Patent ID: 8237916

Claim:
An exposure apparatus that exposes an object with an energy beam, the apparatus comprising: a movable body that can move along a predetermined plane, while holding the object, the predetermined plane including a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to each other; a scale section that is placed on a plane substantially parallel to the predetermined plane, and has at least one scale including a first scale: an encoder system that has a plurality of heads which are arranged on the movable body, and measures positional information of the movable body in directions of three degrees of freedom within the predetermined plane, at least during exposure of the object, using at least two heads of the plurality of heads the two heads including at least one head that faces the first scale and respectively facing corresponding scales of the scale section; and a projection system that projects the energy beam to the object, wherein the first scale has a rectangular grating area placed, with its longitudinal direction in the first direction, lateral to the projection system in a state in which one end of the grating area in the longitudinal direction faces an optical axis of the projection system, and the plurality of heads include at least three heads disposed at a predetermined distance in the second direction.