Patent ID: 8693516

Claim:
A photonic crystal surface light-emitting laser comprising: a semiconductor substrate; a lower cladding layer provided on the semiconductor substrate; a lower light guiding layer provided on the lower cladding layer; an active layer provided on the lower light guiding layer; an upper light guiding layer provided on the active layer; a photonic crystal layer provided on the upper light guiding layer; an upper cladding layer provided on the photonic crystal layer; and a contact layer provided on the upper cladding layer; an upper electrode in contact with the contact layer; and a lower electrode in contact with the semiconductor substrate; wherein the photonic crystal layer is obtained by periodically forming a plurality of holes in a basic layer comprised of a first compound semiconductor of a zinc blende structure and growing embedded layers comprised of a second compound semiconductor of the zinc blende structure, in the holes; and wherein the active layer supplies light to the photonic crystal layer, wherein a principal surface of the basic layer is a (001) plane, and wherein side faces of the holes include at least three different {100} facets, or facets resulting from rotation of said {100} facets at a rotation angle of less than ±35° around a normal line to the principal surface.