Patent ID: 8637141

Claim:
A surface comprising a nanoporous coating including a first thickness including a first plurality of nanoparticles having a first diameter and having a first porosity and a second thickness including a second plurality of nanoparticles having a second diameter different from the first diameter and having a second porosity different from the first porosity, the coating including: a first functionalizing compound present in the first porosity as a capillary condensate, a second functionalizing compound present in the second porosity as a capillary condensate, wherein the first and second functional compounds are different, wherein the coating has a thickness of less than 500 nm wherein the first functionalizing compound is a polymer or a polymer precursor capable of forming a capillary condensate in capillary interstices, and wherein pores in the first thickness are formed between the first plurality of nanoparticles and pores in the second thickness are formed between the second plurality of nanoparticles.