Patent ID: 8226814

Claim:
A test strip comprising: a working electrode; and a counter electrode; wherein the working electrode comprises: a transition metal complex having the formula: wherein c is a negative, neutral, or positive charge represented by −1 to −5, 0, or +1 to +5, inclusive, respectively; d is a number of counter ions, X, from 0 to 5, inclusive; M is cobalt, iron, osmium, ruthenium, or vanadium; L 1 has the formula: wherein R 11 , R 12 , R 14 and R 15 are independently —H, —F, —C1, —Br, —I, —NO 2 , —CN, —CO 2 H, —OH, —NH 2 , alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, arylcarboxamido, hydrazino, alkylhydrazino, hydroxylamino, alkoxyamino, alkylthio, alkenyl, aryl, or alkyl and R 13 is a C1-C2 alkylamino; L 2 is a negatively charged ligand; and L and L′ are independently: wherein R′ 1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl; each of R a and R b is independently —H, —F, —C1, —Br, —I, —NO 2 , —CN, —CO 2 H, —S0 3 H, —NHNH 2 , —SH, —OH, —NH 2 , or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, arylcarboxamido, hydrazino, alkylhydrazino, hydroxylamino, alkoxylamino, alkylthio, alkenyl, aryl, or alkyl; each of R c and R d is independently —H, —F, —C1, —Br, —I, —NO 2 , —CN, —CO 2 H, —S0 3 H, —NHNH 2 , —SH, —OH, —NH 2 , or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl, alkylarninocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylarnino, arylcarboxamido, hydrazino, alkylhydrazino, hydroxyfamino, alkoxylarnino, alkylthio, alkenyl, aryl, or alkyl, or a combination of Rc and Rd forms a saturated or an unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring; and each of R′ 3 and R′ 4 is independently —H, —F, —C1, —Br, —I, —NO 2 , —CN, —CO 2 H, —S0 3 H, —NHNH 2 , —SH, —OH, —NH 2 , or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, arylcarboxamido, hydrazino, alkylhydrazino, hydroxylamino, alkoxylamino, alkylthio, alkenyl, aryl, or alkyl, or a combination of R′ 3 and R′ 4 forms a saturated or an unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring; and a dehydrogenase.