Patent Description:
A wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of base stations or access network nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as UEs.

In some wireless communications systems, such as distributed wireless networks, wireless devices (e.g., UEs) that communicate with each other may support various radio frequency and/or baseband capabilities. That is, in some distributed wireless networks, UEs within the network may operate over different transmission and/or reception frequencies, and may support different block decoding schemes. In some cases, a transmitting UE and a receiving UE may have different capabilities. For example, a UE may transmit over a frequency not monitored by a UE intended for reception (e.g., if the UE intended for reception does not support reception over the frequency). Additionally or alternatively, a UE may transmit using a block coding scheme not supported by a UE intended for reception. Such scenarios may result in decreased system performance (e.g., due to reception failures) and, in some cases, inefficient resource utilization (e.g., due to retransmissions, additional transmissions over other frequencies not supported by the intended UE, etc.). Improved techniques for UE capability discovery in distributed wireless networks may thus be desired.

<CIT> relates to a method for transmitting data using a two-phase cooperation that includes a first sharing phase and a second cooperative phase. The method is performed by a first WTRU. The method includes receiving, by the first WTRU from an eNB, cooperative set configuration information including a cooperative set identification. In the sharing phase, the first WTRU receives from the eNB, a resource assignment for a first data transmission. During the sharing phase, the first data transmission may be transmitted using resources indicated in the received resource assignment.

<CIT> relates to a method of performing hand-over in a personal basic service set (PBSS) including a plurality of stations and one coordinator. An association request frame comprising PCP capability information, and requesting to associate to the PBSS, is received from each of the stations. The PCP capability information comprises information regarding at least one of whether each of the stations supports a power source capability of continuous power supply, whether each of the stations supports a channel time allocation function, and whether each of the stations supports a network clustering function.

In some distributed wireless networks, wireless devices (e.g., UEs) within the network may operate over different transmission and/or reception frequencies, and may support different block decoding schemes. In some cases, a UE may transmit over a frequency not monitored by a UE intended for reception (e.g., if the UE intended for reception does not support reception over the frequency). Additionally or alternatively, a UE may transmit using a block coding scheme not supported by a UE intended for reception. Such scenarios may result in decreased system performance (e.g., due to reception failures) and, in some cases, inefficient resource utilization (e.g., due to retransmissions, additional transmissions over other frequencies not supported by the intended UE, etc.).

For example, UEs within a distributed wireless network may not be aware of each other's capabilities in terms of which frequencies are being used for transmission and reception by other UEs. UEs that select a single frequency for transmission may not be able to effectively communicate with UEs intended for reception that are monitoring other frequencies. UEs that transmit over multiple frequencies (e.g., over many or all frequencies supported for transmission) may transmit over a combination of frequencies that are and are not monitored, resulting in poor resource utilization. Alternatively, transmission over a single or default frequency may result in system latency due to transmission crowding on the frequency. In some cases, while mapping one V2X service to one frequency may be beneficial in a lightly loaded condition, such mapping may limit an ability to transmit Provider Service Identifiers (PSIDs) across two frequencies. Further, UEs within the distributed wireless network may support different block decoding capabilities, such that use of certain coding schemes for all transmissions may not be efficient.

As such, UEs within a distributed wireless network (e.g., advertising UEs) may indicate radio frequency (RF) and/or baseband capabilities (e.g., via transmission of a capabilities message from an advertising UE to a responding UE). An advertising UE may transmit one or more capabilities messages. The one or more capabilities messages may be indicative of RF capabilities and/or baseband capabilities of the advertising UE. A transmitting UE (e.g., a responding UE) may receive the one or more capabilities messages and identify RF capabilities and/or baseband capabilities of the advertising UEs. The responding UE may then determine a transmission scheduling policy based on the one or more received capabilities messages. For example, the responding UE may generate a combined list of frequencies based on the one or more received capabilities messages, and distribute transmissions over the list of frequencies (e.g., broadcast transmissions based on the list of frequencies). Additionally or alternatively, the responding UE may determine block decoding baseband capabilities of the one or more advertising UEs, and may accordingly enable block coding schemes for transmissions on frequencies supported by the advertising UEs with such block decoding baseband capabilities. Therefore, a transmitting UE (e.g., a responding UE) may optimize transmission scheduling to various other UEs (e.g., associated with different RF and/or baseband capabilities) within a distributed wireless network. Implementation of such techniques may result in more efficient resource utilization and increased system performance (e.g., due to more efficient block coding scheme utilization, etc.).

Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of a wireless communications system. Examples of distributed wireless networks and process flows implementing discussed UE capability discovery techniques are then described. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to techniques for UE capability discovery in distributed wireless networks.

<FIG> illustrates an example of a wireless communications system <NUM> in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system <NUM> includes base stations <NUM> (e.g., new generation NodeBs, gNodeBs (gNBs) <NUM>-a, and/or radio heads (RHs) <NUM>-c), UEs <NUM>, and a core network <NUM>. In some examples, the wireless communications system <NUM> may be an LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, or a NR network. In some cases, wireless communications system <NUM> may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (i.e., mission critical) communications, low latency communications, and communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices.

Each base station <NUM> may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area <NUM>. Control information and data may be multiplexed on an uplink channel or downlink according to various techniques. Control information and data may be multiplexed on a downlink channel, for example, using time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. In some examples, the control information transmitted during a transmission time interval (TTI) of a downlink channel may be distributed between different control regions in a cascaded manner (e.g., between a common control region and one or more UE-specific control regions).

A UE <NUM> may also be referred to as a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. A UE <NUM> may also be a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a personal electronic device, a handheld device, a personal computer, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, a machine type communication (MTC) device, an appliance, an automobile, or the like.

In some cases, an MTC device may operate using half-duplex (one-way) communications at a reduced peak rate. MTC devices may also be configured to enter a power saving "deep sleep" mode when not engaging in active communications. In some cases, MTC or IoT devices may be designed to support mission critical functions and wireless communications system may be configured to provide ultra-reliable communications for these functions.

At least some of the network devices, such as base station <NUM>-a may include subcomponents such as an access network entity <NUM>-b, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). Each access network entity <NUM>-b may communicate with a number of UEs <NUM> through a number of other access network transmission entities <NUM>-c, each of which may be an example of a smart radio head, or a transmission/reception point (TRP).

