Patent Description:
Polyolefins, in particular polyethylene and polypropylene are increasingly consumed in large amounts in a wide range of applications, including packaging for food and other goods, fibres, automotive components, and a great variety of manufactured articles. Polyethylene based materials are a particular problem as these materials are extensively used in packaging. Taking into account the huge amount of waste collected compared to the amount of waste recycled back into the stream, there is still a great potential for intelligent reuse of plastic waste streams and for mechanical recycling of plastic wastes.

Generally, recycled quantities of polypropylene on the market are mixtures of both polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), this is especially true for post-consumer waste streams. Moreover, commercial recyclates from post-consumer waste sources are conventionally cross-contaminated with non-polyolefin materials such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polystyrene or non-polymeric substances like wood, paper, glass or aluminum. These cross-contaminations drastically limit final applications of recycling streams such that no profitable final uses remain. Polyolefinic recycling materials, especially from post-consumer waste streams, are a mixture of PE and PP. The better the quality of the recyclate is, the less available it is and the more expensive it is.

Customers that are asking for recyclates require similar stiffness-impact strength as virgin ones. This is also valid for reinforced glass fibre compounds for structural products. The quality issue in recyclates compared to the virgin ones can be to some extent overcome by reinforcing the recyclates, where the reinforcement particles physically bond the dissimilar domains (PP and PE).

Compositions comprising virgin polymers (i.e. polymers used for the first time) and recycled mixed plastics have been studied.

<CIT> describes a process for the preparation of a polyolefin mixture comprising the step (a) of mixing together a base polymeric mixture MB and a polymeric mixture MPR, wherein said mixture MPR is obtained from the recycling of post-consumer plastic materials. Recycled mixed plastics reinforced with glass fibre (GF) have also been studied. For example, recycled PP or PP/PE mixtures have been reinforced with GF or a hybrid GF with other fillers. <CIT> describes a composition containing two or more resins and a glass fiber, comprising: a resin mixture comprising waste polyethylene (PE) and waste polypropylene (PP); a long glass fiber with a length of <NUM> or greater; and a rubber-based resin, wherein the composition comprises, based on <NUM> parts by weight of the resin mixture, <NUM>-<NUM> parts by weight of the long glass fiber, <NUM>-<NUM> parts by weight of the rubber-based resin, and <NUM>-<NUM> parts by weight of LDPE.

<CIT> describes structurally-reinforced plastic composite products produced with recycled waste glass fibers and recycled polymer compounds and process for making the same. The reinforced composite article, comprises: a recycled fiberglass collected from waste streams and functioning as a filler, the recycled fiberglass being <NUM>-<NUM>% of a total weight of the reinforced composite article; a colorant of <NUM>-<NUM> % of the total weight of the reinforced composite article; and a recycled resin collected from the waste streams and substantially wetting-out the recycled glass fiber by the black colorant and a chemical binder. The recycled resin comprises at least one of high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) or an engineering grade resin.

<CIT> refers to a glass fiber filler-containing polyolefin composition and article comprising virgin homopolymers and copolymers, <NUM>-<NUM> wt% glass fiber filler; and a compatibilizer.

<CIT> discloses polyolefin compositions comprising polypropylene homopolymer, recycled plastic material and glass fibers.

<NPL>) and <NPL>) use PE/PP recyclate in the form of flakes by Repeat Plastics (Replas) Pty of Australia which was collected from post-consumer and post-industrial plastic waste. The recyclate had tensile modulus of <NUM> MPa. They were reinforced with <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> % GF (length of <NUM> and diameter of <NUM>). A maximum tensile modulus of <NUM> MPa was achieved by <NUM> % GF.

Thus, there are examples of reinforced recyclates with a good tensile modulus and impact strength at the same time. However, it would be of an advantage to provide polyolefin compositions having similar properties as virgin polymers, but comprise also post-consumer recyclate (PCR) to make the final solutions more economically friendly in regard to CO<NUM> footprint.

Thus, it was an object of the invention to provide a polyolefin composition comprising a blend of polyolefin material recovered from waste plastic material and virgin polymer with an improved stiffness-impact strength balance and a high tensile strength.

This object has been achieved by providing a polyolefin composition comprising:.

Accordingly, a polypropylene recyclate of high quality is mixed with a virgin polypropylene homopolymer, a virgin polypropylene block copolymer and glass fibres to obtain a polyolefin composition with excellent mechanical properties, in particular excellent tensile strength and tensile stiffness, while retaining properties of the final composition comparable to virgin polymers.

The present recyclate containing composition is characterized by a high tensile modulus combined with a high tensile stress. The performance of the combination of the different kinds of polymers and recyclates with glass fiber reinforcement is not easily predictable. It is in particular difficult to predict a tensile modulus and tensile stress due to the interaction between the various components. In addition, recyclate polyolefins are typically contaminated with polar polymers (e.g. PA, PET) or other non-POs such as PS or fillers etc., which make an obvious calculation of the final mechanical performance more difficult.

The term "virgin" denotes the newly produced materials and/or objects prior to first use and not being recycled. In case that the origin of the polymer is not explicitly mentioned the polymer is a "virgin" polymer.

For the purposes of the present description and of the subsequent claims, the term "recycled" is used to indicate that the material is recovered from post-consumer waste and/or industrial waste. Namely, post-consumer waste refers to objects having completed at least a first use cycle (or life cycle), i.e. having already served their first purpose and been through the hands of a consumer; while industrial waste refers to the manufacturing scrap which does normally not reach a consumer. In the gist of the present invention "recycled polymers" may also comprise up to <NUM> wt%, preferably up to <NUM> wt%, more preferably up to <NUM> wt% and even more preferably up to <NUM> wt% based on the overall weight of the recycled polymer of other components originating from the first use. Type and amount of these components influence the physical properties of the recycled polymer. The physical properties given below refer to the main component of the recycled polymer.

