Patent ID: 7615637

Claim:
A complex having the formula: wherein c is a negative, neutral, or positive charge represented by −1 to −5, 0, or +1 to +5, inclusive, respectively; M is osmium or ruthenium; L 1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted heterocyclic nitrogen-containing ligand sufficient to spatially or stereochemically shield M; L 2 is a negatively charged ligand; and L and L′ are independently: wherein R′ 1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl; each of R a and R b is independently —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —NO 2 , —CN, —CO 2 H, —SO 3 H, —NHNH 2 , —SH, —OH, —NH 2 , or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, arylcarboxamido, hydrazino, alkylhydrazino, hydroxylamino, alkoxylamino, alkylthio, alkenyl, aryl, or alkyl; each of R c and R d is independently —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —NO 2 , —CN, —CO 2 H, —SO 3 H, —NHNH 2 , —SH, —OH, —NH 2 , or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, arylcarboxamido, hydrazino, alkylhydrazino, hydroxylamino, alkoxylamino, alkylthio, alkenyl, aryl, or alkyl, or a combination of R c and R d forms a saturated or an unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring; and each of R′ 3 and R′ 4 is independently —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —NO 2 , —CN, —CO 2 H, —SO 3 H, —NHNH 2 , —SH, —OH, —NH 2 , or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, arylcarboxamido, hydrazino, alkylhydrazino, hydroxylamino, alkoxylamino, alkylthio, alkenyl, aryl, or alkyl, or a combination of R′ 3 and R′ 4 forms a saturated or an unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring.