Patent ID: 7151629

Claim:
A three-dimensional photonic crystal exhibiting photonic band gaps, comprising: a first region including a first layer, a second layer, a third layer and a fourth layer; and a second region including the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, the fourth layer and additional layers including discrete structures spaced from each other, wherein the first to fourth layers are arranged in that order, wherein the first to fourth layers include a plurality of rod-shaped structures arranged at a predetermined interval, wherein the rod-shaped structures included in the first and third layers extend in the same direction, wherein the rod-shaped structures included in the second and fourth layers extend in the same direction, wherein the longitudinal direction of the rod-shaped structures included in the first and third layers is different from that of the rod-shaped structures included in the second and fourth layers, wherein the rod-shaped structures included in the first layer are displaced by half of the predetermined interval from those included in the third layer in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which those included in the first and third layers extend, wherein the rod-shaped structures included in the second layer are displaced by half of the predetermined interval from those included in the fourth layer in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which those included in the second and fourth layers extend, wherein the additional layers in the second region are disposed between the first to fourth layers in parallel to the first to fourth layers, wherein the discrete structures are located at positions corresponding to the intersections of the rod-shaped structures included in the first to fourth layers, and wherein the horizontal interval and the vertical interval of the rod-shaped structures in the first region are the same as those of the rod-shaped structures in the second region, respectively.