Patent ID: 8298780

Claim:
A method of detection of responses of cells to stimuli comprising: (a) (i) immobilizing one or more extracellular matrix ligands to a surface of a colorimetric resonant reflectance biosensor or a grating-based waveguide biosensor, wherein the cells have cell surface receptors specific for the one or more extracellular matrix ligands; and adding the cells to the biosensor; or (ii) mixing cells with one or more extracellular matrix ligands, wherein the cells have cell surface receptors specific for the one or more extracellular matrix ligands; and adding the cells with one or more extracellular matrix ligands to a surface of a colorimetric resonant reflectance biosensor or a grating-based waveguide biosensor; (b) exposing the cells to stimuli, wherein the stimuli are compounds that modulate activity of a G protein-coupled receptor, ion channels, P13 kinase, transient receptor potential channels, phospholipase C, receptor tyrosine kinases, cytokines, beta-arrestin pathway responses, cytoskeletal rearrangements, epigenetic signals, integrins, or signal transduction pathways; and (c) detecting a change in peak wavelength value or signal over time, which indicates that the cells have responded to the stimuli.