Patent Description:
In the state of the art, radio allocation of several radios in a radio network is done according to a pre-defined hierarchy that is provided by a central server structure after a time-consuming and resource-intensive planning phase. The different radios of the radio network communicate with the central server structure in order to obtain a certain chunk of a radio spectrum to be used for receiving and/or transmitting radio signals. The server structure manages the radio allocation of the radio spectrum, particularly the different chunks of the radio spectrum, thereby ensuring consistence within the radio network.

However, the radio networks known in the state of the art provide a fixed and therefore limited radio allocation, thereby restricting the overall flexibility of the individual radios for communicating among each other. Accordingly, the radio communication is difficult in case that the frequencies, particularly any spare frequencies, of the radio spectrum are disturbed.

Moreover, the radio networks known in the state of the art are expensive since the central server structure has to be established and maintained appropriately, resulting in facility and maintenance costs of the server structure. In addition, a single point of failure, namely the central server structure, is provided which makes the entire radio network more vulnerable since the radio network depends on the central server structure.

A method and apparatus for determining appropriate channels for communication are described in <CIT>.

<CIT> describes a method for managing sidelink resources.

<CIT> describes a multi-level indicator of radio resource status for intended D2D transmission.

Accordingly, there is a need for a simple and cost-efficient way to provide a radio allocation for radios in a radio network.

The invention provides a radio for a radio network with dynamic and distributed radio resource allocation. The radio comprises a sensing module that is configured to sense a radio spectrum, thereby obtaining sensing data. The radio comprises a transmission module that is configured to transmit a radio signal. The sensing module and the transmission module are interconnected with each other such that the sensing module is configured to forward information associated with the sensing data to the transmission module for transmitting the information encompassed in a radio signal to a second radio of the radio network. The information corresponds to at least one frequency range within the radio spectrum which is to be used by the radio for receiving radio signals. The at least one frequency range corresponds to a frequency hopset that defines which frequency or frequency sub-range is used at a certain time while hopping between different frequencies or different frequency ranges.

Further, the invention provides a radio network for dynamic and distributed radio resource allocation, wherein the radio network comprises at least one radio as defined above as well as a second radio. The radio and the second radio are configured to communicate with each other via radio signals. Particularly, the radio network has a flat hierarchy, resulting in all radios having equal roles.

Furthermore, the invention provides a method of allocating radio resource in a dynamic and distributed manner, wherein the method comprises the steps of:.

The invention provides a dynamic radio allocation for the respective radio since the radio itself is enabled to sense the radio spectrum in order to determine an already existing allocation of the radio spectrum to be used by the radio for communication purposes. The radio is generally enabled to manage the radio allocation while communicating with the other radios within the same radio network. In fact, each radio is enabled to sense the respective radio spectrum in order to gather information concerning the radio spectrum. Moreover, the respective information gathered can be used for allocation purposes. Put differently, each radio of the radio network is enabled to independently sense the radio spectrum in order to gather information concerning the current allocation of the radio spectrum. Hence, spare frequencies or frequency ranges can be identified by the radio itself, which can be used by the radio for communication purposes. The spare frequencies or frequency ranges relate to unoccupied or rather undisturbed ones.

The radio may comprise a wideband filter for filtering the radio spectrum in a broadband or rather wideband manner, thereby gathering as much information as possible. The bandwidth of the sensing performed by the radio, namely the bandwidth of the wideband filter, can be set, particularly in dependency of the respective task or rather operation.

In the radio network with the different radios, the respective functionality concerning the radio resource management (RRM) is distributed among the different radios of the radio network, thereby establishing the dynamic and distributed radio network with the dynamic and distributed radio resource allocation. However, each individual radio of the radio network is enabled to independently sense the radio spectrum in order to identify frequencies or rather frequency ranges that can be used for radio communication by itself.

The decentralized management of the radio resource allocation ensures that the overall costs of the radio network may be reduced.

