Patent Description:
A compressor operates to increase pressure of a working fluid. In particular, a prime mover is used to rotate a shaft, and/or blades to pressurize a working fluid through the compressor. The prime mover may be a reciprocating engine, such as a piston based engine, a combustion turbine, etc. The prime mover provides the work that pressurizes the working fluid. Additionally, heat is exhausted from the prime mover. This exhaust heat may then be reused as part of a thermodynamic cycle, such as in the Brayton cycle.

In some applications, attempting to use the heat in the exhaust gases can be problematic. For example, when natural gas is conveyed through pipelines across long distances, several compressors may need to be spaced apart along the pipelines to pressurize or maintain pressure of the natural gas. Facilities that include such compressors are referred to as compressor stations. These compressor stations typically house the compressor and prime mover. With the excess heat being exhausted, however, the size of the equipment a needed to use the excess heat can be large and expensive. Specifically, the gain in electricity and/or efficiency may not offset the cost and design constraints resulting from use of the exhaust heat. Electricity generated by such a turbine may not have a place to be transmitted or stored, however, because compressor stations often are remote from electrical grids. Thus, the cost and size constraints make providing such a turbine undesirable.

While smaller, more compact turbines exist that may be able to more effectively handle exhaust heat, often the working fluid of such turbines is considered harmful to the environment. With environmental concerns ever present for natural gas pipelines, again, such turbines are also undesirable. As a result, exhaust heat from compressor stations is simply exhausted into the atmosphere, causing significant inefficiencies within compressor stations.

In <CIT> a station for increasing the pressure in a natural gas or other fuel gas pipeline is described. The waste heat discharged from a gas turbine is utilized to generate steam by a waste heat recovery boiler. This steam is passed to a steam turbine to rotate the latter and the output torque from the steam turbine is utilized to drive a compressor so as to compress fuel gas that is a subject of conveyance.

<CIT> discloses an auxiliary apparatus for augmenting the pressure head of a gas flowing in a pipeline provided by at least one gas turbine running a first pressure augmenting means. The auxiliary apparatus comprising: a vapor turbine operatively connected to a second pressure augmenting means; first connection means for providing fluid communication between said pipeline and said second pressure augmenting means; second connection means for providing fluid communication between said first pressure augmenting means and said second pressure augmenting means; and heating means for vaporizing a working fluid of said vapor turbine.

<CIT> describes a system for generating energy that includes an internal combustion engine with a Rankine cycle plant that is fed with waste heat from the internal combustion engine. In the system, an electric motor is connected with a plurality of line sections to a power network that is fed by a generator. The electric power generator is driven by a turbine in the Rankine process, wherein the electric motor has a higher number of poles than the generator, in order to adapt the rotational speed of the electric motor to the rotational speed of the combustion engine or the rotational speed of the generator.

The invention relates to a system according to claim <NUM> and a method according to claim <NUM>.

Other embodiments and aspects of the disclosure will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description taken in conjunction with the drawings.

The present inventive subject matter will be better understood from reading the following description of non-limiting embodiments, with reference to the attached drawings, wherein below:.

A compressor system is provided that includes a first compressor driven by a reciprocating engine or a combustion turbine coupled to an exhaust assembly containing a heat driven power cycle. The heat driven power cycle in the exhaust assembly provides a variable driving force to an electric motor to control the operation of a second compressor coupled to the electric motor to supplement pressurization of working fluid through the compressor system. The heat driven power cycle in the exhaust assembly is sealed to prevent leakage of operating fluids into the environment. Specifically, the exhaust assembly utilizes the exhaust heat from the first compressor as an energy source to power a generator that is electrically coupled to an electrical motor that operates a second, or supplemental compressor.

A synchronous electrical coupling is provided between the generator and electrical motor allowing a high frequency input that drives the electrical motor. Also, by having the synchronous electrical coupling at a high frequency, the exhaust assembly may be hermetically sealed within a container or housing to prevent leakage of operating fuel of the exhaust assembly. In this manner, the exhaust assembly may utilize a turbine, such as a super critical CO2 turbine, to convert the exhaust heat into electric current without concern of leakage of CO2 emissions into the environment. Additionally, the exhaust assembly also functions to modulate the load on the electric motor to provide a variable input. In this manner, the exhaust assembly may operate, or control the electric motor of the second compressor.

<FIG> illustrates a schematic diagram of a compressor system <NUM>. The compressor system <NUM> in one example may be a compressor station that pressurizes natural gas flowing through a natural gas pipeline. Alternatively, the compressor system may pressurize another working fluid as the fluid is conveyed from a first location to a second location.

