Patent ID: 8149892

Claim:
A structure comprising: a two-dimensional photonic crystal in which structures having different refractive indices are disposed at a two-dimensional period; an emitting structure emitting in a direction perpendicular to a resonance direction of light propagating in an in-plane direction of the two-dimensional photonic crystal; and a one-dimensional photonic crystal in which components having different refractive indices are arranged at a one-dimensional period, wherein the one-dimensional photonic crystal is provided in a region outside of a region of the two-dimensional photonic crystal in the structure, wherein the one-dimensional photonic crystal is sandwiched by members with a refractive index lower than that of the one-dimensional photonic crystal, wherein the one-dimensional photonic crystal allows either one of a TE-like mode and a TM-like mode to selectively reflect, and wherein light of a mode that includes the selectively reflected mode among light that is leaked from the light propagating in the in-plane direction of the two-dimensional photonic crystal and that is leaked from the region of the two-dimensional photonic crystal is returned to inside of the region by reflection via a photonic band edge of the one-dimensional photonic crystal.