In addition, a single point of failure is avoided effectively since no central server structure is needed anymore that was previously used for the centralized radio resource management. Put differently, a central management unit for radio resource management, for instance the central server structure, is no more necessary since the respective functionality is provided by the individual radio(s) of the radio network themselves, namely in a distributed or rather decentralized manner.

Since no central server structure for the management of the radio allocation is necessary, the entire radio system is more robust, particularly when using typical waveforms for the radio signals for communication purposes. In fact, any disturbance of the radio spectrum is not promising since the radio itself scans the radio spectrum and identifies noise or any interfering signal source, for instance a jammer, which is disturbing the radio communication.

Furthermore, the entire radio network, particularly each individual radio, has a higher dynamic concerning its communication characteristics, namely transmission and reception of radio signals, compared to radio networks and/or radios known in the state of the art since each radio of the radio network can promptly identify an optimal frequency range for radio communication, namely an optimal allocation in the radio spectrum.

Since the radio allocation is dynamic, each radio of the radio network is generally enabled to use the entire radio spectrum. Put differently, the radios are not restricted to predefined frequency ranges of the radio spectrum, ensuring the flexibility of the individual radios and the entire radio network.

In addition, the radio network is simplified, thereby reducing the costs in total, since the efforts associated with the configuration of a certain task or rather operation can be reduced. For instance, control messages sent to the central server structure are not required anymore, thereby also reducing the amount of signals exchanged.

Particularly, the radio allocation concerns the allocation of frequencies or rather frequency ranges that are new, available and/or undisturbed such that these frequencies or rather frequency ranges can be used by the respective radio for communication purposes.

Accordingly, the radio itself is enabled to determine the frequency range that is to be used for receiving radio signals. Hence, the radio is enabled to determine the respective frequency range to be used by the second radios that communicate with the respective radio. Since this information is forwarded to the transmission module of the respective radio which in turn transmits the information, the radio is enabled to determine its receiving properties and to communicate them accordingly. In other words, the second radio(s) receive(s) the information concerning the frequency (range) used by the respective radio for receiving radio signals. This information can be processed by the second radio(s) when transmitting radio signals, thereby ensuring proper communication among the radios of the radio network.

The at least one frequency range to be used for receiving radio signals corresponds to a frequency hopset. The frequency hopset may comprise the at least one frequency range determined. In fact, the frequency hopset comprises the at least one frequency range encompassing several frequencies or frequency sub-ranges to be used. The frequency hopset generally defines which frequency or rather frequency sub-range is used at a certain time while hopping between the different frequencies or different frequency ranges, particularly in a predefined manner.

The information may also encompass information concerning the receive power and/or transmit power. Therefore, the radio may also forward information to the second radio that can be processed by the second radio such that the second radio is set in an appropriate manner for communicating with the respective radio. In fact, the power of the radio transmission of the second radio(s) can be indirectly set by the radio that has sensed the radio spectrum previously in order to identify the at least one frequency range to be used for receiving the radio signals from the second radio(s).

An aspect provides that the sensing data obtained by the sending module corresponds to an allocation of the radio spectrum. As mentioned above, the radio itself is enabled to identify the current allocation of the respective radio spectrum sensed in order to identify available frequency channels or rather frequency ranges that can be used by the radio for communication purposes. Hence, the sensing module senses the radio spectrum to be used in order to observe the current allocation of the radio spectrum, wherein the respective information is used by the radio.

Another aspect provides that the radio is configured to autonomously determine at least one frequency range in dependency of the sensing data obtained. Since the radio itself is enabled to identify the current allocation of the radio spectrum by scanning the radio spectrum, the radio itself is also enabled to determine at least one frequency range in dependency of the sensing data obtained. The at least one frequency range may be a spare one. In any case, no interaction with a centralized unit such as the central server structure is necessary in order to gather the respective information, namely the at least one frequency range. In fact, the at least one frequency range can be derived from the sensing data obtained when sensing the radio spectrum accordingly.

