Patent Description:
There is much prior art available relating to the provision of apparatus and methods of use thereof for the application of topical negative pressure (TNP) therapy to wounds together with other therapeutic processes intended to enhance the effects of the TNP therapy. Examples of such prior art include those listed and briefly described below.

TNP therapy assists in the closure and healing of wounds by reducing tissue oedema; encouraging blood flow; stimulating the formation of granulation tissue; removing excess exudates and may reduce bacterial load and thus, infection to the wound. Furthermore, TNP therapy permits less outside disturbance of the wound and promotes more rapid healing.

Certain prior art apparatus and methods are generally only applicable to a patient when hospitalised as the apparatus used is complex, needing people having specialist knowledge in how to operate and maintain the apparatus, and also relatively heavy and bulky, not being adapted for easy mobility outside of a hospital environment by a patient, for example.

Some patients having relatively less severe wounds which do not require continuous hospitalisation, for example, but whom nevertheless would benefit from the prolonged application of TNP therapy, could be treated at home or at work subject to the availability of an easily portable and maintainable TNP therapy apparatus. To this end it is known to provide a portable TNP therapy unit which may be carried by a patient and clipped to belt or harness. A negative pressure can thus be applied at a wound site.

During TNP therapy a portable or non-portable therapy unit generates a negative pressure at a wound site. As fluid, including air as well as wound exudate material is removed from the wound site this must be collected in some manner remote from the wound site. With prior known therapy units the collection and storage of wound exudate material is typically carried out by a waste canister connected to a pump unit of the therapy unit. The use of a canister, however, can result in the therapy unit apparatus itself being quite bulky and expensive to manufacture. Also replacing a canister or a bag in a canister in which wound exudate is collected can be a time consuming and relatively unhygienic process.

It is an aim of the present invention to at least partly mitigate the above-mentioned problems. The disclosed methods do not form part of the claimed invention.

It is an aim of certain embodiments of the present disclosure to provide a method for providing negative pressure at a wound site to aid in wound closure and healing in which wound exudate drawn from a wound site during the therapy is collected and stored in a wound dressing.

It is an aim of certain embodiments of the present disclosure to provide a wound dressing having an increased capacity for absorbing wound exudate reducing the frequency with which the dressings must be changed.

It is further an aim of certain embodiments of the invention to manage the movement of wound exudate through the dressing to avoid blockages occurring that lead to reduced life of the dressing.

According to a first aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a suction port for applying negative pressure to a wound dressing for the application of topical negative pressure at a wound site, the suction port comprising:.

According to a second aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method of communicating negative pressure to a wound dressing for the application of topical negative pressure at a wound site, comprising the steps of:.

According to a third aspect of the disclosure there is provided a method of manufacturing a suction port for applying negative pressure to a wound dressing for the application of topical negative pressure at a wound site, the suction port having a connector portion for connecting the suction port to a source of negative pressure and a sealing surface for sealing the suction port to a cover layer of a wound dressing, the method comprising:
disposing a liquid impermeable gas permeable filter element of the suction port at a location to prevent a liquid entering the connector portion.

Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide the advantage that a wound dressing can be used to collect wound exudate generated during a negative pressure therapy process, whilst extending the useful lifetime of the dressing by transpiring a water component of the wound exudate. A pump remote from the wound dressing can be connected to the wound dressing and reused whilst the wound dressing itself is used to collect wound exudate and may then be disposed of after use.

<FIG> illustrates a cross section through a wound dressing <NUM> according to an embodiment of the invention. A plan view from above the wound dressing <NUM> is illustrated in <FIG> with the line A-A indicating the location of the cross section shown in <FIG>. It will be understood that <FIG> illustrates a generalised schematic view of an apparatus <NUM>. It will be understood that embodiments of the present invention are generally applicable to use in topical negative pressure (TNP) systems. Briefly, negative pressure wound therapy assists in the closure and healing of many forms of "hard to heal" wounds by reducing tissue oedema; encouraging blood flow and granular tissue formation; removing excess exudate and may reduce bacterial load (and thus infection risk). In addition, the therapy allows for less disturbance of a wound leading to more rapid healing. TNP systems may also assist on the healing of surgically closed wounds by removing fluid and by helping to stabilise the tissue in the apposed position of closure. A further beneficial use of TNP can be found in grafts and flaps where removal of excess fluid is important and close proximity of the graft to tissue is required in order to ensure tissue viability.

The wound dressing <NUM> can be located over a wound site to be treated. The dressing <NUM> forms a sealed cavity over the wound site. It will be appreciated that throughout this specification reference is made to a wound. In this sense it is to be understood that the term wound is to be broadly construed and encompasses open and closed wounds in which skin is torn, cut or punctured or where trauma causes a contusion. A wound is thus broadly defined as any damaged region of tissue where fluid may or may not be produced. Examples of such wounds include, but are not limited to, incisions, lacerations, abrasions, contusions, burns, diabetic ulcers, pressure ulcers, stoma, surgical wounds, trauma and venous ulcers or the like.

It is envisaged that the negative pressure range for the apparatus embodying the present invention may be between about -<NUM> mmHg and -<NUM> mmHg (note that these pressures are relative to normal ambient atmospheric pressure thus, -<NUM> mmHg would be about <NUM> mmHg in practical terms). Aptly the pressure range may be between about -<NUM> mmHg and -<NUM> mmHg. Alternatively a pressure range of up to -<NUM> mmHg, up to -<NUM> mmHg or over -<NUM> mmHg can be used. Also aptly a pressure range of below -<NUM> mmHg could be used. Alternatively a pressure range of over -<NUM> mmHg could be used or over -<NUM> mmHg.

In some embodiments, it may be preferable for the wound site to be filled partially or completely with a wound packing material. This wound packing material is optional, but may be desirable in certain wounds, for example deeper wounds. The wound packing material can be used in addition to the wound dressing <NUM>. The wound packing material generally may comprise a porous and conformable material, for example foam (including reticulated foams), and gauze. Preferably, the wound packing material is sized or shaped to fit within the wound site so as to fill any empty spaces. The wound dressing <NUM> may then be placed over the wound site and wound packing material overlying the wound site. When a wound packing material is used, once the wound dressing <NUM> is sealed over the wound site, TNP is transmitted from a pump through the wound dressing <NUM>, through the wound packing material, and to the wound site. This negative pressure draws wound exudate and other fluids or secretions away from the wound site.

It will be appreciated that according to certain embodiments of the present invention the pressure provided may be modulated over a period of time according to one or more desired and predefined pressure profiles. For example such a profile may include modulating the negative pressure between two predetermined negative pressures P1 and P2 such that pressure is held substantially constant at P1 for a pre-determined time period T1 and then adjusted by suitable means such as varying pump work or restricting fluid flow or the like, to a new predetermined pressure P2 where the pressure may be held substantially constant for a further predetermined time period T2. Two, three or four or more predetermined pressure values and respective time periods may be optionally utilised. Aptly more complex amplitude/frequency wave forms of pressure flow profiles may also be provided eg sinusoidal, sore tooth, systolic-diastolic or the like etc..

As illustrated in <FIG> a lower surface <NUM> of the wound dressing <NUM> is provided by an optional wound contact layer <NUM>. The wound contact layer <NUM> can be a polyurethane layer or polyethylene layer or other flexible layer which is perforated, for example via a hot pin process, laser ablation process, ultrasound process or in some other way or otherwise made permeable to liquid and gas. The wound contact layer has a lower surface <NUM> and an upper surface <NUM>. The perforations <NUM> are through holes in the wound contact layer which enables fluid to flow through the layer. The wound contact layer helps prevent tissue ingrowth into the other material of the wound dressing. The perforations are small enough to meet this requirement but still allow fluid through. For example, perforations formed as slits or holes having a size ranging from <NUM> to <NUM> are considered small enough to help prevent tissue ingrowth into the wound dressing while allowing wound exudate to flow into the dressing. The wound contact layer helps hold the whole wound dressing together and helps to create an air tight seal around the absorbent pad in order to maintain negative pressure at the wound. The wound contact layer also acts as a carrier for an optional lower and upper adhesive layer (not shown). According to the claimed invention, a lower pressure sensitive adhesive is provided on the underside surface <NUM> of the wound dressing whilst an upper pressure sensitive adhesive layer may be provided on the upper surface <NUM> of the wound contact layer. The pressure sensitive adhesive, which may be a silicone, hot melt, hydrocolloid or acrylic based adhesive or other such adhesives, may be formed on both sides or optionally on a selected one or none of the sides of the wound contact layer. When a lower pressure sensitive adhesive layer is utilised this helps adhere the wound dressing to the skin around a wound site.

A layer <NUM> of porous material is located above the wound contact layer. This porous layer, or transmission layer, <NUM> allows transmission of fluid including liquid and gas away from a wound site into upper layers of the wound dressing. In particular, the transmission layer <NUM> ensures that an open air channel can be maintained to communicate negative pressure over the wound area even when the absorbent layer has absorbed substantial amounts of exudates. The layer should remain open under the typical pressures that will be applied during negative pressure wound therapy as described above, so that the whole wound site sees an equalised negative pressure. The layer <NUM> is formed of a material having a three dimensional structure that could comprise an open celled foam, a knitted or woven spacer fabric (for example Baltex <NUM> weft knitted polyester) or a non-woven fabric.

Aptly, the transmission layer comprises a 3D polyester spacer fabric layer including a top layer (that is to say, a layer distal from the wound-bed in use) which is a <NUM>/<NUM> textured polyester, and a bottom layer (that is to say, a layer which lies proximate to the wound bed in use) which is a <NUM> denier flat polyester and a third layer formed sandwiched between these two layers which is a region defined by a knitted polyester viscose, cellulose or the like monofilament fibre. Other materials and other linear mass densities of fibre could of course be used.

Whilst reference is made throughout this disclosure to a monofilament fibre it will be appreciated that a multistrand alternative could of course be utilised.

The top spacer fabric thus has more filaments in a yarn used to form it than the number of filaments making up the yarn used to form the bottom spacer fabric layer.

This differential between filament counts in the spaced apart layers helps control moisture flow across the transmission layer. Particularly, by having a filament count greater in the top layer, that is to say, the top layer is made from a yarn having more filaments than the yarn used in the bottom layer, liquid tends to be wicked along the top layer more than the bottom layer. In use, this differential tends to draw liquid away from the wound bed and into a central region of the dressing where the absorbent layer helps lock the liquid away or itself wicks the liquid onwards towards the cover layer where it can be transpired.

Aptly, to improve the liquid flow across the transmission layer (that is to say perpendicular to the channel region formed between the top and bottom spacer layers, the 3D fabric is treated with a dry cleaning agent (such as, but not limited to, Per Chloro Ethylene) to help remove any manufacturing products such as mineral oils, fats and/or waxes used previously which might interfere with the hydrophilic capabilities of the transmission layer. Aptly, an additional manufacturing step can subsequently be carried in which the 3D spacer fabric is washed in a hydrophilic agent (such as, but not limited to, Feran Ice <NUM>/l available from the Rudolph Group). This process step helps ensure that the surface tension on the materials is so low that liquid such as water can enter the fabric as soon as it contacts the 3D knit fabric. This also aids in controlling the flow of the liquid insult component of any exudates.

A layer <NUM> of absorbent material is provided above the transmission layer <NUM>. The absorbent material which may be a foam or non-woven natural or synthetic material and which may optionally include or be super-absorbent material forms a reservoir for fluid, particularly liquid, removed from the wound site and draws those fluids towards a cover layer <NUM>. The material of the absorbent layer also prevents liquid collected in the wound dressing from flowing in a sloshing manner. The absorbent layer <NUM> also helps distribute fluid throughout the layer via a wicking action so that fluid is drawn from the wound site and stored throughout the absorbent layer. This prevents agglomeration in areas of the absorbent layer. The capacity of the absorbent material must be sufficient to manage the exudates flow rate of a wound when negative pressure is applied. Since in use the absorbent layer experiences negative pressures the material of the absorbent layer is chosen to absorb liquid under such circumstances. A number of materials exist that are able to absorb liquid when under negative pressure, in the invention as claimed in particular superabsorber material. The absorbent layer <NUM> may typically be manufactured from ALLEVYN™ foam, Freudenberg <NUM>-<NUM>-<NUM> and/or Chem-Posite™11C-<NUM>.

Aptly, the absorbent layer is a layer of non-woven cellulose fibres having super-absorbent material in the form of dry particles dispersed throughout. Use of the cellulose fibres introduces fast wicking elements which help quickly and evenly distribute liquid taken up by the dressing. The juxtaposition of multiple strand-like fibres leads to strong capillary action in the fibrous pad which helps distribute liquid. Also, all regions of the absorbent layer are provided with liquid.

The wicking action also assists in delivering liquid downwards towards the wound bed when exudation slows or halts. This delivery process helps maintain the transmission layer and lower wound bed region in a moist state which helps prevent crusting within the dressing (which could lead to blockage) and helps maintain an environment optimised for wound healing.

Aptly, the absorbent layer may be an air-laid material. Heat fusible fibres may optionally be used to assist in holding the structure of the pad together. It will be appreciated that rather than using super-absorbing particles or in addition to such use, super-absorbing fibres may be utilised according to certain embodiments of the present invention. An example of a suitable material is the Product Chem-Posite™ <NUM> C available from Emerging Technologies Inc (ETi) in the USA.

Optionally, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, the absorbent layer may include synthetic stable fibres and/or bi-component stable fibres and/or natural stable fibres and/or super-absorbent fibres. Fibres in the absorbent layer may be secured together by latex bonding or thermal bonding or hydrogen bonding or a combination of any bonding technique or other securing mechanism. Aptly, the absorbent layer is formed by fibres which operate to lock super-absorbent particles within the absorbent layer. This helps ensure that super-absorbent particles do not move external to the absorbent layer and towards an underlying wound bed. This is particularly helpful because when negative pressure is applied there is a tendency for the absorbent pad to collapse downwards and this action would push super-absorbent particle matter into a direction towards the wound bed if they were not locked away by the fibrous structure of the absorbent layer.

The absorbent layer comprises a layer of multiple fibres. Aptly, the fibres are strand-like and made from cellulose, polyester; viscose or the like. Aptly, dry absorbent particles are distributed throughout the absorbent layer ready for use. Aptly, the absorbent layer comprises a pad of cellulose fibres and a plurality of super absorbent particles. Aptly, the absorbent layer is a non-woven layer of randomly orientated cellulose fibres.

Super-absorber particles/fibres may be, for example, sodium polyacrylate or carbomethoxycellulose materials or the like or any material capable of absorbing many times its own weight in liquid. Aptly, the material can absorb more than five times its own weight of <NUM>% W/W saline, etc. Aptly, the material can absorb more than <NUM> times its own weight of <NUM>% W/W saline, etc. Aptly, the material is capable of absorbing more than <NUM> times its own weight of <NUM>% W/W saline, etc. Aptly, the material is capable of absorbing more than <NUM> times its own weight of <NUM>% W/W saline, etc..

Aptly, the particles of superabsorber are very hydrophilic and grab the fluid as it enters the dressing, swelling up on contact. An equilibrium is set up within the dressing core whereby moisture passes from the superabsorber into the dryer surrounding area and as it hits the top film the film switches and the fluid vapour starts to be transpired. A moisture gradient is established within the dressing to continually remove fluid from the wound bed and ensure the dressing does not become heavy with exudate.

Aptly the absorbent layer includes at least one through hole located so as to underly the suction port. As illustrated in <FIG> a single through hole can be used to produce an opening underlying the port <NUM>. It will be appreciated that multiple openings could alternatively be utilised. Additionally should more than one port be utilised according to certain embodiments of the present invention one or multiple openings may be made in the super-absorbent layer in registration with each respective port. Although not essential to certain embodiments of the present invention the use of through holes in the super-absorbent layer provide a fluid flow pathway which is particularly unhindered and this is useful in certain circumstances.

Where an opening is provided in the absorbent layer the thickness of the layer itself will act as a stand-off separating any overlying layer from the upper surface (that is to say the surface facing away from a wound in use) of the transmission layer <NUM>. An advantage of this is that the filter of the port is thus decoupled from the material of the transmission layer. This helps reduce the likelihood that the filter will be wetted out and thus will occlude and block further operation.

Use of one or more through holes in the absorption layer also has the advantage that during use if the absorbent layer contains a gel forming material, such as superabsorber, that material as it expands to absorb liquid, does not form a barrier through which further liquid movement and fluid movement in general cannot pass. In this way each opening in the absorbent layer provides a fluid pathway between the transmission layer directly to the wound facing surface of the filter and then onwards into the interior of the port.

A gas impermeable, but moisture vapour permeable, cover layer <NUM> extends across the width of the wound dressing. The cover layer, which may for example be a polyurethane film (for example, Elastollan SP9109) having a pressure sensitive adhesive on one side, is impermeable to gas and this layer thus operates to cover the wound and to seal a wound cavity over which the wound dressing is placed. In this way an effective chamber is made between the cover layer and a wound site where a negative pressure can be established. The cover layer <NUM> is sealed to the wound contact layer <NUM> in a border region <NUM> around the circumference of the dressing, ensuring that no air is drawn in through the border area, for example via adhesive or welding techniques. The cover layer <NUM> protects the wound from external bacterial contamination (bacterial barrier) and allows liquid from wound exudates to be transferred through the layer and evaporated from the film outer surface. The cover layer <NUM> typically comprises two layers; a polyurethane film and an adhesive pattern spread onto the film. The polyurethane film is moisture vapour permeable and may be manufactured from a material that has an increased water transmission rate when wet.

The absorbent layer <NUM> may be of a greater area than the transmission layer <NUM>, as illustrated in <FIG>, such that the absorbent layer overlaps the edges of the transmission layer <NUM>, thereby ensuring that the transmission layer does not contact the cover layer <NUM>. This provides an outer channel <NUM> of the absorbent layer <NUM> that is in direct contact with the wound contact layer <NUM>, which aids more rapid absorption of exudates to the absorbent layer. Furthermore, this outer channel <NUM> ensures that no liquid is able to pool around the circumference of the wound cavity, which may otherwise seep through the seal around the perimeter of the dressing leading to the formation of leaks.

In order to ensure that the air channel remains open when a vacuum is applied to the wound cavity, the transmission layer <NUM> must be sufficiently strong and non-compliant to resist the force due to the pressure differential. However, if this layer comes into contact with the relatively delicate cover layer <NUM>, it can cause the formation of pin-hole openings in the cover layer <NUM> which allow air to-leak into the wound cavity. This may be a particular problem when a switchable type polyurethane film is used that becomes weaker when wet. The absorbent layer <NUM> is generally formed of a relatively soft, non-abrasive material compared to the material of the transmission layer <NUM> and therefore does not cause the formation of pin-hole openings in the cover layer. Thus by providing an absorbent layer <NUM> that is of greater area than the transmission layer <NUM> and that overlaps the edges of the transmission layer <NUM>, contact between the transmission layer and the cover layer is prevented, avoiding the formation of pin-hole openings in the cover layer <NUM>.

The absorbent layer <NUM> is positioned in contact with the cover layer <NUM>. As the absorbent layer absorbs wound exudate, the exudate is drawn towards the cover layer <NUM>, bringing the water component of the exudate into contact with the moisture vapour permeable cover layer. This water component is drawn into the cover layer itself and then evaporates from the top surface of the dressing. In this way, the water content of the wound exudate can be transpired from the dressing, reducing the volume of the remaining wound exudate that is to be absorbed by the absorbent layer <NUM>, and increasing the time before the dressing becomes full and must be changed. This process of transpiration occurs even when negative pressure has been applied to the wound cavity, and it has been found that the pressure difference across the cover layer when a negative pressure is applied to the wound cavity has negligible impact on the moisture vapour transmission rate across the cover layer.

