Patent Description:
Throughout the following disclosure, a luminaire is to be understood as any type of lighting unit or lighting fixture which comprises one or more light sources (including visible or non-visible (infrared (IR) or ultraviolet (UV)) light sources) for illumination and/or communication purposes and optionally other internal and/or external parts necessary for proper operation of the lighting, e.g., to distribute the light, to position and protect the light sources and ballast (where applicable), and to connect the luminaires to a power supply. Luminaires can be of the traditional type, such as a recessed or surface-mounted incandescent, fluorescent or other electric-discharge luminaires. Luminaires can also be of the non-traditional type, such as fiber optics with a light source and a fiber core or "light pipe" for guiding light generated by the light source.

To reduce waste and enable a circular economy, future luminaires need to be made serviceable. During service or upgrade actions luminaire modules (e.g. LED modules also called "L2 (Level <NUM>) boards" or the like) may often need to be exchanged. Such luminaire modules may be used as carriers for light source(s) (e.g. LED(s)) and may be manufactured as printed circuit boards (PCBs) either from typical PCB materials like FR4, flex-on-rigid or on MCPCB (Metal core PCB) carriers for enhanced cooling. After years of service, old parts may already be obsolete and not available anymore. When a broken luminaire module is replaced by a more efficient one, the current through the light source(s) needs to be adjusted. However, an existing luminaire driver (e.g. current driver for the light source(s)) does not have knowledge of the new luminaire module and will keep supplying the light source(s) with the same current.

Thus, a major issue when it comes to exchanging luminaire modules is that the new combination of luminaire driver and luminaire board should be plug-and-play capable and functioning properly, without any action from a user.

Typically, the light output of a luminaire module depends on the driving current (set by the driver) and the efficacy level of the luminaire module. In case of exchanging an existing luminaire module with an improved or new one (e.g. higher efficacy), the driving current should be adapted to ensure that the same light output is generated as with the original module.

In conventional lighting systems, the luminaire driver does not change the driving current when a luminaire module is replaced and reprogramming of the luminaire driver by a user would be too complex, since it requires specific tools and/or knowledge. As a result, introduction of a luminaire module with higher efficacy will generate a light output that may be too high.

Publications <CIT> and <CIT> disclose apparatuses of the preambles of claims <NUM> and <NUM> respectively.

It is an object of the present invention to provide improved serviceability for lighting systems when luminaire modules are replaced.

This object is achieved by a luminaire module as claimed in claim <NUM>, an apparatus as claimed in claim <NUM>, by a driver as claimed in claim <NUM>, a lighting system as claimed in claim <NUM>, by a method as claimed in claim <NUM>, and by a computer program product as claimed in claim <NUM>.

According to a first aspect, a luminaire module comprises:.

Accordingly, a current limiting/regulating function is incorporated in luminaire modules such that a new luminaire module will automatically operate at its desired current after the exchange given that the output voltage of the driver is sufficient to reach that current. Thereby, external drivers and luminaire modules can be automatically matched in a cost-effective way.

According to a first option of the first aspect, the current limiter may be configured to control the current flowing through the at least one light source to a set target value of the luminaire module independent from a current source of the external driver. Thus, the current limiter of the luminaire module ensures a proper target value of the current through the light source(s) of the luminaire module irrespective of the setpoint of the external driver.

According to a second option of the first aspect, which may be combined with the first option, the luminaire module may comprise a temperature sensing element or functionality for measuring a temperature of the current limiter, wherein the luminaire module may be configured to activate a switch that shunts the output of the external driver or bypasses the current limiter if a predetermined overtemperature is measured by the temperature sensing element or functionality. Thereby, it can be ensured that the current limiter is protected from overtemperature by an excessive voltage which may be generated by a non-matched external driver.

