Patent Description:
The present disclosure concerns an apparatus and method for the digital fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) articles by a layer-by-layer solidification of a build material. More particularly, the present disclosure concerns a mechanical system configured to facilitate draining of residual photocurable resin from large and heavy 3D articles.

3D printing systems are in wide use for prototyping and manufacturing articles. One type of 3D printing system utilizes a process called stereolithography. A typical stereolithography system utilizes a resin vessel, an imaging system, and a build plate within liquid resin held by the resin vessel. A three-dimensional (3D) article is manufactured in a layer-by-layer manner by selectively imaging and solidifying layers of the resin over the build plate. One challenge is the manufacture of very large objects. When a 3D article is fabricated and lifted out of the resin vessel, it tends to be covered with uncured photocurable resin. There is a desire to pour as much of this uncured resin back into the resin vessel as possible to avoid waste of expensive material and to reduce cleaning requirements. For large and heavy articles, this can be difficult and present safety issues. To overcome these issues, for example, <CIT> discloses a system for manufacturing a three-dimensional article comprising: a resin vessel configured for containing a photocurable resin; a build plate having an upper surface extending along a Y-axis from a proximal end to a distal end; a plate support supporting the build plate and extending along the Y-axis from a proximal end corresponding to the proximal end of the build plate to a distal end corresponding to the distal end of the build plate; a hook subsystem having a hook; an elevator subsystem; an imaging subsystem; a controller configured to: operate the elevator subsystem and the imaging subsystem to progressively lower the upper surface of the build plate into the resin vessel while forming the 3D article above the upper surface of the build plate; operate the elevator subsystem to raise the 3D article to a vertical position above a level of photocurable resin in the resin vessel; operate the hook subsystem to move the hook from a non-engagement configuration to an engagement configuration.

In a first aspect of the disclosure, a three-dimensional (3D) printing system according to claim <NUM> is configured to manufacture a 3D article. The 3D printing system includes a resin vessel, a build plate, a plate support, a hook subsystem, an elevator subsystem, an imaging subsystem, and a controller. The resin vessel is configured for containing a liquid photocurable resin. The build plate has an upper surface and an opposed lower side. The build plate extends along a Y-axis from a proximal end or edge to a distal end or edge. The plate support supports the build plate. The plate support extends along the Y-axis from a proximal end to a distal end. The proximal and distal ends of the build plate correspond to and overlay the proximal and distal ends of the plate support respectively. The hook subsystem includes a hook. The controller is configured to: (a) Operate the elevator subsystem and the imaging subsystem to progressively lower the upper surface of the build plate into the photocurable resin within the resin vessel while forming the 3D article onto the upper surface of the build plate. (b) Operate the elevator subsystem to raise the 3D article to a vertical position above a level of photocurable resin in the resin vessel. (c) Operate the hook subsystem to configure the hook to be engaged with the proximal end of the build plate. (d) Operate the elevator subsystem to impart a vertical separation distance between the proximal end of the build plate supported by the hook subsystem and the distal end of the build plate supported by the plate support. The vertical separation distance defines an angular tilt of the build plate and the 3D article to facilitate draining of residual photocurable resin from the 3D article into the resin vessel. The hook can include two hooks that are spatially separated to engage the proximal end of the build plate at spaced part locations.

In one implementation, the 3D article weighs more than <NUM> (<NUM> pounds), more than <NUM> (<NUM> pounds), or more than <NUM> (<NUM> pounds). Prior systems required manual processes to tilt and drain 3D articles. For very large and heavy articles, this is impractical and potentially dangerous to a user of a 3D printing system. The angular tilt is at least <NUM> degrees, at least <NUM> degrees, at least <NUM> degrees, at least <NUM> degrees, or more. The angular tilt can depend upon a geometry and/or weight of a 3D article.

In another implementation, the hook subsystem includes a four bar linkage and an actuator. The four bar linkage includes a hook rotating link coupled to the hook. The actuator is configured to press upon the hook rotating link which in turn rotates the hook from a non-engagement configuration to the engagement configuration.

In yet another configuration, the hook subsystem includes one or more linear and/or rotating actuators coupled to the hook. Actuation of the one or more linear and/or rotating actuators moves the hook from the non-engagement configuration to the engagement configuration.

