Patent ID: 8563459

Claim:
A fixed-bed catalyst complex comprising: a catalyst comprising a carbene chosen from those represented by at least one of Formulae (I), (II), (III), and (IV): wherein, in any of the Formulae I-IV, n is independently an integer of 0 to 2, and: X is independently chosen from a chlorine atom; the group OR 4 , wherein R 4 is independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and the group NR 5 2 , wherein R 5 is independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R 1 and R 3 are each independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R 2 is independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R 3 —Si(R 1 )—X 3-N , wherein X is independently chosen from: a chlorine atom; the group OR 4 , and the group NR 5 2 , wherein each of R 1 , R 4 , and R 5 is independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R 6 and R 7 , are independently chosen from a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and a catalyst support that comprises silica.