Patent ID: 8883379

Claim:
A pattern forming process comprising the steps of forming a photoresist layer on a wafer, forming a protective film thereon, and exposure in vacuum, the protective film being formed from a resist protective film-forming composition, the photoresist layer being formed from a resist composition comprising a copolymer comprising recurring units of at least one type selected from recurring units (a1) and (a2) having a carboxyl group and phenol group whose hydroxyl moiety is substituted with an acid labile group, respectively, as represented by the general formula (2) and recurring units of at least one type selected from recurring units (b1) and (b2) of a sulfonium salt as represented by the general formula (3) and having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 500,000, as a base resin, in formula (2), R 1 and R 3 are each independently hydrogen or methyl, R 2 and R 4 each are an acid labile group, X 1 is a single bond, a C 1 -C 12 linking group having an ester radical, lactone ring, phenylene radical or naphthylene radical, phenylene group or naphthylene group, X 2 is a single bond, an ester group or an amide group, in formula (3), R 5 and R 9 are each independently hydrogen or methyl, R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are each independently a straight, branched or cyclic C 1 -C 12 alkyl group which may contain a carbonyl, ester or ether radical, or C 6 -C 12 aryl group, C 7 -C 20 aralkyl group or thiophenyl group, A 1 is a single bond, -A 0 -C(═O)—O— or -A 0 -O—C(═O)—, A 0 is a straight, branched or cyclic C 1 -C 12 alkylene group which may contain a carbonyl, ester or ether radical, A 2 is hydrogen or CF 3 , Z 1 is a single bond, methylene, ethylene, phenylene, fluorophenylene, —O—R 13 —, or —C(═O)—Z 2 —R 13 —, Z 2 is oxygen or NH, R 13 is a straight, branched or cyclic C 1 -C 6 alkylene group, phenylene group, fluorophenylene group, trifluoromethyl-substituted phenylene group or alkenylene group, which may contain a carbonyl, ester, ether or hydroxyl radical, a1, a2, b1 and b2 are numbers in the range: 0≦a1≦0.9, 0≦a2≦0.9, 0<a1+a2≦0.9, 0≦b1≦0.3, 0≦b2≦0.3, and 0<b1+b2≦0.3, and the resist protective film forming composition comprising a novolak resin of a bisphenol compound having the general formula (1) as a base resin, wherein R α is each independently hydrogen, a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group, or C 6 -C 10 aryl group, R β is a single bond or a 2n-valent C 1 -C 40 hydrocarbon group of straight, branched or cyclic structure which may have a bridged cyclic hydrocarbon radical, aliphatic unsaturation, heteroatom, or C 6 -C 30 aromatic radical, n is an integer of 1 to 4, R γ is a single bond or a straight or branched alkylene group which may have an aromatic radical, p and q each are an integer of 1 to 3.