UEs <NUM> may include a communications manager <NUM>, which may execute techniques for UE capability discovery in distributed wireless networks (e.g., wireless communications system <NUM>). The UE capability discovery techniques may include advertising of RF and/or baseband capabilities via one or more capabilities messages. Techniques may also include determining transmission scheduling policies based on received capabilities messages. As discussed herein, communications manager <NUM> may implement such techniques. For example, communications manager <NUM>, when included in an advertising UE <NUM>, may generate capabilities messages for advertisement by the UE <NUM>. Additionally or alternatively, communications manager <NUM> may, when included in a responding UE <NUM>, determine a transmission scheduling policy based on any capabilities messages received by the UE <NUM> (e.g., from other UEs <NUM> within range). For example, communication manager <NUM> may determine the transmission scheduling policy based on either a combined list of frequencies on which a plurality of second wireless devices are configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network or a combined list of baseband capabilities of the plurality of second wireless devices in the distributed wireless network. In some examples, communication manager <NUM> may determine the transmission scheduling policy based on both the combined list of frequencies on which the plurality of second wireless devices are configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network and the combined list of baseband capabilities of the plurality of second wireless devices in the distributed wireless network.

Wireless communications system <NUM> may operate in an ultra-high frequency (UHF) region using frequency bands from <NUM> to <NUM> (<NUM>), although some networks (e.g., a wireless local area network (WLAN)) may use frequencies as high as <NUM>. This region may also be known as the decimeter band, since the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may propagate mainly by line of sight, and may be blocked by buildings and environmental features. However, the waves may penetrate walls sufficiently to provide service to UEs <NUM> located indoors. Transmission of UHF waves is characterized by smaller antennas and shorter range (e.g., less than <NUM>) compared to transmission using the smaller frequencies (and longer waves) of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum. In some cases, wireless communications system <NUM> may also utilize extremely high frequency (EHF) portions of the spectrum (e.g., from <NUM> to <NUM>). This region may also be known as the millimeter band, since the wavelengths range from approximately one millimeter to one centimeter in length. Thus, EHF antennas may be even smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some cases, this may facilitate use of antenna arrays within a UE <NUM> (e.g., for directional beamforming). However, EHF transmissions may be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than UHF transmissions.

Thus, wireless communications system <NUM> may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between UEs <NUM> and base stations <NUM>. Devices operating in mmW or EHF bands may have multiple antennas to allow beamforming. That is, a base station <NUM> may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE <NUM>. Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering or directional transmission) is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitter (e.g., a base station <NUM>) to shape and/or steer an overall antenna beam in the direction of a target receiver (e.g., a UE <NUM>). This may be achieved by combining elements in an antenna array in such a way that transmitted signals at particular angles experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference.

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems use a transmission scheme between a transmitter (e.g., a base station <NUM>) and a receiver (e.g., a UE <NUM>), where both transmitter and receiver are equipped with multiple antennas. Some portions of wireless communications system <NUM> may use beamforming. For example, base station <NUM> may have an antenna array with a number of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station <NUM> may use for beamforming in its communication with UE <NUM>. Signals may be transmitted multiple times in different directions (e.g., each transmission may be beamformed differently). A mmW receiver (e.g., a UE <NUM>) may try multiple beams (e.g., antenna subarrays) while receiving the synchronization signals.

In some cases, the antennas of a base station <NUM> or a UE <NUM> may be located within one or more antenna arrays, which may support beamforming or MIMO operation. One or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be collocated at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. A base station <NUM> may multiple use antennas or antenna arrays to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE <NUM>.

In some cases, wireless communications system <NUM> may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. The MAC layer may also use Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) to provide retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE <NUM> and a network device <NUM>-c, network device <NUM>-b, or core network <NUM> supporting radio bearers for user plane data.

Time intervals in LTE or NR may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit (which may be a sampling period of Ts = <NUM>/<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM> seconds). Time resources may be organized according to radio frames of length of <NUM> (Tf = 307200Ts), which may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) ranging from <NUM> to <NUM>. Each frame may include ten <NUM> subframes numbered from <NUM> to <NUM>. A subframe may be further divided into two. <NUM> slots, each of which contains <NUM> or <NUM> modulation symbol periods (depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol). Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol contains <NUM> sample periods. In some cases, the subframe may be the smallest scheduling unit, also known as a TTI. In other cases, a TTI may be shorter than a subframe or may be dynamically selected (e.g., in short TTI bursts or in selected component carriers using short TTIs).

A resource element may consist of one symbol period and one subcarrier (e.g., a <NUM> frequency range). A resource block may contain <NUM> consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and, for a normal cyclic prefix in each orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, <NUM> consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain (<NUM> slot), or <NUM> resource elements. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (the configuration of symbols that may be selected during each symbol period). Thus, the more resource blocks that a UE <NUM> receives and the higher the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate may be.

Wireless communications system <NUM> may support operation on multiple cells or carriers, a feature which may be referred to as carrier aggregation (CA) or multi-carrier operation. A carrier may also be referred to as a component carrier (CC), a layer, a channel, etc. The terms "carrier," "component carrier," "cell," and "channel" may be used interchangeably herein. A UE <NUM> may be configured with multiple downlink CCs and one or more uplink CCs for carrier aggregation.

An eCC may be characterized by one or more features including: wider bandwidth, shorter symbol duration, shorter TTIs, and modified control channel configuration. An eCC may also be configured for use in unlicensed spectrum or shared spectrum (where more than one operator is allowed to use the spectrum). An eCC characterized by wide bandwidth may include one or more segments that may be utilized by UEs <NUM> that are not capable of monitoring the whole bandwidth or prefer to use a limited bandwidth (e.g., to conserve power).

A shorter symbol duration is associated with increased subcarrier spacing. A device, such as a UE <NUM> or a base station <NUM>, utilizing eCCs may transmit wideband signals (e.g., <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, etc.) at reduced symbol durations (e.g., <NUM> microseconds). A TTI in eCC may consist of one or multiple symbols. In some cases, the TTI duration (that is, the number of symbols in a TTI) may be variable.

A shared radio frequency spectrum band may be utilized in an NR shared spectrum system. For example, an NR shared spectrum may utilize any combination of licensed, shared, and unlicensed spectrums, among others. The flexibility of eCC symbol duration and subcarrier spacing may allow for the use of eCC across multiple spectrums. In some examples, NR shared spectrum may increase spectrum utilization and spectral efficiency, specifically through dynamic vertical (e.g., across frequency) and horizontal (e.g., across time) sharing of resources.

For example, wireless communications system <NUM> may employ LTE License Assisted Access (LTE-LAA) or LTE Unlicensed (LTE U) radio access technology or NR technology in an unlicensed band such as the <NUM> Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. When operating in unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands, wireless devices such as base stations <NUM> and UEs <NUM> may employ listen-before-talk (LBT) procedures to ensure the channel is clear before transmitting data. In some cases, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a CA configuration in conjunction with CCs operating in a licensed band. Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, or both. Duplexing in unlicensed spectrum may be based on FDD, TDD, or a combination of both.

