Patent ID: 8828984

Claim:
A composition comprising a compound having the formula I, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 7 , R 8 , are each independently —H, and R 3 , R 4 , R 10 , R 11 are each independently selected from an electron pair or —H; or each pair of R 1 and R 3 , R 2 and R 4 , R 7 and R 8 , R 1 and R 10 , R 2 and R 11 is independently joined together to form R 5 , R 6 , R 9 , are each independently selected from a —H, —CH 3 , —C 4 H 9 , —C 6 H 13 , —C 8 H 17 , —C 10 H 21 , —C 16 H 33 , —C 3 H 6 PPh 3 + ; n is an integer ranging from +1 to +2; y is equal to the absolute value of n/b; and X is selected from a carbon or a nitrogen atom; Y is selected from a carbon or a nitrogen atom; and yA b is a counter-ion.