Patent Description:
Any discussion of the prior art in the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that the prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field. Examples of prior art documents that offer further background information for understanding the present invention, are the patent documents <CIT> and <CIT>.

The installation of solar panel arrays on residential roofs can be arduous and time-consuming. Depending on the array design, the components required to install the array can make the installation process even more difficult. This is particularly true when the components must be installed on a roof that links to a rail guide structure for supporting the solar panel array. Within this type of structure, it is desirable to provide electrical connectivity between each rail guides.

One method that solar panel modules may be secured to a residential roof structure is by providing parallel rows of rail guides that are secured to the roof. Solar panel modules are then placed on top of the array of rail guides, and are then mechanically coupled to the top of the rail guides. There are several ways employed in the prior art to secure the solar panel modules to the array guides. As shown in <FIG> and two, end clamps and mid-clamps are typically placed between or at the ends of adjacent solar panel modules and are then clamped together by tightening the clamp between a slot on top of the rail guide and the top of the solar panel module. In some instances, the clamps are electrically coupled between the rail guide and the solar panel module so that an electrical path can exist between all of the electrical components that connect to the solar panel array, and the rail guides themselves.

One of the limitations of using end clamps and mid-clamps is that it can be time-consuming to align the clamps between the slots in the rail guides with the top surfaces of the solar panel modules. Another limitation is that in order to tighten the end clamps and mid-clamps, additional tools are typically required. Since standard end clamps are external to an array, placed on the outside of the solar panel module, they require additional length of rail to be secured beyond the module frame. This results in extra segments of rails that protrude from the array as well as hardware that is visible from a distance.

It would be desirable to provide an apparatus that can both easily secure solar panel modules to rail guides, electrically bond the solar panel modules to the rail guides, and complete the task without the use of additional tools.

The present invention overcomes these limitations and offers a solution that provides an easy-to-use clamp that can secure and electrically bond a solar panel module to a rail guide, without using additional tools, and all while hiding the clamp from plain view of the solar panel array making it more aesthetically pleasing to anyone viewing the solar panel array on a given roof. The apparatus is also simple to manufacture. In an alternate embodiment, the present invention offers a dual-handle version of the same apparatus that enables a user additional flexibility in securing a solar panel module to a rail guide from either side of a rail guide.

The invention is summarized below only for purposes of introducing embodiments of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims that are appended to this description. In particular, the invention is defined by the subject-matter of the independent claims <NUM> and <NUM> as appended.

It is an object of this invention to provide an assembly for joining and electrically bonding a solar panel to a solar panel rail guide that requires no tools to install and is hidden from plain view within the solar panel array.

It is a further object of this invention that the assembly comprise a clamp with front and rear ends, with a channel in the front end that houses a post structure with a shaft between a top and bottom washer on each side of the post structure and a spring coupled between the two end washers, such that the spring rests between a base of the channel and the top washer.

It is a further object of this invention that the bottom washer is configured to fit within, and move along, a channel of the solar panel rail guide.

It is a further object of this invention that the bottom washer comprises at least one serration on its top surface configured to penetrate the surface layer of a solar panel rail guide channel.

It is a further object of this invention that the bottom surface of the clamp comprises at least one raised portion that extends downward from the surface of the clamp and is configured to penetrate the surface layer of a solar panel.

It is a further object of this invention that the top washer is coupled to the shaft and is configured to compress the spring when the rear end of the handle is moved to a locked position.

It is a further object of the present invention that each raised portion may be removed from the clamp.

It is a further object of the present invention that the spring comprises. one or more disc springs configured to create a clamping force when compressed and provide flexibility to accommodate various module frame geometries.

It is a further object of the present invention that rear end of the handle is configured to provide tactile feedback when the handle is moved into a locked position, and when the bottom washer is within a top channel of a solar panel rail guide.

It is a further object of the present invention that the clamp may also comprise a first and second handle each extending outward from the front end, each of the first and second handles further comprising a rear end.

A person with ordinary skill in the relevant art would know that any shape or size of the elements described below may be adopted.

A more complete understanding of the present invention may be derived by referring to the detailed description and claims when considered in connection with the following illustrative figures. In the following figures, like reference numbers refer to similar elements and steps throughout the figures.

In the following description, and for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are provided to thoroughly understand the various aspects of the invention.

