Patent ID: 8873271

Claim:
A memory device comprising: a first fabrication layer including a plurality of bit lines and a plurality of word lines; a plurality of re-writable nonvolatile memory cells electrically coupled to the bit lines and the word lines, the memory cells are arranged in a plurality of predetermined rows and a plurality of predetermined columns, each memory cell including a two-terminal bi-directional access device, the two-terminal bi-directional access device comprising a solid electrolyte material configured as a rectifier; a second fabrication layer vertically aligned below the first fabrication layer, the second fabrication layer including a first drive circuit electrically coupled to the memory cells, the drive circuit configured to read the memory cells; wherein each of the memory cells is programmed to a first memory state by applying a first drive signal to the memory cell through the two-terminal access device in a first direction; wherein each of the memory cells is programmed to a second memory state by applying a second drive signal to the memory cell through the two-terminal access device in a second direction opposite the first direction.