Patent Description:
Medical or surgical instruments such as forceps or scissors are used for minimally invasive surgery. Minimally invasive surgery is less traumatic than open surgery for a patient and requires shorter recovery times and thus causes significantly lower treatment costs.

Surgical instruments for minimally invasive surgery are well known from the prior art. A surgical instrument according to prior art is disclosed in <CIT> for example and is shown in <FIG>. The surgical instrument comprises a proximal handle, a shaft extending in a distal direction from the handle, and an effector at the distal end section of the shaft. The effector can be a (medical) forceps or scissor. The handle comprises an ergonomically shaped handle piece, which is mounted in an inclinable manner to a coupling member via a hinge mechanism. The coupling member is pivotably connected to the shaft. The handle piece comprises a first manipulator in the form of a rotary knob and a second manipulator in the form of a handle lever or trigger. Thus, the surgical instrument comprises operating mechanisms for three independent movements of the effector. Actuation of the handle lever or trigger actuates the effector, preferably opens or closes the jaws of the effector. A pivoting or inclining movement of the handle piece deflects the distal end section of the shaft including the effector. A rotational movement of the rotary knob rotates the distal end section around its longitudinal axis. Furthermore, the shaft can be rotated relative to the proximal handle by rotating a second rotary knob.

The distal end section including the effector follows the movement of the wrist during deflection. However, to achieve the full functionality of the surgical instrument, the user needs to actuate multiple operating mechanism at once. For example, the user must incline or pivot the handle piece to deflect the distal end section and at the same time rotate the rotary knob to rotate the distal end section. Therefore, precise control of the individual manipulators is difficult and forces the user to hold his hand in an uncomfortable position. More concrete, holding the surgical instrument forces the user in a constrained posture. When the user releases the handle piece, the distal end section returns to its original position. Furthermore, the second rotary knob rotating the shaft can be difficult to reach with only one hand.

Therefore, it is preferable to operate every operating mechanisms sequentially or independently from each other. There is further a need to hold the effector in its position, when the effector is either deflected or closed.

<CIT> discloses an endoscope with a handle and a distal effector. The handle comprises three actuating elements. Two of the actuating elements are rotary knob that are arranged behind each other and are rotatable around the same rotational axis. A rotation of the first rotary knob rotates the distal end section around the longitudinal axis of the shaft. A rotation of the second rotary knob bends the distal end section in a bending plane. The handle further comprises a lever that is actuated by the palm of the user. Actuation of the lever actuates the distal effector, i.e. opens or closes the jaws of the forceps.

<CIT> discloses a surgical instrument with a handle, a shaft and a distal effector. The handle comprises a first and a second actuating member, which are both rotatable around each respective rotational axis. Furthermore, the handle comprises a pistol-shaped lever to actuate the distal effector.

However, for a good user experience/ good operability of the instrument, it is advantageous to provide an instrument with only two actuating elements.

<CIT> also discloses a surgical instrument with a handle, a shaft and a distal effector. The handle comprises a first actuating member that is rotatable around a rotational axis, which is a longitudinal axis of the shaft. The first actuating member is also movable along the longitudinal axis. The handle further comprises a second actuating member that is a pistol-shaped lever. The second actuating member actuates an opening and closing movement of the distal effector.

In view of the disadvantages of the state of the art, it is the objective of the present disclosure to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, in particular to provide a surgical instrument with improved operability enabling a user to operate the surgical instrument with one hand.

The object of the present disclosure is solved by a surgical instrument according to claim <NUM>. Dependent claims disclose embodiments.

The present disclosure relates to a surgical instrument with a (proximal) handle, a shaft extending from the handle into a distal direction, and an effector, preferably a (medical/surgical) forceps or a scissor, at a distal end section of the shaft. The handle comprises a plurality of manual actuating members being adapted to manipulate the effector for rotating, tilting and open-closing movements. The plurality of manual actuating members consists of a first actuating member and a second actuating member. The first actuating member is rotatable around a rotational axis, which is a longitudinal axis of the shaft or that is parallel offset to the longitudinal axis. The second actuating member being rotatable around a rotational axis, which is identical to the rotational axis of the first actuating member or is parallel offset thereto and being movable (axially) along the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

The actuating members of the surgical instrument cause different movements of the distal end section of the shaft including the effector. Every movement of the actuating members causes a different and independent movement of the distal end section or the distal effector. The different movements of the distal tip are a rotation around the longitudinal axis of the shaft and a tilting or bending movement in a tilting or bending plane. Further, the effector, preferably the forceps or scissor, can be opened and closed. For the movements of the distal end section, the two actuating members are provided at the handle. The two actuating members are arranged next to each other, preferably in a longitudinal axis that is identical to the longitudinal axis of the shaft and of the handle. The first actuating member is rotatable around the axis; the second actuating member is also rotatable around the axis. Therefore, the two actuating members are preferably rotatable around the same rotational axis. Additionally, the second actuating member is moveable axially or translationally along the longitudinal axis. The axial movement of the second actuating member is independent of the rotational movement of the second actuating member. The second actuating member can be moved from a distal position to a proximal position and back.

To summarize, the core of the present disclosure is to steer every movement of the distal end section of the shaft and the effector at the distal with only the two actuating members that are operable with only one hand.

The surgical instrument has the following advantages. The user can hold and operate the surgical instrument with only one hand. The handles are arranged in a way that the user must not change his grip during operation of the surgical instrument. The user can reach all actuating members and execute all possible movements of the actuating members without changing the position of the grip. Furthermore, only two the two actuating members are necessary to operate the surgical instrument. The two actuating members can be actuated independently from each other. The different movements of the effector can be activated sequentially. Especially, the user must not hold one of the actuating members while actuating or moving the other one. This simplifies operating the surgical instrument.

Advantageous aspects of the present disclosure are part of the attached sub claims.

Preferably, the (axial) movement of the second actuating member along the longitudinal axis of the shaft actuates the distal effector, preferably opens or closes the jaws of the forceps. Sliding of the second actuating member in an axial direction causes the opening/closing movement of the effector. It is very easy to actuate the effector. The user does not need to change its grip on the handle to open or close the effector.

Preferably, the effector is open when the second actuating member is in its distal position and the effector is closed when the second actuating member is in its proximal position. Therefore, the effector can be closed by pulling the second actuating member towards the user. That provides intuitive handling of the effector for the user/operator.

Preferably, the second actuating member is connected to a locking spring in an axially fixed manner. The second actuating member can move the locking spring at least during a movement from the distal to the proximal position. The second actuating member may comprise an actuating wheel and a collar extending from the actuating wheel in a proximal direction. The collar may comprise a shoulder that engages with the locking spring and moves the locking spring axially. Preferably, the locking spring is axially moveable independently from the collar, when the second actuating member is in the proximal position.

The locking spring may comprise a round main body that is positioned concentrically to the longitudinal axis of the handle. Two locking arms extend in the distal direction from the main body. The locking arms are arranged on diametrically opposite sides of the longitudinal axis.

Preferably, the locking spring is connected to a (wire) spring in an axially fixed manner and the axial movement of the locking spring compresses the spring. The locking spring may be connected to the spring such that the axis of the axial movement of the locking spring corresponds to a longitudinal axis of the spring. When the spring is fully compressed, it is moved in the axial direction, too. When the distal end section of the shaft is tilted, the distance between the distal end section with the effector and the second actuating member changes. The spring can vary its longitudinal extension and is able to compensate the change in distance.

The spring provides a resistance for the user when pushing the second actuating member to the proximal position. Additionally, the spring pushes the second actuating member back to its distal position when the effector is opened by the user.

Preferably, the spring is connected to a connector or a connecting member in an axially fixed manner. The connector can move axially with the axial movement of the spring. The connector may comprises a base plate on which the spring is attached. When the locking spring is moved axially and the spring is compressed, the connector is also moved in the axial direction.

Preferably, the connector comprises an elongated base member that is connected to an actuation tube in an axially fixed manner. The elongated base member is a tube that surrounds the actuation tube. That means that the actuation tube is moved axially, when the connector is moved. Preferably, the actuation tube extends along the shaft of the surgical instrument and is connected to the effector at its distal end section. Therefore, an (axial) movement of the actuation tube actuates the distal effector.

To sum up, the axial movement of the second actuating member may be transmitted to the actuation tube via the locking spring, the (compressed) wire spring and the connector. The axial movement of the actuation tube actuates the effector, preferably closes the jaw parts of the effector with a movement in the proximal direction and preferably opens the jaw parts with a movement in the distal direction.

According to an advantageous aspect of the present disclosure, a rotation of the first actuating member around its rotational axis tilts/bends the distal end in a tilting or bending plane. That means the distal end section of the shaft does not extend in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft but rather comprises a tilting angle between the extension (or longitudinal axis) of the distal end section and the longitudinal axis of the rest of the shaft. The tilting movement allows the effector to reach places inside the patient's body cavities that would not be accessible with a straight shaft. The first actuating member is self-locking that the distal end section does not return in its initial position from the tilted position, when the user releases the first actuating member. Therefore, the user can release the first actuating member and actuate the second actuating member sequentially.

Preferably, the first actuating member is connected to a spindle/leadscrew in a rotatable manner transmitting the rotation of the first actuating member into a translational/axial movement. The first actuating member is mounted inside the housing of the handle in a rotatable manner.

Preferably, the leadscrew is connected to a tilting tube extending in the shaft that moves axially along the longitudinal axis of the shaft. The leadscrew transmits the rotation of the first actuating member into the translational/axial movement of the tilting tube. The tilting tube may extend along the shaft inside a hollow shaft tube.

Preferably, the axial movement of the tilting tube actuates tilts the distal end section. The tilting tube may protrude from the shaft. When the tilting tube is pushed in the distal direction by the axial movement of the leadscrew, the tilting tube pushes a lever in the distal end section and causes the lever to tilt. The distal end section tilts together with the lever. An axial movement of the tilting tube in the proximal direction pulls the lever back and straightens the distal end section. The tilting mechanism is known from <CIT>.

According to another advantageous aspect of the present disclosure, a rotation of the second actuating member around its rotational axis rotates the distal end section around a rotational axis. The effector in the distal end section is also rotated around the rotational axis. Therefore, the jaw parts of the effector can be rotated and the effector can grab tissue in various positions. The rotational axis of the distal end section can be identical to the longitudinal axis of the shaft, if the distal end section is not tilted. If the distal end section is tilted, the rotational axis of the distal end section is identical to a longitudinal axis of the distal end section. The tilting angle may be provided between the longitudinal axis of the distal end section and the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

Preferably, the second actuating member is connected to the connector in a rotationally fixed manner and the connector is connected to a rotating tube in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner. A rotation of the rotating tube can cause the distal end section to rotate around the longitudinal axis. The rotating tube may extend along the longitudinal axis of the shaft and run inside the tilting tube. The rotating tube may protrude from the tilting tube on the distal end and can be connected to the distal end section.

Preferably, the connector comprises protruding noses extending radially from the connector, preferably a base plate of the connector. The protruding noses lock into receiving openings in the collar of the second actuating member. The receiving openings are designed to connect the connector and the collar in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner. Therefore, the rotation of the second actuating member is transmitted to the connector. Rotation of the connector may drive the rotating tube. It is noted that the collar can also comprise protruding noses fitting in receiving openings of the connector, preferably the base plate of the connector.

Preferably, the distal end section is rotatable around the longitudinal axis by the rotation of the second actuating member, when the distal end section is tilted by the rotation of the first actuating member. The rotation of the rotating tube can be transmitted to the distal end section, even if the distal end section is tilted from the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

Preferably, the activation tube extends inside the rotating tube. The rotating tube may extend inside the tilting tube. The tilting tube may extend inside the shaft. The inner tubes protrude from the respective outer tubes.

