Patent Description:
In workplace environments (such as, but not limited to, construction sites, demolition sites, warehouse sites), workers may be exposed to head injurie risks due to, for example, accidentally dropped objects that may strike worker's head, worker accidentally bumping his head against fixtures (such as exposed beams), and electric shock resulting from accidental head contact. In many situations, protecting workers from head injury risks may be an important element in a workplace safety program.

Protective headgear is a type of personal protective equipment (PPE) that may reduce head injury risks while a user is wearing the protective headgear. Example forms of protective headgear may include, but not limited to, safety helmet, bump hat, and hard hat. For example, hard hats may protect workers from impact forces and penetration hazards to the head, and may also reduce the risk of being exposed to electric shock. Further, wearing a hard hat may make the worker more visible to others in the workplace environment.

However, existing systems and methods do not overcome many technical challenges and difficulties associated with protective headgear. For example, existing systems and methods fail to provide an effective and efficient way to detect internal defect(s) of protective headgear. Example internal defects may include, but not limited to, perforation, deformity, cracking, tearing, aging, and injection defects in or on the protective headgear. In some examples, internal defect(s) may not be visible when the protective headgear is inspected with a naked eye. A worker may unknowingly wear a protective headgear provided by the existing systems and methods that comprise internal defect(s), which may pose safety risks to the worker.

<CIT> discloses a helmet with means to display the impact history detected by an impact sensor.

Various embodiments described herein relate to methods, apparatuses, and systems for providing a protective headgear. In particular, various embodiments are related to detecting internal defect(s) of protective headgear based on, for example, actuator element(s) and sensor element(s) that are integrated within the protective headgear.

In accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure, an example apparatus is provided. The example apparatus may comprise a protective headgear, an actuator element integrated within the protective headgear, a sensor element integrated within the protective headgear, and a processor element electronically coupled to the actuator element and the sensor element. In some examples, the processor element may be configured to: cause the actuator element to generate a first ultrasonic wave, and receive a first output from the sensor element in response to the first ultrasonic wave. In some examples, the first ultrasonic wave may be propagated in the protective headgear.

In some examples, the processor element may be further configured to cause the actuator element to generate a second ultrasonic wave, receive a second output from the sensor element in response to the second ultrasonic wave, and determine whether the protective headgear comprises an internal defect based on the first output and the second output. In some examples, the second ultrasonic wave is propagated in the protective headgear.

In some examples, when determining whether the protective headgear comprises the internal defect, the processor element may be further configured to calculate an output difference between the second output and the first output, and determine whether the output difference satisfies a pre-determined threshold.

In some examples, the example apparatus may further comprise a speaker element that is disposed on an outer surface of the protective headgear and electronically coupled to the processor element. In some examples, the processor element may be further configured to: determine that the output difference does not satisfy the pre-determined threshold, and in response to determining that the output difference does not satisfy the pre-determined threshold, cause the speaker element to output an audio alert.

In some examples, the example apparatus may further comprise a light-emitting diode (LED) element that is disposed on an outer surface of the protective headgear and electronically coupled to the processor element. In some examples, the processor element may be further configured to: determine that the output difference does not satisfy the pre-determined threshold, and in response to determining that the output difference does not satisfy the pre-determined threshold, cause the LED element to generate a visual alert.

In some examples, the example apparatus may further comprise a vibrator element that is integrated within the protective headgear and electronically coupled to the processor element. In some examples, the processor element may be further configured to: determine that the output difference does not satisfy the pre-determined threshold, and in response to determining that the output difference does not satisfy the pre-determined threshold, cause the vibrator element to generate a vibration.

In some examples, the processor element may be further configured to transmit the first output and the second output to a computing device, and cause a rendering of the first output and the second output on a display of the computing device.

In accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure, an example method for detecting an internal defect of a protective headgear is provided. The example method may comprise causing an actuator element to generate a first ultrasonic wave, and receiving a first output from a sensor element in response to the first ultrasonic wave. In some examples, the actuator element is integrated within the protective headgear. In some examples, the sensor element is integrated within the protective headgear. In some examples, the first ultrasonic wave is propagated in the protective headgear.

