Patent ID: 8842416

Claim:
An energy storage device having capacitive-like properties comprising: a first electrode comprising a first material, the first electrode including graphene; one or more electrolytes arranged in contact with the first electrode and/or a second electrode; and the second electrode comprising a second material, the second electrode arranged in contact with the one or more electrolytes, wherein the energy storage device is configured to provide pseudocapacitance based at least in part on a surface layer deposition of a chemical entity accompanied by a charge transfer at the first electrode, wherein the first material is different from the second material; and a separator having a first side and a second side, wherein a first electrolyte of the one or more electrolytes is arranged in contact with the first side of the separator and a second electrolyte of the one or more electrolytes is arranged in contact with the second side of the separator, wherein the first electrolyte is arranged in contact with the first electrode and the second electrolyte is arranged in contact with the second electrode, and wherein the first electrolyte comprises a first solution comprising first species and the second electrolyte comprises a second solution comprising second species, wherein the first solution and the second solution are substantially separate and wherein the first species is different from the second species.