According to a third option of the first aspect, which may be combined with the first or second option, the luminaire module may comprise a temperature sensing element or functionality for measuring a temperature of the current limiter, wherein the current limiter may be configured to increase a setpoint for the current regulation or bypass a current sensing element if a predetermined overtemperature is measured by the temperature sensing element or functionality. Thereby, it can be ensured that the current limiter is protected from overtemperature by an excessive voltage which may be generated by a non-matched external driver without deactivating the luminaire module or the current limiter.

According to a fourth option, which may be combined with any one of the first to third options, the luminaire module may comprise a voltage sensing element or functionality for measuring a voltage across the current limiter, wherein the luminaire module is configured to activate a switch to bypass the current limiter when the measured voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold voltage. Thereby, it can be ensured that the current limiter is protected from overtemperature by an excessive voltage which may be generated by a non-matched external driver.

According to a fifth option of the first aspect, which may be combined with any one of the first to fourth options, the current limiter may comprise a linear current regulating circuit or a current regulating diode. Thereby, the current limiting function can be implemented without substantially increasing circuit complexity of the luminaire module.

According to a second aspect (which is directed to the driver side), an apparatus for controlling a driver that can be connected to an external luminaire module of a lighting system is provided, wherein the apparatus is configured to measure an output voltage of the driver applied to a connected luminaire module, to determine whether the measured output voltage exceeds an operating range of a current control mode of the driver, and to reduce the output current of the driver if the measured output voltage exceeds the operating range (i.e., reaches an upper operating limit). Preferably, the reducing of the output current of the driver is done such that the output current remains larger than zero. It is not the purpose of the invention to stop providing current such as in an overvoltage protection but to lower the output current to an other non-zero current value.

Thereby, in addition to the above advantages, the current limiter of the luminaire module can be protected from overtemperature and/or excessive voltage caused by the increased output voltage of the driver when it leaves the current control mode.

According to a first option of the second aspect, which can be combined with any of the first to fifth options of the first aspect, the apparatus may be configured to measure the output current of the driver and to reduce the output current to the same value as consumed by the luminaire module if the measured output voltage exceeds the operating range. This measure ensures that the output voltage of the driver is kept within the operating range of the current control mode.

According to a second option of the second aspect, which can be combined with the first option of the second aspect or any of the first to fifth options of the first aspect, the apparatus may be configured to gradually reduce the setpoint of the output current until the driver returns to the operating range of the current control mode if the measured output voltage exceeds the operating range. This alternative measure also ensures that the output voltage of the driver is kept within the operating range of the current control mode.

According to a third option of the second aspect, which can be combined with the first or second option of the second aspect or any of the first to fifth options of the first aspect, the apparatus may be configured to control the driver to generate a pulsed output current, wherein a maximum value of the pulsed output current is equal to or larger than an operating range of the current control mode, and to determine a presence of a non-matching luminaire module if the output voltage of the driver comprises a pulsed component. Thereby, the proposed voltage measurement can be used to detect non-matches luminaire devices, e.g., by a blinking light emitted by the light sources of the luminaire module.

According to a third aspect, a driver is provided, that comprises an apparatus according to the second aspect.

According to a first option of the third aspect, which can be combined with any of the first to third option of the second aspect or any of the first to fifth option of the first aspect, the driver may be configured to output a constant current during the current control mode (i.e. CC mode) and to switch to a voltage controlled mode (i.e. CV mode) where the driver outputs a constant voltage when the output voltage exceeds the operating range of the current control mode. Thereby, the output voltage of the driver can be used to detect whether a non-matched luminaire module is connected to the driver.

According to a fourth aspect, a lighting system is provided, that comprises at least one driver according to the third aspect and at least one luminaire module according to the first aspect.

According to a fifth aspect, a method of controlling a driver in a lighting system is provided, wherein the method comprises:.

According to a sixth aspect, a computer program product is provided, which comprises code means for producing the steps of the above method of the fifth aspect when run on a computer device.

