Patent ID: 8647883

Claim:
A sensor used in determining the concentration of chemical species in a sample at trace concentrations, the sensor comprising a hydrogel sensor film comprising a quaternary salt, an indicator, dye, pigment or reagent and/or its combinations, and a polymer super acid additive, and wherein: said quaternary salt, is a quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium, quaternary imidazolium, quaternary pyridium, quaternary pyrrolidinium, or quaternary sulfonium salt and wherein the concentration of the quaternary salt is substantially higher than the stoichiometric amount required to form ion pairs with said indicator, dye, pigment or reagent and/or its combinations; said indicator, dye, pigment or reagent and/or its combinations changes its optical property in the ultra-violet, visible or near-infrared spectral range upon being exposed to the chemical species in the sample solution; said polymer super acid additive mixes with the hydrogel and the indicator, dye, pigment or reagent and/or its combinations, and wherein concentration of the polymer super acid additive is between about 0.1 and 7 percent (volume); and said hydrogel sensor film is a single layer.