<FIG> illustrates an example of a distributed wireless network <NUM> that supports techniques for UE capability discovery in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, distributed wireless network <NUM> may implement aspects of wireless communications system <NUM>. Distributed wireless network <NUM> may include UE <NUM>-a, UE <NUM>-b, UE <NUM>-c, and UE <NUM>-d which may be examples of the UEs <NUM> described with reference to <FIG>. The UEs <NUM> of the distributed wireless network <NUM> may be associated with a number of different entities. According to techniques described herein, advertising UEs (e.g., UE <NUM>-b, UE <NUM>-c, and UE <NUM>-d) may transmit capability messages <NUM> and may receive broadcast messages <NUM> (e.g., from responding UE <NUM>-a), as discussed in more detail below. A UE <NUM> may act as an advertising UE and/or a responding UE. For example, an advertising UE <NUM> may refer to a UE that is advertising capability information (e.g., capabilities messages) and a responding UE <NUM> may refer to a UE that responds to a received capability message, or a UE that intends to transmit and takes previously received capability information into account (e.g., received from advertising UEs <NUM>).

For example, distributed wireless network <NUM> may include multiple advertising UEs (e.g., UE <NUM>-b, UE <NUM>-c, and UE <NUM>-d), which may advertise or communicate capabilities to a responding UE (e.g., UE <NUM>-a). Specifically, advertising UEs <NUM> within a distributed wireless network may indicate RF and/or baseband capabilities (e.g., via transmitting capabilities messages <NUM>). A responding UE <NUM>-a may receive one or more capabilities messages <NUM>, and identify RF capabilities (e.g., indicated via a bitmap in a capabilities message) and/or baseband capabilities of the advertising UEs. That is, UE <NUM>-a may discover the capabilities of all neighboring UEs <NUM> (e.g., UEs <NUM> within the coverage area <NUM>-a of UE <NUM>-a).

The responding UE <NUM>-a may then determine a transmission scheduling policy based on the one or more received capabilities messages <NUM>. For example, the responding UE <NUM>-a may generate a combined list of frequencies based on the content of capabilities message <NUM>-a, capabilities message <NUM>-b, etc., and distribute transmissions over the list of frequencies. Additionally or alternatively, the UE <NUM>-a may determine block decoding baseband capabilities of the one or more advertising UEs <NUM>, and may accordingly enable block coding schemes for transmissions on frequencies supported by the advertising UEs <NUM> with such block decoding baseband capabilities. For example, if UE <NUM>-c supports space time block code (STBC), UE <NUM>-a may determine a transmission scheduling policy such that STBC is enabled on frequency bands indicated by capabilities message <NUM>-b for transmission of broadcast message <NUM>-b.

UEs <NUM> within distributed wireless network <NUM> may support one or more frequencies for transmitting messages. UEs <NUM> within distributed wireless network <NUM> may also support one or more frequencies for receiving messages. Further, UEs <NUM> within distributed wireless network <NUM> may be able to simultaneously (e.g., at the same time or within a single transmission time interval) demodulate signals on one or more frequencies (e.g., receive messages simultaneously over one or more frequencies). UEs <NUM> may additionally have different block decoding baseband capabilities (e.g., support different block coding schemes). All such information may be conveyed via capabilities messages <NUM>.

In some cases, many or all of the UEs <NUM> within the range of UE <NUM>-a (e.g., within coverage area <NUM>-a) may be configured to listen to only a single frequency band. In such cases, UE <NUM>-a may distribute transmissions according to a bias or preference for the single frequency band. In other cases, UEs <NUM> within the range of UE <NUM>-a may be configured to listen to various different frequency bands. In such cases, UE <NUM>-a may identify a combined list of frequencies (e.g., based on individual lists of frequencies included in capabilities messages <NUM> associated with each of the advertising UEs <NUM>). In some cases, the combined list of frequencies may include a limited number of frequency bands supported by some threshold percentage (e.g., a majority) of the advertising UEs <NUM>, and UE <NUM>-a may distribute transmissions based at least in part on a bias for the limited number of frequency bands. That is, UE <NUM>-a may distribute transmissions (e.g., determine a transmission scheduling policy) based on a combined list of frequencies identified based on frequency information received via one or more capabilities messages <NUM> from advertising UEs <NUM> within range. The combined list of frequencies may include all frequencies indicated by the received capabilities messages <NUM>, or may include a select or limited number of frequencies (e.g., including frequencies that some percentage, a majority, or all UEs <NUM> are capable of for reception). For example, the combined list of frequencies may include common frequency bands indicated by all or the majority of received capabilities messages <NUM>. The combined list of frequencies may be used to uniformly distribute transmissions across (e.g., to reduce load on one or more particular frequency bands), or may be used to bias distribution of transmissions (e.g., the combined list of frequencies may be ordered according to some priority for distribution of transmissions). In some cases, the combined list of frequencies may further include information associated with which UEs <NUM> support which frequency bands on the list (e.g., which UEs <NUM> or how many UEs <NUM> support each frequency band on the combined list of frequencies).

Further, UE <NUM>-a identifies a combined list of baseband capabilities, that comprises a block coding scheme. The combined list of baseband capabilities may include all block coding schemes indicated by the received capabilities messages, or may include a select or limited number of block coding schemes (e.g., including block coding schemes that some percentage, a majority, or all UEs <NUM> are capable of decoding). The combined list of baseband capabilities may be used to enable block coding schemes for transmissions on certain frequency bands. That is, UE <NUM>-a may enable block coding schemes on frequency bands supported by UEs <NUM> that have indicated they support the block coding scheme. UE <NUM>-a may therefore use baseband capability information and RF capability information received via capabilities messages <NUM> from advertising UEs <NUM> within range to determine a transmission scheduling policy, which may detail a distribution of transmissions across one or more frequency bands as well as block coding schemes enabled on the one or more frequency bands.

As a single example, UE <NUM>-b and UE <NUM>-c may be within range of UE <NUM>-a. UE <NUM>-a may receive capabilities message <NUM>-a from UE <NUM>-b and capabilities message <NUM>-b from UE <NUM>-c. Capabilities message <NUM>-a may indicate UE <NUM>-b supports listening capabilities on Frequency Band A and Frequency Band C, and may further indicate UE <NUM>-b supports space frequency block code (SFBC). Capabilities message <NUM>-b from UE <NUM>-c may indicate UE <NUM>-c supports listening capabilities on Frequency Band C and Frequency Band D, and may further indicate UE <NUM>-c does not support SFBC. In such a scenario, UE <NUM>-a may identify, based on capabilities message <NUM>-a and capabilities message <NUM>-b, a combined list of frequencies and a combined list of baseband capabilities. In some cases, the combined list of frequencies may include Frequency Band A, Frequency Band C, and Frequency Band D, and UE <NUM>-a may determine a transmission scheduling policy that distributes transmissions over each of Frequency Band A, Frequency Band C, and Frequency Band D. In other cases, the combined list of frequencies may solely include Frequency Band C (e.g., as Frequency Band C is supported by both UE <NUM>-b and UE <NUM>-c), and UE <NUM>-a may determine a transmission scheduling policy that biases transmissions on Frequency Band C. Additionally or alternatively, UE <NUM>-a may determine a combined list of baseband capabilities, and may further enable SFBC on Frequency Band A (e.g., as Frequency Band C is also supported by UE <NUM>-c, which does not support SFBC). The above example is provided for illustrative purposed only, various other UEs <NUM> with any number of different capabilities may employ techniques described herein by analogy, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

