Patent ID: 8187494

Claim:
A compound represented by formula (a-1): wherein R 3 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbons, alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 9 carbons, or alkenyloxy having 2 to 9 carbons; R 4 is alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbons or alkenyloxy having 2 to 9 carbons; rings A 4 and A 5 are each independently trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, or pyridine-2,5-diyl; L 3 and L 4 are each independently hydrogen or fluorine, and at least one of L 3 and L 4 is fluorine; Z 4 and Z 5 are each independently a single bond, —(CH 2 ) 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —COO—, or —OCO—; and o and p are each independently 0 or 1, and o+p is 1 or 2.