Patent ID: 8002166

Claim:
A method of manufacturing metal to glass, metal to metal, and metal to ceramic connections, the method comprising producing said connections to a desired thickness as a glassy connection layer comprising a mixture of a base glass powder and a metal oxide powder, wherein bonding is provided at elevated temperatures under controlled conditions, and wherein the metal oxide powder is selected from the group consisting of: 0 to 10 wt % boron oxide with a grain size d 50 <2 μm; 0 to 10 wt % magnesium oxide with a grain size d 50 <2 μm; 0 to 8 wt % sodium and potassium oxides with a grain size d 50 <2 μm; 1 to 10 wt % manganese oxide with a grain size d 50 <1.5 μm; 1 to 10 wt % nickel oxide with a grain size d 50 <1.5 μm; 0 to 10 wt % vanadium oxide with a grain size d 50 <1.5 μm; 0 to 5 wt % cobalt oxide with a grain size d 50 <1.5 μm; 0 to 5 wt % molybdenum oxide with a grain size d 50 <1.5 μm; and 0 to 5 wt % copper oxide with a grain size d 50 <1.5 μm; coating a metal surface with a metallic coating or a transition-metal oxide coating to provide a coated metal surface, wherein the coated metal surface faces the glassy connection layer; and then applying the base-glass powder together with the metal oxide on the coated metal surface.