In other instances, known structures and devices are shown or discussed. More generally in order to avoid obscuring the invention. In many cases, a description of the operation is sufficient to enable one to implement the various forms of the invention, particularly when the operation is to be implemented in software. It should be noted that there are many different and alternative configurations, devices and technologies to which the disclosed embodiments may be applied.

One method that solar panel modules may be secured to a residential roof structure is shown in <FIG>. In <FIG>, a solar panel array configuration <NUM> is shown installed on roof <NUM>. The solar panel array includes several solar panel modules <NUM> that are arranged and secured to several rail guides <NUM> that are arranged in a parallel fashion across the roof <NUM>. In this configuration, the rail guides <NUM> are coupled to roof attachments <NUM>. The solar panel modules <NUM> are then secured to the roof attachments <NUM> by using end clamps <NUM> and mid-clamps <NUM>. In this exemplary configuration of the prior art, the end clamps <NUM> and mid-clamps <NUM> provide a means to electrically couple the rail guide <NUM> to the solar panel modules <NUM> throughout the entire array <NUM>.

<FIG> shows a front perspective view of an exemplary universal end clamp <NUM>. The clamp <NUM> is generally in the shape of a handle <NUM> that extends from the front end <NUM> to the back end <NUM>. In this embodiment, the front end <NUM> is generally round, but can be other suitable shapes as long as it can cover a portion of a bottom flange <NUM> of a solar panel module as shown in <FIG>. In this exemplary embodiment, the bottom of the front end <NUM> includes a channel <NUM>. The channel <NUM> includes a base <NUM> as shown in <FIG> and <FIG>. Within the channel <NUM>, a post structure <NUM> fits within the channel <NUM> at a sufficient distance from the edge of the front end <NUM>, typically in its center, to allow the front end <NUM> to cover a sufficient portion of the bottom flange <NUM> when it is in the locked position shown in <FIG>. The post structure <NUM> comprises a bottom washer <NUM> and a shaft <NUM> that extends upward along and is secured by a top washer <NUM>, typically at a threaded end of the shaft <NUM>. The bottom washer <NUM> typically has a diameter that is larger than the shaft <NUM> includes one or more serrations <NUM>.

<FIG> shows a bottom perspective view of the clamp <NUM>. At the backend <NUM>, the bottom of the backend typically tapers toward a level that includes an extension <NUM>. The bottom surface of the front end <NUM> is typically at a lower plane than the extension <NUM>. This enables the handle <NUM> to snap or lock into place on the top channel <NUM> of the mounting rail <NUM> when the handle is rotated into a locked position as shown below in <FIG> and will be discussed further below. The bottom of the front end <NUM> includes at least one raised portion such as a bonding pin <NUM> so that the surface of the bonding pin <NUM> extends outward from the bottom surface of the front end <NUM>. The bottom washer <NUM> also includes an optional tool feature <NUM> for assembly to the top washer <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates an exploded view of the channel <NUM> and the front and <NUM>. Bonding pins <NUM> may be separate pins as shown or any component coupled to the clamp body and including sharp features intended to create an electrical bonding path. They may be positioned, press-fit (as shown), or may include threaded portion to be screwed into a female threaded portion on the bottom surface of the front end <NUM> although any suitable manner of connecting the bonding pins <NUM> is acceptable. Their design and orientation may also provide resistance to lateral forces, keeping the module from sliding under loading. <FIG> show the details of the post structure <NUM>. The post structure <NUM> shows the shaft <NUM> extending upward from the bottom washer <NUM>. At the end opposite the bottom washer <NUM>, the post includes a male threaded portion <NUM> for coupling to the female threaded portion <NUM> of the top washer <NUM> by rotating the top washer <NUM> or the post structure <NUM> into a tightened position. To provide additional tautness or rigidity when securing the clamp <NUM>, the post structure <NUM> may also include a series of disc springs <NUM> or washers are shown stacked in a configuration to create a spring force and deflection range. Each of the springs <NUM> is in the shape of a cone with a central opening <NUM>. When assembled, the springs <NUM> are placed against each other so that the tapered central opening <NUM> of the first spring <NUM> faces up and is coupled to the second spring <NUM> with the tapered central opening facing down. This is repeated for each successive pair of springs <NUM>. Although six disc springs <NUM> are used in this exemplary embodiment, other types of springs, more or less disc springs like washers such as Belleville washers, or disc springs in different configurations (stacked, alternating, or both) can create a different spring force or different deflection range. This allows for the clamp to fit on different frame thicknesses.

