Patent Description:
The disclosure relates to vehicle interior systems including glass and methods for forming the same, and more particularly to vehicle interior systems including a cold-formed or cold-bent cover glass and having improved impact performance, and methods for forming the same.

Vehicle interiors include curved surfaces and can incorporate displays and/or touch panels in such curved surfaces. The materials used to form such curved surfaces are typically limited to polymers, which do not exhibit the durability and optical performance of glass. As such, curved glass substrates are desirable, especially when used as covers for displays and/or touch panel. Existing methods of forming such curved glass substrates, such as thermal forming, have drawbacks including high cost, optical distortion, and surface marking. Document <CIT> discloses a method for fixing a glass trim element into a motor vehicle's interior. The method is characterized in that it comprises a step of fixation of the glass element to a support to provide an assembly that is integrated to motor vehicle's interior body.

In addition, driver and passenger safety is also a concern with existing glass displays when, for example, the glass is impacted with a force sufficient to break the glass, which may generate glass shards that can lacerate human skin. Accordingly, Applicant has identified a need for vehicle interior systems that can incorporate a curved glass substrate in a cost-effective manner and without problems typically associated with glass thermal forming processes, and while also having the mechanical performance to pass industry-standard safety tests and regulations.

A first aspect of this disclosure pertains to a vehicle interior system as set out in the appended set of claims. In one or more embodiments, the vehicle interior system includes a base having a curved surface, and a glass substrate disposed on the base. The glass substrate has a first major surface, a second major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface. The glass substrate has a thickness in a range from <NUM> to <NUM>, and the second major surface includes a first radius of curvature of <NUM> or greater according to one or more embodiments. According to the invention, when an impacter having a <NUM> diameter and a mass of <NUM> impacts the first major surface at an impact velocity of <NUM>/s the deceleration of the impacter is <NUM> (g-force) or less. The deceleration of the impacter is not greater than <NUM> for any <NUM> interval over a time of the impact. A maximum thickness of the glass substrate measured between the first and second major surfaces is less than or equal to <NUM> in one or more embodiments, and is <NUM> to <NUM> in some embodiments. The glass substrate is a chemically-strengthened glass in one or more embodiments, and at least one of an anti-glare coating, an anti-reflection coating, and an easy-to-clean coating disposed on the first major surface of the glass substrate. In one or more embodiments, the vehicle interior system includes a display disposed on the curved surface, and the display includes a display module attached to the second major surface of the glass substrate. The vehicle interior system includes an adhesive bonding the glass substrate to the base. In some embodiments, the glass substrate includes at least one edge region that is strengthened for improved edge impact performance.

Another aspect of this disclosure pertains to methods of making a vehicle interior system. In one or more embodiments, the method includes curving the glass substrate at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate. In other embodiments, the method includes curving the glass substrate at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate. The method of some embodiments further includes curving the substrate with the glass substrate.

Other aspects of this disclosure pertain to a vehicle interior system including a base and a glass substrate and a method of design such a vehicle interior system. According to one or more embodiments, the vehicle interior system is designed such that, in the cold-formed state, the glass substrate has a stored internal tensile energy below a predetermined value for improved frangibility of the glass substrate. Below the predetermined value of the stored internal tensile energy, a display in the vehicle interior system remains readable by a viewer after the glass substrate is fractured.

Another aspect of this disclosure pertains to a vehicle interior system including a base with a curved surface, a mounting mechanism for mounting the base in a vehicle, and a glass substrate with a first major surface, a second major surface, a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, where the second major surface is attached to the base and has a first radius of curvature. The mounting mechanism can include mounting brackets or clamps. According to the invention, when an impacter having a <NUM> diameter and a mass of <NUM> impacts the first major surface at an impact velocity of <NUM>/s, the deceleration of the impacter is <NUM> (g-force) or less. According to the invention, the base and the glass substrate in combination have a first stiffness K1, and the mounting mechanism has a second stiffness K2 that limits intrusion of the vehicle interior system to a maximum desired intrusion level. The vehicle interior system has a system stiffness Ks defined as follows: Ks = (K1 × K2) / (K1 + K2). According to the invention, the system stiffness Ks is in a range where the glass substrate does not fracture from the impact of the impacter.

Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the embodiments as described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary, and are intended to provide an overview or framework to understanding the nature and character of the claims. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiment(s), and together with the description serve to explain principles and operation of the various embodiments.

Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In general, a vehicle interior system may include a variety of different curved surfaces that are designed to be transparent, such as curved display surfaces, and the present disclosure provides articles and methods for forming these curved surfaces from a glass material. Forming curved vehicle surfaces from a glass material may provide a number of advantages compared to the typical curved plastic panels that are conventionally found in vehicle interiors. For example, glass is typically considered to provide enhanced functionality and user experience for many curved cover material applications, such as display applications and touch screen applications, compared to plastic cover materials.

While glass provides these benefits, glass surfaces in vehicle interiors should also meet performance criteria for both passenger safety and ease of use. For example, certain regulations (e.g., ECE R <NUM> & FMVSS201) require vehicle interiors to pass the Headform Impact Test (HIT). The HIT involves subjecting a vehicle interior component, such as a display, to an impact from a mass under certain specific conditions. The mass used is an anthropomorphic headform. The HIT is intended to simulate the impact of the head of a driver or passenger against the vehicle interior component. The criteria for passing the test include the force of the deceleration of the headform not exceeding <NUM> (g-force) for longer than a <NUM> period, and the peak deceleration of the headform being less than <NUM>. As used in the context of the HIT, "deceleration" refers to the deceleration of the headform as it is stopped by the vehicle interior component. Beside these regulatory requirements, there are additional concerns when using glass under these conditions. For example, it may be desirable for the glass to remain intact and not fracture when subjected to the impact from the HIT. In some case, it may be acceptable for the glass to fracture, but the fractured glass should behave in a way to reduce the chance of causing lacerations on a real human head. In the HIT, laceration potential can be simulated by wrapping the headform in a substitute material representing human skin, such as a fabric, leather, or other material. In this way, laceration potential can be estimated based on the tears or holes formed in the substitute material. Thus, in the case where the glass fractures, it may be desirable to decrease the chance of laceration by controlling how the glass fractures.

To our knowledge, no such product is sold in an auto interior application where flat glass is held in place, under a bent state (hereafter called cold bending, cold formed, and/or cold bent). The current situation for glass on the inside of a vehicle has been limited to either flat glass or glass bent to very large bend radii (><NUM>) by using a hot forming process, which has deficiencies. Soda-lime glass, for example, can fracture as a result of the HIT, and thus could cause lacerations. Plastic may not fracture or lacerate, but it scratches easily and degrades the quality of displays. Current curved glass articles are typically formed using these hot forming processes, which have deficiencies For example, hot-forming processes are energy intensive and increase the cost of forming a curved glass component, relative to the cold-bending process discussed herein. In addition, hot-forming processes typically make application of glass coating layers, such as anti-reflective coatings, significantly more difficult. For example, many coating materials cannot be applied to a flat piece of glass material prior to the hot-forming process because the coating material typically will not survive the high temperatures of the hot-forming process. Further, application of a coating material to surfaces of a curved glass substrate after hot-bending is substantially more difficult than application to a flat glass substrate. In addition, Applicant believes that by avoiding the additional high temperature heating steps needed for thermal forming, the glass articles produced via the cold-forming processes and systems discussed herein have improved optical properties and/or improved surface properties than similarly shaped glass articles made via thermal-shaping processes. However, certain aspects of the embodiments discussed herein may be applicable to hot-formed glass, as well.

A first aspect of the instant application pertains to a vehicle interior system. The various embodiments of the vehicle interior system may be incorporated into vehicles such as trains, automobiles (e.g., cars, trucks, buses and the like), seacraft (boats, ships, submarines, and the like), and aircraft (e.g., drones, airplanes, jets, helicopters and the like).

<FIG> illustrates an exemplary vehicle interior <NUM> that includes three different embodiments of a vehicle interior system <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>. Vehicle interior system <NUM> includes a center console base <NUM> with a curved surface <NUM> including a curved display <NUM>. Vehicle interior system <NUM> includes a dashboard base <NUM> with a curved surface <NUM> including a curved display <NUM>. The dashboard base <NUM> typically includes an instrument panel <NUM> which may also include a curved display. Vehicle interior system <NUM> includes a dashboard steering wheel base <NUM> with a curved surface <NUM> and a curved display <NUM>. In one or more embodiments, the vehicle interior system may include a base that is an arm rest, a pillar, a seat back, a floor board, a headrest, a door panel, or any portion of the interior of a vehicle that includes a curved surface.

