Patent ID: 7638636

Claim:
A compound having the general formula (I): and wherein: each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and R 13 is independently a hydrocarbyl group; each of R 6 , R 7 and R 8 is independently a hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group; with the provisoes that: (i) when Q + is a phosphonium cation and X − is a phosphate, or a phosphonate anion other than a phosphonate in which R 13 is perfluorohydrocarbyl, then R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 each has three or more carbon atoms; (ii) when Q + is a phosphonium cation and X − is an alkylsulfate then the sum of carbon atoms in R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is greater than 4; (iii) when Q + is an imidazolium cation, X − is not an alkylsulfate anion; (iv) when Q + is a phosphonium cation, X − is methylsulfate, and one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is methyl, the others of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 cannot be 2-cyanoethyl; and (v) Q + X − is not 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate.