Patent Description:
Articles of footwear generally include two primary elements: an upper and a sole structure. The upper is often formed from a plurality of material elements (e.g., textiles, polymer sheet layers, foam layers, leather, synthetic leather) that are stitched or adhesively bonded together to form a void on the interior of the footwear for comfortably and securely receiving a foot. More particularly, the upper forms a structure that extends over instep and toe areas of the foot, along medial and lateral sides of the foot, and around a heel area of the foot. The upper may also incorporate a lacing system to adjust the fit of the footwear, as well as permitting entry and removal of the foot from the void within the upper. Likewise, some articles of apparel may include various kinds of closure systems for adjusting the fit of the apparel.

<CIT> describes an article of footwear including an outer sole assembly and an upper, the outer sole assembly extending lengthwise from a rear end to a front end, widthwise between a lateral side and a medial side, and heightwise between a surface for contact with the ground and a surface for connecting to the upper, the sole assembly including a first reinforcing layer extending lengthwise from a rear end to a front end, widthwise between a lateral side and a medial side, and heightwise between a distal surface and a proximal surface, the first reinforcing layer having transverse slits. The sole assembly includes a wear layer and a first damping layer, the wear layer demarcating the contact surface. The first damping layer is located between the wear layer and the first reinforcing layer.

The claimed invention is defined by the independent claim. Additional embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.

The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the claimed invention.

The following discussion and accompanying figures disclose embodiments of a sole structure <NUM> for an article of footwear <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>. The provisions discussed herein for the article of footwear and sole structure could be incorporated into various other kinds of footwear including, but not limited to, basketball shoes, hiking boots, soccer shoes, football shoes, sneakers, running shoes, cross-training shoes, rugby shoes, rowing shoes, baseball shoes as well as other kinds of shoes. Moreover, in some embodiments, the provisions discussed herein for article of footwear <NUM> could be incorporated into various other kinds of non-sports-related footwear, including, but not limited to, slippers, sandals, highheeled footwear, and loafers. Accordingly, the concepts disclosed herein apply to a wide variety of footwear types.

For purposes of clarity, the following detailed description discusses the features of article of footwear <NUM>, also referred to simply as article <NUM>. However, it will be understood that other embodiments may incorporate a corresponding article of footwear (e.g., a left article of footwear when article <NUM> is a right article of footwear) that may share some, and possibly all, of the features of article <NUM> described herein and shown in the figures.

To assist and clarify the subsequent description of various embodiments, various terms are defined herein.

For consistency and convenience, directional adjectives are employed throughout this detailed description corresponding to the illustrated embodiments. The term "longitudinal" as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims refers to a direction extending a length of a component (e.g., an upper or sole component). A longitudinal direction may extend along a longitudinal axis, which itself extends between a forefoot portion and a heel portion of the component. The term "forward" is used to refer to the general direction in which the toes of a foot point, and the term "rearward" is used to refer to the opposite direction, i.e., the direction in which the heel of the foot is facing. The terms forward and rearward may be used to describe the location of elements relative to one another along the sole structure.

In addition, the term "lateral" as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims refers to a direction extending along a width of a component. A lateral direction may extend along a lateral axis, which itself extends between a medial side and a lateral side of a component. In other words, the lateral direction may extend between a medial side and a lateral side of an article of footwear, with the lateral side of the article of footwear being the surface that faces away from the other foot, and the medial side being the surface that faces toward the other foot.

Furthermore, the term "vertical" as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims refers to a direction extending along a vertical axis, which itself is generally perpendicular to a lateral axis and a longitudinal axis. For example, in cases where an article is planted flat on a ground surface, a vertical direction may extend from the ground surface upward. This detailed description makes use of these directional adjectives in describing an article and various components of the article, including an upper, a midsole structure, and/or an outer sole structure.

The term "vertical," as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims, refers to a direction generally perpendicular to both the lateral and longitudinal directions. For example, in cases where a sole is planted flat on a ground surface, the vertical direction may extend from the ground surface upward. It will be understood that each of these directional adjectives may be applied to individual components of a sole. The term "upward" refers to the vertical direction heading away from a ground surface, while the term "downward" refers to the vertical direction heading toward the ground surface. Similarly, the terms "top," "upper" (when not used in context of the upper component in an article of footwear), and other similar terms refer to the portion of an object substantially furthest from the ground in a vertical direction, and the terms "bottom," "lower," and other similar terms refer to the portion of an object substantially closest to the ground in a vertical direction.

The "interior" of a shoe refers to space that is occupied by a wearer's foot when the shoe is worn. The "inner side" of a panel or other shoe element refers to the face of that panel or element that is (or will be) oriented toward the shoe interior in a completed shoe. The "outer side" or "exterior" of an element refers to the face of that element that is (or will be) oriented away from the shoe interior in the completed shoe. In some cases, the inner side of an element may have other elements between that inner side and the interior in the completed shoe. Similarly, an outer side of an element may have other elements between that outer side and the space external to the completed shoe. In addition, the term "proximal" refers to a direction that is nearer a center of a footwear component, or is closer toward a foot when the foot is inserted in the article as it is worn by a user. Likewise, the term "distal" refers to a relative position that is further away from a center of the footwear component or upper. Thus, the terms proximal and distal may be understood to provide generally opposing terms to describe the relative spatial position of a footwear layer.

Furthermore, throughout the following description, the various layers or components of sole structure <NUM> may be described with reference to a proximal side and a distal side. In embodiments in which sole structure <NUM> comprises multiple layers (as will be discussed further below), the proximal side will refer to the surface or side of the specified layer that faces the upper and/or faces toward the foot-receiving interior cavity formed in the article. In addition, the distal side will refer to a side of the layer that is opposite to the proximal side of the layer. In some cases, the distal side of a layer is associated with the outermost surface or side. Thus, a proximal side may be a side of a layer of sole structure <NUM> that is configured to face upward, toward a foot or a portion of an upper. A distal side may be a surface side of a layer of sole structure <NUM> that is configured to face toward a ground surface during use of the article.

For purposes of this disclosure, the foregoing directional terms, when used in reference to an article of footwear, shall refer to the article of footwear when sitting in an upright position, with the sole facing groundward, that is, as it would be positioned when worn by a wearer standing on a substantially level surface.

In addition, for purposes of this disclosure, the term "fixedly attached" shall refer to two components joined in a manner such that the components may not be readily separated (for example, without destroying one or both of the components). Exemplary modalities of fixed attachment may include joining with permanent adhesive, rivets, stitches, nails, staples, welding or other thermal bonding, or other joining techniques. In addition, two components may be "fixedly attached" by virtue of being integrally formed, for example, in a molding process.

For purposes of this disclosure, the term "removably attached" or "removably inserted" shall refer to the joining of two components or a component and an element in a manner such that the two components are secured together, but may be readily detached from one another. Examples of removable attachment mechanisms may include hook and loop fasteners, friction fit connections, interference fit connections, threaded connectors, cam-locking connectors, compression of one material with another, and other such readily detachable connectors.

<FIG> illustrates a schematic isometric view of an embodiment of article <NUM> with sole structure <NUM>. As noted above, for consistency and convenience, directional adjectives are employed throughout this detailed description. Article <NUM> may be divided into three general regions along a longitudinal axis <NUM>: a forefoot portion <NUM>, a midfoot portion <NUM>, and a heel portion <NUM>. Forefoot portion <NUM> generally includes portions of article <NUM> corresponding with the toes and the joints connecting the metatarsals with the phalanges. Midfoot portion <NUM> generally includes portions of article <NUM> corresponding with an arch area of the foot. Heel portion <NUM> generally corresponds with rear portions of the foot, including the calcaneus bone. Forefoot portion <NUM>, midfoot portion <NUM>, and heel portion <NUM> are not intended to demarcate precise areas of article <NUM>. Rather, forefoot portion <NUM>, midfoot portion <NUM>, and heel portion <NUM> are intended to represent general relative areas of article <NUM> to aid in the following discussion. Since various features of article <NUM> extend beyond one region of article <NUM>, the terms forefoot portion <NUM>, midfoot portion <NUM>, and heel portion <NUM> apply not only to article <NUM> but also to the various features of article <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, for reference purposes, a lateral axis <NUM> of article <NUM>, and any components related to article <NUM>, may extend between a medial side <NUM> and a lateral side <NUM> of the foot. Additionally, in some embodiments, longitudinal axis <NUM> may extend from forefoot portion <NUM> to heel portion <NUM>. It will be understood that each of these directional adjectives may also be applied to individual components of an article of footwear, such as an upper and/or a sole member. In addition, a vertical axis <NUM> refers to the axis perpendicular to a horizontal surface defined by longitudinal axis <NUM> and lateral axis <NUM>.

