Patent ID: 8686183

Claim:
A method for the hydroxycarbonylation, alkoxycarbonylation, aryloxycarbonylation or thiocarbonylation of an alkene comprising effecting a hydroxycarbonylation, alkoxycarbonylation, aryloxycarbonylation or thiocarbonylation reaction on the alkene in which a complex comprising a ligand comprising a [n,nâ€²] cyclophane comprising two non-fused monocyclic aromatic rings bridged by two linear and aliphatic linkages, in which each of the non-fused monocyclic aromatic rings is substituted with a phosphorus atom-containing substituent, is used to catalyse the hydroxycarbonylation, alkoxycarbonylation, aryloxycarbonylation or thiocarbonylation reaction.