Patent ID: 7892681

Claim:
An electrochemical cell, comprising: a first half-cell comprising: at least one first electrode, and a first reactant; a second half-cell comprising: at least one second electrode, and a second reactant; at least one conductive contact separately electrically connected to each of: the at least one first electrode, and the at least one second electrode; and at least one membrane gate comprising: at least one separator comprising a field effect material with ion conductivity, wherein the at least one separator is interposed between the first half-cell and the second half-cell, wherein the at least one separator limits the mixing of the first reactant and the second reactant; at least one gate insulator; and at least one gate electrode; wherein the at least one gate insulator is interposed between the at least one gate electrode and the at least one conductive contact; wherein the at least one separator, the at least one gate insulator, and the at least one gate electrode are positioned so that an electric potential applied to the gate electrode influences the first electrode electrical potential with respect to the second electrode electrical potential.