Patent ID: 6991779

Claim:
A pulmonary formulation comprising diketopiperazines having a structure selected from the group consisting of wherein n is between 0 and 7, Q is, independently, a C1–20 straight, branched or cyclic alkyl, aralkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclic, alkyl-heterocyclic, or heterocyclic-alkyl; T is —C(O)O, —OC(O), —C(O)NH, —NH, —NQ, —OQO, —O, —NHC(O), —OP(O), —P(O)O, —OP(O)2, —P(O)2O, ——OS(O)2, or —S(O)3; U is an acid group, a basic group or a zwitterionic C 1-20 chain containing at least one acidic group and at least one basic group, wherein the side chains can be further functionalized with an alkene or alkyne group at any position, one or more of the carbons on the side chain can be replaced with an oxygen, one or more of the carbons can be functionalized with an acidic or basic group, and wherein the ring atoms X at positions 1 and 4 are either O or N; or wherein the ring atoms X at positions 1 and 4 are either O or N; and at least one of the side-chain substituents R at positions 3 and 6 contains an ionizable group; and a biologically active agent selected from the group consisting of agents neutralizing toxins or nerve gases; anti-infectives, antigens, antibodies, and immunostimulants for the treatment or alleviation of symptoms of an individual exposed to a biological weapon.