Patent Description:
In some cases, external auditory aid devices, such as external hearing aids, can artificially modify sounds prior to their being received by a cochlear implant system. Accordingly, in some such cases, the cochlear implant system receives an artificial representation of sounds in the environment. If the cochlear implant system is programmed to operate without the artificial change by the external auditory aid device, the cochlear implant system may provide an undesirable hearing experience and/or an inaccurate representation of the original acoustic signals to a user.

<CIT> describes a cochlear implant system including a signal processor programmed with a transfer function and configured to receive an input signal and output a stimulation signal based on the input signal and a transfer function. An implantable battery and/or a communication module can be configured to interface with and update the transfer function of the signal processor. By communicating with one or more external devices, the implantable battery and/or communication module can facilitate the calibration and normalization of the system.

<CIT> discloses in situ techniques for monitoring a recipient's cochlea health to proactively identify changes to the recipient's cochlea health outside of a clinical setting. The techniques obtain one or more cochlea health biomarkers associated with a recipient's cochlea health, such as the recipient's residual hearing, and analyze these biomarkers to predict that a cochlea health change is likely to occur.

<CIT> discloses a multimodal auditory prosthesis that comprises a sound processing unit configured to process sound and to generate electrical signals representing different frequency components of the processed sound and a stimulation module communicably coupled to the sound processing unit, configured to stimulate the recipient to evoke a hearing percept of a range of the frequency components. The prosthesis also comprises an external stimulation module, configured to be positioned within an externally accessible portion of the recipient's first ear, comprising: a receiver unit to wirelessly receive the electrical signals representing the different frequency components, and a transducer that delivers acoustic or mechanical energy to the recipient's ear to evoke a hearing percept of a range of the frequency components.

Aspects, embodiments or examples of the present disclosure which do not fall within the scope of the appended claims are not part of the present invention.

Some aspects of the disclosure are generally directed toward cochlear implant systems and methods of operating an implantable cochlear implant that can be used in conjunction with one or more external auditory aid devices, such as an external hearing aid. In some examples, the system may comprise a cochlear implant system. Example cochlear implant systems can include a cochlear electrode, a stimulator, an input source, a signal processor, and an implantable battery and/or communication module. The stimulator may be in electrical communication with the cochlear electrode and the input source may be configured to receive a stimulus and generate an input signal representative of the received stimulus, wherein the received stimulus is representative of an external acoustic signal. Additionally, the implantable battery and/or communication module may be in communication with the signal processor and be configured to provide electrical power to the signal processor. In some embodiments, the cochlear implant system may be configured to receive a status indicator signal indicate of whether an external auditory aid device is active and update the transfer function of the signal processor to compensate for operation of the external auditory aid device is the external auditory aid device is active.

Additionally, the system may further comprise a memory in communication with the signal processor. The memory may include one or more transfer functions, such as a first transfer function and a second transfer function, the first transfer function being different than the second transfer function. Furthermore, updating the transfer function of the signal processor to compensate for the operation of the external auditory aid device if the external auditory aid device is active may comprise changing between transfer functions stored in memory. For instance, in an example, if the external auditory aid device is not active, the signal processor can be programmed with the first transfer function. If the external auditory aid device is active, the signal processor can be programmed with the second transfer function. In some embodiments, the second transfer function is based on operating characteristics of the external auditory device.

In some embodiments, receiving the status indicator signal indicative of whether or not the external auditory aid device is active comprises receiving a first wireless communication indicating whether the external auditory aid device is active. Additionally, the first wireless communication indicating whether the external auditory aid device is active may further comprise information regarding the operation of the external auditory aid device. In some such examples, updating the transfer function of the signal processor to compensate for the operation of the external auditory aid device if the external auditory aid device is active comprises updating the transfer function based on the operation of the external auditory aid device.

In some embodiments, the system may comprise an external hub including a speaker and a wireless communication interface. The external hub may be configured to emit a first acoustic signal via the speaker and communication information regarding the first acoustic signal to the implantable battery and/or communication module via the wireless communication interface. In such embodiments, the implantable battery and/or communication module may be configured to receive information from the external hub regarding the first acoustic signal and receive information from the signal processor from the input source representative of the first acoustic signal and any amplification of the first acoustic signal by the external auditory aid device. Furthermore, the implantable battery and/or communication module may be further configured to analyze the information received from the external hub regarding the first acoustic signal and the information received from the signal processor to determine a relationship between the first acoustic signal from the speaker and the resulting signal generated via the input source and update a transfer function in response to the determined relationship. Such processes can be performed with and without an external auditory aid device active, for example, to update first and second transfer functions.

<FIG> shows a schematic illustration of a fully implantable cochlear implant system. The system of <FIG> includes a middle ear sensor <NUM> in communication with a signal processor <NUM>. The middle ear sensor <NUM> can be configured to detect incoming sound waves, for example, using the ear structure of a patient. The signal processor <NUM> can be configured to receive a signal from the middle ear sensor <NUM> and produce an output signal based thereon. For example, the signal processor <NUM> can be programmed with instructions to output a certain signal based on a received signal. In some embodiments, the output of the signal processor <NUM> can be calculated using an equation based on received input signals. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the output of the signal processor <NUM> can be based on a lookup table or other programmed (e.g., in memory) correspondence between the input signal from the middle ear sensor <NUM> and the output signal. While not necessarily based explicitly on a function, the relationship between the input to the signal processor <NUM> (e.g., from the middle ear sensor <NUM>) and the output of the signal processor <NUM> is referred to as the transfer function of the signal processor <NUM>.

In various examples, the signal processor <NUM> can comprise any variety of components, for example, digital and/or analog processing components. In some embodiments, signal processor <NUM> comprises a digital signal processor, one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or the like. Supporting circuitry for one or more such components can also be included as a part of the signal processor. In some embodiments, the signal processor can include or otherwise communicate with a memory containing programming for operating one or more components. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the signal processor can include one or more additional components. For example, in some embodiments, signal processor can include an embedded microphone or other sensor configured to detect incoming sound waves.

The system of <FIG> further includes a cochlear electrode <NUM> implanted into the cochlear tissues of a patient. The cochlear electrode <NUM> is in electrical communication with an electrical stimulator <NUM>, which can be configured to provide electrical signals to the cochlear electrode <NUM> in response to input signals received by the electrical stimulator <NUM>. In some examples, the cochlear electrode <NUM> is fixedly attached to the electrical stimulator <NUM>. In other examples, the cochlear electrode <NUM> is removably attached to the electrical stimulator <NUM>. As shown, the electrical stimulator <NUM> is in communication with the signal processor <NUM>. In some embodiments, the electrical stimulator <NUM> provides electrical signals to the cochlear electrode <NUM> based on output signals from the signal processor <NUM>.

In various embodiments, the cochlear electrode <NUM> can include any number of contact electrodes in electrical contact with different parts of the cochlear tissue. In such embodiments, the electrical stimulator <NUM> can be configured to provide electrical signals to any number of such contact electrodes to stimulate the cochlear tissue. For example, in some embodiments, the electrical stimulator <NUM> is configured to activate different contact electrodes or combinations of contact electrodes of the cochlear electrode <NUM> in response to different input signals received from the signal processor <NUM>. This can help the patient differentiate between different input signals.

During exemplary operation, the middle ear sensor <NUM> detects audio signals, for example, using features of the patient's ear anatomy as described elsewhere herein and in <CIT>. The signal processor <NUM> can receive such signals from the middle ear sensor <NUM> and produce an output to the electrical stimulator <NUM> based on the transfer function of the signal processor <NUM>. The electrical stimulator <NUM> can then stimulate one or more contact electrodes of the cochlear electrode <NUM> based on the received signals from the signal processor <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, an embodiment of a fully-implantable cochlear implant is shown. The device in this embodiment includes a processor <NUM> (e.g., signal processor), a sensor <NUM>, a first lead <NUM> connecting the sensor <NUM> to the processor <NUM>, and a combination lead <NUM> attached to the processor <NUM>, wherein combination lead <NUM> contains both a ground electrode <NUM> and a cochlear electrode <NUM>. The illustrated processor <NUM> includes a housing <NUM>, a coil <NUM>, first female receptacle <NUM> and second female receptacle <NUM> for insertion of the leads <NUM> and <NUM>, respectively.

In some embodiments, coil <NUM> can receive power and/or data from an external device, for instance, including a transmission coil (not shown). Some such examples are described in <CIT>. In other examples, processor <NUM> is configured to receive power and/or data from other sources, such as an implantable battery and/or communication module as shown in <FIG>. Such battery and/or communication module can be implanted, for example, into the pectoral region of the patient in order to provide adequate room for larger equipment (e.g., a relatively large battery) for prolonged operation (e.g., longer battery life). Additionally, in the event a battery needs eventual replacement, a replacement procedure in the patient's pectoral region can be performed several times without certain vascularization issues that can arise near the location of the cochlear implant. For example, in some cases, repeated procedures (e.g., battery replacement) near the cochlear implant can result in a decreased ability for the skin in the region to heal after a procedure. Placing a replaceable component such as a battery in the pectoral region can facilitate replacement procedures with reduced risk for such issues.

<FIG> illustrates embodiments of an exemplary middle ear sensor for use in conjunction with anatomical features of a patient. Referring to <FIG>, an embodiment of the sensor <NUM> of a fully-implantable cochlear implant is shown. Also shown are portions of the subject's anatomy, which includes, if the subject is anatomically normal, at least the malleus <NUM>, incus <NUM>, and stapes <NUM> of the middle ear <NUM>, and the cochlea <NUM>, oval window <NUM>, and round window <NUM> of the inner ear <NUM>. Here, the sensor <NUM> is touching the incus <NUM>. The sensor <NUM> can include a sensor such as described in <CIT>. Further, although not shown in a drawing, the sensor <NUM> may be in operative contact with the tympanic membrane or the stapes, or any combination of the tympanic membrane, malleus <NUM>, incus <NUM>, or stapes <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates an exemplary middle ear sensor for use with systems described herein. However, other middle ear sensors can be used, such as sensors using microphones or other sensors capable of receiving an input corresponding to detected sound and outputting a corresponding signal to the signal processor. Additionally or alternatively, systems can include other sensors configured to output a signal representative of sound received at or near a user's ear, such as a microphone or other acoustic pickup located in the user's outer ear or implanted under the user's skin. Such devices may function as an input source, for example, to the signal processor such that the signal processor receives an input signal from the input source and generates and output one or more stimulation signals according to the received input signal and the signal processor transfer function. Additionally or alternatively, systems can include other types of sensors, such as inner ear sensors. Some example configurations of such systems and other sensor arrangements are described in PCT patent application No. <CIT>.

Referring back to <FIG>, the signal processor <NUM> is shown as being in communication with the middle ear sensor <NUM>, the electrical stimulator <NUM>, and the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>. As described elsewhere herein, the signal processor <NUM> can receive input signals from the middle ear sensor <NUM> and/or other input source(s) and output signals to the electrical stimulator <NUM> for stimulating the cochlear electrode <NUM>. The signal processor <NUM> can receive data (e.g., processing data establishing or updating the transfer function of the signal processor <NUM>) and/or power from the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>.

In some embodiments, the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> can communicate with one or more external components, such as a programmer <NUM> and/or a battery charger <NUM>. The battery charger <NUM> can wirelessly charge the battery in the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> when brought into proximity with the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> in the pectoral region of the patient. Such charging can be accomplished, for example, using inductive charging. The programmer <NUM> can be configured to wirelessly communicate with the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> via any appropriate wireless communication technology, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and the like. In some examples, the programmer <NUM> can be used to update the system firmware and/or software. In an exemplary operation, the programmer <NUM> can be used to communicate an updated signal processor <NUM> transfer function to the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>. In various embodiments, the programmer <NUM> and charger <NUM> can be separate devices or can be integrated into a single device.

In the illustrated example of <FIG>, the signal processor <NUM> is connected to the middle ear sensor <NUM> via lead <NUM>. In some embodiments, lead <NUM> can provide communication between the signal processor <NUM> and the middle ear sensor <NUM>. In some embodiments, lead <NUM> can include a plurality of isolated conductors providing a plurality of communication channels between the middle ear sensor <NUM> and the signal processor <NUM>. The lead <NUM> can include a coating such as an electrically insulating sheath to minimize any conduction of electrical signals to the body of the patient. In various embodiments, one or more communication leads can be detachable such that communication between two components can be disconnected in order to electrically and/or mechanically separate such components. For instance, in some embodiments, lead <NUM> includes a detachable connector <NUM>. Detachable connector <NUM> can facilitate decoupling of the signal processor <NUM> and middle ear sensor <NUM>. Example detachable connectors are described in PCT patent application No. <CIT>. For example, with reference to <FIG>, in some embodiments, lead <NUM> can include a first lead extending from the middle ear sensor <NUM> having one of a male or a female connector and a second lead extending from the signal processor <NUM> having the other of the male or female connector. The first and second leads can be connected at detachable connector <NUM> in order to facilitate communication between the middle ear sensor <NUM> and the signal processor <NUM>.

In other examples, a part of the detachable connector <NUM> can be integrated into one of the middle ear sensor <NUM> and the signal processor <NUM>. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, the signal processor <NUM> can include a female connector integrated into a housing of the signal processor <NUM>. Lead <NUM> can extend fully from the middle ear sensor <NUM> and terminate at a corresponding male connector for inserting into the female connector of the signal processor <NUM>. In still further embodiments, a lead (e.g., <NUM>) can include connectors on each end configured to detachably connect with connectors integrated into each of the components in communication. For example, lead <NUM> can include two male connectors, two female connectors, or one male and one female connector for detachably connecting with corresponding connectors integral to the middle ear sensor <NUM> and the signal processor <NUM>. Thus, lead <NUM> may include two or more detachable connectors.

Similar communication configurations can be established for detachable connector <NUM> of lead <NUM> facilitating communication between the signal processor <NUM> and the stimulator <NUM> and for detachable connector <NUM> of lead <NUM> facilitating communication between the signal processor <NUM> and the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>. Leads (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) can include pairs of leads having corresponding connectors extending from each piece of communicating equipment, or connectors can be built in to any one or more communicating components.

In such configurations, each of the electrical stimulator <NUM>, signal processor <NUM>, middle ear sensor <NUM>, and battery and/or communication module can each be enclosed in a housing, such as a hermetically sealed housing comprising biocompatible materials. Such components can include feedthroughs providing communication to internal components enclosed in the housing. Feedthroughs can provide electrical communication to the component via leads extending from the housing and/or connectors integrated into the components.

In a module configuration such as that shown in <FIG>, various components can be accessed (e.g., for upgrades, repair, replacement, etc.) individually from other components. For example, as signal processor <NUM> technology improves (e.g., improvements in size, processing speed, power consumption, etc.), the signal processor <NUM> implanted as part of the system can be removed and replaced independently of other components. In an exemplary procedure, an implanted signal processor <NUM> can be disconnected from the electrical stimulator <NUM> by disconnecting detachable connector <NUM>, from the middle ear sensor <NUM> by disconnecting detachable connector <NUM>, and from the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> by disconnecting detachable connector <NUM>. Thus, the signal processor <NUM> can be removed from the patient while other components such as the electrical stimulator <NUM>, cochlear electrode <NUM>, middle ear sensor <NUM>, and battery and/or communication module can remain in place in the patient.

After the old signal processor is removed, a new signal processor can be connected to the electrical stimulator <NUM>, middle ear sensor <NUM>, and implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> via detachable connectors <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>, respectively. Thus, the signal processor (e.g., <NUM>) can be replaced, repaired, upgraded, or any combination thereof, without affecting the other system components. This can reduce, among other things, the risk, complexity, duration, and recovery time of such a procedure. In particular, the cochlear electrode <NUM> can be left in place in the patient's cochlea while other system components can be adjusted, reducing trauma to the patient's cochlear tissue.

Such modularity of system components can be particularly advantageous when replacing a signal processor <NUM>, such as described above. Processor technology continues to improve and will likely continue to markedly improve in the future, making the signal processor <NUM> a likely candidate for significant upgrades and/or replacement during the patient's lifetime. Additionally, in embodiments such as the embodiment shown in <FIG>, the signal processor <NUM> communicates with many system components. For example, as shown, the signal processor <NUM> is in communication with each of the electrical stimulator <NUM>, the middle ear sensor <NUM>, and the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>. Detachably connecting such components with the signal processor <NUM> (e.g., via detachable connectors <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>) enables replacement of the signal processor <NUM> without disturbing any other components. Thus, in the event of an available signal processor <NUM> upgrade and/or a failure of the signal processor <NUM>, the signal processor <NUM> can be disconnected from other system components and removed.

While many advantages exist for a replaceable signal processor <NUM>, the modularity of other system components can be similarly advantageous, for example, for upgrading any system component. Similarly, if a system component (e.g., the middle ear sensor <NUM>) should fail, the component can be disconnected from the rest of the system (e.g., via detachable connector <NUM>) and replaced without disturbing the remaining system components. In another example, even a rechargeable battery included in the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> may eventually wear out and need replacement. The implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> can be replaced or accessed (e.g., for replacing the battery) without disturbing other system components. Further, as discussed elsewhere herein, when the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> is implanted in the pectoral region of the patient, such as in the illustrated example, such a procedure can leave the patient's head untouched, eliminating unnecessarily frequent access beneath the skin.