It is noted that the above apparatuses may be implemented based on discrete hardware circuitries with discrete hardware components, integrated chips, or arrangements of chip modules, or based on signal processing devices or chips controlled by software routines or programs stored in memories, written on a computer readable media, or downloaded from a network, such as the Internet.

It shall be understood that the luminaire module of claim <NUM>, the apparatus of claim <NUM>, the driver of claim <NUM>, the lighting system of claim <NUM>, the method of claim <NUM>, and the computer program product of claim <NUM> may have similar and/or identical preferred embodiments, in particular, as defined in the dependent claims.

It shall be understood that a preferred embodiment of the invention can also be any combination of the dependent claims or above embodiments with the respective independent claim.

Various embodiments of the present invention are now described based on luminaires of a solid-state lighting system. Solid-state lighting (SSL) is a type of lighting that uses semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs), semiconductor lasers, vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), or polymer light-emitting diodes (PLED) as sources of illumination or light sources rather than electrical filaments, plasma (used in arc lamps such as fluorescent lamps), or gas. Furthermore, solid-state electroluminescence may be used in SSL as opposed to incandescent bulbs (which use thermal radiation) or fluorescent tubes. Compared to incandescent lighting, SSL creates visible light with reduced heat generation and less energy dissipation. Moreover, white LEDs may convert blue light from a solid-state device to an (approximate) white light spectrum using photoluminescence, the same principle as used in conventional fluorescent tubes.

The following embodiments are directed to LED luminaires. They can be implemented in connection with easy-serviceable L2 (level <NUM>) boards and are applicable to any kind of separate LED drivers which are designed for easy serviceability of luminaires. It is however mentioned that the present invention can be used for any kind of luminaires to enhance their serviceability.

A driver is an electrical device that regulates the power to an LED or string(s) of LEDs. The driver may respond to changing needs of the LED by supplying a constant amount of power to the LED as its electrical properties change with the temperature. The driver is important because LEDs require very specific electrical power in order to operate properly. If the voltage supplied to the LED is lower than required, very little current runs through the junction, resulting in low light and poor performance. On the other hand, if the voltage is too great, too much current flows to the LED and it can overheat and be severely damaged or fail completely (thermal runaway). This certainly applies to other kinds of luminaires as well.

<FIG> shows schematically a block diagram of a luminaire system with a driver <NUM> and an enhanced luminaire module <NUM> (e.g. a level two (L2) board or the like) according to various embodiments.

It is noted that - throughout the present disclosure - the structure and/or function of blocks or circuit components with identical reference numbers that have been described before are not described again, unless an additional specific functionality is involved. Moreover, only those structural elements and functions are shown, which are useful to understand the embodiments. Other structural elements and functions are omitted for brevity reasons.

In the exemplary embodiment of <FIG>, the driver <NUM> is connected to the luminaire module <NUM> via two connection lines or wires <NUM>. The luminaire module holds a plurality of solid-state light sources (e.g. LEDs) <NUM> and in addition a current limiter <NUM> for controlling and limiting the current through the light sources <NUM>. The current limiter <NUM> may be a linear current regulating circuit (which is available at low cost and small size), for example, a current regulating diode (CRD). It may be implemented as an integrated circuit (chip or chip module as shown in <FIG>) or a circuit of discrete circuit elements.

Furthermore, the driver <NUM> may comprise a user interface and/or input port <NUM> for setting driver parameters for and/or supplying power to the driver <NUM>.

The current limiter <NUM> is provided on the luminaire module <NUM> such that the current through the light sources <NUM> of the luminaire module <NUM> can be controlled by the luminaire module <NUM> itself, though the driver <NUM> operates as a current source as well. Furthermore, some extra functionalities and/or elements may be introduced at the driver <NUM> to minimize the loss on the luminaire module, as explained later.