In a further implementation, the build plate has a lower side with a downwardly extending lip adjacent to a recess. The recess extends upward into the lower side of the build plate. Operating the hook subsystem includes positioning a tip of the hook below the recess. The hook is configured to engage the downwardly extending lip to maintain a vertical position of the proximal end of the build plate relative to the distal end of the build plate during step (d).

In a yet further implementation, the controller is further configured to operate the elevator subsystem to reduce the vertical separation distance until the build plate upper surface is generally horizontal. The hook can be configured to engage an edge of the build plate to push the proximal end of the build plate along the plate support. The distal end of the plate support can include a cam surface. The distal end of the build plate follows the cam surface as the vertical separation distance is varied by the elevator subsystem. In an illustrative embodiment, the cam surface can include a ramp surface that slopes downwardly with a slope of less than <NUM> degrees from the distal end to the proximal end. The ramp surface facilitates raising the distal end of the build plate over a datum without excessive force. The slope can be more than <NUM> degrees, but a lower number reduces a sliding force requirement.

In another implementation, the plate support can include a plurality of upward extending datums configured to engage a lower side of the build plate when the build plate is generally horizontal. The plurality of upward extending datums can include two distal datums spaced apart with respect to an X-axis that is orthogonal to the Y-axis and positioned to engage the lower side of the distal end of the build plate. The plate support can include a pair of cam surfaces that are spaced apart with respect to the X-axis. The distal end of the build plate follows the cam surface along the Y-axis as the vertical separation distance is varied. The cam surface lifts the distal end of the build plate off of the distal datums as the vertical separation distance is increased. The cam surface can include a flat surface that overlays the proximal datums with respect to the Y-axis, the flat surface maintains a spacing of the distal end of build plate above the datums as the distal end of the build plate follows the flat surface; a first ramp that slopes upwardly from the distal end of the plate support to the flat surface; and a second ramp that slopes downwardly away from the flat surface toward the proximal end of the plate support.

In a second aspect of the disclosure, a method according to claim <NUM> for manufacturing a 3D article utilizes a 3D printing system. The 3D printing system includes a resin vessel, a build plate, a plate support, a hook subsystem, an elevator subsystem, and an imaging subsystem. The resin vessel is configured for containing a liquid photocurable resin. The build plate has an upper surface and an opposed lower side. The build plate extends along a Y-axis from a proximal end or edge to a distal end or edge. The plate support supports the build plate. The plate support extends along the Y-axis from a proximal end to a distal end. The proximal and distal ends of the build plate correspond to and overlay the proximal and distal ends of the plate support respectively. The hook subsystem includes a hook. The method includes: (a) Operating the elevator subsystem and the imaging subsystem to progressively lower the upper surface of the build plate into the resin vessel while forming the 3D article onto the upper surface of the build plate, (b) Operating the elevator subsystem to raise the 3D article to a vertical position above a level of photocurable resin in the resin vessel. (c) Operating the hook subsystem to move the hook from a non-engagement configuration to an engagement configuration, in the engagement configuration the hook is positioned for engagement with the proximal end of the build plate. (d) Operating the elevator subsystem to impart a vertical separation distance between the proximal end of the build plate supported by the hook subsystem and the distal end of the build plate supported by the plate support. The vertical separation distance defines an angular tilt of the build plate and the 3D article to facilitate draining of residual photocurable resin from the 3D article into the resin vessel. The hook can include two hooks that are spatially separated to engage the proximal end of the build plate at spaced part locations.

The apparatus and method of the present disclosure facilitates removal of uncured resin from large and heavy objects formed by stereolithography. Uncured resin is very expensive and can be a health hazard for an operator of a stereolithographic 3D printing system. For smaller objects, the operator can manually unload and drain resin from a 3D article. But for large and heavy objects this may not be practical. The apparatus and method of the present disclosure enables a mechanized method of draining resin to avoid operator injury and to minimize potential operator exposure to residual resin on large and heavy 3D articles.

<FIG> is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a three-dimensional (3D) printing system <NUM> configured for manufacturing a 3D article <NUM>. In describing system <NUM>, mutually orthogonal axes X, Y, and Z will be utilized and otherwise referred to as an X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis. Axes X and Y are lateral axes that are generally horizontal. Axis Z is a vertical axis that is generally aligned with a gravitational reference. The term "generally" implies that a direction or magnitude is not necessarily exact but is by design. Terms such as horizontal, vertical, perpendicular, or aligned are generally by engineering design and intent and are accurate to within manufacturing tolerances.

