Patent Description:
In various applications involving displays, it is desirable to employ an ambient light sensor to provide various inputs that may be used to control operation of the display. When an amount of ambient light detected by the ambient light sensor increases, for example, a display may be operated with increased brightness to improve the visibility of the image. One context where such ambient light sensors may find use is for automotive interiors, where ambient lighting conditions can vary dramatically depending on location and time of day.

It is generally beneficial to position an ambient light sensor near a display that is controlled by the ambient light sensor so that the sensor measures an accurate representation of the lighting conditions encountered by the display. For example, it may be beneficial to position an ambient light sensor behind a cover glass associated with the display. While beneficial from a display control perspective, such positioning of the ambient light sensor may adversely affect the appearance of the display. For example, the ambient light sensor may be visible to viewers when positioned behind the cover glass if additional measures are not taken to conceal the appearance of the sensor. Existing approaches for concealing sensors may employ a semi-transparent ink layer that is screen printed onto the cover glass. The semi-transparent ink layer may reduce the optical transmission of the cover glass to a great enough extent to conceal visibility of the ambient light sensor, while still having a high enough transmittance to facilitate operation of the ambient light sensor. However, such semi-transparent ink layers are generally screen printed onto the cover glass, which adds complexity and cost to the manufacturing process.

Accordingly, an alternative process for concealing sensors used with displays is desired.

The present disclosure pertains to a glass article comprising: a glass substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface, the second major surface being opposite the first major surface; and an opaque layer disposed on the second major surface, wherein: the opaque layer comprises an optical density of greater than <NUM> such that portions of the glass substrate covered by the opaque layer comprise an average optical transmission of less than or equal to <NUM>% for light from <NUM> to <NUM>, within a sensor region of the glass article, the opaque layer comprises a plurality of ablated portions, and an average optical transmission of the glass article within the sensor region is greater than or equal <NUM>% for the light from <NUM> to <NUM> as a result of the plurality of ablated portions.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary, and are intended to provide an overview or framework to understanding the nature and character of the claims. The accompanying drawings are comprised to provide a further understanding, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiment(s), and together with the description serve to explain principles and operation of the various embodiments.

Referring generally to the figures, described herein are embodiments of glass articles comprising opaque layers that are selectively ablated to include an array of ablated portions that are regions of elevated optical transmission of the glass article. In the regions of elevated optical transmission, the glass article may transmit light in a wavelength range of interest associated with a sensor positioned proximate to the glass article. For example, in embodiments, the regions of elevated optical transmission may provide an average optical transmission of greater than or equal to <NUM>% (e.g., greater than or equal to <NUM>% greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than <NUM>%) over the visible spectrum (e.g., from <NUM> to <NUM>) such that the sensor can detect a relative intensity of visible light incident on the glass article (e.g., when the sensor is an ambient light sensor). In embodiments, the opaque layer may comprise a relatively high optical density (e.g., greater than <NUM> or greater than or equal to <NUM> or greater than or equal to <NUM>) and therefore substantially block visible light from propagating through the glass article. The opaque layer may be used to conceal various components associated with the glass article from view, while the array of ablated portions permits a sufficient amount of light through the glass article to permit detection by the sensor.

In aspects, the array of ablated portions may be structured to conceal the appearance of the sensor, while still providing sufficient optical transmittance to facilitate operation of the sensor. In embodiments, for example, the array of ablated portions extends over a sensor region of the glass article that overlaps the sensor. In embodiments, when the array of ablated portions comprises a plurality of ablated portions (i.e., more than or ablated portion), the array of ablated portions is structured (e.g., arranged, spaced, sized) such that at least <NUM>% (e.g., at least <NUM>%, at least <NUM>%, at least <NUM>%, at least <NUM>%, at least <NUM>%, at least <NUM>%) of the glass substrate in the sensor region is still covered by the opaque layer. Put differently, within the sensor region, less than or equal to <NUM>% (e.g., less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%) of the opaque layer is ablated via the processes described herein. The ablated portions may also be sized to have a maximum horizontal dimension (measured in a direction parallel to a major surface of the glass substrate) that is less than or equal to <NUM> (e.g., less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>). The array of ablated portions may also comprise a minimum edge-to-edge separation distance separating adjacent ablated portions that is greater than (e.g., at least <NUM> times greater than, at least <NUM> times greater than, at least <NUM> times greater than, at least <NUM> times greater than, at least <NUM> times greater than) the maximum horizontal dimension of the ablated portions. Such limited size of the ablated portions, in conjunction with the spacing therebetween, aids in concealing the sensor via the remaining opaque layer contained in the sensor region.

In aspects, the array of ablated portions in the opaque layer described herein may be formed using any suitable laser process. In embodiments, the opaque layer is absorptive of light ranging from the ultraviolet ("UV") to ("IR") spectra. For example, in embodiments, the opaque layers described herein may be formed of a suitable epoxy, acrylic, polyurethane, or latex paint or ink. As such, any suitable laser source emitting light in that wavelength range may be used to ablate the opaque layer by selectively heating portions of the opaque layer to a great enough extent to remove material of the opaque layer from select regions of the glass article. Any laser source (e.g., pulsed laser source, continuous wave laser source) capable of generating light above the material of the opaque layer's ablation threshold may be used. Moreover, various suitable mechanisms for providing relative movement between the glass article and laser beam (e.g., movement of the glass substrate relative to the laser source, a scanning optical system for moving the laser beam relative to the glass substrate, or a combination thereof) are contemplated and within the scope of the present disclosure. Existing laser marking systems may be employed to create the array of ablated portions. As such, the array of ablated portions described herein facilitates operation of sensors (e.g., ambient wavelength sensors) from behind the glass articles, while still concealing the sensors from view, without the use of additional semitransparent films or ink layers. The glass articles of the present disclosure facilitate sensor incorporation with minimal impact on the appearance of the display.

As used herein, the terms "optical transmission" and "percent transmission" or "transmittance" are used interchangeably and refer to a percentage of light transmitted through an article over a wavelength range of interest. An "average optical transmission" for light in a particular wavelength range is determined by averaging a measured optical transmission at all of the whole number wavelengths within that wavelength range. Unless otherwise noted herein, average optical transmission values are for ambient light incident on the entire article, which may be approximated with a CIE D65 illuminant.

As used herein, unless otherwise stated, the term "visible spectrum" refers to a wavelength range of <NUM> to <NUM>.

<FIG> depicts a vehicle display system <NUM> comprising a display <NUM>, according to an example embodiment. The vehicle display system <NUM> can be incorporated into vehicles such as trains, automobiles (e.g., cars, trucks, buses and the like), seacraft (e.g., boats, ships, submarines, and the like), and aircraft (e.g., drones, airplanes, jets, helicopters and the like), including both human-piloted vehicles, semi-autonomous vehicles and fully autonomous vehicles. The vehicle display system <NUM> includes a vehicle base <NUM>, such as a center console, a dashboard, or a steering wheel of a vehicle. In embodiments, the vehicle base <NUM> may include various other vehicle portions, such as an arm rest, a pillar, a seat back, a floorboard, a headrest, a door panel, or any portion of the interior of a vehicle. While the description herein relates primarily to the use of the glass articles in vehicle displays, it should be understood that various embodiments discussed herein may be used in any type of display application. The present disclosure is also not limited to display applications, but could be used in any application incorporating a light source and sensor in close proximity to one another where a uniform appearance is desired.

In embodiments, the vehicle display system <NUM> can be integrated with the electronics system of the vehicle, or the vehicle display system <NUM> may be separate therefrom. The display <NUM> may be manufactured as part of the vehicle or may be retrofitted. In embodiments, the display <NUM> is attached to a suitable support structure that is mounted on the vehicle base <NUM>. In embodiments, a rear surface of the display <NUM> may be in contact with the support structure such that a front, user-facing surface of the display <NUM> (e.g., corresponding to the first major surface <NUM> described herein) faces the vehicle interior so that an image on the display <NUM> can be viewed by vehicle occupants. In embodiments, the display <NUM> may be positioned so as to form a portion of the vehicle base <NUM> and may follow the shape and contour thereof.