While various components are described herein as being detachable, in various embodiments, one or more components configured to communicate with one another can be integrated into a single housing. For example, in some embodiments, signal processor <NUM> can be integrally formed with the stimulator <NUM> and cochlear electrode <NUM>. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, processing and stimulation circuitry of a signal processor <NUM> and stimulator <NUM> can be integrally formed as a single unit in a housing coupled to a cochlear electrode. Cochlear electrode and the signal processor/stimulator can be implanted during an initial procedure and operate as a single unit.

In some embodiments, while the integral signal processor/stimulator/cochlear electrode component does not get removed from a patient due to potential damage to the cochlear tissue into which the cochlear electrode is implanted, system upgrades are still possible. For example, in some embodiments, a modular signal processor may be implanted alongside the integral signal processor/stimulator component and communicate therewith. In some such examples, the integral signal processor may include a built-in bypass to allow a later-implanted signal processor to interface directly with the stimulator. Additionally or alternatively, the modular signal processor can communicate with the integral signal processor, which may be programmed with a unity transfer function. Thus, in some such embodiments, signals from the modular signal processor may be essentially passed through the integral signal processor unchanged so that the modular signal processor effectively controls action of the integral stimulator. Thus, in various embodiments, hardware and/or software solutions exist for upgrading an integrally attached signal processor that may be difficult or dangerous to remove.

While often described herein as using an electrical stimulator to stimulate the patient's cochlear tissue via a cochlear electrode, in some examples, the system can additionally or alternatively include an acoustic stimulator. An acoustic stimulator can include, for example, a transducer (e.g., a piezoelectric transducer) configured to provide mechanical stimulation to the patient's ear structure. In an exemplary embodiment, the acoustic stimulator can be configured to stimulate one or more portions of the patient's ossicular chain via amplified vibrations. Acoustic stimulators can include any appropriate acoustic stimulators, such as those found in the ESTEEM™ implant (Envoy Medical Corp. Paul, Minn. ) or as described in <CIT>, <CIT>, and <CIT>, and <CIT>.

<FIG> is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary implantable system including an acoustic stimulator. The acoustic stimulator can be implanted proximate the patient's ossicular chain and can be in communication with a signal processor via lead <NUM> and detachable connector <NUM>. The signal processor can behave as described elsewhere herein and can be configured to cause acoustic stimulation of the ossicular chain via the acoustic stimulator in in response to input signals from the middle ear sensor according to a transfer function of the signal processor.

The acoustic stimulator of <FIG> can be used similarly to the electrical stimulator as described elsewhere herein. For instance, an acoustic stimulator can be mechanically coupled to a patient's ossicular chain upon implanting the system and coupled to the signal processor via lead <NUM> and detachable connector <NUM>. Similarly to systems described elsewhere herein with respect to the electrical stimulator, if the signal processor requires replacement or repair, the signal processor can be disconnected from the acoustic stimulator (via detachable connector <NUM>) so that the signal processor can be removed without disturbing the acoustic stimulator.

In general, systems incorporating an acoustic stimulator such as shown in <FIG> can operate in the same way as systems described elsewhere herein employing an electrical stimulator and cochlear electrode only substituting electrical stimulation for acoustic stimulation. The same modularity benefits, including system maintenance and upgrades.

Some systems can include a hybrid system comprising both an electrical stimulator and an acoustic stimulator in communication with the signal processor. In some such examples, the signal processor can be configured to stimulate electrically and/or acoustically according to the transfer function of the signal processor. In some examples, the type of stimulation used can depend on the input signal received by the signal processor. For instance, in an exemplary embodiment, the frequency content of the input signal to the signal processor can dictate the type of stimulation. In some cases, frequencies below a threshold frequency could be represented using one of electrical and acoustic stimulation while frequencies above the threshold frequency could be represented using the other of electrical and acoustic stimulation. Such a threshold frequency could be adjustable based on the hearing profile of the patient. Using a limited range of frequencies can reduce the number of frequency domains, and thus the number of contact electrodes, on the cochlear electrode. In other examples, rather than a single threshold frequency defining which frequencies are stimulated electrically and acoustically, various frequencies can be stimulated both electrically and acoustically. In some such examples, the relative amount of electrical and acoustic stimulation can be frequency-dependent. As described elsewhere herein, the signal processor transfer function can be updated to meet the needs of the patient, including the electrical and acoustic stimulation profiles.

With further reference to <FIG> and <FIG>, in some examples, a system can include a shut-off controller <NUM>, which can be configured to wirelessly stop an electrical stimulator <NUM> from stimulating the patient's cochlear tissue and/or an acoustic stimulator <NUM> from stimulating the patient's ossicular chain. For example, if the system is malfunctioning or an uncomfortably loud input sound causes an undesirable level of stimulation, the user may use the shut-off controller <NUM> to cease stimulation from the stimulator <NUM>. The shut-off controller <NUM> can be embodied in a variety of ways. For example, in some embodiments, the shut-off controller <NUM> can be integrated into other external components, such as the programmer <NUM>. In some such examples, the programmer <NUM> includes a user interface by which a user can select an emergency shut-off feature to cease stimulation. Additionally or alternatively, the shut-off controller <NUM> can be embodied as a separate component. This can be useful in situations in which the patient may not have immediate access to the programmer <NUM>. For example, the shut-off controller <NUM> can be implemented as a wearable component that the patient can wear at all or most times, such as a ring, bracelet, necklace, or the like.

The shut-off controller <NUM> can communicate with the system in order to stop stimulation in a variety of ways. In some examples, the shut-off controller <NUM> comprises a magnet that is detectable by a sensor (e.g., a Hall-Effect sensor) implanted in the patient, such as in the processor and/or the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>. In some such embodiments, when the magnet is brought sufficiently close to the sensor, the system can stop stimulation of the cochlear tissue or ossicular chain.

After the shut-off controller <NUM> is used to disable stimulation, stimulation can be re-enabled in one or more of a variety of ways. For example, in some embodiments, stimulation is re-enabled after a predetermined amount of time after it had been disabled. In other examples, the shut-off controller <NUM> can be used to re-enable stimulation. In some such examples, the patient brings the shut-off controller <NUM> within a first distance of a sensor (e.g., a magnetic sensor) to disable stimulation, and then removes the shut-off controller <NUM>. Subsequently, once the patient brings the shut-off controller <NUM> within a second distance of the sensor, stimulation can be re-enabled. In various embodiments, the first distance can be less than the second distance, equal to the second distance, or greater than the second distance. In still further embodiments, another device such as a separate turn-on controller (not shown) or the programmer <NUM> can be used to re-enable stimulation. Any combination of such re-enabling of stimulation can be used, such as alternatively using either the programmer <NUM> or the shut-off controller <NUM> to enable stimulation or combining a minimum "off' time before any other methods can be used to re-enable stimulation.

In some embodiments, rather than entirely disable stimulation, other actions can be taken, such as reducing the magnitude of stimulation. For example, in some embodiments, the shut-off sensor can be used to reduce the signal output by a predetermined amount (e.g., absolute amount, percentage, etc.). In other examples, the shut-off sensor can affect the transfer function of the signal processor to reduce the magnitude of stimulation in a customized way, such as according to frequency or other parameter of an input signal (e.g., from the middle ear sensor).

In some examples, implantable battery and/or communication module can be used to provide power and/or data (e.g., processing instructions) to other system components via lead <NUM>. Different challenges exist for communicating electrical signals through a patient's body. For example, safety standards can limit the amount of current that can safely flow through a patient's body (particularly DC current). Additionally, the patient's body can act as an undesired signal path from component to component (e.g., via contact with the housing or "can" of each component). Various systems and methods can be employed provide communication between system components. Some examples of possible communication techniques are described in PCT patent application No. PCT/US20/<NUM>. In some examples, data can be communicated to the implantable battery and/or communication module from an external component, such as a programmer as shown in <FIG>. In an exemplary process, a programmer, such as a clinician's computer, can be used to communicate with a patient's fully implanted system via the implantable battery and/or communication module, which can communicate information to other system components, such as via lead <NUM>.

During such processes, a clinician can communicate with the signal processor, and, in some cases, with other components via the signal processor. For example, the clinician can cause the signal processor to actuate an electrical and/or an acoustic stimulator in various ways, such as using various electrical stimulation parameters, combinations of active contact electrodes, various acoustic stimulation parameters, and various combinations thereof. Varying the stimulation parameters in real time can allow the clinician and patient to determine effectiveness of different stimulation techniques for the individual patient. Similarly, the clinician can communicate with the signal processor to update transfer function. For example, the clinician can repeatedly update the transfer function signal processor while testing the efficacy of each one on the individual patient. In some examples, combinations of stimulation parameters and signal processor transfer functions can be tested for customized system behavior for the individual patient.

In some embodiments, various internal properties of the system may be tested. For instance, various impedance values, such as a sensor impedance or a stimulator impedance can be tested such as described in <CIT>, entitled TRANSDUCER IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT FOR HEARING AID, which is assigned to the assignee of the instant application.

