Patent ID: 7494714

Claim:
An article, comprising: a substrate having covalently bonded thereon a chemical chain, the chain comprising a terminal group comprising the structure: wherein the terminal group is hydrophilic and is free of hydrogen bond-donating groups; E is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur; X is an organic substituent and m is an integer less than or equal to 3; Y is selected from the group consisting of amides, amide derivatives, amines, amine derivatives, cyclic ethers, sugar derivatives, amino acids, amino acid derivatives, and multiple nitriles and p is an integer greater than 0; R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl and an aryl, and combinations thereof, and n is an integer less than or equal to 2; represents one or more single bonds, double bonds, or any combination thereof; optionally R 1 can bond to X or Y to form a cyclic or bicyclic structure; wherein E forms a covalent bond with the surface or E forms a covalent bond with a linker that is covalently bonded to the terminal group and to the surface; and the chemical chain renders the surface resistant to the adsorption of proteins, cells, bacteria, and combinations thereof.