Manufacturing tolerances may be affected factors such as the type of material being used in constructing a component of a system. Manufacturing tolerances may also be affected by a particular process sequence used in fabricating and assembling parts of a system.

3D printing system <NUM> includes a resin vessel <NUM>, a build plate <NUM>, a plate support <NUM>, a hook subsystem <NUM>, an elevator subsystem <NUM>, an imaging subsystem <NUM>, a coater <NUM>, and a controller <NUM>. Controller <NUM> is electrically and/or controllably coupled to the hook subsystem <NUM>, elevator subsystem <NUM>, imaging subsystem <NUM>, and coater <NUM>.

The resin vessel <NUM>, otherwise known as a vat <NUM>, is configured to contain a large volume of photocurable resin <NUM>. The photocurable resin <NUM> is a liquid polymer resin that includes, inter alia, one or more monomers and one or more catalysts. The photocurable resin <NUM> is configured to polymerize and harden from a liquid state to a solid state during a radiation cure process. The radiation cure process includes radiative exposure of the photocurable resin to blue, violet, and/or ultraviolet radiation. The radiation cure process can utilize radiation having one or more spectral peaks that are preferably optimized for the catalysts. The photocurable resin <NUM> has an upper surface <NUM> which is proximate to a build plane <NUM> when a layer of the photocurable resin <NUM> is cured over the build plate <NUM>.

The build plate <NUM> has an upper surface <NUM> and an opposed lower side <NUM>. The build plate <NUM> extends along the Y-axis from a proximal end <NUM> to a distal end <NUM>. The proximal end <NUM> defines an edge of the build plate <NUM> that is closest to the elevator subsystem <NUM>. The plate support <NUM> extends from a proximal end <NUM> to a distal end <NUM>. The proximal <NUM> and distal <NUM> ends of the plate support <NUM> correspond to and are overlaid by the proximal <NUM> and distal <NUM> ends of the build plate <NUM> respectively. The hook subsystem <NUM> will be discussed infra.

The elevator subsystem <NUM> is configured to raise and lower the plate support <NUM> with respect to the vertical Z-axis. The elevator subsystem <NUM> is also configured to control a vertical separation distance between the plate support <NUM> and the hook subsystem <NUM>. In some embodiments, the hook subsystem <NUM> remains vertically stationary and the vertical separation distance is modulated by raising and lowering the plate support <NUM>. In other embodiments, the elevator subsystem can vertically translate both the plate support <NUM> and the hook subsystem <NUM>.

In a first embodiment, the elevator subsystem <NUM> translates the plate support <NUM> using a motor driven cable and pulley system. In such an embodiment, the motor is stationary and turns a gear that engages a portion of the cable. The cable is stretched over two pulleys. The plate support <NUM> (and/or hook subsystem <NUM>) is attached to the cable. As the motor turns the gear, this has the effect of moving the cable over the pulleys, thus translating the plate support <NUM> (and/or hook subsystem <NUM>) up and down.

In a second embodiment, the elevator subsystem <NUM> includes a motorized lead screw that is threaded into a threaded bearing. The threaded bearing is attached to the plate support <NUM>. A motor fixed in location turns the lead screw and in doing so translates the plate support <NUM> up and down. The first and second embodiments are just two examples of how an elevator subsystem can translate the plate support <NUM> (and possibly the hook support <NUM> independently). Other means of vertical translation are known in the art for 3D printers and stereolithography.

The imaging subsystem <NUM> is configured to impart radiation to the build plane <NUM> to selectively cure a layer of the photocurable resin <NUM> over build plane <NUM>. In one embodiment, the imaging subsystem <NUM> includes a laser reflected in sequence by two galvanometer mirrors so as to scan a laser beam <NUM> over the build plane along the X and Y axes. In another embodiment, the imaging subsystem <NUM> can employ an array of light emitting diodes or lasers that are scanned over the build plane <NUM>. Yet other imaging subsystems can employ light sources and light modulators. The light sources can emit blue, violet, and/or ultraviolet radiation for selectively curing layers of the photocurable resin <NUM>. Various types of imaging subsystems <NUM> are known in the art for stereolithography systems.