A variety of constructions of the display <NUM> are contemplated and within the scope of the present disclosure. As shown in <FIG>, for example, the display <NUM> is incorporated into the vehicle base <NUM> that is a center console. The display <NUM> can be flat or curved depending on the implementation. In embodiments, the display <NUM> comprises a glass substrate, such as a cold-bent glass substrate or a flat glass substrate, and a display module, which may include a backlight unit and a second glass substrate. Curved embodiments incorporating a cold-formed glass substrate may be formed utilizing any of the techniques described in <CIT>, entitled "Laminating thin strengthened glass to curved molded plastic surface for decorative and display cover application," <CIT>, entitled "Cold-formed glass article and assembly process thereof," <CIT>, entitled "Vehicle interior systems having a curved cover glass and a display or touch panel and methods for forming the same," and <CIT>, entitled "Curved glass constructions and methods for forming same,". In embodiments, the display <NUM> is a flexible display capable of being manipulated in shape and/or position, as described in <CIT>, entitled "Dynamically Adjustable Display System and Methods of Dynamically Adjusting a Display,".

As shown in <FIG>, the vehicle display system <NUM> comprises a sensor <NUM>. The sensor <NUM> is disposed proximate to the display <NUM>. In embodiments, the sensor <NUM> is used by a control system (not depicted) associated with the vehicle display system <NUM> to control operation of the display <NUM>. In embodiments, the sensor <NUM> comprises a photodetector configured to generate electrical signals responsive to light being incident thereon. In such embodiments, the sensor <NUM> may be used to detect light that is incident on the display to determine an ambient light state. At times when the ambient light is detected to be relatively high, for example, the control system (e.g., via a processor executing instructions stored in a memory) may increase a brightness of an image generated by the display <NUM> to render the image more visible to viewers in the vehicle interior. Such dynamic brightness adjustment beneficially renders the image viewable by the viewers irrespective of the ambient light state in the vehicle interior.

In embodiments, the sensor <NUM> detects light in a suitable wavelength range of interest to determine the ambient light state. For example, in embodiments, the sensor <NUM> may measure light throughout the visible spectrum (e.g., from <NUM> to <NUM>) to determine whether the ambient light conditions are likely to generate glare on the display <NUM>. Embodiments where the sensor <NUM> generates signals responsive to light in other wavelength ranges of interest (e.g., detects light outside of the visible spectrum) are also contemplated and within the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, while the example of a photodetector has been described herein, the sensor <NUM> may be employed in a variety of forms (e.g., a location detector, a camera, a proximity sensor). While the depicted example only includes a single sensor <NUM>, embodiments are also contemplated that incorporate more than one sensor.

In embodiments, the sensor <NUM> is positioned behind a cover glass associated with the display <NUM>. For example, <FIG> schematically depicts a cross-sectional view of the display <NUM> through the line II-II depicted in <FIG> and <FIG>, according to an example embodiment. As shown, the display <NUM> generally comprises a glass article <NUM> and a display module <NUM>. In embodiments the display module <NUM> comprises a light source configured to generate light that is transmitted through the glass article <NUM> for providing information to viewers in the vehicle interior. In one or more embodiments, the display module <NUM> comprises a display, such as a touch-enabled display which includes a display and touch panel. Exemplary displays include LED display, a DLP MEMS chip, LCDs, OLEDs, transmissive displays, and the like. Alternatively or additionally, the display module <NUM> comprises another suitable light emission device (e.g., a light-emitting diode or light-emitting diode array, a laser, or other light source). The glass article <NUM> generally serves as a cover glass for the display module <NUM> providing protection and other performance enhancing attributes (e.g., anti-glare or anti-reflective) thereto.

The sensor <NUM> is shown to be disposed behind the glass article <NUM> and proximate to the display module <NUM>. Such a structure is beneficial in that the sensor <NUM> is able to detect environmental conditions that accurately represent what the display <NUM> is exposed to (see <FIG>) in real-time. Moreover, the glass article <NUM> also serves as a protective cover for the sensor <NUM> and conceals the sensor <NUM> from view via the methods described herein.

As shown in <FIG>, the glass article <NUM> comprises at least a substrate <NUM> and an opaque layer <NUM>. The substrate <NUM> has a first major surface <NUM> facing a viewer and a second major surface <NUM> upon which the opaque layer <NUM> may be disposed (at least in part). As used herein, the term "dispose" includes coating, depositing and/or forming a material onto a surface using any known method in the art. The disposed material may constitute a layer, as defined herein. As used herein, the phrase "disposed on" includes the instance of forming a material onto a surface such that the material is in direct contact with the surface and also includes the instance where the material is formed on a surface, with one or more intervening material(s) is between the disposed material and the surface. The intervening material(s) may constitute a layer, as defined herein. The term "layer" may include a single layer or may include one or more sub-layers. Such sub-layers may be in direct contact with one another. The sub-layers may be formed from the same material or two or more different materials. In one or more alternative embodiments, such sub-layers may have intervening layers of different materials disposed therebetween. In one or more embodiments a layer may include one or more contiguous and uninterrupted layers and/or one or more discontinuous and interrupted layers (i.e., a layer having different materials formed adjacent to one another). A layer or sub-layers may be formed by any known method in the art, including discrete deposition or continuous deposition processes. In one or more embodiments, the layer may be formed using only continuous deposition processes, or, alternatively, only discrete deposition processes.

In embodiments, the substrate <NUM> is a glass substrate that is optionally chemically strengthened and comprises a thickness of from <NUM> to <NUM>. More detail on the construction of such a glass substrate will be provided herein with respect to <FIG>. In embodiments, the substrate <NUM> may be a transparent plastic, such as PMMA, polycarbonate and the like.

In embodiments, the glass article <NUM> comprises a functional surface layer <NUM>. The functional surface layer <NUM> can be configured to provide one or more of a variety of functions. For example, the functional surface layer <NUM> may be optical coating configured to provide easy-to-clean performance, anti-glare properties, antireflection properties, and/or half-mirror coating. Such optical coatings can be created using single layers or multiple layers. In the case of anti-reflection functional surface layers, such layers may be formed using multiple layers having alternating high refractive index and low refractive index. Non-limiting examples of low refractive index films include SiO<NUM>, MgF<NUM>, and Al<NUM>O<NUM>, and non-limiting examples of high refractive index films include Nb<NUM>O<NUM>, TiO<NUM>, ZrO<NUM>, HfO<NUM>, and Y<NUM>O<NUM>. In embodiments, the total thickness of such an optical coating (which may be disposed over an anti-glare surface or a smooth substrate surface) is from <NUM> to <NUM>. Additionally, in embodiments, the functional surface layer <NUM> that provides easy-to-clean performance also provides enhanced feel for touch screens and/or coating/treatments to reduce fingerprints. In some embodiments, functional surface layer <NUM> is integral to the first surface of the substrate. For example, such functional surface layers can include an etched surface in the first surface of the substrate <NUM> providing an anti-glare surface (or haze of from, e.g., <NUM>% to <NUM>%).

In embodiments, the opaque layer <NUM> is printed onto the second major surface <NUM> of the substrate <NUM>. The opaque layer <NUM> may be constructed of a suitable ink (e.g., photocurable ink a thermally curable ink), such that the opaque layer <NUM> possesses a relatively high optical density (e.g., an optical density of greater than <NUM> or greater than or equal to <NUM>), in order to block light transmittance. In embodiments, the opaque layer <NUM> is constructed of a suitable ink comprising a pigment dispersion (e.g., containing a suitable colorant such as carbon black and monomers) and binder solution. Various commercially available photocurable and radiation-curable inks are contemplated and within the scope of the present disclosure. The ink used to form the opaque layer <NUM> may generally absorb radiation from the UV spectrum through the infrared spectrum.

