Patent Description:
Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, Long Term Evolution (LTE), and New Radio (NR).

NR, which may also be referred to as <NUM>, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using OFDM with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink (DL), using CP-OFDM and/or SC-FDM (e.g., also known as discrete Fourier transform spread ODFM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink (UL), as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. Document R1-<NUM> of the 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #<NUM> relates to a discussion on SS burst set composition and SS block time index indication.

Characterisrics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures.

A wireless backhaul network may be deployed to provide connectivity to a core network. In a wireless backhaul network, an anchor base station may communicate with the core network via a wired connection (e.g., a fiber connection), and non-anchor base stations may communicate with the anchor base station via wireless links. In some cases, a chain of non-anchor base stations may communicate via wireless links along the chain to form a path to the anchor base station and the core network. Additionally, or alternatively, a single base station may communicate wirelessly with multiple other base stations, forming a mesh network.

A wireless backhaul network may permit simple and cheap deployment of additional base stations because the base stations may be able to detect one another automatically and be deployed without expensive infrastructure, such as wired connections. Furthermore, network resources (e.g., frequency resources, time resources, and/or the like) may be shared between wireless access links (e.g., between a base station and a UE or between UEs) and wireless backhaul links (e.g., between base stations), thereby enhancing wireless link capacity and reducing network latency. In some cases, the base stations and/or UEs may utilize millimeter waves and/or directional communications (e.g., beamforming, precoding, and/or the like) for the wireless links to reduce inter-link interference.

To support automatic deployment of new base stations, a deployed base station may periodically transmit synchronization communications, such as one or more synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and/or the like) and/or one or more synchronization channels (e.g., a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) via which a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and/or other synchronization signals may be transmitted, a physical channel carrying remaining minimum system information (RMSI), a physical channel carrying other system information (OSI), and/or the like). A new base station may detect a synchronization communication from a deployed base station, and may use the synchronization communication to determine time synchronization, frequency synchronization, and/or other system information for establishing a wireless connection with the deployed base station (e.g., using an access procedure, such as a random access procedure). In this way, the new base station may be able to automatically connect to a deployed base station, thereby simplifying deployment of new base stations.

In a traditional (e.g., <NUM>, <NUM>, LTE, etc.) radio access network, where base stations communicate with one another via wired connections and communicate with UEs via wireless connections, a base station need only be capable of wireless transmission of synchronization communications (e.g., to UEs), and need not be capable of wireless reception of synchronization communications (e.g., from other base stations). In a wireless backhaul network, a base station should be capable of wireless transmission of synchronization communications to other base stations and wireless reception of synchronization communications from other base stations so that a network of base stations may be created and synchronized via wireless communication. However, a base station cannot transmit and receive communications at the same time using half-duplex operations. As a result, when a base station is transmitting a synchronization communication during a time interval, the base station may not be capable of receiving a synchronization communication from another base station during the same time interval.

Techniques described herein increase the likelihood that a base station receives synchronization communications from neighbor base stations, thereby assisting in the formation and synchronization of more robust and reliable wireless backhaul networks. For example, techniques described herein may utilize frequency hopping and/or time hopping in association with transmission of synchronization communications to increase a likelihood of reception of the synchronization communications. Furthermore, techniques described herein may utilize frequency division multiplexing to support multiple synchronization communications (e.g., a large number of synchronization communications), thereby increasing the number of synchronization communications that can be transmitted in a time interval. This may lead to more efficient resource utilization and faster detection of neighbor base stations than if synchronization communications were not frequency division multiplexed. Additional details are described elsewhere herein.

Using the teachings herein, one skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. " Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over another aspect.

These apparatuses and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements").

The network <NUM> may be a <NUM> or NR network or some other wireless network, such as an LTE network. Wireless network <NUM> may include a number of base stations (BSs) <NUM> (shown as BS 110a, BS 110b, BS 110c, and BS 110d) and other network entities. A BS is an entity that communicates with user equipment (UEs) and/or other BSs, and may also be referred to as a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, a NR BS, a <NUM> NB, an access point, a transmit receive point (TRP), an access node (AN), and/or the like. As used herein, the term "wireless node" may refer to a base station and/or a user equipment.

In some examples, the BSs may be interconnected to one another and/or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in the access network <NUM> through various types of backhaul interfaces such as a direct physical connection, a virtual network, a wireless link (e.g., a wireless backhaul link), and/or the like using any suitable transport network.

In some aspects, network controller <NUM> may be implemented in a core network <NUM>.

Core network <NUM> may include one or more devices to communicate with and/or control BSs <NUM> and/or one or more devices to route packets through core network <NUM> to one or more other networks. For example, core network <NUM> may include a mobility management entity (MME), a serving gateway (SGW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW), a home subscriber server (HSS), a policy charging and rules function (PCRF) device, an authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server, and/or the like.

A UE may also be referred to as an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber unit, a station, etc. A UE may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, medical device or equipment, biometric sensors/devices, wearable devices (smart watches, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wrist bands, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music or video device, or a satellite radio), a vehicular component or sensor, smart meters/sensors, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

Some UEs may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs and/or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC UEs, as well as other types of UEs, may be implemented as narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT) devices. As used herein, the term "wireless node" may refer to a BS <NUM> and/or a UE <NUM>.

As shown in <FIG>, base station <NUM> may include a communication manager <NUM>. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, communication manager <NUM> may determine a pattern for transmitting multiple synchronization communications in one or more synchronization communication sets, may determine a set of resources in the one or more synchronization communication sets to be used to transmit the multiple synchronization communications based at least in part on the pattern, and may transmit the multiple synchronization communications using the set of resources, wherein a first synchronization communication of the multiple synchronization communications is frequency division multiplexed with a second synchronization communication.

Additionally, or alternatively, communication manager <NUM> may receive an indication of a pattern associated with determining a set of resources in one or more synchronization communication sets to be used to receive one or more synchronization communications, may determine the set of resources based at least in part on the indication of the pattern, and may receive the one or more synchronization communications using the set of resources, wherein a first synchronization communication of the one or more synchronization communications is frequency division multiplexed with a second synchronization communication. Additionally, or alternatively, communication manager <NUM> may perform one or more other operations described herein. Communication manager <NUM> may include one or more components of <FIG>, as described below.