According to another advantageous aspect of the present disclosure, the second actuating member can be rested in a proximal position. The second actuating member is movable along the longitudinal axis from the distal position to the proximal position to actuate the effector. Preferably, the effector closes when the second actuating member is pulled from the distal to the proximal position. The second actuating member can be rested in the proximal position. That leaves the effector locked. The resting position ensures that the effector cannot open or close unwantedly. For example, a piece of tissue can be grabbed with the effector. Then, effector is locked in the closed position to hold onto the tissue and remove the tissue from the patient's body cavity.

The handle may comprise resting means resting the second actuating member in a resting position and preventing the second actuating member from the axial movement along the longitudinal axis. Preferably, the locking spring comprises a number of locking arms resting on a ramp of a socket so that an axial movement of the locking spring from a proximal position to a distal position is blocked. The socket may be mounted in the housing in a rotatable and axially fixed manner and surrounds the rotating tube. The blocked/rested locking spring ensures that the effector is closed while the second actuating member is still rotatable and moveable independently from the locking spring. The user can lock the effector in the resting position and is able to sequentially rotate the first and second actuating members without having to hold the second actuating member.

Preferably, the second actuating member is connected to the locking spring in an axially fixed manner while moving from the distal to the proximal position. The second actuating member comprises the shoulder, which moves the locking spring together with the second actuating member from the distal to the proximal position. However, the second actuating member and the locking spring are axially displaceable in the proximal position and during a movement from the proximal to the distal position. Thus, the second actuating member can rotate around its rotation axis in the resting position.

Preferably, the locking arms comprise pins that protrude on the side of the locking arms in opposite directions. Preferably, the second actuating member comprises a motion link, which lifts a pin of the locking arms over the ramp and unlocks the resting position. The operator/user pushes the second actuating member in the distal direction. The pins run in the motion link and the locking arms are lifted. The motion link does not lift the locking arms without the push against the second actuating member from the operator because the second actuating member and the locking spring are moveable independently from each other in the proximal position.

Preferably, the motion link has the shape of a hill. The hill is high enough to lift the locking arms over the resting ramp of the socket.

Preferably, the handle is rotational symmetric regarding its longitudinal axis. Therefore, the handle can be held and operated like a screwdriver. That means the user can turn the whole handle and the surgical instrument with it along its longitudinal axis by twisting the hand that holds the handle. This provides an easy and intuitive way to turn the surgical instrument around its longitudinal axis. By rotating the surgical instrument, the shaft of the instrument is rotated around its longitudinal axis. No further actuating member is required that rotates the shaft of the instrument relative to the handle. As the handle is rotational symmetric the user can hold the handle as he wants and as required by the operation. There is no constrained posture caused by the shape of the handle.

<FIG> shows a surgical instrument <NUM> according to the prior art. The configuration and the function of the surgical instrument <NUM> is in detail described in <CIT>. The instrument <NUM> comprises a proximal handle <NUM>, a shaft <NUM> extending from the handle <NUM>, and an effector <NUM> at the distal end section <NUM> of the shaft <NUM>. The handle <NUM> has a C-shaped form or a C-shaped curve. A handle piece <NUM> is piviotably connected to the shaft <NUM> via a coupling member <NUM>. The handle piece <NUM> is connected to the coupling member <NUM> by a hinge mechanism <NUM>. Inclining the handle piece <NUM> in regards to the coupling member <NUM> or longitudinal axis of the shaft <NUM> deflects the distal end section <NUM> from the shaft direction. The handle piece <NUM> comprises a hand lever <NUM>. Actuation of the hand lever <NUM> actuates the distal effector <NUM>. The handle piece <NUM> further comprises a first rotary knob <NUM> at its proximal end. Rotation of the first rotary knob <NUM> rotates the distal end section <NUM> around its longitudinal axis. The coupling member <NUM> comprises a second rotary knob <NUM>. Rotation of the second rotary knob <NUM> rotates the shaft <NUM> around its longitudinal axis.

