Patent ID: 8253014

Claim:
A solar cell, comprising: a substrate having a front side, a back side and a doped region adjacent to the front side; a lower conductor layer having a top surface, a bottom surface, a first portion embedded into the doped region and a second portion other than the first portion; an anti-reflection coating (ARC) layer, which has a first exposed surface, a second exposed surface, a third exposed surface connecting the first exposed surface to the second exposed surface, and a bottom surface in direct contact with the front side of the substrate, and is disposed on the front side of the substrate and covers the lower conductor layer such that the second portion of the lower conductor layer is disposed in the ARC layer; and an upper conductor layer having a top surface, a bottom surface in direct contact with the top surface of the lower conductor layer, a first portion embedded into the ARC layer and a second portion other than the first portion of the upper conductor layer, wherein the second portion of the upper conductor layer is exposed out of the ARC layer, and the upper conductor layer is electrically connected to the lower conductor layer, wherein: the top surface of the upper conductor layer is higher than the first exposed surface of the ARC layer, the first exposed surface of the ARC layer is higher than the second exposed surface of the ARC layer and the bottom surface of the upper conductor layer, the top surface of the lower conductor layer is higher than the bottom surface of the ARC layer, and the bottom surface of the ARC layer is higher than the bottom surface of the lower conductor layer.