Similarly, UE <NUM> may include a communication manager <NUM>. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, communication manager <NUM> may determine a pattern for transmitting multiple synchronization communications in one or more synchronization communication sets, may determine a set of resources in the one or more synchronization communication sets to be used to transmit the multiple synchronization communications based at least in part on the pattern, and may transmit the multiple synchronization communications using the set of resources, wherein a first synchronization communication of the multiple synchronization communications is frequency division multiplexed with a second synchronization communication.

Transmit processor <NUM> may also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI), etc.) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper layer signaling, etc.) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmit processor <NUM> may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., DMRS, CRS, and/or the like) and synchronization signals (e.g., a PSS, an SSS, and/or the like).

A channel processor may determine RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, and/or the like.

On the uplink, at UE <NUM>, a transmit processor <NUM> may receive and process data from a data source <NUM> and control information (e.g., for reports comprising RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, etc.) from controller/processor <NUM>. The symbols from transmit processor <NUM> may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor <NUM> if applicable, further processed by modulators 254a through 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, etc.), and transmitted to base station <NUM>. Memories <NUM> and <NUM> may store data and program codes for base station <NUM> and UE <NUM>, respectively.

Controllers/processors <NUM> and <NUM> and/or any other component(s) in <FIG> may direct the operation at base station <NUM> and UE <NUM>, respectively, to perform operations associated with configuring resources for synchronization, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, controller/processor <NUM> and/or other processors and modules at base station <NUM> and/or UE <NUM> may perform or direct operations of base station <NUM> and/or UE <NUM> to perform one or more blocks of process <NUM> of <FIG>, process <NUM> of <FIG>, and/or other processes described herein. In some aspects, one or more of the components shown in <FIG> may be employed to perform example process <NUM>, example process <NUM>, and/or other processes for the techniques described herein.

In some aspects, base station <NUM> and/or UE <NUM> may include means for determining a pattern for transmitting multiple synchronization communications in one or more synchronization communication sets, means for determining a set of resources in the one or more synchronization communication sets to be used to transmit the multiple synchronization communications based at least in part on the pattern, and/or means for transmitting the multiple synchronization communications using the set of resources. Additionally, or alternatively, base station <NUM> and/or UE <NUM> may include means for receiving an indication of a pattern associated with determining a set of resources in one or more synchronization communication sets to be used to receive one or more synchronization communications, means for determining the set of resources based at least in part on the indication of the pattern, and/or means for receiving the one or more synchronization communications using the set of resources. Additionally, or alternatively, base station <NUM> and/or UE <NUM> may include means for performing other operations described herein. Such means may include one or more components shown in <FIG>. Additionally, or alternatively, communication manager <NUM> and/or communication manager <NUM> may include one or more components shown in <FIG>.

<FIG> shows an example frame structure <NUM> for FDD in a telecommunications system (e.g., NR). Each radio frame may have a predetermined duration and may be partitions into a set of Z (Z ≥ <NUM>) subframes (e.g., with indices of <NUM> through Z-<NUM>). Each subframe may include a set of slots (e.g., two slots per subframe are shown in <FIG>). For example, each slot may include seven symbol periods (e.g., as shown in <FIG>), fifteen symbol periods, and/or the like. In a case where the subframe includes two slots, the subframe may include <NUM> symbol periods, where the <NUM> symbol periods in each subframe may be assigned indices of <NUM> through <NUM>-<NUM>. In some aspects, a scheduling unit for the FDD may frame-based, subframe-based, slot-based, symbol-based, and/or the like.

While some techniques are described herein in connection with frames, subframes, slots, and/or the like, these techniques may equally apply to other types of wireless communication structures, which may be referred to using terms other than "frame," "subframe," "slot," and/or the like in 5GNR.

In certain telecommunications (e.g., NR), a BS may transmit synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and/or the like) on the downlink for each cell supported by the BS. The PSS and SSS may be used by UEs for cell search and acquisition, and/or may be used by other BSs for automatic deployment in a wireless backhaul network. For example, the PSS may be used by UEs and/or BSs to determine symbol timing, and the SSS may be used by UEs and/or BSs to determine a physical cell identifier, associated with the BS, and frame timing. The BS may also transmit a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and/or one or more other physical channels that transmit system information, such as system information that supports initial access by UEs and/or BSs, remaining minimum system information (RMSI), other system information (OSI), and/or the like.

As further shown, each SS burst may include one or more SS blocks (identified as SS block <NUM> through SS block (bmax_SS-<NUM>), where bmax_SS-<NUM> is a maximum number of SS blocks that can be carried by an SS burst. An SS burst set may be periodically transmitted by a wireless node according to a synchronization period, such as every X milliseconds, as shown in <FIG>. Additionally, or alternatively, an SS burst set may have a fixed or dynamic length, shown as Y milliseconds in <FIG>.

Furthermore, the SS burst shown in <FIG> is an example of a synchronization communication block set, and other synchronization communications may be used in connection with the techniques described herein.

In some aspects, a synchronization communication (e.g., an SS block) may include a base station synchronization communication for transmission, which may be referred to as a Tx BS-SS, a Tx gNB-SS, and/or the like. In some aspects, a synchronization communication (e.g., an SS block) may include a base station synchronization communication for reception, which may be referred to as an Rx BS-SS, an Rx gNB-SS, and/or the like. In some aspects, a synchronization communication (e.g., an SS block) may include a user equipment synchronization communication for transmission, which may be referred to as a Tx UE-SS, a Tx NR-SS, and/or the like. A base station synchronization communication (e.g., for transmission by a first base station and reception by a second base station) may be configured for synchronization between base stations, and a user equipment synchronization communication (e.g., for transmission by a base station and reception by a user equipment) may be configured for synchronization between a base station and a user equipment.

In some aspects, a BS-SS may include different information than a UE-SS. For example, one or more BS-SSs may exclude PBCH communications. Additionally, or alternatively, a BS-SS and a UE-SS may differ with respect to one or more of a time resource used for transmission or reception of the SS, a frequency resource used for transmission or reception of the SS, a periodicity of the SS, a waveform of the SS, a beamforming parameter used for transmission or reception of the SS, and/or the like.

Similarly, in some aspects, one or more SS blocks of the SS burst may be transmitted in consecutive radio resources (e.g., consecutive symbol periods) during one or more subframes.

