Patent Description:
The present disclosure is generally related to wireless communications and, more particularly, to design simplification for distributed-tone resource units (dRUs) in <NUM> low-power indoor (LPI) systems.

Under current regulations by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regarding wireless communications in the <NUM>-GHz and <NUM>-GHz bands, the equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) of a power spectral density (PSD) limit is capped at <NUM> dBm for <NUM>-MHz transmission and the transmission (Tx) power limit is capped at <NUM> dBm. With a reasonable Tx power assumption, the FCC requirement would not limit Tx power for narrow-bandwidth transmissions. On the other hand, the FCC requirement regarding <NUM>-GHz low-power indoor (LPI) applications is far more stringent than PSD requirement regarding the <NUM>-GHz and <NUM>-GHz bands. For instance, the EIRP limit is at <NUM> dBm/MHz for an access point (AP) in <NUM>-GHz LPI versus the EIRP limit of <NUM> dBm/MHz for APs in the <NUM>-GHz band. Similarly, the EIRP limit is at -<NUM> dBm/MHz for an non-AP in <NUM>-GHz LPI versus the EIRP limit of <NUM> dBm/MHz for APs in the <NUM>-GHz band. Accordingly, several distributed-tone RU design methods have been proposed intending to increase the Tx power and improve the coverage range for <NUM> LPI systems. As conventional distributed-tone RU designs tend to be complex, there is a need for a solution for design simplification for distributed-tone RUs in <NUM> LPI systems. <CIT> discloses a method according to the preamble portion of claim <NUM>.

<CIT> discloses a method and an apparatus for transmitting data on a resource unit including a pilot tone, in a WLAN.

<CIT> discloses an OFDM communication system, wherein a frequency bandwidth is divided into multiple Physical Resource Units and a Frequency Partitioning Configuration Module is provided that configures a physical layer for use in multiple coverage areas.

<CIT> discloses methods and apparatuses for scheduling and indicating scheduling information in a wireless local area network.

The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

An objective of the present disclosure is to provide schemes, concepts, designs, techniques, methods and apparatuses pertaining to design simplification for distributed-tone RUs in <NUM> LPI systems. Under one proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, distributed-tone RUs may be generated from a "base tone set" with a shift. Under another proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, the distributed-tone RUs may be generated by using a unified formula with the parameters given by the logical RU size and distribution bandwidth. Under yet another proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, the logical RU size for tone distribution may be limited. Under yet another proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, the bandwidth in which tone distribution is applied may be limited. Thus, it is believed that aforementioned issue may be addressed by implementing one or more of the various schemes proposed herein. A method and an apparatus according to the invention are defined in the independent claims.

In one aspect, a method includes performing tone distribution with a logical RU and multi-RU (MRU) size over a bandwidth to generate a distributed-tone RU and a distributed-tone MRU. The method includes communicating wirelessly using the distributed-tone RU and the distributed-tone MRU in a <NUM> LPI system.

In another aspect, an apparatus includes a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly and a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor is adapted to perform tone distribution with a logical RU and MRU size over a bandwidth to generate a distributed-tone RU and a distributed-tone MRU. The processor is adapted to communicate, via the transceiver, using the distributed-tone RU and the distributed-tone MRU in a <NUM> LPI system.

It is noteworthy that, although description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, Wi-Fi, the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation(s)/derivative(s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, for example and without limitation, Bluetooth, ZigBee, <NUM>th Generation (<NUM>)/New Radio (NR), Long-Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, Internet-of-Things (IoT), Industrial IoT (IIoT) and narrowband IoT (NB-IoT). Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described.

Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes and/or solutions pertaining to design simplification for distributed-tone RUs in <NUM> LPI systems. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.

It is noteworthy that, in the present disclosure, a <NUM>-tone regular RU may be interchangeably denoted as RU26, a <NUM>-tone regular RU may be interchangeably denoted as RU52, a <NUM>-tone regular RU may be interchangeably denoted as RU106, a <NUM>-tone regular RU may be interchangeably denoted as RU242, and so on. Moreover, an aggregate (<NUM>+<NUM>)-tone regular MRU may be interchangeably denoted as MRU78, an aggregate (<NUM>+<NUM>)-tone regular MRU may be interchangeably denoted as MRU132, and so on. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU may be interchangeably denoted as dRU26, a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU may be interchangeably denoted as dRU52, a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU may be interchangeably denoted as dRU106, a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU may be interchangeably denoted as dRU242, and so on. Additionally, an aggregate (<NUM>+<NUM>)-tone distributed-tone MRU may be interchangeably denoted as dMRU78, an aggregate (<NUM>+<NUM>)-tone distributed-tone MRU may be interchangeably denoted as dMRU132, and so on. Since the above examples are merely illustrative examples and not an exhaustive listing of all possibilities, the same applies to regular RUs, distributed-tone RUs, MRUs, and distributed-tone MRUs of different sizes (or different number of tones). It is also noteworthy that, in the present disclosure, a bandwidth of <NUM> may be interchangeably denoted as BW20, a bandwidth of <NUM> may be interchangeably denoted as BW40, a bandwidth of <NUM> may be interchangeably denoted as BW80, a bandwidth of <NUM> may be interchangeably denoted as BW160, a bandwidth of <NUM> may be interchangeably denoted as BW240, and a bandwidth of <NUM> may be interchangeably denoted as BW320.

Referring to <FIG>, network environment <NUM> may involve a communication entity <NUM> and a communication entity <NUM> communicating wirelessly (e.g., in a WLAN in accordance with one or more IEEE <NUM> standards). For instance, communication entity <NUM> may be a first STA and communication entity <NUM> may be a second STA, with each of the first STA and second STA functioning an access point (AP) or a non-AP STA. Under various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure, communication entity <NUM> and communication entity <NUM> may be configured to communicate wirelessly with design simplifications for distributed-tone RUs in <NUM> LPI systems, as described herein.

Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, given a distribution bandwidth and a logical RU size, a distributed-tone RU (herein interchangeably denoted as interleaved RU and/or interlaced RU) may be generated from a corresponding "base tone set" simply by a shift, which may be expressed as follows: <MAT>.

Here, r denotes a logical RU index, r = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nru; k denotes a subcarrier index, k = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. Nst; Nru denotes a number of logical RUs of the given logical RU size within the given bandwidth (e.g., in BW20, Nru = <NUM> for RU26 and Nru = <NUM> for RU52); Nst denotes a total number of subcarriers (including both data tones and pilot tones) corresponding to the logical RU size (e.g., Nst = <NUM> for RU26, Nst = <NUM> for RU52 and Nst = <NUM> for RU106); ktd_base denotes a base tone set (vector) corresponding to a given bandwidth and a logical RU size; kshift denotes a shifting value (vector); and Ktd denotes a subcarrier index after tone distribution. Accordingly, adjacent tones of a logical RU (e.g., RU26 over a <NUM> bandwidth) may be spread or otherwise distributed over a wider bandwidth (e.g., <NUM>, <NUM> or <NUM>). Advantageously, multiple tones (e.g., <NUM> tones of RU26) may be distributed to achieve, for example, at least one tone per <NUM> bandwidth in a distribution bandwidth.

In some cases, the base tone set ktd_base may be generated by (<NUM>) first performing a logical RU index r to a distributed RU mapping to result in a distributed RU index output i = π(r), and then (<NUM>) performing distributed-tone RU index generation based on i. For example, for BW20, i = (<NUM>(r - <NUM>)) mod <NUM> + <NUM>, where r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. , <NUM>, and π( ) denotes a mapping or permutation function.

Under the proposed scheme, with respect to tone distribution over BW20 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU26) base set, ktd_base = [<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], kshift = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. With respect to tone distribution over BW20 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU52) base set, ktd_base = [v, v+<NUM>], v = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], kshift = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>. With respect to tone distribution over BW20 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU106) base set, ktd_base = [v, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>], v = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], kshift = [<NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>.

Under the proposed scheme, with respect to tone distribution over BW40 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU26) base set, ktd_base = [<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], kshift = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. With respect to tone distribution over BW40 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU52) base set, ktd_base = [v, v+<NUM>], v = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], kshift = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. With respect to tone distribution over BW40 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU106) base set, ktd_base = [v, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>], v = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], kshift = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>.

Under the proposed scheme, with respect to tone distribution over BW80 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU26) base set, ktd_base = [<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], kshift = [U1, U1+<NUM>, U2, U2+<NUM>], U1 = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], U2 = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. With respect to tone distribution over BW80 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU52) base set, ktd_base = [v, v+<NUM>], v = [<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], kshift = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. With respect to tone distribution over BW80 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU106) base set, ktd_base = [v, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>], v = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], kshift = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. With respect to tone distribution over BW80 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU242) base set, ktd_base = [v1, v1+<NUM>, <NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>, <NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>, <NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>, v2, v2+<NUM>, <NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>] for r = <NUM>, <NUM>, ktd_base = [v2-<NUM>, v2-<NUM>+<NUM>, <NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>, v1+<NUM>, v1+<NUM>+<NUM>, <NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>, <NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>, <NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>] for r = <NUM>, <NUM>, v1 = [<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], v2 = [<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM><NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], kshift = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>.