Mixed plastics is defined as the presence of small amounts of compounds usually not found in virgin polypropylene blends such as polystyrenes, polyamides, polyesters, wood, paper, limonene, aldehydes, ketones, fatty acids, metals, and/or long term decomposition products of stabilizers. Virgin polypropylene blends denote blends as directly originating from the production process without intermediate use. As a matter of definition, "mixed plastics" can be equated with detectable amounts of polystyrene and/or polyamide-<NUM> and/or limonene and/or fatty acids.

The total amount of all virgin polypropylene homopolymers used in the present polyolefin composition adds up according to the invention to a range between <NUM>-<NUM> wt%, preferably between <NUM>-<NUM> wt%, more preferably between <NUM>-<NUM> wt% (based on the overall weight of the polyolefin composition).

The total amount of all virgin polypropylene block copolymers used in the present polyolefin composition adds up according to the invention to a range between <NUM>-<NUM> wt%, preferably between <NUM>-<NUM> wt%, more preferably between <NUM>-<NUM> wt% (based on the overall weight of the polyolefin composition).

The amount of the mixed-plastics polypropylene blend, which is preferably recovered from a waste plastic material derived from post-consumer and/or post-industrial waste, used in the present polyolefin composition is according to the invention in a range between <NUM>-<NUM> wt%, preferably between <NUM>-<NUM> wt%, more preferably between <NUM>-<NUM> wt% (based on the overall weight of the polyolefin composition).

The amount of glass fibers used in the present polyolefin composition is according to the invention in a range between <NUM>-<NUM> wt%, preferably between <NUM>-<NUM> wt%, more preferably between <NUM>-<NUM> wt%, (based on the overall weight of the polyolefin composition).

It is to be understood that further additives may also be included in the polyolefin composition and the sum of all ingredients adds always up to <NUM> wt% in each of the embodiments described herein.

According to an embodiment the present polyolefin composition comprises.

and optionally further additives, wherein the sum of all ingredients adds up to <NUM> wt%.

In an embodiment, the present polyolefin composition is further characterized by a melt flow rate MFR<NUM> (ISO <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of at least <NUM>/<NUM>, preferably at least <NUM>/<NUM>, more preferably at least <NUM>/ <NUM>, in particular in the range between <NUM> and <NUM>/<NUM>, preferably between <NUM> and <NUM>/<NUM>, more preferably between <NUM> and <NUM>/<NUM>.

In another embodiment, the present polyolefin composition is characterized by a tensile modulus (ISO <NUM>-<NUM>) of at least <NUM> MPa, preferably of at least <NUM> MPa, more preferably of at least <NUM> MPa, in particular in a range between <NUM> and <NUM> MPa, more in particular in a range between <NUM> and <NUM> MPa.

In a further embodiment, the present polyolefin composition has a tensile stress at yield at <NUM> (<NUM>/min, ISO <NUM>-<NUM>) of at least <NUM> MPa, preferably of at least <NUM> MPa, more preferably of at least <NUM> MPa, in particular in a range between <NUM> and <NUM> MPa, more in particular in a range between <NUM> and <NUM> MPa.

In still another embodiment, the present polyolefin composition has a tensile stress at break at <NUM> (<NUM>/min, ISO <NUM>-<NUM>) of at least <NUM> MPa, preferably at least <NUM> MPa, more preferably of at least <NUM> MPa, even more preferably of at least <NUM> MPa, in particular in a range between <NUM> and <NUM> MPa, more in particular in a range between <NUM> and <NUM> MPa.

In yet a further embodiment, the present polyolefin composition has an impact strength (ISO179-<NUM>, Charpy 1eA +<NUM>) of at least <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, preferably of at least <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, in particular in a range between <NUM> and <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, more in particular in a range between <NUM> and <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, even more particular in a range between <NUM> and <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>.

In an embodiment of the present polyolefin composition more than one virgin polypropylene homopolymer may be used. However, the use of one virgin polypropylene homopolymer is preferred.

Thus, in an embodiment the present polyolefin composition may comprise.

wherein the at least one first polypropylene homopolymer, and the at least one second polypropylene homopolymer differ from each other in their melt flow rate MFR<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> load, measured according to ISO <NUM>).

Thus, the present polyolefin composition may comprise two virgin polypropylene homopolymers with different melt flow rates. This allows for an easy adjustment of the melt flow rate of the final polyolefin composition.

The polypropylene homopolymer used as virgin homopolymers in the present polyolefin composition is selected from a group comprising.

The properties and features of the different polypropylene homopolymers that may be used in the present polyolefin composition are described in the following.

The at least one polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>) has a melt flow rate MFR<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM>, measured according to ISO <NUM>) in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>, preferably of <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>, more preferably of <NUM>/<NUM>; and a tensile modulus (ISO178) of higher than <NUM> MPa, preferably higher than <NUM> MPa, more preferably of higher than <NUM> MPa.

The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>) has a melting temperature of at least <NUM>; preferably of at least <NUM>, preferably in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>, like <NUM>. The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>) may have a flexural modulus measured according to ISO <NUM> of at least <NUM> MPa, preferably at least <NUM> MPa, preferably in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> MPa, like <NUM> MPa.

A preferred material for polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>) is inter alia commercially available from Borealis AG (Austria) under the name of HD601CF. Alternative suitable materials are high crystallinity polypropylene homopolymers as described for example in <CIT>.

The at least one polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>) has a melt flow rate MFR<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM>, measured according to ISO <NUM>) in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>, preferably of <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>, preferably of <NUM>/<NUM>; and a tensile modulus (ISO <NUM>-<NUM>) of higher than <NUM> MPa, preferably higher than <NUM> MPa, most preferably of <NUM> MPa.

