Patent ID: 7634161

Claim:
A three-dimensional structure constituted with a three-dimensional photonic crystal, comprising: a first waveguide and a second waveguide which are respectively formed by providing line defects in the three-dimensional photonic crystal; a resonator which is formed by providing a point defect in the three-dimensional photonic crystal; and a first region which causes light to propagate in a guide mode different from a guide mode in which the first and second waveguides cause light to propagate therein, wherein: the first waveguide includes an input portion into which light enters; the first and second waveguides cause the light to propagate therein in a first guide mode; the second waveguide and the first region are connected with each other such that at least part of the light propagating in the second waveguide is coupled with the light propagating in the first region; and the resonator is provided such that at least part of light present in the resonator is coupled with the light propagating in each of the first and second waveguides, wherein, when, of the light propagating in the first waveguide toward the resonator, light which is reflected at a connection portion of the first waveguide and the resonator is defined as first light, light which is coupled with the light present in the resonator and then coupled again with the light propagating in the first waveguide is defined as second light, and light which is coupled with the light present in the resonator, then coupled with the light propagating in the second waveguide, then coupled again with the light present in the resonator, and then coupled with the light propagating in the first waveguide is defined as third light, the resonator and the first and second waveguides are formed such that intensity of the first light and intensity of the second light are different from each other; and wherein the resonator and the first and second waveguides are formed so as to satisfy the following condition: −1≦cos(φ)<0 where φ represents a phase difference between one of the first light and the second light whose intensity is higher than that of the other, and the third light.