In some aspects, the SS bursts may have a burst period, whereby the SS blocks of the SS burst are transmitted by the BS according to the burst period. In some aspects, the SS burst set may have a burst set periodicity, whereby the SS bursts of the SS burst set are transmitted by the BS according to the fixed burst set periodicity.

The BS may transmit system information, such as system information blocks (SIBs) on a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) in certain subframes. The BS may transmit control information/data on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in B symbol periods of a subframe, where B may be configurable for each subframe. The BS may transmit traffic data and/or other data on the PDSCH in the remaining symbol periods of each subframe.

Other examples are possible and may differ from what was described with regard to <FIG> and <FIG>.

<FIG> shows an example subframe format <NUM> with a normal cyclic prefix. Each resource block may cover <NUM> subcarriers in one slot and may include a number of resource elements. In some aspects, subframe format <NUM> may be used for transmission of SS blocks that carry the PSS, the SSS, the PBCH, and/or the like, as described herein.

An interlace structure may be used for each of the downlink and uplink for FDD in certain telecommunications systems (e.g., NR). For example, Q interlaces with indices of <NUM> through Q - <NUM> may be defined, where Q may be equal to <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or some other value. Each interlace may include subframes that are spaced apart by Q frames. In particular, interlace q may include subframes q, q + Q, q + 2Q, etc., where q ∈ {<NUM>,. , Q-<NUM>}.

NR may include Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) service targeting wide bandwidth (e.g., <NUM> megahertz (MHz) and beyond), millimeter wave (mmW) targeting high carrier frequency (e.g., <NUM> gigahertz (GHz)), massive MTC (mMTC) targeting non-backward compatible MTC techniques, and/or mission critical targeting ultra reliable low latency communications (DRLLC) service.

NR resource blocks may span <NUM> sub-carriers with a sub-carrier bandwidth of <NUM> or <NUM> kilohertz (kHz) over a <NUM> duration. Each radio frame may include <NUM> subframes with a length of <NUM>. Consequently, each subframe may have a length of <NUM>. Each subframe may indicate a link direction (e.g., DL or UL) for data transmission and the link direction for each subframe may be dynamically switched. Each subframe may include DL/UL data as well as DL/UL control data.

<FIG> is a diagram illustrating examples <NUM> of radio access networks, in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, a traditional (e.g., <NUM>, <NUM>, LTE, etc.) radio access network may include multiple base stations <NUM> (e.g., access nodes (AN)), where each base station <NUM> communicates with a core network via a wired backhaul link <NUM>, such as a fiber connection. A base station <NUM> may communicate with a UE <NUM> via an access link <NUM>, which may be a wireless link. In some aspects, a base station <NUM> shown in <FIG> may correspond to a base station <NUM> shown in <FIG>. Similarly, a UE <NUM> shown in <FIG> may correspond to a UE <NUM> shown in <FIG>.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, a radio access network may include a wireless backhaul network, where at least one base station is an anchor base station <NUM> that communicates with a core network via a wired backhaul link <NUM>, such as a fiber connection. The wireless backhaul network may include one or more non-anchor base stations <NUM> that communicate directly with or indirectly with (e.g., via one or more non-anchor base stations <NUM>) the anchor base station <NUM> via one or more backhaul links <NUM> to form a backhaul path to the core network for carrying backhaul traffic. Backhaul link <NUM> may be a wireless link. Anchor base station(s) <NUM> and/or non-anchor base station(s) <NUM> may communicate with one or more UEs <NUM> via access links <NUM>, which may be wireless links for carrying access traffic. In some aspects, an anchor base station <NUM> and/or a non-anchor base station <NUM> shown in <FIG> may correspond to a base station <NUM> shown in <FIG>. Similarly, a UE <NUM> shown in <FIG> may correspond to a UE <NUM> shown in <FIG>.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, in some aspects, a radio access network that includes a wireless backhaul network may utilize millimeter wave technology and/or directional communications (e.g., beamforming, precoding and/or the like) for communications between base stations and/or UEs (e.g., between two base stations, between two UEs, and/or between a base station and a UE). For example, wireless backhaul links <NUM> between base stations may use millimeter waves to carry information and/or may be directed toward a target base station using beamforming, precoding, and/or the like. Similarly, the wireless access links <NUM> between a UE and a base station may use millimeter waves and/or may be directed toward a target wireless node (e.g., a UE and/or a base station). In this way, inter-link interference may be reduced.

The configuration of base stations and UEs in <FIG> is shown as an example, and other examples are possible. For example, one or more base stations illustrated in <FIG> may be replaced by one or more UEs that communicate via a UE-to-UE access network (e.g., a peer-to-peer network, a device-to-device network, and/or the like). In this case, an anchor node may refer to a UE that is directly in communication with a base station (e.g., an anchor base station or a non-anchor base station).

<FIG> is a diagram illustrating an example <NUM> of resource partitioning in a wireless backhaul network, in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure.

As shown in <FIG>, an anchor base station <NUM> may be connected to a core network <NUM> via a wired backhaul link <NUM>, such as a fiber connection. As further shown, non-anchor base stations <NUM> may communicate directly with anchor base station <NUM> via wireless backhaul links <NUM>. In some aspects, one or more non-anchor base stations may communicate indirectly with anchor base station <NUM> via multiple wireless backhaul links (e.g., via one or more other non-anchor base stations). For example, and as shown, a first set of non-anchor base stations <NUM> may communicate indirectly with anchor base station <NUM> via a wireless backhaul link <NUM> and a wireless backhaul link <NUM>. As further shown, a second set of non-anchor base stations <NUM> may communicate indirectly with anchor base station <NUM> via a wireless backhaul link <NUM>, a wireless backhaul link <NUM>, and a wireless backhaul link <NUM>.

As further shown, a UE <NUM> may communicate with anchor base station <NUM> via a wireless access link <NUM>, a UE <NUM> may communicate with a non-anchor base station <NUM> via a wireless access link <NUM>, and a UE <NUM> may communicate with a non-anchor base station <NUM> via a wireless access link <NUM>.

