Patent ID: 8268157

Claim:
A copper electroplating bath comprising: a source of copper ions, an electrolyte, and a reaction product of one or more nitrogen-containing compounds with one or more epoxide-containing compounds of formula (I) or (II) wherein Y 1 and Y 2 are independently chosen from H and (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl; Z is Ar, R 12 OArOR 12 , (R 13 O) a Ar(OR 13 ) a , Cy, R 12 CyR 12 , or (R 13 O) a Cy(OR 13 ) a ; r=1-4; Ar=(C 6 -C 18 )aryl; Cy=(C 5 -C 12 )cycloalkyl; each R 12 represents (C 1 -C 8 )alkyl; each R 13 represents a (C 2 -C 6 )alkyleneoxy; each a=1-10; and A represents (C 5 -C 12 )cycloalkyl as a leveling agent.