The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>) consists substantially, i.e. of more than <NUM> wt%, still more preferably of at least <NUM> wt%, of propylene units, based on the weight of the propylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>). In a preferred embodiment only propylene units are detectable in the propylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>).

It is appreciated that the polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>) features a low amount of xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction. The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>) may have an amount of xylene cold solubles (XCS) fraction of not more than <NUM> wt%, preferably not more than <NUM> wt%, more preferably not more than <NUM> wt%, like in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> wt%, preferably in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> wt%, more preferably in the range from <NUM> to <NUM> wt%, based on the weight of the polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>).

The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>) may have a heat deflection temperature (HDT) measured according to ISO <NUM>-<NUM> of at least <NUM>. preferably at least <NUM>, more preferably at least <NUM>, like in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>, preferably in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM>.

The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>) may have a Charpy Impact Strength measured according to ISO <NUM>-1eA:at <NUM> of at least <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, preferably, at least <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, like in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, preferably in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, like <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>. The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>) may have a flexural modulus measured according to ISO <NUM> of at least <NUM> MPa, preferably at least <NUM> MPa, like in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> MPa, preferably in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> MPa, like <NUM> MPa.

The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>) may comprise a nucleating agent, which is preferably a polymeric nucleating agent, more preferably an alpha-nucleating agent, e.g. a polymeric alpha-nucleating agent. The alpha-nucleating agent content of the polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>), is preferably up to <NUM> wt%. In a preferred embodiment, the polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>) contains not more than <NUM> ppm, more preferably of <NUM> to <NUM> ppm of alpha-nucleating agent.

The polypropylene homopolymer (PPH-<NUM>) is known in the art and for example commercially available from Borealis AG under the name of HF955MO. The use of PPH-<NUM> is preferred.

The properties and features of the virgin polypropylene block copolymer that may be used in the present polyolefin composition is described in the following.

In an embodiment the at least one polypropylene block copolymer (PBC-<NUM>) has a melt flow rate (<NUM>/<NUM>) of at least <NUM>/<NUM>, preferably of at least <NUM>/<NUM>, in particular in a range between <NUM> and <NUM>/<NUM>, more in particular in a range between <NUM> and <NUM>/<NUM>, such as <NUM>-<NUM> /<NUM>.

The polypropylene block copolymer (PBC-<NUM>) may have a Charpy Notched Impact Strength (NIS) measured according to ISO <NUM>-<NUM> eA at <NUM> of at least <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, preferably, at least <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, like in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, preferably in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, like <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>. The polypropylene block copolymer (PBC-<NUM>) may have a tensile stress at yield measured according to ISO <NUM>-<NUM> of at least <NUM> MPa, preferably at least <NUM> MPa, like in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> MPa, preferably in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> MPa, like <NUM> MPa. The density may be in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>/m<NUM>, preferably in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>/m<NUM>, like <NUM>/m<NUM>.

The polypropylene block copolymer (PBC-<NUM>) is known in the art and for example commercially available from Borealis AG as BA212E.

The mixed-plastics polypropylene blend is obtained from recycled waste stream of post-consumer plastic trash.

Several possible feedstocks from municipal trash collection systems are commercially available and allow providing post-consumer plastic trash. Depending on the participation of the consumer, the purity of those feedstocks will differ which is usually indicated by the collecting systems. It is further possible to screen the intermediate after step b) for the presence of apparently very old ('ancient') mainly colorless / natural plastic articles. Discoloration (e.g. pronounced yellowing) and/or pronounced scratches of the mainly colorless / natural plastic articles allow the sorting. Such step makes it possible to get rid of so-called substances of very high concern. Those substances such as Pb, Hg, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and the like have been banned for quite some time but are still present in the real world as consumers tend to stockpile plastic articles e.g. in the form of plastic toys for many years and eventually throw them away into collection systems. The additional screening step can be assisted by analysis controls for said substances of very high concern.

Odor control and assessment is possible by a number of methods. An overview is provided inter alia by <NPL>.

The mixed-plastics polypropylene blend typically has a melt flow rate (ISO1133, <NUM>; <NUM>) of <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>. The melt flow rate can be influenced by splitting post-consumer plastic waste streams, for example, but not limited to: originating from extended producer's responsibility schemes, like from the German DSD, or sorted out of municipal solid waste into a high number of pre-sorted fractions and recombine them in an adequate way. As a further way of modifying melt flow rate of the final mixed-plastics polypropylene blend peroxides can be introduced in the final pelletization step. Usually MFR ranges from <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>, preferably from <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>, more preferably from <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>, and most preferably from <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>. This MFR range particularly holds for the non-visbroken mixed-plastics polypropylene blend. Visbreaking allows increase of MFR to <NUM>/<NUM> or <NUM>/<NUM>.

Typically, the recycling nature can be assessed by the presence of one or more of the following substances:.

Presence means detectable limits. The detection limit for limonene and fatty acids in solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS) is below <NUM> ppm, i.e. traces of these substances easily allow figuring out recycling nature.

It goes without saying that the amounts of a), b), c) and d) should be as low as possible. In a specifically preferred embodiment the mixed-plastics polypropylene blend is free of polystyrene and is free of polyamide meaning both polymers are below the detection limit.

Different mixed-plastics polypropylene blends may be used.

In one embodiment, the mixed-plastics polypropylene blend (Blend A1) has.

The mixed-plastics polypropylene blend (Blend A1) has preferably a melt flow rate MFR<NUM> (ISO <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of at least <NUM>/<NUM>, preferably at least <NUM>/<NUM>, more preferably at least <NUM>/ <NUM>, in particular in the range between <NUM> and <NUM>/<NUM>, preferably between <NUM> and <NUM>/<NUM>, more preferably between <NUM> and <NUM>/<NUM>.

