Patent Description:
The disclosure relates to inflatable sports balls.

A variety of inflatable sport balls, such as a soccer ball, conventionally exhibit a layered structure that includes a casing, an intermediate structure, and a bladder. The casing forms an exterior portion of the sports ball and is generally formed from a plurality of durable and wear-resistant panels joined together along abutting edge areas (e.g., with stitching, adhesives, or bonding), i.e., via a seam. Designs such as decorative elements and holistic textural patterns may be applied to the exterior surface of the casing. Decorative elements are conventionally applied via processes such as thermal transfer films or a release paper. Textural patterns are conventionally applied via processes such as embossing, debossing, stamping, molding, or laser etching.

The intermediate structure forms a middle portion of the sport ball and is positioned between the casing and the interior. Among other purposes, the intermediate structure may provide a softened feel to the sports ball, impart energy return, and restrict expansion of the bladder. In some configurations, the intermediate structure or portions of the intermediate structure may be bonded, joined, or otherwise incorporated into the casing as a backing material. In other configurations, the intermediate structure or portions of the intermediate structure may be bonded, joined, or otherwise incorporated into the interior.

A sports ball is provided. The sports ball may include an interior bladder and a cover disposed about the interior bladder. The cover may comprise a plurality of adjoining panels. The cover may further define an exterior surface comprising a plurality of plateau sections and a plurality of indentations extending radially inward from the exterior surface.

Each of the plurality of indentations has an indentation length and collectively the plurality of indentations has an aggregate feature length, which is defined as a sum of all of the indentation lengths. The aggregate feature length is greater than <NUM> centimeters.

While the present disclosure may be described with respect to specific applications or industries, those skilled in the art will recognize the broader applicability of the disclosure. Those having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that terms such as "above," "below," "upward," "downward," etc., are used descriptively of the figures, and do not represent limitations on the scope of the disclosure, as defined by the appended claims. Any numerical designations, such as "first" or "second" are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure in any way.

The terms "comprising," "including," and "having" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, or components.

The terms "a," "an," "the," "at least one," and "one or more" are used interchangeably to indicate that at least one of the items is present.

Features shown in one figure may be combined with, substituted for, or modified by, features shown in any of the figures. Unless stated otherwise, no features, elements, or limitations are mutually exclusive of any other features, elements, or limitations. Furthermore, no features, elements, or limitations are absolutely required for operation. Any specific configurations shown in the figures are illustrative only and the specific configurations shown are not limiting of the claims or the description.

The following discussion and accompanying figures disclose various sports ball configurations and methods relating to manufacturing of the sport balls. Although the sports ball is depicted as a soccer ball in the associated Figures, concepts associated with the configurations and methods may be applied to various types of inflatable sport balls, such as basketballs, footballs (for either American football or rugby), volleyballs, water polo balls, etc. and variety of non-inflatable sports balls, such as baseballs and softballs, may also incorporate concepts discussed herein.

Referring to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like components throughout the several views, a sports ball <NUM> is provided. In a general sense, the sports ball <NUM> of the present disclosure includes a plurality of outer panels <NUM> that each have a predefined panel arrangement <NUM>, <NUM> defined thereon by a plurality of plateau sections <NUM> and a plurality of indentations <NUM>, <NUM>. Each of the plurality of indentations <NUM>, <NUM> has a terminus <NUM>, <NUM> that is radially spaced apart from the exterior surface <NUM> by an indentation depth <NUM>, <NUM>. Further, each indentation has an indentation length <NUM>, <NUM> and the plurality of indentations <NUM>, <NUM> has an aggregate feature length, wherein the aggregate feature length is defined as a sum of all of the indentation lengths <NUM>, <NUM>. The aggregate feature length is greater than <NUM> centimeters.

Sports balls <NUM> having increased aggregate feature lengths, particularly those having aggregate feature lengths greater than <NUM> centimeters have been found to exhibit aerodynamic consistency and softness and feel characteristics that are improved from conventional designs. Based on qualitative assessment based on visual observations, increased aggregate feature length and increased surface coverage of the exterior surface <NUM> by the indentations <NUM>, <NUM> creates positive flight characteristics (consistency and length of trajectory) and enhances the aerodynamics of ball <NUM>, i.e., reducing aerodynamic drag on the ball for better accuracy, consistency, and increased velocity.

When an example sports ball <NUM> maintains an aggregate feature length of greater than <NUM> centimeters and has <NUM>% - <NUM>% of the exterior surface <NUM> occupied by the indentations <NUM>, <NUM>, it is more likely that the boundary layer of air surrounding the sports ball <NUM> in flight will undergo the transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow at a predetermined point. This forced alteration of the flow of air around the ball <NUM>, e.g., tripping the boundary layer from laminar flow to turbulent flow at a predetermined point on the ball <NUM>, increases lift on the ball <NUM> and promotes stability and consistency of the ball <NUM> in flight, which thereby reduces the likelihood of, for example, unwanted dip of the ball <NUM> during a driven shot on goal by a player toward the end of the driven shot and/or wobble during flight.

As shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, the sports ball <NUM> may be an inflatable sports ball such as a soccer ball or the like or a non-inflatable sports ball <NUM> such as a softball or the like. A sports ball <NUM> having the general configuration of a soccer ball is depicted in <FIG> and <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, the sports ball <NUM> may have a layered structure including a cover <NUM> and an interior <NUM> (<FIG> and <FIG>). The cover <NUM> forms an exterior portion of the sports ball <NUM>. The interior <NUM> forms an interior portion of sports ball <NUM>.

