Patent ID: 8357532

Claim:
A polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of: (a) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence as set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO.: 3-19, or 64-65; (b) a polynucleotide that is complementary to or that encodes a polynucleotide sequence of (a); (c) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide that comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO: 36-47, or 86, or a conservative variation thereof; (d) a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: (i) any one of SEQ ID NO: 36-47, or 86; (ii) a polypeptide that comprises an-amino acid sequence encoded by a polynucleotide sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NO: 3-19; (iii) a polypeptide that is specifically immunoreactive with an antibody specific for a polypeptide of (i), or (ii); (iv) a polypeptide that comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to that of a naturally occurring tyrosyl aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) and comprises two or more amino acids selected from the group consisting of: valine, isoleucine, leucine, or threonine at a position corresponding to Tyr37 of E. coli TyrRS; threonine, serine, arginine, or glycine at a position corresponding to Asp182 of E. coli TyrRS; methionine, or tyrosine at a position corresponding to Phe183 of E. coli TyrRS; and, serine, or alanine at a position corresponding to Leu186 of E. coli TyrRS; (v) a polypeptide that comprises at least 20 contiguous amino acids of SEQ ID NO.: 36-47, or 86, and two or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of: valine, isoleucine, leucine, or threonine at a position corresponding to Tyr37 of E. coli TyrRS; threonine, serine, arginine, or glycine at a position corresponding to Asp182 of E. coli TyrRS; methionine, or tyrosine at a position corresponding to Phe183 of E. coli TyrRS; and, serine, or alanine at a position corresponding to Leu186 of E. coli TyrRS, wherein numbering of the amino acids corresponds to that of E. coli TyrRS; and, (vi) an amino acid sequence comprising a conservative variation of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), or (v); (e) a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide that comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to that of a naturally occurring tyrosyl aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) and comprises two or more mutations selected from the group consisting of: valine, isoleucine, leucine, or threonine at a position corresponding to Tyr37 of E. coli TyrRS; threonine, serine, arginine, or glycine at a position corresponding to Asp182 of E. coli TyrRS; methionine, or tyrosine at a position corresponding to Phe183 of E. coli TyrRS; and, serine, or alanine at a position corresponding to Leu186 of E. coli TyrRS; (f) (g) a polynucleotide that is at least 98% identical to a polynucleotide of (a), (b), (c), (d), (e); and, (g) a polynucleotide comprising a conservative variation of (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f).