Patent ID: 7209622

Claim:
A resonator, comprising: a three-dimensional photonic crystal including a plurality of point defects, wherein the three-dimensional photonic crystal includes: a first layer in which a plurality of columnar structures are arranged at a predetermined interval; a second layer in which a plurality of columnar structures extended in a direction different from a direction in which the columnar structure of the first layer extends at predetermined intervals; a third layer in which a plurality of columnar structures extended in a direction aligned with the direction in which the columnar structure of the first layer extends at predetermined intervals; a fourth layer in which a plurality of columnar structures extended in a direction aligned with a direction in which the columnar structure of the second layer extends at predetermined intervals; and at least one additional layer including discrete structures discretely arranged in a plane parallel to each of the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, and the fourth layer, wherein the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, and the forth layer are successively stacked with the additional layer interposed therebetween, wherein the columnar structures included in the first layer and the third layer are stacked to shift the columnar structures by half the predetermined interval in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the columnar structures are extended, wherein the columnar structures included in the second layer and the fourth layer are stacked to shift the columnar structures by half the predetermined interval in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the columnar structures are extended, wherein each of the discrete structures included in the additional layer is a three-dimensional photonic crystal arranged at a position corresponding to intersections of the columnar structures, and wherein at least one of the plurality of point defects has no eigenmode in a photonic band gap of the three-dimensional photonic crystal.