Patent ID: 8574599

Claim:
A method for inducing a mucosal immune response, comprising: administering to a subject in need of a mucosal immune response an effective amount for inducing a mucosal immune response of an oligonucleotide 8 to 100 nucleotides in length, having a sequence including at least the following formula: 5′X1X2CGX3X4 3′ wherein C is unmethylated, wherein X1, X2, X3, and X4 are nucleotides, and an antigen, wherein the antigen is not encoded in a nucleic acid vector, the oligonucleotide and the antigen are both administered vaginally, rectally, intranasally, ocularly, or by inhalation to the subject, a cytokine and an immune stimulating complex are not administered to the subject, and the antigen is not a Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen.