Patent Description:
The following relates generally to wireless communication, and more specifically to numerology dependent signal transmission.

Examples of such multiple-access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, (e.g., a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system). A wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of base stations, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE).

A wireless communications system may use different spectrum bands for supporting communication between a base station and a UE. The spectrum bands may be, for example, in a range between <NUM> and <NUM> megahertz (MHz) (e.g., in an LTE system) to between <NUM> and <NUM> gigahertz (GHz) (e.g., in a millimeter wave (mmW) system), among others. When communicating with a UE, a base station may modulate data based on a modulation and coding scheme (MCS). The modulated data may then be mapped to sub-carriers in the frequency domain known as tones and resources in the time domain known as symbols. Each tone may be associated with a frequency and each symbol may have a corresponding symbol duration. While UEs and base stations in a multiple-access communications system may support different spectrum bands, using the same or similar tone spacing, number of symbols, and symbol durations for communication in different spectrum bands may result in inter-symbol interference, a lack of signal reception (e.g., due to the Doppler effect), or may have other deleterious effects on receptions and transmissions.

<CIT> relates to wireless communications, and, in particular embodiments, to systems and methods for transmitting different waveforms using flexible sub-carrier spacing and symbol duration. In some particular embodiments, the waveforms are orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) waveforms having different parameters. Thereby, different MAB sizes can be defined. For example, a smaller MAB can be used for common channels (e.g., synchronization channel, common broadcast channel), while larger MAB can be used by individual channels (e.g., UE specific data channels).

<NPL>) discusses some issues related to resource allocation of NB-PUSCH, e.g. NB-PRB definition, NB-PRB allocation, and repetition. With adaptive subcarrier spacing for different coverage levels, a smaller number of repetitions may be sufficient with a lower coding rate. A repetition number can be directly indicated by Repetition Number (RN) field in DCI.

<CIT> is directed to different numerology for signal transmission. A tone spacing scheme may indicate a number of different tone spacings that may be applied to different types of communication channels and that a characteristic of signal may indicate the tone spacing scheme. The number of repetitions may indicate a nominal subcarrier spacing (e.g., <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), which may be designated as the subcarrier spacing or of a given tone spacing scheme used for a particular stage, channel, or signal type, etc..

The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, or apparatuses that support numerology dependent signal transmission. Generally, the described techniques provide for varying tone spacing for transmission or reception of a signal. The tone spacing may vary depending on the spectrum band used to transmit the signal. The tone spacing may also depend on the signal type such that the same type of signal may be transmitted with one tone spacing in a first spectrum band, but transmitted with a different tone spacing in a second spectrum band.

Based on the tone spacing, a number of repetitions, a number of symbols, or a symbol duration for transmitting or receiving a signal may be determined. The number of repetitions may indicate the number of times a signal is transmitted using resources allocated for transmission of the signal. The number of symbols may indicate the number of symbols used for transmission of the signal and the symbol duration may indicate the length (in time) of each of the number of symbols. In some examples, the determined number of repetitions, the determined number of symbols, or the determined symbol duration may vary depending on the spectrum band used for communication or the signal type being transmitted or received.

The invention is described by the combination of the embodiments related to <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>.

Some wireless communications systems (e.g., a Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system or a millimeter wave (mmW) system) may employ a fixed tone spacing for all spectrum bands supported by the system. For instance, in an LTE/LTE-A system, the tone spacing may be the reciprocal of the symbol duration and may be selected in order to avoid or mitigate blurring caused by the Doppler shift and to maintain orthogonality between tones.

As the center frequency of different spectrum bands increases, however, having a higher tone spacing may help mitigate phase noise experienced when communicating at higher frequencies. Accordingly, in some examples, a wireless communications system may support spectrum bands having different tone spacings. The tone spacing may be predetermined or based on each spectrum band. Additionally or alternatively, the tone spacing may be dictated by the type of signal to be communicated. For example, some control channels may be transmitted using a first tone spacing, while some reference signals may be transmitted using a second tone spacing different from the first tone spacing used for transmission of the control channels.

In some examples, a number of repetitions, a number of symbols, or a symbol duration associated with transmission of a signal may be determined based on the tone spacing. The number of repetitions may be used to determine how many times a signal is transmitted using resources allocated for transmission, while the number of symbols and the symbol duration may be used to determine the number of symbols and the length of each symbol that the signal transmission spans.

In some examples, the number of repetitions, number of symbols, or symbol duration may be indicated to a user equipment (UE) by a base station. For instance, the number of repetitions, number of symbols, or symbol duration may be transmitted to the UE using a radio resource control (RRC) channel or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). In some instances, indication of the number of repetitions, number of symbols, or symbol duration may be transmitted to the UE using reserved bits of downlink control information (DCI) of a PDCCH.

Accordingly, aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of a wireless communication system. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to numerology dependent signal transmission.

<FIG> illustrates an example of a wireless communications system <NUM> in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system <NUM> includes base stations <NUM>, UEs <NUM>, and a core network <NUM>. In some examples, the wireless communications system <NUM> may be an LTE (or LTE-A) system. The wireless communications system <NUM> may support numerology dependent signal transmissions by varying tone spacing based on spectrum band or signal type, for instance. In some examples, the wireless communications system <NUM> may support communication using a number of repetitions, a number of symbols, or a symbol duration determined based on the tone spacing or signaling information of a control channel (e.g., a PDCCH or a radio resource control (RRC) channel).

Each base station <NUM> may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area <NUM>. Communication links <NUM> shown in wireless communications system <NUM> may include uplink (UL) transmissions from a UE <NUM> to a base station <NUM>, or downlink (DL) transmissions, from a base station <NUM> to a UE <NUM>. A UE <NUM> may also be referred to as a mobile station, a subscriber station, a remote unit, a wireless device, an access terminal (AT), a handset, a user agent, a client, or like terminology. A UE <NUM> may also be a cellular phone, a wireless modem, a handheld device, a personal computer, a tablet, a personal electronic device, a machine-type communication (MTC) device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc. In one aspect, a UE <NUM> may be a device that includes a Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC). In another aspect, a UE <NUM> may be a device that does not include a UICC but nevertheless may have much of the same functionalities as a mobile station or mobile terminal.

Examples of such multiple-access systems include CDMA systems, TDMA systems, FDMA systems, and OFDMA systems. A wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of base stations, each simultaneously supporting communication for one or more multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as a UE.

<FIG> illustrates an example of a wireless communications system <NUM> for numerology dependent signal transmission. In some cases, wireless communications system <NUM> may represent aspects of techniques performed by a UE <NUM> or base station <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>. The wireless communications system <NUM> may include a base station <NUM>-a that supports communication with multiple UEs <NUM>-a and <NUM>-b over a coverage area <NUM>-a.

As shown, base station <NUM>-a supports bi-directional communication with UE <NUM>-a over communication link <NUM>-a. Communication link <NUM>-a may be associated with a first spectrum band. In DL communication, for example, base station <NUM>-a may transmit a signal to UE <NUM>-a using resources <NUM> (e.g., time, frequency). In some examples, resources <NUM> may represent a nominal symbol associated with communication link <NUM>-a. A nominal symbol may refer to a symbol duration associated with the first spectrum band. For example, in an LTE/LTE-A communications system, a nominal symbol may span a duration of <NUM> microseconds (µs) and may be associated with a tone spacing of <NUM> kilohertz (kHz). It should be understood that <NUM> and <NUM> described herein are for purposes of example only and a nominal symbol may span other durations or may be associated with other tone spacings without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

In some examples, in order to support communication with UE <NUM>-a over communication link <NUM>-a, a base station <NUM>-a may determine a number of repetitions for a signal to be transmitted using resources <NUM>. In this example, the number of repetitions for transmission may be determined to be four and the signal may be transmitted four times using resources <NUM>, as shown. Each transmission in this case would have a symbol duration that is one quarter of the duration associated with resources <NUM>.

Base station <NUM>-a also supports communication with UE <NUM>-b over communication link <NUM>-b. Communication link <NUM>-b may be associated with a second spectrum band different from the first spectrum band associated with communication link <NUM>-a. In DL communication, for example, base station <NUM>-a may transmit a signal to UE <NUM>-b using resources <NUM>. In this case, resources <NUM> may represent a nominal symbol associated with communication link <NUM>-b. In order to support communication with UE <NUM>-b over communication link <NUM>-b, the base station <NUM>-a may determine a number of symbols to be used for transmission based on resources <NUM>. In this example, the signal spans two nominal symbols. In some examples, tone spacing, symbol duration, or nominal symbol duration associated with resources <NUM> may be different from the tone spacing, symbol duration, or nominal symbol duration associated with resources <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrate examples of sub-carriers <NUM> and <NUM> and corresponding spacings that support numerology dependent signal transmission. In some cases, sub-carriers <NUM> and <NUM> may represent aspects of techniques performed by a UE <NUM> or base station <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG> and <FIG>. As shown in <FIG>, tone spacing as well as nominal symbol duration may vary based on signal type or spectrum band.

In <FIG>, Signal Type A may be associated with a tone spacing of <NUM> and may include a control signal (e.g., a PDCCH, an RRC channel), a data signal, or an overhead signal (e.g., a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)). Signal Type B may be associated with a tone spacing of <NUM> and may include a synchronization signal (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization (SSS)), an extended synchronization signal (ESS)), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), a random access channel (RACH), a scheduling request channel, a beam reference signal (BRS), an extended PBCH, or a beam refinement reference signal (BRRS)).

Signal Type A may have a corresponding nominal symbol duration based on the tone spacing. For example, Signal Type A may have a nominal symbol duration of the reciprocal of the tone spacing which is <NUM> in this example. Signal Type B may have a corresponding nominal symbol duration based on the tone spacing, which also may be related to the reciprocal of the tone spacing resulting in a nominal symbol duration of <NUM>.

To support transmission of a Signal Type B using the sub-carriers <NUM> of Signal Type A, a fixed scaling factor may be used based on the tone spacing of Signal Type B. For example, as the tone spacing of Signal Type B is four times the tone spacing of Signal Type A, a Signal Type B may be transmitted four times within the nominal symbol duration of <NUM> associated with Signal Type A.

In <FIG>, Spectrum Band A may be associated with a tone spacing of <NUM> and associated with a first carrier frequency. Spectrum Band A may be used for communication of a control signal (e.g., a PDCCH, an RRC channel), a data signal, or an overhead signal (e.g., a CSI-RS).

Spectrum Band B may be associated with a tone spacing of <NUM> and may be used for communication of a synchronization signal (e.g., a PSS, an SSS), a RACH, a scheduling request channel, a BRS, an extended PBCH, or a BRRS.

Spectrum Band A may have a corresponding nominal symbol duration based on the tone spacing. For example, Spectrum Band A may have a nominal symbol duration of the reciprocal of the tone spacing which is <NUM> in this example. Spectrum Band B may have a corresponding nominal symbol duration based on the tone spacing, which also may be related to the reciprocal of the tone spacing resulting in a nominal symbol duration of <NUM>.

To support transmission on a Spectrum Band B using the sub-carriers <NUM> of Spectrum Band A, a fixed scaling factor may be used based on the tone spacing of Spectrum Band B. For example, as the tone spacing of Spectrum Band B is four times the tone spacing of Spectrum Band A, a signal transmitted using Spectrum Band B may be transmitted four times within the nominal symbol duration of <NUM> associated with Spectrum Band A.

In some cases, however, the symbol duration associated with Spectrum Band B may be too short for a receiver (such as UE <NUM>) to successfully receive the signal and thus, a fixed scaling factor may be inadequate for such transmissions. To account for this, a number of repetitions, a number of symbols, and a symbol duration may be determined based on tone spacing, rather than using a fixed scaling factor for all signal types and for all supported spectrum bands.

It should be understood that the tone spacings and symbols durations described above with reference to <FIG> are for purposes of example only and other tone spacings or symbol durations may be considered without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

<FIG> illustrates an example of a frame structure <NUM> for numerology dependent signal transmission. In some cases, frame structure <NUM> may represent aspects of techniques performed by a UE <NUM> or base station <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>. In <FIG>, a radio frame <NUM> spans <NUM> and includes <NUM> subframes (<NUM> through <NUM>) of <NUM> each. In this example, radio frame <NUM> may be associated with a carrier frequency and may span one or more tones having a given tone spacing. For example, the tone spacing may correspond to a particular spectrum band or wireless communication system such as an LTE/LTE-A or an mmW system. For example, the tone spacing may be identified as <NUM> having a corresponding nominal symbol duration of <NUM>.

The radio frame <NUM> may include resources allocated for transmission of synchronization signals such as PSS/SSS <NUM>. For example, the radio frame <NUM> may allocate <NUM> for PSS/SSS <NUM>. The radio frame <NUM> may also include resources allocated for transmission of other signals <NUM> such as data or overhead signals. Also as shown, the radio frame <NUM> may include resources allocated for a PBCH <NUM> and a RACH <NUM>. For example, the PBCH may be allocated <NUM> and the RACH may be allocated <NUM>.

The repetition of PSS/SSS helps the UE to change its subarray during each transmission and find the best subarray after several repetitions. Based on the tone spacing of <NUM>, a number of repetitions and a number of symbols for transmission of PSS/SSS <NUM> signals may be determined. For example, the combination of the PSS and the SSS may be associated with a scale factor of four due to the tone spacing associated with PSS and SSS signals. For example, the tone spacing associated with PSS and SSS signals may be four times greater than the tone spacing associated with radio frame <NUM> and each of the PSS and SSS may be determined to be a quarter of the nominal symbol duration (or <NUM> nanoseconds (ns)). A cyclic prefix (CP) associated with each transmission of the PSS and the SSS may also be included and based on the determined symbol duration for the PSS or the SSS (in this case, <NUM> ns). As the PSS/SSS <NUM> was allocated <NUM>, it may be determined that the PSS/SSS sequence is repeated <NUM> times based on the determined tone spacing of the radio frame <NUM> and the tone spacing associated with the PSS/SSS <NUM>.

Similarly, as the tone spacing of <NUM> is associated with radio frame <NUM>, a number of repetitions and a number of symbols for transmission of PBCH signals may be determined. For example, the PBCH <NUM> may be associated with a scale factor of four based on the tone spacing associated with the PBCH <NUM>. For example, the tone spacing associated with the PBCH <NUM> may be two times greater than the tone spacing associated with radio frame <NUM> and it may be determined that the PBCH is to be transmitted over half of the nominal symbol duration (or <NUM>). A CP associated with each transmission of the PBCH may also be included and based on the determined symbol duration for the PBCH (in this case, 217ns). As the PBCH <NUM> was allocated <NUM>, it may be determined that the PBCH sequence is repeated <NUM> times based on the determined tone spacing of the radio frame <NUM> and the tone spacing associated with the PBCH <NUM>.

Using the tone spacing of <NUM>, a number of repetitions and a number of symbols for transmission of RACH signals may be determined. For example, the RACH <NUM> may be associated with a scale factor of one eighth based on the tone spacing associated with the RACH <NUM>. For example, the tone spacing associated with the RACH <NUM> may be eight times less than the tone spacing associated with radio frame <NUM> and it may be determined that the RACH <NUM> is to be transmitted over eight nominal symbol durations (or <NUM>). A CP associated with each transmission of the RACH <NUM> may also be included and based on the determined symbol duration for the RACH <NUM> (in this case, <NUM>). As the RACH <NUM> was allocated <NUM>, it may be determined that the RACH sequence is repeated <NUM> times based on the determined tone spacing of the radio frame <NUM> and the tone spacing associated with the RACH <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates an example of a process flow <NUM> for numerology dependent signal transmission. Process flow <NUM> represents aspects of techniques performed by a UE <NUM> or base station <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>.

At <NUM>, base station <NUM>-b identifies a tone spacing for transmission of a signal. To identify the tone spacing, the base station <NUM>-b may identify a spectrum band associated with transmission of the signal at <NUM>-a. The base station <NUM>-b determines a signal type associated with the signal at <NUM>-b in order to identify the tone spacing for transmission. Based on the identified tone spacing, the base station <NUM>-b determines a number of repetitions for transmission of the signal at <NUM>. The number of transmissions may relate to the number of times the signal is to be transmitted over resources allocated for transmission of the signal. The number of repetitions may be based on the determined signal type or the identified spectrum band, or may be based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH). Each of the number of repetitions may also be associated with a duration for transmission of each of the repetitions (i.e., a symbol duration). The duration of the transmission may span multiple nominal symbol durations associated with the identified spectrum band or the determined signal type.

At <NUM>, the base station <NUM>-b transmits the signal to UE <NUM>-c based on the identified tone spacing and the determined number of repetitions. For example, the base station <NUM>-b may transmit the signal multiple times to UE <NUM>-c over resources allocated for communication between the base station <NUM>-b and the UE <NUM>-c. At <NUM>, the base station <NUM>-b transmits a signal to the UE <NUM>-c indicating the number of repetitions, and optionally the identified tone spacing, or the determined signal type. For example, the base station <NUM>-b may transmit an indication to the UE <NUM>-c using an RRC channel or a PDCCH. In some examples, the base station <NUM>-b may reserve bits in downlink control information to be transmitted to the UE <NUM>-c using the PDCCH.

At <NUM>, the UE <NUM>-c identifies the tone spacing associated with reception of the signal. The tone spacing may be identified by identifying the spectrum band at <NUM>-a associated with the signal. The tone spacing is identified based on determining a signal type associated with the signal at <NUM>-b. Using the identified tone spacing, the UE <NUM>-c may determine a number of repetitions associated with reception of the signal at <NUM>. Based on the number of repetitions, the UE <NUM>-c may then determine a receiver algorithm at <NUM>. The determined receiver algorithm may also be based on the identified tone spacing. The receiver algorithm may be used to determine how a receiver should receive the signal transmitted by the base station <NUM>-b.

At <NUM>, the UE <NUM>-c receives the signal transmitted by the base station and in some examples, the UE <NUM>-c combines multiple repetitions at <NUM>-a of the transmitted signal based on the determined number of repetitions or the determined receiver algorithm, or a combination thereof.

While <FIG> illustrates a number of processes, it should be understood that not all of the steps in process flow <NUM> need to be performed or various steps may be performed simultaneously or in a different order than shown and described above.

At <NUM>, base station <NUM>-c identifies a tone spacing for transmission of a signal. To identify the tone spacing, the base station <NUM>-c may identify a spectrum band associated with transmission of the signal at <NUM>-a. The base station <NUM>-c determines a signal type associated with the signal at <NUM>-b in order to identify the tone spacing for transmission. Based on the identified tone spacing, the base station <NUM>-c determines a number of symbols for transmission of the signal at <NUM>. The number of symbols may relate to the number of symbols used to transmit the signal over resources allocated for transmission of the signal. The number of symbols may be based on the determined signal type or the identified spectrum band, or may be based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH). Each of the number of symbols may also be associated with a duration for transmission of each of the symbols (i.e., a symbol duration). The duration of the transmission may span multiple nominal symbol durations associated with the identified spectrum band or the determined signal type.

At <NUM>, the base station <NUM>-c transmits the signal to UE <NUM>-d based on the identified tone spacing and the determined number of symbols. For example, the base station <NUM>-c may transmit the signal over multiple symbols to UE <NUM>-d using resources allocated for communication between the base station <NUM>-c and the UE <NUM>-d. At <NUM>, the base station <NUM>-c transmits a signal to the UE <NUM>-d indicating the number of symbols, and optionally the identified tone spacing, or the determined signal type. For example, the base station <NUM>-c may transmit an indication to the UE <NUM>-d using an RRC channel or a PDCCH. In some examples, the base station <NUM>-c may reserve bits in downlink control information to be transmitted to the UE <NUM>-d using the PDCCH.

At <NUM>, the UE <NUM>-d identifies the tone spacing associated with reception of the signal. The tone spacing may be identified by identifying the spectrum band at <NUM>-a associated with the signal. The tone spacing is identified based on determining a signal type associated with the signal at <NUM>-b. Using the identified tone spacing, the UE <NUM>-d may determine a number of symbols associated with reception of the signal at <NUM>. Based on the number of symbols, the UE <NUM>-d may then determine a receiver algorithm at <NUM>. The determined receiver algorithm may also be based on the identified tone spacing. The receiver algorithm may be used to determine how a receiver should receive the signal transmitted by the base station <NUM>-c.

At <NUM>, the UE <NUM>-d receives the signal transmitted by the base station and in some examples, the UE <NUM>-d combines multiple symbols at <NUM>-a of the transmitted signal based on the determined number of repetitions or the determined receiver algorithm, or a combination thereof.

<FIG> shows a block diagram <NUM> of a wireless device <NUM> that supports numerology dependent signal transmission in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device <NUM> may be an example of aspects of a base station <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>. Wireless device <NUM> may include receiver <NUM>, base station signal transmission manager <NUM>, and transmitter <NUM>. Wireless device <NUM> may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The receiver <NUM> may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to numerology dependent signal transmission, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device. The receiver <NUM> may be an example of aspects of the transceiver <NUM> described with reference to <FIG>.

The base station signal transmission manager <NUM> may be an example of aspects of the base station signal transmission manager <NUM> described with reference to <FIG>.

The base station signal transmission manager <NUM> may identify a tone spacing from a set of available tone spacings, determine a first number of repetitions of a first signal based on the identified tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH), transmit the first signal based on the determined first number of repetitions and the identified tone spacing, determine a number of symbols to be used in a subframe for transmission of a signal based on the identified tone spacing, and transmit the signal based on the determined number of symbols and the identified tone spacing.

The transmitter <NUM> may transmit signals generated by other components of the device. The transmitter <NUM> may include a single antenna, or may include a set of antennas.

<FIG> shows a block diagram <NUM> of a wireless device <NUM> that supports numerology dependent signal transmission in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device <NUM> may be an example of aspects of a wireless device <NUM> or a base station <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>. Wireless device <NUM> may include receiver <NUM>, base station signal transmission manager <NUM>, and transmitter <NUM>. Wireless device <NUM> may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The base station signal transmission manager <NUM> may be an example of aspects of the base station signal transmission manager <NUM> described with reference to <FIG>. The base station signal transmission manager <NUM> may also include tone spacing component <NUM>, signal repetition component <NUM>, subframe symbol component <NUM>, and signal transmitting component <NUM>.

The tone spacing component <NUM> may identify a tone spacing from a set of available tone spacings, identify a second tone spacing from the set of available tone spacings, and identify the tone spacing based on the determined signal type.

The signal repetition component <NUM> may determine a first number of repetitions of a first signal based on the identified tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH), determine a second number of repetitions of a second signal based on the determined second tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH), where the determined second number of repetitions is different from the determined first number of repetitions, and determine the first number of repetitions is based on a carrier frequency of a spectrum band.

The subframe symbol component <NUM> may determine a number of symbols to be used in a subframe for transmission of a signal based on the identified tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH), determine a second number of symbols of a second signal based on the determined second tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH), and determine the number of symbols based on a carrier frequency associated with a spectrum band.

The signal transmitting component <NUM> may transmit the first signal based on the determined first number of repetitions and the identified tone spacing and transmit the signal based on the determined number of symbols and the identified tone spacing. In some cases, transmitting the first signal includes: transmitting an indication of the determined first number of repetitions using at least one of an RRC channel or a PDCCH. In some cases, transmitting the signal includes: transmitting an indication of the determined number of symbols using at least one of an RRC channel or a PDCCH. In some examples, the signal transmitting component <NUM> may perform any of the above transmissions in conjunction with transmitter <NUM> and in some cases, the signal transmitting component <NUM> may perform a portion of the above transmissions while the transmitter <NUM> performs other portion(s).

<FIG> shows a block diagram <NUM> of a base station signal transmission manager <NUM> that supports numerology dependent signal transmission in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The base station signal transmission manager <NUM> may be an example of aspects of a base station signal transmission manager <NUM>, a base station signal transmission manager <NUM>, or a base station signal transmission manager <NUM> described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>. The base station signal transmission manager <NUM> may include tone spacing component <NUM>, spectrum band component <NUM>, signal type component <NUM>, signal repetition component <NUM>, subframe symbol component <NUM>, symbol duration component <NUM>, bit reservation component <NUM>, and signal transmitting component <NUM>. Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The spectrum band component <NUM> may identify a spectrum band for transmission of the first signal, where identifying the tone spacing is based on the identified spectrum band. The spectrum band component <NUM> may identify a second spectrum band for transmission of the second signal, where identifying the second tone spacing is based on the identified second spectrum band. The spectrum band component <NUM> may identify a spectrum band for transmission of the signal, where identifying the tone spacing is based on the identified spectrum band, and identify a second spectrum band for transmission of the second signal, where identifying the second tone spacing is based on the identified second spectrum band.

The signal type component <NUM> may determine a signal type. In some cases, identifying the tone spacing includes: determining a signal type associated with the signal. In some cases, the signal type associated with the signal includes one of a BRRS, a PSS, a SSS, a PBCH, a PDCCH, or a PUCCH.

The signal repetition component <NUM> may determine a first number of repetitions of a first signal based on the identified tone spacing, determine a second number of repetitions of a second signal based on the determined second tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH), where the determined second number of repetitions is different from the determined first number of repetitions, and determine the first number of repetitions based on a carrier frequency of a spectrum band.

The subframe symbol component <NUM> may determine a number of symbols to be used in a subframe for transmission of a signal based on the identified tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH), identify a second tone spacing from the set of available tone spacings, determine a second number of symbols of a second signal based on the determined second tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH), and determine the number of symbols based on a carrier frequency associated with a spectrum band.

The symbol duration component <NUM> may determine a symbol duration for each of the number of symbols, where transmitting the signal is based on the symbol duration.

The bit reservation component <NUM> may be used to reserve bits. In some cases, transmitting the first number of repetitions using a PDCCH includes: reserving bits in downlink control information to convey the first number of repetitions. In some cases, transmitting the number of symbols using a PDCCH includes: reserving bits in downlink control information to convey the number of symbols.

The signal transmitting component <NUM> may transmit the first signal based on the determined first number of repetitions and the identified tone spacing and transmit the signal based on the determined number of symbols and the identified tone spacing. In some cases, transmitting the first signal includes: transmitting an indication of the determined first number of repetitions using at least one of an RRC channel or a PDCCH. In some cases, transmitting the signal includes: transmitting an indication of the determined number of symbols using at least one of an RRC channel or a PDCCH.

<FIG> shows a diagram of a system <NUM> including a device <NUM> that supports numerology dependent signal transmission in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device <NUM> may be an example of a wireless device <NUM>, wireless device <NUM>, or a base station <NUM> as described above, e.g., with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG>.

Device <NUM> may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including base station signal transmission manager <NUM>, processor <NUM>, memory <NUM>, software <NUM>, transceiver <NUM>, antenna <NUM>, network communications manager <NUM>, and base station communications manager <NUM>.

The processor <NUM> may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.).

The memory <NUM> may include random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM). In some cases, the memory <NUM> may contain, among other things, a Basic Input-Output system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware and/or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

Software <NUM> may include code to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including code to support numerology dependent signal transmission. Software <NUM> may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other memory. In some cases, the software <NUM> may not be directly executable by the processor but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.

In some cases, the device <NUM> may include a single antenna <NUM>.

The network communications manager <NUM> may manage communications with the core network <NUM>-a (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links). For example, the network communications module <NUM> may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs <NUM>-e and <NUM>-f.

The base station communications manager <NUM> may manage communications with other base station <NUM>-d and <NUM>-e, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs <NUM>-e and <NUM>-f in cooperation with other base stations <NUM>-d and <NUM>-e. For example, the base station communications manager <NUM> may coordinate scheduling for transmissions to UEs <NUM>-e and <NUM>-f for various interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some examples, base station communications manager <NUM> may provide an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between base stations <NUM>-d and <NUM>-e.

<FIG> shows a block diagram <NUM> of a wireless device <NUM> that supports numerology dependent signal transmission in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device <NUM> may be an example of aspects of a UE <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>. Wireless device <NUM> may include receiver <NUM>, UE signal transmission manager <NUM>, and transmitter <NUM>. Wireless device <NUM> may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The UE signal transmission manager <NUM> may be an example of aspects of the UE signal transmission manager <NUM> described with reference to <FIG>.

The UE signal transmission manager <NUM> may identify a tone spacing from a set of available tone spacings, determine a first number of repetitions of a first signal based on the identified tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH), receive the first signal based on the determined first number of repetitions and the identified tone spacing, determine a number of symbols to be used in a subframe for reception of a signal based on the identified tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH), and receive the signal based on the determined number of symbols and the identified tone spacing.

<FIG> shows a block diagram <NUM> of a wireless device <NUM> that supports numerology dependent signal transmission in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device <NUM> may be an example of aspects of a wireless device <NUM> or a UE <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>. Wireless device <NUM> may include receiver <NUM>, UE signal transmission manager <NUM>, and transmitter <NUM>. Wireless device <NUM> may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The UE signal transmission manager <NUM> may also include tone spacing component <NUM>, signal repetition component <NUM>, subframe symbol component <NUM>, and signal receiving component <NUM>.

The tone spacing component <NUM> may identify a tone spacing from a set of available tone spacings and identify a second tone spacing from the set of available tone spacings.

The signal repetition component <NUM> may determine a first number of repetitions of a first signal based on the identified tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH), determine a second number of repetitions of a second signal based on the determined second tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH), where the determined second number of repetitions is different from the determined first number of repetitions, and determine the first number of repetitions of the first signal is based on a carrier frequency associated with a spectrum band. In some cases, the first signal includes one of a BRRS, a PSS, an SSS, an ESS, a PBCH, a BRS, a PDCCH, or a PUCCH.

The subframe symbol component <NUM> may determine a number of symbols to be used in a subframe for reception of a signal based on the identified tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH), determine a second number of symbols of a second signal based on the determined second tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH), identifying a second spectrum band for reception of the second signal, where identifying the second tone spacing is based on the identified second spectrum band, and determine the number of symbols is based on a carrier frequency associated with the spectrum band.

The signal receiving component <NUM> may receive the first signal based on the determined first number of repetitions and the identified tone spacing and receive the signal based on the determined number of symbols and the identified tone spacing. In some cases, receiving the first signal includes: combining multiple repetitions of the first signal based on the determined first number of repetitions. In some cases, determining the first number of repetitions of the first signal includes: receiving an indication of the first number of repetitions using at least one of a radio resource control channel or a physical downlink control channel. In some cases, receiving the signal includes: combining multiple symbols of the subframe based on the determined number of symbols. In some cases, determining the number of symbols includes: receiving an indication of the number of symbols using at least one of a radio resource control channel or a physical downlink control channel.

In some examples, the signal receiving component <NUM> may perform any of the above receptions in conjunction with receiver <NUM> and in some cases, the signal receiving component <NUM> may perform a portion of the above receptions while the receiver <NUM> performs other portion(s).

<FIG> shows a block diagram <NUM> of a UE signal transmission manager <NUM> that supports numerology dependent signal transmission in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The UE signal transmission manager <NUM> may be an example of aspects of a UE signal transmission manager <NUM>, a UE signal transmission manager <NUM>, or a UE signal transmission manager <NUM> described with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>. The UE signal transmission manager <NUM> may include tone spacing component <NUM>, signal repetition component <NUM>, signal receiving component <NUM>, and subframe symbol component <NUM>. Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The spectrum band component <NUM> may identify a spectrum band for reception of the signal, where identifying the tone spacing is based on the identified spectrum band.

The signal type component <NUM> may determine signal type. In some cases, the signal type includes one of a BRRS, a PSS, an SSS, a PBCH, a PDCCH, or a PUCCH.

The signal repetition component <NUM> may determine a first number of repetitions of a first signal based on the identified tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH). The signal repetition component <NUM> may determine a second number of repetitions of a second signal based on the determined second tone spacing, or based on signaling information of a control channel (RRC, PDCCH, PUCCH), where the determined second number of repetitions is different from the determined first number of repetitions. The signal repetition component <NUM> may determine the first number of repetitions of the first signal is based on a carrier frequency associated with a spectrum band. In some cases, the first signal includes one of a BRRS, a PSS, an SSS, a PBCH, a PDCCH, or a PUCCH.

The symbol duration component <NUM> may determine a symbol duration for each of the number of symbols, where receiving the signal is based on the determined symbol duration.

The bit reservation component <NUM> may obtain one or more reserved bits. In some cases, receiving the first number of repetitions using a PDCCH includes: obtaining reserved bits in downlink control information that convey the first number of repetitions. In some cases, receiving the number of symbols using a PDCCH includes: obtaining reserved bits in downlink control information that convey the number of symbols.

The algorithm component <NUM> may determine a receiver algorithm to receive signal based on the determined tone spacing.

The signal receiving component <NUM> may receive the first signal based on the determined first number of repetitions and the identified tone spacing and receive the signal based on the determined number of symbols and the identified tone spacing. In some cases, receiving the first signal includes: combining multiple repetitions of the first signal based on the determined first number of repetitions. In some cases, determining the first number of repetitions of the first signal includes: receiving an indication of the first number of repetitions using at least one of an RRC channel or a PDCCH. In some cases, receiving the signal includes: combining multiple symbols of the subframe based on the determined number of symbols. In some cases, determining the number of symbols includes: receiving an indication of the number of symbols using at least one of an RRC channel or a PDCCH.

In some examples, the signal receiving component <NUM> may perform any of the above receptions in conjunction with a receiver such as receiver <NUM> in <FIG>.

<FIG> shows a diagram of a system <NUM> including a device <NUM> that supports numerology dependent signal transmission in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Device <NUM> may be an example of a wireless device <NUM>, wireless device <NUM>, or a UE <NUM> as described above, e.g., with reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG>.

Device <NUM> may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including UE signal transmission manager <NUM>, processor <NUM>, memory <NUM>, software <NUM>, transceiver <NUM>, antenna <NUM>, and additional module <NUM>.

The processor <NUM> may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, etc.).

The memory <NUM> may include RAM and ROM.

<FIG> shows a flowchart illustrating a method <NUM> for numerology dependent signal transmission in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method <NUM> may be implemented by a base station <NUM> or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method <NUM> may be performed by a base station signal transmission manager as described with reference to <FIG>. In some examples, a base station <NUM> may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station <NUM> may perform aspects the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At block <NUM>, the base station <NUM> may identify a tone spacing from a set of available tone spacings. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a tone spacing component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the base station <NUM> may determine a first number of repetitions of a first signal based on the identified tone spacing. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a signal repetition component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the base station <NUM> may transmit the first signal based on the determined first number of repetitions and the identified tone spacing. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a signal transmitting component as described with reference to <FIG> and <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the base station <NUM> may identify a spectrum band for transmission of the first signal, where identifying the tone spacing is based on the identified spectrum band. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a spectrum band component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the base station <NUM> may determine a number of symbols to be used in a subframe for transmission of a signal based on the identified tone spacing. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a subframe symbol component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the base station <NUM> may transmit the signal based on the determined number of symbols and the identified tone spacing. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a signal transmitting component as described with reference to <FIG> and <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the base station <NUM> may identify a spectrum band for transmission of the signal, where identifying the tone spacing is based on the identified spectrum band. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a spectrum band component as described with reference to <FIG>.

<FIG> shows a flowchart illustrating a method <NUM> for numerology dependent signal transmission in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method <NUM> may be implemented by a UE <NUM> or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method <NUM> may be performed by a UE signal transmission manager as described with reference to <FIG>. In some examples, a UE <NUM> may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE <NUM> may perform aspects the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may identify a tone spacing from a set of available tone spacings. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a tone spacing component as described with reference to <FIG> and <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may determine a first number of repetitions of a first signal based on the identified tone spacing. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a signal repetition component as described with reference to <FIG> and <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may receive the first signal based on the determined first number of repetitions and/or the identified tone spacing. In some examples, the UE <NUM> may combine the received signal according to the first number of repetitions. The UE <NUM> may combine the signal coherently or non-coherently according to signal type. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a signal receiving component as described with reference to <FIG> and <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may determine a number of symbols to be used in a subframe for reception of a signal based on the identified tone spacing. The UE <NUM> may combine the received signal according to the determined number of symbols. In some examples, the UE <NUM> may combine the signal coherently or non-coherently according to signal type. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a subframe symbol component as described with reference to <FIG> and <FIG>.

At block <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may receive the signal based on the determined number of symbols and the identified tone spacing. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a signal receiving component as described with reference to <FIG> and <FIG>.

At block <NUM> the base station <NUM> may identify a tone spacing from a plurality of available tone spacings. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a tone spacing component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM> the base station <NUM> may determine a first number of repetitions of a first signal based at least in part on the identified tone spacing. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a signal repetition component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM> the base station <NUM> may identify signaling information indicating the determined first number of repetitions. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a signal repetition component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM> the base station <NUM> may transmit the signaling information via a control channel. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a signal transmitting component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM> the base station <NUM> may transmit the first signal based at least in part on the determined first number of repetitions. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a signal transmitting component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM> the base station <NUM> may determine a number of symbols to be used in a time duration for transmission of a signal based at least in part on the identified tone spacing. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a subframe symbol component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM> the base station <NUM> may identify signaling information indicating the determined number of symbols. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a subframe symbol component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM> the base station <NUM> may transmit the signal based at least in part on the determined number of symbols. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a signal transmitting component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM> the UE <NUM> may identify a tone spacing from a plurality of available tone spacings. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a tone spacing component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM> the UE <NUM> may receive signaling information via a control channel. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a signal receiving component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM> the UE <NUM> may determine a first number of repetitions of a first signal based at least in part on the identified tone spacing, or the received signaling information, or a combination thereof. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a signal repetition component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM> the UE <NUM> may receive the first signal based at least in part on the determined first number of repetitions. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a signal receiving component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM> the UE <NUM> may determine a number of symbols to be used in a time duration for reception of a signal based at least in part on the identified tone spacing, or the received signaling information, or a combination thereof. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a subframe symbol component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At block <NUM> the UE <NUM> may receive the signal based at least in part on the determined number of symbols. The operations of block <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described with reference to <FIG>. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block <NUM> may be performed by a signal receiving component as described with reference to <FIG>.

The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably. A code division multiple access (CDMA) system may implement a radio technology such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000 covers IS-<NUM>, IS-<NUM>, and IS-<NUM> standards. A time division multiple access (TDMA) system may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).

An orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system may implement a radio technology such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE <NUM> (Wi-Fi), IEEE <NUM> (WiMAX), IEEE <NUM>, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications system (UMTS). 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) are new releases of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) are described in documents from the organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP). While aspects an LTE system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE applications.

In LTE/LTE-A networks, including such networks described herein, the term evolved node B (eNB) may be generally used to describe the base stations. The wireless communications system or systems described herein may include a heterogeneous LTE/LTE-A network in which different types of evolved node B (eNBs) provide coverage for various geographical regions. For example, each eNB or base station may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, or other types of cell. The term "cell" is a 3GPP term that may be used to describe a base station, a carrier or component carrier associated with a base station, or a coverage area (e.g., sector, etc.) of a carrier or base station, depending on context.

Base stations may include or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, eNodeB (eNB), Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or some other suitable terminology. The geographic coverage area for a base station may be divided into sectors making up only a portion of the coverage area. The wireless communications system or systems described herein may include base stations of different types (e.g., macro or small cell base stations). The UEs described herein may be able to communicate with various types of base stations and network equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, relay base stations, and the like. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas for different technologies.

A UE may be able to communicate with various types of base stations and network equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, relay base stations, and the like.

A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a digital signal processor (DSP) and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

For example, due to the nature of software, functions described above may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these.

Claim 1:
A method for wireless communication at a base station (<NUM>), comprising:
determining (<NUM>-b) a signal type associated with a signal;
wherein a signal of a first signal type is one of a control signal, a data signal, and an overhead signal, and wherein a signal of a second signal type is one of a synchronization signal, an extended synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel, PBCH, a random access channel, a scheduling request channel, a beam reference signal, an extended PBCH, and a beam refinement reference signal;
identifying (<NUM>) a tone spacing from a plurality of available tone spacings based at least in part on the determined signal type;
wherein a tone spacing associated with the first signal type is shorter than a tone spacing associated with the second signal type;
determining (<NUM>) a number of repetitions of the signal based at least in part on the identified tone spacing;
identifying signaling information indicating the determined number of repetitions;
transmitting the signaling information to a user equipment via a control channel; and
transmitting (<NUM>) the signal to the user equipment based at least in part on the determined number of repetitions.