The crystalline fraction (CF) content determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis of Blend A1 is preferably in the range from <NUM> to <NUM> wt. -% and the soluble fraction (SF) content determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> wt.

The mixed-plastics polypropylene blend (Blend A1) preferably has a soluble fraction (SF) obtained by CRYSTEX QC analysis with a content of ethylene (C2(SF)), as determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by quantitative <NUM>C-NMR spectroscopy, in the range from <NUM> to <NUM> wt%, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM> wt%, even more preferably <NUM> to <NUM> wt% and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM> wt%.

The mixed-plastics polypropylene blend (Blend-A1) is preferably characterized by an odor (VDA270-B3) of <NUM> or lower, preferably <NUM> or lower, more preferably <NUM> or lower, such as <NUM>.

In a further aspect the mixed-plastics polypropylene blend (Blend A1) has a Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear - Non-Linear Factor (LAOS -NLF) (<NUM>; <NUM>%) higher than <NUM>, whereby <MAT> whereby.

The mixed-plastics polypropylene blend (Blend-A1) has a tensile modulus (ISO <NUM>-<NUM> at a cross head speed of <NUM>/min; <NUM>) using injection molded specimens as described in EN ISO <NUM>-<NUM> (dog bone shape, <NUM> thickness) of at least <NUM> MPa, preferably at least <NUM> MPa, such as <NUM> MPa.

The mixed-plastics polypropylene blend (Blend A1) turned out to have processability reflected by a shear thinning factor (STF) being the ratio of eta <NUM> and eta <NUM> of above <NUM>, preferably above <NUM>.

The Charpy notched impact strength (non-instrumented, ISO <NUM>-<NUM> at +<NUM>) of the mixed-plastics polypropylene blend (Blend-A1) is preferably higher than <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, more preferably higher than <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, most preferably higher than <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, such as <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>.

A method of for obtaining a mixed-plastics polypropylene Blend A1 comprises the following steps:.

wherein the order of steps I) and m) can be interchanged, such that the purified polyolefin recycling stream (K) is first aerated to form aerated recycled polyolefin flakes (M2) that are subsequently extruded to form an extruded, preferably pelletized, aerated recycled polyolefin product (M3), which is the polypropylene mixed color blend A1 as described above.

In another embodiment, the mixed-plastics polypropylene blend (Blend A2) has.

The mixed-plastics polypropylene blend (Blend A2) has preferably a melt flow rate MFR<NUM> (ISO <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of at least <NUM>/<NUM>, preferably at least <NUM>/<NUM>, more preferably at least <NUM>/ <NUM>, in particular in the range between <NUM> and <NUM>/<NUM>, preferably between <NUM> and <NUM>/<NUM>, more preferably between <NUM> and <NUM>/<NUM>.

In an embodiment, the crystalline fraction (CF) content determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis of Blend A2 is preferably in the range from <NUM> to <NUM> wt%, preferably <NUM> to <NUM> wt% and the soluble fraction (SF) content determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> wt%, preferably <NUM> to <NUM> wt%.

The mixed-plastics polypropylene blend (Blend A2) preferably has a soluble fraction (SF) obtained by CRYSTEX QC analysis with a content of ethylene (C2(SF)), as determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by quantitative <NUM>C-NMR spectroscopy, in the range from <NUM> to <NUM> wt%, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM> wt%, even more preferably <NUM> to <NUM> wt% and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM> wt%.

The mixed-plastics polypropylene blend (Blend-A2) is preferably characterized by an odor (VDA270-B3) of <NUM> or lower, preferably <NUM>.

In a further aspect the mixed-plastics polypropylene blend has a Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear - Non-Linear Factor (LAOS -NLF) (<NUM>; <NUM>%) higher than <NUM>, whereby <MAT> whereby.

The mixed-plastics polypropylene blend has a tensile modulus (ISO <NUM>-<NUM> at a cross head speed of <NUM>/min; <NUM>) using injection molded specimens as described in EN ISO <NUM>-<NUM> (dog bone shape, <NUM> thickness) of at least <NUM> MPa, preferably at least <NUM> MPa. Usually the tensile modulus (ISO <NUM>-<NUM> at a cross head speed of <NUM>/min; <NUM>) of the second embodiment will not be higher than <NUM> MPa.

The mixed-plastics polypropylene blend turned out to have excellent processability reflected by a shear thinning factor (STF) being the ratio of eta <NUM> and eta <NUM> of above <NUM>, preferably above <NUM>.

The Charpy notched impact strength (non-instrumented, ISO <NUM>-<NUM> at +<NUM>) of the mixed-plastics polypropylene blend is preferably higher than <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, more preferably higher than <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, most preferably higher than <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, such as <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>.

In a specifically preferred embodiment, the mixed-plastics polypropylene blend (Blend A2) has a notched Charpy impact strength (NIS) (1eA) (non-instrumented, ISO <NUM>-<NUM> at +<NUM>) according to ISO <NUM>-<NUM> eA at +<NUM> on injection moulded specimens of <NUM> x <NUM> x <NUM> prepared according to EN ISO <NUM>-<NUM> of at least <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, preferably <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, whereby further said soluble fraction (SF) obtained by CRYSTEX QC analysis has an ethylene content (C2(SF)), as determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by quantitative <NUM>C-NMR spectroscopy, in the range from <NUM> to <NUM> wt% and further preferably the mixed-plastics polypropylene blend has a CIELAB color space (L*a*b) of.

In this specific preferred embodiment, the crystalline fraction (CF) content determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis of Blend A2 is preferably in the range from <NUM> to <NUM> wt% and the soluble fraction (SF) content determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> wt%.