In embodiments, the opaque layer <NUM> is used to block light from transmitting through certain regions of the glass article <NUM>. In embodiments, the opaque layer <NUM> obscures functional or non-decorative elements provided for the operation of the glass article <NUM>. In embodiments, the opaque layer <NUM> is provided to outline backlit icons and/or other graphics (not depicted) so as to increase the contrast at the edges of such icons and/or graphics. The opaque layer <NUM> can be any color; in particular embodiments, though, the opaque layer <NUM> is black or gray. In embodiments, the opaque layer <NUM> is applied via a suitable application technique (e.g., inkjet printing, screen printing) over the second major surface <NUM> of the substrate <NUM>. Generally, the thickness of the opaque layer <NUM> is less than or equal to <NUM> (e.g., greater than or equal to <NUM> and less than or equal to <NUM>, greater than or equal to <NUM> and less than or equal to <NUM>, greater than or equal to <NUM> and less than or equal to <NUM>, greater than or equal to <NUM> and less than or equal to <NUM>).

In embodiments, the opaque layer <NUM> is directly deposited onto the second major surface <NUM>. In embodiments, prior to deposition of the opaque layer <NUM>, the second major surface <NUM> may be primed using a suitable primer (e.g., an acryloxy silane primer) to facilitate adhesion of the opaque layer <NUM> to the substrate <NUM>. Any suitable treatment to the second major surface <NUM> may be used to facilitate adhesion of the opaque layer <NUM> to the substrate <NUM>.

In embodiments, the high optical density of the opaque layer <NUM> causes the areas of the glass article <NUM> incorporating the opaque layer <NUM> to have relatively low average optical transmission (e.g., an average transmittance of less than or equal to <NUM>% or less than or equal to <NUM>%) in the visible spectrum. Accordingly, the boundaries of the opaque layer <NUM> may define an image region <NUM>, where the glass article <NUM> can exhibit a relatively high optical transmission (e.g., greater than or equal to <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>%, averaged over the visible spectrum) to facilitate visibility of the light generated by the display module <NUM>, and a peripheral region <NUM>, where the glass article <NUM> generally exhibits a lower optical transmission than in the image region <NUM> to facilitate concealment of various components. In the depicted embodiment, the opaque layer <NUM> covers the edges <NUM> of the display module <NUM> to hide the edges <NUM> from view through the first major surface <NUM>. The opaque layer <NUM> may also be used to obscure various other components from view (e.g., electrical connections, mechanical housings, and the like). The opaque layer <NUM> generally facilitates a desired portion of the display module <NUM> being viewable by users viewing the first major surface <NUM>.

Referring still to <FIG>, the opacity and high optical density of the opaque layer <NUM> may hinder operation of the sensor <NUM> by preventing light in the wavelength range of interest from reaching the sensor <NUM>. Accordingly, within a sensor region <NUM> of the glass article <NUM>, portions of the opaque layer <NUM> are selectively removed (at least partially) to provide regions of relatively high optical transmission (as compared with portions of the glass article <NUM> where no portion of the opaque layer <NUM> is removed) in the wavelength range of interest associated with the sensor <NUM>. As a result of such selective removal of the opaque layer <NUM>, the opaque layer <NUM> comprises a plurality of ablated portions <NUM> in the sensor region <NUM>. In embodiments, within each of the plurality of ablated portions <NUM>, at least some of the material of the opaque layer <NUM> is removed such that the opaque layer <NUM> comprises a diminished thickness within the plurality of ablated portions <NUM>. In embodiments, all of the material of the opaque layer <NUM> is removed within each of the plurality of ablated portions <NUM>, such that, within each of the plurality of ablated portions <NUM>, the opaque layer <NUM> is completely devoid of the material making up the remainder of the opaque layer <NUM>. The plurality of ablated portions <NUM> may comprise voids devoid of the material (e.g., cured ink) of the opaque layer <NUM>. In embodiments, the plurality of ablated portions <NUM> are filled with air or other gas that is a component of the external environment of the display <NUM>. In embodiments, the plurality of ablated portions <NUM> may be at least partially filled with another material (e.g., an optically clear adhesive used to attach the sensor <NUM> or other component such as a support structure).

In embodiments, the plurality of ablated portions <NUM> in the opaque layer <NUM> contain less of the material that tends to absorb optical radiation in the wavelength range of interest associated with the sensor <NUM> that makes up a remainder of the opaque layer <NUM>. As a result, within the plurality of ablated portions <NUM>, the glass article <NUM> comprises a higher optical transmission within the wavelength range of interest than in other portions of the glass article <NUM> where the opaque layer <NUM> comprises a full thickness. The plurality of ablated portions <NUM> comprise regions of elevated optical transmission in the wavelength range of interest, thereby allowing a detectable amount of radiation to propagate through the glass article <NUM> within the sensor region <NUM> to reach the sensor <NUM> to generate a sensor signal that can be used to estimate the ambient light state of the display <NUM> and control the display module <NUM> accordingly.

<FIG> schematically depicts a plan view of the glass article <NUM> (e.g., from the side of the first major surface <NUM>), according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In the depicted embodiment, the image region <NUM> defined at least in part by the opaque layer <NUM>, is rectangular-shaped (e.g., to correspond to an image generated by the display module <NUM> depicted in <FIG>). The peripheral region <NUM>, corresponding to the portion of the glass substrate <NUM> that is covered by the optically absorptive material of the opaque layer <NUM>, circumferentially surrounds the image region <NUM>. In embodiments, the peripheral region <NUM> extends radially inward from an outer peripheral edge of the glass substrate <NUM> to an inner edge of the opaque layer <NUM> defining an outer boundary of the image region <NUM>. The particular shape and size of the image region <NUM> and the peripheral region <NUM> are not particularly limiting.

In the depicted embodiment, the sensor region <NUM> is contained in the peripheral region <NUM>. The sensor region <NUM> corresponds to the smallest shape extending tangent to all of the outermost ablated portions in the plurality of ablated portions <NUM>. The outermost ablated portions comprise geometric centers that are the greatest radial distance from the geometric center of the plurality of ablated portions <NUM> when viewed as a whole (e.g., a geometric center of the array of ablated portions <NUM>, see <FIG>). In embodiments, the sensor region <NUM> corresponds in shape and size to a sensing area of the sensor <NUM> (see <FIG>). The size and shape of the sensor region <NUM> may correspond in shape to a particular area over which the sensor <NUM> may detect radiation (e.g., corresponding to the size of a photodetector or photodetector array, or a sensing area determined by optics within the sensor <NUM>). Such a construction is beneficial in that the plurality of ablated portions <NUM> are arranged over the entire sensing area of the sensor <NUM>, facilitating detection over a wide area and favorable sensitivity over embodiments where the sensor region <NUM> is smaller than the overall sensing area. Embodiments are also envisioned where the sensor region <NUM> is smaller or greater in size than the sensor <NUM>. In embodiments, a surface area of the sensor region may be greater than or equal to <NUM><NUM> (e.g., greater than or equal to <NUM><NUM>, greater than or equal to <NUM><NUM>, greater than or equal to <NUM><NUM>, greater than or equal to <NUM><NUM>, greater than or equal to <NUM><NUM>, greater than or equal to <NUM><NUM> and less than or equal to <NUM><NUM>), for example, when the sensor region <NUM> only comprises a single ablated portion. In embodiments, for example, when the sensor region comprises a plurality of ablated portions, a surface area of the sensor region is greater than or equal to <NUM><NUM> (e.g., greater than or equal to <NUM><NUM>, greater than or equal to <NUM><NUM>, greater than or equal to <NUM><NUM>, or even greater) and less than or equal to <NUM><NUM> (e.g., less than or equal to <NUM><NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM><NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM><NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM><NUM>). Sensor regions that are greater in size than any of the preceding ranges are also contemplated and within the scope of the present disclosure.