In a non-inflatable example configuration of the sports ball <NUM>, the interior <NUM> may be one of a solid mass and hollow mass, fixed in size. In an inflatable example configuration of the sports ball <NUM>, the interior <NUM> may be an interior bladder (<FIG> and <FIG>). In the inflatable example configuration, in order to facilitate inflation (i.e., fill the interior with pressurized air), the interior <NUM> generally includes a valved opening <NUM> that extends through the cover <NUM>, thereby being accessible from an exterior surface <NUM> of the sports ball <NUM>. Upon inflation, the bladder <NUM> is pressurized and the pressurization induces the exterior surface <NUM> of the cover <NUM> to be a substantially spherical surface as the sports ball <NUM> takes on a substantially spherical shape. More particularly, pressure within bladder <NUM> causes the bladder <NUM> to place an outward force upon the cover <NUM> on an inner substrate surface <NUM>.

The cover <NUM> forms an exterior portion of the sports ball <NUM> and defines the exterior surface <NUM>. The term cover <NUM> is meant to include any layer of the sports ball <NUM> that surrounds the interior <NUM>. Thus, the cover <NUM> has a thickness <NUM> and may include both the outermost layer <NUM>, <NUM> and also any intermediate layers <NUM>, <NUM>, which are disposed between the interior <NUM> and the exterior surface <NUM>. As shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, the cover <NUM> may be composed as a layered structure including an outer substrate layer <NUM> and an intermediate structure <NUM> located interior to the outer substrate layer <NUM> between the outer substrate layer <NUM> and the interior <NUM>. The outer substrate layer <NUM> further defines an outer substrate surface <NUM>. The inner substrate surface <NUM> is disposed opposite the outer substrate surface <NUM>, and may be disposed adjacent to the ball interior <NUM>.

In some embodiments, the outer substrate layer <NUM> may be a composed of a polymeric material, a polymer foam material, or the like. Examples of suitable polymer materials include, but are not limited to, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyolefin, and the like.

The intermediate structure <NUM> may include a first intermediate cover layer <NUM> and a second intermediate cover layer <NUM>. The first intermediate cover layer <NUM> is positioned between the outer substrate layer <NUM> and the second intermediate cover layer <NUM>. The second intermediate cover layer <NUM> is positioned between the first intermediate cover layer <NUM> and the interior bladder <NUM>. The second intermediate cover layer <NUM> may include the inner substrate surface <NUM>, wherein the inner substrate surface <NUM> is positioned adjacent to the ball interior <NUM>.

The respective cover layers <NUM>, <NUM> of the intermediate structure <NUM> may be composed of a polymeric material, a polymer foam material, a foam material, textiles, or the like. Examples of suitable polymer materials include, but are not limited to, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyolefin, and the like. Examples of suitable polymer foam materials include, but are not limited to, polyurethane, ethylvinylacetate, and the like. Examples of suitable textile materials include, but are not limited to, a woven or knit textile formed from polyester, cotton, nylon, rayon, silk, spandex, or a variety of other materials. A textile material may also include multiple materials, such as a polyester and cotton blend. The intermediate structure <NUM> may further provide a softened feel to the sports ball <NUM>, impart energy return, and restrict expansion of bladder <NUM>, in an inflatable sports ball <NUM> example. In one example, the outer substrate layer <NUM> may be formed from a thermoplastic polyurethane material (TPU), first intermediate layer <NUM> may be formed from a polymer foam material, the second intermediate layer <NUM> may be formed from one or more of a polymeric material, a polymer foam material, a foam material, or a textile material.

As shown in <FIG>, the cover <NUM> may further include an external surface layer <NUM> disposed upon the outer substrate surface <NUM> of the cover <NUM>. The external surface layer <NUM> may be a film that includes a pigment or a graphic thereon. The external surface layer <NUM> may also be an outer film or clear coat having weather resistant properties. The external surface layer <NUM> may be a polyurethane film or the like. The external surface layer <NUM> may be bonded to the outer substrate surface <NUM> via a suitable bonding material or adhesive.

As shown in <FIG>, the cover <NUM> may be generally formed by a plurality of adjoining panels <NUM>. Each panel <NUM> may have a respective panel surface that defines a portion of the outer substrate surface <NUM>. The plurality of adjoining panels <NUM> includes at least a first panel <NUM> having a first panel surface and a second panel <NUM> having a second panel surface. The plurality of adjoining panels <NUM> may comprise the conventional twelve (<NUM>) panels or any other number of panels <NUM>. For example, four joined panels <NUM> each having nine edges <NUM> and having a generally triangular shape that is formed from three pentagons. The cover <NUM> may also exhibit a substantially uniform or unbroken configuration that does not include panels <NUM> joined at abutting edge areas <NUM> via seams, or may include fewer panels <NUM>. Each panel <NUM> may have a panel center <NUM> and a panel limit <NUM>, wherein the panel limit <NUM> runs adjacent to the respective abutting edge area <NUM>.

