Patent ID: 8907384

Claim:
An antennae assembly electrode, comprising: an electrically conductive layer at least partially surmounting a substrate; a planar protective layer, said protective layer having a plurality of contact holes; and an assembly of doped antennae vertically oriented with respect to the electrically conductive layer and electrically connected with the electrically conductive layer through the contact holes, wherein each of the doped antennae comprises a doped MWNT comprising: a base end attached to the electrically conductive layer, a mid-section comprising an outer surface surrounding a lumen, wherein a majority of the outer surface of the mid-section is in fluidic contact with an environment in contact with a top end of the antennae; the top end disposed opposite to the base end, wherein neither the mid-section nor the top end are connected to the electrically conductive layer; and a dopant attached to or contained within the lumen, a dopant attached to or contained within the outer surface, a dopant attached to or contained within the top end, or any combination thereof.