Article <NUM> may include an upper <NUM> and sole structure <NUM>. Generally, upper <NUM> may be any type of upper. In particular, upper <NUM> may have any design, shape, size, and/or color. For example, in embodiments where article <NUM> is a basketball shoe, upper <NUM> could be a high-top upper that is shaped to provide high support on an ankle. In embodiments where article <NUM> is a running shoe, upper <NUM> could be a low-top upper.

As shown in <FIG>, upper <NUM> may include one or more material elements (for example, meshes, textiles, knit, braid, foam, leather, and synthetic leather), which may be joined to define an interior void configured to receive a foot of a wearer. The material elements may be selected and arranged to impart properties such as light weight, durability, air permeability, wear resistance, flexibility, and comfort. Upper <NUM> may include an opening through which a foot of a wearer may be received into the interior void.

At least a portion of sole structure <NUM> may be fixedly attached to upper <NUM> (for example, with adhesive, stitching, welding, or other suitable techniques) and may have a configuration that extends between upper <NUM> and the ground. Sole structure <NUM> may include provisions for attenuating ground reaction forces (that is, cushioning and stabilizing the foot during vertical and horizontal loading). In addition, sole structure <NUM> may be configured to provide traction, impart stability, and control or limit various foot motions, such as pronation, supination, or other motions.

In some embodiments, sole structure <NUM> may be configured to provide traction for article <NUM>. In addition to providing traction, sole structure <NUM> may attenuate ground reaction forces when compressed between the foot and the ground during walking, running, or other ambulatory activities. The configuration of sole structure <NUM> may vary significantly in different embodiments to include a variety of conventional or non-conventional structures. In some cases, the configuration of sole structure <NUM> can be configured according to one or more types of ground surfaces on which sole structure <NUM> may be used.

For example, the disclosed concepts may be applicable to footwear configured for use on any of a variety of surfaces, including indoor surfaces or outdoor surfaces. The configuration of sole structure <NUM> may vary based on the properties and conditions of the surfaces on which article <NUM> is anticipated to be used. For example, sole structure <NUM> may vary depending on whether the surface is hard or soft. In addition, sole structure <NUM> may be tailored for use in wet or dry conditions. Furthermore, sole structure <NUM> may be configured differently for use on different surfaces for different event types, such as for hard indoor surfaces (such as hardwood), soft, natural turf surfaces, or on hard, artificial turf surfaces. In some embodiments, sole structure <NUM> may be configured for use on multiple different surfaces.

In some embodiments, sole structure <NUM> may be configured for a particularly specialized athletic activity or event. Accordingly, in some embodiments, sole structure <NUM> may be configured to provide support, cushioning, rigidity, stability, and/or traction for a specific plantar pressure or usage type. Furthermore, a sole structure can include provisions for distributing forces throughout different portions of the sole structure. In some embodiments, a sole structure may include provisions for forming a sole system with multiple layers that can be customized, tailored, or otherwise configured to provide particular cushioning effects and responses while maintaining a high degree of stability.

In different embodiments, sole structure <NUM> may include multiple layers, which may individually or collectively provide article <NUM> with a number of attributes, such as support, rigidity, flexibility, stability, cushioning, comfort, reduced weight, or other attributes. In some embodiments, a sole system of sole structure <NUM> may be a layered structure. For purposes of this disclosure, a layer refers to a segment or portion of the sole structure that extends along a horizontal direction or is disposed within a substantially similar level of the sole structure. In one embodiment, the layer can be likened to a stratum in the earth, for example. In other words, a layer can be a horizontally arranged section of the sole structure that can be disposed above, between, or below other adjacent layers of materials. Each layer can incorporate one or more portions of increased or decreased stiffness or rigidity relative to other layers in sole structure <NUM>. In some embodiments, a layer may comprise various composite materials that enhance structural support. In other embodiments, a layer may comprise materials configured to distribute forces applied along the sole structure.

Generally, sole structure <NUM> may comprise any number of layers. The sole structure <NUM> can comprise three layers. In still other embodiments, however, sole structure <NUM> may include four, five, or six layers. In one embodiment, as shown in the cutaway view of <FIG>, sole structure <NUM> includes a first layer <NUM>, a second layer <NUM>, and a third layer <NUM>. In other embodiments, the sole structure of an article of footwear may further (or alternatively) include a midsole, an insole, a ground-contacting outsole, or other sole components or layers. In some cases, however, one or more of these components or layers may be omitted. Thus, it should be understood that the layers described herein (including the various cushioning layers and stability layers, as will be discussed below) refer to layers that may contact or be disposed adjacent to a midsole, an insole, a sockliner, a ground-contacting outsole, or other sole members and components in different embodiments. In some embodiments, the sole structure embodiments disclosed herein may be understood to be disposed between an upper and a ground-contacting outsole in an assembled article of footwear.

In <FIG>, first layer <NUM> is disposed nearest, or most proximal, to upper <NUM>. Second layer <NUM> is disposed adjacent to the lower surface or distal surface of first layer <NUM>. Furthermore, second layer <NUM> is disposed between first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM>. Furthermore, in this embodiment, third layer <NUM> corresponds to the bottom-most layer, or the layer nearest to the ground. In other words, relative to vertical axis <NUM>, first layer <NUM> is disposed above second layer <NUM>, and second layer <NUM> is disposed above third layer <NUM>. Thus, third layer <NUM> may include a ground-contacting surface of sole structure <NUM>.

In different embodiments, each layer may provide different features, properties, responses, and/or characteristics to sole structure <NUM>. In some embodiments, each layer may contribute to a sole system <NUM> that can provide various cushioning and stability responses to article <NUM>. In different embodiments, the layers may be modified or configured to provide specific properties. The following figures represent several possible embodiments of the disclosure for purposes of illustration. However, it should be understood that other embodiments may include variations to one or more layers that differ from those illustrated with reference to <FIG>. Thus, other embodiments can include different types of sole systems with properties resulting from the combination of a variety of different types of layers.

One example, for understanding the claimed invention, of a first sole structure ("first sole") <NUM> is depicted in <FIG> and <FIG>, including a first layer <NUM>, a second layer <NUM>, and a third layer <NUM>. In order to provide the reader with a greater understanding of the proposed embodiments, two views are depicted of the layers of first sole <NUM> in <FIG> and <FIG>. In <FIG>, an isometric exploded view of an embodiment of first sole <NUM> is illustrated, and in <FIG>, a top-down exploded view of an embodiment of the layers of first sole <NUM> is illustrated.

In some cases, there may be one or more layers that are configured to provide cushioning characteristics to a sole. These layers will be referred to collectively herein as "cushioning layer(s). " For example, in some embodiments, first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM> may be formed of a deformable (e.g., compressible) material. Accordingly, first layer <NUM>, and/or third layer <NUM> may comprise cushioning layers, by virtue of their compressibility, and provide cushioning to and/or conform to a foot in order to enhance comfort, support, and stability.

First layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> may be fixedly attached to a lower area of upper <NUM> of <FIG>, for example, through stitching, adhesive bonding, thermal bonding (such as welding), or other techniques, or may be integral with upper <NUM>. First layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> may be formed from any suitable material having the properties described above, according to the activity for which article <NUM> is intended. In some examples, first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> may include a foamed polymer material, such as polyurethane (PU), ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), other polymer foam materials, or any other suitable material that operates to attenuate ground reaction forces as first sole <NUM> contacts the ground during walking, running, or other ambulatory activities. In some cases, first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> may include plastics, thermoplastics, foams, rubbers, composite materials, elastomeric materials, as well as any other kinds of materials. In one embodiment, first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> may comprise a rubber or a rubber-coated material with a high level of grip. It will also be understood that in other examples, first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> could be made of substantially different materials.

As shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> may extend continuously (e.g., without breaks or gaps) through each of forefoot portion <NUM>, midfoot portion <NUM>, and heel portion <NUM>. Furthermore, in one embodiment, first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> may extend in a substantially continuous manner between lateral side <NUM> and medial side <NUM> of article <NUM>. In other words, cushioning layers can extend in a continuous manner throughout a horizontal plane of first sole <NUM>.