As shown in <FIG>, and <FIG>, the cover <NUM> may further define a plurality of indentations <NUM>, <NUM>. Each of the indentations of the plurality of indentations <NUM>, <NUM> may extend radially inward from the exterior surface <NUM>. The exterior surface <NUM> of the cover <NUM> may further define a plurality of plateau sections <NUM> disposed between the indentations <NUM>, <NUM>. The plurality of indentations <NUM>, <NUM> may be further defined as a plurality of peripheral seams <NUM> and plurality of interior channels <NUM>.

In one example, the plurality of peripheral seams <NUM> may be defined as a plurality of seams <NUM> configured to couple the plurality of adjoining panels <NUM>, such that each of the peripheral seams <NUM> being positioned between one of the plurality of adjoining panels <NUM> and another of the plurality of adjoining panels <NUM>. The respective panels <NUM> may be coupled together along abutting edge areas <NUM> (<FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>) via at least one seam <NUM> (<FIG> and <FIG>).

The panels <NUM> may be coupled along the abutting edge areas <NUM> by the seam <NUM> with stitching, bonding, welding, adhesives, or another suitable coupling method. As utilized herein, the term "welding" or variants thereof (such as "thermal bonding") is defined as a technique for securing two elements to one another that involves a softening or melting of a polymer material within at least one of the elements such that the materials of the elements are secured to each other when cooled. Similarly, the term "weld" or variants thereof (e.g., "thermal bond") is defined as the bond, link, or structure that joins two elements through a process that involves a softening or melting of a polymer material within at least one of the elements such that the materials of the elements are secured to each other when cooled.

An example of welded seams <NUM> is disclosed in <CIT> <CIT> generally discloses examples of welded seams, in that welding generally produces a heat-affected zone in which the materials of the two joined components are intermingled. This heat-affected zone may be considered a "weld" or "thermal bond. " Further, welding may involve (a) the melting or softening of two panels that include polymer materials such that the polymer materials from each panel intermingle with each other (e.g., diffuse across a boundary layer between the polymer materials) and are secured together when cooled, as well as (b) the melting or softening a polymer material in a first panel such that the polymer material extends into or infiltrates the structure of a second panel (e.g., infiltrates crevices or cavities formed in the second panel or extends around or bonds with filaments or fibers in the second panel) to secure the panels together when cooled. Further, welding may occur when only one panel includes a polymer material or when both panels include polymer materials.

Referring to <FIG>, each peripheral seam <NUM> has a seam terminus <NUM> that is radially-spaced apart from and radially extending inward from the exterior surface <NUM> toward the inner substrate surface <NUM>. Further, each seam <NUM> has a seam depth <NUM> and a seam width <NUM>. The seam terminus <NUM> is radially-spaced apart from the outer substrate surface <NUM> the seam depth <NUM>. Accordingly, each peripheral seam <NUM> may have a seam aspect ratio. The seam aspect ratio being defined as the ratio of the seam width <NUM> to the seam depth <NUM>. In one example, as shown in <FIG>, the seam depth <NUM> may be greater than <NUM> millimeters. More particularly, the seam depth <NUM> may be from about. <NUM> millimeters to about. <NUM> millimeters. The seam width <NUM> may be from about <NUM> centimeters to <NUM> centimeters.

Further, each seam <NUM> may have a seam length <NUM> (<FIG>). The plurality of peripheral seams <NUM> may further define a first aggregate deboss length. The first aggregate deboss length is defined as a sum of all of the seam lengths <NUM>. In some example embodiments, the first aggregate deboss length may be from about <NUM> centimeters to about <NUM> centimeters. As shown in the examples in <FIG>, the first aggregate deboss length may be about from about <NUM> centimeters to about <NUM> centimeters. More particularly, the first aggregate deboss length may be from about <NUM> centimeters to about <NUM> centimeters.

Referring to <FIG> and <FIG>, the plurality of interior channels <NUM> may be formed as a plurality of debossed features. The term debossed feature as used herein is defined as an indentation in the cover <NUM> that is not a seam <NUM>. Debossed features may impart various advantages to the ball <NUM>. For example, debossed features may enhance the aerodynamics of ball <NUM> or provide a greater amount of consistency or control over ball <NUM> during play, e.g., during kicking, dribbling, or passing.

In some example embodiments, interior channels <NUM> may be spaced apart from the peripheral seams <NUM> of the sport ball <NUM>. In an example embodiment, wherein the cover <NUM> has a substantially uniform or unbroken configuration that does not include panels <NUM> or includes fewer panels, an interior channel <NUM> may be positioned in areas of the cover <NUM> that correspond with the positions of seams <NUM> in a conventional sports ball <NUM>, in order to impart the appearance of seams <NUM>.

The plurality of interior channels <NUM> may be formed on the cover <NUM> via a variety of manufacturing processes including, but not limited to, debossing. Examples of a manufacturing process for forming debossed features are disclosed in <CIT> <CIT> generally discloses a variety of manufacturing processes that may be utilized to form debossed features in panels. In one example, one of panels is located on a platen. A press plate is positioned above platen and includes a protrusion having a predetermined shape. The protrusion presses into and heats the areas of panel forming the debossed features. The press plate then moves away from panel to substantially complete the formation of the debossed feature.

