Patent ID: 8755714

Claim:
A charging member, comprising: a substrate; an elastic layer; and a surface layer, wherein: the surface layer comprises a compound having an Si—O—Hf linkage; and the compound has a constitutional unit represented by the following formula (1) and a constitutional unit represented by the following formula (2): where, in the formula (1), R 1 and R 2 each independently represent any of structures represented by the formulae (3) to (6): where, in the formulae (3) to (6), R 3 to R 7 , R 10 to R 14 , R 19 , R 20 , R 25 and R 26 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atom(s), a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group or an amino group; R 8 , R 9 , R 15 to R 18 , R 23 , R 24 and R 29 to R 32 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atom(s); R 21 , R 22 , R 27 and R 28 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atom(s) or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atom(s); n, m, l, q, s and t each independently represent an integer of 1 to 8, p and r each independently represent an integer of 4 to 12, and x and y each independently represent 0 or 1; and an asterisk * represents the position of bonding with the silicon atom in the formula (1) and a double asterisk ** represents the position of bonding with the oxygen atom in the formula (1).