In some cases, capabilities messages <NUM> may be advertised by UEs <NUM> via sidelink control information (SCI) messages (e.g., SCI <NUM> over the air (OTA) or other control data for V2X sidelink). As the size of the SCI increases, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of the message may also be increased when advertising capabilities messages <NUM>. In some cases, a bitmap of simultaneously supported frequencies in each band may be signaled for reception, and the list of frequencies (e.g., simultaneous or TDM) may be indicated for transmission. In some examples, the list of frequencies may indicate frequencies that the advertising UE <NUM> is currently listening on. In other cases, capabilities messages <NUM> may be advertised via a V2X message payload, as a part of a PDCP header extension, etc. In yet other cases, capabilities messages <NUM> may be conveyed via SCI with metadata advertised periodically (e.g., to allow UE <NUM> capability discovery). As such, capabilities messages <NUM> are explicitly signaled as a part of a communication protocol, and thus, are easily detectable by UEs <NUM> and allow for lower cost devices (e.g., devices that can process a limited number of messages). Further, capabilities messages <NUM> may include indications of whether or not capabilities advertised are static and/or dynamic.

As discussed, information conveyed via capabilities messages <NUM> may be used to determine or identify a scheduling policy for transmission of broadcast messages <NUM>. If all, or a majority, of UEs <NUM> within range of UE <NUM>-a are able to listen on a single frequency band (e.g., capable of listening to <NUM> evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Absolute radio-frequency channel number (EARFCN)), the responding UE <NUM>-a may bias transmissions on that EARFCN at a higher rate. Further, if all, or a majority, of UEs <NUM> within range of UE <NUM>-a are capable of using a limited number of EARFCNs, then the responding UE <NUM>-a may bias transmissions in descending order of most common EARFCN across the estimated set of recipients. Transmissions on alternate or other frequencies may thus be performed at a reduced rate. UE <NUM>-a may perform carrier aggregation (e.g., for broadcast messages <NUM>) on frequencies supported (e.g., actively being received by advertising UEs <NUM>), as indicated by capabilities messages <NUM> received by UE <NUM>-a. In some cases, UE <NUM>-a may designate the most common EARFCN as the primary frequency for communication (e.g., of broadcast messages <NUM>). In some cases, such carrier aggregation and primary frequency determinations may be referred to as determining the transmission scheduling policy. Capabilities messages <NUM> may also indicate baseband capabilities of advertising UEs <NUM> within range of UE <NUM>-a. For example, UEs <NUM> may indicate whether they support STBC/SFBC decoding capabilities via capabilities messages <NUM>. In some cases, such decoding capabilities may also be conveyed by UE <NUM>-a (e.g., via broadcast messages <NUM>). Using baseband capability information received via capabilities messages <NUM>, UE <NUM>-a may selectively (e.g., on a frequency basis) determine when to enable STBC/SFBC on a particular EARFCN based on a percentage of the UEs <NUM> within range having the STBC/SFBC decoding capabilities. Additionally, such determination of when to enable different block coding schemes may also, in some cases, be referred to as determining the transmission scheduling policy.

In some examples, distributed wireless network <NUM> may implement aspects of a V2X communications system. For example, some UEs <NUM> may be integrated with vehicles, integrated with buildings, integrated with other road side assistance applications. That is, in some cases distributed wireless network <NUM> may be configured to communicate information between vehicles to any entity that may interact the vehicle. Such distributed wireless networks <NUM> may be implemented along roads and other transportation through ways. For example, signs, infrastructure, power systems, and other entities may include UEs <NUM> that communicate using a V2X communication system (e.g., distributed wireless network <NUM>). In some examples, road side repeaters may include a UE <NUM> to communicate using the distributed wireless network <NUM>. The distributed wireless network <NUM> may also connect UEs <NUM> associated with individuals. For example, UEs <NUM> (e.g., smartphones) associated with of drivers, pedestrians, and/or other individuals may communicate using the distributed wireless network <NUM>. V2X sidelink traffic may support a distributed mode of transmission scheduling (e.g., semi-persistent transmission-based mechanisms). In addition to V2X communications, distributed wireless network <NUM> may support D2D communications, P2P communications, etc..

In some cases, responding UEs <NUM> (e.g., UE <NUM>-a) may identify advertising UEs <NUM> (e.g., UE <NUM>-b, UE <NUM>-c, UE <NUM>-d, etc.) geo-locally as unique (e.g., via the advertising UE's source Layer <NUM> address). For example, responding UE <NUM>-a may associate the MAC layer <NUM>-bit source ID (SRC) Layer <NUM> address received in data (e.g., Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH)) with the associated SCI <NUM> (e.g., SCI Format <NUM>) message in case capabilities are included in the SCI <NUM> message and not in the payload. As another example, the advertising UEs <NUM> may include a <NUM>-bit SRC Layer <NUM> address in the SCI <NUM> message (e.g., in case capabilities are transmitted without any associated PSSCH transmission).

The present disclosure may provide a framework for capabilities exchange within any wireless system that utilizes broadcast communications and stores such side information. As discussed herein, implementation of such techniques for UE capability discovery in distributed wireless networks may enable transmitting UEs <NUM> (e.g., responding UEs) to transmit on relevant frequencies based on the capabilities of UEs <NUM> within range. As the environment changes (e.g., as UEs <NUM> with different capabilities enter and exit the coverage area <NUM>-a), UE <NUM>-a may dynamically determine transmission scheduling policies such that resources are used in an effective manner. As such, system resource utilization may be improved. Further, baseband constrained scenarios may be optimized via efficient allocation of baseband resources for more critical communications.

<FIG> illustrates an example of a process flow <NUM> that supports techniques for UE capability discovery in distributed wireless networks in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, process flow <NUM> may implement aspects of the distributed wireless network <NUM> and the wireless communications system <NUM>. Process flow <NUM> may represent aspects of techniques performed by an advertising UE <NUM>-e and a responding UE <NUM>-f, which may represent the corresponding devices as described with reference to <FIG>. UE <NUM>-e may signal capabilities to UE <NUM>-f, and receive broadcast messages from UE <NUM>-f, based on user equipment capability discovery techniques described herein.