A method of for obtaining a mixed-plastics polypropylene Blend A2 comprises the following steps:.

As mentioned above, the polyolefin composition according to the invention comprises glass fibers, in particular short glass fibers. The glass fibers used in the polyolefin composition according to the invention preferably have an average fiber length in the range of from <NUM> to <NUM>, preferably in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>, even more preferably in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>, still more preferably in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>, even more preferably of <NUM> - <NUM>.

It is further preferred that the short glass fibers used in the fiber reinforced composite preferably have an average diameter of from <NUM> to <NUM>, more preferably from <NUM> to <NUM>, still more preferably <NUM> to <NUM>, even more preferably <NUM>-<NUM>, preferably of <NUM>-<NUM>, preferably <NUM>-<NUM>, more preferably of <NUM>-<NUM>, even more preferably of <NUM>-<NUM>.

In one preferred embodiment glass fibers are used which have a fiber length of <NUM> - <NUM> (average <NUM>), and a fiber diameter of <NUM> - <NUM> (average <NUM>). In another preferred embodiment glass fibers are used which have a fiber length of <NUM> - <NUM> (average <NUM>), and a fiber diameter of <NUM> - <NUM> (average <NUM>).

In an embodiment, the polyolefin composition according to the invention comprises at least one coupling agent. The at least one coupling agent is a functionalized polypropylene, in particular a polypropylene functionalized with maleic anhydride (MAH). The amount of coupling agent in the polyolefin composition may be <NUM>-<NUM> wt%, such as <NUM> wt% or <NUM> wt%.

In one embodiment the polyolefin composition may comprise at least one dosing agent for accepting fillers/pigments during extrusion. The at least one dosing agent may be a polypropylene homopolymer with melt flow rates MFR<NUM> between <NUM> and <NUM>/<NUM>, preferably between <NUM> and <NUM>/<NUM> and a density between <NUM> and <NUM>/m<NUM>, preferably between <NUM> and <NUM>/m<NUM>. Such a polymer is commercially available from Borealis AG. The amount of dosing agent in the polyolefin composition may be <NUM>-<NUM> wt%, such as <NUM>-<NUM> wt%.

In a further embodiment the polyolefin composition may comprise further additives. Examples of additives for use in the composition are pigments or dyes (for example carbon black), stabilizers (anti-oxidant agents), anti-acids and/or anti-UVs, antistatic agents, nucleating agents and utilization agents (such as processing aid agents). Preferred additives are carbon black, at least one antioxidant and/or at least one UV stabilizer.

Generally, the amount of these additives is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> wt%, preferably in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> wt%, more preferably from <NUM> to <NUM> wt% based on the weight of the total composition.

Examples of antioxidants which are commonly used in the art, are sterically hindered phenols (such as <NPL>, also sold as Irganox <NUM> FF™ by BASF), phosphorous based antioxidants (such as <NPL>, also sold as Hostanox PAR <NUM> (FF)™ by Clariant, or Irgafos <NUM> (FF)TM by BASF), sulphur based antioxidants (such as <NPL>, sold as Irganox PS-<NUM> FL™ by BASF), nitrogen-based antioxidants (such as <NUM>,<NUM>'- bis(<NUM>,<NUM>'-dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine), or antioxidant blends. Preferred antioxidants may be Tris (<NUM>,<NUM>-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite and/or Octadecyl <NUM>-(<NUM>',<NUM>'-di-tert. butyl-<NUM>-hydroxyphenyl)propionate.

Anti-acids are also commonly known in the art. Examples are calcium stearates, sodium stearates, zinc stearates, magnesium and zinc oxides, synthetic hydrotalcite (e.g. SHT, <NPL>), lactates and lactylates, as well as calcium stearate (<NPL>) and zinc stearate (<NPL>).

Common antiblocking agents are natural silica such as diatomaceous earth (such as <NPL> (SuperfFloss™), <NPL> (SuperFloss E™), or<NPL> (Celite <NUM>™)), synthetic silica (such as <NPL>, <NPL>, <NPL>,<NPL>,<NPL>, <NPL>, <NPL>, <NPL>, or <NPL>), silicates (such as aluminium silicate (Kaolin) <NPL>, sodium aluminum silicate <NPL> calcined kaolin <NPL>, aluminum silicate <NPL>, or calcium silicate<NPL>), synthetic zeolites (such as sodium calcium aluminosilicate hydrate<NPL>, <NPL>, or sodium calcium aluminosilicate, hydrate <NPL>).

Anti-UVs are, for example, Bis-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetramethyl-<NUM>-piperidyl)-sebacate (<NPL>, Tinuvin <NUM>); <NUM>-hydroxy-<NUM>-n-octoxy-benzophenone (<NPL>, Chimassorb <NUM>). Preferred UV stabilizers may be low and/or high molecular weight UV stabilizers such as n-Hexadecyl- <NUM>,<NUM>-di-t-butyl-<NUM>-hydroxybenzoate, a mixture of esters of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetramethyl-<NUM>-piperidinol and higher fatty acids (mainly stearic acid) and/or Poly((<NUM>-morpholino-s-triazine-<NUM>,<NUM>-diyl)(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-pentamethyl-<NUM>-piperidyl)imino)hexameth-ylene (<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-pentamethyl-<NUM>-piperidyl)imino)).

Alpha nucleating agents like sodium benzoate (<NPL>); <NUM>,<NUM>:<NUM>,<NUM>-bis(<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol (<NPL>, Millad <NUM>).

Suitable antistatic agents are, for example, glycerol esters (<NPL>) or ethoxylated amines (<NPL> or <NPL>) or ethoxylated amides (<NPL>).

Usually these additives are added in quantities of <NUM>-<NUM> ppm for each individual component of the polymer.