In some examples, first sole <NUM> can include additional layers that can provide strength and support for first sole <NUM>. For purposes of reference, such layers will be referred to as "stability layer(s)" throughout this disclosure. In some embodiments, second layer <NUM> may comprise a stability layer. In one example, second layer <NUM> may comprise a structure that increases the stiffness or support properties of the sole.

In different examples, second layer <NUM> can include a first set <NUM> of substantially rigid elements <NUM>, or simply elements <NUM>, that are configured to increase stability for first sole <NUM> in one embodiment. For purposes of reference, an element in this disclosure can refer to a portion of a layer that is spaced apart from other portions of the same layer. The sizes and shapes of elements <NUM> of first set <NUM> comprising second layer <NUM> may be varied in different examples to achieve a desired degree of support for first sole <NUM>, as will be discussed further below. Therefore, in some examples, second layer <NUM> comprises a substantially asymmetrical structure comprising of multiple spaced-apart elements.

Furthermore, the materials comprising second layer <NUM> could vary. Generally, materials for each element or stability layer may be selected to achieve desired material properties including, but not limited to, strength, durability, flexibility, rigidity, weight as well as other material properties. As one example, materials for second layer <NUM> could be selected to achieve a substantially rigid component that is lightweight and durable. In some embodiments, portions of or all of second layer <NUM> may comprise one or more composite materials. Examples of composite materials include, but are not limited to, plastic fiber-reinforced composite materials (including short fiber-reinforced materials and continuous fiber-reinforced materials), fiber-reinforced polymers (including carbon fiber, carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic and glass-reinforced plastic), carbon nanotube reinforced polymers, as well as any other kind of composite materials or other plastics known in the art. In one example, second layer <NUM> may be made of carbon fiber or carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic. Examples of other kinds of materials that may be used include, but are not limited to, metals, polymers, plastics, thermoplastics, foams, rubbers, composite materials, as well as any other kinds of materials. In one example, second layer <NUM> may comprise a substantially rigid plastic. It will also be understood that in other examples, second layer <NUM> could be made of substantially different materials.

In some examples, portions of second layer <NUM> may comprise a substantially flat or two-dimensional material or structure. The term "two-dimensional" as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims refers to any generally flat material exhibiting a length and width that are substantially greater than a thickness of the material. Although two-dimensional materials may have smooth or generally untextured surfaces, some two-dimensional materials will exhibit textures or other surface characteristics, such as dimpling, protrusions, ribs, or various patterns, for example.

Generally, the material properties of second layer <NUM> may vary. In some examples, the relative rigidity associated with each element may be configured to modify, tune, or otherwise adjust the overall stability, flexibility, and structural support through first sole <NUM>. For example, in some cases, second layer <NUM> may be less rigid than first layer <NUM>, and/or third layer <NUM>. In other examples, second layer <NUM> may have a rigidity that is substantially similar to the rigidity of first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM>. In still other examples, as in <FIG> and <FIG>, elements <NUM> comprising second layer <NUM> are substantially more rigid than the material of first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM>. Moreover, in some cases, the rigidity of second layer <NUM> may vary according to the materials used.

Thus, in different examples, second layer <NUM> can include a plurality of elements <NUM>. In some examples, first set <NUM> may include at least two elements or portions of second layer <NUM> that are spaced apart from one another. In other examples, first set <NUM> may include between three and <NUM> elements. In the embodiment of <FIG> and <FIG>, first set <NUM> comprises <NUM> elements. For purposes of reference, a first element <NUM>, a second element <NUM>, a third element <NUM>, and a fourth element <NUM> are identified.

In different examples, the geometry of each element may be configured to provide specialized support properties to second layer <NUM>. In some embodiments, one or more elements may have a rectangular, parallelogram-like, trapezoid-like, strip-like shape, or an otherwise oblong shape. For example, in <FIG>, elements <NUM> of second layer <NUM> comprise a generally elongated shape with four linear sides or edges. For purposes of this disclosure, an elongated shape is associated with a shape that includes a substantially larger length than width. However, in other examples, elements <NUM> may include any regular or irregular shape. Furthermore, the perimeter of an element may include linear sides, curved sides, or undulating sides, for example.

In some cases, elements <NUM> of second layer <NUM> may extend the full length and/or width of first sole <NUM>. In other cases, however, second layer <NUM> could extend through specific portions of first sole <NUM>. As shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, the elements of first set <NUM> of second layer <NUM> are arranged in a staggered manner through forefoot portion <NUM>, midfoot portion <NUM>, and heel portion <NUM>. In some examples, elements <NUM> of second layer <NUM> can extend in a continuous manner between lateral side <NUM> and medial side <NUM> over at least some portions of first sole <NUM>.

The arrangement of elements <NUM> may differ in different examples. In <FIG> and <FIG>, elements <NUM> are disposed in a substantially parallel arrangement with respect to one another. Furthermore, as shown in <FIG>, each element extends from a first end <NUM> on medial side <NUM> to a second end <NUM> on lateral side <NUM>. Thus, in some examples, elements <NUM> can be arranged along a direction substantially aligned with lateral axis <NUM>. However, it should be understood that in other examples, elements <NUM> may extend in a direction aligned more with longitudinal axis <NUM>, where first end <NUM> of an element is associated with forefoot portion <NUM> and second end <NUM> is associated with heel portion <NUM>, for example.

In some examples, an area (size) of one element may be substantially similar to that of another element, or an element may have a different area (size). Similarly, the dimensions of one element may be similar to the dimensions of another element, or may be substantially similar to the dimensions of another element. In <FIG>, first element <NUM> has a first length <NUM> and a first width <NUM>, second element <NUM> has a second length <NUM> and a second width <NUM>, third element <NUM> has a third length <NUM> and a third width <NUM>, and fourth element <NUM> has a fourth length <NUM> and a fourth width <NUM>. It can be seen that fourth length <NUM> is less than first length <NUM>; first length <NUM> is less than second length <NUM>; and second length <NUM> is less than third length <NUM>. In addition, third width <NUM> is greater than first width <NUM>, and first width <NUM> is greater than second width <NUM>. Furthermore, first width <NUM> is substantially similar to fourth width <NUM>. Furthermore, the thickness associated with an element can be varied in order to adjust the stiffness or flexibility of the element, for example.

Thus, each element can differ in size from other elements in first set <NUM>. In different examples, the dimensions (including length, width, area, and/or thickness) of each element may be configured to provide specific support responses to first sole <NUM>. In some examples, an element may be wider in one region of second layer <NUM> to provide a wearer with greater stability. For example, an element may be wider in midfoot portion <NUM> relative to other portions in order to provide increased support in the arch.

Furthermore, the varying size of the gaps or spaces between one element and an adjacent element can provide first sole <NUM> with increased flexibility in second layer <NUM>. In some examples, each gap may be understood to form an exposed region along one side of the adjacent cushioning layer. In one example, a gap can reduce the cross-sectional profile of the layer at particular regions and/or to facilitate increased flexibility between various portions of the layer. In another example, the gaps or spaces between portions of the layer can produce regions between adjacent portions that permit articulation or bending with respect to one another.

As shown in <FIG>, first element <NUM> and second element <NUM> are spaced apart by a first gap <NUM>. First gap <NUM> can have a width and a length substantially similar to that of first element <NUM> in some examples. In other examples, first gap <NUM> can have a width and a length substantially similar to that of second element <NUM>. However, in other cases, first gap <NUM> can comprise any area, such that the gap is substantially wider than any of elements <NUM>. First gap <NUM> may allow a hinge portion or region of bending to exist between first element <NUM> and second element <NUM> in some examples. In other words, in some examples, different areas of first sole <NUM> may function as a hinge, permitting the turning, bending, flexing, or movement of various layers. In particular, in some embodiments, edges or areas connecting adjacent portions or elements of a sole layer may flex about the gaps between neighboring elements. In one example, first gap <NUM> may be comprised of the space extending between first element <NUM> and second element <NUM>. It should be understood that the gaps formed between other adjacent elements may differ in size relative to first gap <NUM>.