In some aspects, an index (e.g., a color index) may be assigned to a wireless link and/or a wireless node (e.g., a base station or a UE). The index may indicate one or more resources allocated to a wireless node for communication via the wireless link. For example, and as shown, a first index <NUM> may be associated with transmission time intervals (TTIs) <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>, and a second index <NUM> may be associated with TTIs <NUM> and <NUM>. As indicated by light gray lines in <FIG>, the first index <NUM> may be assigned to wireless backhaul links <NUM> and <NUM> and wireless access links <NUM> and <NUM>. Thus, information may be transmitted over these links during TTIs <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>, and not during TTIs <NUM> and <NUM>. Similarly, and as indicated by dark gray lines in <FIG>, the second index <NUM> may be assigned to wireless backhaul links <NUM> and wireless access links <NUM> Thus, information may be transmitted over these links during TTIs <NUM> and <NUM>, and not during TTIs <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>. In this way, wireless nodes may coordinate communication such that a wireless node is not configured to transmit and receive data at the same time.

While the resources are shown as time resources, additionally, or alternatively, an index may be associated with a frequency resource. Furthermore, the configuration of base stations and UEs in <FIG> is shown as an example, and other examples are possible. For example, the base stations illustrated in <FIG> may be replaced by UEs that communicate via a UE-to-UE access network (e.g., a peer-to-peer network, a device-to-device network, and/or the like). In this case, an anchor node may refer to a UE that is directly in communication with a base station (e.g., a base station that provides access to a core network).

<FIG> is a diagram illustrating an example <NUM> of configuring resources for synchronization in a wireless backhaul network, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

As shown in <FIG>, one or more wireless nodes, shown as wireless node <NUM>-A through wireless node <NUM>-D (collectively referred to as wireless nodes <NUM>), may determine a set of resources for transmission of multiple synchronization communications in one or more synchronization communication sets. In some aspects, one or more wireless nodes <NUM> may communicate using millimeter waves. In some aspects, one or more wireless nodes <NUM> may be base stations acting as access points to a core network, such as one or more of the base stations described elsewhere herein in connection with <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, and/or <NUM>. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more wireless nodes <NUM> may be UEs acting as access points to a core network (e.g., via a UE-to-UE network, a device-to-device network, a peer-to-peer network, and/or the like), such as one or more of the UEs described elsewhere herein in connection with <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, and/or <NUM>.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, wireless node <NUM>-A may determine a set of resources, in one or more synchronization communication sets, to be used to transmit multiple synchronization communications based at least in part on a pattern. For example, wireless node <NUM>-A may determine a pattern for transmitting multiple synchronization communications in one or more synchronization communication sets. In some aspects, the pattern may be signaled to wireless node <NUM>-A, such as by another wireless node <NUM>, by an upper layer device in the core network, and/or the like. Wireless node <NUM>-A may determine a set of resources, in the one or more synchronization communication sets, to be used to transmit the multiple synchronization communications based at least in part on the pattern.

In some aspects, the set of resources may include one or more time resources. Additionally, or alternatively, the set of resources may include one or more frequency resources. Additionally, or alternatively, the set of resources may include one or more beamforming parameters. For example, in some aspects, at least one of the multiple synchronization communications is beamformed. In some aspects, more than one of the multiple synchronization communications are beamformed. In some aspects, different synchronization communications of the multiple synchronization communications are transmitted using different transmission beams (e.g., different beamforming parameters). In this way, a wireless node <NUM> may direct synchronization communications to target devices (e.g., base stations and/or UEs), thereby reducing interference.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, wireless node <NUM>-A may transmit the multiple synchronization communications using the set of resources. In some aspects, a first synchronization communication, of the multiple synchronization communications, is frequency division multiplexed with a second synchronization communication. Additionally, or alternatively, the multiple synchronization communications, transmitted by wireless node <NUM>-A, include a third synchronization communication. In some aspects, the second synchronization communication is transmitted by wireless node <NUM>-A (e.g., is included in the multiple synchronization communications transmitted by the wireless node <NUM>-A, and/or is the same as the third synchronization communication). In some aspects, the second synchronization communication is transmitted by another wireless node <NUM> (e.g., is not included in the multiple synchronization communications transmitted by the wireless node <NUM>-A, and/or is different from the third synchronization communication).

For example, and as shown, the wireless node <NUM>-A may transmit two synchronization communications in a first synchronization communication (SC) set, shown as SC A0 and SC A1. In some aspects, SC A0 may be transmitted using a first transmission beam (e.g., in a first direction), and SC A1 may be transmitted using a second transmission beam (e.g., in a second direction). In some aspects, SC A0 and SC A1 may be the same SC transmitted using different transmission beams. In some aspects, SC A0 and SC A1 may be different SCs.

As further shown, SC A0 may be frequency division multiplexed with SC B0, and SC A1 may be frequency division multiplexed with SC B1. In some aspects, SC B0 and SC B1 may be transmitted by another wireless node <NUM>-B (not shown for simplicity). In this case, wireless node <NUM>-A may determine, based at least in part on the pattern, that SC A0 is to be transmitted in a first time interval of the SC set using a first frequency of the SC set, and that SC A1 is to be transmitted in a second time interval of the SC set using the first frequency of the SC set.

Similarly, another wireless node <NUM>-C (not shown for simplicity) may transmit two synchronization communications in the first SC set, shown as SC C0 and SC C1. As further shown, SC C0 may be frequency division multiplexed with SC D0, and SC C1 may be frequency division multiplexed with SC D1. In some aspects, SC D0 and SC D1 may be transmitted by another wireless node <NUM>-D.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, wireless node <NUM>-D may determine a set of resources, in one or more synchronization communication sets, to be used to transmit multiple synchronization communications based at least in part on a pattern. In this case, wireless node <NUM>-D may determine, based at least in part on the pattern, that SC D0 is to be transmitted in a third time interval of the SC set using a second frequency of the SC set, and that SC D1 is to be transmitted in a fourth time interval of the SC set using the second frequency of the SC set. As shown by reference number <NUM>, wireless node <NUM>-D may transmit the multiple synchronization communications using the set of resources. In some aspects, a first synchronization communication, of the multiple synchronization communications, is frequency division multiplexed with a second synchronization communication. For example, in this case, SC D0 is frequency division multiplexed with SC C0, and SC D1 is frequency division multiplexed with SC C1.