Under the proposed scheme, with respect to tone distribution over BW160 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU26) base set, ktd_base = [<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], kshift = [U, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>], U = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM> NaN <NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>] with NaN indicating to skip middle RU26 in each <NUM>, r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. With respect to tone distribution over BW160 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU52) base set, ktd_base = [v, v+<NUM>], v = [<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], kshift = [U, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>], U = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. With respect to tone distribution over BW160 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU106) base set, ktd_base = [v, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>], v = [<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], kshift = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. With respect to tone distribution over BW160 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU242) base set, ktd_base = [v, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>], v = [<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], kshift = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. With respect to tone distribution over BW160 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU484) base set, ktd_base = [v, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>], v = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], kshift = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>.

Under the proposed scheme, with respect to tone distribution over BW320 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU26) base set, ktd_base = [<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], kshift = [U2, U2+<NUM>, U2+<NUM>, U2+<NUM>, U2+<NUM>, U2+<NUM>, U2+<NUM>, U2+<NUM>], U2 = [U1 U1+<NUM>] U1 = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM> NaN <NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>] with NaN indicating to skip middle RU26 in each <NUM>, r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. With respect to tone distribution over BW320 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU52) base set, ktd_base = [v, v+<NUM>], v = [<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], kshift = [U, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>], U = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. With respect to tone distribution over BW320 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU106) base set, ktd_base = [v, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>], v = [<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], kshift = [U, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>, U+<NUM>], U = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. With respect to tone distribution over BW320 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU242) base set, ktd_base = [v, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>], v = [<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], kshift = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. With respect to tone distribution over BW320 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU484) base set, ktd_base = [v, v+<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, v+<NUM>*<NUM>, <NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], v = [<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>], kshift = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. With respect to tone distribution over BW320 for a <NUM>-tone distributed-tone RU (dRU996) base set, ktd_base = [v2, v2+<NUM>, v2+<NUM>*<NUM>, v2+<NUM>*<NUM>, v2+<NUM>*<NUM>, v2+<NUM>*<NUM>, v2+<NUM>*<NUM>, v2+<NUM>*<NUM>, v1(<NUM>:end)+<NUM>, v1(<NUM>:<NUM>)+<NUM>], v1 = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], v2 = [v1 v1+<NUM> v1+<NUM>*<NUM> v1+<NUM>*<NUM> v1+<NUM>*<NUM> v1+<NUM>*<NUM><NUM>], kshift = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>] except for kshift = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>] when tone-index = [<NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM><NUM>], r = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates an example table <NUM> summarizing various scenarios under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Referring to <FIG>, each of the numbers shown in table <NUM> represent the number of tones in <NUM> through a sliding window for a logical RU distributed over a given bandwidth (herein referred to as "distributing bandwidth" or "distribution bandwidth"). Under the proposed, a distributed-tone RU may be generated or operated in one of the various scenarios summarized in table <NUM>. In a first scenario, the operational region is highlighted or shaded in table <NUM>, both distributed RUs (dRUs) and distributed MRUs (dMRUs) are supported. In a second scenario, applicable logical RUs may be limited to RU26, RU52 and RU106 for distribution BW20, applicable logical RUs may be limited to RU26, RU52, RU106 and RU242 for distribution BW40, applicable logical RUs may be limited to RU26, RU52, RU106, RU242 and RU484 for distribution BW80. In a third scenario, applicable logical RUs may be limited to RU26, RU52, RU106,RU242 and RU484, and the distribution bandwidths may be limited up to BW80 (or RU996). In a fourth scenario, applicable logical RUs may be limited to RU26, RU52,RU106,RU242 and RU484, and the distribution bandwidths may be limited up to BW160 (or RU2x996). In a fifth scenario, applicable logical RUs may be limited to RU26, RU52, MRU78, RU106, MRU132 ,RU242 and RU484 with tone distribution applicable for BW80 (or RU996) but not applicable for other bandwidths. In a sixth scenario, applicable logical RUs may be limited to RU52, RU106, RU242 and RU484 with tone distribution applicable for BW80 (or RU996) but not applicable for other bandwidths.

<FIG> illustrates an example table <NUM> summarizing various scenarios under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Referring to <FIG>, each of the numbers shown in table <NUM> represent the number of tones in <NUM> through a sliding window for a logical RU distributed over a distribution bandwidth. Under the proposed, a distributed-tone RU may be operated in one of the various scenarios summarized in table <NUM>. In a first scenario, the operational region is highlighted or shaded in table <NUM>. In a second scenario, all logical RUs up to RU996 may be applicable, with no limitation on the distribution bandwidths up to BW320 (or RU4*<NUM>).

Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, given a distribution bandwidth and a logical RU size, a distributed-tone RU may be generated from a formula as follows: <MAT>.

Here, Np denotes a periodicity; li denotes a tone distribution pattern during the periodicity; i = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , L - <NUM>; <MAT>; k = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nst_ru - <NUM>; r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nru, with r being the logical RU index. Moreover, li ∈ Ωru = { l<NUM>, l<NUM>,. , lL-<NUM>}; L = | Ωru | ; Nst_ru = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> for RU26, RU52, RU106, RU242, RU484, RU996, respectively. Under the proposed scheme, RUstart(r) represents the first or starting tone index for dRUr; li represents the tones within one repetition distance or one repetition period; Np represents the repetition distance or repetition period; L represents the number of tones within one repetition distance or one repetition period; Nst_ru represents the number of subcarriers for a dRU; and Nru represents the number of RUs for a given RU size in a given bandwidth. <FIG> illustrates an example table <NUM> summarizing the number of RUs for various RU sizes versus various bandwidths under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.

Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, two design options may be undertaken. A first option (Option A) may be a simple design that may achieve perfectly uniform tone distribution and also may achieve a suboptimal or optimal power boost performance, with some limitations. A second option (Option B) may provide optimal scheduling flexibilities and may achieve an optimal power boost performance.

Under the proposed scheme, for BW20, the first option may entail supportingRU26, RU52 and RU106 without supporting other (e.g., larger) RUs or MRUs, with tones uniformly distributed to achieve optimal or suboptimal performance. For BW40, the first option may entail supporting RU26, RU52, RU106 and RU242 without supporting other (e.g., larger) RUs or MRUs, with tones uniformly distributed to achieve optimal or suboptimal performance. For BW80, the first option may entail supporting RU26, RU52, RU106,RU242 and RU484 without supporting other (e.g., larger) RUs or MRUs, with tones uniformly distributed to achieve optimal performance. For BW160, the first option may entail supporting RU52, RU106, RU242,RU484 and RU996 without supporting other RUs or MRUs, with tones uniformly distributed to achieve optimal performance. For BW320, the first option may entail supporting RU106, RU242, RU484 and RU996 without supporting other (e.g., smaller) RUs or MRUs, with tones uniformly distributed to achieve optimal performance.

<FIG> illustrates an example scenario <NUM> under the proposed scheme. Part (A) of <FIG> shows a summary of parameters for tone distribution design under the first option for BW20. Part (B) of <FIG> shows a summary of parameters for tone distribution design under the first option for BW40. <FIG> illustrates an example scenario <NUM> under the proposed scheme. Part (A) of <FIG> shows a summary of parameters for tone distribution design under the first option for BW80 in case of no support of <NUM>-tone dRU. Part (B) of <FIG> shows a summary of parameters for tone distribution design under the first option for BW80 in case of support or no support for <NUM>-tone dRU. <FIG> illustrates an example scenario <NUM> under the proposed scheme. Part (A) of <FIG> shows a summary of parameters for tone distribution design under the first option for BW160. Part (B) of <FIG> shows a summary of parameters for tone distribution design under the first option for BW320.

Under the proposed scheme, for BW20, the second option may entail supporting all RUs and small MRUs to achieve optimal performance. For BW40, the second option may entail supporting all RUs and small MRUs to achieve optimal performance. For BW80, the second option may entail supporting all RUs and small MRUs to achieve optimal performance. For BW160, the second option may entail supporting all RUs and small MRUs to achieve optimal performance. For BW320, the second option may entail supporting all RUs and small MRUs to achieve optimal performance. The distributed MRUs may be generated from the corresponding distributed RUs.

<FIG> illustrates an example scenario <NUM> under the proposed scheme. Part (A) of <FIG> shows a summary of parameters for tone distribution design under the second option for BW20, Part (B) of <FIG> shows an alternative example of parameters for tone distribution design under the second option for BW20,. Part (C) of <FIG> shows a summary of parameters for tone distribution design under the second option for BW40. <FIG> illustrates an example scenario <NUM> under the proposed scheme. Specifically, <FIG> shows a summary of parameters for tone distribution design under the second option for BW80. <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG> each illustrates an alternative example scenarios 1000A, 1000B, 1000C and 1000D under the proposed scheme, respectively. Specifically, each of <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG> shows a respective summary of parameters for tone distribution design under the second option for BW80. <FIG> illustrates an example scenario <NUM> under the proposed scheme. Specifically, <FIG> shows a summary of parameters for tone distribution design under the second option for BW160. <FIG> illustrates an example scenario <NUM> under the proposed scheme. Specifically, <FIG> shows a summary of parameters for tone distribution design under the second option for BW320.