Thus, in some examples, the proximal surface of second layer <NUM> may contact less than the full surface area corresponding to the distal side of first layer <NUM>. Similarly, the distal surface of second layer <NUM> can contact less than the full surface area corresponding to the proximal side of third layer <NUM>. In some embodiments, second layer <NUM> may have a relatively minimal or discontinuous structure relative to the cushioning layers. For purposes of this description and claims, discontinuous sole layer refers to a sole layer that includes breaks or discontinuities within the layer. In some examples, the discontinuity can comprise an aperture in the material of the layer. In other examples, the discontinuity can comprise regions of material formed only along one side or portion of the layer. In different examples, due to the smaller structural dimensions of and/or gaps associated with different sections of second layer <NUM> (or other stability layers in first sole <NUM>) relative to the cushioning layers, second layer <NUM> may contact only specific portions of any adjacent cushioning layers (e.g., first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM>). In some examples, an area of second layer <NUM> may contact less than the full area of an adjacent cushioning layer, for example. Thus, in some examples, a proximal side of a cushioning layer may include one or more exposed regions that do not contact a stability layer. Similarly, in some examples, a distal side of a cushioning layer may include one or more exposed regions that do not contact a stability layer. In the example of <FIG> and <FIG>, first gap <NUM> represents one example of a region along which the distal side of first layer <NUM> may be exposed. Throughout the examples described herein (shown throughout <FIG>), the cushioning layers disposed adjacent to a stability layer may thus include multiple exposed regions that can be similar to first gap <NUM>, though the size and shape of each exposed region can vary significantly.

In some examples, second layer <NUM> may contact at most <NUM>% to <NUM>% of an adjacent cushioning layer. In one example, a stability layer may have contact with only <NUM>% to <NUM>% of an adjacent cushioning layer. In examples where a stability layer is comprised of a plurality of discontinuous portions, members, elements, or other segments that are spaced apart, there may be significantly less contact between the stability layer and the cushioning layer. In other words, there may be portions of either the proximal side or distal side of a cushioning layer that do not contact a portion of an adjacent stability layer.

In some examples, this substantially parallel spaced-apart arrangement of elements <NUM> can provide improved responsiveness in first sole <NUM>, as well as increased stability and durability. Furthermore, the specialized arrangement can interact with one or more cushioning layers (here, first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM>), providing support while allowing flexibility to remain throughout first sole <NUM>. Flexibility may be provided in part as a result of the breaks (gaps) throughout second layer <NUM>, for example, which can form exposed regions in the adjacent cushioning layer that can bend more freely and/or flex. This configuration may also, for example, more readily distribute forces throughout first sole <NUM> from heel portion <NUM> to midfoot portion <NUM> and to forefoot portion <NUM>. In one embodiment, due to the diagonal orientation of elements <NUM>, first sole <NUM> may be configured to resist stretch along a direction aligned with both lateral axis <NUM> as well as a direction aligned with longitudinal axis <NUM>. In some cases, first sole <NUM> may resist bending in a substantially medial-lateral direction. In one example, torsional rigidity may be increased as a result of the configuration of first sole <NUM>.

However, in other examples, each element need not be disposed in a substantially parallel arrangement as illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>. In other examples, elements <NUM> may be arranged in any configuration, including a substantially lateral, longitudinal, or intersecting arrangement. In other words, elements <NUM> may have various orientations that differ from those depicted.

Furthermore, the cushioning layers may also vary in thickness in different examples. For example, in some examples, the thickness of first layer <NUM> can be less than the thickness of third layer <NUM>. In other words, because of the configuration of the stability layer (second layer <NUM>) that is disposed between first layer <NUM> and second layer <NUM>, pressure can be dispersed more readily and efficiently, and a user can experience a high degree of comfort with a thinner cushioning layer disposed above the stability layer.

In the embodiments that follow in <FIG>, the reader may understand that the various features, properties, characteristics, materials, arrangements, and/or responses of each layer as described above with respect to <FIG> may be equally applicable to any or each of the layers described. Thus, for example, though a layer may not be specifically described to include a material or feature below, it may be appreciated that the details provided above with respect to <FIG> may be incorporated in any of the following embodiments of <FIG>. Furthermore, each of the embodiments may include fewer cushioning layers or additional cushioning layers. Similarly, each of the embodiments may include fewer or additional stability layers.

In some embodiments, the various embodiments of sole systems described herein can allow the sole structure to disperse pressure in such a way so as to allow a user to experience a more comfortable and consistent cushioning response without requiring layers of great thickness. Because the stability layers of the embodiments described herein may be substantially thin relative to the cushioning layers, and/or may include open regions or gaps in material, any adjacent cushioning layers can be minimized and continue to provide a comfortable moderating sensation and a higher degree of flexibility to a wearer. In addition, the relative thinness of the stability layers in the embodiments described herein may allow a wearer to be lower or closer to a ground surface, while providing an improved sensation of stability and support.

Referring now to <FIG> and <FIG>, an embodiment according to the claimed invention of a second sole structure ("second sole") <NUM> is depicted, including a first layer <NUM>, a second layer <NUM>, and a third layer <NUM>. In order to provide the reader with greater understanding of the proposed embodiments, two views are depicted of the layers of second sole <NUM> in <FIG> and <FIG>. In <FIG>, an isometric exploded view of an embodiment of second sole <NUM> is illustrated, and in <FIG>, a top-down exploded view of an embodiment of layers of second sole <NUM> is illustrated.

In some embodiments, there may be one or more layers that are configured to provide cushioning characteristics to second sole <NUM>. For example, in some embodiments, first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> may comprise cushioning layers, and can be formed of a deformable (for example, compressible) material. In some embodiments, first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> may include any of the cushioning properties described above with respect to first layer <NUM> or third layer <NUM>(see <FIG> and <FIG>).

Furthermore, second sole <NUM> may include a stability layer. The stability layer of second sole <NUM> can include any of the characteristics or properties described above with respect to second layer <NUM> (see <FIG> and <FIG>). In <FIG> and <FIG>, second layer <NUM> can comprise a stability layer, and can help provide a layered structure that can enhance the strength and support for second sole <NUM>.

In different embodiments, the geometry or shape of each layer may be configured to provide specialized support properties to second sole <NUM>. In some embodiments, one or more portions of second layer <NUM> may have a rectangular, elliptical, round, or an otherwise oblong shape. However, in other embodiments, second layer <NUM> may include any regular or irregular shape. Furthermore, the perimeter of second layer <NUM> may include linear sides, curved or rounded sides, or undulating sides. In the embodiment of <FIG>, second layer <NUM> comprises a heel segment <NUM> with a generally teardrop-like shape that is joined through an elongated bridge segment <NUM> to an oblong midfoot segment <NUM>, which extends forward to join a toe segment <NUM>.

Each segment can have different dimensions in different embodiments. Referring to <FIG> and <FIG>, second layer <NUM> extends the full length of second sole <NUM>. In other cases, however, second layer <NUM> could extend through specific portions of second sole <NUM>. In <FIG> and <FIG>, heel segment <NUM> begins from a rearmost end and narrows in a substantially diagonal direction from medial side <NUM> toward lateral side <NUM>. As second layer <NUM> narrows, it joins elongated bridge segment <NUM>, which is seen to be disposed entirely on lateral side <NUM>, such that no portion of second layer <NUM> is disposed on medial side <NUM> throughout bridge segment <NUM>. From elongated bridge segment <NUM>, second layer <NUM> broadens and extends outward toward both medial side <NUM> and lateral side <NUM> in oblong midfoot segment <NUM>. As oblong midfoot segment <NUM> approaches forefoot portion <NUM>, there is again a narrowing of the layer, such that toe segment <NUM> is disposed only along medial side <NUM>. Therefore, according to the claimed invention, second layer <NUM> comprises a substantially continuous but asymmetrical plate structure.

Thus, in different embodiments, different portions of a sole layer or two sole layers may be asymmetrical with respect to one another, relative to a central axis, such as a midline <NUM> (shown in <FIG>). For purposes of this description, the term "asymmetrical" and "asymmetric" are used to characterize regions of a sole layer. As used herein, a sole layer has a symmetric configuration when the sole layer is uniform or has a repeated, consistent pattern across the medial side and lateral side, as well as throughout the forefoot portion, midfoot portion, and heel portion. In contrast, a sole layer has an asymmetric configuration when there are regions in the sole layer that have varying structural characteristics relative to another region, or relative to an adjacent sole layer. Some examples are the inclusion of apertures or "spaced-apart" regions in the sole layer that provide discontinuous regions in the sole layer. It may be further understood that the characterizations of symmetric and asymmetric may be with reference to all features of the sole layer, or with reference to only some subset of features. In particular, given a feature of a sole layer, two or more regions of the sole layer may be considered as symmetric or asymmetric only with respect to that feature. It should further be understood that while a sole component or layer may generally include some level of asymmetry, the asymmetry described herein may be primarily directed to any asymmetry in the position and/or orientation of the arrangement of portions of a support or stability layer in the sole structure. Thus, in each of the embodiments depicted in <FIG>, the stability layers are shown to be substantially asymmetric, while the cushioning layers are substantially symmetric. Furthermore, it can be understood that the stability layer is asymmetric relative to the cushioning layers. In other words, while the cushioning layers extend in a continuous manner from one end of the sole structure (such as the heel portion) to the opposing end (such as the forefoot portion), the stability layer can include one or more breaks or gaps relative to the cushioning layers.