In some examples, the example method may further comprise causing the actuator element to generate a second ultrasonic wave, receiving a second output from the sensor element in response to the second ultrasonic wave, and determining whether the protective headgear comprises the internal defect based on the first output and the second output. In some examples, the second ultrasonic wave is propagated in the protective headgear.

In accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure, an example computer program product is provided. The example computer program product comprises at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code portions stored therein, the computer-readable program code portions comprising an executable portion configured to: cause an actuator element to generate a first ultrasonic wave, and receive a first output from a sensor element in response to the first ultrasonic wave. In some examples, the actuator element is integrated within a protective headgear, and the sensor element is integrated within the protective headgear. In some examples, the first ultrasonic wave is propagated in the protective headgear.

In accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure, an example system is provided. The example system may comprise a plurality of protective headgears in electronic communication with a computing device. Each of the protective headgears may comprise an actuator element, a sensor element, and a processor element that are integrated within the protective headgear. The computing device may provide a user interface that facilitates status management of the protective headgears.

The phrases "in one embodiment," "according to one embodiment," and the like generally mean that the particular feature, structure, or characteristic following the phrase may be included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, and may be included in more than one embodiment of the present disclosure (importantly, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment).

If the specification states a component or feature "may," "can," "could," "should," "would," "preferably," "possibly," "typically," "optionally," "for example," "often," or "might" (or other such language) be included or have a characteristic, that specific component or feature is not required to be included or to have the characteristic.

The term "electronically coupled" in the present disclosure refers to two or more components (for example but not limited to, actuator element(s), sensor element(s), processor element(s), speaker element(s), light-emitting diode (LED) element(s), vibrator element(s)) and/or electric circuit(s) being connected through wired means (for example but not limited to, conductive wires or traces) and/or wireless means (for example but not limited to, electromagnetic field), such that data and/or information may be transmitted to and/or received from the components that are electronically coupled.

As described above, existing systems and methods do not overcome many technical challenges and difficulties associated with protective headgear. In accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure, example methods, systems, and apparatuses may provide an effective way to detect internal defect(s) of a protective headgear by, for example, integrating an actuator element, a sensor element, and a processor element within the protective headgear.

Referring now to <FIG>, an example apparatus <NUM> in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. In the example embodiment as shown in <FIG>, the example apparatus <NUM> may comprise a protective headgear <NUM>, an actuator element <NUM>, a plurality of sensor elements (including sensor elements 109A, 109B, 109C, and 109D), and a processor element <NUM>. The protective headgear <NUM> may comprise a shell portion <NUM> and a brim portion <NUM>.

In some examples, the shell portion <NUM> of the protective headgear <NUM> may be in a shape similar to a hollow hemisphere or a hollow hemi-ellipsoid such that, when a user wears the protective headgear <NUM>, the shell portion <NUM> of the protective headgear <NUM> may provide a covering for the user's head.

In some examples, the brim portion <NUM> may be attached to, molded with, or otherwise connected around the bottom edge of the shell portion <NUM>. In some examples, the brim portion <NUM> of the protective headgear <NUM> may protect a user from environmental hazards such as falling debris, rain, or sunlight.

In some examples, the protective headgear <NUM> (including the shell portion <NUM> and/or the brim portion <NUM>) may comprise material(s) that have durable characteristics so that the protective headgear <NUM> may, for example, protect the wearer's head from impacts. In some examples, the protective headgear <NUM> (including the shell portion <NUM> and/or the brim portion <NUM>) may be at least partially made of metal material, such as aluminum. In some examples, the protective headgear <NUM> (including the shell portion <NUM> and/or the brim portion <NUM>) may be at least partially made of plastic material, such as polyethylene (e.g. high-density polyethylene) and/or polycarbonate resin. In some examples, the protective headgear <NUM> (including the shell portion <NUM> and/or the brim portion <NUM>) may comprise other suitable materials (such as, for example, fiberglass) without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