Since the additional current control by the current limiter <NUM> of the luminaire module <NUM> may cause an initial mismatch between the current supply and demand at the driver <NUM>, the driver output voltage may drift towards a maximum allowable output voltage of the driver <NUM>. This presumes that the constant current setting at the driver <NUM> is higher than the current consumed by the connected luminaire module <NUM>, which is reasonable as a new luminaire module will most probably carry light sources of better efficacy.

Separately arranged drivers are typically designed to output a constant current (CC) and in case of open load or too high load voltage (e.g. LED string voltage), it maintains a constant voltage (CV). Such drivers are commonly referred to as CCCV drivers.

<FIG> shows schematically an output characteristic of a CCCV driver with constant-voltage (CV) mode. In the diagram, the vertical axis corresponds to the driver output voltage V while the horizontal axis corresponds to the driver output current I.

A CCCV driver with such a characteristic normally operates in the CC mode if the voltage V and current I operating point of the load (e.g. luminaire module) falls within the operating window of <FIG>, which is determined by a maximum output voltage Vm and a maximum output current Im of the driver. The load current can be set through the control interface <NUM> via a dimming tool or via a configuration tool of the driver <NUM>, and the resulting voltage is determined by the LED load. Usually, this voltage falls within the limit Vm. When the load voltage V becomes too high (e.g., too many light sources (e.g. LEDs) in series) and exceeds the maximum output voltage Vm, the driver will exit the CC mode window and try to maintain a constant output voltage in the CV mode where the current I is not regulated anymore, which means that the current I is then determined by the load.

Some drivers may also have a so-called constant power (CP) mode, which is constrained by the throughput power capability of the driver.

<FIG> shows schematically an output characteristic of a CCCV driver with CV mode and constant-power (CP) mode. As can be gathered from the characteristic of <FIG>, the operating window of the driver is not only confined by the maximum output voltage Vm and the maximum output current Im, but also by a maximum output power (i.e. maximum product of output voltage V times output current I). This additional confinement by the maximum output power leads to the effect that a right upper portion of the operating window (where output voltage and output current is high) is cut off.

In the example of a 40W indoor driver, the output voltage V may be limited to a maximum value Vm=54V and the load current I can be set up to a maximum value Im=<NUM>. However, at the maximum output current Im of <NUM>. 1A the maximum allowed output voltage is reduced to about 36V due to a maximum power limit of 40W.

However, when the luminaire module <NUM> has its own current limiter and this current is less than the current produced by the driver <NUM>, a voltage difference between the maximum output voltage Vm of the driver <NUM> and the voltage Vs across the light sources <NUM> (e.g. string of LEDs) is generated across the current limiter <NUM> and causes energy dissipation as heat. If Vs is close to Vm, this might be acceptable. But if the voltage difference is too high, the resultant energy dissipation may be too high for the current limiter <NUM> and/or the power loss may be undesirable.

To address this power loss problem, additional measures are proposed for the driver <NUM>, as explained in the following examples.

The driver <NUM> of <FIG> is configured to switch to the CV mode when the maximum allowable output voltage Vm of the driver <NUM> has been reached. As additional measure, the driver <NUM> may be configured to sense the output current and reduce its output current to the same value as consumed by the luminaire module <NUM>. Alternatively, after any repair or after each power-up, the driver <NUM> may gradually reduce the setpoint of its output current until it just leaves the CV mode and may then stay at that setpoint. This newly determined setpoint may be stored in a non-volatile memory inside the driver and directly used after next power-up, such that the system does not need to go through this procedure after each power-up. This may be beneficial for the lifetime of the components.

In these ways, the driver <NUM> will automatically operate at the correct current of a new luminaire module <NUM> without any action from the user.

<FIG> shows schematically a block diagram of the driver <NUM> according to various embodiments.

The driver <NUM> comprises a driver circuit (D) <NUM> for generating a drive current to be supplied to the luminaire module <NUM> in order to activate and drive the light sources <NUM>. The driver circuit <NUM> is configured as a controllable current source for providing sufficient current to light the light sources <NUM> of the luminaire module <NUM> at the required brightness, but to limit the current to prevent damaging the light sources <NUM>.