<FIG> shows a cross-sectional side view of the clamp <NUM>. As shown the shaft <NUM> is inserted through the channel <NUM> and through the central openings <NUM> of the springs <NUM> so that the male threaded portion <NUM> can be rotatably coupled to the female threaded portion <NUM> of the top washer <NUM>. When assembled in this fashion, the springs <NUM> rest on the channel base <NUM> and compress the washers <NUM> forming a spring function as the top washer <NUM> is tightened or lowered along the shaft <NUM> of the post structure <NUM>. The extension <NUM> on the backend <NUM> is positioned slightly lower than the bottom surface of the front end <NUM>. <FIG>, and <FIG> show top, side, front, and bottom-perspective views respectively of the clamp <NUM>.

<FIG> show the steps of using the clamp <NUM>. <FIG> show a front perspective view and a top view respectively of the clamp <NUM> before it is engaged with a typical solar panel rail guide <NUM>. The rail guide <NUM> is typically made of an electrically conducting material that has a surface oxidation layer and is connected to a roof attachment <NUM> on its lower end <NUM> so the rail guide <NUM> is secured lengthwise across a roof as shown in <FIG>. The top of the rail guide <NUM> includes two side flanges <NUM> that form a slot or top channel <NUM>.

The bottom washer <NUM> of the clamp <NUM> is first inserted into the opening of the top channel <NUM> of the rail guide <NUM> as shown in <FIG>. The bottom washer <NUM> should be of a suitable width/diameter so that it can freely move along the slot <NUM>, and the shaft <NUM> should be of a suitable width/diameter so that it is less than the width of the top channel <NUM>, but greater than the width of the opening formed along the two side flanges <NUM> so that it can both freely move through the top channel <NUM> and engage the bottom surface of the two side flanges <NUM>.

Once the clamp <NUM> is positioned along the rail guide <NUM>, an exemplary solar panel module <NUM> is positioned perpendicularly on the top of the side flanges <NUM> of the rail guide <NUM> as shown in <FIG> illustrates a front perspective view with a transparent view of the rear wall <NUM> and <FIG> illustrates a top view of the image in <FIG> showing the solar panel module <NUM> that further comprises a bottom flange <NUM> and the top panel <NUM> (shown in Fig..

The bottom flange <NUM> typically comprises an electrically conducting material with a surface oxidation layer. Once the solar panel module <NUM> is positioned along the top of the side flanges <NUM> of the rail guide <NUM>, the clamp <NUM> is moved toward the solar panel module <NUM> as shown in <FIG> so that the front end <NUM> of the clamp <NUM> is covering a portion of the bottom flange <NUM> of the solar panel module <NUM> as shown in <FIG>. This typically occurs by moving the clamp <NUM> so that the shaft <NUM> directly contacts the edge of the bottom flange <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG> and <FIG>, once in position, the back end <NUM> of the clamp <NUM> is rotated to a locked position, which is the position when the entire length of the clamp <NUM> rests directly over the top of the side flanges <NUM> on rail guide <NUM> on top of the side flanges <NUM>. The clamp <NUM> may be rotated in either direction. Ramps <NUM> and <NUM> on the underside of the clamp <NUM> and back end <NUM> respectively can make the rotation easier. A side view of the images in <FIG> and <FIG> is shown in <FIG>. In <FIG>, one can see that the extension <NUM> is at a lower planar level than the bottom surface of the front end <NUM>. This enables the extension <NUM> to snap into place and create a downward compression force on the bottom surface of the front end <NUM> and the back end <NUM> of the clamp <NUM>. The snap also provides tactile feedback to the installer that the clamp <NUM> is secured. The compression force at the front end <NUM> firmly engages the bottom surface with the bottom flange <NUM> securing it in place when the extension <NUM> is firmly engaged on top of the side flanges <NUM>. <FIG> illustrates a top perspective view of a solar panel module <NUM> being secured by multiple clamps <NUM> across a pair of rail guides <NUM>.