According to another aspect, the radio is configured to forward the information to at least one next radio in a hop radio network. The next radio corresponds to a next node in the hop radio network, namely a neighbored node. The respective hop radio network ensures that radio signals are only forwarded to the next radio/node within the respective radio network wherein the information submitted is used, namely the at least one frequency range associated therewith. A single radio may comprise more than one next radio wherein different information may be forwarded to the different next radios, thereby ensuring that the radios are enabled to set individual communication links between each other. The radios are enabled to communicate with each other in a defined manner via the communication links while using the frequency ranges.

In addition, the radio may have a receiving module for receiving another radio signal from a second radio. The radio is configured to sense the radio spectrum by means of the sensing module, to transmit the radio signal by means of the transmission module and/or to receive the another radio signal by means of the receiving module simultaneously. Therefore, the spectrum sensing may be done in parallel to the normal operation of the radio since the radio is enabled to sense the radio spectrum as well as to transmit radio signals and/or to receive radio signals simultaneously. The respective radio may be a full-duplex radio that is capable of receiving and transmitting radio signals simultaneously. Accordingly, the radio may be enabled to sense the radio spectrum, to receive radio signals and to transmit radio signals simultaneously.

However, the sensing and the normal operation, namely transmitting and/or receiving, may also be performed subsequently.

In general, the radio may comprise different operation modes, for instance fixed frequency (FF), frequency hopping (FH), Direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and so on. The sensing may be performed in any of these different operation modes.

Another aspect provides that the radio has a memory configured to store information received from at least one second radio. Particularly, the information is internally stored in a table format. The radio receives information of second radios, particularly next radios that communicate with the respective radio, wherein the information received concerns the frequency range to be used for transmitting radio signals to the next radio(s) from which the respective radio has received the information. In other words, the respective radio is enabled to store the received information how to communicate with the next radio(s) since the received information relates to the frequency range used for receiving radio signals by the second radio(s).

Accordingly, the allocation is done in a distributed and dynamic manner since all radios communicate with each other, thereby exchanging the frequency ranges to be used by their neighbored radios, namely the second radios, for radio communication.

This information may be transmitted separately by a dedicated radio signal or as additional information on a radio signal sent anyway, which is also called "piggyback".

Another aspect provides that the radio has an evaluation module which is configured to evaluate the sensing data and/or information received from a second radio. In general, the information can be distributed within the entire radio system, wherein each individual radio may be enabled to evaluate the information obtained from the radios. Moreover, the individual radios may together evaluate the information available in order to identify frequency ranges to be used preferably, namely those frequency ranges without any disturbances. The frequency ranges are associated with communication links between neighbored radios.

Moreover, a geographical frequency map concerning place and time or the available signal power can be created.

In general, each radio of the radio network determines individually and independently of the other radios, namely the second radios, the frequency range based on the sensing data obtained. The radios each transmit the respective information associated with the sensing data to the next radio(s) in order to inform the next radio(s) concerning the frequency range(s) to be used for receiving radio signals. Accordingly, the next radio(s) are informed on which frequencies or rather frequency range(s) they have to transmit radio signals in order to ensure that they will be received by the respective radio. In other words, the next radio(s) obtain the information from the respective radio how to reach the respective radio in an appropriate manner.

The radio provides a separate set of frequencies for each next radio from the frequency recommendation derived from the sensing data. For instance, step frequencies are selected from the frequency recommendation for jumping waveforms.

An aspect provides that the sensing is performed periodically. The information concerning the radio allocation is gathered several times, particularly in each frame. Hence, the radio network is enabled to react on any upcoming disturbances in order to adapt the frequency range(s) to be used by the second radio(s) for radio communication, namely transmission of radio signals.