Furthermore, the driver <NUM> comprises a current control circuit (I-CTRL) <NUM> which is connected to the output of the driver <NUM> and is configured (e.g. programmed) to measure the output voltage and to control the driver circuit <NUM> so as to switch to the CV mode when it has detected that the maximum allowable output voltage Vm of the driver <NUM> has been reached.

Then, the current control circuit <NUM> measures the output current of the driver <NUM> and controls the driver circuit <NUM> to reduce the output current of the driver <NUM> to the same value as consumed by the luminaire module <NUM>, i.e., the value of the measured output current.

Alternatively, after switching to the CV mode, the current control circuit <NUM> of the driver <NUM> may control the driver circuit <NUM> to gradually reduce the setpoint of its output current until the driver circuit <NUM> just leaves the CV mode to return to the CC mode. Then, the current control circuit <NUM> controls the driver circuit <NUM> to maintain this setpoint.

Both driver circuit <NUM> and current circuit <NUM> receive their power supply P from a power supply circuit (not shown) internal or external to the driver <NUM>.

The interface control circuit <NUM> may be implemented as a programmable processor controlled by a software routine stored in a program memory.

<FIG> shows a flow diagram of an enhanced luminaire driving procedure according to an embodiment.

This procedure may be implemented in the driver <NUM>, e.g., by a software routine controlling the current control circuit <NUM>.

In step S501, the output voltage Vo of the driver <NUM> is measured. This can be achieved by supplying the output voltage of the driver <NUM> e.g. directly or via a voltage divider to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and storing the converted digital measurement value in a memory.

Then, in step S502, the measured voltage value of the output voltage Vo is compared to the maximum output voltage Vm which may be stored in a memory as well.

If it is detected in step S502 that the measured value of the output voltage Vo is smaller than the maximum output value Vm (branch "N" for "no" in <FIG>), which indicates a CC mode of operation, the procedure ends, since the output current demanded by the new luminaire module <NUM> matches the current supplied by the driver <NUM>.

Otherwise, if it is detected that the measured value of the output voltage Vo is greater than or equal to the maximum output value Vm (branch "Y" for "yes" in <FIG>), which indicates a CV mode of operation, the procedure continues with step S503 and the output current Io of the driver, which is now determined by the luminaire module <NUM>, is measured. This can be achieved e.g. by letting the output current flow through a small shunt resistor or other current detecting element to obtain a measurement voltage and supplying the obtained measurement voltage directly or via a voltage divider to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and storing the converted digital measurement value that corresponds to the measured value of the output current Io in a memory. As another option, the output current amplitude may already be available inside the driver <NUM>.

Then, in step S504, the driver output current is set to and maintained at the measured value of the output current Io. Optionally, the driver <NUM> may (gradually) reduce its output current to the measurement value as consumed by the (new) luminaire module.

The local current limiter <NUM> on the luminaire module may eventually saturate during the control procedure at the driver <NUM>, which may lead to a near short circuit and thus a neglectable power loss (i.e. the voltage drop across the current limiter <NUM> may become near zero volt). In this way, a new operating point can be automatically established between the driver <NUM> and the a new (more efficient) luminaire module <NUM>.

<FIG> shows a flow diagram of an enhanced luminaire driving procedure according to an alternative embodiment.

In the alternative luminaire driving procedure of <FIG>, the output voltage Vo of the driver <NUM> is measured in step S601, as in step S501 of <FIG>.

Then, in step S602, the measured voltage value of the output voltage Vo is also compared to the maximum output voltage Vm, as in step S502 of <FIG>.

Now, if it is detected in step S602 that the measured value of the output voltage Vo is smaller than the maximum output value Vm (branch "Y" for "yes" in <FIG>), which indicates a CC mode of operation, the procedure continues with step S603 where the output current of the driver <NUM> is maintained ("freezed"), since it is within the operating window of the driver <NUM>.