The coater <NUM> can include a motorized wiper module. In one embodiment, the wiper module is a rectangular block with a wiper blade that extends downward to build plane <NUM> and along the X-axis. The wiper module is constrained to translate along the Y-axis and can be moved up and down along the Z-axis by a motor or solenoid valve. A belt and pully system translates the wiper module along the Y-axis. The belt is tensioned between two pulleys, one of which is coupled to a motor under control of controller <NUM>. The wiper module is coupled to a portion of the tensioned belt. As the motor rotates a pully, the effect is to translate the wiper module along the Y-axis. Other mechanisms for moving the wiper module are possible, such as a motorized lead screw received into a threaded bearing carried by the wiper module. Various wiper modules are well known in 3D printing including stereolithography.

The controller <NUM> includes a non-transient or non-volatile information storage device <NUM> coupled to a processor <NUM>. The information storage device <NUM> stores software instructions. Execution of the software instructions by the processor <NUM> causes the controller <NUM> to operate components of the 3D printing system <NUM>. In this way, the controller <NUM> is configured to fabricate the 3D article by the following steps: (<NUM>) operate the elevator subsystem <NUM> to position an upper surface <NUM> of the 3D article <NUM> (initially onto upper surface <NUM> of build plate <NUM>) proximate to build plane <NUM>, (<NUM>) operate coater <NUM> (which can include a wiper module which in turn includes a motorized translatable wiper blade) to define a layer thickness of photocurable resin <NUM> over the upper surface <NUM>, (<NUM>) operate the imaging subsystem <NUM> to selectively cure and harden a layer of the photocurable resin <NUM> over the upper surface <NUM>, and repeat (<NUM>)-(<NUM>) to complete a layer-by-layer fabrication of 3D article <NUM>. In some embodiments, the operation includes forming base layers under the 3D article and a scaffold for supporting the 3D article. In referring to the 3D article <NUM>, the scaffold and base layers may be included or excluded in the current disclosure.

<FIG> is an operational flowchart depicting an embodiment of a method <NUM> of manufacturing a 3D article <NUM>. Method <NUM> is also illustrated in figures that follow <FIG>. The controller <NUM> is configured to perform at least part of the method <NUM> including steps <NUM>-<NUM> either automatically or, for some steps, in response to a user input such as pushing a button or inputting a command into a user interface. Some steps such as step <NUM> can be performed either manually or by controller <NUM>.

According to <NUM>, a build plate <NUM> is loaded onto plate support <NUM>. According to <NUM>, various components of system <NUM> are operated by controller <NUM> to fabricate the 3D article <NUM> (which may include a scaffold and/or base layers). An example of step <NUM> has been described supra. The fabricated article can be heavy, weighing over <NUM> (<NUM> pounds), over <NUM> (<NUM> pounds), or over <NUM> (<NUM> pounds).

According to <NUM>, the elevator subsystem <NUM> is operated to raise the plate support <NUM> to a drain position (or initial drain position). This is illustrated in <FIG>, which is an isometric drawing of an embodiment of a portion of 3D printing system <NUM>. The illustrated drain position has the build plate <NUM> above the upper surface <NUM> (<FIG>) of the photocurable resin <NUM> and allows some residual photocurable resin <NUM> to drain into resin vessel <NUM>. In the illustrated embodiment, the elevator subsystem includes a stationary motor coupled to a lead screw. As the lead screw is rotated, the vertical position of the plate support <NUM> is varied according to a rotational direction and magnitude of the lead screw.

According to <NUM>, the elevator subsystem <NUM> is operated to raise the plate support <NUM> to an upper position which is a vertical distance H above the drain position. This is illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG> which are isometric and side views respectively. In this state, the hook subsystem <NUM> is in a non-engagement (5A) configuration. <FIG> is detail <NUM> taken from <FIG> illustrating the hook subsystem <NUM> including hook <NUM>. The hook subsystem <NUM> includes a four bar linkage <NUM> which includes hook rotating link <NUM>. At this upper position, the plate support <NUM> is generally at a same vertical position as the four bar linkage <NUM>.