Alternative design methods and/or equations are presented below, not falling within the scope of the claims, to generate tone distributions. Under a first option (Option A) of the proposed scheme, assuming that tone distribution is applied on BW80, but not other bandwidths, for RU52, RU106, RU242 and RU484, then the tone distribution may be further simplified to achieve perfectly and evenly distributed tones based on an alternative formula, expressed as follows: <MAT>.

Here, j = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nst - <NUM>, and r = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. Moreover, Dtd denotes a tone separation distance, Dtd = <NUM> for RU52, Dtd = <NUM> for RU106, Dtd = <NUM> for RU242, and Dtd = <NUM> for RU484. Furthermore, RUstart may be the same as that shown in <FIG>.

Similarly, under the first option of the proposed scheme, assuming that tone distribution is applied on BW160, but not other bandwidths, for RU106, RU242, RU484 and RU996, or that that tone distribution is applied on BW320, but not other bandwidths, for RU242, RU484 and RU996, then the alternative formula shown above may also be utilized to generate tone distributions. Specifically, for BW160, Dtd = <NUM> for RU106, Dtd = <NUM> for RU242, Dtd = <NUM> for RU484, and Dtd = <NUM> for RU996. Furthermore, for BW320, Dtd = <NUM> for RU242, Dtd = <NUM> for RU484, and Dtd = <NUM> for RU996. Moreover, RUstart may be the same as that shown in <FIG>.

Under the first option of the proposed scheme, in an event that additional small RUs on larger bandwidths are supported (e.g., RU26 on BW80, RU26 or RU52 on BW160), then two approaches may be applied. In a first approach, a larger Dtd may be used in the alternative formula shown above. For instance, Dtd = <NUM> may be used for RU26 distributed on BW80, but with limitation of up to <NUM> RU26's. Similarly, Dtd = <NUM> may be used for RU52 distributed on BW160 and for RU106 distributed on BW320, but without limitation. In a second approach, a smaller Dtd (e.g., Dtd = <NUM>) may be used for small RUs (e.g., RU26, RU52 and RU106) on larger bandwidths. In such cases, the small RU may be distributed within a "segment" by using the following formula: <MAT>.

Here, Nseg denotes the frequency segment size which is defined with number of tones, Nseg = <NUM> or <NUM>.

Under a second option (Option B) of such alternative design methods, another alternative approach may be utilized to generate distributed-tone RUs by using the following formula: <MAT>.

Here, j = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nst - <NUM>, r = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nru, Npsf denotes a periodicity of tone shift, and Ntsf denotes a number of tones per shift. <FIG> illustrates an example scenario <NUM> under the proposed scheme. Specifically, <FIG> shows a summary of parameters for tone distribution design under the second option for BW20, BW40 and BW80.

<FIG> illustrates an example system <NUM> having at least an example apparatus <NUM> and an example apparatus <NUM> in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of apparatus <NUM> and apparatus <NUM> may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes and methods described herein pertaining to design simplification for distributed-tone RUs in <NUM> LPI systems, including the various schemes described above with respect to various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above as well as processes described below. For instance, apparatus <NUM> may be an example implementation of communication entity <NUM>, and apparatus <NUM> may be an example implementation of communication entity <NUM>.

Each of apparatus <NUM> and apparatus <NUM> may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a STA or an AP, such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, each of apparatus <NUM> and apparatus <NUM> may be implemented in a smartphone, a smart watch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Each of apparatus <NUM> and apparatus <NUM> may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT apparatus such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, each of apparatus <NUM> and apparatus <NUM> may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. When implemented in or as a network apparatus, apparatus <NUM> and/or apparatus <NUM> may be implemented in a network node, such as an AP in a WLAN.

In some implementations, each of apparatus <NUM> and apparatus <NUM> may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multicore processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. In the various schemes described above, each of apparatus <NUM> and apparatus <NUM> may be implemented in or as a STA or an AP. Each of apparatus <NUM> and apparatus <NUM> may include at least some of those components shown in <FIG>. They include a processor <NUM> and a processor <NUM>, respectively. Each of apparatus <NUM> and apparatus <NUM> may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and/or user interface device), and, thus, such component(s) of apparatus <NUM> and apparatus <NUM> are neither shown in <FIG> nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.