Otherwise, if it is detected that the measured value of the output voltage Vo is greater than or equal to the maximum output value Vm (branch "N" for "no" in <FIG>), which indicates a CV mode of operation, the procedure branches to step S604 and the driver <NUM> gradually reduces the setpoint of the output current by a small step. Then, the procedure jumps back to step S601 and the output voltage Vo is measured again and then compared to the maximum output voltage Vm.

This loop of steps S601, S602 and S604 is continued until it is determined in step S602 that the driver <NUM> has left the CV mode and the procedure continues with step S603 so that the driver <NUM> stays at that setpoint.

Thus, in the alternative luminaire driving procedure of <FIG>, the driver <NUM> will automatically operate at the correct current of a new luminaire module <NUM> without sensing the output current.

The above features of the procedures (<FIG> and <FIG>) can be implemented with software procedures controlling a processor or with analog control circuit in a feedback loop of the driver <NUM>.

In the following, examples for implementing an enhanced luminaire module <NUM> with the proposed current limiter <NUM> are explained with reference to <FIG>.

<FIG> shows schematically a block diagram of a first example of the enhanced luminaire module <NUM> according to an embodiment.

A CCCV driver <NUM> powered by an AC power source <NUM> is connected to an enhanced luminaire module <NUM> which comprises a current limiter <NUM>. The current limiter <NUM> is connected in series with a chain or string of LEDs <NUM> to thereby allow driving a more efficient luminaire module <NUM> without replacing an existing driver <NUM> that outputs a higher current than desired by the new luminaire module <NUM>.

The local current limiter <NUM> is configured to control the current through the LEDs <NUM> to a set target value (which is lower than the output current of the driver <NUM>). As a result, the output voltage of the driver <NUM> increases due to the surplus of current and this surplus current charges a driver internal output filter capacitor and soon the output voltage will reach the maximum output voltage Vm, so that the driver <NUM> enters the CV mode. As the current through the LEDs <NUM> is controlled by the local current limiter <NUM>, the new (more efficient) luminaire module <NUM> can operate at its desired current.

The current limiter <NUM> can be implemented by a commonly used current regulator circuit (e.g. constant current source).

<FIG> shows schematically an example of a linear current regulator circuit that can be used as the current limiter <NUM> in various embodiments.

A first transistor Q1 is configured as a power transistor that controls the current through at least one LED U4 connected in series with and to the collector electrode of the first transistor Q1. Furthermore, a second transistor Q2 with a collector resistor R2 (which provides a base current to Q1) provides a feedback signal to the base electrode of the first transistor Q1 based on a voltage generated at a current sensing resistor Rs. The controlled current that flows through the series connection of the LED(s) U4, the first transistor Q1 and the current sensing resistor Rs is determined by Vbe/Rs, where Vbe is the base-emitter voltage of the second bipolar transistor Q2, assuming that the voltage at the base resistor R1 of the second transistor Q2 can be neglected due to the small base current.

Thus, in the linear current regulator circuit of <FIG>, the current through the LEDs U4 is regulated by the first transistor Q1 due to the feedback loop via the second transistor Q2 to a set value Io=Vbe/Rs. When the current Io tries to increase from this set value, the base-emitter voltage at the second transistor Q2 increases so that the collector-emitter voltage of the second transistor Q2 decreases. Thereby, the base current of the first transistor Q1 decreases and the current through the LEDs U4 decreases again to its set value. When the current Io tries to decrease from this set value, the base-emitter voltage at the second transistor Q2 decreases so that the collector-emitter voltage of the second transistor Q2 increases. Thereby, the base current of the first transistor Q1 increases and the current through the LEDs U4 increases again to its set value.