The compressor system <NUM> includes a first working fluid compressor <NUM> that receives a working fluid from an inlet <NUM>. In one example, the working fluid is natural gas, though in alternative examples other working fluids may be provided. The first working fluid compressor <NUM> is coupled to a prime mover <NUM>. In one example, the prime mover <NUM> is a turbine, such as a gas turbine. In other examples the prime mover <NUM> may be mechanically operated through a combustion process to operate the first compressor <NUM>. After the combustion drives the prime mover <NUM>, heat from the combustion exits the prime mover along an exhaust path <NUM> to a heat exchanger <NUM>. As used herein, heat exchanger <NUM> may be considered a device that transfers heat between two fluid wherein the two fluids are physically separated from one another within the heat exchanger. The fluids may be gases, liquids, or a gas and a liquid. In one example, the exhaust heat is expelled at approximately <NUM>°F. Meanwhile, the prime mover <NUM> provides the work needed for the first working fluid compressor <NUM> to pressurize the working fluid. In particular, the working fluid is received from the inlet <NUM> and flows into the first compressor <NUM> and exits the compressor <NUM> along a first outlet fluid flow path <NUM> with a pressurized boost.

An exhaust assembly <NUM> is coupled to the prime mover <NUM> such that the heat within the exhaust path <NUM> is received by the exhaust assembly <NUM> via the heat exchanger <NUM>. In particular, the heat exchanger <NUM> receives heat from the prime mover <NUM> and conveys the heat to an inlet <NUM> of the exhaust assembly <NUM>. The heat exchanger <NUM> also expels low temperature exhaust gas from an outlet <NUM>. The exhaust assembly <NUM> in one example is a waste heat recovery assembly.

The exhaust assembly <NUM> may be sealed within a housing <NUM> such that working components are not exposed to the environment. The exhaust assembly <NUM> may be hermetically sealed within the housing <NUM>. In one example, the exhaust assembly <NUM> includes the heat exchanger <NUM> within the housing <NUM> that receives the exhaust heat generated by the prime mover <NUM>. Alternatively, the heat exchanger <NUM> is located remote to the housing <NUM> and provides only the inlet <NUM> into the housing <NUM>.

The exhaust assembly <NUM> includes an auxiliary turbine <NUM> that is mechanically coupled to an auxiliary compressor <NUM>. The auxiliary turbine <NUM> may also be considered an expander, or a turbine expander. In one embodiment, the auxiliary turbine <NUM> and auxiliary compressor <NUM> are a supercritical CO2 turbine and a supercritical CO2 compressor. Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) is a fluid state of carbon dioxide held above the critical temperature and critical pressure of the carbon dioxide. A critical point of a substance is the endpoint of an equilibrium curve between phases. For supercritical CO2 the critical point is the pressure point and temperature point between gas and liquid where an increase in pressure forms liquid, even with a corresponding increase in temperature. For CO2, the critical temperature is approximately <NUM> or <NUM>°F, and the critical pressure is approximately <NUM> bar, or <NUM> pounds per square inch.

By using supercritical CO2, the auxiliary turbine <NUM> and auxiliary compressor <NUM> may be reduced in size. By reducing the size of the auxiliary turbine <NUM> and auxiliary compressor <NUM>, the entire exhaust assembly <NUM> may be sealed within the housing <NUM> such that if the auxiliary turbine <NUM> or auxiliary compressor <NUM> leak, the housing <NUM> can contain the leak, preventing any effect on the environment.

The auxiliary turbine <NUM> receives a heated second working fluid from the heat exchanger <NUM>. The second working fluid may be considered an auxiliary working fluid. In one example, the second working fluid is a super critical working fluid such as super critical CO2. The auxiliary turbine then converts the energy in the second working fluid into mechanical work, rotating an input shaft <NUM> that may function as an input shaft of a generator <NUM>. Meanwhile, the exhaust second working fluid from the auxiliary turbine <NUM> flows from an outlet <NUM> to a heat exchanger <NUM> that transfers excess heat into the environment. In one example cooling water flows through the heat exchanger <NUM> and heat is transferred to the cooling water that exits the heat exchanger <NUM>. The heated water may then be used for other purposes. Alternatively, cooling air may be used to transfer heat from the auxiliary turbine <NUM> and exhaust the heat. From the heat exchanger <NUM>, the second working fluid flows through path <NUM> to an inlet of the auxiliary compressor <NUM> where the second working fluid may be compressed and conveyed into the heat exchanger <NUM> where heat is transferred to the second working fluid for use by the auxiliary turbine <NUM>. In this manner effectively, a closed loop Brayton cycle may be presented within the exhaust assembly <NUM>.

In one example, the input shaft <NUM> functions as a rotor of the generator <NUM>. Alternatively, the input shaft <NUM> can be mechanically coupled to the rotor of the generator <NUM> to rotate the rotor at a determined frequency. Specifically, a gear set may be used in association with the input shaft <NUM> to provide a determined input frequency for a rotor mechanically coupled to the input shaft <NUM>. As a result, the frequency of the electric current generated by the generator <NUM> may be mechanically controlled, eliminating or reducing the need for using electronic conditioning circuitry. Electronic conditioning circuitry may be circuitry that receives current at a first frequency and modifies the frequency of the current to a second different frequency. In particular, the current may be conditioned to change the frequency of the current. This is opposed to electronic circuitry that may be used to merely provide an electrical connection and does not modify the frequency of the current. In the compressor system <NUM>, the need for electronic conditioning circuitry can be eliminated or reduced, because inputs of the exhaust assembly <NUM> may be modified to control the input frequency of the rotor of the generator. Thus, whether through thermodynamic properties, gearing properties, or the like, the frequency of the electric current generated by the generator <NUM> can be varied and controlled through mechanical systems instead of electrical systems. As a result, the electrical circuitry associated with the generator <NUM> may be simplified.