A more detailed illustration of the front end of the assembly is shown in <FIG> that demonstrates what occurs when the rear end <NUM> of the clamp <NUM> is rotated into the locked position as shown in <FIG>. <FIG> show a cross section of the front end <NUM> after the clamp <NUM> is rotated into the locked position on thin (<FIG>) and thick (<FIG>) module flanges <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, the bottom washer <NUM> rests in the top channel <NUM>, the bottom surface of the front end is engaged with the bottom flange <NUM>, and the springs <NUM> are partially compressed. <FIG> shows what occurs when the module flange <NUM> is thicker. The springs <NUM> compress to a more flattened position allowing the front end to move upward to accommodate the thicker flange <NUM>. The serrations <NUM> of the bottom washer <NUM> penetrate the oxidation layer on the bottom surfaces of the side flanges <NUM> and electrically bond the bottom washer <NUM> to the rail guide <NUM> as shown in further detail in <FIG>. The bonding pins <NUM> on the bottom surface of the front end <NUM> penetrate the oxidation layer of the bottom flange <NUM> and electrically bond the clamp <NUM> to the solar panel module <NUM> as shown in further detail in <FIG>. The compression of the springs <NUM> along the post structure <NUM> can be adjusted by rotating the top washer <NUM> clockwise along the threaded portion <NUM> of the shaft <NUM>. They can also be locked into position in manufacturing so that the installer never has to adjust anything.

An alternate exemplary embodiment of the clamp <NUM> is shown in <FIG>. Referring to the front perspective and top views in <FIG> respectively, a dual-handle clamp <NUM> is shown. The dual-handle clamp <NUM> has similar characteristics of the clamp <NUM>. The clamp <NUM> shaped generally like a boomerang with first and second handles <NUM> and <NUM> extending outward from a front end <NUM> that forms a corner of the clamp <NUM> at approximately <NUM>-degree angles from each other. The first handle <NUM> has a back end <NUM>, and the second handle <NUM> has a back end <NUM>. Handles <NUM> and <NUM> are identical, but with mirrored features across line A-A in <FIG>. Just like the clamp <NUM>, the front end <NUM> includes a channel <NUM> (shown in <FIG>) that is identical to the channel <NUM>. The same post structure <NUM> used in clamp <NUM> is connected to the top washer <NUM> through the channel <NUM> as shown and is assembled using the same optional springs <NUM> to form a spring structure through the channel <NUM> as that used in the channel <NUM> of the clamp <NUM> as shown in <FIG>, which illustrates how the post structure <NUM>, the top washer <NUM>, and the springs <NUM> are assembled in the channel <NUM>.

Referring to side view <FIG>, the second handle <NUM> is shown. The back end <NUM> further includes an extension <NUM> that extends downward from the bottom of the rear end. As shown in the bottom view <FIG>, the front end <NUM> in this exemplary embodiment is beveled slightly upward so that it will fit over the bottom flange <NUM> of the solar panel module <NUM>. The back end <NUM> of the first handle <NUM> also includes an extension <NUM>, as does the back end <NUM> of the second handle <NUM> with an extension <NUM>. These extensions <NUM> and <NUM> extend downward and allow each of the back ends <NUM> and <NUM> to snap onto the top channel <NUM> of the rail guide <NUM>. Ramps <NUM> and <NUM> near the extensions <NUM> and <NUM> can make the rotation easier. Several bonding pins <NUM> and <NUM> are also secured to the bottom surface of the clamp <NUM>. In this exemplary embodiment, two bonding pins <NUM> are shown at the front end <NUM> of the clamp <NUM>, and two bonding pins <NUM> toward the rear of the handles <NUM> and <NUM> respectively, but generally, at least one bonding pin <NUM> is secured to each handle <NUM> and <NUM> just as described for the front end <NUM> of the clamp <NUM>. The bonding pins <NUM> and <NUM> are typically located along the edge of the bottom surface of the clamp <NUM>.

<FIG> show the steps of using the clamp <NUM>. <FIG> show a front perspective view and a top view respectively of the clamp <NUM> before it is engaged with the solar panel rail guide <NUM>. The steps are the same as those used to secure clamp <NUM> to the rail guide <NUM>.