While shown in several embodiments (e.g., <FIG> and <FIG>) as being separate components connected by a lead (e.g., lead <NUM>), in some examples, the processor (e.g., <NUM>) and the stimulator (e.g., <NUM>) can be integrated into a single component, for example, within a hermetically sealed housing, as shown and discussed in PCT patent application No. <CIT>.

As described elsewhere herein, while many examples show a middle ear sensor being in communication with an implanted signal processor, in various embodiments, one or more additional or alternative input sources can be included. For instance, in some embodiments, a microphone can be implanted under a user's skin and can be placed in communication with the signal processor (e.g., via a detachable connector such as <NUM>). The signal processor can receive input signals from the implanted microphone and provide signals to the stimulator based on the received input signal and the signal processor transfer function.

In some situations, a wearer of a cochlear implant system (e.g., a system such as shown in <FIG>) may additionally use an external auditory aid device, such as an external hearing aid. Such external auditory aid devices may receive and amplify sounds before they reach an input source of an in-use cochlear implant system. However, operating parameters of an external auditory aid device (e.g., gain across a range of frequencies) can change the resulting output of the cochlear implant system if the system is programmed to operate without the presence of the external auditory aid device. This can result in the resulting stimulation being skewed because of the unexpected operation of the external auditory aid device. Such a stimulation may provide an inaccurate and/or uncomfortable hearing experience for the patient, and thus the operation of the of the implantable cochlear implant system may need to be adjusted or temporarily adjusted to compensate for the presence of an active external auditory aid device.

<FIG> show an illustration demonstrating how an external aid device can affect operation of a cochlear implant system. <FIG> shows an example plot of amplitude as a function of frequency output from the cochlear implant system. Solid line <NUM> shows the amplitude as a function of frequency of the cochlear implant system without an external auditory aid device active. Broken line <NUM> shows the amplitude as a function of frequency when an external auditory aid device amplifying low frequencies is active. As shown, the signal shape is significantly affected by additional amplification in the low frequencies, which can skew the perception of a sound by the wearer.

<FIG> shows an example plot of gain of an overall system (e.g., an external auditory aid device and cochlear implant system) as a function of frequency. Similar to <FIG>, solid line <NUM> shows gain of a cochlear implant system across a range of frequencies when no external auditory aid device is active. As shown, the gain is flat or approximately flat across the range of frequencies. Various benefits of and ways of achieving such an approximately flat gain curve are described in PCT patent application No. <CIT>. Broken line <NUM> shows an effective gain curve of the system when an external auditory aid device amplifying low frequencies is active. As shown, the gain is no longer flat across the range of frequencies due to the operation of the external auditory aid device. As noted above, this can skew the perception of a sound by a wearer. While <FIG> show an example in which an external auditory aid device amplifies lower frequencies more than higher frequencies, similar concepts may apply for any amplification provided by the external auditory aid device, such as if the device amplifies higher frequencies or the like. In some cases, any unexpected manipulation of sounds by an external auditory aid device prior to the sound reaching an input source of the cochlear implant system can result in the cochlear implant system operating undesirably.

In some embodiments, a cochlear implant system can be configured to compensate for operation of an external auditory aid device in order to reduce or eliminate the skewing of perceived sounds like those illustrated by the examples in <FIG>. <FIG> provides an schematic diagram illustrating example operation of an external auditory device with a cochlear implant system. As shown, an input source <NUM> of a fully-implantable cochlear implant system <NUM> may be configured to receive a stimulus 605a from an external stimulus <NUM>. As similarly discussed herein, the input source <NUM> may generate an input signal <NUM> based on the received stimulus 605a and output the input signal <NUM> to a signal processor <NUM>. The signal processor <NUM> may receive the input signal <NUM> and output a stimulation signal <NUM> to a stimulator <NUM>. In some embodiments, the signal processor <NUM> may be programmed with one or more transfer functions and is configured to receive one or more input signals <NUM> from the input source <NUM> and output the stimulation signal <NUM> to the stimulator <NUM> based on the received one or more input signals <NUM> and one or more other the transfer functions. Furthermore, the stimulator <NUM> may be configured to receive the stimulation signal <NUM> and generate a signal <NUM> to provide to a cochlear electrode, an acoustic stimulator, or the like.

As discussed herein, the fully-implantable cochlear implant system <NUM> may additionally comprise an implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>. The implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> may be in communication with the signal processor <NUM> and may be configured to provide electrical power to the signal processor <NUM>. Additionally or alternatively, the fully-implantable cochlear implant system may comprise a memory <NUM> in communication with the signal processor <NUM>. In some embodiments, such as shown in <FIG>, the memory <NUM> may be in communication with the signal processor via implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>. However, memory <NUM> may be additionally or alternatively in direct communication with the signal processor <NUM>.

In some embodiments, additional devices, such as external auditory aid device <NUM>, may be used to provide auditory aid to a patient. External auditory aid device <NUM> may comprise a variety of devices, such as an external hearing aid or other audio amplifier and/or filter that changes one or more characteristics of acoustic signal prior to its being received by an input source of the cochlear implant system (e.g., prior to entering the ear canal and being detected via a middle ear sensor). External auditory aid device <NUM> can be configured to receive an external stimulus <NUM> and output a modified stimulus 605b based on the properties of the external auditory aid device <NUM>. For example, in embodiments wherein the external auditory aid device <NUM> comprises an external hearing aid, the external auditory aid device <NUM> may be configured to receive the external stimulus <NUM> and artificially modify the external stimulus <NUM>, such as by amplifying lower frequency sounds as shown in the examples of <FIG>.

As discussed herein, because of the operation of the external auditory aid device <NUM>, stimulus 605b may be significantly different from stimulus 605a. As such, various issues may arise as the signal is transferred through various components of the fully-implantable cochlear implant system. Processing a stimulus 605b resulting from operation of external auditory aid device <NUM> rather than stimulus 605a may provide an inaccurate representation of the external stimulus <NUM> to a patient if the cochlear implant system <NUM> operates as if external auditory aid device <NUM> was not present or active.

In some examples, the cochlear implant system <NUM> can be configured to communicate with the external auditory aid device <NUM> via a wireless communication link <NUM>. For instance, in some embodiments, the external auditory aid device <NUM> can communicate wirelessly with the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> of cochlear implant system <NUM> such as shown in the example of <FIG>. In some examples, the cochlear implant system <NUM> can determine if or when the external auditory aid device <NUM> is active based on information received via wireless communication link <NUM>.

Additionally, in some examples, to reduce or eliminate any inaccurate representations of the external stimulus <NUM>, the transfer function used by the signal processor <NUM> may be updated or adjusted based on whether the external auditory aid device <NUM> is active. For example, the fully-implantable cochlear implant system <NUM> may be configured to receive information regarding whether the external auditory aid device is active. In some examples, cochlear implant system <NUM> can receive a status indicator signal via wireless communication link <NUM> indicative of operation of an external auditory aid device (e.g., whether the external auditory aid device is active). In some such embodiments, the presence of a status indicator signal received via wireless communication link <NUM> may indicate that the external auditory aid device <NUM> is active and the absence of such a status indicator signal via wireless communication link <NUM> may indicate that the external auditory aid device <NUM> is inactive.

In some embodiments, a status indicator signal may be communicated directly from external auditory aid device <NUM> to the cochlear implant system <NUM> via wireless communication link <NUM>. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, such status indicator signal may be received by the cochlear implant system <NUM> from other sources, such as an external control device (e.g. computer, tablet, phone, wearable device, programmer, fob, or the like).

Additionally or alternatively, the status indicator signal may be manually sent by a user, such as a wearer of the cochlear implant system (e.g. via an external control device). In some such instances, the user may provide a status indicator signal indicating whether the external auditory aid device is active, one or more operating parameters of the external auditory aid device, or the like. In some examples, a user may send a status indicator signal upon turning on the external auditory aid device, turning off the external auditory aid device, changing the settings on the external auditory aid device, or the like. In the various embodiments, a status indicator signal may be received over wireless communication, such as via NFC, Bluetooth, or the like.

In some embodiments, the status indicator signal may comprise an initial signal, such as a signal representing a change in the external auditory aid device (e.g. changing to active, changing to inactive, a different adjustment, or the like). Additionally or alternatively, the status indicator signal may comprise a continuous or intermittent signal, such as a signal representing the current state of the external auditory aid device. In some embodiments, the implantable cochlear implant system may additionally communicate with the external auditory aid device <NUM> (directly and/or indirectly via an external control device), such as to request information from the external auditory aid device, provide diagnostic information, or the like.

In some examples, once a status indicator signal is received indicating that the external auditory aid device is active, the transfer function of the signal processor <NUM> may be updated to compensate for the operation of the external auditory aid device <NUM>. As discussed herein, updating the transfer function to compensate for the operation of the external auditory aid device <NUM> may help reduce or eliminate skewing of the signal such as illustrated in <FIG>.