According to <NUM>, the hook subsystem <NUM> is operated to rotate the hook <NUM> to an engagement (6A) configuration or position. This is illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>. In the illustrated embodiment, the hook <NUM> is in an engagement position. In the engagement position, an upstanding tip <NUM> of hook <NUM> is positioned below the proximal end <NUM> of the build plate <NUM>. <FIG> is a side detail view of one hook, but it is to be understood there are two such hooks <NUM> that are spaced part along the axis X. Thus two hooks <NUM> are configured to engage the proximal end <NUM> of the build plate <NUM>.

To transition from the non-engagement (5A) position of <FIG> to the engagement (6A) position of <FIG> an actuator <NUM> is vertically pressed against a roller <NUM> on the hook rotating link <NUM>. This has the effect of rotating the hook rotating link <NUM> in a counter-clockwise direction which in turn rotates the hook <NUM> in a clockwise direction (in the illustration). The actuator <NUM> can be driven upward and downward by a lead screw, a translating belt drive, or a solenoid valve, to name a few examples any of which can be part of the hook subsystem <NUM>. Controller <NUM> can link to hook subsystem <NUM> to configure hook <NUM> in either the engagement (6A) or non-engagement (5A) position or configuration.

While the illustrated embodiment of hook subsystem <NUM> illustrates a four bar linkage type design, other approaches are possible. Motion of the hook <NUM> can be driven by other devices such as a motorized gear train, linear sliders and actuators, other rotating actuators, motorized lead screws, and other mechanisms.

According to <NUM>, elevator subsystem <NUM> is operated to lower the plate support <NUM> back to the drain position. This imparts a vertical separation distance D between the proximal end <NUM> and the distal end <NUM> of the build plate <NUM>. This is illustrated in <FIG>. The result is an angular tilt of the build plate <NUM> to facilitate draining of residual photocurable resin <NUM> into the resin vessel <NUM>. The distance D correlates with H but is generally slightly less. The actual magnitude of D may depend on aspects or factors like a lateral dimension of the build plate <NUM> and weight of the 3D article <NUM> and possibly other factors.

According to <NUM>, elevator subsystem <NUM> is operated to raise the plate support <NUM> back to the upper position. In this position, the build plate <NUM> is horizontal again as illustrated in <FIG>. According to <NUM>, the hook subsystem <NUM> is operated to rotate hook <NUM> to a non-engagement position as illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>. This can be accomplished by lowering the actuator <NUM>. Finally the build plate <NUM> and 3D article <NUM> can be unloaded according to <NUM>.

The illustrative embodiment of <FIG> depict the build plate <NUM> being tilted when the hook <NUM> is engaging the proximal end <NUM> and the plate support <NUM> is lowered. Other variations are possible. For example, a modified elevator mechanism <NUM> could raise the hook <NUM> up the distance H while the plate support <NUM> remains stationary to accomplish the same result. Thus, there are design-based variations as to how the elevator subsystem <NUM> imparts and varies a vertical separation between the hook subsystem <NUM> and the plate support <NUM>.

The flowchart and illustrations of <FIG> have provided an introduction to the structure and operation of a mechanism for raising, lowering, and tilting the build plate <NUM> with the attached 3D article <NUM>. What follows are some additional useful details of the mechanism and operation for particular embodiments.

<FIG> illustrates an overlay of the build plate <NUM> (transparent so as to see features below) over the plate support <NUM>. The plate support <NUM> includes a pair of support beams <NUM> that are spaced apart in X and support a plurality of upward extending datums <NUM> that engage the lower side <NUM> of the build plate <NUM>. The support beams <NUM> also support lateral constraints <NUM> that provide a lateral constraint for the build plate <NUM> along the X and Y axes. The plurality of datums <NUM> include two datums <NUM> that support the proximal end <NUM> of the build plate <NUM> and two datums <NUM> that support the distal end <NUM> of build plate <NUM>.

<FIG> is a side view depicting the build plate <NUM> supported by plate support <NUM>. The proximal end <NUM> of plate support <NUM> includes upstanding datums <NUM> supporting the proximal end or edge <NUM> of build plate <NUM>. The distal end <NUM> of plate support <NUM> includes upstanding datums <NUM> supporting the distal end or edge <NUM> of build plate <NUM>. As shown, datums <NUM> engage lower side <NUM> of build plate <NUM>.