As shown in <FIG>, and <FIG>, each interior channel <NUM> has a channel terminus <NUM> that is radially-spaced apart from and extends radially inward from the exterior surface <NUM> toward the inner substrate surface <NUM>. Further, each interior channel <NUM> has a channel depth <NUM> and a channel width <NUM>. The channel terminus <NUM> is radially-spaced apart from the exterior surface <NUM> by the channel depth <NUM>. Each channel <NUM> further comprises a first boundary <NUM> and a second boundary <NUM>, such that the channel width <NUM> is disposed between the first boundary <NUM> and the second boundary <NUM>. Each of the first boundary <NUM> and the second boundary <NUM> of the respective channel <NUM> border respective plateau sections <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, the interior channels <NUM> are formed in the cover <NUM> and extend radially inward from the exterior surface <NUM> toward the interior <NUM>. The intermediate structure <NUM> is positioned between the outer substrate layer <NUM> and the interior bladder <NUM>. The outer substrate layer <NUM> may be bonded to the intermediate structure <NUM> at the respective interior channel <NUM>. More particularly, the outer substrate layer <NUM> may be welded directly to the second intermediate cover layer <NUM> at the channel terminus <NUM> of the respective interior channel <NUM> (<FIG>and <FIG>), such that the outer substrate layer <NUM> extends through an entirety of the channel depth <NUM> at each of the interior channels <NUM>.

The interior channels <NUM> may include a first portion <NUM> and a second portion <NUM>. The first portion <NUM> has the terminus <NUM> thereon that is radially-spaced apart from the exterior surface <NUM> by the channel depth <NUM>.

The specific configuration of the interior channels <NUM> may vary considerably. Referring to <FIG>, the first portion <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> may have a generally rounded configuration. As depicted in <FIG> the first and second portions <NUM> and <NUM> extend to an approximate midpoint of the thickness <NUM> of the panel cross-section. In another configuration, as depicted in <FIG>, the first portion <NUM> extends through more of the thickness <NUM> of panel cross section than the second portion <NUM>. In yet another configuration, as depicted in <FIG>, the first portion <NUM> extends through substantially all of the thickness <NUM> of panel cross-section. As also shown in <FIG>, in some embodiments, the second intermediate layer <NUM> may have a substantially planar configuration opposite the first portion <NUM>. Said another way, in some embodiments, the interior channel <NUM> may have only a first portion <NUM> and no second portion <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, the first and second portions <NUM> and <NUM>, as well as the outer substrate layer <NUM> and the second intermediate cover layer <NUM>, may be spaced from each other, such that a portion of the first intermediate layer <NUM> extends between portions <NUM>, <NUM> and between the outer substrate layer <NUM> and the second intermediate cover layer <NUM>. In this configuration, the outer substrate layer <NUM> is bonded to the first intermediate layer <NUM> at the respective interior channel <NUM>. In such an example, the first intermediate layer <NUM> has a first thickness <NUM> between portions <NUM>, <NUM> and at the terminus <NUM> of the first portion <NUM>. In the same example, the first intermediate layer <NUM> has a second thickness <NUM> between the outer substrate layer <NUM> and the second intermediate cover layer <NUM> in an area spaced apart from portions <NUM>, <NUM> and the terminus <NUM> of the first portion <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, the first thickness <NUM> is less than the second thickness <NUM>.

Alternatively, the interior channels <NUM> may include a first portion <NUM> and a second portion <NUM> that exhibit substantially squared configurations (<FIG>). For example, in some embodiments, the portions <NUM>, <NUM> may have substantially squared cross-sectional configurations. Interior channels <NUM> with substantially squared cross-sectional configurations may have a more distinct appearance than portions <NUM>, <NUM> having substantially rounded cross-sectional configurations. In addition, interior channels <NUM> with substantially squared portions <NUM>, <NUM> may also provide performance benefits such as aerodynamics, ball feel, and water channeling.

As shown in <FIG>, the first portion <NUM> and second portion <NUM> are two opposing indentations having substantially squared cross-sectional configurations. In <FIG>, the indentations <NUM>, <NUM> extend to an approximate midpoint of the thickness <NUM> of the panel cross-section, such that the channel terminus <NUM> of the first portion <NUM> is positioned radially inward from the exterior surface <NUM> to the approximate midpoint of the thickness <NUM> of the panel cross-section.

In <FIG>, the first portion <NUM> may extend through substantially the entirety of the thickness <NUM> of the panel cross section. As also shown in <FIG>, in some embodiments, second intermediate layer <NUM> may have a substantially planar configuration opposite the first portion <NUM>. Said another way, in some embodiments, the debossed feature <NUM> may have only a first portion <NUM> and no second portion <NUM>.

As shown in <FIG>, in one example embodiment, the interior channel <NUM> may include substantially-squared first portion <NUM> having a rounded shoulder portion <NUM>. In some embodiments, a substantially-squared shoulder portion <NUM> may have a minimal radius, as shown in <FIG>. In another example embodiment, a rounded shoulder portion <NUM> having a larger radius may be used, as shown in <FIG>.

In one example, as shown in <FIG>, the channel depth <NUM> may be greater than <NUM> millimeters and the channel width <NUM> may be greater than <NUM> millimeters. More particularly, the channel depth <NUM> may be from about <NUM> millimeters to about <NUM> millimeters and the channel width <NUM> may be from about <NUM> millimeters to about <NUM> millimeters. In another example, as shown in <FIG>, the channel depth <NUM> is greater than <NUM> millimeters and the channel width <NUM> may be greater than <NUM> millimeters. More particularly, the channel depth <NUM> may be from about <NUM> millimeters to about <NUM> millimeters and the channel width <NUM> may be from about <NUM> millimeters to about <NUM> millimeters.