The embodiments of the curved display described herein can be used interchangeably in each of vehicle interior systems <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>. Further, the curved glass articles discussed herein may be used as curved cover glasses for any of the curved display embodiments discussed herein, including for use in vehicle interior systems <NUM>, <NUM>, and/or <NUM>.

As shown in <FIG>, in one or more embodiments the curved display <NUM> includes an adhesive or adhesive layer <NUM> between the glass substrate <NUM> and the display module <NUM>. The adhesive may be optically clear. In some embodiments, the adhesive is disposed on a portion of the glass substrate <NUM> and/or the display module <NUM>. For example, the glass substrate may include a periphery adjacent the minor surface defining an interior portion, and the adhesive may be disposed on at least a portion of the periphery. The thickness of the adhesive may be tailored to ensure lamination between the display module <NUM> (and more particularly the second glass substrate) and the glass substrate <NUM>. For example, the adhesive may have a thickness of about <NUM> or less. In some embodiments, the adhesive has a thickness in a range from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or from about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, the glass substrate <NUM> includes a first major surface <NUM> and a second major surface <NUM> opposite the first major surface. A minor surface <NUM> connects the first major surface <NUM> and the second major surface <NUM>, where a thickness t of the glass substrate <NUM> is defined as the distance between the first major surface <NUM> and the second major surface <NUM>.

As used herein, the terms "cold-bent," "cold-bending," "cold-formed," or "cold-forming" refers to curving the glass substrate at a cold-form temperature which is less than the softening point of the glass (as described herein). A feature of a cold-formed glass substrate is asymmetric surface compressive between the first major surface <NUM> and the second major surface <NUM>. In one or more embodiments, prior to the cold-forming process or being cold-formed, the respective compressive stresses in the first major surface <NUM> and the second major surface <NUM> of the glass substrate are substantially equal. In one or more embodiments in which the glass substrate is unstrengthened, the first major surface <NUM> and the second major surface <NUM> exhibit no appreciable compressive stress, prior to cold-forming. In one or more embodiments in which the glass substrate is strengthened (as described herein), the first major surface <NUM> and the second major surface <NUM> exhibit substantially equal compressive stress with respect to one another, prior to cold-forming. In one or more embodiments, after cold-forming, the compressive stress on the surface having a concave shape after bending increases. In other words, the compressive stress on the concave surface is greater after cold-forming than before cold-forming. Without being bound by theory, the cold-forming process increases the compressive stress of the glass substrate being shaped to compensate for tensile stresses imparted during bending and/or forming operations. In one or more embodiments, the cold-forming process causes the concave surface to experience compressive stresses, while the surface forming a convex shape after cold-forming experiences tensile stresses. The tensile stress experienced by the convex surface following cold-forming results in a net decrease in surface compressive stress, such that the compressive stress in convex surface of a strengthened glass sheet following cold-forming is less than the compressive stress on the same surface when the glass sheet is flat.

When a strengthened glass substrate is utilized, the first major surface and the second major surface (<NUM>, <NUM>) are already under compressive stress, and thus the first major surface can experience greater tensile stress during bending without risking fracture. This allows for the strengthened glass substrate to conform to more tightly curved surfaces.

As shown in <FIG>, a glass substrate <NUM> can include one or more regions <NUM> intended to show a display. In addition, a glass substrate according to some embodiments can be curved in multiple regions of the glass substrate and in multiple directions (i.e., the glass substrate can be curved about different axes that may or may not be parallel). Accordingly, shapes and forms the possible embodiments are not limited to the examples shown herein. This an example of curved cover glass substrate that can be used with multiple embodiments discussed herein. The glass substrate <NUM> of these embodiments can have a complex, flexible surface, and may include one or more flat, conical, cylindrical surfaces, and may have functional coatings (like anti-glare, and/or anti-reflective, and easy-to-clean) on the user-interfacing surface. The glass substrate can also have coatings for decoration (like black ink, color ink having one color and/or multiple colors, which can be used to form patterns and images).

<FIG> shows a cross-section view of a laminate structure <NUM> of a vehicle interior system according to one or more embodiments. The laminate structure includes a glass substrate <NUM>, an additional substrate or support surface <NUM>, and an adhesive disposed between the glass substrate <NUM> and the support surface <NUM>. Although the laminate <NUM> is shown in a flat configuration in <FIG>, it should be understood that regions of the laminate <NUM> can be curved. In such cases, a radius of curvature of the glass substrate <NUM> can correspond to a radius of curvature of the support surface <NUM>. In some case, the radius of curvature of the glass substrate <NUM> is within about <NUM>% or less of the radius of curvature of the support surface.

Referring to <FIG>, examples of the equipment and configuration of a headform impact test (HIT) is shown. This equipment was used for testing examples of embodiments discussed herein. As shown in <FIG>, the headform <NUM> can be used to test a flat surface <NUM>, a concave surface <NUM>, or a convex surface <NUM>. <FIG> shows an enlarged view of the HIT equipment and setup. In <FIG>, the headform is wrapped in a fabric material <NUM> used to test for the potential of the glass substrate to cause lacerations in human skin.

One vulnerability of glass substrates used in the HIT is the edge impact performance. Edge impact performance refers to the ability of a vehicle interior component to pass the HIT when the edge of a cover glass is hit by the headform. The edge of a typical cover glass has inherently lower strength compared to the surface, due at least in part to flaws that are created during cutting and grinding processes that form the edge. Thus, existing edge processing methods for glass materials in vehicle interiors are not able to provide sufficient edge strength. To mitigate this safety concern due to edge performance, edges are usually protected or hidden. However, this restricts the introduction of stylish designs, like bezel-less cover glass displays (or with minimal bezel). Despite these challenges for glass edge performance, regulations and vehicle manufactures require safe performance. As discussed elsewhere in this disclosure, relevant safety regulations include Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) <NUM> issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the United States Department of Transportation, and ECE-R21 of the United Nations. The FMVSS201 and ECE R21 regulations describe the requirements for automotive interiors components during a crash event. Per these regulations: "[a] point within the head impact area is impacted by a <NUM>-pound, <NUM>-inch diameter head form at a velocity of <NUM> miles per hour. The deceleration of the head form shall not exceed <NUM> continuously for more than <NUM> milliseconds (ms).

Other than safety regulations adopted by regulatory bodies, designers and manufacturers of vehicles and vehicle components may have additional design specifications or tests. These tests may include a ball drop test on a glass edge to simulate a local impact, for example. Also, relevant design specifications may include a desire from automotive companies that cover lens do not break during the impact event, but that, in the case of breaking (i.e., catastrophic failure), there are no large pieces generated that may injure the vehicle occupant.

The importance of improved HIT and edge impact performance has grown and will continue to grow with consumer demand for more and larger in-vehicle displays and glass surfaces. This demand may grow even larger with the advent of autonomous vehicles, as passengers will look for interactive surface and connectivity to the outside world during transport. In addition, there has already been a trend in displays to have thinner bezels or no bezels at all, leading to exposed glass edges. Nonetheless, existing solutions to these challenges have been insufficient. For example, retention films applied to a cover glass (e.g., anti-splinter film) are used to keep particles of glass together during fracture. However, such films have reduced effectiveness during edge impact testing. Part of the reason for this is that no retention film is provided across the thickness of the glass edge. Thus, there remains a need for systems, methods, and materials for improved edge impact performance. Accordingly, in one or more embodiments discussed herein, methods of producing a vehicle interior system with improved edge impact performance are discussed. The systems and methods discussed herein relate to curved or flat cover glass interiors, and/or a curved or flat display assemblies used for vehicle interior applications.

In the case of curved glass substrates, the glass may preferably be cold bent around one axis (cylindrical bend) or multiple axes, and held into shape by adhering or bonding to a substrate, and its edge is processed as discussed herein for improved strength. This curved cover glass item with improved edge strength can also be a hot formed glass, with the edge processed similarly for improved strength.