<FIG> shows a surgical instrument <NUM> according to the present disclosure. The surgical instrument <NUM> comprises a proximal handle <NUM>, a shaft <NUM> extending from the handle <NUM> in a distal direction, and an (end-) effector <NUM> at the distal end section <NUM> of the shaft <NUM>. The effector <NUM> is preferably a medical forceps or a scissor. The handle <NUM> comprises a first actuating member/ first rotary knob <NUM> and a second actuating member/second rotary knob <NUM>. The first actuating member <NUM> is positioned closer to a distal end of the handle <NUM>. The first actuating member <NUM> is (exclusively) rotatable around a rotational axis, which is the longitudinal axis <NUM> of the shaft <NUM>. The second actuating member <NUM> is rotatable around a rotational axis, which is preferably identical to the rotational axis of the first actuating member <NUM>. The second actuating member <NUM> is also movable axially along the longitudinal axis <NUM> of the shaft <NUM> from a distal position to a proximal position and backwards.

A rotation of the first actuating member <NUM> around its rotational axis causes the distal end section <NUM> to tilt/bend in a bending or tilting plane (relative to the shaft <NUM>). A rotation of the second actuating member <NUM> around its rotational axis causes the distal end section <NUM> and the effector <NUM> to rotate around the longitudinal axis <NUM> of the shaft <NUM> (relative to the shaft <NUM>). An axial movement of the second actuating member <NUM> actuates the distal effector <NUM> (opening/closing movements). Preferably, the axial movement of the second actuating member <NUM> causes an open-closing movement of jaw parts of the medical forceps or scissor. When the second actuating member <NUM> is positioned in the distal position, the effector jaws are open. In the proximal position of the second actuating member <NUM>, the effector jaws are closed.

<FIG> shows a part-section through the handle <NUM> and <FIG> shows a section through the handle. The handle <NUM> comprises the first actuating member <NUM> and the second actuating member <NUM> which are both rotatable mounted in a housing <NUM> of the handle <NUM>. The first actuating member <NUM>, the second actuating member <NUM> and the housing <NUM> are all formed rotationally symmetric. The first actuating member <NUM> is a round wheel with a gripping section and is rotationally mounted in the housing <NUM>. The first actuating member <NUM> is connected to a spindle/ leadscrew <NUM> in a rotationally fixed manner. The leadscrew <NUM> transmits a rotational movement of the first actuating member <NUM> into a translational/axial movement. The leadscrew <NUM> is connected to a tilting tube (tilting bar) <NUM> in an axially fixed manner. The tilting tube <NUM> is a hollow tube/pipe/bar extending inside the shaft <NUM> from the leadscrew <NUM> towards the distal end section <NUM> of the shaft <NUM>. The tilting tube <NUM> is permanently connected to the leadscrew <NUM>, for example by gluing. When the first actuating member <NUM> is rotated around its rotational axis, the leadscrew <NUM> transmits the rotation into the translational movement along the longitudinal axis of the shaft <NUM> and therefore causes an axial/translational movement of the tilting tube <NUM>. The tilting tube <NUM> is connected to a lever at its distal end. The lever causes the distal end section <NUM> of the shaft <NUM> to tilt/bend in the tilting plane. The tilting mechanism is know from <CIT> and will not be described in detail in the present disclosure. The first actuating member <NUM> and the leadscrew <NUM> are self-locking to prevent an unwanted rotation of the first actuating member <NUM>. Especially when the user releases the first actuating member <NUM> when the distal end section <NUM> is tilted the self-locking prevents the distal end section <NUM> from returning to its initial state.

The second actuating member <NUM> is rotatable around its rotational axis, too. The second actuating member <NUM> comprises a round actuation wheel <NUM> with a gripping section and a (tubular) collar <NUM> extending from the actuation wheel <NUM> in the proximal direction of the handle <NUM>. The collar <NUM> is connected to a connector <NUM> in a rotationally fixed but axially free manner. The connector <NUM> is a rotational symmetric component with an elongated base member <NUM> and a thin base plate <NUM> protruding from the base member <NUM> in the radial outer direction. The base plate <NUM> comprises a number of latching noses/ protrusions <NUM> protruding/projecting from its peripheral surface in the radial outer direction. The latching noses/protrusions <NUM> fit into a number of receiving openings/notches <NUM> in the collar <NUM> capable of receiving the latching noses <NUM>. Therefore, the collar <NUM> drives the connector <NUM>, but the connector <NUM> can move axially in regards to the collar <NUM>.