In addition, the plate comprising a stability layer such as second layer <NUM> includes a plurality of apertures <NUM>. The plate comprising a stability layer such as second layer <NUM> may include more pluralities of apertures <NUM>. As shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, a plurality of apertures <NUM> are arranged throughout each of the segments of second layer <NUM> in a substantially consistent, repeating arrangement. While the size and/or geometry of the apertures may vary in different embodiments, in other embodiments, plurality of apertures <NUM> may include a substantially similar geometry and/or size. For example, <FIG> depicts plurality of apertures <NUM> as including substantially similar round or circular shapes that are generally similar in size (i.e., diameter). In some other embodiments, plurality of apertures <NUM> may have a variety of geometric shapes that may be chosen to impart specific aesthetic or functional properties to a layer. In some embodiments, plurality of apertures <NUM> may include rectangular, triangular, elliptical, or other regular or irregular shapes. Furthermore, two apertures may differ in both shape and size from one another.

In some embodiments, plurality of apertures <NUM> can provide means for decoupling or softening portions of a support or stability layer in order to enhance its flexibility or ability to interact with a cushioning layer. Thus, plurality of apertures <NUM> can be arranged to increase responsiveness, comfort, resilience, shock absorption, elasticity, and/or stability present in a portion of the layer. Furthermore, plurality of apertures <NUM> can be formed in various portions of a layer to produce regions between adjacent portions of the layer that are better able to articulate or bend with respect to one another.

In some embodiments, the properties associated with second layer <NUM> may interact with and provide a combined effect with the properties associated with the cushioning layers (first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM>) to allow a specialized support response in second sole <NUM>. For example, the varying stiffness associated with second layer <NUM> may complement or supplement the stiffness that is associated with first layer <NUM> in order to provide a sole system that is configured for improved stability and cushioning for a wearer. Furthermore, it should be understood that in some other embodiments, there may be one or more segments or portions of second layer <NUM> that are relatively more rigid than one or more segments of second layer <NUM>, allowing the relative rigidity of each set to vary throughout the layers of second sole <NUM>.

In addition, in some embodiments, first layer <NUM>, second layer <NUM>, and third layer <NUM> can form a cooperative support system in second sole <NUM>. In some embodiments, this arrangement can provide improved responsiveness in second sole <NUM>, as well as increased stability and durability. Furthermore, second layer <NUM> can interact with one or more cushioning layers (here, first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM>) and allow substantial flexibility to remain throughout second sole <NUM>. This configuration may also, for example, more readily distribute forces throughout second sole <NUM> from heel portion <NUM> to midfoot portion <NUM> and to forefoot portion <NUM>. In one embodiment, torsional rigidity may be increased as a result of the configuration of second sole <NUM>. In another embodiment, due to the regions in which first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM> directly contact one another (areas in which there is no second layer <NUM>) it can be seen that second sole <NUM> may be configured to have more flexibility in regions where only two cushioning layers - or no support or stability layer material - are present.

Referring now to <FIG> and <FIG>, an example for the understanding of the claimed invention, of a third sole structure ("third sole") <NUM> is depicted, including a first layer <NUM>, a second layer <NUM>, and a third layer <NUM>. In order to provide the reader with greater understanding of the proposed examples, two views are depicted of the layers of third sole <NUM> in <FIG> and <FIG>. In <FIG>, an isometric exploded view of an example of third sole <NUM> is illustrated, and in <FIG>, a top-down exploded view of an example of the layers of third sole <NUM> is illustrated.

In some examples, there may be one or more layers that are configured to provide cushioning characteristics to third sole <NUM>. For example, in some examples, first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> may be cushioning layers, and can be formed of a deformable (for example, compressible) material. In some examples, first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> may include any of the cushioning properties described above with respect to first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> (see <FIG> and <FIG>).

Furthermore, third sole <NUM> may include a stability layer. The stability layers of third sole <NUM> can include any of the characteristics or properties described above with respect to second layer <NUM> (see <FIG> and <FIG>). In <FIG> and <FIG>, second layer <NUM> can comprise a stability layer that can help provide a layered structure which can improve strength and support in third sole <NUM>.

In different examples, the geometry or shape of each layer may be configured to provide specialized support properties to third sole <NUM>. In some examples, one or more portions of second layer <NUM> may have a rectangular, elliptical, round, or an otherwise oblong shape. However, in other examples, second layer <NUM> may include any regular or irregular shape. Furthermore, the perimeter of second layer <NUM> may include linear sides, curved or rounded sides, or undulating sides. In the example of <FIG>, second layer <NUM> comprises a generally continuous curved and elongated backbone segment <NUM>, or simply backbone segment <NUM>, extending along the edge of third sole <NUM> associated with lateral side <NUM>. In other words, in some examples, backbone segment <NUM> can extend along a portion of the perimeter corresponding with an outer lateral edge of third sole <NUM>. Therefore, in some examples, second layer <NUM> comprises substantially discontinuous, asymmetrical plate structure joined to a continuous, asymmetric segment.

In some examples, backbone segment <NUM> may extend throughout a substantial majority of the length of third sole <NUM>. However, in other examples, backbone segment <NUM> may be disposed in only some portions of third sole <NUM>. Furthermore, in some examples, there may be members <NUM> extending from backbone segment <NUM> toward medial side <NUM>. In some examples, members <NUM> may comprise a substantially elongated and linear geometry. Each member may have different dimensions in some examples.

Referring to <FIG> and <FIG>, a first member <NUM> disposed along forefoot portion <NUM> is longer than a second member <NUM> disposed in heel portion <NUM>. In some examples, the length of a member may extend the full width of second layer <NUM>. In other examples, as shown in <FIG>, members have a length smaller than that of the maximum width of second layer <NUM>. Thus, in some examples, second layer <NUM> may be positioned such that a substantial majority of second layer <NUM> is disposed along lateral side <NUM>. However, in other examples, second layer <NUM> may be "flipped" along a midline <NUM> aligned with longitudinal axis <NUM>, such that a substantial majority of second layer <NUM> is disposed along medial side <NUM> instead, and backbone segment <NUM> is disposed along the perimeter associated with the edge of medial side <NUM> of third sole <NUM>.

Thus, in one example, second layer <NUM> extends the full length of third sole <NUM>. In other cases, however, second layer <NUM> could extend through only specific portions of third sole <NUM> in order to help modify or tailor the stiffness of third sole <NUM>. In addition, members <NUM> extend in a direction aligned with lateral axis <NUM> in a generally uniform manner throughout the length of second layer <NUM>, where at least a majority of members <NUM> are spaced apart at regular intervals and/or are arranged in a substantially parallel manner relative to one another. However, in other examples, members <NUM> may be spaced further apart in some regions relative to other regions of third sole <NUM>. Furthermore, some portions of second layer <NUM> may not include any members <NUM> in other examples. In addition, in some examples, members <NUM> may not be parallel relative to one another.

In some examples, the arrangement of members <NUM>, and in particular the spacing between members <NUM>, can provide means for decoupling or softening portions of a support or stability layer in order to enhance its flexibility or ability to interact with a cushioning layer. Thus, members <NUM> can be arranged to increase responsiveness, comfort, resilience, shock absorption, elasticity, and/or stability present in a portion of the layer. Furthermore, gaps separating one member from another adjacent member can be formed in various portions of a layer to produce regions between adjacent portions of the layer that are better able to articulate or bend with respect to one another. Thus, in the example of <FIG>, bending may be facilitated in a direction aligned with longitudinal axis <NUM>, while relatively inhibited in a direction aligned with lateral axis <NUM>.