An example of an embodiment of these methods is shown in <FIG>. According to this method, a glass sheet is provided (S1) and cut to the desired size (S2). This is followed by grinding the edge with a grinding tool. The type of grinding can be chosen from among different options shown in steps S3a-S3c. In step S3a, a grinding tool with #<NUM> grit is used. If step S3a is chosen, the process next proceeds to step S5, which is an ion exchange process for the glass sheet. Finally, an edge coating can be applied in step S6. If step S3b is chosen, a grinding tool with grit #<NUM> to grind the edge, and then the glass sheet is subjected to an additional grinding of the edge using grit #<NUM> or #<NUM>. After the additional grinding step, the process proceeds to steps S5 and S6. If step S3c is chosen, a grinding tool with grit #<NUM> is used to grind the edge, and then the glass sheet is subjected to an additional grinding of the edge using grit #<NUM> or #<NUM>. After the additional grinding step, the process proceeds to steps S5 and S6 as before.

<FIG> shown additional embodiments of methods of enhancing the edge performance. In <FIG>, steps S11-S13 correspond to steps S1-S3 in <FIG>. Then, an additional grinding step is performed using grit #<NUM> or finer (e.g., #<NUM> or #<NUM>). Following step S14, the glass sheet is subjected to a wet acid etching (S15) followed by an ion exchange process (S16). Similarly, in <FIG>, steps S21-S23 correspond to steps S1-S3 in <FIG> and step S24 corresponds to step S14 in <FIG>. Next, a plasma etching step S25 is performed. Finally, an ion exchange step S26 is performed. The methods in <FIG> can also be supplemented with a polymer edge coating as shown by steps S37 and S47 in <FIG>. The other steps of <FIG> correspond to those of <FIG>, respectively. In one or more embodiments, these methods of enhancing the edge impact performance can include using stiff adhesive in the cover glass/display assembly. Such an adhesive may have a Young's modulus of greater than or equal to <NUM> MPa, or greater than or equal to <NUM> MPa after curing, for example. The wet acid etching discussed above can be performed with HF or HF plus H<NUM>S0<NUM>, for example.

Vehicle interior systems formed using the above methods to improve edge impact performance experience lower impact force during the HIT. Therefore, the resulting stress in the system is reduced. The use of a stiffer adhesive, for example, results in lower bending stress of the glass or vehicle interior system during mechanical contact with the headform of the HIT.

In some embodiments, a system including a cover glass adhered to an underlying substrate with a high-modulus adhesive enabling passage of the HIT and meeting of other vehicular safety requirements for vehicle interiors (e.g., the above-discussed glass breakage safety requirements by manufacturers and other regulations). As used herein, "high modulus" refers to a high Young's modulus, or a Young's modulus that is higher than conventional used in the application of glass in vehicle interiors. As discussed above, such an adhesive may have a Young's modulus of greater than or equal to <NUM> MPa, or greater than or equal to <NUM> MPa after curing, for example. The meaning of "high modulus" is further defined by way of the examples and embodiments discussed below. Such a system with a high-modulus adhesive is useful and effective where impacts on the glass edge are a concern, such as when the edge of the cover glass is not protected by a bezel or some other means. The use of a high modulus adhesive between a cover glass and substrate results in much improved edge impact performance as compared to conventional systems. For example, using a high-modulus adhesive as described herein can prevent fracture of the glass during a HIT where the impact is on the edge of the glass at a <NUM>-degree angle while meeting the regulatory criteria of <NUM>-ms deceleration being less than <NUM>. It is believed that the unexpected good results are achieved by the high-modulus adhesive restricting the growth and propagation of flaws in the glass.

<FIG> is a side-view schematic of a head-form impact test (HIT) performed at a <NUM>-degree angle on a conventional glass-adhesive-substrate with conventional adhesive. Specifically, the glass <NUM> is bonded by an adhesive <NUM> to a substrate <NUM>, such as an aluminum plate. The substrate is mounted on a bracket <NUM>. A headform <NUM> is impacted on an edge of the glass <NUM> at a point of impact <NUM>. The impact is performed such that the direction D of the headform <NUM> at impact is at <NUM> degrees relative to the outward-facing major surface of the glass. <FIG> shows the system at the time of or just after impact by the headform <NUM>. As shown, the glass <NUM> buckles (<NUM>) under the impact, which leads to failure on the edge or either major surface of the glass <NUM>. The angle θ of the bracket arm prior to impact from the headform <NUM> is <NUM> degrees. The low modulus adhesive material can be, for example, VHB tape. In contrast to the low-modulus VHB tape, embodiments of this disclosure use a high-modulus adhesive or high-modulus epoxy. <FIG> is a photograph from an experimental setup corresponding to the schematic in <FIG>. The size of the glass surface in <FIG> is <NUM> inches by <NUM> inches, while the size of the aluminum plate is <NUM> inches by <NUM> inches.

In contrast, <FIG> shows an embodiment of the present disclosure using a high-modulus adhesive. The conventional adhesive <NUM> of <FIG> has a relatively low modulus compared to the adhesive <NUM>. In <FIG>, the glass <NUM>, high-modulus adhesive <NUM>, and substrate <NUM> (e.g., aluminum plate), which are mounted on brackets <NUM>, are impacted point <NUM> by the headform <NUM> traveling in the direction D, which is <NUM> degrees with respect to the major surface of glass <NUM>. However, the glass <NUM> does not buckle at it did in <FIG>, and the HIT is passed without glass breakage.

In one example of the above described embodiment using a high-modulus adhesive, a module system was developed with a cover glass having a thickness of <NUM>. The cover glass used was a strengthened, alkali-aluminosilicate glass (e.g., Gorilla® glass from Corning Incorporated). The module also included an aluminum plate (Al <NUM>) with a thickness of <NUM> inches. The housing assembly contained mounting brackets made with low carbon steel (<NUM> inches thickness). The size of the glass surface was <NUM> inches by <NUM> inches, while the size of the aluminum plate is <NUM> inches by <NUM> inches. The stiffness of module and housing assembly was chosen in such a way so that the <NUM>-ms deceleration during the HIT is less than <NUM>. The cover glass was laminated on the aluminum plate using a high-modulus adhesive with a modulus of <NUM> GPa (e.g., Masterbond EP21TDCHT-LO Epoxy). The edge of the cover glass was aligned to be flush against the edge of the aluminum plate. This enables the head form impact test to be performed on the edge of glass at an angle of <NUM> degrees. Testing was performed in such a way so as the head impact the edge of the glass during the test. Results indicate that the <NUM>-ms deceleration, max deceleration, and intrusion was <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>, respectively. Furthermore, the cover glass did not break during the test. Without wishing to be bound with theory, it is believed that the high modulus structural adhesive severely restricts the growth or propagation of flaws, resulting in unexpectedly good edge impact performance. Additionally, the adhesive helps to minimize buckling of glass thereby avoiding failure on the glass edge and on either major surface of the glass.

Table <NUM> summarizes the construction and experimental results for Examples <NUM>-<NUM>, with a setup corresponding to the above in <FIG>. Test standards were in accordance with FMVSS201 and ECE-R21. Per these regulations: "A point within the head impact area is impacted by a <NUM>-pound, <NUM>-inch diameter head form at a velocity of <NUM> miles per hour. The deceleration of the head form shall not exceed <NUM> continuously for more than <NUM> milliseconds (ms).

In Table <NUM>, Example <NUM> (comparative) used Gorilla® glass with standard edge finish (#<NUM> grit), and <NUM> VHB <NUM> (<NUM> thickness) structural adhesive to laminate cover glass to the <NUM>" Al-plate. The <NUM>-ms deceleration, peak deceleration, and intrusion were <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>, respectively. The cover glass fractured during the test.

In Example <NUM> (comparative), Gorilla® glass with finer edge finish (#<NUM> grit) was used with <NUM> VHB <NUM> (<NUM> thickness) structural adhesive was utilized to laminate cover glass to the <NUM>" Al-plate. The <NUM>-ms deceleration, peak deceleration, and intrusion were <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>, respectively. The cover glass fractured during the test.

In Example <NUM> (comparative), Gorilla® glass with finer edge finish (#<NUM> grit) was used with <NUM> VHB <NUM> (<NUM> thickness) structural adhesive was utilized to laminate cover glass to the <NUM>" Al-plate. The <NUM>-ms deceleration, peak deceleration, and intrusion were <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>, respectively. The cover glass fractured during the test. This example could be compared to Example <NUM> and <NUM>, and shows that thickness of adhesive, or edge finish are not significant factors towards improving <NUM> degreed HIT performance.