The generator <NUM> receives the input from the input shaft <NUM>. In one example, the input shaft <NUM> rotates at <NUM> rpm, or <NUM>. Specifically, the generator <NUM> may be a high frequency generator, where the auxiliary turbine <NUM> controls the output speed of the input shaft <NUM>, and thus may vary the frequency of the generator <NUM> based on the heat conveyed to the auxiliary turbine <NUM>. As used herein, a high frequency generator, or high frequency current source references to frequencies above <NUM>. Any component of the exhaust assembly may be monitored and operated to control the output speed of the input shaft <NUM>, and thus the input frequency to the generator <NUM>. In this manner, the exhaust assembly <NUM> may function to provide a variable frequency input based on thermodynamic parameters, or mechanical parameters of the components within the exhaust assembly <NUM>.

The generator <NUM> may be an electric dipole generator that includes two or more dipoles, and a winding that comprises a number of loops rotating in the magnetic field between the dipoles. The number of magnetic poles may vary. The generator <NUM> includes a rotor and stator, and may include any of the rotor and stator arrangements as depicted in <FIG>. In one example, two magnetic poles may be used, whereas in another example, six or more magnetic poles may be used. The rotating of the winding within the magnetic field then induces electromotive force (EMF) to produce current. The rotational speed of the input shaft <NUM> consequently controls the current, and specifically the frequency of the current produced by the generator. In particular, as the rotational speed of the input shaft <NUM> increases, the frequency of the current generated by the generator <NUM> similarly can increase.

The generator <NUM> may be electrically coupled to an electric motor <NUM>. In one example, the electric motor <NUM> may be an alternating current (A/C) motor that includes a number of magnetic poles similar to the generator. The generator <NUM> and electric motor <NUM> may be synchronously coupled and electrically coupled to accommodate a high frequency output of the generator <NUM>. In particular, a synchronous coupling may be provided because the electric motor <NUM> outputs a frequency that may be the same as the frequency inputted into the generator, or the frequency inputted into the generator may be only altered by a ratio of the number of magnetic poles in the generator <NUM> compared to the number of magnetic poles in the electric motor <NUM>. By being synchronous, additional electronic conditioning circuitry for adjusting the output frequency of the current from the exhaust system may be unneeded.

The electric motor <NUM> receives the current from the generator <NUM> at the magnetic poles to rotate an output shaft <NUM> to provide work. The output shaft <NUM> may be the rotor of the electric motor <NUM>, or may be mechanically coupled to the rotor. Similar to the input shaft <NUM> of the auxiliary turbine <NUM>, while the output shaft <NUM> may be the rotor, in other embodiments, the output frequency of the output shaft <NUM> may be modified through mechanical gearing to provide a desired output frequency of the electric motor <NUM>. Again, this allows adjustment of the output frequency without use of electronic conditioning circuitry, simplifying the electrical connection between the generator <NUM> and electric motor <NUM>.

In one example, the number of magnetic poles of the rotor of the electric motor <NUM> may be the same as the number of poles of the rotor of the generator <NUM>, such as two magnetic poles to two magnetic poles. In such an embodiment, the poles present a one-to-one ratio. Alternatively, in another example, the rotor of the generator <NUM> may have six magnetic poles while the rotor of the electric motor may have <NUM> magnetic poles to provide a ratio of <NUM>. In this manner, an electric gear set may be provided for the rotor, or output shaft <NUM>, of the generator <NUM>. The electric gear set reduces or increases the input to the generator <NUM> based on the magnetic pole ratio of the rotor of the generator <NUM> compared to the rotor of the electric motor <NUM>. In each example, the generator <NUM> operates synchronously with the electric motor <NUM> to reduce the need to use power electronics, or electronic conditioning circuitry to convert frequencies. By reducing the use of power electronics, the system may be more reliable, and cost effective.