As shown, in <FIG> and <FIG>, the relative rigidity associated with portions or segments of second layer <NUM> may be configured to modify, tune, or otherwise adjust the overall stability, flexibility, and structural support through third sole <NUM>. Specifically, in some examples, the properties associated with the cushioning layers (first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM>) may interact with and provide a combined effect with the properties associated with second layer <NUM> to allow a specialized support response in third sole <NUM>. Furthermore, within the same layer, there may also be portions that are relatively less rigid than another portion, allowing the relative rigidity of each set to vary throughout the layers of third sole <NUM>. In another example, due to the partial overlap of first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM> (where first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM> are in direct contact with each other), third sole <NUM> may be configured to have greater flexibility in regions where only the cushioning layers - or no support or stability layer material - are present.

Referring now to <FIG> and <FIG>, an example for the understanding of the claimed invention, of a fourth sole structure ("fourth sole") <NUM> is depicted, including a first layer <NUM>, a second layer <NUM>, and a third layer <NUM>. In order to provide the reader with greater understanding of the proposed examples, two views are depicted of the layers of fourth sole <NUM> in <FIG> and <FIG>. In <FIG>, an isometric exploded view of an example of fourth sole <NUM> is illustrated, and in <FIG>, a top-down exploded view of an example of layers of fourth sole <NUM> is illustrated.

In some examples, there may be one or more layers that are configured to provide cushioning characteristics to fourth sole <NUM>. For example, in some examples, first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> may comprise cushioning layers, and can be formed of a deformable (for example, compressible) material. In some examples, first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> may include any of the cushioning properties described above with respect to first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> (see <FIG> and <FIG>).

Furthermore, fourth sole <NUM> may include a stability layer. The stability layers of fourth sole <NUM> can include any of the characteristics or properties described above with respect to second layer <NUM> (see <FIG> and <FIG>). In <FIG> and <FIG>, second layer <NUM> can comprise a stability layer, and can help provide a layered structure that can improve strength and support for fourth sole <NUM>.

In the example of <FIG>, it can be seen that second layer <NUM> can comprise a scaffolding-like structure, with a plurality of substantially elongated and relatively linear members <NUM>, or simply members <NUM>, arranged about forefoot portion <NUM>, midfoot portion <NUM>, and heel portion <NUM>. However, it should be understood that members <NUM> of second layer <NUM> may not necessarily be linear, and can include curved, rounded, or undulating edges in some examples. different examples, members <NUM> can be arranged to intersect and define the boundaries of different shapes, where the shapes can comprise a hollow, apertured, or otherwise discontinuous interior area, identified herein as apertures <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, in some examples, second layer <NUM> can include a plurality of the substantially rigid members <NUM> that are configured to increase stability for fourth sole <NUM>. The sizes (i.e., lengths) and thickness of members <NUM> may be varied in different examples to achieve a desired degree of support for fourth sole <NUM>. For purposes of reference, second layer <NUM> comprises a first set <NUM> of members <NUM>. Members <NUM> may be integrally joined in some examples, or members <NUM> may be otherwise bonded or attached to each other in other examples. Therefore, in some examples, second layer <NUM> comprises a substantially discontinuous, asymmetrical plate structure.

The geometry or shapes resulting from the intersection of the various members <NUM> may be configured to provide specialized support properties to fourth sole <NUM> in different examples. In some Z r examples, one or more portions of second layer <NUM> may include a triangular, square, rectangular, elliptical, oblong, round, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal, or an otherwise substantially polygonal shape bounding an aperture. However, in other examples, second layer <NUM> may include any regular or irregular shapes. In some cases, there may be repeating arrangements of shapes. In other cases, the shapes formed can share multiple member sides with neighboring shapes or apertures <NUM>.

In different examples, first set <NUM> may each include at least three members <NUM>. In some examples, first set <NUM> may each include between <NUM> and <NUM> members. In the example of <FIG> and <FIG>, first set <NUM> comprises approximately <NUM> members.

For purposes of reference, in <FIG>, a first member <NUM>, a second member <NUM>, and a third member <NUM> are identified in second layer <NUM>. First member <NUM> intersects or is joined to second member <NUM> at a first intersection <NUM>, second member <NUM> intersects or is joined to third member <NUM> at a second intersection <NUM>, and third member <NUM> intersects or is joined to first member <NUM> at a third intersection <NUM>. Thus, it can be seen that first member <NUM>, second member <NUM>, and third member <NUM> are arranged to form a triangular shape bounding or defining a first aperture <NUM>. In other examples, as noted above, different geometries may result from the various arrangements and intersections of members <NUM>. For example, a second aperture <NUM> is bounded by five members formed in third layer <NUM> and comprises a substantially pentagonal shape.

Thus, each intersection may join together multiple members in some examples. In the example illustrated in <FIG> for example, first intersection <NUM> provides a junction to four members, forming a kind of spoke portion in forefoot portion <NUM> along second layer <NUM>, where each member can radiate outward from first intersection <NUM>. In some examples, portions of each member may be integrally formed with and/or fixedly attached to a portion of an adjacent member. In other embodiments, however, different members may not be integrally formed, and/or there could be loose or unanchored members comprising first set <NUM>.

In some examples, members <NUM> of second layer <NUM> may be arranged throughout the full length and/or width of fourth sole <NUM>. In other cases, however, members <NUM> of second layer <NUM> could extend through only specific portions of fourth sole <NUM>. As shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, the members of first set <NUM> are arranged throughout forefoot portion <NUM>, midfoot portion <NUM>, and heel portion <NUM>. In some examples, members <NUM> of second layer <NUM> can extend or be disposed on both lateral side <NUM> and medial side <NUM> over at least some portions of fourth sole <NUM>. In <FIG> and <FIG>, members <NUM> of first set <NUM> are arranged along both lateral side <NUM> and medial side <NUM> throughout the length of first layer <NUM>.

Indifferent examples, each member element can differ in length or thickness from other members in first set <NUM>. Thus, in some examples, the dimensions (including length, width, area, and/or thickness) of each member may be configured to provide specific support responses to fourth sole <NUM>. In some examples, a member may be longer, thicker, or wider in a first region of second layer <NUM> relative to another (second) region in order to provide a wearer with greater stability in the first region. In another example, members <NUM> may be more closely arranged to provide greater stability. For example, there may be a higher density of members <NUM> in heel portion <NUM> relative to other portions in order to provide increased support to the heel if desired.

Furthermore, the intersection or junctions between portions of the members can produce regions of second layer <NUM> that permit articulation or bending with respect to one another. In addition, the varying sizes of the areas associated with apertures <NUM> can provide fourth sole <NUM> with increased flexibility in fourth sole <NUM>. As shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, plurality of apertures <NUM> are arranged in a generally consistent manner throughout second layer <NUM>. While the size and/or geometry of the apertures may vary in different examples, as noted above, in other examples, apertures <NUM> may include a substantially similar geometry and/or size. For example, <FIG> depicts apertures <NUM> as including a substantially similar triangular shape that are generally similar in size (i.e., area).

In some examples, apertures <NUM> can provide means for decoupling or softening portions of a support or stability layer in order to enhance its flexibility or ability to interact with a cushioning layer. Thus, apertures <NUM> can be arranged to increase responsiveness, comfort, resilience, shock absorption, elasticity, and/or stability present in a portion of the layer. Furthermore, apertures <NUM> can be formed in various portions of a layer to produce regions between adjacent portions of the layer that are better able to articulate or bend with respect to one another.

In addition, the relative rigidity associated with portions or members of second layer <NUM> may be configured to modify, tune, or otherwise adjust the overall stability, flexibility, and structural support through fourth sole <NUM>. Specifically, in some examples, the properties associated with second layer <NUM> may interact with and provide a combined effect with the properties associated with first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM> to allow a specialized support response in fourth sole <NUM>. For example, the varying stiffness associated with second layer <NUM> may complement or supplement the flexibility that is associated with the cushioning layers in order to provide a sole system that is configured for improved stability and cushioning for a wearer. Furthermore, within the same layer, there may also be portions that are relatively less rigid than another portion, allowing the relative rigidity of each set to vary throughout the layers of fourth sole <NUM>.

In addition, in some examples, first layer <NUM>, second layer <NUM>, and third layer <NUM> can form a cooperative support system in fourth sole <NUM>. In some examples, this arrangement can provide improved responsiveness in fourth sole <NUM>, as well as increased stability and durability. Furthermore, the arrangement can interact with one or more cushioning layers (here, first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM>) and allow substantial flexibility to remain throughout fourth sole <NUM>. This configuration may also, for example, more readily distribute forces throughout fourth sole <NUM> from heel portion <NUM> to midfoot portion <NUM> and to forefoot portion <NUM>. In one example, torsional rigidity may be increased as a result of the configuration of fourth sole <NUM>. In another example, due to the partial overlap of first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM> (where first layer <NUM> directly contacts third layer <NUM>), fourth sole <NUM> may be configured to have greater flexibility in regions where only two cushioning layers - or no support or stability layer material - are present.