In the example illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the channel width <NUM> may vary along the channel length <NUM>. As such, in the example illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the channel width <NUM> may be defined as a first channel width 61a measured at a first measurement point and the channel width <NUM> may be further defined as a second channel width 61b measured at a second measurement point. In some examples, the first channel width 61a is greater than the second channel width 61b.

Accordingly, in such examples, as illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, each interior channel <NUM> may have a maximum channel aspect ratio and a minimum channel aspect ratio. The maximum channel aspect ratio may be defined as the ratio of the maximum channel width 61a (<FIG> and <FIG>) to the channel depth <NUM> measured at the first measurement point. Each interior channel <NUM> may further have a channel minimum aspect ratio. The channel minimum aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of the second channel width 61b to the channel depth <NUM> measured at the second measurement point. The channel maximum aspect ratio may be greater than the channel minimum aspect ratio. The channel maximum aspect ratio may be greater than the seam aspect ratio. The channel minimum aspect ratio may also be greater than the seam aspect ratio.

Further, each interior channel <NUM> may have a channel length <NUM>. In the examples shown in <FIG>, the channel length <NUM> of each interior channel <NUM> may be from about <NUM> centimeters to about <NUM> centimeters. In one example, as shown in <FIG>, the channel length <NUM> of each interior channel <NUM> may be from about <NUM> centimeters to about <NUM> centimeters. In another example, as shown in <FIG>, the channel length <NUM> of each interior channel <NUM> may be from about <NUM> centimeters to about <NUM> centimeters.

The plurality of interior channels <NUM> may further define a second aggregate deboss length. The second aggregate deboss length is defined as a sum of all of the channel lengths <NUM>. In some example embodiments, the second aggregate deboss length may be greater than <NUM> centimeters. More particularly, the second aggregate deboss length may be from about <NUM> centimeters to about <NUM> centimeters. Even more particularly, the second aggregate deboss length shown in the example illustrated in <FIG> may be from about <NUM> centimeters to about <NUM> centimeters, and the second aggregate deboss length shown in the example illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG> may be form about <NUM> centimeters to about <NUM> centimeters.

The sports ball <NUM> may further have an aggregate feature length, which is defined as the sum of the indentation lengths <NUM>, <NUM>, namely, the sum of the first aggregate deboss length (total sum of all seam lengths <NUM>) and the second aggregate deboss length (total sum of all interior channel <NUM> lengths <NUM>). In example embodiments, the aggregate feature length may be greater than <NUM> centimeters. In a non-limiting example, as illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the aggregate feature length is from about <NUM> centimeters to about <NUM> centimeters, wherein the plurality of indentations <NUM>, <NUM> cover or define approximately <NUM>% to <NUM> % of the exterior surface <NUM> of the cover <NUM>. In another non-limiting example, as illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the aggregate feature length is from about <NUM> centimeters to about <NUM> centimeters, wherein the plurality of indentations <NUM>, <NUM> to cover or define approximately <NUM>% to <NUM>% of the exterior surface <NUM> of the cover <NUM>.

As evaluated via qualitative assessment based on visual observations, sports balls <NUM> having increased aggregate feature lengths, particularly those have aggregate feature lengths greater than <NUM> centimeters, have been found to provide aerodynamic consistency characteristics that are improved from conventional designs. Increased aggregate feature length and increased surface coverage of the exterior surface <NUM> by the indentations <NUM>, <NUM> creates positive flight characteristics (consistency and length of trajectory) and enhances the aerodynamics of ball <NUM>, i.e., reducing aerodynamic drag on the ball for better accuracy, consistency, and increased velocity.

When an example sports ball <NUM> maintains an aggregate feature length of greater than <NUM> centimeters and has <NUM>% - <NUM>% of the exterior surface <NUM> occupied by the indentations <NUM>, <NUM>, it is more likely that the boundary layer of air surrounding the sports ball <NUM> in flight will undergo the transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow at a predetermined point. This forced alteration of the flow of air around the ball <NUM>, e.g., tripping the boundary layer from laminar flow to turbulent flow at a predetermined point on the ball <NUM>, increases lift on the ball <NUM> and promotes stability and consistency of the ball <NUM> in flight, which thereby reduces the likelihood of, for example, unwanted dip of the ball <NUM> during a driven shot on goal and/or unwanted wobble during flight.

However, if aggregate feature length and the percentage of surface coverage occupied by the indentations <NUM>, <NUM> are increased beyond a critical point, such that the indentations <NUM>, <NUM> do not maintain enough predefined distance <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> therebetween (<FIG>), softness and ball feel characteristics may be diminished. As such, it is desirable to arrange the indentations <NUM>, <NUM> on the exterior surface <NUM> in a topographical arrangement <NUM> to balance increased aggregate feature length and surface coverage of the exterior surface <NUM> by the indentations <NUM>, <NUM> to enhance consistency and the aerodynamic properties of the ball <NUM> without sacrificing softness and ball feel characteristics.

