Patent ID: 8735117

Claim:
A method for making an artificial scaffold having a porous three-dimensional body comprising cells and having porosity of about 15 to about 90% such that at least 99% of pores are interconnected and have diameters of at most 200 microns, the method comprising: providing a scaffolding material; providing a layer of coolant comprising cells mixed with the coolant, wherein the coolant is at least one of a liquid, a foam, a hydrogel, and wherein the coolant has a temperature of at least 5° C. lower than a temperature of the scaffolding material, and has a thermal conductivity of greater than 0.026; and extruding the scaffolding material into the layer of coolant and thereby making the artificial scaffold having a porous three-dimensional body comprising cells wherein at least 99% of pores in the porous three-dimensional body are interconnected and lead to an external surface of the porous three-dimensional body and wherein pores have diameters of at most 200 microns.