At <NUM>, UE <NUM>-e may generate a capabilities message. The capabilities message may include a list of frequencies supported by UE <NUM>-e (e.g., for transmission, reception, simultaneous demodulation, etc.) and/or baseband capabilities supported by UE <NUM>-e. For example, the capabilities message may include a list of frequencies on which UE <NUM>-e may be configured to support simultaneous reception, a list of frequencies on which UE <NUM>-e may listen for communications, etc. In some cases, UE <NUM>-e may generate a bitmap of the list of frequencies and generate the capabilities message based on the bitmap. Additionally or alternatively, generating the capabilities message may include encoding the capabilities message with baseband capabilities UE <NUM>-e supports. Supported baseband capabilities may include, for example, STBC schemes, SFBC schemes, etc. Further, the capabilities message may include an indication of whether conveyed frequency capabilities information or baseband capabilities information is static or dynamic (e.g., changing over time).

At <NUM>, UE <NUM>-e may transmit the capabilities message to UE <NUM>-f. In some cases, the capabilities message may be transmitted via an SCI message. In some examples, an MCS used in relation to the SCI message may vary based on the size of the SCI message. In other cases, the capabilities message may be transmitted via a V2X message payload, a PDCP header extension, a MAC payload, advertised by a metadata bit included in an SCI message, etc. Further, the capabilities message may, in some cases, be transmitted periodically.

At <NUM>, responding UE <NUM>-f may identify capabilities indicated by the received capability message (e.g., at <NUM>). UE <NUM>-f may identify radio frequency capabilities, baseband capabilities, or both, of advertising UE <NUM>-e.

In some cases, UE <NUM>-f may receive multiple capabilities messages from multiple UEs <NUM> within range of the UE <NUM>-f (e.g., including capabilities message <NUM> from UE <NUM>-e, in addition to capabilities messages from other UEs <NUM>). In such cases, the UE <NUM>-f may generate or identify a combined list of frequencies on which the multiple UEs <NUM> (e.g., associated with the multiple received capabilities messages) are configured to receive communications in the distributed network (e.g., based on individual lists of frequencies indicated by the individual capabilities message from each of the multiple UEs <NUM>). Further, when identifying the combined list of frequencies, the UE <NUM>-f may, in some examples, determine the multiple UEs <NUM> are configured to listen only to a single frequency band, determine a majority of the multiple UEs <NUM> are configured to listen to a limited number of frequency bands, etc. and distribute transmissions accordingly when determining the transmission scheduling policy at <NUM>.

Additionally or alternatively, the capabilities message received at <NUM> may include baseband capabilities of UE <NUM>-e. For example, baseband capabilities may indicate supported block coding schemes such as STBC schemes, SFBC schemes, etc. Further, in the scenarios where UE <NUM>-f receives multiple capabilities messages from multiple UEs <NUM> within range of the UE <NUM>-f (e.g., including capabilities message <NUM> from UE <NUM>-e, in addition to capabilities messages from other UEs <NUM>), UE <NUM>-f may determine a percentage of the multiple UEs <NUM> that have block decoding baseband capabilities. Such information may be used when determining whether or not to enable block coding schemes on certain frequencies when determining a transmission scheduling policy at <NUM>, as discussed in more detail below.

At <NUM>, UE <NUM>-f may determine a transmission scheduling policy based on the capabilities identified at <NUM>. That is, UE <NUM>-f may determine a transmission scheduling policy that distributes transmissions over frequency bands indicated by the generated list of frequencies and/or enables a block coding scheme for transmissions over frequency bands (e.g., depending on whether the one or more received capabilities messages include radio frequency capabilities, baseband capabilities, or both). In some cases, the UE <NUM>-f may prioritize or bias transmissions on certain frequency bands based on the combined list of frequencies as discussed above at <NUM>. Determining the transmission scheduling policy may include determining a primary frequency and/or a carrier aggregation scheme based on the combined list of frequencies. Additionally or alternatively, determining the transmission scheduling policy may include enabling a block coding scheme for transmissions on frequencies supported by UEs <NUM> that have indicated support for such block coding schemes.

At <NUM>, UE <NUM>-f may transmit a broadcast message to UE <NUM>-e, based on the scheduling policy determined at <NUM>. That is, the broadcast message, as well as additional broadcast messages, multicast messages, etc., may be transmitted according to the scheduling policy (e.g., via identified or determined frequency bands, block coding schemes, etc.) as detailed above.

<FIG> shows a block diagram <NUM> of a wireless device <NUM> that supports techniques for UE capability discovery in distributed wireless networks in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device <NUM> may be an example of aspects of a UE <NUM> as described herein. Wireless device <NUM> may include receiver <NUM>, communications manager <NUM>, and transmitter <NUM>. Wireless device <NUM> may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

Receiver <NUM> may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to techniques for UE capability discovery in distributed wireless networks, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device <NUM>. Receiver <NUM> may be an example of aspects of transceiver <NUM> described with reference to <FIG>. Receiver <NUM> may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas. For an advertising UE, receiver <NUM> may receive a broadcast message from at least one of the one or more second wireless devices based on a capabilities message transmitted by the advertising UE. An advertising UE may further receive a broadcast message (e.g., via receiver <NUM>) from at least one of the one or more second wireless devices based on the baseband capabilities indicated by a capabilities message transmitted by the advertising UE. In some cases, the distributed wireless network supports V2X communications, public safety D2D communications, P2P communications, or combinations thereof.

Communications manager <NUM> may be an example of aspects of communications manager <NUM> and <NUM> described with reference to <FIG> and <FIG>.

Communications manager <NUM> and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager <NUM> and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure. Communications manager <NUM> and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical devices. In some examples, communications manager <NUM> and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In other examples, communications manager <NUM> and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an I/O component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

Wireless device <NUM> (e.g., a UE <NUM>) may include communications manager <NUM>. When the wireless device <NUM> acts as an advertising UE, communications manager <NUM> may generate a capabilities message with a list of frequencies supported by the wireless device <NUM>. When the wireless device <NUM> acts as a transmitting or responding UE, communications manager <NUM> may receive capabilities messages from advertising UEs in the distributed wireless network (e.g., where each of the capabilities messages include a list of frequencies supported by the respective advertising UEs) and identify, based on the capabilities messages, a combined list of frequencies on which the advertising UEs are collectively configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network. For example, communications manager <NUM> may identify a combined list of frequencies on which a set of advertising UEs are configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network and determine a transmission scheduling policy based on the combined list of frequencies. Further, communications manager <NUM> may identify a combined list of baseband capabilities of the set of advertising UEs in the distributed wireless network and determine a transmission scheduling policy based on the combined list of baseband capabilities.