Example <NUM>, in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure, uses Gorilla® glass with standard edge finish (#<NUM> grit). Masterbond EP21TDCHT-LO Epoxy (<NUM> GPa) with <NUM> thickness was used as a structural adhesive to laminate cover glass to <NUM>" Al-plate. The <NUM>-ms deceleration, peak deceleration, and intrusion were <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>, respectively. The cover glass did not fracture during the test. The example shows the improved performance with high modulus epoxy adhesive.

Example <NUM>, in accordance with another embodiment of this disclosure, uses Gorilla® glass with standard edge finish (#<NUM> grit). Masterbond EP21TDCHT-LO Epoxy (<NUM> GPa) with <NUM> thickness was used as a structural adhesive to laminate cover glass to <NUM>" Al-plate. The <NUM>-ms deceleration, peak deceleration, and intrusion were <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>, respectively. The cover glass did not fracture during the test. The example showcases the performance improvement with high modulus epoxy adhesive.

Example <NUM> (inventive): This example utilized Gorilla® glass with standard edge finish (#<NUM> grit). <NUM> VHB <NUM> (<NUM> thickness) with a width of <NUM> was applied on the edge of the glass. The remaining portion utilized Masterbond EP21TDCHT-LO Epoxy (<NUM> GPa) with <NUM> thickness. The glass with dual adhesive was then laminated onto <NUM>" Al-plate. The <NUM>-ms deceleration, peak deceleration, and intrusion was <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>, respectively. The cover glass did not fracture during the test. The example showcases the performance improvement with high modulus epoxy adhesive, and at the same time suggests that edge of glass is perhaps less of a factor for performance improvement than the epoxy. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the use of high modulus epoxy avoids buckling of glass and thereby avoiding fracture on the edge or major surfaces of the glass.

<FIG> shows an experimental setup for a ball drop test on (a) a flat assembly and (b) an assembly arranged at a <NUM>-degree angle relative to the ball drop direction. Specifically, in <FIG>, the assembly <NUM> consists of a glass-adhesive-substrate construction such as that shown in <FIG>. Even after the ball <NUM> is dropped from the point <NUM>, the glass of assembly <NUM> does not fail. However, when the ball hits an edge of the glass at a <NUM>-degree angle, as shown in <FIG>, the glass does fail, illustrating the challenges for edge impact. <FIG> shows the experimental results of ball drop testing performed on the center and edge of glass (i.e., in the edge testing, the major surface of the glass was <NUM> degrees relative to the drop direction of the ball) with different edge finish and structural adhesive. Example <NUM> represents a baseline case for surface impact. Example <NUM> represents a baseline case for edge impact at <NUM> degrees with standard edge finish (<NUM> grit) and VHB structural tape between glass and base substrate. Example <NUM> and <NUM> are similar conditions to that of <NUM>, but with a different edge finish. Example11 is similar to <NUM> with the difference being that a high modulus epoxy adhesive is utilized instead of VHB tape.

<FIG> shows a glass substrate that can be used in accordance with one or more embodiments discussed herein. The glass substrate <NUM> has a low-friction coating <NUM> on a passenger- or user-facing surface. In one embodiment, the glass substrate <NUM> shown in <FIG> can be, for example, a strengthened glass with a thickness less than <NUM>, a compressive stress of greater than <NUM> MPa, and a depth of compression of about <NUM>. The glass substrate <NUM> can have one or more coatings <NUM> (such as anti-reflection, anti-glare, and easy-to-clean coatings, for example) designed to have lower coefficients of friction than an uncoated glass substrate. The low-friction coating <NUM> can reduce trauma experience by a passenger from impact with the glass substrate <NUM>. This is accomplished by reducing the deceleration forces caused by friction on the surface of the glass substrate.

In addition, because it may be possible for the glass substrate <NUM> to fracture, embodiments include features to reduce the chance of lacerating human skin. This reduced laceration potential can be accomplished, for example, by engineering the residual stress profile of the glass substrate <NUM> to ensure that, if the glass substrate <NUM> fractures due to high flexural stresses, the glass breaks into small or fine particles that are less prone to cause lacerations. An example of this can be seen the comparison shown in <FIG> of the fracture patterns of an annealed glass <NUM> and a chemically strengthened glass <NUM>. The finer breakage pattern of the chemically strengthened glass results in finer glass particles, which are less likely to lacerate. <FIG> shows the coverings <NUM>, <NUM> used to cover the headform in the HIT used for the annealed glass <NUM> and the chemically strengthened glass <NUM>, respectively. In this example, the coverings <NUM> and <NUM> are chamois. With the aid of a backlight behind the coverings <NUM>, <NUM>, the covering <NUM> used on the annealed glass has more and/or larger tears and holes as compared to the covering <NUM> used on the chemically strengthened glass. Therefore, the chemically strengthened glass <NUM> is less likely to lacerate a passenger in the event of breakage.

Generally referring to <FIG>, examples of various vehicle interior systems according to embodiments discussed herein are shown in cross-section. These systems include a mechanical frame or fixture <NUM> permanently attached to the vehicle. A mounting bracket <NUM> is used to attach user-facing vehicle interior component, such as a decorative dash component or display, to the mechanical frame or fixture <NUM> of the vehicle. In these examples, the mounting bracket <NUM> is attached to a back side of a display housing <NUM> and/or a display stack <NUM>. The display stack <NUM> can include an electronic board, backlight unit, light guide plate, defuser films, etc. On a front side of the display stack <NUM>, there can be, for example, a liquid optically clear raison (LOCR) or optically clear adhesive (OCA) film <NUM>, a touch panel <NUM>, an additional LOCR or OCA film <NUM>, a coating <NUM> that can be an anti-splinter coating (particularly for an air-gap design) or ink used for a deadfront effect or other decoration, a cover glass <NUM>, which may include an anti-glare coating, an anti-reflective (AR) coating <NUM>, and other possible coatings <NUM>, <FIG> also illustrate various shapes for the vehicle interior system, such as a flat assembly (<FIG>), a concave assembly (<FIG>), a convex assembly (<FIG>), and S-bend assemblies (<FIG> and <FIG>).

As discussed above, embodiments can include a coating <NUM>, which can be an anti-splinter coating. However, in some embodiments where the glass substrate is strengthened (e.g., chemically strengthened as described herein), an anti-splinter film is not attached to the glass substrate. It has been discovered that, even without an anti-splinter film, embodiments using a chemically strengthened glass substrate can exhibit the impact resistance and improved frangibility characteristics described herein. Accordingly, in one or more embodiments, the cover glass <NUM> may be substantially free of an anti-splinter coating or other coating that is intended to prevent splintering of glass after impact or after breaking.

In addition to improving safety of vehicle interior systems, aspects of one or more embodiments can also result in improved readability of a display even after a cover glass on the display breaks. This can be beneficial by allowing a driver or passenger to continue to use the display after accidental breakage of the cover glass, or in the event that access to the display is needed in an emergency after a traumatic vehicle accident. In one or more of these embodiments, the cover glass for the vehicle interior system uses a glass substrate that is cold formed into the vehicle interior system such that the cold bending is confined to cylindrical bends, including S-shaped bends, with bend radii confined to <NUM> or greater in a convex or concave curved surface of the glass substrate. According to one or more embodiments, tighter bends (i.e., bend radii targets of less than <NUM>) can be achieved by tuning the compressive stress (CS) and depth of layer (DOL) resulting from chemical strengthening within frangibility, central tension (CT), and/or stored tensile energy limits. The resulting vehicle interior systems can exhibit enhanced post-breakage safety and readability.

In particular, the breakage pattern of a vehicle interior system can be controlled by confining the bending limits of a standard chemically strengthened flat glass substrate within a frangibility, CT, or stored tensile energy limit. In addition, the breakage pattern of a vehicle interior system can be controlled by confining the bending limits of a CS/DOL-tuned, chemically strengthened flat glass substrate within a frangibility, CT, or stored tensile energy limit. <FIG> shows changes in ion-exchange profile stress through the thickness of a glass substrate, where the changes in ion-exchange profile stress is due to glass curvature. The left side of <FIG> is a convex surface and the glass substrate, and the right side is a concave surface. The glass substrate used for <FIG> is <NUM> mmm thick with a CS of <NUM> MPa and a DOL of <NUM>, and, as shown in <FIG>, is bent to a radius of curvature of <NUM>. The original profile stress starts relatively lower on the convex side and then increases to the resultant profile stress, while the original profile stress on the concave side is higher than the resultant profile stress. The lower dotted line at <NUM> MPa shows where the profile stress switches from compression to tension, and the upper dotted line marks the maximum tension level.

