Patent ID: 7435861

Claim:
A chemical composition, comprising one or more carotenoid analogs or derivatives having a general structure: wherein each R 1 and R 2 are independently: wherein: each R 4 is independently hydrogen, —OH, —CH 2 OH, or —OR 5 , wherein at least one R 4 group is —OR 5 ; each R 5 is independently: alkyl; aryl; -alkyl-N(R 7 ) 2 ; -aryl-N(R 7 ) 2 ; -alkyl-N + (R 7 ) 3 ; -aryl-N + (R 7 ) 3 ; -alkyl-CO 2 R 7 ; -aryl-CO 2 R 7 ; -alkyl-CO 2 − ; -aryl-CO 2 − ; —CO 2 R 8 ; —P(O)(OR 8 ) 2 ; —S(O)(OR 8 ) 2 ; an amino acid; a peptide, a carbohydrate; —C(O)—(CH 2 ) n —CO 2 R 9 ; a nucleoside residue, or a co-antioxidant; R 7 is hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl; R 8 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, benzyl or a co-antioxidant; R 9 is hydrogen; alkyl; aryl; —P(O)(OR 8 ) 2 ; —S(O)(OR 8 ) 2 ; an amino acid; a peptide, a carbohydrate; a nucleoside, or a co-antioxidant; n is 1 to 9.