The output shaft <NUM> of the electric motor <NUM> can be mechanically coupled to a second working fluid compressor <NUM>. The output shaft <NUM> may be controlled by the current input from the generator <NUM> along with the ratio of poles between the generator <NUM> and electric motor <NUM>. Therefore, the output shaft <NUM> may be rotated and provide work at a revolutions per second desired by the second working fluid compressor <NUM>. By using the input shaft <NUM> of the auxiliary turbine <NUM> to create current in the generator <NUM>, instead of as a prime mover for the second working fluid compressor <NUM>, the exhaust assembly <NUM> may be sealed within the housing <NUM> and prevent leakage of the second working fluid in the exhaust assembly <NUM> from reaching the environment. Specifically, a rotating input shaft <NUM> would need an opening within a housing to rotate, providing an area for second working fluid, such as CO2, to escape. Whereas, with the input shaft <NUM> being used with a generator <NUM> to produce current, the electric coupling allows for a sealable coupling through the housing <NUM> to the electric motor <NUM>. Additionally, by using magnetic pole ratios between the generator <NUM> and electric motor <NUM>, the output shaft <NUM> speed may be varied and controlled as needed for the second working fluid compressor <NUM>. Consequently, the exhaust generated from operating the prime mover <NUM> may be used to supplement the pressurization of the first working fluid by powering the electric motor <NUM> to operate a second working fluid compressor <NUM>. The resulting system may be over <NUM>% more efficient than systems that do not recycle the exhaust heat. Additionally, the exhaust assembly <NUM> can be sealed to the environment to prevent environmental leaks, thus preventing drawback from implementation of the system.

The second working fluid compressor <NUM> receives the first working fluid from the inlet <NUM>. The first working fluid may be compressed, and pressurized within the second working fluid compressor. The pressurized first working fluid may then be expelled from the second working fluid compressor <NUM> into a second outlet fluid flow path <NUM>. The second outlet fluid flow path <NUM> may combine with and intersect the first fluid flow path <NUM> to combine pressurized first working fluid before exiting the compressor system <NUM>. While in the example of <FIG>, the first working fluid compressor <NUM> and second working fluid compressor <NUM> are illustrated in a parallel arrangement, in other examples, the first working fluid compressor <NUM> and second working fluid compressor <NUM> may be in a series arrangement.

<FIG> illustrates a schematic diagram of an example compressor system <NUM> used within a predetermined environment <NUM>. The compressor system <NUM> in one example may be a compressor station. The compressor system <NUM> in one example may be the compressor system <NUM> of <FIG>. Specifically, within the environment <NUM> can be a pipeline <NUM> that extends across a terrain <NUM>. In one example, the pipeline <NUM> may be a natural gas pipeline. The compressor system <NUM> can be coupled within the pipeline <NUM> to receive a first working fluid at an inlet <NUM> and to provide pressurized working fluid at an outlet <NUM>. In particular, all of the first working fluid within the pipeline <NUM> is conveyed to the compressor system <NUM> for pressurization before returning to the pipeline <NUM>. As illustrated, the compressor system <NUM> includes a first compressor assembly <NUM>, an exhaust assembly <NUM>, and a second compressor assembly <NUM> for pressurizing the first working fluid. Alternatively, additional compressor assemblies may be provided in the compressor system <NUM> and work in parallel with the first compressor assembly <NUM> and second compressor assembly <NUM>. The first compressor assembly <NUM> may include a prime mover, engine, motor, turbine, gas turbine, or the like, to provide an input to a first compressor to pressurize the first working fluid.

The exhaust assembly <NUM> may include a heat exchanger, compressor, engine, motor, turbine, gas turbine, generator, etc. to convert heat from the first compressor assembly into a high frequency current source. In one example, the exhaust assembly <NUM> converts the exhaust heat of the first compressor assembly as described in relation to <FIG>. Alternatively, the exhaust heat may be converted in an alternative manner. In one example, the exhaust assembly <NUM> may be hermetically sealed within a housing to prevent the leakage of a second working fluid used by the exhaust assembly into the pipeline <NUM> or environment.

The second compressor assembly <NUM> may include an electric motor that can be electrically coupled to the exhaust assembly <NUM>. In one example, the electric motor can be synchronously coupled with a generator of the exhaust assembly <NUM>. In all, the second compressor assembly receives an input from the exhaust assembly and pressurizes the first working fluid received at the inlet <NUM> for providing pressurized working fluid at the output <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates a schematic block process diagram of an example process <NUM> of supplementing pressurization of a first working fluid. The example process <NUM> may be implemented by the compressor systems <NUM> or <NUM>. In one example, the first working fluid may be natural gas supplied through a pipeline spanning across a terrain.

At <NUM>, a first working fluid can be pressurized with a first working fluid compressor. The first working fluid compressor may include an input that receives the first working fluid and an output that expels the first working fluid as pressurized fluid.

At <NUM>, a mechanical input can be supplied to the first working fluid compressor with a prime mover. The prime mover may be an internal combustion engine, gas turbine, hybrid engine, or the like that includes an output shaft that may be used by the first working fluid compressor. The prime mover operates simultaneously with the first working fluid compressor to provide the mechanical input needed to pressurize the first working fluid.

At <NUM>, exhaust heat can be expelled by the prime mover when supplying the mechanical input to the first working fluid compressor and conveyed to an exhaust assembly. The exhaust heat may be generated as a byproduct of the engine rotating an output shaft. The exhaust heat may be generated by burning fuel, expanding fuel, heating fuel, etc. In one example, the exhaust heat may be over <NUM>°F.