In some examples, the protective headgear <NUM> may comprise one or more additional components. For example, the protective headgear <NUM> may comprise one or more linings disposed on an inner surface of the protective headgear <NUM>. Such linings may incorporate, for example, a headband and suspension bands, which may provide shock absorption during an impact and ventilation during normal wear. For example, when a user wears the protective headgear <NUM>, the user's head may be in contact with the headband and the suspension bands. The headband and the suspension bands may suspend the shell portion <NUM> away from the user's head (for example, <NUM> centimeters to <NUM> centimeters above the user's head).

As another example, the protective headgear <NUM> may comprise a sweatband disposed on an inner surface of the protective headgear <NUM>. The sweatband may comprise fabric material (such as cotton) that may absorb sweat from a user's head. As another example, the protective headgear <NUM> may comprise a chin strap, and both ends of the chin strap may be connected to the brim portion <NUM> of the protective headgear <NUM>.

While the example embodiment as illustrated in <FIG> shows that the protective headgear <NUM> is in the form of a hard hat, it is noted that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to hard hat. In some examples, the protective headgear <NUM> may be in other suitable form(s), such as, for example, safety helmet, bump cap, without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

Referring back to <FIG>, the apparatus <NUM> may comprise one or more electronic elements, such as, for example, an actuator element <NUM> and one or more sensor elements (for example, sensor elements 109A, 109B, 109C, and 109D).

The term "actuator element" in the present disclosure refers to an electronic component or device that may be configured to generate and/or stimulate ultrasonic wave. In some examples, an actuator element may be in the form of, for example but not limited to, an ultrasonic transducer, which may perform the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy (i.e. ultrasonic wave). In some examples, an actuator element of the present disclosure may be in other suitable form(s) without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

The term "sensor element" in the present disclosure refers to an electronic component or device that may be configured to detect and/or measure ultrasonic wave. In some examples, a sensor element may be in the form of, for example but not limited to, an ultrasonic receiver, which may perform the conversion of mechanical energy (i.e. ultrasonic wave) into electrical energy, and/or may generate an output (e.g. an electric current) based on the detected ultrasonic wave. In some examples, a sensor element of the present disclosure may be in other suitable form(s) without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

In some examples, the actuator element <NUM> and the one or more sensor elements (for example, sensor elements 109A, 109B, 109C, and 109D) may be integrated within the protective headgear <NUM>. The term "integrated within" refers to a rigid, structural connection between two structural members that prevents one from rotating or moving with respect to the other. For example, the actuator element <NUM> and/or the sensor elements 109A, 109B, 109C, 109D may be implanted into the protective headgear <NUM> (e.g. disposed inside a layer of the shell portion <NUM>). As another example, the actuator element <NUM> and/or the sensor elements 109A, 109B, 109C, 109D may be rigidly bonded or attached on an inner surface of the protective headgear <NUM> through, for example, an adhesive.

As described above, the actuator element <NUM> may be configured to generate and/or stimulate ultrasonic waves. Because the actuator element <NUM> is integrated within the protective headgear <NUM>, the ultrasonic waves generated and/or stimulated by the actuator element <NUM> may be propagated in the protective headgear <NUM> (including, for example, the shell portion <NUM> and the brim portion <NUM>). Further, because the sensor elements 109A, 109B, 109C, and 109D are integrated within the protective headgear <NUM>, these sensor elements (109A, 109B, 109C, and 109D) may detect and/or measure ultrasonic waves that have been propagated at various locations of the protective headgear <NUM>.

Referring back to <FIG>, the apparatus <NUM> may also include a processor element <NUM> that is electronically coupled to the actuator element <NUM> and the sensor elements 109A, 109B, 109C, and 109D. In some examples, the processor element <NUM>, the actuator element <NUM>, and/or the sensor elements 109A, 109B, 109C, and 109D may be powered by one or more power sources, such as, for example, a battery and/or a power supply unit (PSU).