An orifice <NUM> is provided in the cover film <NUM> to allow a negative pressure to be applied to the dressing <NUM>. A suction port <NUM> is sealed to the top of the cover film <NUM> over the orifice <NUM>, and communicates negative pressure through the orifice <NUM>. A length of tubing <NUM> may be coupled at a first end to the suction port <NUM> and at a second end to a pump unit (not shown) to allow fluids to be pumped out of the dressing. The port may be adhered and sealed to the cover film <NUM> using an adhesive such as an acrylic, cyanoacrylate, epoxy, UV curable or hot melt adhesive. The port <NUM> is formed from a soft polymer, for example a polyethylene, a polyvinyl chloride, a silicone, or polyurethane having a hardness of <NUM> to <NUM> on the Shore A scale.

An aperture is provided in the absorbent layer <NUM> beneath the orifice <NUM> such that the orifice is connected directly to the transmission layer <NUM>. This allows the negative pressure applied to the port <NUM> to be communicated to the transmission layer <NUM> without passing through the absorbent layer <NUM>. This ensures that the negative pressure applied to the wound site is not inhibited by the absorbent layer as it absorbs wound exudates. In other embodiments, no aperture may be provided in the absorbent layer <NUM>, or alternatively a plurality of apertures underlying the orifice <NUM> may be provided.

As shown in <FIG>, one embodiment of the wound dressing <NUM> comprises an aperture in the absorbent layer <NUM> situated underneath the port <NUM>. In use, for example when negative pressure is applied to the dressing <NUM>, a wound facing portion of the port <NUM> may thus come into contact with the transmission layer <NUM>, which can thus aid in transmitting negative pressure to the wound site even when the absorbent layer <NUM> is filled with wound fluids. Some embodiments may have the cover layer <NUM> be at least partly adhered to the transmission layer <NUM>. In some embodiments, the aperture is at least <NUM>-<NUM> larger than the diameter of the port <NUM>, or the orifice <NUM>.

A filter element <NUM> that is impermeable to liquids, but permeable to gasses is provided to act as a liquid barrier, and to ensure that no liquids are able to escape from the wound dressing. The filter element may also function as a bacterial barrier. Typically the pore size is <NUM>. Suitable materials for the filter material of the filter element <NUM> include <NUM> micron Gore™ expanded PTFE from the MMT range, PALL Versapore™ 200R, and Donaldson™ TX6628. Larger pore sizes can also be used but these may require a secondary filter layer to ensure full bioburden containment. As wound fluid contains lipids it is preferable, though not essential, to use an oleophobic filter membrane for example <NUM> micron MMT-<NUM> prior to <NUM> micron MMT-<NUM>. This prevents the lipids from blocking the hydrophobic filter. The filter element can be attached or sealed to the port and/or the cover film <NUM> over the orifice <NUM>. For example, the filter element <NUM> may be moulded into the port <NUM>, or may be adhered to both the top of the cover layer <NUM> and bottom of the port <NUM> using an adhesive such as a UV cured adhesive.

It will be understood that other types of material could be used for the filter element <NUM>. More generally a microporous membrane can be used which is a thin, flat sheet of polymeric material, this contains billions of microscopic pores. Depending upon the membrane chosen these pores can range in size from <NUM> to more than <NUM> micrometers. Microporous membranes are available in both hydrophilic (water filtering) and hydrophobic (water repellent) forms. In some embodiments of the invention, filter element <NUM> comprises a support layer and an acrylic co-polymer membrane formed on the support layer. Aptly the wound dressing <NUM> according to certain embodiments of the present invention uses microporous hydrophobic membranes (MHMs). Numerous polymers may be employed to form MHMs. For example, PTFE, polypropylene, PVDF - and acrylic copolymer. All of these optional polymers can be treated in order to obtain specific surface characteristics that can be both hydrophobic and oleophobic. As such these will repel liquids with low surface tensions such as multi-vitamin infusions, lipids, surfactants, oils and organic solvents.

MHMs block liquids whilst allowing air to flow through the membranes. They are also highly efficient air filters eliminating potentially infectious aerosols and particles. A single piece of MHM is well known as an option to replace mechanical valves or vents. Incorporation of MHMs can thus reduce product assembly costs improving profits and costs/benefit ratio to a patient.

The filter element <NUM> may also include an odour absorbent material, for example activated charcoal, carbon fibre cloth or Vitec Carbotec-RT Q2003073 foam, or the like. For example, an odour absorbent material may form a layer of the filter element <NUM> or may be sandwiched between microporous hydrophobic membranes within the filter element.

The filter element <NUM> thus enables gas to be exhausted through the orifice <NUM>. Liquid, particulates and pathogens however are contained in the dressing.

In particular for embodiments with a single port <NUM> and through hole, it may be preferable for the port <NUM> and through hole to be located in an off-center position as illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>. Such a location may permit the dressing <NUM> to be positioned onto a patient such that the port <NUM> is raised in relation to the remainder of the dressing <NUM>. So positioned, the port <NUM> and the filter <NUM> may be less likely to come into contact with wound fluids that could prematurely occlude the filter <NUM> so as to impair the transmission of negative pressure to the wound site.

<FIG> shows a plan view of a suction port <NUM> according to some embodiments of the invention. The suction port comprises a sealing surface <NUM> for sealing the port to a wound dressing, a connector portion <NUM> for connecting the suction port <NUM> to a source of negative pressure, and a hemispherical body portion <NUM> disposed between the sealing surface <NUM> and the connector portion <NUM>. Sealing surface <NUM> comprises a flange that provides a substantially flat area to provide a good seal when the port <NUM> is sealed to the cover layer <NUM>. Connector portion <NUM> is arranged to be coupled to the external source of negative pressure via a length of tube <NUM>.

According to some embodiments, the filter element <NUM> forms part of the bacterial barrier over the wound site, and therefore it is important that a good seal is formed and maintained around the filter element. However, it has been determined that a seal formed by adhering the filter element <NUM> to the cover layer <NUM> is not sufficiently reliable. This is a particular problem when a moisture vapour permeable cover layer is used, as the water vapour transpiring from the cover layer <NUM> can affect the adhesive, leading to breach of the seal between the filter element and the cover layer. Thus, according to some embodiments of the invention an alternative arrangement for sealing the filter element <NUM> to stop liquid from entering the connector portion <NUM> is employed.