At <NUM>, exhaust heat can be converted into electric current with the exhaust assembly. In one example, the exhaust assembly includes a heat exchanger that receives the exhaust heat and conveys input heat from the heat exchanger to an auxiliary turbine. The auxiliary turbine extracts work from a second working fluid and exhausts to a heat rejection heat exchanger which extracts residual heat from the second working fluid and transfers it to the environment. In one example, the second working fluid is a super critical working fluid. The super critical working fluid may be super critical CO2. The auxiliary compressor may then compress the second working fluid from the heat rejection heat exchanger and returns the working fluid to the exhaust heat exchanger to complete the cycle. The auxiliary turbine provides the mechanical input to drive the auxiliary compressor.

The auxiliary turbine may expand the input heat from the heat exchanger to generate a turbine mechanical output. The turbine mechanical output in one example may supply power to a rotor of the generator. In particular, the rotor may include a predetermined number of magnetic poles, each of which is supported by a winding or a permanent magnet. The generator additionally includes a stator that also has a predetermined number of magnetic poles each having a winding. The stator and rotor will have the same number of poles. The rotating magnet poles produce a continuously changing magnetic field in relation to the stator magnetic poles to generate voltage in the stator windings. In this manner the generator generates an AC voltage based on the turbine mechanical output. The frequency of the AC voltage is tied to the speed of the turbine shaft.

At <NUM>, the electric voltage induced within the stator of the generator can be synchronously and electrically supplied from the generator of the exhaust assembly to an electric motor. Specifically, the turbine provides a turbine mechanical output that may be received by the generator as described above in relation to <FIG>. In one example, the turbine mechanical output can be mechanically coupled to the rotor of the generator. In another example, the turbine mechanical output can be a rotating shaft that may be the rotor of the generator. The rotor thus includes a rotating shaft that rotates at a first rotational speed, or first frequency.

The rotor includes magnetic poles with windings that are rotated accordingly to induce an electric current in the stator of the generator at a first frequency. The electric voltage induced within the stator of the generator may then be received by the winding of a stator of the electric motor. The current in the winding around the magnetic poles of the stator form a magnetic field that may interact with the magnetic field created by the rotor field windings of the electric motor. The rotor field of the motor can also be created by permanent magnets. Consequently, the rotor of the electric motor may rotate based on the electric voltage received from the generator and the number of magnetic poles of the rotor of the generator and motor.

Based on the arrangement, the first frequency of the rotor of the generator may be a multiple of the ratio of the number of magnetic poles of the rotor of the generator compared to the number of magnetic poles of the rotor of the electric motor. Specifically, by connecting the generator to the electric motor, a synchronous coupling may be provided where output frequency of the electric motor may be controlled by the ratio of the magnetic poles of the generator and electric motor. In this manner, the electric motor may be configured to receive a high frequency input to ensure additional electronic conditioning circuity may not be required, or may be reduced to provide current of a determined frequency to the electric motor.

By providing a high frequency electric motor that avoids use of electronic conditioning circuitry, the only coupling between the generator and electric motor may be a simple conductive coupling. By providing a simple conductive coupling without additional electronic conditioning circuitry, the entire exhaust assembly may be sealed within a housing with the conductive coupling disposed through the housing to provide the coupling to the electric motor. By sealing the exhaust assembly within a housing, any leakage of the second working fluid of the exhaust assembly may be contained in the housing and not emitted to the environment.

At <NUM>, the electric motor supplies a mechanical input to a second working fluid compressor. In one example, the mechanical input may be a rotating output shaft of the electric motor.

At <NUM>, the second working fluid compressor pressurizes the first working fluid. Specifically, by utilizing the exhaust assembly to generate electric current that operates the electric motor, a second working fluid compressor may be added to the compressor system to supplement pressurization of the first working fluid.

<FIG> illustrates a schematic example of a generator <NUM> electrically and synchronously coupled to an electric motor <NUM>. The generator <NUM> includes a generator stator <NUM> that can be stationary and a generator rotor <NUM> that rotates within the generator stator <NUM>. While in this example the generator rotor <NUM> rotates within the generator stator <NUM>, in other examples the generator stator <NUM> may be within the generator rotor <NUM> that rotates about the generator stator <NUM>. The generator stator <NUM> includes a first magnetic pole 408a, second magnetic pole 408b, third magnetic pole 408c, and fourth magnetic pole 408d, wherein the first magnetic pole 408a includes a first winding 410a, the second magnetic pole 408b includes a second winding 410b, the third magnetic pole 408c includes a third winding 410c, and the fourth magnetic pole 408d includes a fourth winding 410d. The generator rotor <NUM> similarly includes a first magnetic pole 412a, second magnetic pole 412b, third magnetic pole 412c, and fourth magnetic pole 412d. In one example, the first magnetic pole 412a, second magnetic pole 412b, third magnetic pole 412c, and fourth magnetic pole 412d are permanent magnets that establish the magnetic field of the generator motor <NUM>. Alternatively, the generator rotor <NUM> may include field windings that establish the magnetic field.