The bottom washer <NUM> of the clamp <NUM> is first inserted into the front opening <NUM> of the top channel <NUM> of the rail guide <NUM> as shown in <FIG>. As the bottom washer <NUM> is inserted into the top channel <NUM>, the first handle <NUM> and second handle <NUM> should generally face away from the front opening <NUM> as illustrated.

Once the clamp <NUM> is positioned along the rail guide <NUM>, just as described for the clamp <NUM>, the solar panel module <NUM> is positioned perpendicularly on the top of the side flanges <NUM> of the rail guide <NUM> as shown in <FIG> illustrates a front perspective view with a transparent view of the rear wall <NUM> and <FIG> illustrates a top view of the image in <FIG> showing the solar panel module <NUM> that further comprises a bottom flange <NUM> and the top panel <NUM> (shown in <FIG>). Once the solar panel module <NUM> is positioned along the top of the side flanges <NUM> of the rail guide <NUM>, the front end <NUM> of the clamp <NUM> is moved toward the solar panel module <NUM> as shown in <FIG> so that the front end <NUM> of the clamp <NUM> is covering a portion of the bottom flange <NUM> of the solar panel module <NUM> as shown in <FIG>. This typically occurs by moving the clamp <NUM> so that the shaft <NUM> directly contacts the edge of the bottom flange <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, once in position, either the back end <NUM> on the first handle <NUM>, or the back end <NUM> of the second handle <NUM> of the clamp <NUM> is rotated to a locked position, which is when the entire length of either the first handle <NUM> or the second handle <NUM> of the clamp <NUM> rests directly over the top of the side flanges <NUM> on rail guide <NUM>. Just as with the clamp <NUM>, one can see that the extensions <NUM> and <NUM> are at a lower planar level than the bottom surface of the front end <NUM>. This enables the extensions <NUM> and <NUM> to snap into place and create a downward compression force on the bottom surface of the front end <NUM> and either of the back ends <NUM> or <NUM> of the clamp <NUM>. The snap also provides tactile feedback to the installer that the clamp <NUM> is secured. The compression force at the front end <NUM> firmly engages the bottom surface with the bottom flange <NUM> securing it in place when either the extension <NUM> or <NUM> are firmly engaged on top of the side flanges <NUM>. The clamp <NUM> can be rotated in either direction. A difference between the install of the single-handle clamp <NUM> vs. the dual-handle clamp <NUM> is that the single-handle generally involves a pushing action to move the clamp <NUM> into the locked position, and the dual-handle clamp <NUM> generally involves a pulling action to move it into a locked position. Multiple clamps <NUM> can be assembled similar to the clamps <NUM> shown in <FIG>, which illustrates a top perspective view of a solar panel module <NUM> being secured by multiple clamps <NUM> across a pair of rail guides <NUM>.

A detailed illustration of the front end of the assembly is shown in <FIG> that demonstrates what occurs when either of the back ends <NUM> or <NUM> of the clamp <NUM> is rotated into the locked position as shown in <FIG>. The steps and results of the rotation to the locked position are very similar to what occurs when the clamp <NUM> is rotated to the locked position. <FIG> show a cross section of the front end <NUM>, which has essentially the same structure as the front end <NUM> of clamp <NUM>, before and after the clamp <NUM> is rotated into the locked position. As shown in <FIG>, the bottom washer <NUM> rests in the top channel <NUM>, the bottom surface of the front end <NUM> is engaged with the bottom flange <NUM>, and the springs <NUM> are partially compressed to create a clamping force on flange <NUM>. <FIG> shows what occurs on a thicker flange <NUM>. The springs <NUM> compress to a more flattened position while the spring force resists and pulls the front end <NUM> upward to accommodate the thicker flange <NUM>. The serrations <NUM> of the bottom washer <NUM> penetrate the oxidation layer on the bottom surfaces of the side flanges <NUM> and electrically bond the bottom washer <NUM> to the rail guide <NUM> as shown in further detail in <FIG>. The bonding pins <NUM> on the bottom surface of either handle <NUM> or <NUM> penetrate the oxidation layer of the bottom flange <NUM> and electrically bond the clamp <NUM> to the solar panel module <NUM> as shown in further detail in <FIG>. The bonding pins <NUM> on either handle <NUM> or <NUM> may also penetrate the top surface of the side flanges <NUM> to provide additional electrical bonding. The compression of the springs <NUM> along the post structure <NUM> can be adjusted by rotating the top washer <NUM> clockwise along the threaded portion <NUM> of the shaft <NUM>. or secured in manufacturing to simplify the process for the installer.