<FIG> show examples of the results of fracture. For example, <FIG> shows an experiment to measure the fragments reflected back from the glass substrate according to various bend radii. As can be seen in the table, the number of fragments increases as the radius decreases, and there is some indication that the diameter of the fragments also increases with decreased bending radius. <FIG> show the impact on visibility for glass substrates of various radii as seen from a left (driver-side) viewing angle, center viewing angle, and right (passenger-side) viewing angle. As can be seen, flatter curves (i.e., larger radii) generally have improved visibility after failure.

Likewise, the more complex fracture patterns resulting from smaller radii, as illustrated in <FIG>, can make a touch display more difficult to use. This effect and the risk of laceration was measured in an experiment, the results of which are shown in <FIG>. <FIG> shows fracture patterns for glass substrates that are <NUM> thick with a CS of <NUM> MPa, and a DOL of <NUM>. The glass substrates underwent cold bending (with the exception of one substrate) resulting in curve radii of <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>. The curve radius of the flat substrate is not shown. After being fractured in the HIT, towels were rubbed against the fractured surface to assess laceration risk. The towels used on the substrates having smaller curve radii showed more damage, as shown in <FIG>. Similarly, <FIG> shows the results of a similar experiment, but with glass substrates that are <NUM> thick with a CS of <NUM> MPa and a DOL of <NUM>. The glass substrates were cold formed to the same curvature radii as in <FIG>. Again, towels used on the smaller radii glass showed more wear and/or tearing, as shown in <FIG>. Finally, the same experiment was repeated with glass substrates that were <NUM> thick having a CS of <NUM> MPa and a DOL of <NUM>. The results of this experiment as shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, which again show more complex breakage patterns and more tearing of the towels for smaller radii.

However, for a given stored internal tensile energy target, the CS and DOL can be tailored to safely achieve smaller bend radii. For example, if the stored internal tensile energies are <NUM> J/m<NUM> for glass thickness of <NUM>, <NUM> J/m<NUM> for glass thickness of <NUM>, and <NUM> J/m<NUM> for glass thickness of <NUM>, those energies can be used to tune the CS and DOL for each glass thickness to achieve a desired bend radius. Examples of the results of such a calculation are shown in <FIG>. As another example, for a given squared stress integral target, the CS and DOL can be tailored to safely achieve smaller bend radii. For example, if the squared stress integrals are <NUM> MPa^<NUM>-m for glass thickness of <NUM>, <NUM> MPa^<NUM>-m for glass thickness of <NUM>, and <NUM> MPa^<NUM>-m for glass thickness of <NUM>, those values can be used to tune the CS and DOL for each glass thickness to achieve a desired bend radius. Examples of the results of such a calculation are shown in <FIG>. The calculations used for the tables shown in <FIG> are shown in <FIG>. In particular, the following are used for the squared stress integral (<NUM>) and the approximate stored tensile energy (<NUM>): <MAT> <MAT>.

In one or more embodiments, for glass that is <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> thick, the above-discussed limits of maximum energy (i.e., <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> J/m<NUM>, respectively) and squared stress integral (i.e., <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> MPa^<NUM>-m, respectively) are appropriate for vehicle interior systems. However, these are used for example only, and it is contemplated that other limits can be used to determine suitable radii for different CS and DOL values of various glass substrates. The main driver of the limits discussed above is safety for the vehicle occupants. Glass substrates were investigated for fracture particle ejection, post-fracture readability, and post-fracture laceration risk. The limits are suggested to prevent risk to the safety of the vehicle occupants after evaluation of these three criteria. It is noted that the driver of this risk is the amount of stored energy within the glass, which is a function of thickness, CS, DOL, and bend radius. Thus, if a stored energy limit (Energy or Kf^<NUM>) can be quantified, as has been shown here, it can be used to alter CS & DOL of various thickness glass to achieve tighter bend radii and still be within the safety limits of particle ejection, readability, and laceration risk.

The design of safe vehicle interior systems can also be approached from the standpoint of considering the system as a whole, which can include the glass, stack, or laminate structure and, in some case, display, but also how those components are attached to the vehicle. All of these factors together can determine how the system as a whole performs in the HIT or in an actual vehicular crash. As discussed above, in the headform impact test for automotive interiors, a point within the head impact area on the product is impacted by a <NUM>, <NUM> diameter head form at a velocity of <NUM>/s. Per the regulation (FMVSS201), the maximum deceleration of the head form shall not exceed <NUM> for a period <NUM> of higher. In addition to these requirements, there is often a desire that the cover glass not break during the impact event. A factor in the results of the test is stiffness of the system, which includes stiffnesses for individual components and the system as a whole. Accordingly, one or more embodiments are directed to determining the individual stiffness of a glass-fronted vehicle interior system or display, and of the mounting hardware, such as a mounting bracket, that attaches system to the vehicle. Such methods can be used to generate design guidelines for the overall module design, which can reduce design iterations and wasting resources on performance testing.

According to one or more embodiments of this method of designing the module, a design windows is provided for the glass-fronted module or display and the mounting hardware, brackets, or clamps. When designed according to this analysis method, the resulting product will pass the HIT. In addition, a resulting product can pass the HIT without the cover glass breaking. <FIG> shows a schematic of a headform from the HIT as it is about to impact the system. In this example, the system includes a cover glass and display (or other substrate) with a stiffness K1, and a mounting mechanism (such as clamps or springs) with a stiffness K2. The combination of K1 and K2 results in a stiffness for the system, Ks. <FIG> is an example of a diagram that illustrates an optimal area for the stiffness of the system Ks and the individual stiffnesses K1 and K2. In this example, the "<NUM>" denotes a lower bound by a maximum amount of intrusion that can be accommodated. Intrusion refers to the amount that the system can move backwards or in the direction of the mounting hardware. In this example, the maximum intrusion is considered to be <NUM> inches, but it could be more or less depending on the vehicle design. The "<NUM>" denotes an upper limit for Ks that is limited by the risk of the glass breaking. The "<NUM>" denotes a maximum acceleration (or deceleration) as required by the HIT standard. The shaded region denotes an appropriate range of stiffnesses for the design. While real vehicle interior systems can be complex and include many components, this is a simplified analytical model where the display or substrate and the cover glass are considered as one component (module) with stiffness K1, and the supporting structure (mounting brackets, clamps) have stiffness K2. The system stiffness is then defined as Ks = (K1 × K2) / (K1+K2). According to some embodiments, the principal behind this method can be extended to accommodate more complex arrangements in the vehicle interior systems.

As an example of the above-described method, consider <FIG>, which shows deceleration and intrusion (deflection) as a function of time in milli-seconds. In this example, the <NUM>-ms deceleration, maximum deceleration, and intrusion were <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>, respectively. The system stiffness Ks is then calculated from the experimental data. Based on the maximum intrusion value, Ks is required to be greater than a particular number: <NUM> kN/m, in this example. The correlation between module stiffness (K1) and mounting brackets stiffness (K2) for system stiffness (Ks) to meet this requirement is shown in <FIG> (Line <NUM>). Any combination of K1 and K2 above the line in <FIG> provides system intrusion value of less than <NUM>.

Now consider the additional limitation of no breakage of the cover glass in the module. In general, when stored strain energy of one component is higher than its critical energy, then the component will break. The stored strain energy, E, of cover glass is calculated by: <MAT>.

This correlation is represented by the red line in <FIG> (Line <NUM>). When K1 and K2 have values above the red line, there will be no cover glass breakage.

A third limitation is that the maximum deceleration no bigger than <NUM>. Therefore, <MAT> Deceleration max < <NUM>; <MAT> <MAT>.

In order to meet the third limitation, K1 and K2 correlation is drawn in <FIG> for panel mass = <NUM> or panel mass = <NUM>. In general, panel mass is between <NUM> and <NUM>, so it is expected K1 and K2 correlation stays below the dashed line (Line <NUM>) in <FIG> to meet the third limitation.