Referring now to <FIG> and <FIG>, an example for the understanding of the claimed invention, of a fifth sole structure ("fifth sole") <NUM> is depicted, including a first layer <NUM>, a second layer <NUM>, and a third layer <NUM>. In order to provide the reader with greater understanding of the proposed examples, two views are depicted of the layers of fifth sole <NUM> in <FIG> and <FIG>. In <FIG>, an isometric exploded view of an example of fifth sole <NUM> is illustrated, and in <FIG>, a top-down exploded view of layers of fifth sole <NUM> is illustrated. It should be understood that while the view in <FIG> of second layer <NUM> is oriented facing the viewer for purposes of illustration and clarity to the reader, the layers are assembled as discussed above with respect to <FIG>.

In some examples, there may be one or more layers that are configured to provide cushioning characteristics to fifth sole <NUM>. For example, in some examples, first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> may be cushioning layers, and can be formed of a deformable (for example, compressible) material. In some examples, first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> may include any of the cushioning properties described above with respect to first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> (see <FIG> and <FIG>).

Furthermore, fifth sole <NUM> may include multiple stability layers. The stability layer of fifth sole <NUM> can include any of the characteristics or properties described above with respect to second layer <NUM> (see <FIG> and <FIG>). In <FIG> and <FIG>, second layer <NUM> can comprise a stability layer that provide a layered structure that may be configured to improve strength and support for fifth sole <NUM>.

Thus, in different examples, the geometry or shape of each layer may be configured to provide specialized support properties to fifth sole <NUM>. In some examples, one or more portions or segments of second layer <NUM> may have a rectangular, elliptical, round, or an otherwise oblong shape. However, in other examples, second layer <NUM> may include any regular or irregular shape. Furthermore, the perimeter of second layer <NUM> may include linear sides, curved or rounded sides, or undulating sides.

Referring now to second layer <NUM> as depicted in <FIG> and <FIG>, it can be seen that a support or stability layer may be configured to include a plurality of apertures <NUM> arranged throughout a substantial majority of second layer <NUM>. Plurality of apertures <NUM> can be varying shapes and sizes in different examples. For example, in <FIG>, it can be seen that in a first region <NUM> along midfoot portion <NUM>, the apertures are generally larger than the apertures formed in a second region <NUM> toward forefoot portion <NUM>. The varying sizes of each aperture can provide greater cushioning in some regions (such as where apertures are relatively larger in area), while the relatively smaller apertures may have decreased cushioning associated with that region. Thus, in some examples, first region <NUM> may be substantially less rigid than second region <NUM>. Plurality of apertures <NUM> can allow portions of the adjacent cushioning layers to interact and provide a wearer with a greater sensation of comfort in some examples. Therefore, in some examples, second layer <NUM> comprises a substantially discontinuous, asymmetrical plate structure.

In addition, in <FIG> and <FIG>, the relative rigidity associated with portions or segments of second layer <NUM> may be configured to modify, tune, or otherwise adjust the overall stability, flexibility, and structural support through fifth sole <NUM>. Specifically, in some examples, the properties associated with second layer <NUM> may interact with and provide a combined effect with the properties associated with first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM> to allow a specialized support response in fifth sole <NUM>. For example, the varying stiffness associated with second layer <NUM> may complement or supplement the deformability and flexibility that is associated with first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM> in order to provide a sole system that is configured for improved stability and cushioning for a wearer. For example, due to the substantial area near the center of fifth sole <NUM> where second layer <NUM> includes larger apertures (first region <NUM>) fifth sole <NUM> may facilitate bending in the forefoot-heel direction. Furthermore, within the same layer, there may also be portions that are relatively less rigid than another portion, allowing the relative rigidity of each set to vary throughout the layers of fifth sole <NUM>.

In addition, in some examples, first layer <NUM>, second layer <NUM>, and third layer <NUM> can form a cooperative support system in fifth sole <NUM>. In some embodiments, this arrangement can provide improved responsiveness in fifth sole <NUM>, as well as increased stability and durability. Furthermore, the arrangement can interact with one or more cushioning layers (here, first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM>) and allow substantial flexibility to remain throughout fifth sole <NUM>. This configuration may also, for example, more readily distribute forces throughout fifth sole <NUM> from heel portion <NUM> to midfoot portion <NUM> and to forefoot portion <NUM>. In one example, torsional rigidity may be increased as a result of the configuration of fifth sole <NUM>. In another example, due to the partial overlap of first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM> (where first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM> can directly contact each other), fifth sole <NUM> may be configured to be more rigid in regions of overlap, while having greater flexibility in regions where only a single layer - or no support or stability layer material - is present.

Referring now to <FIG> and <FIG>, an example for the understanding of the claimed invention of a sixth sole structure ("sixth sole") <NUM> is depicted, including a first layer <NUM>, a second layer <NUM>, and a third layer <NUM>. In order to provide the reader with greater understanding of the proposed examples, two views are depicted of the layers of the sixth sole <NUM> in <FIG> and <FIG>. In <FIG>, an isometric exploded view of the sixth sole <NUM> is illustrated, and in <FIG>, a top-down exploded view of layers of the sixth sole <NUM> is illustrated.

In some examples, there may be one or more layers that are configured to provide cushioning characteristics to sixth sole <NUM>. For example, in some examples, second layer <NUM> may be a cushioning layer, and can be formed of a deformable (for example, compressible) material. In some examples, second layer <NUM> may include any of the cushioning properties described above with respect to first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> (see <FIG> and <FIG>).

Furthermore, sixth sole <NUM> may include multiple stability layers. The stability layers of sixth sole <NUM> can include any of the characteristics or properties described above with respect to second layer <NUM> (see <FIG> and <FIG>). In <FIG> and <FIG>, first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM> can comprise stability layers and provide a layered structure that can improve strength and support for sixth sole <NUM>.

In <FIG>, it can be seen that either or both of first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM> can comprise a "framework"-like structure. First layer <NUM> includes a plurality of substantially elongated and relatively linear members <NUM>, or simply members <NUM>, arranged throughout forefoot portion <NUM>, midfoot portion <NUM>, and heel portion <NUM>. In different examples, members <NUM> can be arranged to intersect. Furthermore, third layer <NUM> can include plurality of substantially rounded or curved concentric irregular shapes, referred to herein as rings <NUM>. Members <NUM> and rings <NUM> can be configured to increase stability for sixth sole <NUM> in one example. The sizes (i.e., lengths) and thickness of members <NUM> and/or rings <NUM> may be varied in different examples to achieve a desired degree of additional support for sixth sole <NUM>. Furthermore, members <NUM> of first layer <NUM> may not necessarily be linear, and can include ridged, curved, textured, rounded, or undulating edges in some embodiments.

In different examples, first layer <NUM> may include at least two members <NUM>. In some examples, first layer <NUM> includes between five and <NUM> members. In the example of <FIG> and <FIG>, first layer <NUM> comprises approximately <NUM> members. Furthermore, third layer <NUM> may include at least one ring in some embodiments. In some examples, third layer <NUM> includes between two and <NUM> rings <NUM>. In <FIG> and <FIG>, it can be seen that third layer <NUM> comprises five rings <NUM>, including a first ring <NUM>, a second ring <NUM>, a third ring <NUM>, a fourth ring <NUM>, and a fifth ring <NUM>. First ring <NUM> comprises a general center or middle region of an upper portion <NUM> (see <FIG>) of sixth sole <NUM>, while second ring <NUM> comprises a general center or middle region of a lower portion <NUM> (see <FIG>) of sixth sole <NUM>. First ring <NUM> and second ring <NUM> may each have a substantially teardrop-like shape in some examples, comprising a rounded end and a tapered end.