<FIG> illustrates a cross section through the suction port <NUM> of <FIG> according to some embodiments of the invention, the line A-A in <FIG> indicating the location of the cross section. In the suction port of <FIG>, the suction port <NUM> further comprises filter element <NUM> arranged within the body portion <NUM> of the suction port <NUM>. A seal between the suction port <NUM> and the filter element <NUM> is achieved by moulding the filter element within the body portion of the suction port <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates a cross section through the suction port <NUM> of <FIG> according to some embodiments of the invention. In the suction port of <FIG>, the filter element <NUM> is sealed to the sealing surface <NUM> of the suction port <NUM>. The filter element may be sealed to the sealing surface using an adhesive or by welding the filter element to the sealing surface.

By providing the filter element <NUM> as part of the suction port <NUM>, as illustrated in <FIG>, the problems associated with adhering the filter element to the cover layer <NUM> are avoided allowing a reliable seal to be provided. Furthermore, providing a sub-assembly having the filter element <NUM> included as part of the suction port <NUM> allows for simpler and more efficient manufacture of the wound dressing <NUM>.

While the suction port <NUM> has been described in the context of the wound dressing <NUM> of <FIG>, it will be understood that the embodiments of <FIG> are applicable to any wound dressing for applying a negative pressure to a wound, wherein wound exudate drawn from the wound is retained within the dressing. According to the claimed invention, the suction port <NUM> is manufactured from a transparent material in order to allow a visual check to be made by a user for the ingress of wound exudate into the suction port <NUM>.

In operation the wound dressing <NUM> is sealed over a wound site forming a wound cavity.

A pump unit (illustrated in <FIG> and described in further detail below) applies a negative pressure at a connection portion <NUM> of the port <NUM> which is communicated through the orifice <NUM> to the transmission layer <NUM>. Fluid is drawn towards the orifice through the wound dressing from a wound site below the wound contact layer <NUM>. The fluid moves towards the orifice through the transmission layer <NUM>. As the fluid is drawn through the transmission layer <NUM> wound exudate is absorbed into the absorbent layer <NUM>.

Turning to <FIG> which illustrates a wound dressing <NUM> in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention one can see the upper surface of the cover layer <NUM> which extends outwardly away from a centre of the dressing into a border region <NUM> surrounding a central raised region <NUM> overlying the transmission layer <NUM> and the absorbent layer <NUM>. As indicated in <FIG> the general shape of the wound dressing is rectangular with rounded corner regions <NUM>. It will be appreciated that wound dressings according to other embodiments of the present invention can be shaped differently such as square, circular or elliptical dressings, or the like.

The wound dressing <NUM> may be sized as necessary for the size and type of wound it will be used in. In some embodiments, the wound dressing <NUM> may measure between <NUM> and <NUM> on its long axis, and between <NUM> to <NUM> on its short axis. For example, dressings may be provided in sizes of <NUM> x <NUM>, <NUM> x <NUM>, <NUM> x <NUM>, <NUM> x <NUM>, and <NUM> x <NUM>. In some embodiments, the wound dressing <NUM> may be a square-shaped dressing with sides measuring between <NUM> and <NUM> (e.g., <NUM> x <NUM>, <NUM> x <NUM> and <NUM> x <NUM>. The absorbent layer <NUM> may have a smaller area than the overall dressing, and in some embodiments may have a length and width that are both about <NUM> to <NUM> shorter, more preferably about <NUM> shorter, than that of the overall dressing <NUM>. In some rectangular-shape embodiments, the absorbent layer <NUM> may measure between <NUM> and <NUM> on its long axis, and between <NUM> and <NUM> on its short axis. For example, absorbent layers may be provided in sizes of <NUM> x <NUM> (for <NUM> x <NUM> dressings), <NUM> x <NUM> (for <NUM> x <NUM> dressings), <NUM> x <NUM> (for <NUM> x <NUM> dressings), <NUM> x <NUM> (for <NUM> x <NUM> dressings), and <NUM> x <NUM> (for <NUM> x <NUM> dressings). In some square-shape embodiments, the absorbent layer <NUM> may have sides that are between <NUM> and <NUM> in length (e.g., <NUM> x <NUM> for a <NUM> x <NUM> dressing, <NUM> x <NUM> for a <NUM> x <NUM> dressing, or <NUM> x <NUM> for a <NUM> x <NUM> dressing). The transmission layer <NUM> is preferably smaller than the absorbent layer, and in some embodiments may have a length and width that are both about <NUM> to <NUM> - shorter, more preferably about <NUM> shorter, than that of the absorbent layer. In some rectangular-shape embodiments, the transmission layer may measure between <NUM> and <NUM> on its long axis and between <NUM> and <NUM> on its short axis. For example, transmission layers may be provided in sizes of <NUM> x <NUM> (for <NUM> x <NUM> dressings), <NUM> x <NUM> (for <NUM> x <NUM> dressings), <NUM> x <NUM> (for <NUM> x <NUM> dressings), <NUM> x <NUM> (for <NUM> x <NUM> dressings), and <NUM> x <NUM> (for <NUM> x <NUM> dressings). In some square-shape embodiments, the transmission layer may have sides that are between <NUM> and <NUM> in length (e.g., <NUM> x <NUM> for a <NUM> x <NUM> dressing, <NUM> x <NUM> for a <NUM> x <NUM> dressing, or <NUM> x <NUM> for a <NUM> x <NUM> dressing).

It will be understood that according to embodiments of the present invention the wound contact layer is optional. This layer is, if used, porous to water and faces an underlying wound site. A transmission layer <NUM> such as an open celled foam, or a knitted or woven spacer fabric is used to distribute gas and fluid removal such that all areas of a wound are subjected to equal pressure. The cover layer together with the filter layer forms a substantially liquid tight seal over the wound. Thus when a negative pressure is applied to the port <NUM> the negative pressure is communicated to the wound cavity below the cover layer. This negative pressure is thus experienced at the target wound site. Fluid including air and wound exudate is drawn through the wound contact layer and transmission layer <NUM>. The wound exudate drawn through the lower layers of the wound dressing is dissipated and absorbed into the absorbent layer <NUM> where it is collected and stored. Air and moisture vapour is drawn upwards through the wound dressing through the filter layer and out of the dressing through the suction port. A portion of the water content of the wound exudate is drawn through the absorbent layer and into the cover layer <NUM> and then evaporates from the surface of the dressing.

As discussed above, when a negative pressure is applied to a wound dressing sealed over a wound site, fluids including wound exudate are drawn from the wound site and through the transmission layer <NUM> towards the orifice <NUM>. Wound exudate is then drawn into the absorbent layer <NUM> where it is absorbed. However, some wound exudate may not be absorbed and may move to the orifice <NUM>. Filter element <NUM> provides a barrier that stops any liquid in the wound exudate from entering the connection portion <NUM> of the suction port <NUM>. Therefore, unabsorbed wound exudate may collect underneath the filter element <NUM>. If sufficient wound exudate collects at the filter element, a layer of liquid will form across the surface of filter element <NUM> and the filter element will become blocked as the liquid cannot pass through the filter element <NUM> and gases will be stopped from reaching the filter element by the liquid layer. Once the filter element becomes blocked, negative pressure can no longer be communicated to the wound site, and the wound dressing must be changed for a fresh dressing, even though the total capacity of the absorbent layer has not been reached.