According to another aspect, the sensing takes place in a defined time slot within a frame, particularly a frame associated with a time-division multiple access (TDMA) method. The sensing of the radio spectrum is done in a defined manner and for a defined time period that is associated with the time slot. Hence, the sensing may be done periodically, for instance in each frame even though the relative position within the respective frame may vary.

In fact, the sensing, namely the wideband analysis of the radio spectrum, takes place in a free slot of the frame, particularly the frame associated with the TDMA method.

Generally, the sensing may be performed for a certain time period, particularly within a certain percentage of the overall time available for radio communication, such as <NUM>%.

For instance, the defined time slot is selected manually. A user of the respective radio or rather the entire radio network is enabled to manually start the sensing such that the next available time slot is used to perform the sensing of the radio spectrum. Moreover, a manual override may be provided.

Alternatively, the sensing may be done automatically, for instance based on an algorithm that runs on the respective radio, particularly on a processor of the radio. Thus, no manual interaction is required.

In fact, the sensing may be performed prior to establishing a communication link between two radios in order to scan the current allocation of the radio spectrum and to identify the at least one frequency range that can be used for communicating with each other.

Another aspect provides that a position of the time slot within the frame is variable such that the time slot is located at different positions in the different frames. In other words, a variation of the time slot is obtained with respect to its position and the frame, thereby ensuring that the sensing does not take place at the same position in each frame even though the sensing may take place every frame. Hence, the relative position of the time slot associated with the sensing is variable with respect to the entire duration of the frame.

Particularly, the respective position of the time slot within in the frames varies over time such that the sensing appears like jitter and/or pseudo-noise. This appearance is ensured due to the fact that the sensing takes place periodically or rather within each frame, but at different positions within the frames.

Generally, the radio is configured to decide independently and decentrally on which frequencies the respective radio will receive radio signals and communicate this decision to its direct neighbored radios, namely the second radios. For the decision, the respective radio has previously observed the radio spectrum, particularly certain frequency ranges. This has been done independently from the second radios. Put differently, the respective radio independently selects at least one preferred frequency range or rather frequencies based on its sensing data obtained previously, on which the respective radio is enabled to receive radio signals from the second radio(s). The respective information concerning the at least one preferred frequency range or rather frequencies is distributed to the second radios, namely its neighbored radios. Then, these second radios obtain the information on which frequencies or rather frequency range(s) the respective radio can be reached for communication purposes.

For instance, the sensing may be done when all second radios, a few of all second radios or none of the second radios are/is switched off.

In general, the different aspects and their advantages mentioned above apply in a similar manner to the radio itself, the radio network as well as the method accordingly.

The foregoing aspects and many of the attended advantages of the claimed subject matter will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:.

For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrase "at least one of A, B, and C", for example, means (A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B, and C), including all further possible permutations when greater than three elements are listed.

In <FIG>, a radio network <NUM> is shown that comprises a radio <NUM> and several second radios <NUM> that are neighbored radios or next radios with respect to the radio <NUM>. In fact, the radio <NUM> indicated by the encircled R1 has three neighbored radios <NUM> labelled by encircled R2 to R4. Generally, the radios <NUM>, <NUM> are enabled to communicate with each other via radio signals.

The radio network <NUM> corresponds to a hop radio network in which the radios <NUM>, <NUM> communicate with next radio, also called next node, neighbored node or rather neighbored radio.

As shown in <FIG>, the radio network <NUM> comprises four radios <NUM>, <NUM> in total, namely the respective radio <NUM> and three second radios <NUM>, which are neighbored to the radio <NUM>. The radios <NUM>, <NUM> have equal roles such that the radio network <NUM> has a flat hierarchy.

The radios <NUM>, <NUM> are each established in a similar manner, wherein one of these radios <NUM> is shown in <FIG> in more detail. Accordingly, each of the radios <NUM>, <NUM> can be operated as the respective radio <NUM> or rather the second radio <NUM> neighbored to the respective radio <NUM>.