In embodiments, the plurality of ablated portions <NUM> comprises at least <NUM> (e.g., at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>, at least <NUM>) separate ablated portions of the opaque layer <NUM>. The plurality of ablated portions <NUM> are generally arranged in an array of ablated portions <NUM>. The array of ablated portions <NUM> may contain any suitable arrangement of ablated portions. For example, in the depicted embodiment, the array of ablated portions <NUM> comprises a plurality of equally spaced rows of ablated portions, with each row of ablated portions comprising a plurality of equally spaced ablated portions. Such an arrangement uniformly distributes the ablated portions over the sensor region <NUM> and may facilitate consistent measurements by the sensor <NUM>. Other arrangements, where the ablated portions are distributed non-uniformly or in other patterns, are also contemplated and within the scope of the present disclosure. In embodiments, for example, the array of ablated portions <NUM> is arranged in an alternating row arrangement, where every other row of ablated portions is aligned in a direction extending perpendicular to the row direction, but adjacent rows are offset from one another along the row direction. Any suitable pattern of ablated portions is possible and may be fabricated in accordance with the method described herein.

The array of ablated portions <NUM> is constructed so that, within the sensor region <NUM>, the glass article <NUM> comprises an average optical transmission of greater than or equal to <NUM>% (e.g., greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>%) in the wavelength range of interest associated with the sensor <NUM>. Such an optical transmission allows the sensor <NUM> to provide usable detection signals (e.g., above a signal-to-noise ratio associated with the sensor <NUM>) from light propagating through the glass article <NUM>. In embodiments, the array of ablated portions <NUM> is constructed so that, within the sensor region <NUM>, the glass article <NUM> comprises an optical average transmission of less than or equal to <NUM>% (e.g., less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%) in the visible spectrum to aid in concealing the sensor <NUM> from view. As such, in embodiments, within the sensor region <NUM>, the glass article <NUM> may comprise an average optical transmission in the visible spectrum (e.g., from <NUM> to <NUM>) that is greater than or equal to <NUM>% and less than or equal to <NUM>% (e.g., greater than or equal to <NUM>% and less than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>% and less than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>% and less than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>% and less than or equal to <NUM>%, greater than or equal to <NUM>% and less than or equal to <NUM>%). Such an optical transmission facilitates operation of the sensor <NUM> while still concealing the sensor <NUM> from view when the display <NUM> is viewed from the interior of the vehicle.

To provide such an optical transmission, the ablated portions in the opaque layer <NUM> may be constructed with a size and spacing such that a majority of the surface area of the opaque layer <NUM> in the sensor region <NUM> does not contain an ablated portion. In embodiments, when, for example, the array of ablated portions <NUM> comprises more than one ablated portion, a combined surface area of the plurality of ablated portions <NUM> makes up less than <NUM>% (e.g., less than <NUM>%, less than <NUM>%, less than <NUM>%, less than <NUM>%, less than <NUM>%, less than <NUM>%) of the surface area of the sensor region <NUM>, measured in a direction extending parallel to the second major surface <NUM> of the glass substrate <NUM> (see <FIG>). The greater the combined surface area percentage of the plurality of ablated portions <NUM>, the higher optical transmission in the wavelength range of interest and/or visible spectrum. As such, the manner with which the array of ablated portions <NUM> is constructed may vary depending on the construction of the display <NUM>. When the sensor <NUM> tends to be more reflective of light, for example, the combined surface area percentage of the plurality of ablated portions <NUM> may generally be on the lower end of the above range (e.g., less than <NUM>%, less than <NUM>%, less than <NUM>%) to aid in hiding the sensor. The combined surface area percentage of the plurality of ablated portions <NUM> may also vary depending on the sensitivity of the sensor <NUM> (e.g., more sensitive detection circuitry may allow smaller ablated portions that are spaced apart at greater distances from one another to aid in hiding the sensor <NUM> from view). <FIG> schematically depicts the array of ablated portions <NUM> in greater detail. In the depicted embodiment, each ablated portion of the plurality of ablated portions <NUM> is the same shape. Such a structure may facilitate efficient realization of the ablated portions by allowing consistent laser operation parameters in forming the ablated portions, as described herein. Embodiments are also contemplated where the ablated portions vary from one another in size and shape, though such embodiments may disadvantageously require more complicated laser control regimes during the methods described herein.

In the depicted embodiment, each ablated portion in the plurality of ablated portions <NUM> is substantially circular in shape. The shape of the ablated portions may generally correspond in shape to the spatial intensity density distribution of a laser beam that is used to form the plurality of ablated portions <NUM>. The shape of the spatial intensity distribution at which the laser beam possesses an intensity above the material of the opaque layer <NUM>'s ablation threshold generally determines the shape and size of the ablated portions. As may be appreciated, the actual shape of the ablated portions may vary somewhat from being precisely circular due to laser variations and the ablation process. In embodiments, each ablated portion of the plurality of ablated portions <NUM> comprises a maximum horizontal dimension <NUM>, measured in a direction extending parallel to the second major surface <NUM> of the glass substrate <NUM> (see <FIG>), that is less than or equal to <NUM> (e.g., less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>). The maximum horizontal dimension corresponds to a length of a longest straight light extending through one of the ablated portions and connecting two different portions of a perimeter edge of one of the ablated portions. Maintaining the maximum horizontal dimension <NUM> beneath <NUM> facilitates rendering them invisible to the naked eye and provides the display <NUM> with a favorable appearance.

As shown in <FIG>, the array of ablated portions <NUM> comprises a plurality of rows of ablated portions extending along a first direction <NUM>. The plurality of rows are spaced apart along a second direction <NUM>. Adjacent ablated portions in each row may comprises a minimum first direction edge-to-edge distance <NUM> that is greater than or equal to the maximum horizontal dimension <NUM> of each ablated portion. In embodiments, the minimum first direction edge-to-edge distance <NUM> is greater than or equal to <NUM> times (e.g., greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> time, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times) the maximum horizontal dimension <NUM>. Adjacent rows in the array of ablated portions <NUM> may also be separated from one another such that ablated portions that are nearest to one another in the second direction <NUM> comprise a minimum second direction edge-to-edge distance <NUM> that is greater than or equal to the maximum horizontal dimension <NUM> of each ablated portion. In embodiments, for example, the minimum second direction edge-to-edge distance <NUM> is greater than or equal to <NUM> times (e.g., greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> time, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times, greater than or equal to <NUM> times) the maximum horizontal dimension <NUM>. Generally, regardless of the exact arrangement of the ablated portions, the ablated portions are arranged such that a minimum edge-to-edge separation distance (measuring a length of a line extending parallel to the second major surface <NUM> separating a pair of ablated portions that are closest to one another) is greater than or equal to the <NUM> times the maximum horizontal dimension <NUM>. Such spacing of the ablated portions facilitates the presence of the opaque layer <NUM> concealing the sensor <NUM> from view.

While the array of ablated portions <NUM> comprises a rectangular peripheral shape of evenly spaced rows of ablated portions, it should be understood that a variety of arrangements of ablated portions are contemplated and within the scope of the present disclosure. Any suitable combination of ablated portions, having any suitable size or peripheral shapes, are contemplated and within the scope of the present disclosure. Since the ablated portions described herein may be formed through laser ablation of the opaque layer <NUM>, the arrangement of ablated portions can be tailored specifically to use case needs through manipulation of laser parameters.

<FIG> depicts a flow diagram of a method <NUM> of fabricating a display system comprising an ambient light sensor, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In an example, the method <NUM> may be used to fabricate the glass article <NUM> and/or display <NUM> described herein with respect to <FIG>. The method <NUM> may also be used to fabricate other glass articles. Reference will be made to various components of the display <NUM>, as described herein with respect to <FIG>, to aid in the description of the method <NUM>.