As described elsewhere herein in connection with <FIG>, a synchronization communication may include one or more of a PSS, an SSS, a PBCH communication, another physical channel communication (e.g., that includes system information), and/or the like. A synchronization communication is an SS block. A synchronization communication set is an SS burst set.

Furthermore, as described herein in connection with <FIG>, an SC may include a base station SC for transmission, which may be referred to as a Tx BS-SS, a Tx gNB-SS, and/or the like. In some aspects, an SC may include a base station SC for reception, which may be referred to as an Rx BS-SS, an Rx gNB-SS, and/or the like. In some aspects, an SC may include a user equipment SC for transmission, which may be referred to as a Tx UE-SS, a Tx NR-SS, and/or the like. In some aspects, a base station SC for transmission and a base station SC for reception are configured for synchronization between base stations. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE SC for transmission may be configured for synchronization between a base station and a user equipment. While some aspects in <FIG> are described herein in connection with transmitting an SC (e.g., SC A0, SC A1, SC B0, etc.), in some aspects, one or more of these SCs may be received (e.g., may be a base station SC for reception).

In some aspects, a base station SC may include different information than a user equipment SC. For example, one or more base station SCs may exclude PBCH communications. Additionally, or alternatively, a base station SC and a user equipment SC may differ with respect to one or more of a time resource used for transmission or reception of the SC, a frequency resource used for transmission or reception of the SC, a periodicity of the SC, a waveform of the SC, a beamforming parameter used for transmission or reception of the SC, and/or the like.

In some aspects, the first SC of the multiple SCs transmitted by wireless node <NUM> may be a first base station SC for transmission. For example, SC A0, which is transmitted by wireless node <NUM>-A, may be a first base station SC for transmission. In some aspects, the second SC that is multiplexed with the first SC may be a second base station SC for transmission, a UE SC for transmission, or a base station SC for reception. For example, SC B0, which is multiplexed with SC A0, may be a second base station SC transmitted by wireless node <NUM>-B, may be a UE SC transmitted by wireless node <NUM>-B, or may be a base station SC received by wireless node <NUM>-B. In this way, a pattern for multiple SCs may be flexibly configured, thereby permitting efficient use of frequency and time resources. In some aspects, a bandwidth available for transmission of the multiple synchronization communications is less than a total system bandwidth, and the pattern may permit efficient use of the available bandwidth.

In some aspects, a wireless node <NUM> may dynamically decide a manner in which SCs are to be frequency division multiplexed. For example, a wireless node <NUM> may enter a sleep state to conserve power. Upon exiting the sleep state (e.g., upon waking up), the wireless node <NUM> may select which SCs are to be transmitted and/or received (e.g., a base station SC for transmission, a base station SC for reception, a UE SC for transmission, and/or the like), and/or may determine a manner in which the selected SCs are to be multiplexed (e.g., based at least in part on recent transmissions, one or more indications received from other wireless nodes <NUM>, network conditions, data for transmission, and/or the like). In this way, the wireless node <NUM> may conserve battery power and network resources.

In some aspects, a wireless node <NUM> may determine the set of resources to be used to transmit the multiple SCs based at least in part on a number of hops from the wireless node <NUM> to an anchor node that is connected to a core network. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless node <NUM> may select the one or more resources based at least in part on an index that indicates resources allocated to the wireless node <NUM> (e.g., as described above in connection with <FIG>). Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless node <NUM> may determine the set of resources based at least in part on a random seed. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless node <NUM> may determine the set of resources based at least in part on a cell identifier associated with the wireless node <NUM>. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless node <NUM> may determine the set of resources based at least in part on a cluster identifier associated with a cluster of wireless nodes <NUM> that includes the wireless node <NUM>. By using one or more of these techniques to determine the set of resources to be used to transmit the multiple SCs, the wireless node <NUM> may be more likely to select different resources than another wireless node <NUM>, thereby reducing interference.

Additionally, or alternatively, a wireless node <NUM> may determine the set of resources based at least in part on one or more signals detected or measured on the set of resources. For example, the wireless node <NUM> may select a set of resources with a lower signal energy, a lower signal power, and/or the like, as compared to other resources in the SC sets. In this way, the wireless node <NUM> is more likely to select less crowded resources, thereby reducing interference.

Additionally, or alternatively, a wireless node <NUM> may determine the set of resources based at least in part on an explicit instruction from another device. For example, the wireless node may determine the set of resources based at least in part on an indication (e.g., scheduling information) from an upper layer (e.g., a device in a core network), which may coordinate resource selection among a cluster of wireless nodes <NUM>. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless node <NUM> may determine the set of resources based at least in part on an indication (e.g., scheduling information) received from one or more neighbor wireless nodes <NUM>. For example, one or more neighbor wireless nodes <NUM> may indicate resources selected by those wireless node(s) <NUM> for SCs, and the wireless node <NUM> may select the set of resources based at least in part on the indication(s). Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless node <NUM> may determine the set of resources based at least in part on whether the wireless node <NUM> is connected to at least one other wireless node <NUM> via a wireless backhaul link. In this way, the wireless node <NUM> may be more likely to select different resources than another wireless node <NUM> included in the same cluster of wireless nodes <NUM>, thereby reducing interference.

As described in more detail below in connection with <FIG> and <FIG>, the pattern may be a frequency hopping pattern, a time hopping pattern, and/or the like. Additionally, or alternatively, the pattern may indicate frequency hopping and/or time hopping within an SC set (e.g., intra-set hopping), may indicate frequency hopping and/or time hopping across SC sets (e.g., inter-set hopping), may indicate both intra-set hopping and inter-set hopping, and/or the like. The example pattern shown in <FIG> is a baseline pattern that does not include any time hopping or frequency hopping. In this example pattern, the same time and frequency resources are used across SC sets. Other example patterns are described in more detail below in connection with <FIG> and <FIG>.

<FIG> and <FIG> are diagrams illustrating examples <NUM> of configuring resources for synchronization in a wireless backhaul network, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. <FIG> and <FIG> show example patterns for determining a set of resources for transmission and/or reception of SCs. These patterns are provided as examples, and other patterns are possible. Additionally, or alternatively, aspects of a first pattern (e.g., for a first SC) may be combined with aspects of a second pattern (e.g., for a second SC). Additionally, or alternatively, different patterns may be used across different SC sets. For example, a first pattern may be used between a first SC set and a second SC set, a second pattern may be used between the second SC set and a third SC set, and/or the like.

