Patent ID: 8273513

Claim:
An image forming apparatus comprising: an image bearing member comprising an electroconductive substrate on which are provided at least a photosensitive layer and a protection layer, in that sequence; a charging device that charges a surface of the image bearing member to form a latent electrostatic image thereon; a development device that develops the latent electrostatic image with a development agent comprising toner to obtain a developed toner image; a cleaning device that removes toner remaining on the surface of the image bearing member; and a lubricant material applicator that applies a lubricant material to the surface of the image bearing member, the protection layer comprising a cured resin and a filler, a surface form of the protection layer having an arithmetical mean waviness Wa of from 0.05 to 0.3 μm and an average length WSm of profile elements of from 0.5 to 1.5 μm, which are obtained from a waviness profile obtained by filtering a coarse component with a λc profile filter of 0.25 mm and filtering a wavelength component longer than a waviness with a λf profile filter of 2.5 mm.