The elongated base member <NUM> of the connector <NUM> surrounds a rotating tube <NUM> and is connected to the rotating tube <NUM> in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner. The rotating tube <NUM> extends along the shaft <NUM> to the distal end section <NUM>. The rotation of the rotating tube <NUM> causes the rotation of the distal end section <NUM> around the longitudinal axis <NUM>. The effector <NUM> rotates together with the distal end section <NUM>. The connection of the rotating tube <NUM> to the distal end section <NUM> and the effector <NUM> is already known from <CIT>. The rotating tube <NUM> extends inside the tilting tube <NUM> and protrudes out of the tilting tube <NUM> at the distal end.

The collar <NUM> of the second actuating member <NUM> comprises a shoulder <NUM> that is in contact with a locking spring <NUM>. When the second actuating member <NUM> and its collar <NUM> are moved axially along the longitudinal axis of the handle, the locking spring <NUM> is moved together with the collar <NUM> in the proximal direction. A longitudinal axis of the locking spring <NUM> is identical to the longitudinal axis <NUM> of the handle <NUM>. The locking spring <NUM> has a main body <NUM> that is rotationally symmetric and two locking arms <NUM> that extend from the main body <NUM> in the distal direction. The locking arms <NUM> are arranged on diametrically opposite sides of the rotational axis of the locking spring <NUM>. The locking spring <NUM> is moveable along the longitudinal axis regarding a sleeve/socket <NUM> that extends along the longitudinal axis and surrounds the rotating tube <NUM>. The socket <NUM> is mounted on the housing <NUM> in a rotatable and axially fixed manner. Preferably, the housing <NUM> comprises latches protruding from the housing <NUM> holding the socket <NUM> at its distal end.

The locking spring <NUM> is connected to a (wire) spring <NUM>. The spring <NUM> is arranged in a way that its longitudinal axis is identical to the longitudinal axis <NUM> of the handle <NUM>. When the locking spring <NUM> is moved by the collar <NUM> in the proximal direction of the handle <NUM> along its longitudinal axis, the spring <NUM> is compressed. On its proximal side, the spring <NUM> is connected to the connector <NUM>. When the spring <NUM> is fully compressed, the connector <NUM> is also moved in the proximal direction by the locking spring <NUM>. As the connector <NUM> is connected to an actuation tube/actuation bar <NUM> in a fixed manner, the actuation tube <NUM> is moved axially with the movement of the connector <NUM>. The actuation tube <NUM> extends from the handle <NUM> to the distal effector <NUM> and actuates the effector <NUM>. Therefore, the axial movement of the second actuating member <NUM> actuates the distal effector <NUM>.

Along the longitudinal axis of the handle <NUM> extend a number of tubes. The actuation tube <NUM> is the tube on the inner side of the tubes. The actuation tube <NUM> is mounted in the housing <NUM> at its proximal end. The rotating tube <NUM> surrounds the actuation tube <NUM>. The tilting tube <NUM> surrounds the rotating tube <NUM>. The outer most level of the tubes is the shaft <NUM>.