Accordingly, each of the interior channels <NUM> is non-contiguous with and spaced apart from each of the other interior channels <NUM> by a first predefined distance <NUM>, <NUM> and each of the plurality of interior channels <NUM> is non-contiguous with and spaced apart from each of the plurality of peripheral seams by at least a second predefined distance <NUM>. Acceptable predefined distances <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> between channels <NUM>, <NUM> to maintain desired softness and ball feel characteristics, i.e., Shore A hardness values softer than 59A, shall be greater than <NUM> millimeters between two interior channels <NUM> (distances <NUM>, <NUM>) and greater than <NUM> millimeters between an interior channel and a peripheral seam <NUM> (distance <NUM>). In one non-limiting example, illustrated in <FIG>, acceptable predefined distances <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> between channels <NUM>, <NUM> may range from about <NUM> millimeters to about <NUM> millimeters. The predefined distances <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> are discussed in more detail herein below. The smaller the predefined distance <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> between two respective indentations <NUM>, <NUM> the harder the ball surface at the respective measurement point.

The plurality of plateau sections <NUM>, the plurality of peripheral seams <NUM>, and the plurality of interior channels <NUM> cooperate to define topographical arrangement <NUM> across a majority of the exterior surface <NUM> of the cover <NUM>. Further, in the example configurations shown in <FIG>, the orientation of the peripheral seams <NUM> and the interior channels <NUM> promotes a balanced and substantially symmetrical design across the exterior surface <NUM> ball <NUM>.

The balanced topographical designs <NUM>, as shown by example in <FIG>, avoids uneven lift of the ball <NUM> and improves consistency of the ball <NUM> when kicked in any orientation. As such, a balanced topographical design <NUM>, such as those shown in <FIG>, allows the ball <NUM> to fly or travel the substantially the same regardless of the orientation of the ball <NUM> when kicked. Ball <NUM> consistency is one property that is often commented on by players. The most consistent balls are the ones with the optimum combination of amplitude and frequency of the varying force coefficients relative to the amount of spin. As such, the tailoring of the topographical design <NUM> on the ball <NUM> may allow for optimization of consistency and improved aerodynamics.

Further referring to <FIG>, the topographical design <NUM> may be composed of predefined panel arrangements <NUM>, <NUM>. Each predefined panel arrangement <NUM>, <NUM> may be comprised of a plurality of sub-panel arrangements <NUM>.

In an example twelve panel ball <NUM>, the topographical design <NUM> may be comprised of six pairs of predefined panel arrangements <NUM>, <NUM>. In this example, corresponding panel arrangements <NUM>, <NUM> would be disposed opposite one another on the ball <NUM>, when the respective panels <NUM> are coupled at the peripheral seams <NUM>. In an example four panel ball <NUM>, wherein each panel <NUM> is essentially comprised of three conventional pentagon-shaped panels of a conventional twelve panel ball <NUM>, each of the four panels <NUM> contains a plurality of sub-panel arrangements <NUM> positioned in a specified orientation on three respective panel sections <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>.

More particularly, referring to <FIG> the ball <NUM> is composed of four panels <NUM>. The sub-panel arrangement <NUM> is disposed in a first orientation on a first panel section <NUM>. The sub-panel arrangement <NUM> is then rotated approximately <NUM> degrees in a specified rotational direction R from the first orientation to a second orientation and disposed on the second panel section <NUM> in the second orientation. The sub-panel arrangement <NUM> may then be rotated again approximately an additional <NUM> degrees in a specified rotational direction R from the second orientation to a third orientation, and disposed upon a third panel section <NUM> in the third orientation.

In the four-panel ball <NUM> examples of <FIG> the panels <NUM> may be coupled, such that the orientation of the peripheral seams <NUM> and interior channels <NUM> promotes a balanced design across the exterior surface <NUM> ball <NUM>. Said another way, the design is both balanced and symmetrical in that each panel <NUM> defines substantially the same number of plateau section <NUM>, peripheral seams <NUM>, and interior channels <NUM> as each of the other panels <NUM>. Moreover, each peripheral seam <NUM> present on one portion of the ball <NUM> has a corresponding opposite peripheral seam <NUM> disposed opposite thereof on the exterior surface <NUM> of the ball. Likewise, each interior channel <NUM> present on one portion of the ball <NUM> has a corresponding opposite debossed feature <NUM> disposed opposite thereof of the ball <NUM> (<FIG>).

More particularly, in this way, the inflatable sports ball <NUM> has an interior center C and the interior center C is positioned on a central axis A, as shown in <FIG>. As shown in <FIG>, the plurality of interior channels <NUM> may further comprise a first interior channel 34a and a second interior channel 34b. The first interior channel 34a is at least partially disposed on the central axis A and the second interior channel 34b is likewise at least partially disposed on the central axis A, such that the first interior channel 34a is positioned directly opposite the second interior channel 34b upon the exterior surface <NUM> of the ball <NUM>. The first interior channel 34a may be of a predefined shape and the second interior channel 34b may be of the same predefined shape, such that the second interior channel 34b is substantially similar to or even identical to the first interior channel 34a.

With reference to the example configurations of topographic designs <NUM> shown in <FIG>, each of the plurality of interior channels <NUM> may be provided within a central region of one or more of the panels <NUM>. The interior channels <NUM> further divide the exterior surface into a plurality of open polygonal portions <NUM>, such that each interior channel comprises at least a portion of at least one side of at least one of the open polygonal portions. The plurality of plateaus sections <NUM> may be disposed between the interior channels <NUM>.

