Patent ID: 7835597

Claim:
A top-down conduction electro-optic modulator device operable at a switching voltage, said device comprising: a waveguide comprising a core component comprising a non-linear electro-optical material, said core component having a refractive index, and opposed optically-transparent electrically-conductive waveguide cladding components, each said cladding component directly contacting said core component and having a refractive index less than said core component refractive index at an operative wavelength from about 0.2 μm to about 1.8 μm; and vertically-opposed electrode components above and below said core component, each said electrode component coupled to said waveguide component with a said cladding component, each said cladding component comprising a transparent conducting metal oxide compound providing a transparency and an electrical conductivity for a frequency response at said switching voltage.