In one aspect, each of processor <NUM> and processor <NUM> may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multicore processors, one or more RISC processors or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term "a processor" is used herein to refer to processor <NUM> and processor <NUM>, each of processor <NUM> and processor <NUM> may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor <NUM> and processor <NUM> may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and/or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor <NUM> and processor <NUM> is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks including those pertaining to design simplification for distributed-tone RUs in <NUM> LPI systems in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure. For instance, each of processor <NUM> and processor <NUM> may be configured with hardware components, or circuitry, implementing one, some or all of the examples described and illustrated herein.

Apparatus <NUM> includes a transceiver <NUM> coupled to processor <NUM>. Transceiver <NUM> is capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. The transceiver is coupled to processor <NUM>. Transceiver <NUM> may include a transceiver capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data.

Each of apparatus <NUM> and apparatus <NUM> may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, a description of capabilities of apparatus <NUM>, as communication entity <NUM>, and apparatus <NUM>, as communication entity <NUM>, is provided below. It is noteworthy that, although the example implementations described below are provided in the context of WLAN, the same may be implemented in other types of networks. Thus, although the following description of example implementations pertains to a scenario in which receiving device, the same is also applicable to another scenario in which apparatus <NUM> functions as a receiving device and apparatus <NUM> functions as a transmitting device.

Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure with respect to design simplification for distributed-tone RUs in <NUM> LPI systems, processor <NUM> of apparatus <NUM> may perform tone distribution with a logical RU and MRU size over a bandwidth to generate a distributed-tone RU and a distributed-tone MRU. Additionally, processor <NUM> may communicate wirelessly, via transceiver <NUM>, with apparatus <NUM> using the distributed-tone RU and the distributed-tone MRU in a <NUM> LPI system.

In some implementations, in performing the tone distribution, processor <NUM> may generate the distributed-tone RU by applying a shift to a base tone set and generate the distributed-tone MRU from corresponding distributed-tone RUs. In some implementations, generation of the distributed-tone RU may be expressed as: Ktd = ktd_base(k) + kshift(r). In such cases, r may denote a logical RU index, r = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nru; k may denote a subcarrier index, k = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. Nst; Nru may denote a number of logical RUs of the logical RU size within the bandwidth; Nst may denote a total number of subcarriers including both data tones and pilot tones corresponding to the logical RU size; ktd_base may denote a base tone set corresponding to the bandwidth and the logical RU size; kshift may denote a shifting value or vector; and Ktd may denote a subcarrier index after the tone distribution.

In some implementations, in performing the tone distribution, processor <NUM> may perform the tone distribution with the logical RU and MRU size being limited to a size equal to or less than <NUM> tones with the bandwidth being limited up to <NUM>.

In some implementations, in performing the tone distribution, processor <NUM> may perform the tone distribution with the logical RU and MRU size being limited to <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> tones with the distribution bandwidth being <NUM>.

In some implementations, in performing the tone distribution, processor <NUM> may perform the tone distribution with the logical RU and MRU size being limited to <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> tones with a distribution bandwidth being <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> tones with the distribution bandwidth being <NUM>, and <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> tones with the distribution bandwidth being <NUM>.

In some implementations, in performing the tone distribution, processor <NUM> may perform the tone distribution with the logical RU and MRU size being limited to <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>(<NUM>+<NUM>), <NUM>, <NUM>(<NUM>+<NUM>), <NUM> and <NUM> tones with the distribution bandwidth being <NUM>.

In some implementations, generation of the distributed-tone RU may be expressed as: Krd(k) = RUstart(r) + li + j * Np. In such cases, RUstart(r) may denote a first or starting tone index for the distributed-tone RU; Np may denote a periodicity; i = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , L - <NUM>; <MAT>; k = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nst_ru - <NUM>; r may denote a logical RU index, with r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nru; li may denote a tone distribution pattern during the periodicity, with li ∈ Ωru = { l<NUM>, l<NUM>,. , IL-<NUM>}; L may denote a number of tones within one repetition distance or one repetition period, with L = | Ωru |; Nru may denote a number of logical RUs of the logical RU size within the bandwidth; and Nst_ru may denote a number of subcarriers for the distributed-tone RU, with Nst_ru = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> for a <NUM>-tone RU, a <NUM>-tone RU, a <NUM>-tone RU, a <NUM>-tone RU, a <NUM>-tone RU and a <NUM>-tone RU, respectively. In such cases, the distributed-tone MRU may be generated from corresponding distributed-tone RUs.