<FIG> is a side view of the distal end <NUM> of the plate support <NUM>. In addition to the upstanding datums <NUM>, the distal end <NUM> includes a cam surface <NUM>. The cam surface <NUM> has three sections including a first ramp <NUM>, a flat surface <NUM>, and a second ramp <NUM>. In the illustrated embodiment, the first ramp <NUM> slopes upward along a +Y direction from the distal <NUM> end toward the proximal end <NUM> with a slope defining a ramp angle that is about <NUM> degrees relative to the horizontal Y-axis. The flat surface <NUM> extends above the datum <NUM>. The second ramp <NUM> slopes downwardly along the +Y direction with a slope defining a ramp angle that is less than <NUM> degrees relative to the Y-axis. The slopes of ramps <NUM> and <NUM> are not critical and can vary as desired. A lower magnitude for the slope reduces a force required to slide the distal end <NUM> of the build plate <NUM> over the cam surface <NUM> as the distal end <NUM> is being raised.

<FIG> is a detailed side view depicting engagement of hook <NUM> with the proximal end <NUM> of the build plate <NUM> during step <NUM> of method <NUM>. The proximal end <NUM> includes a downward extending lip <NUM> with an inside edge <NUM> bordering a recess <NUM> in the lower side <NUM> of build plate <NUM>. The upstanding tip <NUM> of hook <NUM> enters recess <NUM> and then engages inside edge <NUM> of lip <NUM> to maintain a height of the proximal end <NUM> as the distal end <NUM> of build plate <NUM> is lowered during step <NUM>.

<FIG> and <FIG> are side views that depict the engagement of the distal end <NUM> of build plate <NUM> with cam surface <NUM> during step <NUM> or step <NUM> of method <NUM>. During steps <NUM> and <NUM>, the distal end <NUM> follows (slides along under a gravitational force) the cam surface <NUM>. As step <NUM> begins, the cam surface <NUM> engages and lifts the distal end <NUM> off of the datums <NUM>. Then the illustration of <FIG> depicts how the flat surface <NUM> of cam surface <NUM> maintains a clearance between the distal end <NUM> and the datums <NUM>. Referring to <FIG>, a gradual slope of the second ramp <NUM> facilitates pushing the distal end <NUM> back toward datums <NUM> during step <NUM>.

Claim 1:
A system (<NUM>) for manufacturing a three-dimensional (3D) article (<NUM>) comprising:
a resin vessel (<NUM>) configured for containing a photocurable resin (<NUM>);
a build plate (<NUM>) having an upper surface (<NUM>) extending along a Y-axis from a proximal end (<NUM>) to a distal end (<NUM>);
a plate support (<NUM>) supporting the build plate (<NUM>) and extending along the Y-axis from a proximal end (<NUM>) corresponding to the proximal end (<NUM>) of the build plate (<NUM>) to a distal end (<NUM>) corresponding to the distal end (<NUM>) of the build plate (<NUM>);
a hook subsystem (<NUM>) having a hook (<NUM>);
an elevator subsystem (<NUM>);
an imaging subsystem (<NUM>);
a controller (<NUM>) configured to:
(a) operate the elevator subsystem (<NUM>) and the imaging subsystem (<NUM>) to progressively lower the upper surface (<NUM>) of the build plate (<NUM>) into the resin vessel (<NUM>) while forming the 3D article (<NUM>) above the upper surface (<NUM>) of the build plate (<NUM>);
(b) operate the elevator subsystem (<NUM>) to raise the 3D article (<NUM>) to a vertical position above a level of photocurable resin (<NUM>) in the resin vessel (<NUM>);
(c) operate the hook subsystem (<NUM>) to move the hook (<NUM>) from a non-engagement configuration to an engagement configuration, in the engagement configuration the hook (<NUM>) is positioned for engagement with the proximal end (<NUM>) of the build plate (<NUM>);
(d) operate the elevator subsystem (<NUM>) to impart a vertical separation distance between the proximal end (<NUM>) of the build plate (<NUM>) supported by the hook subsystem (<NUM>) and the distal end (<NUM>) of the build plate (<NUM>) supported by the plate support (<NUM>), the vertical separation distance provides an angular tilt of the build plate (<NUM>) and the 3D article (<NUM>) to facilitate draining of residual photocurable resin (<NUM>) from the 3D article (<NUM>) into the resin vessel (<NUM>).