Patent ID: 8222248

Claim:
A compound of formula (I) designated as the ALPHA group, or a compound of formula (III) designated as the GAMMA group, wherein A is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, wherein A is linked to L1 via a carbon member of the ring when A is a ring, Z is an integer from 0 to 2, R 1 is selected from cyano, lower alkylsulfonylamino, alkanoylamino, halogen, lower alkyl, trifluoromethyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylamino, lower dialkylamino, and NO 2 , R′ 1 is selected from halogen, trifluoromethyl, aryloxy, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylamino, lower dialkylamino, and NO 2 , D is selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, alkanoylamino, carboxy, carbamoyl, —O-L 2 -E, —S-L 2 -E′, —C(O)—O-L 2 -E, -L 2 -E″, and —NR 6 -L 2 -E′, L 2 is —(CH 2 ) n′ —(CR 5 R 5′ ) p′ —(CH 2 ) m′ — E is; alkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, phosphonic acid, phosphonate, cycloalkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, heterocyclyloxycarbony, carboxy, carbamoyl, sulfonyl, —SO 2 —OH, sulfamoyl, sulfonylcarbamoyl, sulfonyloxy, sulfonamido, —C(O)—O—R—PRO, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, and when n′+m′+p′ is equal to zero, E is not sulfonyloxy or sulfonamido, E′ is; alkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, cycloalkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, heterocyclyloxycarbony, carboxy, carbamoyl, sulfonylcarbamoyl, sulfonyl, —SO 2 —OH, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, phosphonic acid, phosphonate, sulfonyloxy, —C(O)—O—R—PRO, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, and when n′+m′+p′ is equal to zero, E′ is not sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, phosphonic acid, phosphonate, or sulfonyloxy, E″ is; alkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, phosphonic acid, phosphonate, cycloalkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, heterocyclyloxycarbony, carboxy, carbamoyl, sulfonyl, sulfamoyl, sulfonyloxy, sulfonamido, —SO 2 —OH, sulfonylcarbamoyl, —C(O)—O—R—PRO, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, m′, n′ and p′ are, independently from each other, an integer from 0 to 4, m′+n′+p′ is between 0 and 12, —R 5 and R 5′ are, independently from each other, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, or lower alkyl, or R 5 and R 5′ are joined together to form a spiro residue of the formula wherein; X′ is NR x , O, S or CR x′ R x″ r′ and s′ are, independently from each other, zero or an integer from 1 to 3, R x is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R x′ is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, or lower alkyl, R x″ is hydrogen or lower alkyl; or a stereoisomer, enantiomer or tautomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.