The electric motor <NUM> similarly includes an electric motor stator <NUM> and an electric motor rotor <NUM>. The electric motor stator <NUM> includes a first magnetic pole 420a, second magnetic pole 420b, third magnetic pole 420c, and fourth magnetic pole 420d with corresponding first windings 422a, second windings 422b, third windings 422c, and fourth windings 422d. Specifically, the windings 422a, 422b, 422c, and 422d of the electric motor stator <NUM> are electrically coupled to the windings 410a, 410b, 410c, and 410d of the generator stator <NUM> to receive the induced current from the generator stator <NUM>. The electric motor rotor <NUM> also includes a first magnetic pole 424a, second magnetic pole 424b, third magnetic pole 424c, and fourth magnetic pole 424d. Based on the current within the windings 422a, 422b, 422c, and 422d of the electric motor stator <NUM>, the magnetic field produced results in the magnetic poles 424a, 424b, 424c, and 424d rotating the electric motor rotor <NUM> accordingly. In one example the first magnetic pole 424a, second magnetic pole 424b, third magnetic pole 424c, and fourth magnetic pole 424d of the electric motor rotor <NUM> may be permanent magnets to establish a magnetic field. Alternatively, the first magnetic pole 424a, second magnetic pole 424b, third magnetic pole 424c, and fourth magnetic pole 424d of the electric motor rotor <NUM> may include windings to establish a magnetic field.

In the embodiment of <FIG>, the magnetic pole ratio of the generator rotor <NUM> compared to the electric motor rotor <NUM> is one to one. Specifically, the number of poles of the generator rotor <NUM> and generator stator <NUM> must be equal, and similarly the number of poles of the electric motor stator <NUM> and electric motor rotor <NUM> must also be equal. Thus, because the generator stator <NUM> and generator rotor <NUM> each have four poles, the generator is considered a four pole generator. Similarly, because the electric motor <NUM> also has an electric motor stator <NUM> with four poles and corresponding electric motor rotor <NUM> with four poles, the electric motor <NUM> is considered a four pole electric motor.

While in <FIG> the electric generator <NUM> and electric motor <NUM> are a four pole electric generator and four pole electric motor having poles at a four to four, or one to one ratio, in other examples, the electric generator <NUM> may have a different number of poles than the electric motor <NUM>. In one example, the electric generator <NUM> may be a six pole electric generator while the electric motor <NUM> is a four pole electric motor. A six magnetic pole to four magnetic pole ratio between the generator <NUM> and electric motor <NUM> results in a generator output frequency that is three times the rotational frequency of the generator <NUM> while the rotational speed of the electric motor <NUM> is one half the frequency applied to the stator. Consequently, the motor rotor <NUM> rotates at a speed that is one and a half times higher than the rotational speed of the generator rotor <NUM>. In yet other examples, the electric generator <NUM> may be a two pole electric generator while the electric motor <NUM> may be a four pole electric motor. In yet another example, the electric generator <NUM> may be a four pole electric generator while the electric motor <NUM> is a six pole electric motor. In each example, the number of poles of the electric generator <NUM> compared to the electric motor <NUM> may be used to vary the relationship between the input frequency of the electric generator rotor <NUM> compared to the output frequency of the electric motor rotor <NUM> based on the ratio of the number of poles of the electric generator <NUM> compared to the electric motor <NUM>. This ratio may be one to one, two to one, one and a half to one, half to one, an integer value, a non-integer value, etc..

Thus, the input frequency of a mechanical input into the generator can be the output frequency of a mechanical output from the electric motor <NUM>, or a ratio thereof. In this manner, the generator <NUM> and electric motor <NUM> are both electrically and synchronously coupled such that additional electronic conditioning circuitry to adjust the frequency of the output frequency of the mechanical output from the electric motor <NUM> may be reduced, or unneeded. Because the electric generator <NUM> and electric motor <NUM> are synchronously coupled, the output frequency of a mechanical output of the electric motor <NUM> is dependent on an input frequency of a mechanical input of a generator <NUM> without the use of additional electronic conditioning circuitry to condition the output frequency of the mechanical output of the electric motor <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates an example electric generator <NUM>. In one embodiment, the electric generator <NUM>, is the electric generator <NUM> of <FIG>. While described as an electric generator <NUM>, the electric generator <NUM> may similarly be utilized as an electric motor. In one example, the electric generator <NUM> illustrated in <FIG> is utilized as the electric motor <NUM> of <FIG>. To this end, the example electric generator <NUM> of <FIG> may be utilized as both the electric generator <NUM> of <FIG>, and the electric motor <NUM> of <FIG> in an arrangement where the ratio between the electric generator and electric motor is one to one.

The electric generator <NUM> illustrated is a two pole machine. The electric generator includes a stator <NUM> and rotor <NUM>. The stator may include stator windings <NUM> while the rotor <NUM> includes rotor poles <NUM> with rotor windings <NUM>. Alternatively, the rotor poles <NUM> may be permanent magnets. In one example, the rotor may be considered to be a smooth rotor. In the example of <FIG>, the electrical frequency of the stator <NUM> is the same as the rotational frequency of the rotor <NUM>. Thus, when used as a generator, the electrical frequency produced at the stator winding is the same as the mechanical frequency of the input shaft. When used as an electric motor the output shaft speed of the electric motor is equal to the electrical frequency received from a corresponding generator. In this manner, the two pole machine may be used to vary the frequency of the input shaft of a generator to provide the frequency of the output shaft of an electric motor. Thus, the two pole machine of <FIG> represents a machine that may be used to provide a synchronous coupling between an electric generator and electric motor.