The sleeve/socket <NUM> surrounds the actuation tube <NUM> and the rotating tube <NUM> and comprises two ramps <NUM> that protrude in a radial outer direction from the outer surface of the socket <NUM>. The two ramps <NUM> are arranged on diametrically opposite sides of the longitudinal axis. When the locking spring <NUM> is moved axially regarding the socket <NUM> in a proximal direction, the locking arms <NUM> of the locking spring <NUM> jump above the ramps <NUM>. In other words, the locking spring is moved in a way that the effector <NUM> closes. The locking arms <NUM> jump over the respective ramp <NUM> during the movement in the proximal direction. The ramps <NUM> are not symmetrically shaped. The proximal slope of each ramp <NUM> is much steeper than the distal slope. Therefore, the locking arms <NUM> can jump over the ramps <NUM> in the proximal direction but cannot jump over the ramps <NUM> in the opposite distal direction. Therefore, the locking spring <NUM> is locked in its proximal position. The locking spring <NUM> unable to reverse back in the distal position comprises the resting mechanism of the handle <NUM>. The second actuating member <NUM> is locked in its proximal position. Therefore, the effector <NUM> is locked/rested in its closed position. The second actuating member <NUM> is rotatable independently of the resting mechanism.

When the resting mechanism of the second actuating mechanism <NUM> should be unlocked, the operator moves the second actuating member <NUM> in the distal direction. The second actuating member <NUM> comprises a cavity <NUM> in which the locking arms <NUM> are placed. The locking arms <NUM> comprise pins <NUM> protruding sideways from the locking arms <NUM> in opposite direction. The cavity <NUM> of the second actuating member <NUM> comprises a motion link <NUM> in which the pins <NUM> of the locking arms <NUM> run. The motion link <NUM> is shown in <FIG> and has a hill-shaped form. When the pins <NUM> run in the motion link <NUM>, the pins <NUM> are lifted together with the locking arms <NUM> and the are lifted over the ramps <NUM> on the socket <NUM>. Thus, the locking arms <NUM> can cross the resting ramps <NUM> and the resting mechanism is unlocked. <FIG> shows a longitudinal section through the second actuating member <NUM> with the motion link <NUM>, the socket <NUM> with the ramp <NUM> and the connector <NUM>.

The locking arms <NUM> and the ramp <NUM> are positioned in the cavity <NUM> of the second actuating member <NUM> in such a way that the locking spring <NUM> and the socket <NUM> rotate with the second actuating member <NUM>. However, the socket is not connected to the rotating tube <NUM> that extends inside the socket <NUM>.

The plate member <NUM> of the connector <NUM> comprises protruding noses <NUM> engaging in a receiving opening <NUM> of the collar <NUM> of the second actuating member <NUM>. The protruding noses <NUM> and the receiving openings <NUM> are formed that the collar <NUM> and the connector <NUM> are rotatable connected but axially independently.

<FIG> shows the handle <NUM> with the second actuating member <NUM> in a distal position. In the distal position, the effector <NUM> at the distal end section <NUM> of the shaft <NUM> is open, as it is shown in <FIG>. The second actuating member <NUM> is rotatable freely in the distal position.

<FIG> shows the handle <NUM> with the second actuating member <NUM> in the proximal position. In the proximal position, the effector <NUM> at the distal end section <NUM> of the shaft <NUM> is closed, as it is shown in <FIG>. The second actuating member <NUM> is rotatable freely in the proximal position. The effector <NUM> is closed by the movement of the second actuating member <NUM> in the proximal direction. The distal end section <NUM> with the effector <NUM> is rotatable around its longitudinal axis. The rotatable distal end section <NUM> is connected to the shaft <NUM> by a rotatable coupler <NUM>.

Claim 1:
Surgical instrument (<NUM>) with a handle (<NUM>), a shaft (<NUM>) extending from the handle (<NUM>) into a distal direction, and an effector (<NUM>), preferably a medical forceps or a scissor, at a distal end (<NUM>) of the shaft (<NUM>),
wherein the handle (<NUM>) comprises a plurality of manual actuating members being adapted to manipulate the effector (<NUM>) for rotating, tilting and open-closing movements, the plurality of manual actuating members consists of:
a first actuating member (<NUM>) being rotatable around a rotational axis, which is a longitudinal axis (<NUM>) of the shaft (<NUM>) or that is parallel offset to the longitudinal axis,
a second actuating member (<NUM>) being rotatable around a rotational axis, which is identical to the rotational axis of the first actuating member (<NUM>) or is parallel offset thereto and being movable along the longitudinal axis (<NUM>) of the shaft (<NUM>).