In some examples, the processor element <NUM> may be in the form of, for example but not limited to, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a central processing unit (CPU). In some examples, the processor element <NUM> may be in other suitable form(s) without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

In some examples, the processor element <NUM> may cause the actuator element <NUM> to generate one or more ultrasonic waves that are propagated in the protective headgear <NUM>, and may receive one or more outputs from the sensor elements 109A, 109B, 109C, and 109D in response to the one or more ultrasonic waves. Based on the one or more outputs, internal defect(s) of the protective headgear <NUM> may be detected, details of which are described in the present disclosure.

While the example embodiment as illustrated in <FIG> shows one actuator element <NUM>, it is noted that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to one actuator element. In some examples, more than one actuator element may be integrated within the protective headgear <NUM>, without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

While the example embodiment as illustrated in <FIG> shows four sensor elements (sensor elements 109A, 109B, 109C, and 109D), it is noted that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to four actuator elements. In some examples, less than four or more than four actuator elements may be integrated within the protective headgear <NUM>, without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

While the example embodiment as illustrated in <FIG> shows that the actuator element <NUM> is integrated at a top location of the shell portion <NUM>, and that the sensor elements 109A, 109B, 109C, and 109D are integrated at bottom locations of the shell portion <NUM>, it is noted that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to integrating the actuator element <NUM> and the sensor elements 109A, 109B, 109C, and 109D at these specific locations. In some examples, an actuator element and/or a sensor element may be integrated at different location(s) than those illustrated in <FIG>, without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

Referring now to <FIG>, an example block diagram illustrate various electronic elements of an example apparatus <NUM> in accordance of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the example apparatus <NUM> may comprise a processor element <NUM> that is electronically coupled to the actuator element(s) <NUM> and the sensor element(s) <NUM>.

In some examples, the processor element <NUM> may be similar to the processor element <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG>. In some examples, the actuator element(s) <NUM> may be similar to the actuator element <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG>. In some examples, the sensor element(s) <NUM> may be similar to the sensor element described above in connection with <FIG> (for example, sensor elements 109A, 109B, 109C, and 109D).

Further, as shown in <FIG>, the example apparatus <NUM> may optionally comprise one or more additional electronic elements, including, for example, speaker element(s) <NUM>, light-emitting diode (LED) element(s) <NUM>, and/or vibrator element(s) <NUM>. In some examples, the processor element <NUM> may be electronically coupled to the speaker element(s) <NUM>, the light-emitting diode (LED) element(s) <NUM>, and/or the vibrator element(s) <NUM>.

In some examples, the speaker element(s) <NUM> may be disposed on an outer surface of a protective headgear (such as, for example, the protective headgear <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG>), and may be configured to output audio alerts (for example, an alarm sound and/or a pre-recorded audio message). In some examples, the speaker element(s) <NUM> may be in the form of a printed circuit board (PCB) micro speaker. In some examples, the speaker element(s) <NUM> may be in other suitable form(s), without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

In some examples, the light-emitting diode (LED) element(s) <NUM> may be disposed on an outer surface of a protective headgear (such as, for example, the protective headgear <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG>), and may be configured to output a visual alert (for example, a flashing light and/or a red light).

In some examples, the vibrator element(s) <NUM> may be integrated within a protective headgear (such as, for example, the protective headgear <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG>), and may be configured to output a vibration.

Referring now to <FIG>, an example system <NUM> in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. In some examples, the example system <NUM> may comprise one or more example computing devices (such as, for example, example computing devices 301A, 301B,. , 301N) in electronic communication with one or more example apparatuses (such as, for example, apparatuses 305A, 305B,. , 305N) via one or more communication networks (such as, for example, a communication network <NUM>).