Transmitter <NUM> may transmit signals generated by other components of the device <NUM>. In some examples, transmitter <NUM> may be collocated with receiver <NUM> in a transceiver module. For example, transmitter <NUM> may be an example of aspects of transceiver <NUM> described with reference to <FIG>. Transmitter <NUM> may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

Wireless device <NUM> (e.g., a UE <NUM>) may include transmitter <NUM>. When the wireless device <NUM> acts as an advertising UE, transmitter <NUM> may transmit capabilities message to one or more second wireless devices of the distributed wireless network. When the wireless device <NUM> acts as a transmitting or responding UE, transmitter <NUM> may transmit a broadcast message in accordance with a transmission scheduling policy, transmit a broadcast message to advertising wireless devices in accordance with the transmission scheduling policy, transmit a broadcast message to advertising wireless devices using at least a subset of frequencies included in the combined list of frequencies, and transmit the broadcast message to the advertising wireless devices in accordance with the transmission scheduling policy. In some cases, the capabilities message is transmitted via a V2X message payload, via a PDCP header extension, via a media access control (MAC) payload, as advertised by a metadata bit included in an SCI message, or via combinations thereof. In some cases, the capabilities message is transmitted via an SCI message. In some cases, an MCS used in relation to the SCI message varies based on a size of the SCI message. In some cases, the capabilities message is transmitted periodically. In some cases, the distributed wireless network supports V2X communications, public safety D2D communications, P2P communications, or combinations thereof.

<FIG> shows a block diagram <NUM> of a wireless device <NUM> that supports techniques for UE capability discovery in distributed wireless networks in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device <NUM> may be an example of aspects of a wireless device <NUM> or a UE <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>. Wireless device <NUM> may include receiver <NUM>, communications manager <NUM>, and transmitter <NUM>. Wireless device <NUM> may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

Receiver <NUM> may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to techniques for UE capability discovery in distributed wireless networks, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device <NUM>. Receiver <NUM> may be an example of aspects of transceiver <NUM> described with reference to <FIG>. Receiver <NUM> may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

Communications manager <NUM> may be an example of aspects of communications manager <NUM> described with reference to <FIG>. Communications manager <NUM> may also include capabilities message generator <NUM>, RF capabilities manager <NUM>, transmission scheduling manager <NUM>, baseband capabilities manager <NUM>, and capabilities message manager <NUM>.

When the wireless device <NUM> acts as an advertising UE, capabilities message generator <NUM> may generate a capabilities message with a list of frequencies supported by the wireless device and generate the capabilities message based on the bitmap. In some cases, the list of frequencies includes frequencies on which the wireless device <NUM> is configured to simultaneously support receipt of communications in the distributed wireless network. In some cases, the list of frequencies includes frequencies on which the wireless device <NUM> is listening for communications in the distributed wireless network. In some cases, generating the capabilities message further includes an indication of whether frequency capabilities information or baseband capabilities information of the wireless device <NUM>, as included in the capabilities message, is static or dynamic.

When the wireless device <NUM> acts as an advertising UE, RF capabilities manager <NUM> may generate a bitmap of the list of frequencies based on the frequency capabilities of the wireless device <NUM>. When the wireless device <NUM> acts as a responding UE, RF capabilities manager <NUM> may identify a combined list of frequencies on which a set of advertising wireless devices are configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network and generate the combined list of frequencies based on individual lists of frequencies included in the one or more capabilities messages (e.g., where each individual list of frequencies identifies frequencies on which the respective advertising wireless devices are configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network). RF capabilities manager <NUM> may distribute transmissions based on a bias for frequency bands of the limited number of frequency bands that are most commonly used by the advertising wireless devices within range and identify, based on the one or more capabilities messages, a list of frequencies on which the respective advertising wireless devices are configured to transmit communications in the distributed wireless network. RF capabilities manager <NUM> may identify, based on the one or more capabilities messages, a combined list of frequencies on which the advertising wireless devices are collectively configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network. In some cases, identifying the combined list of frequencies on which the set of advertising wireless devices are configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network includes receiving one or more capabilities messages from respective advertising wireless devices of the set of advertising wireless devices. In some cases, determining the transmission scheduling policy further includes determining that a majority of neighboring advertising wireless devices of the set of advertising wireless devices are configured to listen to a limited number of frequency bands. In some cases, the combined list of frequencies includes frequencies on which the respective advertising wireless devices are listening for communications in the distributed wireless network. In some cases, identifying the combined list of frequencies on which the respective advertising wireless devices are collectively configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network includes identifying the combined list of frequencies via a bitmap included in each of the one or more received capabilities messages. In some cases, the combined list of frequencies includes frequencies on which the respective advertising wireless devices are configured to simultaneously support receipt of communications in the distributed wireless network. In some cases, determining the transmission scheduling policy further includes determining a primary frequency, a carrier aggregation scheme, or some combination thereof based on the combined list of frequencies.

When the wireless device <NUM> acts as a responding UE, transmission scheduling manager <NUM> may determine a transmission scheduling policy based on the combined list of frequencies. In some cases, determining the transmission scheduling policy further includes determining a primary frequency, a carrier aggregation scheme, or some combination thereof based on the one or more frequencies. In some cases, determining the transmission scheduling policy further includes determining that a majority of neighboring respective advertising wireless devices in the distributed wireless network are configured to listen to only a single frequency band. In such cases, (e.g., when advertising UEs support a single EARFCN), transmission scheduling manager <NUM> may distribute transmissions based on a bias for the single frequency band. In some cases, determining the transmission scheduling policy further includes: determining that a majority of neighboring respective advertising wireless devices in the distributed wireless network are configured to listen to a limited number of frequency bands. In such cases, transmission scheduling manager <NUM> may distribute transmissions based on a bias for frequency bands of the limited number of frequency bands that are most commonly used by the neighboring respective advertising wireless devices. Further, the transmission scheduling manager <NUM> may determine a transmission scheduling policy based on the baseband capabilities of the respective advertising wireless devices. In some cases, determining the transmission scheduling policy further includes determining that a threshold percentage of neighboring respective advertising wireless devices in the distributed wireless network have block decoding baseband capabilities.

Baseband capabilities manager <NUM> may (e.g., when the wireless device <NUM> acts as a responding UE) identify a combined list of baseband capabilities of a set of advertising wireless devices in the distributed wireless network or generate the combined list of baseband capabilities based on individual lists of baseband capabilities included in one or more received capabilities messages. Baseband capabilities manager <NUM> may identify, based on capabilities messages received by the wireless device <NUM>, baseband capabilities of the respective advertising wireless devices within the distributed wireless network. In some cases, identifying the combined list of baseband capabilities of a set of advertising wireless devices in the distributed wireless network includes receiving one or more capabilities messages from respective advertising wireless devices. In some cases, determining the transmission scheduling policy further includes determining that a threshold percentage of neighboring advertising wireless devices have block decoding baseband capabilities. In some cases, when the wireless device <NUM> acts as an advertising UE, the baseband capabilities manager <NUM> may encode the capabilities message with baseband capabilities supported by the wireless device <NUM>. In some cases, the baseband capabilities include a STBC scheme or a SFBC scheme.