<FIG> provides an exemplary method of updating a transfer function to compensate for the operation of an external auditory aid device (e.g. external auditory aid device <NUM>). As shown in step <NUM>, a stimulus (e.g. stimulus 605a, stimulus 605b, or the like) may be received by the cochlear implant system (e.g. fully-implantable cochlear implant system <NUM>), such as by an input source (e.g. input source <NUM>). The cochlear implant system can generate one or more input signals (e.g. input signal <NUM>) based on the received stimulus (<NUM>) and output a stimulation signal (e.g. stimulation signal <NUM>) based on the received input signal(s) and a transfer function (<NUM>).

In some embodiments, as shown in step <NUM>, the method may further comprise receiving a status indicator signal (e.g. via wireless communication interface <NUM>) indicative of whether an external auditory aid device (e.g. external auditory aid device <NUM>) is active. If an external auditory aid device is not active ("No" in step <NUM>), the system can continue to operate in the same manner with the same transfer function. However, if an aid device (e.g. external auditory aid device <NUM>) is active (e.g. "Yes" in step <NUM>), the method includes updating the transfer function to compensate for the operation of the external auditory aid device (<NUM>). For example, the cochlear implant system can be configured to adjust the transfer function based on a gain profile of the external auditory aid device, such as by adjusting the transfer function to reduce gain in low frequencies if the external auditory aid device has higher gain in low frequencies.

In various embodiments, updating the transfer function as shown in step <NUM> of <FIG> can be performed in a variety of ways. For instance, in some embodiments, the signal processor <NUM> may be configured to use a first transfer function when the external auditory aid device <NUM> is inactive (e.g. the input source <NUM> receives stimulus 605a) and use a second transfer function when the external auditory aid device <NUM> is active (e.g. the input source <NUM> receives stimulus 605b). Furthermore, the first transfer function may be different than the second transfer function, for example, to compensate for the differences between stimulus 605a and stimulus 605b received at an input source. In some examples, such transfer functions can be stored in memory (e.g., <NUM> in <FIG>) such that the transfer functions can be implemented based on whether the external auditory aid device is active.

In such embodiments, the transfer function used in step <NUM> may be dependent on a received status indicator signal indicating one or more operating parameters of the external auditory aid device. For instance, in some examples, the cochlear implant system can be configured to determine one or more operating characteristics based on the status indicator signal received from an external auditory aid device and update the transfer function in response thereto. In an example embodiment, the status indicator signal can include information about gain vs. frequency of the external auditory aid device, and the system can be configured to update the transfer function to accommodate such a gain profile. For instance, in an example embodiment, the system can be configured to update the transfer function so that, when coupled with the operating characteristics of the external auditory aid device, the transfer function provides a desired gain response across a given frequency range (e.g., an approximately flat gain curve across a range of frequencies).

In various examples, updating the transfer function can include modifying one or more aspects of an existing transfer function or creating and implementing a new transfer function in view of the operating parameters of the external auditory aid device.

However, in some embodiments, one or more of the transfer functions may initially be not calibrated or created for optimized use with an external auditory aid device once the external auditory aid device becomes active (or updated to use updated operating parameters). For example, a cochlear implant system (e.g. fully-implantable cochlear implant system <NUM>) may lack information (e.g. stored in memory <NUM> or the like) regarding a specific transfer function for use when the external auditory aid device <NUM> is active. Additionally or alternatively, the settings of the external auditory aid device <NUM> and/or the cochlear implant system may be adjusted to the point that a transfer function for use when the external auditory aid device is active should be updated to reflect such changes. For example, a second transfer function stored in memory for use when an external auditory aid device may be suitable in some cases, but be less so in the event that operating parameters of the external auditory aid device are changed. Accordingly, in some examples, cochlear implant systems can be configured to establish or update transfer functions to be used to compensate for operation of an external auditory aid device.

In some cases, because of the nature of relationship between incoming external acoustic source and the stimulation received by a patients cochlea, adjusting the operation of the implantable cochlear system to compensate for the presence of an active external auditory aid device may comprise a more complicated relationship than simply raising or lowering the gain in the implantable cochlear implant system. For example, the external auditory aid device may use one or more gain control loops including one or more time constants other characteristics to adjust received external acoustic signals. Such operating parameters of the external auditory aid device could skew the acoustic signals provided to an input source of the cochlear implant system and accordingly provide a wearer with an inaccurate representation of the external acoustic signal.

In some embodiments, a status indicator signal can include operating characteristics of the external auditory aid device, such as gain profiles, time constants, control loop values, or the like associated with the operation of the external auditory aid device. In some such examples, a cochlear implant system can be configured to update the transfer function of the signal processor to accommodate for the operating characteristics of the external auditory aid device.

For example, in some embodiments, the signal processor of the cochlear implant system includes front end automatic gain control (AGC) including a non-linear gain control, for example, where soft sounds are amplified more than loud sounds. Such gain control can include time-based characteristics (e.g., one or more time constants associated with the gain control), for example, how quickly the gain changes over time, and such time-based characteristics can be important for understanding various sounds, such as speech. Suboptimal time-based characteristics in a gain control step can therefore negatively impact speech or other sound recognition.

External auditory aid devices often include similar AGC functions with time-based characteristics. However, when an external auditory aid device and cochlear implant system operate together, gain control features of each component may combine to ultimately skew time-based characteristics of the overall acoustic processing. Additionally, non-linear gain applied in both the external auditory aid device and the cochlear implant system can further skew the overall gain and yield undesirable results.

Accordingly in some examples, a cochlear implant system can be configured to update an internal AGC function in response to a received status indicator signal indicating the presence and operation of an external auditory aid device. For instance, in some examples, the status indicator signal includes information regarding one or more AGC parameters of the external auditory aid device (e.g., one or more time-based characteristics). The cochlear implant system can be configured to modify its AGC function in response to the received status indicator signal such that its AGC function and that of the external auditory aid device do not undesirably skew the combined audio processing of the external auditory aid device and the cochlear implant system. In some examples, the cochlear implant system is configured to disable its AGC function in response to a status indicator signal indicating an external auditory aid device is active. In such examples, the combined external auditory aid device and cochlear implant system can utilize the AGC function of the external auditory aid device.

Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the cochlear implant system can communicate with the external auditory aid device in response to receiving the status indicator signal indicating the presence of an active auditory aid device. In some such examples, the cochlear implant system can instruct the auditory aid device to disable its AGC function while continuing to operate the cochlear implant system with its AGC function. In such examples, the combined external auditory aid device and cochlear implant system can utilize the AGC function of the cochlear implant system.

In some embodiments, the cochlear implant system can be configured to update its transfer function in response to a received status indicator signal regardless of whether it changes or disables its AGC function. Similarly, in some embodiments, the cochlear implant system can be configured to update its transfer function in response to a received status indicator signal regardless of whether the external auditory aid device changes or disables its own AGC function. For example, in some embodiments, a single AGC function (either of the cochlear implant system or of the external auditory aid device) provides the overall AGC function, and the cochlear implant system is configured to update a signal processor transfer function independent of the AGC function in response to the status indicator signal signaling operation of and external auditory aid device.

In some examples, an implantable cochlear implant system may comprise a plurality of operating profiles (e.g., each being associated with a corresponding signal processor transfer function). For instance, in some embodiments, a cochlear implant system can include an operating profile for use when no external auditory aid device is active (e.g., device is inactive and/or not present) and another operating profile for an active external auditory aid device. In some examples, a cochlear implant system can be configured to update an operating profile based on received information regarding the operating characteristics of the external auditory aid device.

For instance, in an example embodiment, a cochlear implant system can include at least a first operating profile having a first associated transfer function and a second operating profile having a second associated transfer function. The first operating profile can be used when the system detects no active external auditory aid devices, and the second operating profile can be used when the system detects an active external auditory aid device. The cochlear implant system can be configured to receive information from an external auditory aid device regarding one or more operating characteristics of the external auditory aid device, and the second operating profile (e.g., the second transfer function) can be based the one or more operating characteristics of the auditory aid device.

<FIG> is a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary process for establishing a preferred transfer function for a patient such as a preferred transfer function for a cochlear implant system comprising an external auditory aid device (e.g. external auditory aid device <NUM>). The method can include connecting an external programmer to the implantable battery and/or communication module (step <NUM>). Connecting can include, for example, establishing a wireless connection (e.g., Bluetooth communication) between an external programmer and the implantable battery and/or communication module. The external programmer can include any variety of components capable of providing programming instructions to the implantable battery and/or communication module, such as a computer, smartphone, tablet, or the like.