The communication network <NUM> may include one or more wired or wireless communication networks including, for example, a wired or wireless local area network (LAN), personal area network (PAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), wide area network (WAN), or the like, as well as any hardware, software and/or firmware required to implement the one or more networks (such as, for example, network routers). For example, communication network <NUM> may include general packet radio service (GPRS) network, Code Division Multiple Access <NUM> (CDMA2000) network, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) network, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) network, Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) network, High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) network, IEEE <NUM> (Wi-Fi), Wi-Fi Direct, and/or IEEE <NUM> (WiMAX). Additionally or alternatively, the communication network <NUM> may include a public network (such as the Internet), a private network (such as an intranet), or combinations thereof, and may utilize a variety of networking protocols including, but not limited to, TCP/IP based networking protocols, near field communication (NFC) protocols, Bluetooth protocols, and/or ZigBee protocols.

Via the communication network <NUM>, the one or more example computing devices 301A, 301B,. , 301N may communicate among each other, and may communicate with the one or more example apparatuses 305A, 305B,. In some examples, the one or more example computing devices 301A, 301B,. , 301N may include servers, desktop computers, laptop computers, smartphones, netbooks, tablet computers, wearables, and the like.

In some examples, the one or more example computing devices 301A, 301B,. , 301N may include one or more processors, such as, for example, single core processor(s) and/or multi-core processor(s). The one or more processors may be electronically coupled to one or more memory circuitries, such as, for example, volatile memories and/or non-volatile memories.

In some examples, the one or more example computing devices 301A, 301B,. , 301N may include one or more input/output circuitries (for example, display, touch screen, keyboard, mouse, speaker, and/or microphone coupled to one or more processors). For example, one or more input/output circuitries may be configured to provide an application, browser, user interface, dashboard, and/or webpage executing on and/or accessible via an example computing device to cause display of information/data and for user interaction therewith via one or more user interfaces. Example user interfaces are illustrated and described at least in connection with <FIG> and <FIG>.

Referring back to <FIG>, the one or more example apparatuses 305A, 305B,. , 305N may be similar to the example apparatus <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG>. Further, the one or more example apparatuses 305A, 305B,. , 305N may comprise one or more communications circuitries. The communications circuitries may be, for example, a device or circuitry embodied in either hardware or a combination of hardware and software that is configured to receive and/or transmit data from/to the communication network <NUM>. Such data may include, for example, output(s) from the processor element(s) and/or sensor element(s) of the one or more example apparatuses 305A, 305B,.

Referring now to <FIG>, example methods in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated. In some examples, each block of the flowchart, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart, may be implemented by various means such as hardware, firmware, circuitry and/or other devices associated with execution of software including one or more computer program instructions.

In some examples, one or more of the procedures described in figures may be embodied by computer program instructions, which may be stored by a memory circuitry (such as a non-transitory memory) of an apparatus employing an embodiment of the present disclosure and executed by a processing circuitry (such as a processor) of the apparatus. These computer program instructions may direct the apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the memory circuitry produce an article of manufacture, the execution of which implements the function specified in the flowchart block(s). Further, the apparatus may comprise one or more other components, such as, for example, actuator element(s) and sensor element(s) described above in connection with <FIG>. Various components of the apparatus may be in electronic communication between and/or among each other to transmit data to and/or receive data from each other.

In some examples, embodiments may take the form of a computer program product on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable program instructions (e.g. computer software). Any suitable computer-readable storage medium may be utilized including non-transitory hard disks, CD-ROMs, flash memory, optical storage devices, or magnetic storage devices.

Referring back to <FIG>, an example method <NUM> in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated. In particular, the example method <NUM> illustrates example embodiments of calculating various parameters for detecting an internal defect of a protective headgear. In some examples, the method <NUM> may be performed by a processing circuitry (for example, the processor element <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG> and/or processors of the one or more example computing devices 301A, 301B,. , 301N described above in connection with <FIG>).

At block <NUM>, a processing circuitry (for example, the processor element <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG> and/or processors of the one or more example computing devices 301A, 301B,. , 301N described above in connection with <FIG>) may cause an actuator element of an example apparatus (for example, the actuator element <NUM> of the example apparatus <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG>) to generate a first ultrasonic wave. As described above in connection with <FIG>, the actuator element may be integrated within the protective headgear, and the first ultrasonic wave may be propagated in the protective headgear.