At block <NUM>, the glass substrate <NUM> is provided with the opaque layer <NUM> disposed thereon. The glass substrate <NUM> may be fabricated via any suitable method (e.g., float method, down-draw method) or purchased commercially. The opaque layer <NUM> may be formed by depositing a suitable curable ink (e.g., a thermally cured ink or radiation-curable ink) comprising, for example, a pigment dispersion, binder system, and photoinitiator. The pigment dispersion may contain a suitable colorant (e.g., carbon black) at a relatively high weight percentage (e.g., at least <NUM> wt%, at least <NUM> wt%, at least <NUM> wt%) such that the ink, once cured, provides an optical density of greater than or equal to <NUM> or greater than or equal to <NUM>. The ink may be deposited onto the second major surface <NUM> (or a primer layer or other coating disposed thereon) using a suitable deposition process (e.g., inkjet printing or screen printing). After curing via a suitable curing method, the opaque layer <NUM> may comprise an average optical transmission of less than or equal to <NUM>% (e.g., less than or equal to <NUM>%, less than or equal to <NUM>%) for light from <NUM> to <NUM>.

At block <NUM>, the opaque layer <NUM> is exposed to light from a light source to selectively remove the opaque layer in a pattern to form transmissive regions in the opaque layer <NUM>. In embodiments, portions of the opaque layer <NUM> are selectively exposed to a laser beam such that the laser beam heats the material of the opaque layer <NUM> to ablate the material and form the plurality of ablated portions <NUM>. <FIG> schematically depicts an apparatus <NUM> that may be used to form the plurality of ablated portions <NUM>. The apparatus <NUM> comprises a laser source <NUM> and a base <NUM>. The laser source <NUM> is a laser system that emits a laser beam <NUM> at a suitable wavelength and intensity such that that the laser beam <NUM> is capable of ablating the material of the opaque layer <NUM>. As described herein, the opaque layer <NUM> may be formed of a black or gray ink that exhibits a relatively high absorbance for light spanning from the UV to IR spectrums (e.g., from <NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM>). For example, in embodiments, the opaque layer <NUM> may be constructed of a suitable ink such as an epoxy-based ink, an acrylic-based ink, a latex-based ink, or a polyurethane-based ink that comprises an average absorbance of at least <NUM>% for light from <NUM> to <NUM>. Commercially available laser sources may be used to emit light that can ablate the material of the opaque layer <NUM>. Use of UV lasers (e.g., emitting a laser beam <NUM> having a linewidth including <NUM>), CO<NUM> lasers (e.g., emitting a laser beam <NUM> having a linewidth including <NUM>), and IR lasers (e.g., emitting a laser beam <NUM> having a linewidth including <NUM>) are contemplated and within the scope of the present disclosure. Such wavelengths are beneficial in that, with proper optical system configuration, they can be used without damaging the glass substrate <NUM>.

A variety of approaches for forming the array of ablated portions <NUM> is contemplated. For example, in embodiments, the base <NUM> is stationary. As a result, the glass substrate <NUM>, when placed on the base <NUM>, may remain stationary upon exposure to the laser beam <NUM>. Accordingly, to form ablated portions in a desired pattern, the laser beam <NUM> may be scanned over the opaque layer <NUM> such that various regions thereof are exposed to the laser beam <NUM> for a sufficient period to cause ablation of the material of the opaque layer <NUM>. In this regard, the apparatus <NUM> may include an optical system <NUM>. The optical system <NUM> may include one or more optical elements (e.g., lenses, mirrors, etc.) to manipulate the laser beam <NUM> and scan the opaque layer <NUM> in a desired pattern to form the array of ablated portions <NUM>. For example, in embodiments, the optical system <NUM> comprises a galvanometric scanner (e.g., a 1D optical scanner, a 2D optical scanner) that alters the propagation direction of the laser beam <NUM> to change the point of incidence of the laser beam <NUM> on the opaque layer <NUM>. In embodiments, for example, the laser beam <NUM> may initially be incident on a first portion of the opaque layer <NUM>. The opaque layer <NUM> may be exposed to the laser beam <NUM> for an exposure period to cause sufficient heating to ablate the material of the opaque layer <NUM>. After the exposure period, the galvanometric scanner may alter configurations to change the point of incidence of the laser beam <NUM> to form another ablated portion. Such a process may repeat until a desired pattern of ablated portions is formed.

In embodiments, the base <NUM> is in motion while the glass substrate <NUM> is exposed to the laser beam <NUM>. For example, the base <NUM> may be (or disposed on) a conveyor belt that moves the glass substrate <NUM> in a conveyor direction <NUM>. In such embodiments, a controller (not depicted) may detect the position of the glass substrate <NUM> and fire the laser source <NUM> to remove portions of the opaque layer <NUM> as described above. The scanning patterns of the laser beam <NUM> may be modified based on the movement rate and direction of the glass substrate <NUM>. Such an "on the fly" approach beneficially improves operating efficiencies by avoiding stoppages of the glass substrate <NUM>.

In embodiments, the optical system <NUM> also includes beam conditioning optics that may manipulate the spatial intensity distribution of the laser beam <NUM> when the laser beam <NUM> is incident on the opaque layer <NUM>. For example, the optical system <NUM> may focus the laser beam <NUM> to cause at least a portion of the beam to have an intensity above an ablation threshold of the material of the opaque layer <NUM>. The optical system <NUM> may also partially determine the shape of the ablated portions my manipulating the shape of the intensity distribution of the laser beam <NUM>.

In embodiments, the optical system <NUM> may manipulate the laser beam <NUM> during the formation of a single one of the plurality of ablated portions <NUM>. That is, during the formation of a single ablated portion, the optical system <NUM> may alter a point of incidence of the laser beam <NUM> on the opaque layer <NUM>, such that each individual of ablated portion is formed by scanning the laser beam <NUM> in a scanning pattern. Such an approach provides flexibility in the shape and size of the ablated portion that may be formed, as the scanning pattern used may alter the precise portion of the opaque layer <NUM> that is exposed to enough radiation to cause ablation. Using such an approach, a wide variety of ablated portions, that may vary in shape from a spatial intensity distribution of the laser beam <NUM>, may be formed. Ablated portions of circular, elliptical, and parallelepiped-shaped cross-sections are contemplated and within the scope of the present disclosure.

In embodiments, the optical system <NUM> can comprise one or more diffractive optical elements. For example, in embodiments, the diffractive optical element is a one-dimensional or two-dimensional diffractive beam splitter that can diffract the laser beam <NUM> into a plurality of diffractive beams that are each capable of ablating the material of the opaque layer <NUM>. This way, a pattern of ablated regions can be formed via diffraction and without scanning the laser beam <NUM>. In embodiments, the optical system <NUM> can include a micro lens array for focusing the laser beam <NUM> into a plurality of focal spots on the opaque layer <NUM> to form the array of ablated portions <NUM> without moving. Each focal spot may have a circular or non-circular spatial power distribution to facilitate forming ablated portions of a desired shape.

In embodiments, the optical system <NUM> can comprise of a geometrical phase hologram, a spatial light modulator, or other suitable beam manipulation device. In embodiments, for example, the hologram or spatial light modulator may be used in combination with a suitable optical system (e.g., lens system) to generate a desired pattern on the opaque layer <NUM> to form a pattern of ablated regions without any moving parts. Embodiments are also envisioned where the spatial light modulator, hologram, diffractive optical element(s), or micro lens array may be used in combination with a scanner to provide further flexibility in pattern generation.

