Patent ID: 7172179

Claim:
A bubble cap for use in a reactor in which a gaseous fluid having a vapor density and a liquid fluid having a liquid density flow concurrently downwards in the reactor, the bubble cap comprising: a cap with at least one slot and a riser, configured with a skirt height of at least 4 cm such that 1.5*Skirt Height (cm)+[Slot Length (cm)âˆ’Exposed Slot Height (cm)]â‰§7.5, wherein the Exposed Slot Height is determined to equal 44.2*X 0 52 ; wherein X is Q v *(W s *N s ) âˆ’1 *[Ï v /(Ï l âˆ’Ï v )] 0.5 , wherein Q v is a vapor volumetric rate flowing through the cap, W s is mean slot width (cm), N s is number of slots, Ï v is the vapor density (kg/m 3 ), and Ï l is the liquid density (kg/m 3 ) and; wherein the bubble cap is disposed such that the liquid fluid and the gaseous fluid flow co-currently upwardly in a space between the riser and the cap.