Patent ID: 7785774

Claim:
A biosensor comprising: (a) a chromatophore, which comprises an F 0 F 1 -ATPase molecular motor; (b) a signal molecular output device comprising a light excitation and emission device and a fluorescence probe; (c) a power resource system comprising water, ATP, ADP, Pi, and visible light; (d) a protective layer comprising a bilayer lipid membrane; (e) a supporting material; and (f) a solid support, wherein the bilayer lipid membrane is attached to the solid support by the supporting material; wherein a β subunit of the F 0 F 1 -ATPase molecular motor is bound directly or indirectly to an antibody that specifically recognizes an antigen molecule, wherein binding of the antibody to an antigen changes a rotation speed of the molecular motor in a manner that can be detected by a change in fluorescence of the florescence probe.