<FIG> illustrates another example electric generator <NUM>. In one embodiment, the electric generator <NUM>, is the electric generator <NUM> of <FIG>. While described as an electric generator <NUM>, the electric generator <NUM> may similarly be utilized as an electric motor. In one example, the electric generator <NUM> illustrated in <FIG> is utilized as the electric motor <NUM> of <FIG>. To this end, the example electric generator <NUM> of <FIG> may be utilized as both the electric generator <NUM> of <FIG> and the electric motor <NUM> of <FIG> in an arrangement where the ratio between the electric generator and electric motor is one to one.

The electric generator <NUM> illustrated is a four pole machine. The electric generator includes a stator <NUM> and rotor <NUM>. The stator may include stator windings <NUM> while the rotor <NUM> includes rotor poles <NUM> with rotor windings <NUM>. Alternatively, the rotor poles <NUM> may be permanent magnets. In one example, the rotor may be considered to be a salient pole rotor. In the example of <FIG>, the electrical frequency of the stator <NUM> is twice the rotational frequency of the rotor <NUM>. In general, the stator electrical frequency is Np/<NUM> times the rotor rotational frequency, where Np is the number of poles. When the electric generator <NUM> of <FIG> is utilized as an electric motor, the output shaft of the motor spins at one-half the of the electrical frequency supplied by the generator. When the electric generator <NUM> is utilized as an electric generator, the electrical frequency produced at the stator winding <NUM> is twice the mechanical frequency of the input shaft of the generator. Thus, the four pole machine of <FIG> represents another machine that may be used to provide a synchronous coupling between an electric generator and electric motor. In all, the examples of <FIG> illustrate some embodiments and electric generators and/or electric motors that may be used to provide the synchronous connection. In other examples, other electric generators and/or electric motors may be utilized that include more poles, different materials, etc. to provide the synchronous coupling.

In one or more embodiments, a system may be provided that may include a first working fluid compressor configured to pressurize a first working fluid, and a prime mover coupled to the first working fluid compressor and configured to provide a mechanical input into the first working fluid compressor. The system may also include an exhaust assembly coupled to the prime mover and configured to receive exhaust heat from the prime mover, the exhaust assembly including a generator configured to generate electric current based on the exhaust heat received by the exhaust assembly, and a second working fluid compressor including an electric motor electrically and synchronously coupled to the generator and configured to pressurize the first working fluid.

Optionally, the generator includes a rotor with plural magnetic poles, and the electric motor includes a rotor with plural magnetic poles. In one example, a ratio of the plural magnetic poles of the rotor of the generator compared to the plural magnetic poles of the rotor of the electric motor may be one to one. Alternatively, a ratio of the plural magnetic poles of the rotor of the generator compared to the plural magnetic poles of the rotor of the electric motor may be a non-integer.

According to the invention, the exhaust assembly is sealed within a housing configured to prevent fluid leakage of a second working fluid. In another aspect, the generator may be electrically coupled to the electric motor through the housing.

Optionally, electronic conditioning circuitry used to vary frequency may not be provided to electrically couple the electric motor and the generator.

According to the invention, the exhaust assembly includes a heat exchanger configured to receive the exhaust heat from the first working fluid compressor and generate input heat. The exhaust assembly also includes an auxiliary turbine coupled to the heat exchanger and configured to receive the input heat from the heat exchanger and convert the input heat into mechanical energy to rotate an input shaft that may be electrically coupled within the generator.

According to the invention, the exhaust assembly includes an auxiliary compressor that is fluidly coupled to the auxiliary turbine and the heat exchanger, the auxiliary compressor configured to receive a second working fluid from the auxiliary turbine, transfer heat from the second working fluid, and pressurize the second working fluid.

Optionally, the auxiliary compressor may be a super critical carbon dioxide compressor.

Optionally, the first working fluid may be natural gas.

According to the invention, a method is provided that includes pressurizing a first working fluid with a first working fluid compressor, supplying a mechanical input with a prime mover to the first working fluid compressor, and conveying exhaust heat expelled by the prime mover when supplying the mechanical input to the first working fluid compressor to an exhaust assembly. The method also includes converting the exhaust heat into an electric current with the exhaust assembly, and synchronously supplying the electric current from the exhaust assembly to an electric motor. The method also includes supplying a mechanical input with the electric motor to a second working fluid compressor, and pressurizing the first working fluid with the second working fluid compressor.

According to the invention, converting the exhaust heat into the electric current includes receiving the exhaust heat at a heat exchanger, and conveying input heat from the heat exchanger to an auxiliary turbine. Converting the exhaust heat into the electric current also includes expanding the input heat from the heat exchanger with the auxiliary turbine to generate a turbine mechanical output, and generating the electric current with a generator that receives the turbine mechanical output.