By way example, in <FIG>, open pentagons are shown. In this way, each of the open polygonal portions <NUM>, if closed, would have a total of five or more sides, i.e., be defined by five or more interior channels <NUM>. As such, in the example configurations of <FIG>, each open polygonal portion <NUM> is an open polygon rather than a closed polygon. As such, each open polygonal portion <NUM> is missing at least a portion of at least one side.

As shown by example in <FIG>, the topographical design <NUM> may be composed of a plurality of predefined panel arrangements, wherein a predefined panel arrangement <NUM> is defined as the orientation of the plateau sections <NUM> and the interior channels <NUM> on each of the respective panels <NUM>. Each predefined panel arrangement <NUM> may be comprised of a plurality of sub-panel arrangements <NUM>. In the examples shown in <FIG>, the topographical design <NUM> is composed of a plurality of panels <NUM>, namely, four panels, each having the same predefined panel arrangement <NUM>. The predefined panel arrangement <NUM> is composed of three substantially similar sub-panel arrangements <NUM> as detailed herein above.

In the non-limiting example illustrated in <FIG>, the open polygonal portions <NUM> may be arranged in a concentric arrangement. In such an example configuration, the plurality of open polygonal portions <NUM> comprises at least a first open polygonal portion <NUM> comprising of a first plurality of interior channels <NUM> and a second open polygonal portion <NUM> comprising a second plurality of interior channels <NUM>. Each of the interior channels <NUM> of the first plurality of interior channels <NUM> is non-contiguous with and spaced apart from each of the other interior channels <NUM> of the first plurality of interior channels <NUM>, by the predetermined distance <NUM>. Each of the interior channels <NUM> of the second plurality of interior channels <NUM> is non-contiguous with and spaced apart from each of the other interior channels <NUM> of the second plurality of interior channels <NUM> by the predetermined distance <NUM>. Further, each of the interior channels <NUM> of the second plurality of interior channels <NUM> is non-contiguous with and spaced apart from each of the interior channels <NUM> of the first plurality of interior channels <NUM> by the predefined distance <NUM>. Each of the interior channels <NUM> is non-contiguous with and spaced apart from each of the peripheral seams <NUM> by the predefined distance <NUM>. The predetermined distance <NUM> may be greater than <NUM> millimeters. The predetermined distance <NUM> may be from about <NUM> millimeters to about <NUM> millimeters. The predetermined distance <NUM> may be from about <NUM> millimeters to about <NUM> millimeters.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the topographical design <NUM> may be composed of a plurality of predefined panel arrangements, wherein a predefined panel arrangement <NUM> is defined as the orientation of the plateau sections <NUM> and the interior channels <NUM> on each of the respective panels <NUM>. Each predefined panel arrangement <NUM> may be comprised of a plurality of sub-panel arrangements <NUM>. In the non-limiting examples illustrated in <FIG>, the topographical design <NUM> is composed of a plurality of panels <NUM>, namely, four panels, each having the same predefined panel arrangement <NUM>. The predefined panel arrangement <NUM> is composed of three substantially similar sub-panel arrangements <NUM>.

As illustrated in <FIG>, each sub-panel arrangement <NUM> may include interior channels <NUM> and the open polygonal portions <NUM> divided into a first channel grouping <NUM> and a second channel grouping <NUM>. Each channel <NUM> within the first channel grouping <NUM> comprises a chevron element <NUM> and further comprises a pair of opposing extension portions <NUM>, <NUM>, namely, a first extension portion <NUM> and a second extension portion <NUM>. Each chevron element <NUM> includes a first section <NUM> and a second section <NUM>, each disposed between the respective first boundary <NUM> and second boundary <NUM>. The first section <NUM> has a first section central end <NUM> and a first section distal end <NUM>. The second section <NUM> has a second section central end <NUM> and a second section distal end <NUM>. The first section central end <NUM> is connected to the second section central end <NUM> at a chevron angle <NUM>. The chevron angle <NUM> is greater than <NUM> degrees and less than <NUM> degrees. Accordingly, the first section <NUM> is obliquely angled with respect to the second section <NUM>.

The first extension portion <NUM> is joined to the first section <NUM> at the first section distal end <NUM> and extends toward the panel limit <NUM>. The first extension portion <NUM> is obliquely angled with respect to the first section <NUM>, and forms a first extension angle <NUM> with the first section <NUM>. The first extension angle <NUM> is less than <NUM> degrees. The second extension portion <NUM> is joined to the second section <NUM> at the second section distal end <NUM> and extends toward to the panel limit <NUM>. The second extension portion <NUM> is obliquely angled with respect to the second section <NUM>, and forms a second extension angle <NUM> with the second section <NUM>. The second extension angle <NUM> is less than <NUM> degrees. The second extension angle <NUM> is substantially similar to the first extension angle <NUM>, such that a measure of the first extension angle <NUM> is equal to a measure of the second extension angle <NUM>.

Each of the interior channels <NUM> within the second channel grouping <NUM> comprises a chevron element <NUM>. The chevron elements <NUM> of the interior channels <NUM> within the second channel grouping <NUM> are disposed between and oriented transverse to each of the first extension portions <NUM> and second extension portions <NUM> of the respective interior channels <NUM> of the first channel grouping <NUM>. The transverse orientation of the chevron elements <NUM> of the interior channels <NUM> within the second channel grouping <NUM> with respect to each of the first extension portions <NUM> and second extension portions <NUM> of the respective interior channels <NUM> of the first channel grouping <NUM> promotes uniform consistency of the overall topographical arrangement <NUM> of the interior channels <NUM>, seams <NUM>, and the plateau sections <NUM> across a majority of the exterior surface <NUM> of the cover <NUM>.