As shown in <FIG>, a pattern <NUM> may include inter-set time hopping and may not include frequency hopping. Time hopping may refer to using a different time resource for repetition of an SC in different SC sets. For example, and as shown, in a first SC set, a first time interval (e.g., TI <NUM>) and a second time interval (e.g., TI <NUM>) are used for SC B0 and SC B1, respectively. In a second SC set (e.g., occurring after a synchronization period, as shown in <FIG>), a third time interval (e.g., TI <NUM>) and a fourth time interval (e.g., TI <NUM>) are used for SC B0 and SC B1, respectively. Similarly, in the first SC set, a third time interval is used for SC D0 and a fourth time interval is used for SC D1, whereas in the second SC set, a first time interval is used for SC D0 and a second time interval is used for SC D1.

In pattern <NUM>, time hopping is used for only some of the SCs. For example, the same time intervals are used for SCs A0, A1, C0, and C1 across SC sets. In some aspects, time hopping may be used for all of the SCs. Furthermore, pattern <NUM> does not use frequency hopping. Frequency hopping may refer to using a different frequency resource for repetition of an SC in different SC sets. In pattern <NUM>, a first frequency is always used for SCs A0, A1, C0, and C1 (e.g., across SC sets), and a second frequency is always used for SCs B0, B1, D0, and D1 (e.g., across SC sets).

By using a time hopping pattern, detectability of SCs may be increased. For example, in the first SC set of pattern <NUM>, wireless node A transmits SCs A0 and A1 in the same time interval that wireless node B transmits SCs B0 and B1. Thus, wireless node A will not be able to detect wireless node B during the first SC set, due to half-duplexing. However, wireless node A will be able to detect wireless node B during the second SC set where wireless node A transmits SCs A0 and A1 during different time intervals than wireless node B transmits SCs B0 and B1. In this way, a time hopping pattern for SC transmission may increase detectability of SCs.

As further shown in <FIG>, a pattern <NUM> may include inter-set frequency hopping and inter-set time hopping. As an example of inter-set frequency hopping, in the first SC set, a first frequency is used for SCs A0, A1, C0, and C1, whereas in the second SC set, a second frequency is used for SCs A0, A1, C0, and C1. Similarly, in the first SC set, the second frequency is used for SCs B0, B1, D0, and D1, whereas in the second SC set, the first frequency is used for SCs B0, B1, D0, and D1. While these patterns show the use of two frequencies for transmission of SCs, more than two frequencies may be used, in some aspects. In this case, frequency hopping may occur across a first frequency, a second frequency, a third frequency, etc. Additionally, or alternatively, frequency hopping may be used for some SCs, and not for other SCs.

As further shown, pattern <NUM> may use time hopping for SCs B0, B1, D0, and D1, in a similar manner as described above in connection with pattern <NUM>. While these patterns show the use of four time intervals for transmission of SCs, a different number of time intervals may be used, in some aspects. In this case, time hopping may occur across two or more of the time intervals. Additionally, or alternatively, time hopping may be used for some SCs, and not for other SCs, as shown by pattern <NUM>, or may be used for all SCs.

By using a frequency hopping pattern, detectability of SCs may be increased for wireless nodes that search only a subset of frequency bands used for SC transmission and/or when a frequency band is associated with poor channel conditions. For example, a wireless node that searches only the first frequency band would be able to detect wireless nodes A, B, C, and D when pattern <NUM> is used, whereas the same wireless node would only be able to detect wireless nodes A and C when pattern <NUM> is used. Furthermore, frequency hopping may increase frequency diversity and a likelihood of successful reception of SCs when channel conditions are poor on a frequency band. In this way, a frequency hopping pattern for SC transmission may increase detectability of SCs.

As shown in <FIG>, a pattern <NUM> may include inter-set frequency hopping (e.g., across SC sets) and intra-set time hopping (e.g., within an SC set). As an example of inter-set frequency hopping, in the first SC set, a first frequency is used for SCs A0, A1, C0, and C1, whereas in the second SC set, a second frequency is used for SCs A0, A1, C0, and C1. Similarly, in the first SC set, the second frequency is used for SCs B0, B1, D0, and D1, whereas in the second SC set, the first frequency is used for SCs B0, B1, D0, and D1.

As an example of intra-set time hopping, an SC set (e.g., an SS burst set) may include multiple SC block sets (e.g., SS bursts), as described above in connection with <FIG>, and different time intervals may be used, across SC block sets included in the SC set, for SCs associated with the same wireless node (e.g., for SC repetitions). For example, in pattern <NUM>, a first time interval in the first SC block set of the first SC set (e.g., TI <NUM>) is used for B0, and a second time interval in the second SC block set of the first SC set (e.g., TI <NUM>) is used for B1. Similarly, a second time interval in the first SC block set of the first SC set (e.g., TI <NUM>) is used for D0, and a first time interval in the second SC block set of the first SC set (e.g., TI <NUM>) is used for D1. Although two SC block sets are shown per SC set, in some aspects, a different number of SC block sets may be used, and time hopping may be used across the multiple SC block sets.

As further shown in <FIG>, a pattern <NUM> may include intra-set frequency hopping (e.g., within a SC set) and intra-set time hopping (e.g., within an SC set). With intra-set frequency hopping, a different frequency may be used for SCs associated with the same wireless node (e.g., SC repetitions) within an SC set. In some aspects, the different frequency may be used in different SC block sets. As an example of intra-set frequency hopping, in the first SC set, a first frequency is used for SCs A0, B1, C0, and D1, whereas a second frequency is used for SCs A1, B0, C1, and D0. The first frequency is used for SCs A0 and C0 in the first SC block set, and the second frequency is used for SCs A1 and C1 in the second SC block set. Similarly, the second frequency is used for SCs B0 and D0 in the first SC block set, and the first frequency is used for SCs B1 and D1 in the second SC block set.

As further shown, pattern <NUM> may use intra-set time hopping for SCs B0, B1, D0, and D1 in the first SC set, in a similar manner as described above in connection with pattern <NUM>.