Capabilities message manager <NUM> may (e.g., when the wireless device <NUM> acts as a responding UE) receive one or more capabilities messages from advertising wireless devices in the distributed wireless network. Each of the one or more capabilities messages includes a list of frequencies supported by the advertising wireless devices. In some cases, receiving the one or more capabilities messages from the advertising wireless devices includes receiving the one or more capabilities messages via an SCI message.

In some examples, transmitter <NUM> may be collocated with receiver <NUM> in a transceiver module. For example, transmitter <NUM> may be an example of aspects of transceiver <NUM> described with reference to <FIG>. Transmitter <NUM> may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

<FIG> shows a block diagram <NUM> of a communications manager <NUM> that supports techniques for UE capability discovery in distributed wireless networks in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Communications manager <NUM> may be an example of aspects of communications manager <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>. Communications manager <NUM> may include capabilities message generator <NUM>, RF capabilities manager <NUM>, transmission scheduling manager <NUM>, baseband capabilities manager <NUM>, capabilities message manager <NUM>, and encoder <NUM>. Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

When the wireless device <NUM> acts as an advertising UE, capabilities message generator <NUM> may generate a capabilities message with a list of frequencies supported by the wireless device <NUM> (e.g., by generating the capabilities message based on a bitmap of frequencies generated by RF capabilities manager <NUM>). In some cases, the list of frequencies includes frequencies on which the wireless device <NUM> is configured to simultaneously support receipt of communications in the distributed wireless network. In some cases, the list of frequencies includes frequencies on which the wireless device <NUM> is listening for communications in the distributed wireless network. In some cases, generating the capabilities message further includes an indication of whether frequency capabilities information or baseband capabilities information of the wireless device <NUM>, as included in the capabilities message, is static or dynamic.

When the wireless device <NUM> acts as an advertising UE, RF capabilities manager <NUM> may generate a bitmap of the list of frequencies based on the frequency capabilities of the wireless device. When the wireless device <NUM> acts as a responding UE, RF capabilities manager <NUM> may identify a combined list of frequencies on which a set of advertising wireless devices are configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network and generate a combined list of frequencies based on individual lists of frequencies included in the one or more capabilities messages (e.g., where each individual list of frequencies identifies frequencies on which the respective advertising wireless devices are configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network). RF capabilities manager <NUM> may identify, based on the one or more capabilities messages, a list of frequencies on which the respective advertising wireless devices are configured to transmit communications in the distributed wireless network and identify, based on the one or more capabilities messages, a combined list of frequencies on which the respective advertising wireless devices are collectively configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network. In some cases, the combined list of frequencies includes frequencies on which the respective second wireless devices are listening for communications in the distributed wireless network. In some cases, identifying the combined list of frequencies on which the respective advertising wireless devices are collectively configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network includes identifying the combined list of frequencies via a bitmap included in each of the one or more capabilities messages. In some cases, the combined list of frequencies includes frequencies on which the respective advertising wireless devices are configured to simultaneously support receipt of communications in the distributed wireless network.

When the wireless device <NUM> acts as a responding UE, transmission scheduling manager <NUM> may determine a transmission scheduling policy based on the combined list of frequencies. In some cases, determining the transmission scheduling policy further includes determining a primary frequency, a carrier aggregation scheme, or some combination thereof based on the one or more frequencies. In some cases, determining the transmission scheduling policy further includes determining that a majority of neighboring respective advertising wireless devices in the distributed wireless network are configured to listen to only a single frequency band. In such cases, (e.g., when advertising UEs support a single EARFCN), transmission scheduling manager <NUM> may distribute transmissions based on a bias for the single frequency band. In some cases, determining the transmission scheduling policy further includes: determining that a majority of neighboring respective advertising wireless devices in the distributed wireless network are configured to listen to a limited number of frequency bands. In such cases, transmission scheduling manager <NUM> may distribute transmissions based on a bias for frequency bands of the limited number of frequency bands that are most commonly used by the neighboring respective advertising wireless devices. Further, transmission scheduling manager <NUM> may determine a transmission scheduling policy based on the baseband capabilities of the respective advertising wireless devices. In some cases, determining the transmission scheduling policy further includes determining that a threshold percentage of neighboring respective advertising wireless devices in the distributed wireless network have block decoding baseband capabilities.

Baseband capabilities manager <NUM> may (e.g., when the wireless device acts as a responding UE) identify a combined list of baseband capabilities of a set of advertising wireless devices in the distributed wireless network or generate the combined list of baseband capabilities based on individual lists of baseband capabilities included in one or more received capabilities messages. Baseband capabilities manager <NUM> may identify, based on capabilities messages received by the wireless device <NUM>, baseband capabilities of the respective advertising wireless devices within the distributed wireless network. In some cases, identifying the combined list of baseband capabilities of a set of advertising wireless devices in the distributed wireless network includes receiving one or more capabilities messages from respective advertising wireless devices. In some cases, determining the transmission scheduling policy further includes determining that a threshold percentage of neighboring advertising wireless devices have block decoding baseband capabilities. In some cases, when the wireless device acts as an advertising UE, the baseband capabilities manager <NUM> may encode the capabilities message with baseband capabilities supported by the wireless device <NUM>. In some cases, the baseband capabilities include a STBC scheme or a SFBC scheme.

Capabilities message manager <NUM> may (e.g., when the wireless device <NUM> acts as responding UE) receive one or more capabilities messages from advertising wireless devices in the distributed wireless network. Each of the one or more capabilities messages includes a list of frequencies supported by the advertising wireless devices. In some cases, receiving the one or more capabilities messages from the advertising wireless devices includes receiving the one or more capabilities messages via an SCI message. In some cases, an MCS used in relation to the SCI message varies based on a size of the SCI message. In some cases, receiving the one or more capabilities messages from the respective second wireless devices includes: receiving the one or more capabilities messages via a V2X message payload, via a PDCP header extension, via a MAC payload, as advertised by a metadata bit included in an SCI message, or via combinations thereof. In some cases, the one or more capabilities messages include an indication of whether frequency capabilities information or baseband capabilities information of the respective second wireless devices, as included in the one or more capabilities message, is static or dynamic.

Encoder <NUM> may enable a block coding scheme for transmissions on frequencies that are supported by the threshold percentage of neighboring respective second wireless devices. In some cases, the block coding scheme includes an STBC scheme or an SFBC scheme.

<FIG> shows a diagram of a system <NUM> including a device <NUM> that supports techniques for UE capability discovery in distributed wireless networks in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Device <NUM> may be an example of or include the components of wireless device <NUM>, wireless device <NUM>, or a UE <NUM> as described above, e.g., with reference to <FIG> and <FIG>. Device <NUM> may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including communications manager <NUM>, processor <NUM>, memory <NUM>, software <NUM>, transceiver <NUM>, antenna <NUM>, and I/O controller <NUM>. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus <NUM>). Device <NUM> may communicate wirelessly with one or more base stations <NUM>.