<FIG> illustrates a top view of a universal end clamp <NUM>, which is an alternate exemplary embodiment of the clamp <NUM>. The clamp <NUM> comprises handle <NUM> with back end <NUM>, and front end <NUM>. The front end <NUM> is generally curved, but can be of other suitable shapes as well. A top end <NUM> of a post structure <NUM> is shown, although the top end <NUM> does not have to be visible along the top surface of the clamp <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates a side view of the clamp <NUM> and further shows the extension <NUM> that extends downward from the back end <NUM>. Raised portions <NUM>, typically bonding pins configured to penetrate a surface oxidation layer of a bottom flange <NUM> on the solar panel <NUM> and create an electrical bond are also shown. At least one is present on the bottom surface of the front end <NUM>. The post structure <NUM> is also shown and comprises a bottom washer <NUM> that includes serrations <NUM> on the top surface of the bottom washer <NUM>. The serrations <NUM> are configured to penetrate the surface oxidation layer of the side flanges <NUM> of the solar panel rail guide <NUM> and create an electrical bond. A shaft <NUM> typically extends upward from the top surface of the bottom washer <NUM> and is coupled to the clamp <NUM> at top end <NUM>. The post structure <NUM> can be coupled in any suitable manner such as using a threaded top end into a threaded opening on the bottom of the clamp <NUM>, or it can be molded as part of the clamp <NUM>. <FIG> illustrate other views of the clamp <NUM>.

The installation of the clamp <NUM> operates in the same fashion to the clamp <NUM> as shown in <FIG>. In this alternate exemplary embodiment, however, the post structure <NUM> does not include a spring structure like that in clamp <NUM>. When the rear end <NUM> of the clamp <NUM> is rotated into the locked position as shown for clamp <NUM> in <FIG>, the bottom washer <NUM> rests in the top channel <NUM>, the bottom surface of the front end is engaged with the bottom flange <NUM>, and the serrations <NUM> of the bottom washer <NUM> penetrate the oxidation layer on the bottom surfaces of the side flanges <NUM> and electrically bond the bottom washer <NUM> to the rail guide <NUM> as shown in further detail in <FIG>. The bonding pins <NUM> on the bottom surface of the front end <NUM> penetrate the oxidation layer of the bottom flange <NUM> and electrically bond the clamp <NUM> to the solar panel module <NUM> like the clamp <NUM> or <NUM> without the spring as shown in detail in <FIG>. They can also be locked into position in manufacturing so that the installer never has to adjust anything.

Claim 1:
A clamp (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) for joining and electrically bonding a solar panel to a solar panel rail guide comprising:
A. a handle (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) comprising:
i. a front end (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), and
ii. at least one rear end (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>),
iii. the front end (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) comprising a channel (<NUM>, <NUM>) extending between a top surface and a bottom surface of the front end (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), wherein the channel (<NUM>, <NUM>) comprises a base (<NUM>); and
iv. at least one raised portion (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) extending downward from the bottom surface of the front end (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) configured to penetrate a surface layer of the solar panel to provide electrical bonding between the clamp (<NUM>) and the solar panel; and
B. a post structure (<NUM>, <NUM>), comprising:
i. a bottom washer-(<NUM>, <NUM>) further comprising a serration (<NUM>, <NUM>) that extends upward from a top surface on the bottom washer (<NUM>, <NUM>);
ii. a shaft (<NUM>, <NUM>) extending upward through the channel from the bottom washer-(<NUM>, <NUM>);
wherein the post structure (<NUM>, <NUM>) comprises a spring coupled between the top washer (<NUM>) and the base (<NUM>) of the channel (<NUM>, <NUM>);
wherein the channel (<NUM>, <NUM>) houses the post structure (<NUM>, <NUM>) and wherein the serration (<NUM>, <NUM>) faces towards the bottom surface of the front end and is configured to penetrate a surface layer of the solar panel rail guide to provide electrical bonding between the solar panel rail guide and the clamp, such that electrical grounding is provided between the solar panel rail guide, the clamp (<NUM>), and the solar panel.