As shown by patterns <NUM>-<NUM>, a wireless node may transmit multiple SCs, such as a first SC (e.g., A0) and a third SC (e.g., A1). As further shown by patterns <NUM>-<NUM>, the first SC (e.g., A0), may be frequency division multiplexed with a second SC (e.g., B0). In some aspects, and as described above, the pattern may include a frequency hopping pattern (e.g., an inter-set pattern or an intra-set pattern) that indicates a first frequency for the first SC and a second frequency for the third SC. In some aspects, the first frequency is different from the second frequency. In some aspects, the pattern indicates that the first SC and the third SC use different frequency resources in a same SC set, as described above (e.g., an intra-set pattern). In some aspects, the pattern indicates that the first SC and the third SC use different frequency resources in different SC sets (e.g., an inter-set pattern).

In some aspects, and as further described above, the pattern may include a time hopping pattern that indicates a first time interval for the first SC and a second time interval for the third SC (e.g., an inter-set pattern or an intra-set pattern). In some aspects, the first time interval is different from the second time interval. In some aspects, the pattern indicates that the first SC and the third SC use different time resources in a same SC set (e.g., an intra-set pattern). In some aspects, the different time resources are not consecutive. In some aspects, the pattern indicates that the first SC and the third SC use different time resources in different SC sets (e.g., an inter-set pattern).

In some aspects, the third SC is different from the second SC. For example, the third SC may be transmitted by a first wireless node, and the second SC may be transmitted by a second wireless node. In some aspects, the third SC is the second SC. For example, the third SC and the second SC may be the same SC transmitted by a wireless node and frequency division multiplexed with the first SC.

As indicated above, patterns <NUM>-<NUM> are provided as example patterns, and other patterns are possible. The pattern may include any combination of time hopping and/or frequency hopping within and/or across SC sets and/or SC block sets. For example, a pattern may include inter-set time hopping without frequency hopping, may include intra-set time hopping without frequency hopping, may include inter-set frequency hopping without time hopping, may include intra-set frequency hopping without time hopping, may include inter-set time hopping and inter-set frequency hopping, may include inter-set time hopping and intra-set frequency hopping, may include intra-set time hopping and inter-set frequency hopping, may include intra-set time hopping and intra-set frequency hopping, and/or the like. Using one or more of these patterns for SC transmission may increase detectability of SCs.

As shown in <FIG>, a first wireless node, shown as wireless node <NUM>-A, may communicate with a second wireless node, shown as wireless node <NUM>-Z. In some aspects, one or more wireless nodes <NUM> may communicate using millimeter waves. In some aspects, one or more wireless nodes <NUM> may be base stations acting as access points to a core network, such as one or more of the base stations described elsewhere herein in connection with <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, and/or <NUM>. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more wireless nodes <NUM> may be UEs acting as access points to a core network (e.g., via a UE-to-UE network, a device-to-device network, a peer-to-peer network, and/or the like), such as one or more of the UEs described elsewhere herein in connection with <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, and/or <NUM>. In some aspects, wireless node <NUM> may correspond to wireless node <NUM>, as described above in connection with <FIG>.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, wireless node <NUM>-A may indicate a pattern associated with determining a set of resources, in one or more SC sets, to be used to transmit and/or receive one or more SCs. In some aspects, and as shown, the pattern may be associated with wireless node <NUM>-A. For example, the pattern may indicate SCs to be transmitted by wireless node <NUM>-A, such as SCs A0 and A1. Additionally, or alternatively, the pattern may be associated with one or more other wireless nodes. For example, the pattern may indicate SCs to be transmitted by wireless node <NUM>-D, such as SCs D0 and D1. As shown, wireless node <NUM>-Z may receive the indication of the pattern. Although wireless node <NUM>-Z is shown as receiving the indication of the pattern from another wireless node (e.g., wireless node <NUM>-A), in some aspects, wireless node <NUM>-Z may receive the indication of the pattern via upper layer signaling (e.g., from a core network device).

In some aspects, the pattern may be indicated using a synchronization signal (e.g., a PSS, an SSS, and/or the like), a PBCH, a demodulation reference signal in the PBCH, system information carried in any combination of a master information block (MIB), a system information block (SIB), minimum system information (SI), or other SI, a radio resource control signaling message, a medium access control (MAC) message, and/or the like.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, wireless node <NUM>-Z may determine the set of resources based at least in part on the indication of the pattern. For example, the pattern may be signaled, as described above, and wireless node <NUM>-Z may use the indicated pattern to determine the set of resources. Additionally, or alternatively, wireless node <NUM>-Z may receive an indication of the pattern by receiving an SC in a frequency or time location, and may determine the set of resources by inferring the set of resources based at least in part on the frequency or time location.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, wireless node <NUM>-Z may receive the one or more SCs using the set of resources. In some aspects, wherein a first SC, of the one or more SCs, is frequency division multiplexed with a second SC, as described elsewhere herein (e.g., in connection with <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>). In some aspects, the set of resources is included in a single SC set. In some aspects, the set of resources is included in multiple SC sets. By signaling a pattern that indicates locations (e.g., time and/or frequency locations) of resources used for SCs, a receiving wireless node may determine where to search for SCs, thereby conserving processing resources and network resources.

<FIG> is a diagram illustrating an example process <NUM> performed, for example, by a wireless node (e.g., a base station, a UE, and/or the like), in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

As shown in <FIG>, in some aspects, process <NUM> may include determining a pattern for transmitting multiple synchronization communications in one or more synchronization communication sets (block <NUM>). For example, a wireless node may determine a pattern for transmitting multiple synchronization communications in one or more synchronization communication sets, as described in more detail above.

In some aspects, a synchronization communication, of the multiple synchronization communications, includes at least one of: a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel communication, a physical channel carrying remaining minimum system information, a physical channel carrying other system information, or some combination thereof. In some aspects, the synchronization communication is a synchronization signal (SS) block. In some aspects, the synchronization communication set is a synchronization signal (SS) burst set. In some aspects, the wireless node is a base station. In some aspects, the wireless node is a user equipment. In some aspects, the wireless node communicates using millimeter waves.

In some aspects, the wireless node may indicate the pattern associated with the wireless node. In some aspects, the pattern is indicated using one or more of: a synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel, a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) of a physical broadcast channel, system information carried in any combination of a master information block (MIB), a system information block (SIB), minimum system information (SI), or other SI, a radio resource control signaling message, a medium access control message, or some combination thereof. In some aspects, the wireless node may indicate another pattern used by another wireless node.