Combining all three limitations, the shaded (via slanted lines) area in <FIG> highlights the acceptable range of module stiffness (K1) and mounting brackets stiffness (K2). A similar approach could be utilized for other product designs. In general, such a method could prove very useful in the initial product design interations.

<FIG> is a flowchart showing the above method to design a module assembly to meet the HIT requirements. The steps include testing a mounting bracket by limiting the module deflection to find K2. K2 can then be input into graph showing the target region in <FIG>. The next step is to calculate module stiffness K1 from <FIG>. The module stiffness K1 can be tested by limiting the mounting bracket deflection. In this case, the mounting bracket stiffness can be adjusted in the target region of <FIG>. A confirmation test can also be run to confirm the results achieved by this method.

Another aspect of one or more embodiments presented herein is a vehicle interior system designed to pass the HIT. Such a vehicle interior system can be used for dashboards, instrument panels, cockpits, central instrument cluster, heads up display (HUD), rear seat entertainment systems (RSE's) and other related surfaces in automotive or vehicle interiors. The system includes 3D cold formed glass and a housing assembly. In one or more embodiments, the cover glass can be an alkali-aluminosilicate glass composition that has been chemically ion-exchanged to achieve a compressive stress greater than <NUM> MPa and depth of layer greater than <NUM>. The cover glass is cold bent to a radius of about <NUM> and integrated into the housing assembly to form a cold form module that passes all the required safety tests for automotive interiors.

The following is an example for illustrative purposes. <FIG> show a setup of samples of such a module in the HIT for flat, convex and concave cases. The test was performed on the samples to assess the safety of Corning Gorilla® glass in automotive interiors. The glass samples' size was <NUM> inches × <NUM> inches × <NUM> inches (<NUM>). The glass samples were attached to a plate (Acetal Delrin or Aluminum <NUM>) using VHB structural tape (<NUM> VHB <NUM>). The plate represented a surrogate display module, and stiffness of the plate was varied by changing its thickness. The stiffness of the plates for each case is provided in Table <NUM>. The base plate with the glass was attached to the energy absorbing mounting brackets (C-clamps) (material SS304). The mounting brackets are attached to each of the shorter side of the plate as shown in <FIG>. Again, the stiffness of the mounting brackets were varied by changing its thickness and are provided in Table <NUM>. The C-clamps with plate and laminated cover glass represents a module assembly in a vehicle interior. The surrogate assembly (C-clamps, plate, and laminated glass) was then mounted on the HIT equipment such that the angle of impact is normal to the glass surface (<NUM> degrees). For each experiment, real-time deceleration data and high speed video were recorded. The <NUM>-ms deceleration, peak deceleration, and intrusion were reported. Intrusion (or deflection) was calculated by integrating twice the deceleration-time data (first integral provides velocity - time, and second integral provides intrusion - time).

Examples <NUM>-<NUM>: Headform impact test was performed using a range of stiffness for the Delrin plate (display module) and mounting brackets. The stiffness of the display module was varied in range of <NUM> kN/m to <NUM> kN/m. The mounting bracket stiffness was varied in range of <NUM> kN/m to <NUM> kN/m. The data (<NUM>-ms deceleration, peak deceleration and intrusion) for several combinations in this range is presented in Table <NUM>. For the stiffest mounting brackets (<NUM>" C-clamps, <NUM> kN/m), the <NUM>-ms deceleration was higher than <NUM>. The peak deceleration meets the specification of less than <NUM>. The intrusion was between <NUM> and <NUM>. Consequently, these configurations were outside the operating window in the headform impact test. The Gorilla® glass (<NUM>) did not break for any of the experiments.

For the medium stiffness mounting brackets (<NUM>" C-clamps, <NUM> kN/m), the <NUM>-ms deceleration was in range of <NUM> to <NUM> and lower than <NUM> specification. The peak deceleration for each of the cases were less than <NUM> specification. Additionally, the intrusion was between <NUM> to <NUM>. Consequently, these configurations were inside the operating window for headform impact test. The Gorilla® glass did not break for any of the experiments.

For the low stiffness mounting brackets (<NUM>" C-clamps, <NUM> kN/m), the <NUM>-ms deceleration was in range of <NUM> to <NUM> and lower than <NUM> specification. The peak deceleration for each of the cases was less than <NUM> specification. Additionally, the intrusion was between <NUM> to <NUM>. Although, these configurations were within the operating window for headform impact test, the intrusion values were high. The Gorilla® glass did not break for any of the experiments.

Examples <NUM>-<NUM> also show that the mounting bracket stiffness affects the <NUM>-ms deceleration and plate (display module) stiffness affects the peak deceleration.

Examples <NUM>-<NUM>: These examples utilize Aluminum <NUM> plate as a surrogate for display module instead of Delrin plate. A <NUM>" thick Aluminum plate had a stiffness of <NUM> kN/m, which was similar to <NUM>" Delrin plate (stiffness <NUM> kN/m). The mounting bracket stiffness was fixed at <NUM> kN/m (<NUM>" C-clamps). For each of these experiments <NUM> thick Gorilla® glass was utilized. For the flat plate configuration (Example <NUM>), the <NUM>-ms deceleration, peak deceleration, and intrusion were <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>, respectively. These values were similar to that obtained in Example # <NUM>. Examples <NUM> and <NUM> use a configuration similar to Example <NUM>, but with a curved configuration (R100 concave - Example <NUM>, R200 Convex - Example <NUM>). For each of these examples, the <NUM>-ms deceleration and peak deceleration was less than <NUM>, and less than <NUM>, respectively. For the R100 concave, the intrusion was <NUM>, and for R200 convex, the intrusion was <NUM>. Consequently, all these configurations were inside the operating window for headform impact test. The Gorilla® glass did not break for any of the experiments.

<FIG> shows the headform impact test setup for the laceration test. The test was performed to assess the safety of Corning Gorilla® glass in comparison to ion-exchanged soda-lime glass (SLG-IOXed). The glass samples size was <NUM>" × <NUM>" × <NUM>" (<NUM> thick). To assess the laceration characteristics of the glass, it was important that the glass fracture doing the test. Therefore, Surface <NUM> was abraded with SiC particles to initiate fracture. Two different abrasion conditions were utilized for the samples (<NUM> psi - <NUM> sec, and <NUM> psi - <NUM> sec). The glass samples were attached to Acetal Delrin plate (<NUM>" × <NUM>" × <NUM>", stiffness <NUM> kN/mm) utilizing <NUM> E3 Display Liquid Optically Clear Adhesive (LOCA). The Acetal Delrin plate with the glass was attached to the energy absorbing C-clamps (material SS304, stiffness <NUM> kN/m). The C-clamps with Delrin plate and laminated cover glass is believed to represent a module assembly in a vehicle interior. The surrogate assembly (C-clamps, Delrin plate, and laminated glass) was then mounted on the HIT equipment such that the angle of impact is <NUM> degrees. The head (impactor) was wrapped in a double layer synthetic chamois skin (PFA fabric <NUM>" × <NUM>" from McMaster). For each experiment, high speed video (picture), deceleration data, synthetic chamois skin condition after test and glass sample condition after test was recorded (<FIG>). Table <NUM> shows a "Chamois Laceration Scale" (CLS) for rating the pieces of chamois shown in <FIG>.

Comparative Example <NUM>, SLG-IOXed (<NUM> Grit SiC, <NUM> psi - <NUM> sec): Headfrom impact test was performed using the setup described above. The <NUM>-ms deceleration, maximum deceleration, and intrusion were <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, respectively. The cover glass fractured during the test, and punctured the outer layer of the synthetic chamois skin (CLS <NUM>).

Example <NUM>, Gorilla Glass (<NUM> Grit SiC, <NUM> psi - <NUM> sec): Headfrom impact test was performed using the setup described above. The <NUM>-ms deceleration, maximum deceleration, and intrusion were <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, respectively. The cover glass did not fracture during the test, and only superficial damage observed on the outer layer of the synthetic chamois skin (CLS <NUM>).

Example <NUM>, Gorilla Glass (<NUM> Grit SiC, <NUM> psi - <NUM> sec): Headfrom impact test was performed using the setup described above. The <NUM>-ms deceleration, maximum deceleration, and intrusion were <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, respectively. The cover glass fractured during the test into very small pieces compared to SLG-IOXed. Consequently, due to small pieces, only superficial damage was observed on the outer layer of the synthetic chamois skin (CLS <NUM>).