For communication purposes, each radio <NUM>, <NUM> comprises a transmission module <NUM> that is configured to transmit a radio signal to at least one neighbored radio as well as a receiving module <NUM> for receiving at least one radio signal from the corresponding neighbored radio(s).

The radio <NUM>, <NUM> may correspond to a full-duplex radio that is capable of transmitting and receiving radio signals in parallel. Accordingly, the transmission module <NUM> and the receiving module <NUM> may be associated with an own antenna for receiving or rather transmitting purposes.

In addition, each radio <NUM>, <NUM> comprises a sensing module <NUM> that is configured to scan or rather sense a radio spectrum that can be used by the radio <NUM>, <NUM> for radio communication with the other radios <NUM>, <NUM>.

The sensing module <NUM> observes the radio spectrum wherein sensing data is obtained that is forwarded to an internal processor <NUM> of the radio, also called processing module.

The processor <NUM> is connected with the transmission module <NUM> and the receiving module <NUM> such that the data to be transmitted and/or received is processed internally by the radio <NUM>, <NUM> in a defined manner.

In the shown embodiment, the sensing module <NUM> and the transmission module <NUM> are interconnected with each other via the processor <NUM> such that the sensing data obtained can be forwarded from the sensing module <NUM> to the transmission module <NUM> via the processor <NUM>. Then, the sensing data can be transmitted to one of the next radios <NUM> neighbored to the radio <NUM> as will be described later with reference to <FIG>.

In general, the radio <NUM> is configured to process the sensing data obtained by the sensing module <NUM> in order to gather information of the radio spectrum.

In order to gather the information from the sensing data, the radio <NUM> may use an evaluation module <NUM> that is also connected with the processor <NUM>. Hence, the sensing data obtained from the sensing module <NUM> is forwarded to the evaluation module <NUM> that evaluates the sensing data obtained from the sensing module <NUM> in order to gather information to be used for informing the second radios <NUM> appropriately as will be described later with reference to <FIG>.

The processor <NUM> is enabled to access the evaluation module <NUM> such that the information gathered can be retrieved and forwarded to the transmission module <NUM> accordingly.

Alternatively, the processor <NUM> only controls the individual modules <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> to exchange data and/or information in a certain way.

The sensing performed by the sensing module <NUM> is associated with identifying a current allocation of the radio spectrum to be used by the radio <NUM>. This is shown in <FIG> illustrating an overview of the allocation of the radio spectrum that is used by four different radios <NUM>, <NUM>, which are labelled by R1 to R4.

In fact, the radios <NUM>, <NUM> each sense the allocation of the radio spectrum at different times as indicated by t1 to t4. Moreover, the allocation is sensed in a periodic manner, namely n-times.

Generally, the radio <NUM>, <NUM> is configured to simultaneously sense the radio spectrum, receive a radio signal and/or transmit a radio signal. Therefore, the sensing may be done in parallel to the normal operation of the radio <NUM>, <NUM>.

The radios <NUM>, <NUM> use a wideband sensing filter that has a certain bandwidth such that several frequencies or rather frequency sub-ranges are sensed by each radio <NUM>, <NUM>, particularly four frequencies or rather frequency sub-ranges in the shown embodiment of <FIG>.

The information obtained from sensing the radio spectrum is transmitted via the transmission module <NUM> to at least one of the second radios <NUM> that are neighbored ones in order to forward the information derived from the sensing to the second radios <NUM> appropriately.

In other words, the respective radio <NUM> is enabled to sense the radio spectrum, thereby obtaining the sensing data that is processed internally in order to gather certain information from the sensing data wherein this information is distributed or rather forwarded to the neighbored/second radios <NUM> so as to inform the second radios <NUM> appropriately.

Generally, the information obtained from the sensing data corresponds to at least one frequency range within the radio spectrum sensed. Particularly, the information corresponds to the at least one frequency range to be used by the radio <NUM> for receiving radio signals.