Of course, other available current regulator elements, circuits or integrated circuits (ICs) may be used as the proposed current limiter <NUM>. As an example, an easy-to-use device that can be used as the proposed current limiter <NUM> is the so-called current regulating diode (CRD) or constant-current diode, which provides a fixed current and has only two terminals.

The following second to fourth examples address the problem that the current regulator <NUM> can be thermally overloaded by an excessive voltage when the luminaire module <NUM> is connected to a driver <NUM> that is not smart, e.g., has no current control functionality as described in connection with <FIG> and <FIG>.

<FIG> shows schematically a block diagram of the second example of the enhanced luminaire module <NUM> according to an embodiment.

In the second example, it is proposed to provide the luminaire module <NUM> with an enhanced current limiter <NUM> that can protect itself against thermal overload. This can be achieved by providing the current limiter <NUM> with an integrated or external temperature sensing element or functionality (not shown in <FIG>) that is configured to measure the temperature of the current limiter <NUM> and, if it detects a predetermined overtemperature, the current limiter <NUM> activates a switch <NUM> that shunts (e.g. (nearly) short circuits by a low resistance value) the output of the driver <NUM>. Thereby, the string of LEDs <NUM> and the current limiter <NUM> of luminaire module <NUM> are switched off in case of a thermal overload.

<FIG> shows schematically a block diagram of the third example of the enhanced luminaire module <NUM> according to an embodiment.

Alternatively, the current limiter <NUM> can shunt itself when an overtemperature is detected. This can be achieved by providing a temperature sensing element <NUM> internal or external to the current limiter <NUM> that is configured to measure the temperature of the current limiter <NUM> and, if it detects a predetermined overtemperature, to activate a switch <NUM> that bypasses (e.g. (nearly) short circuits by a low resistance value) the current limiter <NUM>. Thereby, the LEDs <NUM> may experience a higher current than the current limiter <NUM> is supposed to guarantee. This problem will be addressed in the fifth example shown in <FIG>. The additional bypass switch <NUM> is not always necessary. The current limiter <NUM> may increase the setpoint (target value) for the current regulation or bypass a current sensing element (e.g. resistor Rs in <FIG>). As a result, more current is allowed to pass through the current limiter and the voltage across the current limiter <NUM> will decrease, leading to a lower power loss.

The effect of the temperature protection control of the luminaire module <NUM> in the second and third examples may result in a blinking of the string of LEDs <NUM> which in turn warns a user or service person that the driver <NUM> in use is not appropriate for that luminaire module <NUM> and also needs to be replaced.

<FIG> shows schematically a block diagram of the fourth example of the enhanced luminaire module <NUM> according to an embodiment.

In the fourth example, the current limiter <NUM> incorporates an over-voltage detection. To achieve this, the luminaire module <NUM> comprises a voltage sensing element or function <NUM> internal or external to the current limiter <NUM>, which is configured to sense the average or root mean square (rms) voltage over the current limiter <NUM> and when the voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold voltage (determined e.g. by the maximum power that the current limiter <NUM> can dissipate in a given application condition), the current limier <NUM> will short itself via a bypass switch <NUM> to avoid overtemperature damage.

The switch <NUM> of the second example and the bypass switch <NUM> of the third and fourth examples may be implemented by a semiconductor switch (e.g. transistor, thyristor or triac) with a low on-resistance.

<FIG> shows schematically a block diagram of the fifth example of the enhanced luminaire module <NUM> according to an embodiment.

In the fifth example, the switch <NUM> is connected in series with the current limiter <NUM> so as to cut the current through the current limiter <NUM> when the temperature sensing element <NUM> detects that the temperature of the current limiter <NUM> exceeds the predetermined overtemperature (like a thermostat switch or a resetting over temperature protector). , the overheat protection function of the fifth example switches the current limiter <NUM> off until it is cooled down. This will also lead to a blinking of the light as well as a regular change in driver current voltage which can be diagnosed in in a first case by an installer and/or in a second case by diagnostic features in the driver <NUM>.

