Patent ID: 7339075

Claim:
A process for making a ligand having the formula wherein the process comprises the following reactions: (a) X 1 (R 15 )—E 1 + V 1 —Q(V 3 )V 2 → X 1 (R 15 )—Q(V 3 )V 2 (Compound I) (b) X 2 —E 2 + X 1 (R 15 )—Q(V 3 )V 2 → X 1 (R 15 )—Q(V 3 )—X 2 (Compound I) (Compound II) (c) X 3 —E 3 + X 1 (R 15 )—Q(V 3 )—X 2 → X 1 (R 15 )—Q(X 3 )—X 2 (Compound II) (Compound III); wherein Q is selected from phosphorus, arsenic and antimony; wherein E 1 , E 2 and E 3 are electrophilic metals; wherein V 1 , V 2 and V 3 are weakly-basic anions; wherein X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are carbon anions; and, wherein R 15 is selected from —SO 3 H, —SO 2 N(R 18 ), —CO 2 H, —PO 3 H, —AsO 3 H, —SiO 2 H, —C(CF 3 ) 2 O; where R 18 is selected from a hydrogen, a halogen, a hydrocarbyl group and a substituted hydrocarbyl group.