Patent ID: 7838548

Claim:
A compound having the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein a is an integer of 1 to 3; b is an integer of 0 to 4, wherein when b is 0, the carbon bonded to X and W is not bonded to 2 or more heteroatoms; each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is, independently, H or C 1-6 alkyl; R 4 is H, optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C 7-16 aralkyl, or optionally substituted C 2-15 heterocyclylalkyl; R 5 is CO 2 H, SO 3 H, OSO 3 H, OP(O)(OH) 2 , or 5-tetrazolyl; X is selected from the group consisting of —NR X1 V, —N(R X1 )C(O)V, —N(R X1 )C(S)V, —N(R X1 )C(O)N(R X2 )V, —N(R X1 )C(S)N(R X2 )V, —N(R X1 )C(O)OV, —N(R X1 )S(O) 2 V, —C(O)N(R X1 )V, —C(O)OV, —OC(O)V, —OC(O)OV, and —OC(O)N(R X1 )V, wherein each of R X1 and R X2 is, independently, H or C 1-6 alkyl, and V is a C 1-20 alkyl, C 2-20 alkenyl, or C 2-20 alkynyl group, optionally substituted with halo, hydroxyl, C 1-21 acyloxy, oxo, C 1-20 alkoxyl, or C 1-20 thioalkoxyl and optionally containing 1 or 2 phenyl or biphenyl moieties in and/or at the end of the carbon chain; W is selected from the group consisting of H, —C(O)N(R W1 )R W2 , —C(O)OR W2 , —(CH 2 ) c OR W3 , —(CH 2 ) c SR W3 , —(CH 2 ) c O(CH 2 ) d CH(OR W3 )R W4 , —(CH 2 ) c S(CH 2 ) d CH(OR W3 )R W4 , —C(O)N(R W1 ) (CH 2 ) c CH(OR W3 )R W4 , and —C(O)N(R W1 )(CH 2 ) c CH(OR W3 )(CH 2 ) e OR W5 , wherein each of c and d is, independently, an integer of 1 to 4, e is an integer of 2 to 4, R W1 is H or C 1-6 alkyl, R W2 is C 1-20 alkyl, C 2-20 alkenyl, or C 2-20 alkynyl, each of R W3 and R W5 is, independently, H, C 1-20 alkyl, C 1-21 acyl, C 2-20 alkenyl, or C 2-20 alkynyl, and R W4 is H, C 1-20 alkyl, C 2-20 alkenyl, or C 2-20 alkynyl, wherein each of R W2 , R W3 , R W4 , and R W5 is optionally substituted with halo, hydroxyl, C 1-21 acyloxy, oxo, C 1-20 alkoxyl, or C 1-20 thioalkoxyl, optionally contains 1 to 2 phenyl or biphenyl moieties in and/or at the end of the carbon chain, and optionally contains 1 to 4 non-vicinal oxygen atoms in the carbon chain; and U is R U2 is C 1-6 alkyl, R U3 is H, and R U12 is H, optionally substituted C 6-10 aryl, optionally substituted C 6-10 aryloxy, optionally substituted C 7-16 aralkyl, optionally substituted C 7-16 aralkoxy, optionally substituted C 2-9 heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 2-9 heterocyclyloxy, optionally substituted C 3-15 heterocyclylalkyl, or optionally substituted C 3-15 heterocyclylalkyloxy.