In the following, more specific embodiments of the present composition are described.

In a first embodiment a polyolefin composition is provided that comprises.

Such a first polyolefin composition may have.

In a second embodiment a polyolefin composition is provided that comprises.

Such a second polyolefin composition may have.

It is to be noted that depending on the type of mixed-plastics polypropylene blend (i. e Blend A1 or Blend A2,) impact strength, tensile stress at yield and tensile stress at break differ. In particular, using a mixed-plastics polypropylene blend as in Blend A2 improves impact strength, tensile stress at yield and tensile stress at break.

It is appreciated that the present invention also refers to a process for producing the polyolefin compositions as defined herein. The process comprises the steps of.

For the purposes of the present invention, any suitable melting and mixing means known in the art may be used for carrying out the mixing and melting.

However, the melting and mixing step preferably takes place in a mixer and/or blender, high or low shear mixer, high-speed blender, or a twin-screw extruder. Most preferably, the melting and mixing step takes place in a twin-screw extruder such as a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Such twin-screw extruders are well known in the art and the skilled person will adapt the melting and mixing conditions (such as melting temperature, screw speed and the like) according to the process equipment.

The polyolefin composition according to the invention can be used for a wide range of applications, for example for manufacturing structural products, pumps, fans, appliances, automotive parts, pipes and fittings, packaging, caps and closures.

The following Examples are included to demonstrate certain aspects and embodiments of the invention as described in the claims. It should be appreciated by those of skill in the art, however, that the following description is illustrative only and should not be taken in any way as a restriction of the invention.

The crystalline (CF) and soluble fractions (SF) of the polypropylene (PP) compositions as well as the comonomer content and intrinsic viscosities of the respective fractions were analyzed by use of the CRYSTEX instrument, Polymer Char (Valencia, Spain). Details of the technique and the method can be found in literature (<NPL>).

The crystalline and amorphous fractions are separated through temperature cycles of dissolution at <NUM>, crystallization at <NUM> and re-dissolution in <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-trichlorobenzene at <NUM>. Quantification of SF and CF and determination of ethylene content (C2) are achieved by means of an integrated infrared detector (IR4) and for the determination of the intrinsic viscosity (IV) an online <NUM>-capillary viscometer is used.

The IR4 detector is a multiple wavelength detector measuring IR absorbance at two different bands (CH3 stretching vibration (centred at app. <NUM>-<NUM>) and the CH stretching vibration (<NUM>-<NUM>-<NUM>) that are serving for the determination of the concentration and the Ethylene content in Ethylene-Propylene copolymers. The IR4 detector is calibrated with series of <NUM> EP copolymers with known Ethylene content in the range of <NUM> wt. -% to <NUM> wt. -% (determined by 13C-NMR) and each at various concentrations, in the range of <NUM> and <NUM>/ml. To encounter for both features, concentration and ethylene content at the same time for various polymer concentrations expected during Crystex analyses the following calibration equations were applied: <MAT><MAT>.

The constants a to e for equation <NUM> and a to f for equation <NUM> were determined by using least square regression analysis.

The CH<NUM>/1000C is converted to the ethylene content in wt. -% using following relationship: <MAT>.

Amounts of Soluble Fraction (SF) and Crystalline Fraction (CF) are correlated through the XS calibration to the "Xylene Cold Soluble" (XCS) quantity and respectively Xylene Cold Insoluble (XCI) fractions, determined according to standard gravimetric method as per ISO16152. XS calibration is achieved by testing various EP copolymers with XS content in the range <NUM>-<NUM> Wt%. The determined XS calibration is linear: <MAT>.

Intrinsic viscosity (IV) of the parent EP copolymer and its soluble and crystalline fractions are determined with a use of an online <NUM>-capillary viscometer and are correlated to corresponding IV's determined by standard method in decalin according to ISO <NUM>-<NUM>. Calibration is achieved with various EP PP copolymers with IV = <NUM>-<NUM> dL/g. The determined calibration curve is linear: <MAT>.

The samples to be analyzed are weighed out in concentrations of <NUM>/ml to <NUM>/ml. To avoid injecting possible gels and/or polymers, which do not dissolve in TCB at <NUM>, like PET and PA, the weighed out sample was packed into a stainless steel mesh MW <NUM>,<NUM>/D <NUM>,05mmm.

After automated filling of the vial with <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-TCB containing <NUM>/l <NUM>,<NUM>-tert-butyl-<NUM>-methylphenol (BHT) as antioxidant, the sample is dissolved at <NUM> until complete dissolution is achieved, usually for <NUM>, with constant stirring of 400rpm. To avoid sample degradation, the polymer solution is blanketed with the N2 atmosphere during dissolution.

A defined volume of the sample solution is injected into the column filled with inert support where the crystallization of the sample and separation of the soluble fraction from the crystalline part is taking place. This process is repeated two times. During the first injection the whole sample is measured at high temperature, determining the IV[dl/g] and the C2[wt%] of the PP composition. During the second injection, the soluble fraction (at low temperature) and the crystalline fraction (at high temperature) with the crystallization cycle are measured (Wt% SF, Wt% C2, IV).

Quantitative nuclear-magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used for calibration.

Quantitative 13C{<NUM>} NMR spectra were recorded in the solution-state using a Bruker Avance Neo <NUM> NMR spectrometer operating at <NUM> and <NUM> for <NUM> and 13C respectively. All spectra were recorded using a 13C optimized <NUM> extended temperature probe head at <NUM> using nitrogen gas for all pneumatics. Approximately <NUM> of material was dissolved in approximately <NUM> of <NUM>,<NUM>-tetrachloroethane-d2 (TCE-d2) along with approximately <NUM> BHT (<NUM>,<NUM>-di-tert-butyl-<NUM>-methylphenol <NPL>) and chromium-(III)-acetylacetonate (Cr(acac)<NUM>) resulting in a <NUM> solution of relaxation agent in solvent as described in <NPL>.

