Patent ID: 8877936

Claim:
An imidazolinium salt of formula (I): wherein: a) R 1 and R 4 are methyl; and R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from methyl, ethyl, or allyl, or R 2 and R 3 together with the carbons carrying them form a fused 6-, 7- or 8-membered carbocylic ring; R 5 and R 6 are each independently a C 1 -C 10 alkyl, cycloalkyl, a fused or bridged ring, aralkyl, or a group having the structure of formula (II); wherein, n ranges from 1 to 3; with the proviso that only one of R 5 or R 6 may be a linear alkyl group having 3 or less carbons; R 7 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 1 -C 10 alkoxy, aryl, aralkyl, and one or more functional groups; R 8 and R 9 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, fluoride or chloride; with the proviso that R 8 and R 9 are not C 1 -C 10 alkyl at the same time; and, wherein R 2 and/or R 3 may form a cyclic structure with one or both of R 5 and R 6 , or through one or more links with at least one of R 7 , R 8 and R 9 ; or, b) R 1 is methyl; R 4 is H; R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from methyl, ethyl, allyl, or isopropyl, or R 2 and R 3 together with the carbons carrying them form a fused 6-, 7- or 8-membered carbocylic ring; with the proviso that R 2 and R 3 are not both isopropyl at the same time; R 5 and R 6 are each independently a C 1 -C 10 alkyl, cycloalkyl, a fused or bridged ring, aralkyl, or a group having the structure of formula (II); wherein, n ranges from 1 to 3; with the proviso that only one of R 5 or R 6 may be a linear alkyl group having 3 or less carbons; R 7 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 1 -C 10 alkoxy, aryl, aralkyl, and one or more functional groups; R 8 and R 9 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, fluoride or chloride; and, wherein R 2 and/or R 3 may form a cyclic structure with one or both of R 5 and R 6 , or through one or more links with at least one of R 7 , R 8 and R 9 ; and, X − is an anion for the imidazolinium salt.