Referring generally to <FIG>, it has been found that the laser source <NUM> may be operated to generate a pulsed or continuous wave laser beam and still successfully generate ablated portions in the opaque region in accordance with the present disclosure. In embodiments, for example, the laser source <NUM> may be operated as a quasi-cw laser, where the pump of a cw laser source is switched on for an interval determined to be sufficient to ablate the opaque layer <NUM> in a desired manner (e.g., less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>, less than or equal to <NUM>). In an example, a CO<NUM> laser operating at <NUM> with a Gaussian intensity distribution was operated to form ablated portions in an acrylic opaque layer. The laser was focused to a beam size (<NUM>/e<NUM>) at the focal point of about <NUM>. When the laser was operated using an on-interval of <NUM> for each ablated portion at a power of <NUM> W, an ablated portion with a maximum horizontal dimension of <NUM> was observed. In another example, a pulsed UV laser operating at <NUM> was used to generate ablated portions in an acrylic opaque layer. The pulse duration was <NUM> ns with a <NUM> repetition rate. The UV laser had a Gaussian intensity distribution and was focused using a lens to a spot size of <NUM>. In embodiments, the laser can be defocused on the glass (e.g., by <NUM> or less, by <NUM> or less, <NUM> or less, <NUM> or less), such that the minimum spot size observed at the focal point was displaced from the second major surface <NUM>. When the laser was defocused by <NUM> and had a power of <NUM> Watts, exposure of an area of <NUM> pulses resulted in a hole of <NUM>, with the opaque layer fully removed. As such, depending on how the laser beam <NUM> is focused via the optical system <NUM> ablated portions of various sizes may be formed using a variety of laser systems. The size of the ablated portions may also be varied depending on the exposure period (e.g., number of pulses or time period) for each portion of the opaque layer. Various combinations of laser sources and optical systems are contemplated and within the scope of the present disclosure.

Referring again to <FIG>, at block <NUM>, the glass substrate <NUM> is positioned relative to the sensor <NUM> such that light propagating through the glass substrate <NUM> is transmitted through the plurality of ablated portions <NUM> onto the sensor <NUM>. In embodiments, the sensor <NUM> is attached to the opaque layer <NUM> (e.g., via a suitable optically clear adhesive) such that the sensor <NUM> at least partially overlaps the sensor region <NUM> containing the array of ablated portions <NUM>. In embodiments, the sensor <NUM> is positioned in the vehicle display system <NUM> when the display <NUM> is incorporated into the vehicle display system <NUM> and positioned on an optical path such that at least some light propagating through the sensor region <NUM> is incident on the sensor <NUM>. In an example, the display module <NUM> is laminated to the glass substrate <NUM> as shown in <FIG>. The glass article <NUM> may then be attached to a support structure (not depicted) for mounting into the vehicle display system <NUM>. As described herein, the ablated portions in the opaque layer <NUM> beneficially allow operation of the sensor <NUM> while hiding the sensor <NUM> from view.

It should be appreciated that display articles in accordance with the present disclosure may include any number of sensor regions. In embodiments, each of such sensor regions comprises a different array of ablated portions of the opaque layer <NUM>. The arrays of ablated portions may vary depending on the sensors that each sensor region is disposed in front of. Embodiments are also envisioned where a single sensor region is placed in front of multiple sensors. A single array of ablated portions may be used to facilitate operation of a plurality of sensors while hiding the sensors from view.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be further understood in view of the following examples.

In the following examples, an opaque layer of a commercially available ink was disposed on a glass substrate and exposed to various lasers to form ablated portions as shown. In the examples, an acrylic opaque layer within the thickness ranges described herein was disposed on a glass substrate and subjected to exposure from various laser sources to generate the depicted ablated regions.

In a first example, a CO<NUM> laser operating at a <NUM> wavelength having an effective power of 4W was scanned over the opaque layer and used to generate circle-shaped holes in the opaque layer in a grid-like pattern (uniform spacing). The laser had a Gaussian intensity distribution and was focused onto the opaque layer with a spot size of about <NUM>. The laser was operated as a quasi-cw source with an on-time of <NUM> per ablated portion. Such an approach successfully generated ablated portions where the opaque layer was fully removed. The holes were <NUM> in diameter and a 20x20 grid was generated in less than <NUM> seconds. <FIG> depicts another example array of ablated portions <NUM> formed in the opaque layer with a CO<NUM> laser at <NUM> and a power of <NUM> W. As shown, the ablated portions were holes having a <NUM> diameter. The minimum edge-to-edge spacing of the holes was <NUM>. As such, the diameter of the holes was approximately equal to the minimum edge-to-edge distance in this example. The average optical transmission of ambient light for this example was calculated to be about <NUM>%, without taking into account the surface reflections (about <NUM>% in the visible).

<FIG> depicts another example array of ablated portions <NUM> formed by scanning a UV laser at <NUM> over the opaque layer. The laser was running at a <NUM> repetition rate (with a pulse width of <NUM> ns) and with a power of <NUM>. The laser beam was focused on the opaque layer with a theoretical spot size (<NUM>/e<NUM>) of <NUM>. The laser beam was scanned in a grid pattern (line-by-line) stopping at a desired location to expose the opaque layer to a total of <NUM> pulses at each location to remove the opaque layer. The laser generated ablated portions that were circular holes with a diameter of <NUM>. The edge-to-edge spacing of the holes was measured to be about <NUM>, or more than three times the hole diameter. Such a structure resulted in a calculated optical transmission of about <NUM>% for ambient light. The Examples described herein with respect to <FIG> demonstrate how hole size and spacing may be used to determine the transmission of the glass article within the sensor region.

<FIG> depict close-up images of ablated portions formed with different lasers. <FIG> shows a first ablated portion <NUM> having a diameter of <NUM> generated via exposure to a CO<NUM> laser at <NUM>. The laser power was <NUM> W. The laser was turned on and a circular scan with a radius of <NUM> and a speed of <NUM>/s was used to make the ablated hole. <FIG> shows a second ablated portion <NUM> having a diameter of <NUM> via exposure to a UV laser at <NUM>. The laser power was running at <NUM> W with a repetition rate of <NUM>. The laser beam was focused on the opaque ink layer with a theoretical beam size of <NUM> (<NUM>/e<NUM>). The laser was scanned at a speed of <NUM>/s along two concentric circles to remove the opaque ink layer. The concentric circles had radii of about <NUM> and <NUM>, respectively. <FIG> shows a third ablated portion <NUM> having a diameter of <NUM> generated via exposure to an IR laser at <NUM>. As shown, the third ablated portion <NUM> comprised a rougher edge than either of the first and second ablated portions <NUM> and <NUM>. It is thought that this was due to variations in shape of the IR laser, or a reduced absorptivity of opaque layer at <NUM>. These examples demonstrate successful formation of ablated portions using a variety of commercially available lasers. Moreover, these examples also demonstrate how each individual ablated portion may be formed using a combination of scanning patterns (e.g., scanning the laser beam in one or more circles to generate each ablated portion) such that ablated portions with any desired shape may be formed. The scanning rate needed to ablate the opaque layer may depend on the power of the laser source and whether the laser source is pulsed or cw.

<FIG> depicts another example array of ablated portions <NUM> in an opaque layer. <FIG> depicts another example array of ablated portions <NUM> in an opaque layer. The ablated portions in both examples were formed using a CO<NUM> laser. The ablated portions in <FIG> comprised holes in the opaque layer where material of the opaque layer was completely removed (such that no material of the opaque layer was present within each ablated portion). The holes had a diameter of <NUM> and a minimum edge-to-edge distance of <NUM>. The ablated portions in <FIG> comprised holes in the opaque layer where the material of the opaque layer was only partially removed. That is, in <FIG>, some material of the opaque layer remained in each of the ablated portions so that the ablated portions have a similar appearance to the rest of the opaque layer. Such a structure may aid in hiding various sensors. The ablated portions in <FIG> comprise shallow pits of removed material of the opaque layer. The pits were circular and had a diameter of <NUM>, with a minimum edge-to-edge spacing of <NUM>. In <FIG>, the laser was operated using a power of 2W and an on-time of <NUM> for each ablated portion. The ablation process was repeated <NUM> additional times with a separation of about <NUM> seconds to completely remove the opaque layer in each ablated portion. In <FIG>, the laser power was <NUM> W. The laser was turned on for <NUM>. This was repeated about <NUM> times, with a separation of <NUM> seconds between on-times. Such increased separation between on-times resulted in the ablation threshold being barely reached, such that the opaque layer was not completely removed. These examples demonstrate how laser operating parameters (laser power, pulse duration, number of pulses, pulse separation) may be slightly varied to control the amount of ink removal to change the visibility of any sensors and to change optical transmission performance.

