Patent ID: 8648468

Claim:
An apparatus, comprising: a first substrate having a plurality of microelectronic components and a multilayer interconnect (MLI) structure containing a plurality of metal lines and vias that provide interconnections for the microelectronic components, wherein the first substrate further includes a first bonding pad that is one of the metal lines at a topmost layer of the MLI structure, the first bonding pad including a first material; and a second substrate having a second bonding pad, the second bonding pad including a second material different from the first material, one of the first and second materials being aluminum, and the other thereof being a titanium alloy; wherein: a portion of the second substrate is bonded to the first substrate through the first and second bonding pads; the first substrate includes an integrated circuit device; and the second substrate includes one of: a through-silicon via (TSV) and a micro-electrical-mechanical system (MEMS) device.