Once communication is established, if there is no transfer function active (step <NUM>), a transfer function can be established (step <NUM>). In some embodiments, the check to see if a transfer function is active (step <NUM>) may comprise checking to see if a transfer function is active for present configuration of the cochlear implant system and external auditory aid device. For example, if the settings of the external auditory aid device have been adjusted, a new external auditory aid device is being used, or the like a transfer function may be established or updated (step <NUM>). In such examples, the settings for the external auditory aid device may be used to update the corresponding transfer function prior to testing the efficacy of said transfer function. For example, if the settings of the external auditory aid device were adjusted to provide more or less amplification to lower frequencies, the corresponding transfer function may be updated to reflect the settings of the external auditory aid device, such as by adjusting the lower frequencies of the transfer function accordingly.

If a transfer function is already active, or after one has been established (step <NUM>), the programmer can be used to input one or more simulated "sounds" to the signal processor. Such "sounds" can be received and treated by the signal processor as if they were received from an input source such as a middle ear sensor. The "sounds" can be, for example, computer-generated signals designed to simulate various input signals, such as a range of frequencies, phonetic sounds, or other distinguishable sound characteristics.

The process can further include testing the efficacy of one or more transfer functions (step <NUM>). This can include, for example, determining how well the patient responds to each sound provided a given transfer function. In some examples, this can include rating the transfer function under test for each of the "sounds" and determining an aggregate score for the transfer function based on the score(s) associated with the one or more "sounds.

After testing the efficacy of the transfer function, if not all desired transfer functions have been tested (step <NUM>), the signal transfer function can be updated (step <NUM>). The one or more simulated "sounds" can be input to the signal processor (step <NUM>) and processed according to the updated transfer function, and the efficacy of the updated transfer function can be tested (step <NUM>). Once all desired transfer functions have been tested (step <NUM>), a transfer function for the user can be created or selected and implemented for the patient (step <NUM>). In some examples, a best transfer function of the tested transfer functions is selected based on a user preference, a highest score, or other metric. In other examples, composite results from the tested transfer functions can be combined to create a customized transfer function for the patient. Furthermore, in some embodiments multiple transfer functions may be saved, such as one transfer function for when an external auditory aid device is active and another transfer function for when an external auditory aid device is inactive.

In other examples, rather than continually updating the transfer function, simulated "sounds" can be pre-processed outside of the signal processor, for example, on site with a clinician or audiologist. For instance, in an exemplary process, one or more simulated sounds can be pre-processed using processing software to establish simulated stimulation signals that would result from a particular input signal being processed via a particular transfer function. In some examples, such signals can be transferred to, for example, the signal processor for directly applying stimulation signals to the wearer.

Communication to the stimulator can be performed, for example, directly from various system components, such as a programmer. In other examples, such communication can be performed via the implantable battery and/or communication module and signal processor. For instance, in an exemplary embodiment, pre-processed signals can be communicated to the implantable battery and/or communication module via a wireless (e.g., Bluetooth) communication. The implantable battery and/or communication module can communicate the pre-processed signals to the signal processor, which can be configured with a unity transfer function. Thus, the signal processor merely passes the pre-processed signals on to the stimulator for performing stimulation.

In some embodiments, the one or more "sounds" within the process performed in <FIG> can include one or more simulated sounds that are a predicted output from an active external auditory aid device. For example, one or more operating parameters of an external auditory aid device can be used to generate one or more simulated "sounds" to mimic operation of the external auditory aid device. In an example process, the method of <FIG> can be performed for a first plurality of simulated "sounds" to create a first transfer function. The process can be repeated for a second plurality of simulated "sounds," the second plurality of simulated "sounds" corresponding to each of the first plurality of simulated "sounds" as would be modified by an external auditory aid device operating with certain operating parameters. The second plurality of simulated "sounds" can be used to establish a second transfer function for use when an external auditory aid device operating with such operating parameters is active (e.g., as determined via a received status indicator signal). In various examples, such a process can be repeated for any number of different external auditory aid device operating parameters to establish a corresponding transfer function for use when the external auditory aid device is active with such operating parameters.

In some embodiments, one or more implanted system components comprises a near field communication component configured to facilitate communication between the system and an external device only when brought into very close proximity to the near field communication component. In some such examples, once near-field communication is established, the pairing for longer-range wireless communication (e.g., Bluetooth) can be established. For instance, in an exemplary embodiment, a charger and an implantable battery and/or communication module can each include near field communication components for establishing a secure, near field communication and subsequently pairing to each other for additional wireless communication.

In some embodiments, systems can communicate with external devices to assist in fitting and/or calibrating the implanted system. <FIG> shows an example configuration of an interfacing device configured to assist in system calibration. As shown, a fitting hub <NUM> may be configured to communicate with an external auditory aid device <NUM> and/or an implantable cochlear implant system. In some embodiments, the fitting hub may comprise or be in communication with a laptop, PC, smartphone, tablet, smartwatch or the like. Additionally or alternatively, the fitting hub <NUM> may be a standalone device. As shown, the fitting hub <NUM> may include or otherwise communicate with a speaker <NUM>, which can output a sound based on a command from the fitting hub <NUM>.

In the illustrated example, fitting hub <NUM> includes a wireless communication interface <NUM> (e.g., a Bluetooth interface) that can communicate with a communication interface <NUM> of an implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>. In some examples, the fitting hub <NUM> includes or is otherwise capable of interfacing with a near field communication component (e.g., a communication coil) to enable Bluetooth communication between the fitting hub <NUM> and an implanted system (e.g., via an implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>) such as described elsewhere herein. Additionally or alternatively, another device (e.g., a charger) can be used to enable wireless (e.g. Bluetooth) communication between the fitting hub <NUM> and the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>.

During an exemplary calibration process, the fitting hub <NUM> can be configured to output a sound via speaker <NUM> and also communicate information about the sound (e.g., intensity, frequency content, etc.) to the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> of the implanted system. The implanted system, e.g., via the signal processor <NUM>, can be configured to compare the output of the sensor <NUM> (received at the signal processor <NUM>) to the actual sound emitted from the speaker <NUM>. This data can be repeated for a plurality of sounds from output from the speaker (e.g., various frequencies and/or amplitudes) and used to determine the relationships between sounds picked up from the sensor <NUM> and the output from the sensor <NUM> to the signal processor <NUM>. Based on this information, the signal processor <NUM> transfer function can be calibrated so that stimulation signals sent to the stimulator <NUM> based on the output from the sensor <NUM> accurately represent the sound from the environment. Additionally or alternatively, the information can be used to identify how effectively the sensor responds to various external acoustic stimuli, such as different frequencies, intensities, etc. This information can be determined specifically for the wearer, since the sensor response may depend on various factors specific to the wearer and/or the positioning of the sensor.

In some embodiments, the fitting hub <NUM> may be configured to output one or more sounds comprising a single frequency and/or single intensity. For example, it may be beneficial to output multiple sounds over the common human hearing range (e.g. <NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM>). However, other frequency ranges may be used, such as depending on the age of the patient, the hearing abilities of the patient, or the like. In some embodiments, each sound may have a signal frequency component at an intensity, such as various tones. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more sounds may comprise complex frequency and intensity components, such as sounds representing various beeps, words, noises, or other sounds known to one of ordinary skill in the art.

While described as taking place in the implantable system (e.g., the signal processor <NUM>), the calibration process can be similarly performed via the fitting hub <NUM>. For example, the speaker <NUM> can output a sound based on instructions from the fitting hub <NUM>. The sensor <NUM> can output a signal based on the sensor response to the sound emitted from the speaker <NUM>, and the signal processor <NUM> can receive the signal from the sensor <NUM> and output stimulation signals to the stimulator <NUM> based on the received signals and the transfer function. In some embodiments, the transfer function may be based on a received status indicator signal, as discussed herein.

In various examples, the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> can be configured to receive any combination of signals from the sensor <NUM>, the stimulation signals from the signal processor <NUM>, or signals representative of one or both of such signals. The implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> can then communicate one or more signals to the fitting hub <NUM> representative of the output of the sensor <NUM> and/or the signal processor <NUM> in response to the sound output from speaker <NUM>. The comparison of the sound output from the speaker <NUM> and the corresponding resulting signal(s) in the implanted system can be performed via processing in the fitting hub <NUM>. Similar to discussed above, this comparison can be used to determine the relationships between sounds picked up from the sensor <NUM> and the output from the sensor <NUM> to the signal processor <NUM>. Based on this information, the transfer function can be calibrated so that stimulation signals sent to the stimulator <NUM> based on the output from the sensor <NUM> accurately represent the sound from the environment. Additionally or alternatively, the information can be used to identify how effectively the sensor responds to various external acoustic stimuli, such as different frequencies, intensities, etc. This information can be determined specifically for the wearer, since the sensor response may depend on various factors specific to the wearer, the positioning of the sensor, and/or any external auditory aid devices being used.