In a preferred embodiment, the port <NUM>, along with any aperture <NUM> in the absorbing layer <NUM> situated below it, generally aligns with the mid-longitudinal axis A-A illustrated in <FIG>. According to the invention as claimed, the port <NUM> and any such aperture <NUM> are situated closer to one end of the dressing, contrasted with a central position. In some embodiments, the port may be located at a corner of the dressing <NUM>. For example, in some rectangular embodiments, the port <NUM> may be located between <NUM> and <NUM> from the edge of the dressing, with the aperture <NUM> located <NUM> to <NUM> from the edge of the absorbent layer. In some square embodiments, the port <NUM> may be located between <NUM> to <NUM> from the corner of the dressing, with the aperture <NUM> located <NUM> to <NUM> from the corner of the absorbent layer.

Certain orientations of the wound dressing may increase the likelihood of the filter element <NUM> becoming blocked in this way, as the movement of the wound exudate through the transmission layer may be aided by the effect of gravity. Thus, if due to the orientation of the wound site and wound dressing, gravity acts to increase the rate at which wound exudate is drawn towards the orifice <NUM>, the filter may become blocked with wound exudate more quickly. Thus, the wound dressing would have to be changed more frequently and before the absorbent capacity of the absorbent layer <NUM> has been reached.

In order to avoid the premature blocking of the wound dressing <NUM> by wound exudate drawn towards the orifice <NUM> some embodiments of the invention include at least one element configured to reduce the rate at which wound exudate moves towards the orifice <NUM>. The at least one element may increase the amount of exudate that is absorbed into the absorbent layer before reaching the orifice <NUM> and/or may force the wound exudate to follow a longer path through the dressing before reaching the orifice <NUM>, thereby increasing the time before the wound dressing becomes blocked.

<FIG> shows a plan view of a wound dressing including baffle elements that reduce the rate at which wound exudate moves towards the orifice according to one embodiment of the invention. The wound dressing illustrated in <FIG> is similar to that shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, but includes a number of baffle elements <NUM> disposed across the central raised region <NUM>. The baffle elements <NUM> form barriers in the central region of the dressing, which arrest the movement of wound exudate towards the orifice.

Embodiments of baffle elements that may be used in the wound dressing described herein are preferably at least partly flexible, so as to permit the wound dressing to flex and conform with the skin of the patient surrounding the wound site. When so present in the wound dressing, the baffle elements are preferably constructed so as to at least partially prevent liquid from flowing directly to the wound dressing port or orifice and its associated filter, if so provided. The baffle elements thus increase the distance that liquids may require to reach the port, which may help in absorbing these fluids into the absorbent or superabsorbent material of the wound dressing.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the baffle element may comprise a sealing region in which the absorbent layer <NUM> and transmission layer <NUM> are absent and cover layer <NUM> is sealed to the wound contact layer <NUM>. Thus, the baffle element presents a barrier to the motion of the wound exudate, which must therefore follow a path that avoids the baffle element. Thus the time taken for the wound exudate to reach the orifice is increased.

In some embodiments, the baffle elements may be an insert of a substantially nonporous material, for example a closed-cell polyethylene foam, placed inside the dressing. In some cases, it may be preferable to place such an inserted baffle element in a sealing region where one or more of the absorbent layer <NUM> and/or transmission layer <NUM> are absent. A sealant, for example a viscous curing sealant such as a silicone sealant, could be placed or injected as a thin strip so as to form a baffle element that is substantially liquid impermeable. Such a baffle element could be placed or injected into a region of the transmission layer <NUM> and/or absorbent layer <NUM>, or also a sealing region where the absorbent layer <NUM> and/or transmission layer <NUM> are absent.

<FIG> illustrates a wound dressing including a baffle element according to a further embodiment of the invention. A single baffle element <NUM> provides a cup shaped barrier between the bulk of the absorbent layer <NUM> and the orifice <NUM>. Thus wound exudate that is initially drawn from the wound site within the region defined by the baffle element <NUM>, must follow a path around the outside of the cup shaped barrier to reach the orifice <NUM>. As will be recognized, the baffle element <NUM> reduces the effect of gravity on reducing the time taken for the wound exudate to move to the orifice <NUM>, as for most orientations of the wound dressing at least a part of the path taken by the wound exudate will be against the force of gravity.

The embodiments of <FIG> and <FIG> have been described with respect to a wound dressing having a structure as shown in <FIG>. However, it will be understood that the baffle elements could equally be applied to a wound dressing in which the transmission layer <NUM> was absent.

<FIG> shows a plan view of a wound dressing including the at least one element according to one embodiment of the invention in which a number of baffle elements <NUM> are provided that extend across the width of the central region <NUM> of the wound dressing, with further baffle elements <NUM> formed in a semi-circular path around the orifice <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates the configuration of baffle elements <NUM> according to some embodiments of the invention. The baffle element comprises a channel of absorbent material <NUM> underlying the transmission layer <NUM>. A channel in the absorbent layer <NUM> is located over the baffle element <NUM> so that the transmission layer is in contact with the cover layer <NUM> in the region of the baffle element <NUM>. Thus, wound exudate that is moving along a lower surface of the transmission layer <NUM>, and has therefore not been drawn into absorbent layer <NUM>, will come into contact with and be absorbed by the channel of absorbent material <NUM>.

Alternatively, or additionally, baffle elements may comprise one or more channels provided in the surface of the transmission layer <NUM> underlying and abutting the absorbent layer <NUM>. In use, when negative pressure is applied to the wound dressing, the absorbent layer <NUM> will be drawn into the channel. The channel in the transmission layer may have a depth substantially equal to the depth of the transmission layer, or may have a depth less than the depth of the transmission layer. The dimensions of the channel may be chosen to ensure that the channel is filled by the absorbent layer <NUM> when negative pressure is applied to the wound dressing. According to some embodiments, the channel in the transmission layer comprises a channel of absorbent material in the transmission layer <NUM>.

The baffle elements may be formed into a range of shapes and patterns, for example <FIG> illustrate wound dressings having a number of different exemplifying configurations of baffle elements. <FIG> illustrates a linear baffle element in a vertical configuration aligned in the direction of the port or orifice. <FIG> illustrates an X-shaped baffle element. <FIG> illustrate embodiments of wound dressings with multiple baffle elements, aligned in a generally diagonal, horizontal, or vertical manner.

