Patent ID: 7340001

Claim:
A method, comprising; modulating a signal in a first domain selected from the group consisting of phase, frequency, amplitude, polarization, and spread; modulating the signal in a second domain selected from the group consisting of phase, frequency, amplitude, polarization, and spread; modulating the signal in a third domain selected from the group consisting of phase, frequency, amplitude, polarization, and spread; and transmitting the modulated signal, wherein modulating the signal in the first domain, modulating the signal in the second domain and modulating the signal in the third domain defines a three dimensional orthogonal symbol constellation selected from the group consisting of face-centered cubic spheres and hexagonal close-packed spheres, each sphere having 12 nearest neighbors, and wherein the three dimensional orthogonal symbol constellation includes an origin at {0,0,0} containing a center sphere characterized by zero power transmitted.