In some examples, the fitting hub <NUM> may comprise a user interface in the form of an application on the fitting hub or in communication with the fitting hub. In such embodiments, features and/or functions of the fitting hub <NUM> can be performed via the application. In some such embodiments, a wearer and/or physician can provide an input via the application, for example, during various processes described herein. In some embodiments, a wearer can receive a sound from the fitting hub <NUM> and provide input, via the application, indicating whether the sound was heard or not heard, was too loud or too quiet, was distinguishable or not distinguishable from a previous sound, and/or other inputs. In some examples, an implant system (e.g., via fitting hub <NUM> or implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>) can be configured to update a transfer function in response to such received inputs.

In some embodiments, the fitting hub <NUM> may be configured to communicate to a remote facility, for example, with a physician such as an audiologist. In some such embodiments, the fitting hub <NUM> includes a remote communication device configured to communicate with such a remote facility, for example, via the internet. The remote communication device configured to communicate with such a remote facility, for example, via the internet. The remote communication device can communicate various information associated with the fitting hub <NUM>, the external auditory aid device <NUM>, and/or the implanted cochlear implants, to an additional device, such as a device used by an audiologist. Additionally or alternatively, the remote communication device can be configured to receive inputs from the remote facility, such as inputs related to features and/or functions performed by the fitting hub, the external auditory aid device, and/or the implanted cochlear implants. For example, in some instances, an audiologist operating at a remote facility can trigger the fitting hub <NUM> to output one or more predetermined sounds and/or perform one or more fitting functions. Additionally or alternatively, the audiologist can receive information such as the wearers use of the cochlear implant system, the wearers use of the external auditory aid device, update features of one or more devices, receive updates on tests, initiate/run tests, receive any feedback regarding the use or usability of the implantable cochlear implants, and/or the like.

In embodiments comprising an external auditory aid device (e.g. external auditory aid device <NUM>), calibration processes such as discussed herein may be similarly performed to accommodate for situations in which external auditory aid device is active as well as when the external auditory aid device is inactive. In such situations, such exemplary calibration processes can be performed while the external auditory aid device <NUM> is active such that the transfer function (e.g. a second transfer function) can be calibrated to represent sounds from the environment.

In such a calibration processes, the implanted system can be configured to receive a status indicator signal indicative of whether the external auditory aid device is active. The cochlear implant system can implement a transfer function based on the received status indicator signal (e.g., a first transfer function if the external auditory aid device is inactive and a second transfer function if the external auditory aid device is active.

For instance, with reference to <FIG>, stimulus 605a (e.g. without any modifications from an external auditory aid device) can include a sound emitted from speaker <NUM> in <FIG>, and stimulus 605b may be representative the actual sound emitted from speaker <NUM> after modifications from an active external auditory aid device <NUM>. Calibration processes such as described herein can comprise determining a relationship between the actual sound (e.g. stimulus 605a) and the resulting signal generated via the input source (e.g. stimulus 605b) (e.g., determining a gain factor associated with the operation of the external auditory aid device). Such a gain factor may be used to update the corresponding transfer function, as described herein.

As described herein, some embodiments may comprise multiple external auditory aid device configurations and/or multiple settings on an auditory aid device. In such embodiments, a calibration process can be performed multiple times, such as for one or more external auditory aid device configurations and/or one or more settings on an external auditory aid device.

<FIG> is a process flow diagram showing an example process for calibrating an implanted system. In some examples, one or more sensors (e.g., a sensor contacting the incus such as sensor <NUM> shown in <FIG>) can detect a physiological phenomenon known as a stapedial reflex, in which muscles in the middle ear contract in response to various stimuli, such as loud sounds or the expectation of loud sounds. In some examples, an implanted signal processor in communication with such a sensor can recognize the occurrence of a stapedial reflex based on a characteristic output, for instance, via preprogrammed signal recognition or via a learning process, in which the stapedial reflex is triggered and the response from the sensor is measured and learned.

The calibration process of <FIG> includes applying electrical stimulation at a predetermined intensity (step <NUM>) and measuring a physiological response via a middle ear sensor (step <NUM>). The measured physiological response can be used to detect whether or not a stapedial reflex has occurred (step <NUM>). If a stapedial reflex is not detected, the intensity of the electrical stimulation is increased (step <NUM>), and electrical stimulation at the new intensity is applied (step <NUM>) and the physiological response is measured (step <NUM>). This process can be repeated until the stapedial reflex is detected at step <NUM>.

Once the stapedial reflex is detected, the intensity that caused the stapedial reflex can be mapped to a predetermined sound pressure level (step <NUM>). For instance, in some examples, the lowest electrical intensity determined to cause the detected stapedial reflex can be mapped to an input sound pressure of <NUM> dB. The method can include calibrating stimulation intensities as a function of sound pressure level (step <NUM>) based on the mapping of the stapedial reflex-causing intensity to the predetermined sound pressure level.

The calibration process of <FIG> can be initiated in a variety of ways. For example, in various embodiments, the process can be initiated by one or more components in communication with the implanted system, such as a programmer, charger, fitting hub, or the like. Such processes can be performed during an initial fitting and/or a calibration after a period of use of the system.

Leveraging fully implanted system and initiating the process via a wireless communication (e.g., from a programmer, fitting hub, another external device, etc.), greatly simplifies the process of triggering and/or detecting the stapedial reflex. For example, utilizing a cochlear electrode (e.g., <NUM>) to cause the stapedial reflex and sensing the reflex using an implanted middle ear sensor eliminates the need for tedious diagnostic equipment such as tympanometry equipment for analyzing a stapedial reflex.

In some examples, the systems and processes described with respect to <FIG> can be used in the calibration steps discussed with respect to <FIG>. For instance, in an illustrative example, the fitting hub <NUM> of <FIG> can cause a speaker <NUM> to produce a sound having a sound pressure level of <NUM> dB while also communicating (e.g., via Bluetooth communication) the details of the sound (e.g., intensity, frequency, etc.) to the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>. The output of the sensor <NUM> in response to the <NUM> dB sound can be identified and associated with the lowest electrical stimulation intensity that causes the detected stapedial reflex. Such a process can be repeated for a plurality of frequencies to link various external acoustic stimuli (e.g., from speaker <NUM>) to particular electrical stimulations. Furthermore, such a process can be performed while an external auditory aid device (e.g. additional auditory aid device <NUM>) is active and/or while the external auditory aid device is inactive such as to link various external acoustic stimuli (e.g., from speaker <NUM>) to particular electrical stimulations such that the electrical stimulations for the various external acoustic stimuli are relatively similar when the external auditory aid device is active or inactive. For example, in some embodiments, the process of <FIG> can be performed when an external auditory aid device is active in order to calibrate stimulation intensity as a function of sound pressure level when the external auditory aid device is active. Such calibration can be used to set parameters of a second transfer function to be used when the external auditory aid device is active (e.g., when a cochlear implant system determines via a received status indicator signal that the external auditory aid device is active).

Several embodiments discussed herein generally relate to a cochlear implant system. As discussed herein, cochlear implant systems can comprise a cochlear electrode implanted into the cochlear tissues of a wearer, as well as various other components such as an electrical stimulator, signal processor, and a middle ear sensor. Furthermore, one or more external auditory aid devices may be used in conjunction with the cochlear implant system as described herein. In some embodiments, the cochlear implant system comprises components implanted into one or both sides of a wearer. For example, a system can comprise components implanted in a wearer's left side (e.g. for their left ear), their right side (e.g. for their right ear), or both.

<FIG> is a schematic diagram showing establishing a secure wireless connection between various components in an implantable system. In the illustrated example, a charger <NUM> is configured to communicate with implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>. Charger <NUM> includes a wireless communication component <NUM>, such as a Bluetooth link, that can facilitate communication between the charger <NUM> and other devices. Charger <NUM> further includes a near field communication component <NUM>, such as a coil, and a processor/memory component <NUM> that can receive signals from and communicate signals to near field communication component <NUM> and/or wireless communication component <NUM>.

Implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> includes a wireless communication component <NUM>, such as a Bluetooth link, that can facilitate communication between the charger <NUM> and other devices. Implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> further includes a near field communication component <NUM>, such as a coil, and a processor/memory component <NUM> that can receive signals from and communicate signals to near field communication component <NUM> and/or wireless communication component <NUM>.

In some embodiments, the near field communication components <NUM> and <NUM> comprise coils capable of establishing near field wireless communication therebetween. In some embodiments, the coils can also be used to transfer power between a power source <NUM> of the charger <NUM> to a power source <NUM> of the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>, for example, to charge the power source <NUM> in the implanted system for continued use. In various embodiments, power source <NUM> and/or power source <NUM> can include one or more batteries, capacitors (e.g., supercapacitors), and/or other power storage devices that can store and provide electrical energy to other components. In some embodiments, power source <NUM> in charger <NUM> can include an external or removable power source, such as a removable or replaceable battery and/or a power cord that can be plugged into a standard wall receptacle.