In some examples, the actuator element may be configured to generate an ultrasonic wave at a fixed frequency. In some examples, the actuator element may be configured to generate ultrasonic waves at different frequencies, without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

At block <NUM>, a processing circuitry (for example, the processor element <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG> and/or processors of the one or more example computing devices 301A, 301B,. , 301N described above in connection with <FIG>) may receive a first output from a sensor element of the example apparatus (for example, the sensor elements 109A, 109B, 109C, or 109D of the example apparatus <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG>) in response to the first ultrasonic wave. As described above in connection with <FIG>, the sensor element may be integrated within the protective headgear, and the ultrasonic wave detected by the sensor element may have been propagated in the protective headgear.

In some examples, the output generated by the sensor element at block <NUM> may correspond to a wavelength of the ultrasonic wave as detected by the sensor element. In some examples, the sensor element may generate one or more output(s) correspond to other properties of the detected ultrasonic wave (for example, amplitude), without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

At block <NUM>, a processing circuitry (for example, the processor element <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG> and/or processors of the one or more example computing devices 301A, 301B,. , 301N described above in connection with <FIG>) may cause the actuator element (for example, the actuator element <NUM> of the example apparatus <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG>) to generate a second ultrasonic wave.

In some examples, the second ultrasonic wave is propagated in the protective headgear. In some examples, the second ultrasonic wave may have one or more same properties as the first ultrasonic wave generated by the actuator element as described above in connection with block <NUM>. For example, the second ultrasonic wave may have the same frequency as the first ultrasonic wave.

At block <NUM>, a processing circuitry (for example, the processor element <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG> and/or processors of the one or more example computing devices 301A, 301B,. , 301N described above in connection with <FIG>) may receive a second output from the sensor element (for example, the sensor elements 109A, 109B, 109C, or 109D of the example apparatus <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG>) in response to the second ultrasonic wave.

In some examples, the output generated by the sensor element at block <NUM> may correspond to the same property of the detected ultrasonic wave as the output generated by the sensor element at block <NUM>. For example, when the output generated by the sensor element at block <NUM> indicates a wavelength detected by the sensor element in response to the first ultrasonic wave, the output generated by the sensor element at block <NUM> may indicate a wavelength detected by the sensor element in response to the second ultrasonic wave.

Based on the first output and the second output, a processing circuitry (for example, the processor element <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG> and/or processors of the one or more example computing devices 301A, 301B,. , 301N described above in connection with <FIG>) may determine whether the protective headgear comprises an internal defect. For example, at block <NUM>, the processing circuitry may calculate an output difference between the second output and the first output.

As described above, in some examples, the output generated by the sensor element at block <NUM> may indicate a wavelength detected by the sensor element in response to the first ultrasonic wave, and the output generated by the sensor element at block <NUM> may indicate a wavelength detected by the sensor element in response to the second ultrasonic wave. In such examples, the output difference between the second output and the first output may correspond to a wavelength difference. In some examples, the output difference may correspond to other properties of the detected ultrasonic wave (for example, amplitude), without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

Referring back to block <NUM>, a processing circuitry (for example, the processor element <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG> and/or processors of the one or more example computing devices 301A, 301B,. , 301N described above in connection with <FIG>) may determine whether the output difference satisfies a pre-determined threshold.

In some examples, when one or more internal defects (for example, a crack) exist in a protective headgear, the one or more internal defects may create one or more discontinuities in the wave path as the ultrasonic wave being propagated in the protective headgear. The one or more discontinuities may reflect back at least part of the ultrasonic wave, creating one or more irregularities in the output generated by the sensor element.

