Patent ID: 8193123

Claim:
A method of selectively immobilizing an enzyme on a substrate, comprising: providing a substrate having a first surface component and a second surface component where the first and second surface component have different surface characteristics, wherein the substrate comprises a layer of the second surface component on a layer of the first surface component, and wherein the substrate comprises a zero mode waveguide disposed through the second surface component layer to the first surface component layer and exposing a portion of the first surface component layer, the portion of the first surface component layer thereby exposed forming a bottom reading surface of the zero mode waveguide; contacting the substrate with a first composition that selectively associates with the first surface component and coupling the enzyme to the first composition, thereby selectively coupling the enzyme atop the bottom reading surface in the zero mode waveguide; and contacting the substrate with a second composition that selectively associates with the second surface component, wherein the second composition comprises a compound comprising one or more phosphonic acid groups.