To ensure a homogenous solution, after initial sample preparation in a heat block, the NMR tube was further heated in a rotatory oven for at least <NUM> hour. Upon insertion into the magnet the tube was spun at <NUM>. This setup was chosen primarily for the high resolution and quantitatively needed for accurate ethylene content quantification. Standard single-pulse excitation was employed without NOE, using an optimised tip angle, <NUM> recycle delay and a bi-level WALTZ16 decoupling scheme as described in <NPL> and <NPL>. A total of <NUM> (<NUM>) transients were acquired per spectra.

Quantitative 13C{<NUM>} NMR spectra were processed, integrated and relevant quantitative properties determined from the integrals. All chemical shifts were indirectly referenced to the central methylene group of the ethylene block (EEE) at <NUM> ppm using the chemical shift of the solvent. This approach allowed comparable referencing even when this structural unit was not present.

Characteristic signals corresponding to the incorporation of ethylene were observed (as described in <NPL>) and the comonomer fraction calculated as the fraction of ethylene in the polymer with respect to all monomer in the polymer: <MAT>.

The comonomer fraction was quantified using the method of <NPL>, through integration of multiple signals across the whole spectral region in the 13C{<NUM>} spectra.

The parameters of the applied static headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS/GC/MS) method are described here.

<NUM> ± <NUM> sample were weighed in a <NUM> HS vial and tightly sealed with a PTFE cap.

The mass spectrometer was operated in scan mode and a total ion chromatogram (TIC) was recorded for each analysis. More detailed information on applicable method parameters and data evaluation are given below:.

- HS parameter (Agilent G1888 Headspace Sampler).

Low shaking
- GC parameter (Agilent 7890A GC System).

- MS parameter (Agilent 5975C inert XL MSD).

The TIC data were further deconvoluted with the aid of AMDIS software (see parameters stated above) and compared to a custom target library which was based on the mass spectral library (NIST). In the custom target library, the respective mass spectra of selected substances (e.g. benzene) were included. Only when the recognised peak showed a minimum match factor of <NUM> and an experienced mass spectroscopist confirmed the match, a substance was accepted as "tentatively identified".

In this study, the statement "below the limit of detection (< LOD)" referred to a condition where either the match factor was below <NUM> (AMDIS) or the peak as such was not even recognised. The results refer solely to the measured samples, time of measurement and the applied parameters.

In the CIE L*a*b* uniform color space, measured according to DIN EN ISO <NUM>-<NUM>, the color coordinates are: L*-the lightness coordinate; a*-the red/green coordinate, with +a* indicating red, and -a* indicating green; and b*-the yellow/blue coordinate, with +b* indicating yellow, and -b* indicating blue. The L*, a*, and b*coordinate axis define the three dimensional CIE color space. Standard Konica/Minolta Colorimeter CM-3700A.

VDA <NUM> is a determination of the odor characteristics of trim-materials in motor vehicles. In this study, the odor is determined following VDA <NUM> (<NUM>) variant B3. The odor of the respective sample is evaluated by each assessor according to the VDA <NUM> scale after lifting the jar's lid as little as possible. The hexamerous scale consists of the following grades: Grade <NUM>: not perceptible, Grade <NUM>: perceptible, not disturbing, Grade <NUM>: clearly perceptible, but not disturbing, Grade <NUM>: disturbing, Grade <NUM>: strongly disturbing, Grade <NUM>: not acceptable. Assessors stay calm during the assessment and are not allowed to bias each other by discussing individual results during the test. They are not allowed to adjust their assessment after testing another sample, either. For statistical reasons (and as accepted by the VDA <NUM>) assessors are forced to use whole steps in their evaluation. Consequently, the odor grade is based on the average mean of all individual assessments, and rounded to whole numbers.

Limonene quantification can be carried out using solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS) by standard addition.

<NUM> ground samples are weighed into <NUM> headspace vials and after the addition of limonene in different concentrations and a glass-coated magnetic stir bar, the vial is closed with a magnetic cap lined with silicone/PTFE. Micro capillaries (<NUM> pL) are used to add diluted limonene standards of known concentrations to the sample. Addition of <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> ng equals <NUM>/kg, <NUM>/kg, <NUM>/kg and <NUM>/kg limonene, in addition standard amounts of <NUM>/kg, <NUM>/kg and <NUM>/kg limonene is used in combination with some of the samples tested in this application. For quantification, ion-<NUM> acquired in SIM mode is used. Enrichment of the volatile fraction is carried out by headspace solid phase microextraction with a <NUM> stable flex <NUM>/<NUM> pm DVB/Carboxen/PDMS fibre at <NUM> for <NUM> minutes. Desorption is carried out directly in the heated injection port of a GCMS system at <NUM>.

Fatty acid quantification is carried out using headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS) by standard addition.

<NUM> ground samples are weighed in <NUM> headspace vial and after the addition of limonene in different concentrations and a glass coated magnetic stir bar the vial is closed with a magnetic cap lined with silicone/PTFE. <NUM>µL Micro-capillaries are used to add diluted free fatty acid mix (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid and octanoic acid) standards of known concentrations to the sample at three different levels. Addition of <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> ng equals <NUM>/kg, <NUM>/kg, <NUM>/kg and <NUM>/kg of each individual acid. For quantification ion <NUM> acquired in SIM mode is used for all acids except propanoic acid, here ion <NUM> is used.

By FTIR spectroscopy using the absorption of the band at <NUM>-<NUM> (PS) and <NUM>-<NUM> (PA6).