Accordingly, the radio <NUM> can autonomously determine at least one frequency range in dependency of the sensing data obtained which is used by the radio <NUM> itself for receiving radio signals from the neighbored radios <NUM>. This is possible since the radio <NUM> previously senses the current allocation of the radio spectrum such that the radio <NUM> is enabled to determine any available frequency ranges for receiving radio signals.

This information, namely the at least one frequency range within the radio spectrum to be used for receiving radio signals, is forwarded to the other radios <NUM> in the radio network <NUM> by means of the transmission module <NUM> that transmits a corresponding radio signal that encompasses the information. Put differently, the radio <NUM> is enabled to inform the second radios <NUM> concerning the frequencies or rather frequency ranges to be used when communicating with the respective radio <NUM>.

The second radios <NUM>, namely the ones labelled with R2 - R4, receive the radio signal from the radio <NUM> labelled with R1. The radio signals are received by the respective receiving modules <NUM> of the second radios <NUM> wherein the received radios signals are forwarded to the evaluation module <NUM> of the second radios <NUM> in order to gather the information sent by the radio <NUM> labelled with R1.

Again, the information received via the radio signals may be processed by the processor <NUM> directly or rather the processor <NUM> controls the flow of data appropriately.

In any case, the second radios <NUM> get informed concerning the frequency range to be used when establishing a communication link with the radio <NUM> labelled with R1.

The same principle applies for all radios <NUM>, <NUM> of the radio network <NUM> such that they inform each other concerning the frequencies or rather frequency ranges to be used for communication purposes. Since the radios <NUM>, <NUM> perform the sensing previously in order to identify the current allocation of the radio spectrum, undisturbed or rather unoccupied frequency ranges can be used in a flexible manner.

Accordingly, a dynamic radio resource allocation is provided. This radio resource allocation is also done in a distributed manner without any central server structure since the radios <NUM>, <NUM> each sense the radio spectrum in order to identify frequencies or rather frequency ranges to be used for receiving radio signals by themselves. The information gathered is forwarded to the respective second radios <NUM> such that they get informed how to communicate with the respective radio <NUM>.

Besides the at least one frequency range, the respective radio <NUM> may also forward information concerning the receive power and/or transmit power such that the second radios <NUM> are set appropriately.

In general, the at least one frequency range may be part of a frequency hopset encompassing several frequencies or rather frequency sub-ranges to be used at certain times. Hence, the respective frequencies are changed over time according to the predefined frequency hopset. This is illustrated in <FIG>.

Each of the radios <NUM>, <NUM> may generally comprise an internal memory <NUM> as show in <FIG>, which is used to store the information received from the radios <NUM>, <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, the respective information can be stored in a table format, particularly for each destination radio (receiving radio) abbreviated by "dest" and/or for different times indicated by t1 and t2.

The respective frequency range is indicated by different frequencies to be used when communicating with the specific destination radio (receiving radio).

In addition, <FIG> shows that a jammer on a certain frequency was identified when sensing the radio spectrum previously, namely a jammer on f13. Therefore, this frequency is skipped by the radio <NUM> labelled with "<NUM>" when sending radio signals to the radio <NUM> labelled with "<NUM>". The respective frequency hopset encompasses the frequencies f11, f12 and f14 associated with the at least one frequency range.

Moreover, <FIG> reveals that the radios <NUM>, <NUM> labelled with "<NUM>", "<NUM>" and "<NUM>" only communicate with the radio <NUM>, <NUM> labelled with "<NUM>", but not among each other since they have only stored information received from the radio <NUM>, <NUM> labelled with "<NUM>".

As mentioned above, this information is received by the respective receiving module <NUM> via radio signals received, wherein the radio signals may be evaluated by the evaluation module <NUM>.