In some examples, blocks <NUM> and <NUM> may be performed prior to the initial wearing of a protective headgear. In such examples, the first output received by the processor element at block <NUM> may indicate one or more properties of an ultrasonic wave propagated in a protective headgear that does not comprise any internal defect. Blocks <NUM> and <NUM> may be performed after the protective headgear has been used. As such, the output difference between the second output and the first output may indicate whether there is any internal defect in the protective headgear. In some examples, blocks <NUM> and <NUM> may be performed after the initial wearing of a protective headgear, without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

Additionally or alternatively, an example method may compare the first output (or the second output) with a pre-determined value to calculate an output difference, and the pre-determined value may indicate one or more properties of an ultrasonic wave propagated in a protective headgear that does not comprise any internal defect.

As described above, in some examples, the output difference between the second output and the first output may correspond to a wavelength difference. In such examples, the pre-determined threshold may be set based on the wavelength of the first ultrasonic wave (for example, less than half of the wavelength of the first ultrasonic wave) to reduce the likelihood of erroneous detection and false alarm due to, for example, environmental noise. In some examples, the pre-determined threshold may be set based at least in part on other suitable parameters (for example, the sensitivity and/or resolution of the sensor element), without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

Referring back to <FIG>, in response to determining that the output difference satisfies the pre-determined threshold (for example, the output difference being less than half of the wavelength of the first ultrasonic wave), the processing circuitry may determine that there is no internal defect in the protective headgear, and the method <NUM> ends at block <NUM>.

In response to determining that the output difference does not satisfy the pre-determined threshold (for example, the output difference being equal to or more than half of the wavelength of the first ultrasonic wave), the method <NUM> proceed to block <NUM>. At block <NUM>, the processing circuitry may trigger a warning in response to determining that the output difference does not satisfy the pre-determined threshold.

For example, the processing circuitry may cause an example speaker element to output an audio alert. As described in connection with <FIG> above, an example speaker element may be disposed on an outer surface of the protective headgear. Additionally or alternatively, an example speaker element may be separated from the protective headgear.

As another example, the processing circuitry may cause an example light-emitting diode (LED) element to output an audio alert. As described in connection with <FIG> above, an example LED element may be disposed on an outer surface of the protective headgear. Additionally or alternatively, an example LED element may be separated from the protective headgear.

As another example, the processing circuitry may cause an example vibrator element to output a vibration. As described in connection with <FIG> above, an example vibrator element may be integrated within the protective headgear. Additionally or alternatively, an example vibrator element may be separated from the protective headgear.

Referring now to <FIG>, example user interfaces in accordance with various examples of the present disclosure are illustrated. In particular, a user may operate an example computing device (such as, for example, example computing devices 301A, 301B,. , 301N described above in connection with <FIG>) to view and/or interact with example user interfaces as illustrated in <FIG> via a display of the example computing device. It is noted that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to desktop computer or mobile phone, and other devices may be used in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure (including, for example, wearable devices) to view and/or interact with example user interfaces in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring now to <FIG>, an example user interface <NUM> is shown. In particular, the example user interface <NUM> illustrates an example dashboard interface for monitoring a single protective headgear. As shown in <FIG>, the user interface <NUM> may comprise a protective headgear identification portion <NUM> and an output rendering portion <NUM>.

The protective headgear identification portion <NUM> may display a graphic representation of the protective headgear, and/or an identification number of the protective headgear. The output rendering portion <NUM> may comprise rendering of output(s) associated with sensor element(s) and/or the processor element integrated within the protective headgear. For example, the processor element may (process and) transmit the first output and the second output to the computing device, and may cause the rendering of the first output and the second output on the output rendering portion <NUM> of the user interface <NUM>. In the example embodiment as shown in <FIG>, the output rendering portion <NUM> may also display date and time associated with each output.

In some examples, when a processing circuitry (for example, the processor element <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG> and/or processors of the one or more example computing devices 301A, 301B,. , 301N described above in connection with <FIG>) determine that the protective headgear (as indicated in the protective headgear identification portion <NUM>) comprises one or more internal defects (for example, based on the method <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG>), the user interface <NUM> may further comprise a warning portion <NUM>, which may display a warning message that there may be internal defect(s) in the protective headgear.