The chevron elements <NUM> of the first channel grouping <NUM> are closer to the panel center <NUM> than the chevron elements <NUM> of the second channel grouping <NUM> are to the panel center <NUM>. Accordingly, the chevron elements <NUM> of the second channel grouping <NUM> are closer to the panel limit <NUM> than the chevron elements <NUM> of the first channel grouping <NUM> are to the panel limit <NUM>.

As such, each respective sub-panel arrangement <NUM> comprises an alternating and repeating series of plateau sections <NUM> and chevron elements <NUM> extending between the panel center <NUM> and the panel limit <NUM>. The respective sub-panel arrangements <NUM> may comprise from about eight plateau sections <NUM> and seven corresponding chevron elements <NUM> to about eleven plateau sections <NUM> and ten corresponding chevron elements <NUM>. In the example shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, the respective sub-panel arrangements <NUM> comprise an alternating and repeating series of eight plateau sections <NUM> and seven chevron elements <NUM>.

As shown by example in <FIG> and <FIG>, in this way, each respective sub-panel arrangement <NUM> includes a first interior channel <NUM> having a first chevron element 91a, the first chevron element having a first chevron angle 100a. Further the first interior channel <NUM> is part of the first channel grouping <NUM> and has a first interior channel first extension portion 106a and a first interior channel second extension portion 108a. The first interior channel first extension portion 106a and the first interior channel second extension portion 108a are joined to the first section distal end <NUM> and the second section distal end <NUM> of the respective chevron element 91a and extend toward the panel limit <NUM>. The first chevron element 91a of the first interior channel <NUM> is proximate to the panel center <NUM>, namely closer to the panel center <NUM> than the panel limit <NUM>.

Each of respective sub-panel arrangement <NUM>, as illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, may further include at least a second interior channel <NUM>. The second interior channel <NUM> comprising a second chevron element 91b having a second chevron angle 100b. The second chevron element 91b is disposed between and oriented transverse to each of the first channel extension portions 106a, 108a of the first channel <NUM>. The second chevron element 91b is further disposed proximate to the panel limit <NUM>, namely closer to the panel limit <NUM> than the panel center <NUM>.

While the chevron angle <NUM> is always greater than <NUM> degrees and less than <NUM> degrees, the chevron angle <NUM> gets larger or more obtuse as the chevron elements <NUM> move from the panel center <NUM> to the panel limit <NUM>. As such, the first chevron angle 100a is more acute that the second chevron angle 100b. Said another way, the first chevron angle 100a is smaller than the second chevron angle 100b.

Each of the interior channels <NUM> of the first channel grouping <NUM> is non-contiguous with and spaced apart from each of the other interior channels <NUM> of the first channel grouping by the predetermined distance <NUM>. Each of the interior channels <NUM> of the second channel grouping <NUM> is non-contiguous with and spaced apart from each of the other interior channels <NUM> of the second channel grouping by the predetermined distance <NUM>. Further, each of the interior channels <NUM> of the second channel grouping <NUM> is non-contiguous with and spaced apart from each of the interior channels <NUM> of the first channel grouping <NUM> by the predefined distance <NUM>. Each of the interior channels <NUM> is non-contiguous with and spaced apart from each of the peripheral seams <NUM> by the predefined distance <NUM>. The predetermined distance <NUM> is greater than <NUM> millimeters. The predetermined distance <NUM> is from about <NUM> millimeters to about <NUM> millimeters. The predetermined distance <NUM> is from about <NUM> millimeters to about <NUM> millimeters.

Claim 1:
An inflatable sports ball (<NUM>) comprising:
an interior bladder (<NUM>);
a cover (<NUM>) disposed about the interior bladder (<NUM>), the cover (<NUM>) comprising a plurality of adjoining panels (<NUM>) and defining:
a plurality of peripheral seams (<NUM>) disposed between adjoining ones of the plurality of adjoining panels (<NUM>) and each peripheral seam (<NUM>) having a seam length (<NUM>), wherein the peripheral seams (<NUM>) have a first aggregate deboss length from about <NUM> centimeters to about <NUM> centimeters;
an exterior surface (<NUM>);
a plurality of interior channels (<NUM>) extending radially inward from the exterior surface (<NUM>) of the cover (<NUM>) and having a deboss length, each interior channel (<NUM>) defining a debossed feature provided within a central region of one or more of the plurality of panels (<NUM>), such that each of the interior channels (<NUM>) is non-contiguous with and spaced apart from each of the other interior channels (<NUM>) by a first pre-defined distance and each of the interior channels (<NUM>) is non-contiguous with and spaced apart from each of the plurality of peripheral seams (<NUM>) by at least a second pre-defined distance, wherein the interior channels (<NUM>) have a second aggregate deboss length greater than <NUM> centimeters; and
wherein the cover (<NUM>) has an aggregate feature length comprising the sum of the first aggregate deboss length and the second aggregate deboss length, the aggregate feature length is from about <NUM> centimeters to about <NUM> centimeters.