Optionally, converting the exhaust heat into the electric current may also include compressing a second working fluid with a super critical compressor to provide a super critical compressor input to the auxiliary turbine. The super critical compressor output from the auxiliary turbine may also be conveyed to a heat exchanger to reject heat from the second working fluid before being conveyed to the super critical compressor.

Optionally, the synchronously supplying the electric current from the exhaust assembly to the electric motor may include receiving a turbine mechanical output at a rotor of a generator, the rotor of the generator rotating at a first frequency, generating the electrical current with plural magnetic poles of the rotor of the generator, and supplying the electrical current generated to the electric motor to rotate plural magnetic poles of a rotor of the electric motor.

Optionally, a ratio of the plural magnetic poles of the rotor of the generator compared to the plural magnetic poles of the rotor of the electric motor may be one to one.

According to the invention, the method also includes sealing the exhaust assembly within a housing.

In one or more embodiments, a system may be provided that can include a pipeline configured to convey natural gas, a first compressor assembly fluidly coupled to the pipeline and configured to receive and pressurize the natural gas and expel exhaust heat, and an exhaust assembly fluidly coupled to the first compressor assembly and configured to receive the exhaust heat expelled by the first compressor assembly, the exhaust assembly including at least one compressor configured to operate with a super critical working fluid. The exhaust assembly may include a generator that receives a mechanical input from an auxiliary turbine that may be mechanically coupled to the at least one compressor configured to operate with the super critical working fluid. Exhaust super critical working fluid from the auxiliary turbine is conveyed to a heat exchanger to exhaust heat into the environment. The at least one compressor operating with the super critical working fluid then receives the super critical working fluid from the heat exchanger to compress the super critical working fluid before conveying through the heat exchanger that receives heat from the first compressor assembly. The generator may be configured to generate electric current at a predetermined frequency. The exhaust assembly may also include a second compressor assembly including an electric motor electrically coupled to the generator of the exhaust assembly, and configured to receive the natural gas to pressurize the natural gas.

Optionally, the electric motor may provide a mechanical output at the predetermined frequency.

Optionally, the exhaust assembly may be sealingly disposed with a housing.

Furthermore, references to "one embodiment" of the presently described subject matter are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Moreover, unless explicitly stated to the contrary, embodiments "comprising" or "having" an element or a plurality of elements having a particular property may include additional such elements not having that property.

The above description is illustrative and not restrictive. For example, the above-described embodiments (and/or aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the subject matter set forth herein without departing from its scope. While the dimensions and types of materials described herein are intended to define the parameters of the disclosed subject matter, they are by no means limiting and are example embodiments. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The scope of the subject matter described herein should, therefore, be determined with reference to the appended claims. In the appended claims, the terms "including" and "in which" are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms "comprising" and "wherein. " Moreover, in the following claims, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects. Further, the limitations of the following claims are not written in means-plus-function format and are not intended to be interpreted based on <NUM> U. § <NUM>(f), unless and until such claim limitations expressly use the phrase "means for" followed by a statement of function void of further structure.

Claim 1:
A system comprising:
a first working fluid compressor (<NUM>) configured to pressurize a first working fluid;
a prime mover (<NUM>) coupled to the first working fluid compressor (<NUM>) and configured to provide a mechanical input into the first working fluid compressor (<NUM>);
an exhaust assembly (<NUM>, <NUM>) coupled to the prime mover (<NUM>) and configured to receive exhaust heat from the prime mover (<NUM>), the exhaust assembly (<NUM>, <NUM>) including a generator (<NUM>, <NUM>) configured to generate electric current based on the exhaust heat received by the exhaust assembly (<NUM>, <NUM>);
wherein the exhaust assembly (<NUM>, <NUM>) includes:
- a heat exchanger (<NUM>, <NUM>) configured to receive the exhaust heat from the first working fluid compressor (<NUM>) and transfer input heat;
- an auxiliary turbine (<NUM>) coupled to the heat exchanger (<NUM>, <NUM>) and configured to receive the input heat from the heat exchanger (<NUM>, <NUM>) and convert the input heat into mechanical energy to rotate an input shaft (<NUM>) that is electrically coupled within the generator (<NUM>, <NUM>); and
- an auxiliary compressor (<NUM>) (<NUM>) that is fluidly coupled to the auxiliary turbine (<NUM>) and the heat exchanger (<NUM>, <NUM>), the auxiliary compressor (<NUM>) (<NUM>) configured to receive a second working fluid from the auxiliary turbine (<NUM>) and pressurize the second working fluid;
wherein the exhaust assembly (<NUM>, <NUM>) is sealed within a housing (<NUM>) configured to prevent fluid leakage of a second working fluid and
a second working fluid compressor (<NUM>) (<NUM>) including an electric motor (<NUM>, <NUM>) electrically and synchronously coupled to the generator (<NUM>, <NUM>) and configured to pressurize the first working fluid.