Patent ID: 8703237

Claim:
A method of forming a material layer, the method comprising: (a) a first cycle comprising: chemically adsorbing a pivotal element of a first precursor onto a substrate surface by using a compound of Chemical Formula 1, 2 or 3 as the first precursor; reacting the chemically adsorbed pivotal element of the first precursor with a reaction gas comprising a compound of Chemical Formula 4 to provide a negative charge to the substrate surface; and chemically adsorbing a pivotal element of a second precursor onto the substrate surface by using a compound of Chemical Formula 1, 2 or 3 as the second precursor, the second precursor having a different pivotal element from the first precursor; and (b) a second cycle comprising: chemically adsorbing the pivotal element of the first precursor; and chemically adsorbing the pivotal element of the second precursor, wherein the Chemical Formulas are defined as follow: M 1 R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 ; <Chemical Formula 1> M 2 R 5 R 6 R 7 ; and <Chemical Formula 2> M 3 R 8 R 9 <Chemical Formula 3> where a pivotal element M 1 is Ge, Si, Sn, Ga, In, or Ti; a pivotal element M 2 is Sb, As, Bi, Ga, or In; a pivotal element M 3 is Te or Se; and R 1 through R 9 are each independently a hydrogen, a methyl group or a branched hydrocarbon chain of 2 to 5 carbons or two of R 1 through R 4 , two of R 5 through R 7 , or a pair of R 8 and R 9 are connected to each other directly or via a hydrocarbylene group of 2 to 6 carbons so as to form a homo or hetero ring-shaped hydrocarbon, wherein a backbone of the branched hydrocarbon chain optionally comprises at least one of O, N, S, P, Si, Te, Sb, Se, Sn, Bi, or In, and the hydrogen atoms of the branched hydrocarbon chain are unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbons, an allyl group of 3 to 10 carbons, a vinyl group of 2 to 10 carbons, an amine group, a halogen group, a cyano group, and an aryl group of 6 to 10 carbons; wherein: R—X <Chemical Formula 4> where X is F, Cl, Br, or I, and R is hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbons, an allyl group of 3 to 10 carbons, a vinyl group of 2 to 10 carbons, an amine group, a cyano group, an aryl group of 6 to 10 carbons, or a halogen group that is the same as X.