Referring to <FIG>, in embodiments the glass substrate <NUM> has a thickness t that is substantially constant over the width and length of the glass substrate <NUM> and is defined as a distance between the first major surface <NUM> and the second major surface <NUM>. In various embodiments, T may refer to an average thickness or a maximum thickness of the glass substrate <NUM>. In addition, the glass substrate <NUM> includes a width W defined as a first maximum dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> orthogonal to the thickness t, and a length L defined as a second maximum dimension of one of the first or second major surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> orthogonal to both the thickness and the width. In other embodiments, W and L may be the average width and the average length of the glass substrate <NUM>, respectively, and in other embodiments, W and L may be the maximum width and the maximum length of the glass substrate <NUM>, respectively (e.g., for glass substrates <NUM> having a variable width or length).

In various embodiments, thickness t is <NUM> or less. In particular, the thickness t is from <NUM> to <NUM>. For example, thickness t may be in a range from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or from about <NUM> to about <NUM>. In other embodiments, the t falls within any one of the exact numerical ranges set forth in this paragraph.

In various embodiments, width W is in a range from <NUM> to <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or from about <NUM> to about <NUM>. In other embodiments, W falls within any one of the exact numerical ranges set forth in this paragraph.

In various embodiments, length L is in a range from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or from about <NUM> to about <NUM>. In other embodiments, L falls within any one of the exact numerical ranges set forth in this paragraph.

In embodiments, the substrate <NUM>, may be formed from any suitable glass composition comprising soda lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, boroaluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, and alkali-containing boroaluminosilicate glass.

Unless otherwise specified, the glass compositions disclosed herein are described in mole percent (mol%) as analyzed on an oxide basis.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may comprise SiO<NUM> in an amount in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Al<NUM>O<NUM> in an amount greater than about <NUM> mol%, or greater than about <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Al<NUM>O<NUM> in a range from greater than about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from greater than about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the upper limit of Al<NUM>O<NUM> may be about <NUM> mol%, <NUM> mol%, <NUM> mol%, <NUM> mol%, or <NUM> mol%.

In one or more embodiments, glass layer(s) herein are described as an aluminosilicate glass article or comprising an aluminosilicate glass composition. In such embodiments, the glass composition or article formed therefrom comprises SiO<NUM> and Al<NUM>O<NUM> and is not a soda lime silicate glass. In this regard, the glass composition or article formed therefrom comprises Al<NUM>O<NUM> in an amount of about <NUM> mol% or greater, <NUM> mol% or greater, <NUM> mol% or greater, about <NUM> mol% or greater, about <NUM> mol% or greater.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises B<NUM>O<NUM> (e.g., about <NUM> mol% or greater). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises B<NUM>O<NUM> in an amount in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of B<NUM>O<NUM>.

As used herein, the phrase "substantially free" with respect to the components of the composition means that the component is not actively or intentionally added to the composition during initial batching, but may be present as an impurity in an amount less than about <NUM> mol%.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition optionally comprises P<NUM>O<NUM> (e.g., about <NUM> mol% or greater). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises a non-zero amount of P<NUM>O<NUM> up to and comprising <NUM> mol%, <NUM> mol%, <NUM> mol%, or <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of P<NUM>O<NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may comprise a total amount of R<NUM>O (which is the total amount of alkali metal oxide such as Li<NUM>O, Na<NUM>O, K<NUM>O, Rb<NUM>O, and Cs<NUM>O) that is greater than or equal to about <NUM> mol%, greater than or equal to about <NUM> mol%, or greater than or equal to about <NUM> mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises a total amount of R<NUM>O in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of Rb<NUM>O, Cs<NUM>O or both Rb<NUM>O and Cs<NUM>O. In one or more embodiments, the R<NUM>O may comprise the total amount of Li<NUM>O, Na<NUM>O and K<NUM>O only. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may comprise at least one alkali metal oxide selected from Li<NUM>O, Na<NUM>O and K<NUM>O, wherein the alkali metal oxide is present in an amount greater than about <NUM> mol% or greater.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Na<NUM>O in an amount greater than or equal to about <NUM> mol%, greater than or equal to about <NUM> mol%, or greater than or equal to about <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the composition comprises Na<NUM>O in a range from about from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises less than about <NUM> mol% K<NUM>O, less than about <NUM> mol% K<NUM>O, or less than about <NUM> mol% K<NUM>O. In some instances, the glass composition may comprise K<NUM>O in an amount in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of K<NUM>O.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Li<NUM>O.

In one or more embodiments, the amount of Na<NUM>O in the composition may be greater than the amount of Li<NUM>O. In some instances, the amount of Na<NUM>O may be greater than the combined amount of Li<NUM>O and K<NUM>O. In one or more alternative embodiments, the amount of Li<NUM>O in the composition may be greater than the amount of Na<NUM>O or the combined amount of Na<NUM>O and K<NUM>O.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may comprise a total amount of RO (which is the total amount of alkaline earth metal oxide such as CaO, MgO, BaO, ZnO and SrO) in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises a non-zero amount of RO up to about <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises RO in an amount from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises CaO in an amount less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, or less than about <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of CaO. In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises MgO in an amount from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises ZrO<NUM> in an amount equal to or less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises ZrO<NUM> in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises SnO<NUM> in an amount equal to or less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises SnO2 in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may comprise an oxide that imparts a color or tint to the glass articles. In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises an oxide that prevents discoloration of the glass article when the glass article is exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Examples of such oxides comprise, without limitation oxides of: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, W, and Mo.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Fe expressed as Fe<NUM>O<NUM>, wherein Fe is present in an amount up to (and comprising) about <NUM> mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Fe. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Fe<NUM>O<NUM> in an amount equal to or less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Fe<NUM>O<NUM> in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

Where the glass composition comprises TiO<NUM>, TiO<NUM> may be present in an amount of about <NUM> mol% or less, about <NUM> mol% or less, about <NUM> mol% or less or about <NUM> mol% or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of TiO<NUM>.

An exemplary glass composition comprises SiO<NUM> in an amount in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, Al<NUM>O<NUM> in an amount in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, Na<NUM>O in an amount in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, K<NUM>O in an amount in a range of about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and MgO in an amount in a range from about <NUM>. <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%. Optionally, SnO<NUM> may be comprised in the amounts otherwise disclosed herein.

In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate <NUM> discussed herein may be formed from a strengthened glass sheet or article. In one or more embodiments, the glass articles used to form the layer(s) of the decorated glass structures discussed herein may be strengthened to comprise compressive stress that extends from a surface to a depth of compression (DOC). The compressive stress regions are balanced by a central portion exhibiting a tensile stress. At the DOC, the stress crosses from a positive (compressive) stress to a negative (tensile) stress.

In one or more embodiments, the glass articles used to form the layer(s) of the decorated glass structures discussed herein may be strengthened mechanically by utilizing a mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion between portions of the glass to create a compressive stress region and a central region exhibiting a tensile stress. In some embodiments, the glass article may be strengthened thermally by heating the glass to a temperature above the glass transition point and then rapidly quenching.

