Patent ID: 8580810

Claim:
A C x fullerene-derived ketolactam represented by formula I: wherein x is 60, 70, 76, 78, 84, or 90; R is a C 1 -C 50 hydrocarbon chain, branched or unbranched, with unsaturation from zero up to maximal, optionally substituted with one aryl group, heteroaryl group, hydroxyl group, or a branched or unbranched, with unsaturation from zero up to maximal alkanoyloxy group, said aryl or heteroaryl being optionally substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C 1 -C 50 hydrocarbon chain, branched or unbranched, with unsaturation from zero up to maximal alkyl group, a C 1 -C 50 , linear alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 50 , branched or unbranched, with unsaturation from one up to maximal alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 50 , branched or unbranched, with unsaturation from zero up to maximal alkanoyloxy group, or a —O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n R′ group; n is 1 to 100 inclusive; R′ is H, aryl, or a C 1 -C 50 hydrocarbon chain, branched or unbranched, with unsaturation from zero up to maximal; the C x fullerene-derived ketolactam optionally further comprises one or more additional ketolactam modifications of the fullerene cage; and the C x fullerene-derived ketolactam optionally further comprises one or more additional addends bonded to the fullerene cage.