyl, alkynoyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkylamino, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonylaminoalkyl, alkylsulfonylaminocarbonyl, aminoalkyl, cyanoalkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, haloalkanoyl, haloalkenoyl, haloalkynoyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkyl, oxoalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkanoyl, cycloalkenoyl, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkoxycarbonyl, aryl, arylene, heterocycle, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylene, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkanoyl, heteroarylalkanoyl, arylalkenoyl, heteroarylalkenoyl, arylalkynoyl, heteroarylalkynoyl, arylalkoxy, heteroarylalkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, aryloxycarbonyl, heteroaryloxycarbonyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, heteroarylalkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, arylthio, arylsulfonyl and arylsulfinyl, or the substituents together may form an alkylene or alkenylene chain completing a 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7-membered aromatic or alicyclic ring having 0 or more divalent nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen atoms; and the substituents being substituted or unsubstituted.