As illustrated above in connection with <FIG>, a plurality of example apparatuses in accordance with the present disclosure may be in electronic communication with one or more computing device. As such, one computing device may be configured to receive data from a group of example apparatuses. Referring now to <FIG>, an example user interface <NUM> is shown. In particular, the example user interface <NUM> illustrates an example dashboard interface for monitoring a group of protective headgears.

As shown in <FIG>, the user interface <NUM> may comprise a headgear identification portion <NUM> and an output rendering portion <NUM>.

The headgear identification portion <NUM> may display graphic representations of protective headgears within the group. In some examples, each of the protective headgears may be associated with a unique identifier, and unique identifiers of protective headgears in the group may be stored in a memory circuitry of the computing device. In some examples, the unique identifier may be in the form of a number string, an American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) text, a pointer, and/or the like.

In some examples, the headgear identification portion <NUM> may indicate the status of each protective headgear in the group. For example, a shaded graphic representation of a protective headgear may indicate that the corresponding protective headgear may comprise one or more defects. As another example, a color-filled graphic representation of a protective headgear may indicate that the corresponding protective headgear may soon be affected by one or more internal defects, as described below.

The output rendering portion <NUM> may comprise rendering of one or more output(s) associated with sensor element(s) and/or the processor element integrated within the protective headgears in the group, similar to the output rendering portion <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG>. In some examples, each of the outputs may be associated with a unique identifier. In the example embodiment as shown in <FIG>, the outputs may be rendered as bars in the bar graph in the output rendering portion <NUM>.

In some examples, the user interface <NUM> may also comprise a group status portion <NUM>. The group status portion <NUM> may display information such as, for example, the unique identifiers of protective headgears that may comprise one or more internal defects (for example, based on the method <NUM> described above in connection with <FIG>). Additionally or alternatively, the group status portion <NUM> may display information indicating the "health status" of protective headgear group, which may be calculated based on dividing the number of protective headgears that do not comprise internal defect by the total number of protective headgears in the group.

In some examples, the computing device may implement machine learning models (such as, for example, time-series forecasting models) based on historical data associated with the protective headgears in the group to generate a forecast of protective headgear(s) that may soon be affected by one or more internal defects. In some examples, the group status portion <NUM> may display information indicating the unique identifier(s) of protective headgear(s) that may soon be affected by one or more internal defects. In some examples, the user interface <NUM> may display these unique identifiers after the "Replacement Forecast" button <NUM> is clicked, tapped, or otherwise selected by a user operating the computing device.

In some examples, the user interface <NUM> may comprise one or more buttons, such as the "Stock" button <NUM>, the "Order" button <NUM>, and the "More Information" button <NUM>. When a user clicks, taps, or otherwise selects the "Stock" button <NUM>, the user interface <NUM> may display the total number of protective headgears in the group. When a user clicks, taps, or otherwise selects the "Order" button <NUM>, the computing device may render one or more user interfaces that may facilitate the ordering of an example apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure. When a user clicks, taps, or otherwise selects the "More Information" button <NUM>, the user interface <NUM> may display additional information associated with the protective headgear group.

Claim 1:
An apparatus (<NUM>), comprising:
a protective headgear (<NUM>);
an actuator element (<NUM>) integrated within the protective headgear (<NUM>);
a sensor element (109A) attached on an inner surface of the protective headgear (<NUM>);
a processor element (<NUM>) electronically coupled to the actuator element (<NUM>) and the sensor element (109A), wherein the processor element (<NUM>) is configured to:
cause the actuator element to generate a first ultrasonic wave, wherein the first ultrasonic wave is propagated in the protective headgear;
receive a first output generated from the sensor element (109A) in response to the first ultrasonic wave generated by the actuator element (<NUM>),
calculate an output difference by comparing the first output with a pre-determined value;
determine whether the output difference satisfies a pre-determined threshold; and
in response to determining that the output difference does not satisfy the pre-determined threshold, trigger a warning.