In an alternative not covered by the claims generation of the distributed-tone RU may be expressed as: Ktd = RUstart(r) + j * Dtd. In such cases, RUstart(r) may denote a first or starting tone index for the distributed-tone RU; j = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nst - <NUM>; r may denote a logical RU index, with r = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nru; Dtd may denote a tone separation distance; Nru may denote a number of logical RUs of the logical RU size within the bandwidth; and Nst may denote a total number of subcarriers including both data tones and pilot tones corresponding to the logical RU size.

In some implementations, generation of the distributed-tone RU may be expressed as: <MAT>. In such cases, RUstart(r) may denote a first or starting tone index for the distributed-tone RU; j = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nst - <NUM>; r may denote a logical RU index, with r = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nru; Dtd may denote a tone separation distance; Nru may denote a number of logical RUs of the logical RU size within the bandwidth; Nst may denote a total number of subcarriers including both data tones and pilot tones corresponding to the logical RU size; and Nseg may denote a frequency segment size, with Nseg = <NUM> or <NUM>.

In an alternative not covered by the claims, generation of the distributed-tone RU may be expressed as: <MAT>. In such cases, RUstart(r) may denote a first or starting tone index for the distributed-tone RU; j = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nst - <NUM>; r may denote a logical RU index, with r = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nru; Dtd may denote a tone separation distance; Nru may denote a number of logical RUs of the logical RU size within the bandwidth; Nst may denote a total number of subcarriers including both data tones and pilot tones corresponding to the logical RU size; Npsf may denote a periodicity of tone shift; and Ntsf may denote a number of tones per shift.

<FIG> illustrates an example process <NUM> in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process <NUM> may represent an aspect of implementing various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above. More specifically, process <NUM> may represent an aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes pertaining to design simplification for distributed-tone RUs in <NUM> LPI systems in accordance with the present disclosure. Process <NUM> may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks <NUM> and <NUM>. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process <NUM> may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks/sub-blocks of process <NUM> may be executed in the order shown in <FIG> or, alternatively in a different order. Furthermore, one or more of the blocks/sub-blocks of process <NUM> may be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process <NUM> may be implemented by or in apparatus <NUM> and apparatus <NUM> as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limiting the scope, process <NUM> is described below in the context of apparatus <NUM> as communication entity <NUM> (e.g., a transmitting device whether a STA or an AP) and apparatus <NUM> as communication entity <NUM> (e.g., a receiving device whether a STA or an AP) of a wireless network such as a WLAN in accordance with one or more of IEEE <NUM> standards. Process <NUM> may begin at block <NUM>.

At <NUM>, process <NUM> includes processor <NUM> of apparatus <NUM> performing tone distribution with a logical RU and MRU size over a bandwidth to generate a distributed-tone RU and a distributed-tone MRU. Process <NUM> may proceed from <NUM> to <NUM>.

At <NUM>, process <NUM> includes processor <NUM> communicating wirelessly, via transceiver <NUM>, with apparatus <NUM> using the distributed-tone RU and the distributed-tone MRU in a <NUM> LPI system.

In performing the tone distribution, process <NUM> includes processor <NUM> generating the distributed-tone RU by applying a shift to a base tone set as well as generating the distributed-tone MRU from corresponding distributed-tone RUs. In an alternative not covered by the claims, generation of the distributed-tone RU may be expressed as: Ktd = ktd_base(k) + kshift(r). In such cases, r may denote a logical RU index, r = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nru; k may denote a subcarrier index, k = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. Nst; Nru may denote a number of logical RUs of the logical RU size within the bandwidth; Nst may denote a total number of subcarriers including both data tones and pilot tones corresponding to the logical RU size; ktd_base may denote a base tone set corresponding to the bandwidth and the logical RU size; kshift may denote a shifting value or vector; and Ktd may denote a subcarrier index after the tone distribution.

In performing the tone distribution, process <NUM> includes processor <NUM> performing the tone distribution with the logical RU and MRU size being limited to a size equal to or less than <NUM> tones with the bandwidth being limited up to <NUM>.

In performing the tone distribution, process <NUM> includes processor <NUM> performing the tone distribution with the logical RU and MRU size being limited to <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> tones with the bandwidth being <NUM>.

In some implementations, in performing the tone distribution, process <NUM> may involve processor <NUM> performing the tone distribution with the logical RU and MRU size being limited to <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> tones with a distribution bandwidth being <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> tones with the distribution bandwidth being <NUM>, and <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> tones with the distribution bandwidth being <NUM>.

In performing the tone distribution, process <NUM> includes processor <NUM> performing the tone distribution with the logical RU and MRU size being limited to <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>(<NUM>+<NUM>), <NUM>, <NUM>(<NUM>+<NUM>), <NUM> and <NUM> tones with the distribution bandwidth being <NUM>.