In a modification of the fifth example, the series switch <NUM> may not be used. Instead, the current limiter <NUM> may be configured to change the limit current to a lower value where the power losses in the current limiter <NUM> are lower.

In the fifth example, the temperature sensing element <NUM> may also be integrated in the same housing as the current limiter <NUM> making it more practical.

The temperature sensing element <NUM> of the second, third and fifth example may be a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor, a resistance temperature detector (RTD, also known as a resistance thermometer), a thermocouple (e.g. two wires of different metals connected at two points), a semiconductor-based sensor (e.g. two identical diodes with temperature-sensitive voltage vs current characteristics that can be used to monitor changes in temperature) or another temperature-sensitive element or circuit.

In a further embodiment, the driver <NUM> can be configured to detect whether it is connected to a new luminaire module <NUM> that requires a higher current than the currently programmed output current of the driver <NUM>. For this purpose, the current control circuit <NUM> of the driver <NUM> may be configured to control the driver circuit <NUM> to generate a pulsed output current, wherein a maximum value of the pulsed output current may be equal to or larger than the maximum current value Im of the driver output window shown in <FIG>. The driver <NUM> can then detect (e.g. based on a change of its output voltage) if the current limiter <NUM> is provided on the luminaire module <NUM> and limits the current. Pulsing the output current can be done such that the total power provided to the luminaire module <NUM> does not change.

Furthermore, in case different luminaire modules <NUM> are connected to the driver <NUM> in parallel, the driver <NUM> can determine by the pulsed output current whether non-matching luminaire modules are connected, e.g., a first luminaire module demands a peak current of 350mA while newly inserted other luminaire boards of higher efficiency are equipped with a current limiter <NUM> that limits the current to 300mA. The driver <NUM> can determine such a presence of non-matching luminaire modules by detecting a pulsed component in the output voltage.

To summarize, an incorporation of a current limiting/regulating circuit on a luminaire board has been described for ensuring that the luminaire board will automatically operate at its desired current after a replacement. Since the current control at the luminaire board causes an initial mismatch between the current supply of the driver and the demand of the luminaire board, the driver output voltage will drift towards the maximum output voltage of the driver. When the maximum output voltage is reached, the driver is configured to operate in constant-voltage (CV) mode, sense the output current and reduce its output current to the same value as consumed by current-controlled luminaire board. Alternatively, the driver may gradually reduce the setpoint of the output current until it just leaves the CV mode and stay at that setpoint. In this way, the driver will automatically operate at the correct current of a newly installed luminaire board without any action from the user.

The proposed current limiter at the luminaire module and current control at the driver can be applied to and possibly standardized in any types of modules provided in luminaire devices that are driven by a driver.

Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure and the appended claims. A single processor or other unit may fulfil the functions of several items recited in the claims. It will be appreciated, however, that no matter how detailed the foregoing appears in the text, the invention may be practiced in many ways, and is therefore not limited to the embodiments disclosed. It should be noted that the use of particular terminology when describing certain features or aspects of the invention should not be taken to imply that the terminology is being re-defined herein to be restricted to include any specific characteristics of the features or aspects of the invention with which that terminology is associated.

Claim 1:
A constant current driver (<NUM>), for use with a luminaire module (<NUM>), comprising an apparatus for controlling the constant current driver (<NUM>), the apparatus (<NUM>) being configured to measure an output voltage of the constant current driver (<NUM>) applied to the luminaire module (<NUM>), to determine whether the measured output voltage exceeds an operating range of a current control mode of the constant current driver (<NUM>), and to reduce the output current of the constant current driver (<NUM>) if the measured output voltage exceeds the operating range,
characterized in that the apparatus is configured to measure the output current of the constant current driver and to reduce the output current to the same value as consumed by the luminaire module (<NUM>) if the measured output voltage exceeds the operating range.