Patent ID: 7011948

Claim:
A method of detecting ligand/antiligand binding, comprising: obtaining measurements of an electiomagnetically detectable bulk property of a mixture containing a ligand and an antiligand for each of a plurality of initial ligand concentrations, wherein (1) said bulk property is a measurable property of said mixture that is affected by more than one and up to all individual components of said mixture and (2) said measurement is made (a) without separation of said ligand or said antiligand from other components of said mixture and (b) without use of a signal that is selective for only said ligand, said antiligand, or a binding complex of said ligand and said antiligand; processing a plurality of the obtained bulk property measurements and corresponding initial ligand concentrations to determine a relationship between the bulk property measurements of the mixture and the initial ligand concentrations as initial ligand concentration changes; and determining the formation or absence of a ligand/antiligand complex based on the relationship.