Patent ID: 7289228

Claim:
An optical displacement sensor comprising: an optical module which is mounted on one of a reference object and a measurement object, and which emits a light; and a reflecting member which is mounted on the other one of the reference object and the measurement object, has at least one diffraction grating provided at a surface thereof facing the optical module and including a plurality of grooves, and by which the light emitted by the optical module is reflected back to the optical module so as to be received there, whereby displacement of the measurement object relative to the reference object is measured, wherein the optical module defines: a first optical system which measures displacement in a first direction oriented parallel to an optical axis of the light emitted from the optical module and traveling toward the reflecting member, includes a first light source, a first light receiving element, and a first lens fixedly mounted in the optical module so as to keep a fixed distance from the first light receiving element, and in which a light emitted from the first light source passes through the first lens, impinges on and is reflected at the surface of the reflecting member facing the optical module, and is received at the first light receiving element, whereby a signal corresponding to the displacement in the first direction is generated; and a second optical system which measures displacement in a second direction aligned to a predetermined orientation in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light emitted from the optical module and traveling toward the reflecting member, includes a second light source, a second light receiving element, and a second lens movably mounted in the optical module by a movable mechanism so as to move in the first direction only so that the light having passed through the second lens and impinging on the diffraction grating is allowed to have its focus set on the diffraction grating, and in which a light emitted from the second light source passes through the second lens, impinges on and is reflected at the diffraction grating provided at the surface of the reflecting member facing the optical module, and is received at the second light receiving element, whereby a signal corresponding to the displacement in the second direction is generated, and wherein the plurality of grooves of the diffraction grating run in a direction orthogonal to the second direction and are arrayed in the second direction.