In performing the tone distribution, process <NUM> includes processor <NUM> performing the tone distribution with the logical RU and MRU size being limited to a size equal to or less than <NUM> tones with the distribution bandwidth being limited up to <NUM>.

Generation of the distributed-tone RU may be expressed as: Krd(k) = RUstart(r) + li + j * Np. In such cases, RUstart(r) may denote a first or starting tone index for the distributed-tone RU; Np may denote a periodicity; i = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , L- <NUM>; <MAT>; k= <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nst_ru - <NUM>; r may denote a logical RU index, with r = <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nru; li may denote a tone distribution pattern during the periodicity, with li ∈ Ωru = { l<NUM>, l<NUM>,. , lL-<NUM>}; Z may denote a number of tones within one repetition distance or one repetition period, with L = | Ωru |; Nru may denote a number of logical RUs of the logical RU size within the bandwidth; and Nst_ru may denote a number of subcarriers for the distributed-tone RU, with Nst_ru = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> for a <NUM>-tone RU, a <NUM>-tone RU, a <NUM>-tone RU, a <NUM>-tone RU, a <NUM>-tone RU and a <NUM>-tone RU, respectively. In such cases, the distributed-tone MRU may be generated from corresponding distributed-tone RUs.

In alternatives not covered by the claims generation of the distributed-tone RU may be expressed as: Ktd = RUstart(r) + j * Dtd. In such cases, RUstart(r) may denote a first or starting tone index for the distributed-tone RU; j = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nst - <NUM>; r may denote a logical RU index, with r = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nru; Dtd may denote a tone separation distance; Nru may denote a number of logical RUs of the logical RU size within the bandwidth; and Nst may denote a total number of subcarriers including both data tones and pilot tones corresponding to the logical RU size.

In alternatives not covered by the claims generation of the distributed-tone RU may be expressed as: <MAT>. In such cases, RUstart(r) may denote a first or starting tone index for the distributed-tone RU; j = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nst - <NUM>; r may denote a logical RU index, with r = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nru; Dtd may denote a tone separation distance; Nru may denote a number of logical RUs of the logical RU size within the bandwidth; Nst may denote a total number of subcarriers including both data tones and pilot tones corresponding to the logical RU size; and Nseg may denote a frequency segment size, with Nseg = <NUM> or <NUM>.

In alternatives not covered by the claims generation of the distributed-tone RU may be expressed as: <MAT>. In such cases, RUstart(r) may denote a first or starting tone index for the distributed-tone RU; j = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nst - <NUM>; r may denote a logical RU index, with r = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>,. , Nru; Dtd may denote a tone separation distance; Nru may denote a number of logical RUs of the logical RU size within the bandwidth; Nst may denote a total number of subcarriers including both data tones and pilot tones corresponding to the logical RU size; Npsf may denote a periodicity of tone shift; and Ntsf may denote a number of tones per shift.

Claim 1:
A method, comprising:
performing tone distribution with a logical resource unit and multi resource unit size, also referred to as logical RU and MRU size, wherein a resource unit is also referred to as RU, a multi resource unit is also referred to as multi-RU or MRU, over a bandwidth to generate a distributed-tone RU, in the following also referred to as dRU, and a distributed-tone MRU, in the following also referred to as dMRU, (<NUM>); and
communicating wirelessly using the distributed-tone RU and the distributed-tone MRU in a <NUM> low-power indoor, in the following also referred to as LPI, system (<NUM>),
characterized in that the generating of the distributed-tone RU is expressed as: <MAT> and wherein:
RUstart(r) denotes a first or starting tone index for the distributed-tone RU,
Np denotes a periodicity,
i = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, ..., L - <NUM>, <MAT>,
k = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, ..., Nst_ru - <NUM>,
r denotes a logical RU index, with r = <NUM>, <NUM>, ..., Nru,
li denotes a tone distribution pattern during the periodicity, with li ∈ Ωru = { l<NUM>, l<NUM>, ..., lL-<NUM>},
L denotes a number of tones within one repetition distance or one repetition period, with L = | Ωru | ,
Nru denotes a number of logical RUs of the logical RU and MRU size within the bandwidth,
Nst_ru denotes a number of subcarriers for the distributed-tone RU, with Nst_ru = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> for a <NUM>-tone RU, a <NUM>-tone RU, a <NUM>-tone RU, a <NUM>-tone RU, a <NUM>-tone RU and a <NUM>-tone RU, respectively, and
the distributed-tone MRU is generated from corresponding distributed-tone RUs.