<FIG> illustrates baffle elements arranged in a six-armed starburst configuration, with a center portion left open. <FIG> illustrates a W-shaped baffle element on the wound dressing in a position distal to the port or orifice. In <FIG>, an <NUM>-by-<NUM> array of X-shaped baffle elements is provided on the wound dressing, although it will be understood that more or less X-shaped baffle elements may be used. <FIG> shows an embodiment with a plurality of rectangular baffle elements, and wherein one or more baffle elements are located underneath the port in the wound dressing. <FIG> illustrate wound dressing embodiments with longer diagonal and horizontal baffle elements. In <FIG>, rectangular baffle elements are present on this embodiment of a wound dressing, wherein the baffle elements are of different sizes.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the at least one element comprises an array of vias, or troughs, in the transmission layer <NUM>. <FIG> illustrates a transmission layer <NUM> that is perforated with diamond shaped vias <NUM>. The vias <NUM> are arranged such that no linear pathway exists through the pattern of vias that does not intersect with one or more of the vias <NUM>.

When negative pressure is applied to the wound dressing, the absorbent layer <NUM> is drawn into the vias <NUM>, increasing the area of the absorbent layer that comes into contact with wound exudate being drawn through the transmission layer <NUM>. Alternatively, the vias <NUM> may be filled with further absorbent material for absorbing wound exudate being drawn through the transmission layer <NUM>. The vias may extend through the depth of the transmission layer <NUM>, or may extend through only part of the transmission layer.

Wound exudate moving through the transmission layer <NUM> under the influence of gravity will fall through the transmission layer in a substantially linear manner. Any such linear pathways will, at some point, intersect with one of the vias <NUM>, and thus the exudate will be brought into contact with absorbent material within the vias <NUM>. Wound exudate coming into contact with absorbent material will be absorbed, stopping the flow of the wound exudate through the transmission layer <NUM>, and reducing the amount of unabsorbed wound exudate that may otherwise pool around the orifice. It will be appreciated that the vias are not limited to diamond shapes, and that any pattern of vias may be used. Preferably, the vias will be arranged to ensure that all linear paths through the transmission layer <NUM> intersect with at least one via. The pattern of vias may be chosen to minimise the distance that wound exudate is able to travel though the transmission layer before encountering a via and being absorbed.

<FIG> illustrates a wound dressing in accordance with some embodiments of the invention in which the at least one element comprises an air channel <NUM> connecting the central region <NUM> of the wound dressing to the orifice <NUM>. In the embodiment of <FIG>, the air channel <NUM> extends from an edge region of the transmission layer <NUM> and connects the transmission layer to the orifice <NUM>.

In use, wound exudate is drawn towards the orifice <NUM> by the application of negative pressure at the suction port <NUM>. However, the air channel <NUM> present a relatively long serpentine path to be followed by the wound exudate before it reaches the orifice <NUM>. This long path increases the time that negative pressure can be applied to the dressing before wound exudate traverses the distance between the transmission layer and the orifice and blocks the filter element <NUM>, thereby increasing the time the dressing can be in use before it must be replaced.

<FIG> illustrates a wound dressing in accordance with one embodiment of the invention in which the at least one element comprises air channels <NUM> and <NUM> connecting the central region <NUM> of the wound dressing to the orifice <NUM>. Channels <NUM> and <NUM> are coupled to the transmission layer at substantially opposite corners of the central region <NUM>.

The wound dressing shown in <FIG> reduces the effect of gravity on the time taken for the orifice to become blocked. If the wound dressing is in an orientation in which wound exudate moves under the influence of gravity towards the edge region of the transmission layer connected to air channel <NUM>, the effect of gravity will be to move wound exudate away from the edge region of the transmission layer coupled to air channel <NUM>, and vice versa. Thus, the embodiment of <FIG> provides alternative air channels for coupling the negative pressure to the transmission layer such that, should one air channel become blocked a remaining air channel should remain open and able to communicate the negative pressure to the transmission layer <NUM>, thereby increasing the time before negative pressure can no longer be applied to the wound dressing and the dressing must be changed.

Further embodiments of the invention may comprise greater numbers of air channels connecting the transmission layer <NUM> to the orifice.

According to some embodiments of the invention, two or more orifices may be provided in the cover layer <NUM> for applying the negative pressure to the wound dressing. The two or more orifices can be distributed across the cover layer <NUM> such that if one orifice becomes blocked by wound exudate due to the wound dressing being in a particular orientation, at least one remaining orifice would be expected to remain unblocked. Each orifice is in fluid communication with a wound chamber defined by the wound dressing, and is therefore able to communicate the negative pressure to the wound site.

<FIG> illustrates a wound dressing in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention. The wound dressing of <FIG> is similar to that of <FIG> but includes two orifices <NUM> and <NUM> provided in the cover layer <NUM>. A fluid communication passage connects the two orifices such that a negative pressure applied to one of the orifices is communicated to the remaining orifice via the fluid communication passage. The orifices <NUM>, <NUM> are located in opposite corner regions of the cover layer <NUM>. The fluid communication passage is formed using a flexible moulding <NUM> on the upper surface of the cover layer <NUM>. It will be appreciated that the flexible moulding may be formed from other suitable means for example a strip of transmission or open porous foam layer placed on the cover layer <NUM> between the orifices <NUM> and <NUM> and a further film welded or adhered over the strip thus sealing it to the cover layer and forming a passageway through the foam. A conduit may then be attached in a known manner to the sealing film for application of negative pressure.

In use, the wound dressing having two orifices is sealed over a wound site to form a wound cavity and an external source of negative pressure is applied to one of the orifices <NUM>, <NUM>, and the negative pressure will be communicated to the remaining orifice via the fluid communication passage. Thus, the negative pressure is communicated via the two orifices <NUM>, <NUM> to the transmission layer <NUM>, and thereby to the wound site. If one of the orifices <NUM>, <NUM> becomes blocked due to wound exudate collecting at the orifice under the influence of gravity, the remaining orifice should remain clear, allowing negative pressure to continue to be communicated to the wound site. According to some embodiments, the transmission layer <NUM> may be omitted, and the two orifices will communicate the negative pressure to the wound site via the absorbent layer <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates a side view of the fluid communication passage of the embodiment of <FIG>. Moulding <NUM> is sealed to the top surface of the cover layer <NUM>, and covering orifices <NUM> and <NUM>. Gas permeable liquid impermeable filter elements <NUM> are provided at each orifice. The moulding <NUM> is coupled to an external source of negative pressure via a tube element <NUM>.

According to some embodiments, a single filter element may be used extending underneath the length of the fluid communication passage and the two orifices. While the above example embodiment has been described as having two orifices, it will be understood that more than two orifices could be used, the fluid communication passage allowing the negative pressure to be communicated between the orifices.