Glass shard testing was performed to assess the safety of Corning Gorilla® glass with different thickness and adhesives. The glass samples size was <NUM>" × <NUM>", and thickness ranged from <NUM> to <NUM>. It is noted that Gorilla® glass do not break during the headform impact test. However, to study the effect of glass breakage during catastrophic event, it was important to make the glass fracture during the test. A <NUM> Grit Garnet abrasion (<NUM> load, <NUM>" scratch, <NUM> pass) was utilized to introduce a <NUM> deep flaw on surface B of the samples. The glass samples were attached to Acetal Delrin plate (<NUM>" × <NUM>" × <NUM>", stiffness <NUM> kN/mm) utilizing <NUM> E3 Display Liquid Optically Clear Adhesive (LOCA) and <NUM> VHB <NUM> structural adhesive. The Acetal Delrin plate with the glass was attached to the energy absorbing C-clamps (material SS304, stiffness <NUM> kN/m). The C-clamps with Delrin plate and laminated cover glass is believed to represent a module assembly in a vehicle interior. The surrogate assembly (C-clamps, Delrin plate, and laminated glass) was then mounted on the HIT equipment such that the angle of impact is <NUM> degrees. For each experiment, the samples were weighed before and after the test. The difference (weight before minus weight after) was accounted to the loss of glass shards during the HIT, and is reported as percentage.

Examples <NUM>-<NUM>, Gorilla® glass <NUM> to <NUM> - E3 Display LOCA (<NUM>): The quantities of shards for each thickness was <NUM>% (<NUM>), <NUM>% (<NUM>), <NUM>% (<NUM>), and <NUM>% (<NUM>). The example showcases the effect of thickness of glass on quantity of shard generation. Lower thickness generated lower quantities of glass shard during catastrophic failure.

Examples <NUM> - <NUM>, Gorilla® glass <NUM> to <NUM> - <NUM> VHB <NUM> (<NUM>): The quantities of shards for each thickness was <NUM>% (<NUM>), <NUM>% (<NUM>), <NUM>% (<NUM>), and <NUM>% (<NUM>). These examples showcase the effect of thickness of glass on quantity of shard generation. Lower thickness generated lower quantities of glass shard during catastrophic failure. Additionally, these examples may be compared to above and shows the effect of retention nature of the adhesives. <NUM> VHB has a higher retention of glass shards (higher modulus) compared to E3 Display LOCA (lower modulus). The above experiments were for example only.

As used herein, the term "dispose" includes coating, depositing and/or forming a material onto a surface using any known method in the art. The disposed material may constitute a layer, as defined herein. As used herein, the phrase "disposed on" includes the instance of forming a material onto a surface such that the material is in direct contact with the surface and also includes the instance where the material is formed on a surface, with one or more intervening material(s) is between the disposed material and the surface. The intervening material(s) may constitute a layer, as defined herein. The term "layer" may include a single layer or may include one or more sub-layers. Such sub-layers may be in direct contact with one another. The sub-layers may be formed from the same material or two or more different materials. In one or more alternative embodiments, such sub-layers may have intervening layers of different materials disposed therebetween. In one or more embodiments a layer may include one or more contiguous and uninterrupted layers and/or one or more discontinuous and interrupted layers (i.e., a layer having different materials formed adjacent to one another). A layer or sub-layers may be formed by any known method in the art, including discrete deposition or continuous deposition processes. In one or more embodiments, the layer may be formed using only continuous deposition processes, or, alternatively, only discrete deposition processes.

In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate has a thickness (t) that is about <NUM> or less. For example, the thickness may be in a range from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or from about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate has a width (W) in a range from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or from about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate has a length (L) in a range from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or from about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be strengthened. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be strengthened to include compressive stress that extends from a surface to a depth of compression (DOC). The compressive stress regions are balanced by a central portion exhibiting a tensile stress. At the DOC, the stress crosses from a positive (compressive) stress to a negative (tensile) stress.

In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be strengthened mechanically by utilizing a mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion between portions of the article to create a compressive stress region and a central region exhibiting a tensile stress. In some embodiments, the glass substrate may be strengthened thermally by heating the glass to a temperature above the glass transition point and then rapidly quenching.

In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be chemically strengthening by ion exchange. In the ion exchange process, ions at or near the surface of the glass substrate are replaced by - or exchanged with - larger ions having the same valence or oxidation state. In those embodiments in which the glass substrate comprises an alkali aluminosilicate glass, ions in the surface layer of the article and the larger ions are monovalent alkali metal cations, such as Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+. Alternatively, monovalent cations in the surface layer may be replaced with monovalent cations other than alkali metal cations, such as Ag+ or the like. In such embodiments, the monovalent ions (or cations) exchanged into the glass substrate generate a stress.

Ion exchange processes are typically carried out by immersing a glass substrate in a molten salt bath (or two or more molten salt baths) containing the larger ions to be exchanged with the smaller ions in the glass substrate. It should be noted that aqueous salt baths may also be utilized. In addition, the composition of the bath(s) may include more than one type of larger ion (e.g., Na+ and K+) or a single larger ion. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that parameters for the ion exchange process, including, but not limited to, bath composition and temperature, immersion time, the number of immersions of the glass substrate in a salt bath (or baths), use of multiple salt baths, additional steps such as annealing, washing, and the like, are generally determined by the composition of the glass substrate (including the structure of the article and any crystalline phases present) and the desired DOC and CS of the glass substrate that results from strengthening. Exemplary molten bath composition may include nitrates, sulfates, and chlorides of the larger alkali metal ion. Typical nitrates include KNO<NUM>, NaNO<NUM>, LiNO<NUM>, NaSO<NUM> and combinations thereof. The temperature of the molten salt bath typically is in a range from about <NUM> up to about <NUM>, while immersion times range from about <NUM> minutes up to about <NUM> hours depending on glass substrate thickness, bath temperature and glass (or monovalent ion) diffusivity. However, temperatures and immersion times different from those described above may also be used.

In one or more embodiments, the glass substrates may be immersed in a molten salt bath of <NUM>% NaNO<NUM>, <NUM>% KNO<NUM>, or a combination of NaNO<NUM> and KNO<NUM> having a temperature from about <NUM> to about <NUM>. In some embodiments, the glass substrate may be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath including from about <NUM>% to about <NUM>% KNO<NUM> and from about <NUM>% to about <NUM>% NaNO<NUM>. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be immersed in a second bath, after immersion in a first bath. The first and second baths may have different compositions and/or temperatures from one another. The immersion times in the first and second baths may vary. For example, immersion in the first bath may be longer than the immersion in the second bath.

In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be immersed in a molten, mixed salt bath including NaNO<NUM> and KNO<NUM> (e.g., <NUM>%/<NUM>%, <NUM>%/<NUM>%, <NUM>%/<NUM>%) having a temperature less than about <NUM> (e.g., about <NUM> or about <NUM>). for less than about <NUM> hours, or even about <NUM> hours or less.

Ion exchange conditions can be tailored to provide a "spike" or to increase the slope of the stress profile at or near the surface of the resulting glass substrate. The spike may result in a greater surface CS value. This spike can be achieved by single bath or multiple baths, with the bath(s) having a single composition or mixed composition, due to the unique properties of the glass compositions used in the glass substrates described herein.

In one or more embodiments, where more than one monovalent ion is exchanged into the glass substrate, the different monovalent ions may exchange to different depths within the glass substrate (and generate different magnitudes stresses within the glass substrate at different depths). The resulting relative depths of the stress-generating ions can be determined and cause different characteristics of the stress profile.

CS is measured using those means known in the art, such as by surface stress meter (FSM) using commercially available instruments such as the FSM-<NUM>, manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co. Surface stress measurements rely upon the accurate measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC), which is related to the birefringence of the glass. SOC in turn is measured by those methods that are known in the art, such as fiber and four point bend methods, both of which are described in <NPL>," and a bulk cylinder method. As used herein CS may be the "maximum compressive stress" which is the highest compressive stress value measured within the compressive stress layer. In some embodiments, the maximum compressive stress is located at the surface of the glass substrate. In other embodiments, the maximum compressive stress may occur at a depth below the surface, giving the compressive profile the appearance of a "buried peak.

