Patent ID: 8227076

Claim:
A coated substrate comprising a substrate ( 100 ) and a multi-layer nanoparticle coating ( 105 ) having a thickness of up to about 500 nm thereon, wherein the nanoparticle coating ( 105 ) comprises: an ionic polyelectrolyte layer ( 110 ); and an ionic multi-colloid layer disposed over the polyelectrolyte layer, wherein the multi-colloid layer comprises: hydrophilic colloid ions ( 130 ) disposed over and coupled to the polyelectrolyte layer ( 110 ); and conductive colloid ions ( 120 ) disposed over and coupled to the polyelectrolyte layer ( 110 ), the conductive colloid ions ( 120 ) being separated from hydrophilic colloid ions ( 130 ) by repulsive forces therebetween.