Patent ID: 8269948

Claim:
An apparatus, comprising: an illumination device; a projection objective; an optical element; and a manipulator, comprising: a first drive device for the optical element, the first drive device, comprising: a movable element; a stationary element movable relative to the movable element; and piezoelectric elements between the movable element and the stationary element, the piezoelectric elements comprising a first set of piezoelectric elements, a second set of piezoelectric elements, and a third set of piezoelectric elements, wherein the optical element is in the illumination device or the projection objective, and the apparatus is a projection exposure apparatus, and wherein during use of the manipulator: the first set of piezoelectric elements has a direction of action which is at least approximately perpendicular to a direction of movement of the movable element; the second set of piezoelectric elements has a direction of action in the direction of movement of the movable element; the third set of piezoelectric elements configured to have a direction of action which is at least approximately perpendicular to the direction of action of the first set of piezoelectric elements; and the direction of action of the third set of piezoelectric elements has an angle with respect to the direction of action of the second set of piezoelectric elements.