Patent ID: 8142720

Claim:
A device configured for immobilizing at least one biomolecule having a primary amino group through a covalent bond, comprising: a substrate comprising a metal layer; at least one first species bound to the metal layer, wherein each first species is independently a molecule having a structural formula: X 1 —(CH 2 ) c —O—([CH 2 ] t —CH 2 —O) n —R 1 —S-M wherein: M is the metal layer to which the first species is bound; t is an integer from 1 to 2; n is an integer from 3 to 15,000; c is an integer from 0 to 3; R 1 is a saturated or ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbyl group having from 3 to 30 carbon atoms, wherein the hydrocarbyl group is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, and cycloalkylalkenyl, wherein the hydrocarbyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a heteroatom and an oxo substituent, wherein the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and when the substituent is a heteroatom, then R 1 is a non-cyclic chain and the heteroatom is in the chain; and X 1 is selected from the group consisting of fluorophenyl, fluorobenzoyl, nitrophenoxycarbonyl, oxiranyl, aziridinyl, imino-ether, dichlorotriazinyl, sulfonyl halide, alkoxycarbonyl, isothiocyanato, isocyanato, carbonyl halide, haloalkylcarbonyl, carboxylic acid anhydride, diazonium carbonyl, N-(2-oxotetrahydro-3-thienyl)amido, and N-carboxy-thiazolidinyl-2-thione, wherein X 1 is configured to directly and covalently couple to a primary amino group of a biomolecule with no in situ activation prior to reaction with the biomolecule.