<FIG> illustrates an alternative arrangement in which a single elongate orifice <NUM> is provided in the cover layer <NUM>. First and second ends <NUM>, <NUM> of the orifice <NUM> are located in opposite corner regions of the cover layer <NUM>. A flexible molding <NUM> is sealed around the orifice <NUM> and allows negative pressure to be communicated through the cover layer <NUM> along the length of the orifice <NUM>. The flexible moulding <NUM> may be formed by any suitable means as described above in relation to flexible moulding <NUM>.

In use, the wound dressing is sealed over a wound site to form a wound cavity and an external source of negative pressure is applied to the orifice. If, due to the orientation of the wound dressing, wound exudate moves under the influence of gravity to collect around one end <NUM> of the orifice <NUM>, a portion of the orifice <NUM> near to the end <NUM> will become blocked. However, a portion of the orifice near to the remaining end <NUM> should remain clear, allowing continued application of negative pressure to the wound site.

As still further options the dressing can contain anti-microbial e.g. nanocrystalline silver agents on the wound contact layer and/or silver sulphur diazine in the absorbent layer. These may be used separately or together. These respectively kill micro-organisms in the wound and micro-organisms in the absorption matrix. As a still further option other active components, for example, pain suppressants, such as ibuprofen, may be included. Also agents which enhance cell activity, such as growth factors or that inhibit enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, such as tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPS) or zinc chelators could be utilised. As a still further option odour trapping elements such as activated carbon, cyclodextrine, zealite or the like may be included in the absorbent layer or as a still further layer above the filter layer.

It is to be noted that in use the dressing may be used "up-side down", at an angle or vertical. References to upper and lower are thus used for explanation purposes only.

<FIG> illustrates an embodiment of a TNP wound treatment comprising a wound dressing <NUM> in combination with a pump <NUM>. Here, the dressing <NUM> may be placed over a wound as described previously, and a conduit <NUM> may then be connected to the port <NUM>, although in some embodiments the dressing <NUM> may be provided with at least a portion of the conduit <NUM> preattached to the port <NUM>. Preferably, the dressing <NUM> is provided as a single article with all wound dressing elements (including the port <NUM>) preattached and integrated into a single unit. The wound dressing <NUM> may then be connected, via the conduit <NUM>, to a source of negative pressure such as the pump <NUM>. Preferably, the pump <NUM> is miniaturized and portable, although larger conventional pumps may also be used with the dressing <NUM>. In some embodiments, the pump <NUM> may be attached or mounted onto or adjacent the dressing <NUM>. A connector <NUM> may also be provided so as to permit the conduit <NUM> leading to the wound dressing <NUM> to be disconnected from the pump, which may be useful for example during dressing changes.

<FIG> illustrate the use of an embodiment of a TNP wound treatment system being used to treat a wound site on a patient. <FIG> shows a wound site <NUM> being cleaned and prepared for treatment. Here, the healthy skin surrounding the wound site <NUM> is preferably cleaned and excess hair removed or shaved. The wound site <NUM> may also be irrigated with sterile saline solution if necessary. Optionally, a skin protectant may be applied to the skin surrounding the wound site <NUM>. If necessary, a wound packing material, such as foam or gauze, may be placed in the wound site <NUM>. This may be preferable if the wound site <NUM> is a deeper wound.

After the skin surrounding the wound site <NUM> is dry, and with reference now to <FIG>, the wound dressing <NUM> may be positioned and placed over the wound site <NUM>. Preferably, the wound dressing <NUM> is placed with the wound contact layer <NUM> over and/or in contact with the wound site <NUM>. In some embodiments, an adhesive layer is provided on the lower surface <NUM> of the wound contact layer <NUM>, which may in some cases be protected by an optional release layer to be removed prior to placement of the wound dressing <NUM> over the wound site <NUM>. Preferably, the dressing <NUM> is positioned such that the port <NUM> is in a raised position with respect to the remainder of the dressing <NUM> so as to avoid fluid pooling around the port. In some embodiments, the dressing <NUM> is positioned so that the port <NUM> is not directly overlying the wound, and is level with or at a higher point than the wound. To help ensure adequate sealing for TNP, the edges of the dressing <NUM> are preferably smoothed over to avoid creases or folds.

With reference now to <FIG>, the dressing <NUM> is connected to the pump <NUM>. The pump <NUM> is configured to apply negative pressure to the wound site via the dressing <NUM>, and typically through a conduit. In some embodiments, and as described above in - Figure <NUM>, a connector may be used to join the conduit from the dressing <NUM> to the pump <NUM>. Upon the application of negative pressure with the pump <NUM>, the dressing <NUM> may in some embodiments partially collapse and present a wrinkled appearance as a result of the evacuation of some or all of the air underneath the dressing <NUM>. In some embodiments, the pump <NUM> may be configured to detect if any leaks are present in the dressing <NUM>, such as at the interface between the dressing <NUM> and the skin surrounding the wound site <NUM>. Should a leak be found, such leak is preferably remedied prior to continuing treatment.

Turning to <FIG>, additional fixation strips <NUM> may also be attached around the edges of the dressing <NUM>. Such fixation strips <NUM> may be advantageous in some situations so as to provide additional sealing against the skin of the patient surrounding the wound site <NUM>. For example, the fixation strips <NUM> may provide additional sealing for when a patient is more mobile. In some cases, the fixation strips <NUM> may be used prior to activation of the pump <NUM>, particularly if the dressing <NUM> is placed over a difficult to reach or contoured area.

Treatment of the wound site <NUM> preferably continues until the wound has reached a desired level of healing. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to replace the dressing <NUM> after a certain time period has elapsed, or if the dressing is full of wound fluids. During such changes, the pump <NUM> may be kept, with just the dressing <NUM> being changed.

Claim 1:
A wound dressing (<NUM>) for applying topical negative pressure at a wound site, comprising:
a gas impermeable cover layer (<NUM>) comprising an orifice;
an absorbent layer (<NUM>) for absorbing wound exudate underlying the cover layer
wherein the absorbent layer comprises superabsorbent material;
a liquid and gas permeable transmission layer (<NUM>) underlying the cover layer;
a lower pressure sensitive adhesive layer to adhere the wound dressing to skin around the wound site;
and
a suction port (<NUM>) sealed to the cover layer around a perimeter of the orifice and configured to communicate negative pressure through the orifice, the suction port comprising a connector portion for connecting the suction port to a source of negative pressure and a liquid impermeable gas permeable filter element arranged to prevent a liquid from entering the connector portion;
wherein the suction port is situated closer to one end of the dressing, contrasted with a central position and wherein said suction port is manufactured from a transparent material such that a visual check can be made by a user for the ingress of wound exudate into the suction port.