In some examples, implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> is unable to communicate with an external component (e.g. an external fitting hub, an external auditory aid device, or the like) via wireless communication component <NUM> until such communication is first enabled. In such embodiments, enabling such communication is performed via near field communication component <NUM> to ensure that devices are not accidentally or undesirably paired with the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>.

In the exemplary embodiment of <FIG>, the numbers in square boxes illustrate an exemplary sequential process for establishing wireless communication between the charger <NUM> and the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>. In the illustrated embodiment, charger <NUM> first establishes contact with the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> via near field communication components <NUM>, <NUM>. In various embodiments, such near field communication is only operation within very short distances, such as within two inches, for example. This prevents other devices from accidentally or undesirably establishing near field communication with implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>. During execution of this step, a user may position the charger <NUM> proximate their pectoral region in which the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> is implanted to enable such communication. In some examples, after pairing the charger <NUM> and implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> via near field communication <NUM>, <NUM>, such devices can subsequently communicate via wireless communication <NUM>, <NUM>. In some examples, such pairing can be performed as described in PCT patent application No. <CIT>.

In some embodiments, an external device <NUM> (e.g., a smartphone, other audio/media sources, an external auditory aid device, a fitting hub) can include a wireless communication component <NUM> and processor/memory <NUM> capable of facilitating communication with implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> (e.g., via wireless communication component <NUM>), but might lack a near field communication component for pairing the external device <NUM>. Thus, in some examples, the paired charger <NUM> can be configured to enable subsequent pairing of the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> with an external device <NUM>.

The circled reference numerals show an order of exemplary pairing of external device <NUM> with an implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>. The charger <NUM> can communicate with the external device <NUM> via wireless communication components <NUM>, <NUM>, for example, to determine that a user wishes to pair the external device <NUM> with the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>. The charger <NUM> can then communicate with the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> (e.g., via wireless communication component <NUM>, <NUM>) to pair the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> with the external device <NUM> to enable subsequent wireless communication between implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> and the external device <NUM> (e.g., via wireless communication component <NUM>, <NUM>).

In some examples, once a device is paired with the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>, it can be used to subsequently pair additional devices to the implantable battery and/or communication module as described above with respect to the charger <NUM>. In other embodiments, only some devices include the ability to pair additional devices with the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>, such as only the charger <NUM>. In still further examples, every device must be paired with the implantable battery and/or communication module via a near field communication process (e.g., via field communication component <NUM>) before longer range wireless (e.g., Bluetooth) communication can be established.

Additionally or alternatively, once an external device is paired with the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>, the external device (e.g. external device <NUM>) may be used to perform additional functions. In some embodiments, the additional functions may comprise adjusting one or more transfer functions of the signal processor. In some examples, the external device includes or otherwise communicate with one or more sensors and can be configured to update a transfer function of the signal processor based on one or more signals detected via the one or more sensors. In some such examples, one or more such sensors can include a microphone, a location sensor (e.g. GPS, location based on one or more available wireless networks, etc.), a clock, or other sensors known to one of ordinary skill in the art. In some embodiments, external device (e.g., <NUM>) including or in communication with such one or more sensors includes a smartphone, tablet, computer, or external auditory aid device.

In embodiments wherein the external device includes, or is in communication with, a microphone, the external device can be configured to reprogram the signal processor based on information collected from the microphone representative of the acoustic environment. For example, the external device can be configured to identify background noise (e.g. low-end noise) and update one or more transfer functions accordingly. In some such examples, the external device can be configured to reduce gain for low-end signals and/or emphasize other sounds or frequency ranges, such as speech or other sounds having a higher frequency. In some embodiments, a user can initiate the process of identifying background noise for adjusting the operation of the signal processor via the external device, for example, via a user interface (e.g., a smartphone or tablet touchscreen).

In embodiments in which the external device includes or is in communication with a location sensor and/or a clock, the external device may reprogram the signal processor based on a detected location and/or time. For instance, in an example embodiment, when the external device is located in a place known to be loud (e.g. a mall or sports stadium), the external device can be configured to detect the location and automatically reprogram the signal processor to reduce background noise (e.g., a particular frequency or range of frequencies) and/or reduce the overall gain associated with a transfer function. Similarly, in some examples, when located in a place in which a wearer may wish to particularly recognize speech (e.g., a movie theater) the external device can be configured to reprogram the signal processor to emphasize frequencies associated with speech.

In some examples, one or more transfer functions can be updated to reduce a contribution of identified background noise. In some embodiments, reducing a contribution of identified background noise comprises emphasizing signals having frequency content between approximately <NUM> and <NUM>. In some such examples, updating a transfer function to reduce a contribution of the identified background noise comprises emphasizing signals having frequency content between approximately <NUM> and <NUM>. Emphasizing signals in such frequency ranges can help emphasize human speech or other similar signals within a noisy environment.

Additionally or alternatively, the external device can be configured to reprogram the signal processor based on a determined time of day. For example, at times when the wearer generally doesn't want to be bothered (e.g. at night), the external device can be configured to lower the volume of all or most sounds. In some examples, the wearer may additionally or alternatively temporarily reprogram the signal processor via the external device to adjust one or more transfer functions of the signal processor (e.g., to reduce volume) for a predetermined amount of time (e.g. <NUM> minutes, <NUM> hour, or <NUM> day).

In some examples, reprogramming the signal processor comprises adjusting a transfer function to effect a relative change (e.g., reduce volume). In some cases, reprogramming the signal processor comprises implementing a predefined transfer function in response to received data, such as location data indicating the wearer is in a particular location. In some such examples, a plurality of pre-programmed transfer functions are stored in a memory and can be implemented based on data acquired via one or more sensors of the external device and/or the activity of one or more external auditory aid devices.

In some embodiments, the external device can be configured to provide an input signal based on audio generated by the external device. For example, the external device can be a smartphone, and can provide an input signal to a wearers implantable battery and/or communication module comprising audio from a phone call, text to speech audio (e.g. reading a text message or an article out loud), and/or media audio (e.g. videos, music, games, etc.). The implantable battery and/or communication module can be configured to relay the input signal to the signal processor for the signal processor to convert into corresponding stimulation signals.

With reference back to <FIG>, in various embodiments, once a device (e.g., charger <NUM>, external device <NUM>, etc.) has been paired with the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> for wireless communication, information associated with the pairing (e.g., device identifiers, etc.) can be stored in one or more memory components (e.g., <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) so that the pairing need not be performed again in the future. In some embodiments, one or more devices can be unpaired from communication with the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM>. For instance, the device can be used to disconnect from the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> if the device is no longer being used by the user (e.g., discarded, returned, given away, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, a device can be automatically unpaired if the device has not established wireless communication with the implantable battery and/or communication module <NUM> within a certain amount of time since the last connection. For instance, in an exemplary embodiment, if a device transmitting a Bluetooth audio stream to an implanted system via the implantable battery and/or communication module becomes disconnected from the implantable battery and/or communication module for greater than <NUM> minutes, the device becomes unpaired from the implantable battery and/or communication module and must be re-paired for future use.

Pairing processes described herein can be used to establish communication between and external auditory aid device and a cochlear implant system. Such communication can be used to communicate a status indicator signal from the external auditory aid device to the cochlear implant system such as described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, communication between an external auditory aid device and a cochlear implant system can be established via a pairing device, such as described in <CIT>, published as <CIT> and entitled PROGRAMMING OF COCHLEAR IMPLANT ACCESSORIES.

While several embodiments described herein include receiving a status indicator signal via the cochlear implant system, in some examples, the status indicator signal can be received by an external control device in communication with the cochlear implant system. In some such examples, an external control device (e.g., a programmer or charger) in communication with the cochlear implant system can receive a status indicator signal representative of operation of an external auditory aid device. The external control device can communicate with the cochlear implant system to update the transfer function based on the received status indicator signal such as via processes similar to those discussed herein.

Claim 1:
A system comprising:
a cochlear implant system (<NUM>) comprising:
a cochlear electrode (<NUM>);
a stimulator (<NUM>) in electrical communication with the cochlear electrode (<NUM>);
an input source (<NUM>) configured to receive a stimulus and generate an input signal representative of the received stimulus, wherein the received stimulus is representative of an external acoustic signal;
a signal processor (<NUM>) in communication with the stimulator (<NUM>) and the input source (<NUM>), the signal processor (<NUM>) being programmed with a transfer function and being configured to receive one or more input signals from the input source (<NUM>) and output a stimulation signal to the stimulator (<NUM>) based on the received one or more input signals and the transfer function; and an implantable battery and/or communication module in communication with the signal processor (<NUM>) and being configured to provide electrical power to the signal processor (<NUM>); and
the cochlear implant system (<NUM>) is configured to:
receive a status indicator signal indicative of whether an external auditory aid device (<NUM>) is active; and
update the transfer function of the signal processor (<NUM>) to compensate for operation of the external auditory aid device (<NUM>) if the external auditory aid device (<NUM>) is active.