Patent ID: 8338097

Claim:
A method for detecting binding of an analyte to a surface of at least one sensing electrode of a device, the method comprising: exposing the at least one sensing electrode to one or more analytes; and detecting a change in charge or effective capacitance on the surface of the at least one sensing electrode utilizing an integrating charge amplifier, wherein the device comprises: at least one drive electrode, the at least one sensing electrode and at least one reference electrode on a surface of a substrate; and the integrating charge amplifier connected to the at least one sensing electrode and configured to detect the change in charge or effective capacitance on the surface of the at least one sensing electrode due to binding of an analyte to the at least one sensing electrode, wherein the at least one sensing electrode comprises a sensing routing path, the reference electrode comprises a reference routing path and the sensing routing path and reference routing path are matched and wherein the reference electrode configured to provide differential measurements of change in charge and effective capacitance.