DOC may be measured by FSM or by a scattered light polariscope (SCALP) (such as the SCALP-<NUM> scattered light polariscope available from Glasstress Ltd. , located in Tallinn Estonia), depending on the strengthening method and conditions. When the glass substrate is chemically strengthened by an ion exchange treatment, FSM or SCALP may be used depending on which ion is exchanged into the glass substrate. Where the stress in the glass substrate is generated by exchanging potassium ions into the glass substrate, FSM is used to measure DOC. Where the stress is generated by exchanging sodium ions into the glass substrate, SCALP is used to measure DOC. Where the stress in the glass substrate is generated by exchanging both potassium and sodium ions into the glass, the DOC is measured by SCALP, since it is believed the exchange depth of sodium indicates the DOC and the exchange depth of potassium ions indicates a change in the magnitude of the compressive stress (but not the change in stress from compressive to tensile); the exchange depth of potassium ions in such glass substrates is measured by FSM. Central tension or CT is the maximum tensile stress and is measured by SCALP.

In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate maybe strengthened to exhibit a DOC that is described a fraction of the thickness t of the glass substrate (as described herein). For example, in one or more embodiments, the DOC may be equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 05t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 1t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 11t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 12t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 13t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 14t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 15t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 16t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 17t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 18t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 19t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. 2t, equal to or greater than about <NUM>. In some embodiments, The DOC may be in a range from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 09t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 18t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 11t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 12t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 13t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 14t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 15t to about <NUM>. 25t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 24t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 23t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 22t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 21t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 2t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 19t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 18t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 17t, from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. 16t, or from about <NUM>. 08t to about <NUM>. In some instances, the DOC may be about <NUM> or less. In one or more embodiments, the DOC may be about <NUM> or greater (e.g., from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or from about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, the strengthened glass substrate may have a CS (which may be found at the surface or a depth within the glass substrate) of about <NUM> MPa or greater, <NUM> MPa or greater, <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, or about <NUM> MPa or greater.

In one or more embodiments, the strengthened glass substrate may have a maximum tensile stress or central tension (CT) of about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, about <NUM> MPa or greater, or about <NUM> MPa or greater. In some embodiments, the maximum tensile stress or central tension (CT) may be in a range from about <NUM> MPa to about <NUM> MPa.

Suitable glass compositions for use in the glass substrate include soda lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, boroaluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, and alkali-containing boroaluminosilicate glass.

Unless otherwise specified, the glass compositions disclosed herein are described in mole percent (mol%) as analyzed on an oxide basis.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include SiO<NUM> in an amount in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Al<NUM>O<NUM> in an amount greater than about <NUM> mol%, or greater than about <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Al<NUM>O<NUM> in a range from greater than about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from greater than about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the upper limit of Al<NUM>O<NUM> may be about <NUM> mol%, <NUM> mol%, <NUM> mol%, <NUM> mol%, or <NUM> mol%.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article is described as an aluminosilicate glass article or including an aluminosilicate glass composition. In such embodiments, the glass composition or article formed therefrom includes SiO<NUM> and Al<NUM>O<NUM> and is not a soda lime silicate glass. In this regard, the glass composition or article formed therefrom includes Al<NUM>O<NUM> in an amount of about <NUM> mol% or greater, <NUM> mol% or greater, <NUM> mol% or greater, about <NUM> mol% or greater, about <NUM> mol% or greater.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises B<NUM>O<NUM> (e.g., about <NUM> mol% or greater). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises B<NUM>O<NUM> in an amount in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of B<NUM>O<NUM>.

As used herein, the phrase "substantially free" with respect to the components of the composition means that the component is not actively or intentionally added to the composition during initial batching, but may be present as an impurity in an amount less than about <NUM> mol%.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition optionally comprises P<NUM>O<NUM> (e.g., about <NUM> mol% or greater). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises a non-zero amount of P<NUM>O<NUM> up to and including <NUM> mol%, <NUM> mol%, <NUM> mol%, or <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of P<NUM>O<NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include a total amount of R<NUM>O (which is the total amount of alkali metal oxide such as Li<NUM>O, Na<NUM>O, K<NUM>O, Rb<NUM>O, and Cs<NUM>O) that is greater than or equal to about <NUM> mol%, greater than or equal to about <NUM> mol%, or greater than or equal to about <NUM> mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes a total amount of R<NUM>O in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of Rb<NUM>O, Cs<NUM>O or both Rb<NUM>O and Cs<NUM>O. In one or more embodiments, the R<NUM>O may include the total amount of Li<NUM>O, Na<NUM>O and K<NUM>O only. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may comprise at least one alkali metal oxide selected from Li<NUM>O, Na<NUM>O and K<NUM>O, wherein the alkali metal oxide is present in an amount greater than about <NUM> mol% or greater.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Na<NUM>O in an amount greater than or equal to about <NUM> mol%, greater than or equal to about <NUM> mol%, or greater than or equal to about <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the composition includes Na<NUM>O in a range from about from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes less than about <NUM> mol% K<NUM>O, less than about <NUM> mol% K<NUM>O, or less than about <NUM> mol% K<NUM>O. In some instances, the glass composition may include K<NUM>O in an amount in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of K<NUM>O.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Li<NUM>O. In one or more embodiments, the amount of Na<NUM>O in the composition may be greater than the amount of Li<NUM>O. In some instances, the amount of Na<NUM>O may be greater than the combined amount of Li<NUM>O and K<NUM>O. In one or more alternative embodiments, the amount of Li<NUM>O in the composition may be greater than the amount of Na<NUM>O or the combined amount of Na<NUM>O and K<NUM>O.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include a total amount of RO (which is the total amount of alkaline earth metal oxide such as CaO, MgO, BaO, ZnO and SrO) in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes a non-zero amount of RO up to about <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises RO in an amount from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes CaO in an amount less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, or less than about <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of CaO.

In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises MgO in an amount from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises ZrO<NUM> in an amount equal to or less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises ZrO<NUM> in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises SnO<NUM> in an amount equal to or less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises SnO2 in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include an oxide that imparts a color or tint to the glass articles. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes an oxide that prevents discoloration of the glass article when the glass article is exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Examples of such oxides include, without limitation oxides of: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, W, and Mo.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Fe expressed as Fe<NUM>O<NUM>, wherein Fe is present in an amount up to (and including) about <NUM> mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Fe. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Fe<NUM>O<NUM> in an amount equal to or less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%, less than about <NUM> mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Fe<NUM>O<NUM> in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, or from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.

Where the glass composition includes TiO<NUM>, TiO<NUM> may be present in an amount of about <NUM> mol% or less, about <NUM> mol% or less, about <NUM> mol% or less or about <NUM> mol% or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of TiO<NUM>.

An exemplary glass composition includes SiO<NUM> in an amount in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, Al<NUM>O<NUM> in an amount in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, Na<NUM>O in an amount in a range from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, K<NUM>O in an amount in a range of about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%, and MgO in an amount in a range from about <NUM>. <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%. Optionally, SnO<NUM> may be included in the amounts otherwise disclosed herein.

Claim 1:
A vehicle interior system (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) comprising:
a base (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) comprising a curved surface (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>);
a glass substrate (<NUM>, <NUM>) comprising a first major surface (<NUM>), a second major surface (<NUM>), a minor surface (<NUM>) connecting the first major surface (<NUM>) and the second major surface (<NUM>), and a thickness (t) in a range from <NUM> to <NUM>, wherein the second major surface (<NUM>) comprises a first radius of curvature of <NUM> or greater;
an adhesive (<NUM>) bonding the second major surface (<NUM>) to the base (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>);
a mounting mechanism for mounting the base (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) in a vehicle, wherein the mounting mechanism comprises mounting brackets (<NUM>) or clamps, wherein the base (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) and the glass substrate (<NUM>, <NUM>) in combination have a first stiffness K1,
characterized in that:
as a result of an impacter having a <NUM> diameter and a mass of <NUM> impacting the first major surface at an impact velocity of <NUM>/s and at a normal angle of impact, a peak deceleration of the impacter after impact is <NUM> or less,
the mounting mechanism has a second stiffness K2 that limits deflection of the base (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) and glass substrate (<NUM>, <NUM>) as a result of the impacter to less than <NUM>, and
the vehicle interior system (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) has a system stiffness Ks defined as Ks = (K1 × K2) / (K1 + K2), wherein Ks is in a range where the glass substrate (<NUM>, <NUM>) does not fracture from the impact of the impacter.