Patent ID: 8532534

Claim:
A charging member comprising a conductive substrate and a conductive resin layer; the conductive resin layer comprising: a binder, conductive fine particles, and bowl-shaped resin particles each of which has an opening, wherein the bowl-shaped resin particles are contained in the conductive resin layer in such a way as not to be exposed to an outer surface of the charging member, the surface of the charging member has concavities derived from the openings of the bowl-shaped resin particles and protrusions derived from edges of the openings of the bowl-shaped resin particles, each of the bowl-shaped resin particles has a roundish concavity, the bowl-shaped resin particles include inner walls lined with the conductive resin layer, and a top-to-bottom distance between each top of the protrusions derived from the openings of the bowl-shaped resin particles and a corresponding bottom of the concavities derived from the openings of the bowl-shaped particles ranges from 5 μm or more to 100 μm or less.