In some examples, one or more of the remaining rings (i.e., third ring <NUM>, fourth ring <NUM>, and fifth ring <NUM>) may be formed to extend around, surround, encapsulate, or otherwise bound both first ring <NUM> and second ring <NUM>. However, in other examples, there may be additional rings <NUM> disposed only in upper portion <NUM> or lower portion <NUM> (see <FIG>). In <FIG>, third ring <NUM> includes a first rounded portion <NUM> disposed in upper portion <NUM> that is joined to a second rounded portion <NUM> that is disposed in lower portion <NUM>. In addition, fourth ring <NUM> includes a third rounded portion <NUM> disposed in upper portion <NUM> and a fourth rounded portion <NUM> disposed in lower portion <NUM>. Similarly, fifth ring <NUM> includes a fifth rounded portion <NUM> disposed in upper portion <NUM> and a sixth rounded portion <NUM> disposed in with lower portion <NUM>. Thus, it can be seen that first rounded portion <NUM>, third rounded portion <NUM>, and fifth rounded portion <NUM> extend substantially around (or surround) first ring <NUM>, while second rounded portion <NUM>, fourth rounded portion <NUM>, and sixth rounded portion <NUM> extend substantially around (or surround) second ring <NUM>.

In different examples, when the overlay or stacking between first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM> occurs in assembled sixth sole <NUM>, there may be a plurality of members <NUM> disposed in either or both of upper portion <NUM> and lower portion <NUM>. In some examples, the number of members <NUM> arranged along upper portion <NUM> may be greater than, equal to, or less than the number of members arranged in lower portion <NUM>. In <FIG>, it can be seen that there are fewer members <NUM> in lower portion <NUM> than in upper portion <NUM>.

Furthermore, in some examples, members <NUM> of first layer <NUM> can be arranged to form specific patterns that may complement the pattern of third layer <NUM>. For example, in <FIG>, it can be seen that members of first set <NUM> of members <NUM> are disposed such that they generally radiate outwardly from a first center of an upper portion. The first center can correspond to the position of first ring <NUM> in some examples when each layer is viewed as a stacked arrangement (i.e., in an assembled sole). Furthermore, and members of second set <NUM> of members <NUM> are disposed such that they generally radiate outward from a second center of a lower portion. The second center can correspond to the position of second ring <NUM> in some examples when each layer is viewed as a stacked arrangement (i.e., in an assembled sole). In other examples, members <NUM> may radiate outward from or otherwise overlap with other portions of different rings (i.e., third ring <NUM>, fourth ring <NUM>, and fifth ring <NUM>) when sixth sole <NUM> is assembled.

In different examples, each member can differ in length, thickness, or materials from other members in first layer <NUM>. Similarly, the material or dimensions comprising one ring can differ from other rings. Thus, in some examples, the dimensions (including length, width, area, and/or thickness) of each member or ring may be configured to provide specific support responses to sixth sole <NUM>. In some examples, a member and/or ring may be thicker or wider in one region of first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> to provide a wearer with greater stability in that region. In another example, members <NUM> and/or rings <NUM> may be more closely arranged to provide greater stability. For example, there may be a higher density of members <NUM> in forefoot portion <NUM> relative to other portions in order to provide increased support to the forefoot if desired.

For purposes of reference, a first member <NUM>, a second member <NUM>, and a third member <NUM> are identified in first layer <NUM>. When sixth sole <NUM> is assembled, first member <NUM> is arranged such that it appears to "intersect" or overlay first ring <NUM>, extending upward toward the toe region of forefoot portion <NUM>, and second member <NUM> is arranged such that it appears to intersect with second ring <NUM> and extend outward toward the rearmost region of heel portion <NUM>. In addition, third member <NUM> is disposed such that it extends across from medial side <NUM> to lateral side <NUM> in a direction substantially aligned with lateral axis <NUM>.

In some examples, one or more of the intersections that occur during the overlap between members <NUM> and rings <NUM> of first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM> may produce regions of first layer <NUM> and/or third layer <NUM> that permit greater stiffness and a specialized articulation or bending between different regions. Furthermore, in some examples, the spaces between adjacent rings <NUM> and/or adjacent members <NUM> can provide means for decoupling or softening portions of a support or stability layer in order to enhance its flexibility or ability to interact with a cushioning layer. Thus, each region of the support or stability layer can be arranged to increase responsiveness, comfort, resilience, shock absorption, elasticity, and/or stability present in a portion of the layer. Furthermore, members <NUM> or rings <NUM> can be formed in various portions of a layer to produce regions of overlap between portions of the two layers that are better able to articulate or bend with respect to one another.

As noted above, in different examples, third layer <NUM> may include any of the features, properties, material compositions, dimensions, and geometries of first layer <NUM>. Thus, in some examples, first layer <NUM> may be substantially similar to third layer <NUM>. However, in other examples, first layer <NUM> may vary from third layer <NUM>. For example, in <FIG> and <FIG>, the relative rigidity associated with portions or members of first layer <NUM> may be configured to modify, tune, or otherwise adjust the overall stability, flexibility, and structural support through sixth sole <NUM> in a manner different from that of third layer <NUM>. Specifically, in some examples, the properties associated with third layer <NUM> may interact with and provide a combined effect with the properties associated with first layer <NUM> to allow a specialized support response in sixth sole <NUM>. For example, the varying stiffness associated with third layer <NUM> may complement or supplement the stiffness that is associated with first layer <NUM> in order to provide a sole system that is configured for improved stability and cushioning for a wearer.

In some examples, first layer <NUM> may differ in rigidity relative to third layer <NUM>. In one example, third layer <NUM> may have less rigidity relative to first layer <NUM>. In another example, third layer <NUM> may have a rigidity that is substantially similar to the rigidity of first layer <NUM>. In still other examples, as in <FIG> and <FIG>, third layer <NUM> can be substantially more rigid than first layer <NUM>. For example, the overall stiffness associated with the portions of third layer <NUM> is greater than the overall stiffness associated with the portions of first layer <NUM> depicted in <FIG> and <FIG>. However, it should be understood that in some other examples, there may be one or more members or portions of first layer <NUM> that are relatively more rigid than one or more members of third layer <NUM>. Furthermore, within the same layer, there may also be portions that are relatively less rigid than another portion, allowing the relative rigidity of each set to vary throughout the layers of sixth sole <NUM>.

In addition, in some examples, first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM> can form a cooperative support system in sixth sole <NUM>. In some examples, this arrangement can provide improved responsiveness in sixth sole <NUM>, as well as increased stability and durability. Furthermore, the arrangement can interact with one or more cushioning layers (here, second layer <NUM>) and allow substantial flexibility to remain throughout sixth sole <NUM>. This configuration may also, for example, more readily distribute forces throughout sixth sole <NUM> from heel portion <NUM> to midfoot portion <NUM> and to forefoot portion <NUM>. In one embodiment, torsional rigidity may be increased as a result of the configuration of sixth sole <NUM>. In one example, due to the partial overlap of first layer <NUM> and third layer <NUM>, sixth sole <NUM> may be configured to be more rigid in regions of overlap, while having greater flexibility in regions where only a single layer - or no support or stability layer material - is present.

In other examples, it should be understood that additional materials or components may be included within any of the sole structures described herein. In some examples, to enhance the impact strength of a sole structure, there may be a portion of rubber or dampening material adhered to one surface or portion of a sole layer, for example. In other examples, insulating material or other filler or cushioning material may be deposited around regions of the sole structure, or different traction elements may be included.

Claim 1:
A sole system for an article of footwear (<NUM>), the sole system comprising:
a forefoot portion (<NUM>), a midfoot portion (<NUM>), and heel portion (<NUM>);
a sole structure (<NUM>) with at least three layers, including a first layer (<NUM>), a second layer (<NUM>), and a third layer (<NUM>);
wherein the sole structure (<NUM>) is disposed between an upper (<NUM>) and a ground-contacting outsole of the article of footwear (<NUM>);
the second layer (<NUM>) being disposed between the first layer (<NUM>) and the third layer (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>);
the first layer (<NUM>) having a first stiffness, the second layer (<NUM>) having a second stiffness, the third layer (<NUM>) having a third stiffness;
wherein the first stiffness is less than the second stiffness, and wherein the third stiffness is less than the second stiffness;
wherein the sole structure (<NUM>) is configured to disperse pressure throughout the sole structure (<NUM>); and
wherein the second layer (<NUM>) is a substantially continuous layer, wherein the second layer (<NUM>) comprises a heel segment (<NUM>), a bridge segment (<NUM>), a midfoot segment (<NUM>), and a toe segment (<NUM>), wherein the bridge segment (<NUM>) is disposed entirely along a lateral side of the sole structure (<NUM>), wherein the toe segment (<NUM>) is disposed entirely along a medial side of the sole structure (<NUM>), and wherein the second layer (<NUM>) is an asymmetric layer including a plurality of apertures (<NUM>).