Processor <NUM> may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor <NUM> may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into processor <NUM>. Processor <NUM> may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for UE capability discovery in distributed wireless networks).

Memory <NUM> may store computer-readable, computer-executable software <NUM> including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, memory <NUM> may contain, among other things, a basic input/output system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

Software <NUM> may include code to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including code to support techniques for UE capability discovery in distributed wireless networks. Software <NUM> may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other memory. In some cases, software <NUM> may not be directly executable by processor <NUM> but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.

For example, transceiver <NUM> may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver <NUM> may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas.

In some cases, the wireless device <NUM> may include a single antenna <NUM>. However, in some cases the device <NUM> may have more than one antenna <NUM>, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.

<FIG> shows a flowchart illustrating a method <NUM> for advertising UE techniques for capability discovery in distributed wireless networks in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method <NUM> may be implemented by a UE <NUM> or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method <NUM> may be performed by communications manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>. In some examples, a UE <NUM> may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE <NUM> may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may generate a capabilities message with a list of frequencies supported by the UE <NUM>. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by capabilities message generator <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may transmit the capabilities message to one or more wireless devices (e.g., transmitting or responding UEs) of the distributed wireless network. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by transmitter <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may receive a broadcast message from at least one of the one or more wireless devices based at least in part on the transmitted capabilities message. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by receiver <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, and7.

<FIG> shows a flowchart illustrating a method <NUM> for advertising UE techniques for capability discovery in distributed wireless networks in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method <NUM> may be implemented by a UE <NUM> or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method <NUM> may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to <FIG>. In some examples, a UE <NUM> may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE <NUM> may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may generate a bitmap of the list of frequencies based at least in part on the frequency capabilities of the UE <NUM>. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by RF capabilities manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may generate a capabilities message with a list of frequencies supported by the UE <NUM>, based at least in part on the bitmap. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by capabilities message generator <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may transmit the capabilities message to one or more second wireless devices of the distributed wireless network. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by transmitter <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may receive a broadcast message from at least one of the one or more second wireless devices based at least in part on the transmitted capabilities message. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by receiver <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, and7.

<FIG> shows a flowchart illustrating a method <NUM> for responding UE techniques for capability discovery in distributed wireless networks in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method <NUM> may be implemented by a UE <NUM> or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method <NUM> may be performed by communications manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>. In some examples, a UE <NUM> may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE <NUM> may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may identify a combined list of frequencies on which a plurality of advertising wireless devices are configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by RF capabilities manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may determine a transmission scheduling policy based at least in part on the combined list of frequencies. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by transmission scheduling manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may transmit a broadcast message in accordance with the transmission scheduling policy. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by transmitter <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG> and7.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may identify a combined list of baseband capabilities of a plurality of advertising wireless devices in the distributed wireless network. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by baseband capabilities manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may determine a transmission scheduling policy based at least in part on the combined list of baseband capabilities. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by transmission scheduling manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may transmit a broadcast message to the respective advertising wireless devices in accordance with the transmission scheduling policy. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by transmitter <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may receive one or more capabilities messages from advertising wireless devices in the distributed wireless network, each of the one or more capabilities messages may include a list of frequencies supported by the advertising wireless devices. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by capabilities message manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may identify, based at least in part on the one or more capabilities messages, a combined list of frequencies on which the advertising wireless devices are collectively configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by RF capabilities manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may transmit a broadcast message to the advertising wireless devices using at least a subset of frequencies included in the combined list of frequencies. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by transmitter <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, and7.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may identify, based at least in part on the one or more capabilities messages, a list of frequencies on which the respective second wireless devices are configured to transmit communications in the distributed wireless network. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by RF capabilities manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may transmit a broadcast message to the respective advertising wireless devices using at least a subset of frequencies included in the combined list of frequencies. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by transmitter <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, and7.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may receive one or more capabilities messages from respective second wireless devices in the distributed wireless network, each of the one or more capabilities messages including a list of frequencies supported by the respective second wireless devices. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by capabilities message manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may identify, based at least in part on the one or more capabilities messages, a combined list of frequencies on which the respective second wireless devices are collectively configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by RF capabilities manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may transmit a broadcast message to the respective second wireless devices using at least a subset of frequencies included in the combined list of frequencies. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by transmitter <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, and7.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may identify, based at least in part on the capabilities message, baseband capabilities of the respective second wireless devices within the distributed wireless network. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by baseband capabilities manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may determine a transmission scheduling policy based at least in part on the baseband capabilities of the respective second wireless devices. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by transmission scheduling manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may identify at least one of a combined list of frequencies on which a plurality of second wireless devices are configured to receive communications in the distributed wireless network or a combined list of baseband capabilities of the plurality of second wireless devices in the distributed wireless network. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by RF capabilities manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may determine a transmission scheduling policy based at least in part on the combined list of frequencies or the combined list of baseband capabilities. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by transmission scheduling manager <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may transmit a broadcast message to respective second wireless devices of the plurality of second wireless devices in accordance with the transmission scheduling policy. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by transmitter <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG>.

Techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communications systems such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and other systems. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably.

An OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), E-UTRA, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) <NUM> (Wi-Fi), IEEE <NUM> (WiMAX), IEEE <NUM>, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).

In LTE/LTE-A networks, including such networks described herein, the term eNB may be generally used to describe the base stations. The wireless communications system or systems described herein may include a heterogeneous LTE/LTE-A or NR network in which different types of eNBs provide coverage for various geographical regions. For example, each eNB, gNB, or base station may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, or other types of cell. The term "cell" may be used to describe a base station, a carrier or component carrier associated with a base station, or a coverage area (e.g., sector, etc.) of a carrier or base station, depending on context.

Base stations may include or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, eNB, gNB, Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or some other suitable terminology. The geographic coverage area for a base station may be divided into sectors making up only a portion of the coverage area. The wireless communications system or systems described herein may include base stations of different types (e.g., macro or small cell base stations). The UEs described herein may be able to communicate with various types of base stations and network equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, gNBs, relay base stations, and the like. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas for different technologies.

Also, as used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a list of items (for example, a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of') indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).

Claim 1:
A method (<NUM>) for wireless communication in a distributed wireless network, comprising:
generating (<NUM>), at a first wireless device, being a first user equipment, UE (<NUM>), in the distributed wireless network, a capabilities message with a list of frequencies and a list of baseband capabilities supported by the first wireless device, the list of baseband capabilities comprising a block coding scheme;
transmitting (<NUM>), at the first UE (<NUM>), the capabilities message to one or more second wireless devices of the distributed wireless network; and
receiving (<NUM>), at the first UE (<NUM>), a broadcast message from at least one of the one or more second wireless devices based at least on the transmitted capabilities message.