In one or more embodiments, the glass articles used to form the layer(s) of the decorated glass structures discussed herein may be chemically strengthening by ion exchange. In the ion exchange process, ions at or near the surface of the glass article are replaced by - or exchanged with - larger ions having the same valence or oxidation state. In those embodiments in which the glass article comprises an alkali aluminosilicate glass, ions in the surface layer of the article and the larger ions are monovalent alkali metal cations, such as Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+. Alternatively, monovalent cations in the surface layer may be replaced with monovalent cations other than alkali metal cations, such as Ag+ or the like. In such embodiments, the monovalent ions (or cations) exchanged into the glass article generate a stress.

Ion exchange processes are typically carried out by immersing a glass article in a molten salt bath (or two or more molten salt baths) containing the larger ions to be exchanged with the smaller ions in the glass article. It should be noted that aqueous salt baths may also be utilized. In addition, the composition of the bath(s) may comprise more than one type of larger ion (e.g., Na+ and K+) or a single larger ion. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that parameters for the ion exchange process, comprising, but not limited to, bath composition and temperature, immersion time, the number of immersions of the glass article in a salt bath (or baths), use of multiple salt baths, additional steps such as annealing, washing, and the like, are generally determined by the composition of the glass layer(s) of a decorated glass structure (comprising the structure of the article and any crystalline phases present) and the desired DOC and CS of the glass layer(s) of a decorated glass structure that results from strengthening.

Exemplary molten bath composition may comprise nitrates, sulfates, and chlorides of the larger alkali metal ion. Typical nitrates comprise KNO<NUM>, NaNO<NUM>, LiNO<NUM>, NaSO<NUM> and combinations thereof. The temperature of the molten salt bath typically is in a range from about <NUM> up to about <NUM>, while immersion times range from about <NUM> minutes up to about <NUM> hours depending on the glass thickness, bath temperature and glass (or monovalent ion) diffusivity. However, temperatures and immersion times different from those described above may also be used.

In one or more embodiments, the glass articles used to form the layer(s) of the decorated glass may be immersed in a molten salt bath of <NUM>% NaNO<NUM>, <NUM>% KNO<NUM>, or a combination of NaNO<NUM> and KNO<NUM> having a temperature from about <NUM> to about <NUM>. In some embodiments, the glass layer(s) of a decorated glass may be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath comprising from about <NUM>% to about <NUM>% KNO<NUM> and from about <NUM>% to about <NUM>% NaNO<NUM>. In one or more embodiments, the glass article may be immersed in a second bath, after immersion in a first bath. The first and second baths may have different compositions and/or temperatures from one another. The immersion times in the first and second baths may vary. For example, immersion in the first bath may be longer than the immersion in the second bath.

In one or more embodiments, the glass articles used to form the layer(s) of the decorated glass structures may be immersed in a molten, mixed salt bath comprising NaNO<NUM> and KNO<NUM> (e.g., <NUM>%/<NUM>%, <NUM>%/<NUM>%, <NUM>%/<NUM>%) having a temperature less than about <NUM> (e.g., about <NUM> or about <NUM>). for less than about <NUM> hours, or even about <NUM> hours or less.

Ion exchange conditions can be tailored to provide a "spike" or to increase the slope of the stress profile at or near the surface of the resulting glass layer(s) of a decorated glass structure. The spike may result in a greater surface CS value. This spike can be achieved by single bath or multiple baths, with the bath(s) having a single composition or mixed composition, due to the unique properties of the glass compositions used in the glass layer(s) of a decorated glass structure described herein.

In one or more embodiments, where more than one monovalent ion is exchanged into the glass articles used to form the layer(s) of the decorated glass structures, the different monovalent ions may exchange to different depths within the glass layer (and generate different magnitudes stresses within the glass article at different depths). The resulting relative depths of the stress-generating ions can be determined and cause different characteristics of the stress profile.

CS is measured using those means known in the art, such as by surface stress meter (FSM) using commercially available instruments such as the FSM-<NUM>, manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co. Surface stress measurements rely upon the accurate measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC), which is related to the birefringence of the glass. SOC in turn is measured by those methods that are known in the art, such as fiber and four point bend methods, both of which are described in ASTM standard C770-<NUM> (<NUM>), entitled "Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress-Optical Coefficient," and a bulk cylinder method. As used herein CS may be the "maximum compressive stress" which is the highest compressive stress value measured within the compressive stress layer. In some embodiments, the maximum compressive stress is located at the surface of the glass article. In other embodiments, the maximum compressive stress may occur at a depth below the surface, giving the compressive profile the appearance of a "buried peak.

DOC may be measured by FSM or by a scattered light polariscope (SCALP) (such as the SCALP-<NUM> scattered light polariscope available from Glasstress Ltd. , located in Tallinn Estonia), depending on the strengthening method and conditions. When the glass article is chemically strengthened by an ion exchange treatment, FSM or SCALP may be used depending on which ion is exchanged into the glass article. Where the stress in the glass article is generated by exchanging potassium ions into the glass article, FSM is used to measure DOC. Where the stress is generated by exchanging sodium ions into the glass article, SCALP is used to measure DOC. Where the stress in the glass article is generated by exchanging both potassium and sodium ions into the glass, the DOC is measured by SCALP, since it is believed the exchange depth of sodium indicates the DOC and the exchange depth of potassium ions indicates a change in the magnitude of the compressive stress (but not the change in stress from compressive to tensile); the exchange depth of potassium ions in such glass articles is measured by FSM. Central tension or CT is the maximum tensile stress and is measured by SCALP.

In one or more embodiments, the glass articles used to form the layer(s) of the decorated glass structures maybe strengthened to exhibit a DOC that is described a fraction of the thickness t of the glass article (as described herein). For example, in one or more embodiments, the DOC may be equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 05t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 1t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 11t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 12t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 13t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 14t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 15t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 16t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 17t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 18t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 19t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 2t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. In some embodiments, The DOC may be in a range from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 09t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 18t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 11t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 12t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 13t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 14t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 15t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 24t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 23t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 22t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 21t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 2t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 19t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 18t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 17t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 16t, or from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. In some instances, the DOC may be about <NUM> or less. In one or more embodiments, the DOC may be about <NUM> or greater (e.g., from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or from about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, the glass articles used to form the layer(s) of the decorated glass structures may have a CS (which may be found at the surface or a depth within the glass article) of about <NUM> MPa or greater, <NUM> MPa or greater, <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, or about <NUM> MPa or greater.

In one or more embodiments, the glass articles used to form the layer(s) of the decorated glass structures may have a maximum tensile stress or central tension (CT) of about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, or about <NUM> MPa or greater. In some embodiments, the maximum tensile stress or central tension (CT) may be in a range from about <NUM> MPa to about <NUM> MPa.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that any method set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a method claim does not actually recite an order to be followed by its steps or it is not otherwise specifically stated in the claims or descriptions that the steps are to be limited to a specific order, it is in no way intended that any particular order be inferred. In addition, as used herein, the article "a" is intended to comprise one or more than one component or element, and is not intended to be construed as meaning only one.

Claim 1:
A glass article (<NUM>) comprising:
a glass substrate (<NUM>) having a first major surface (<NUM>) and a second major surface (<NUM>), the second major surface (<NUM>) being opposite the first major surface (<NUM>); and
an opaque layer (<NUM>) disposed on the second major surface (<NUM>), wherein:
the opaque layer (<NUM>) comprises an optical density of greater than <NUM> such that portions of the glass substrate (<NUM>) covered by the opaque layer (<NUM>) comprise an average optical transmission of less than or equal to <NUM>% for light from <NUM> to <NUM>,
within a sensor (<NUM>) region (<NUM>) of the glass article (<NUM>), the opaque layer (<NUM>) comprises a plurality of ablated portions (<NUM>), and
an average optical transmission of the glass article (<NUM>) within the sensor (<NUM>) region (<NUM>) is greater than or equal <NUM>% and less than or equal to <NUM>% for the light from <NUM> to <NUM> as a result of the plurality of ablated portions (<NUM>).