Patent ID: 8466461

Claim:
A resistive random access memory comprising: a lower electrode; a resistive layer on the lower electrode, the resistive layer having an implanted transition metal dopant; and an upper electrode on the resistive layer, wherein at least one of the lower and upper electrodes is formed of a metal, the transition metal dopant includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Ti, Hf, Zr, Zn, Cu, W, Co, and Nb, the resistive layer is formed at an oxygen partial pressure that increases a density of the resistive layer such that more of the implanted transition metal dopant is present in a grain boundary of the resistive layer than is present interstitially within the resistive layer, and the implanted transition metal dopant is positioned as a current path, the current path being a structure composed of a quantity of the implanted transition metal dopant, the resistive layer having a non-switching characteristic extending from a lower interface with the lower electrode to an upper interface with the upper electrode.