Patent ID: 7842288

Claim:
A process to apply a marine anti-bio-fouling layer comprising: cleaning a surface; applying a primer adhesive onto the surface; applying a binder adhesive over the primer adhesive; and applying a plurality metallic granules comprising copper or a copper alloy over the binder adhesive that is applied over the primer adhesive, the binder adhesive and the primer adhesive thereby coupling the plurality of metallic granules to the surface, wherein the plurality of metallic granules comprises one or more metals which oxidize when in contact with water, such that, when the surface having the marine anti-fouling layer applied thereto is immersed in water, a layer of metal oxide is formed on an exterior surface of the plurality of metallic granules in contact with the water; wherein the copper alloy comprises a copper nickel alloy comprising eighty-eight percent copper and ten percent nickel, the remaining two percent comprising Iron and Manganese; wherein the granules are substantially spherical and have a size of up to 250 microns: wherein the primer adhesive is a self-curing and self-leveling adhesive; and wherein the binder adhesive is a self-curing adhesive, is an adhesive modified epoxy resin, and is provided as a layer having a thickness of not more than two-thirds the diameter of the plurality of metallic granules.