Accordingly, the evaluation module <NUM> also communicates with the memory <NUM> (via the processor <NUM>) in order to store the information derived from the received radio signals.

The processor <NUM> is enabled to access the memory <NUM> in order to gather information concerning the frequency range to be used when communicating with a certain radio <NUM> such that this information is forwarded to the transmission module <NUM>. In fact, the frequency range is selected for transmitting purposes that was specified previously by the radio <NUM> that shall receive the radio signal.

In any case, the radio <NUM>, <NUM> is enabled to identify the radio allocation of the radio spectrum sensed by the sensing module <NUM> such that the radio <NUM>, <NUM> is enabled to autonomously determine at least one frequency range to be used for receiving radio signals (at a certain time).

This information is distributed within the radio network <NUM> as shown in <FIG> such that the respective radios <NUM>, <NUM> may store the information concerning the frequency range(s) to be used for transmitting radio signals to the radio(s) <NUM>, <NUM> that have previously communicated the information derived from the sensing data, namely the at least one frequency range to be used.

In general, the sensing may take place in a defined time slot within a frame of the communication. Accordingly, the respective frame, for instance a frame according to time-division multiple access (TDMA), is configured such that a specific time slot within the frame is exclusively dedicated to the (wideband) sensing, thereby avoiding any reservation mechanisms.

However, this periodic sensing, which may be done in each frame, does not have the exact same position within the different frames, but varies with respect to its temporal position in the frames. In other words, its relative position varies. The variation of the position within the frame may be determined automatically such that it appears like a jitter in a noisy, quasi random manner.

The sensing generally ensures that each radio <NUM>, <NUM> obtains an overview of the current activities in the radio spectrum, namely its allocation. The sensing is done by all radios <NUM>, <NUM> of the radio network <NUM> in a similar manner. Hence, the receiving radio <NUM> scans the radio spectrum, thereby obtaining sensing data associated with information which is transmitted by the respective radio <NUM> to the second radios <NUM>, which are the next radios.

The information may relate to a preferred frequency hopset (encompassing at least one frequency range or rather frequencies), which is to be used by the second radios <NUM> when transmitting radio signals or rather data to the respective radio <NUM>.

After receiving the information, every radio <NUM>, <NUM> will use the at least one frequency range specified for upcoming communication. Moreover, each radio <NUM>, <NUM> maintains an internal storage data format, for instance a table, in which the specified frequency range(s) for all next radios <NUM> are listed.

In general, the receiving frequency hopset and the transmitting frequency hopset of each radio <NUM>, <NUM> may be disjoint. Hence, these frequency hopsets are not equal. In fact, they are determined by different radios <NUM>, <NUM>, namely the respective receiving one(s). Accordingly, it is more complicated to identify the radios <NUM>, <NUM>.

Since the radios <NUM>, <NUM> dynamically and autonomously determine the respective allocation of the radio spectrum, no concurring situations occur. Furthermore, each radio <NUM>, <NUM> is generally enabled to use the entire radio spectrum.

Claim 1:
A radio for a radio network (<NUM>) with dynamic and distributed radio resource allocation, wherein the radio (<NUM>) comprises a sensing module (<NUM>) that is configured to sense a radio spectrum, thereby obtaining sensing data, wherein the radio (<NUM>) comprises a transmission module (<NUM>) that is configured to transmit a radio signal, and wherein the sensing module (<NUM>) and the transmission module (<NUM>) are interconnected with each other such that the sensing module (<NUM>) is configured to forward information associated with the sensing data to the transmission module (<NUM>) for transmitting the information encompassed in a radio signal to a second radio (<NUM>) of the radio network (<NUM>), wherein the information corresponds to at least one frequency range within the radio spectrum which is to be used by the radio (<NUM>) for receiving radio signals, characterized in that the at least one frequency range corresponds to a frequency hopset that defines which frequency or frequency sub-range is used at a certain time while hopping between different frequencies or different frequency ranges.