As further shown in <FIG>, in some aspects, process <NUM> may include determining a set of resources, in the one or more synchronization communication sets, to be used to transmit the multiple synchronization communications based at least in part on the pattern (block <NUM>). For example, the wireless node may determine a set of resources, included in the one or more synchronization communication sets, to be used to transmit the multiple synchronization communications based at least in part on the pattern, as described in more detail above.

In some aspects, the set of resources are determined based at least in part on one or more of: a random seed, a cell identifier associated with the wireless node, a number of hops from the wireless node to an anchor node that is connected to a core network, an index that indicates resources allocated to the wireless node, whether the wireless node is connected to at least one other wireless node via a wireless backhaul link, a cluster identifier associated with a cluster of wireless nodes that includes the wireless node, scheduling information received from one or more neighbor wireless nodes, scheduling information received from an upper layer, one or more signals detected or measured on the set of resources, or some combination thereof.

As further shown in <FIG>, in some aspects, process <NUM> may include transmitting the multiple synchronization communications using the set of resources, wherein a first synchronization communication of the multiple synchronization communications is frequency division multiplexed with a second synchronization communication (block <NUM>). For example, the wireless node may transmit the multiple synchronization communications using the set of resources, as described in more detail above. In some aspects, a first synchronization communication, of the multiple synchronization communications, is frequency division multiplexed with a second synchronization communication.

In some aspects, a bandwidth available for transmission of the multiple synchronization communications is less than a total system bandwidth. In some aspects, the first synchronization communication includes a first base station synchronization communication for transmission. In some aspects, the second synchronization communication includes a second base station synchronization communication for transmission, a user equipment synchronization communication for transmission, or a base station synchronization communication for reception.

In some aspects, the first base station synchronization communication for transmission, the second base station synchronization communication for transmission, and the base station synchronization communication for reception are configured for synchronization between base stations. In some aspects, the user equipment synchronization communication for transmission is configured for synchronization between a base station and a user equipment. In some aspects, the first base station synchronization communication for transmission, the second base station synchronization communication for transmission, or the base station synchronization communication for reception differ from the user equipment synchronization communication for transmission with respect to one or more of: a time resource used for transmission or reception, a frequency resource used for transmission or reception, a periodicity, a waveform, a beamforming parameter, or some combination thereof.

In some aspects, the first synchronization communication is transmitted by the wireless node and the second synchronization communication is transmitted by another wireless node. In some aspects, the multiple synchronization communications include a third synchronization communication transmitted by the wireless node. In some aspects, the pattern includes a frequency hopping pattern that indicates a first frequency for the first synchronization communication and a second frequency for the third synchronization communication. In some aspects, the first frequency is different from the second frequency. In some aspects, the pattern indicates that the first synchronization communication and the third synchronization communication use different frequency resources in a same synchronization communication set. In some aspects, the pattern indicates that the first synchronization communication and the third synchronization communication use different frequency resources in different synchronization communication sets.

In some aspects, the pattern includes a time hopping pattern that indicates a first time interval for the first synchronization communication and a second time interval for the third synchronization communication. In some aspects, the first time interval is different from the second time interval. In some aspects, the pattern indicates that the first synchronization communication and the third synchronization communication use different time resources in a same synchronization communication set. In some aspects, the different time resources are not consecutive. In some aspects, the pattern indicates that the first synchronization communication and the third synchronization communication use different time resources in different synchronization communication sets. In some aspects, the third synchronization communication is different from the second synchronization communication. In some aspects, the third synchronization communication is the second synchronization communication.

In some aspects, at least one of the multiple synchronization communications is beamformed. In some aspects, different synchronization communications of the multiple synchronization communications are transmitted using different transmission beams.

As shown in <FIG>, in some aspects, process <NUM> may include receiving an indication of a pattern associated with determining a set of resources, in one or more synchronization communication sets, to be used to receive one or more synchronization communications (block <NUM>). For example, a wireless node may receive an indication of a pattern associated with determining a set of resources, in one or more synchronization communication sets, to be used to receive one or more synchronization communications, as described in more detail above.

In some aspects, the wireless node is a base station. In some aspects, the wireless node is a user equipment. In some aspects, the wireless node communicates using millimeter waves.

In some aspects, the indication of the pattern is received from another wireless node. In some aspects, the indication of the pattern is received using at least one of: a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, a demodulation reference signal in a physical broadcast channel, a master information block, a system information block, a minimum system information message, a radio resource control message, a medium access control message, or some combination thereof. In some aspects, the indication of the pattern is received via upper layer signaling. In some aspects, receiving the indication of the pattern includes receiving a synchronization communication on a frequency or time location, and determining the set of resources includes inferring the set of resources based at least in part on the frequency or time location.

As further shown in <FIG>, in some aspects, process <NUM> may include determining the set of resources based at least in part on the indication of the pattern (block <NUM>). For example, the wireless node may determine the set of resources based at least in part on the indication of the pattern, as described in more detail above.

In some aspects, the set of resources is included in a single synchronization communication set. In some aspects, the set of resources is included in multiple synchronization communication set.

As further shown in <FIG>, in some aspects, process <NUM> may include receiving the one or more synchronization communications using the set of resources, wherein a first synchronization communication of the one or more synchronization communications is frequency division multiplexed with a second synchronization communication (block <NUM>). For example, the wireless node may receive the one or more synchronization communications using the set of resources, as described in more detail above. In some aspects, a first synchronization communication, of the one or more synchronization communications, is frequency division multiplexed with a second synchronization communication.

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of possible aspects. Although each dependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosure of possible aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.

Claim 1:
A method (<NUM>) of wireless communication, comprising:
determining (<NUM>), by a wireless node, a pattern for transmitting multiple synchronization communications in one or more synchronization communication sets;
determining (<NUM>), by the wireless node, a set of resources, in the one or more synchronization communication sets, to be used to transmit the multiple synchronization communications based at least in part on the pattern; and
transmitting (<NUM>), by the wireless node, the multiple synchronization communications using the set of resources, wherein a first synchronization communication of the multiple synchronization communications is frequency division multiplexed with a second synchronization communication, wherein each synchronization communication is a synchronization signal, SS, block and each of the one or more synchronization communication sets is an SS burst set.