Patent ID: 8652347

Claim:
A switching device comprising: a magnetoresistive material formed from a ruthenate formulation of a perovskite family of materials having an oxide formulation A(Ru 1-x M x )O 3 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, and mixtures thereof, and incorporated into M in minority are one or more elements selected from Sc, Y, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Al, Ga, Ge, Sn, and mixtures thereof, A is selected from the group consisting of K, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Bi, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Y, and mixtures thereof, and 0.01<x<0.9; and plurality of contact points; wherein the magnetoresistive material exhibits an electric-pulse-induced resistance (EPIR) switching effect.