Patent ID: 8906703

Claim:
A method of immobilizing an amino-containing material to a substrate, the method comprising: selecting a tethering compound of Formula I wherein X is a substrate-reactive functional group selected from a carboxy, halocarbonyl, halocarbonyloxy, cyano, hydroxy, mercapto, isocyanato, halosilyl, alkoxysilyl, acyloxysilyl, azido, aziridinyl, haloalkyl, tertiary amino, disulfide, alkyl disulfide, benzotriazolyl, phosphono, phosphoroamido, phosphato, or ethylenically unsaturated group; Y is a divalent group comprising an alkylene, heteroalkylene, arylene, or combination thereof and optionally further comprising an carbonyl, carbonyloxy, carbonylimino, oxy, —NR 3 —, or combination thereof; R 1 is selected from hydrogen, fluoro, alkyl, or lower fluoroalkyl; R 2 is a lower fluoroalkyl; R 3 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; r is equal to 1 when X is a monovalent group or equal to 2 when X is a divalent group; and the tethering compound of Formula I is unsubstituted or substituted with a halo, alkyl, alkoxy, or combination thereof; providing a substrate having a complementary functional group capable of reacting with group X of the tethering compound; preparing a substrate-attached tethering group by reacting group X with the complementary functional group on the substrate to form an ionic bond or covalent bond; and reacting an amino-containing material with a fluoroalkoxycarbonyl group of the substrate-attached tethering group in an aqueous system to form a immobilization group that connects the amino-containing material to the substrate.