The plaques are injection-moulded, 150x80x2mm dimension. Then, a high- resolution image (photograph) is taken on the <NUM> plaques (putting them close to each other). The image is then analyzed by a software allowing an automatic counting of the number of visual defects (by naked-eyes) due to contaminations.

The characterisation of polymer melts by dynamic shear measurements complies with ISO standards <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM>-<NUM>. The measurements were performed on an Anton Paar MCR501 stress controlled rotational rheometer, equipped with a <NUM> parallel plate geometry. Measurements were undertaken on compression-moulded plates, using nitrogen atmosphere and setting a strain within the linear viscoelastic regime. The oscillatory shear tests were done at <NUM> applying a frequency range between <NUM> and <NUM> rad/s and setting a gap of <NUM>.

In a dynamic shear experiment the probe is subjected to a homogeneous deformation at a sinusoidal varying shear strain or shear stress (strain and stress controlled mode, respectively). On a controlled strain experiment, the probe is subjected to a sinusoidal strain that can be expressed by <MAT>.

If the applied strain is within the linear viscoelastic regime, the resulting sinusoidal stress response can be given by <MAT> where.

Dynamic test results are typically expressed by means of several different rheological functions, namely the shear storage modulus G', the shear loss modulus, G", the complex shear modulus, G*, the complex shear viscosity, η*, the dynamic shear viscosity, η', the out-of-phase component of the complex shear viscosity η" and the loss tangent, tan δ which can be expressed as follows: <MAT> <MAT> <MAT> <MAT> <MAT> <MAT>.

ETA(x kPa) is determined according with equation <NUM>.

For example, the ETA(<NUM> kPa) is the defined by the value of the complex viscosity, determined for a value of complex modulus equal to <NUM> kPa.

Eta (x rad/s) is determined according with equation <NUM>.

For example, the ETA(<NUM> rad/s) is defined by the value of the complex viscosity, determined at a frequency sweep of <NUM> rad/s.

The values are determined by means of a single point interpolation procedure, as defined by Rheoplus software. In situations for which a given G* value is not experimentally reached, the value is determined by means of an extrapolation, using the same procedure as before. In both cases (interpolation or extrapolation), the option from Rheoplus "- Interpolate y-values to x-values from parameter" and the "logarithmic interpolation type" were applied ([<NUM>] Rheological characterization of polyethylene fractions" <NPL>; [<NUM>] The influence of molecular structure on some rheological properties of polyethylene", <NPL>. ) [<NUM>] <NPL>.

The investigation of the non-linear viscoelastic behavior under shear flow was done resorting to Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear. The method requires the application of a sinusoidal strain amplitude, γ0, imposed at a given angular frequency, ω, for a given time, t. Provided that the applied sinusoidal strain is high enough, a non-linear response is generated. The stress, σ is in this case a function of the applied strain amplitude, time and the angular frequency. Under these conditions, the non-linear stress response is still a periodic function; however, it can no longer be expressed by a single harmonic sinusoid. The stress resulting from a non-linear viscoelastic response [<NUM>-<NUM>] can be expressed by a Fourier series, which includes the higher harmonics contributions: <MAT> with,.

The non-linear viscoelastic response was analysed applying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS). Time sweep measurements were undertaken on an RPA <NUM> rheometer from Alpha Technologies coupled with a standard biconical die. During the course of the measurement the test chamber is sealed and a pressure of about <NUM> MPa is applied. The LAOS test is done applying a temperature of <NUM>, an angular frequency of <NUM> rad/s and a strain of <NUM> %. In order to ensure that steady state conditions are reached, the non-linear response is only determined after at least <NUM> cycles per measurement are completed. The Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Non-Linear Factor (LAOS_NLF) is defined by: <MAT>.

(<NPL>); <NPL>); <NPL>); <NPL>); <NPL>); <NPL>)).

In Table <NUM> several examples (comparative-CE; inventive-lE) are summarized.

Different blends of recycled material were used. The blends are characterized by the following properties:.

Further recyclate blends of mixed plastics polypropylene are used in comparative examples. These further blends are characterized by a higher ethylene C2 content.

Table <NUM> refers to polyolefin compositions comprising:.

Glass fibers may be obtained from one of the following suppliers: OC (Owens Corning), PPG / NEG, Johns Manville, 3B, Jushi, Taiwan Glass, Camelyaf, CPIC, Taishan, Glass fibers <NUM>. (average length <NUM>, average diameter <NUM>) and <NUM> (average length <NUM>, average diameter <NUM>) are used.

The following additives were used: Antioxidants: AO1 (Irganox <NUM> (FF)), AO2 (Irganox B <NUM> (FF)), AO3 (Irganox PS-<NUM> FL); Black Pigment (Plasblak PE6121, commercially available from Cabot); Dosing agent: HC001A-B1, PP homopolymer power; Coupling agent: AP <NUM>, polypropylene highly functionalized with maleic anhydride.

As can be seen in Table <NUM> the values for tensile strength measured on the IE1, IE2, IE3 is higher than CE1-CE3 and CE5-CE7. Additionally, IE1, IE2, and IE3 offer a tensile modulus of > <NUM> GPa significantly higher than offered by the CE1-CE3. In addition, the charpy impact strength is higher for IE1-IE3 over any of CE1-CE3 and CE6-CE7. Only CE4 (examples without any recycled material blend) has better tensile modulus and tensile strength than any of IE1-IE3.

It is to be noted that IE1-IE3 using a recyclate blend with a lower C2 content than the recyclate in CE6-CE7 both having a higher C2 content provides polyolefin compositions with improved tensile strength and impact strength (charpy).

Claim 1:
Polyolefin composition comprising
a) <NUM>-<NUM> wt% (based on the overall weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene homopolymer,
b) <NUM>-<NUM> wt% (based on the overall weight of the polyolefin composition) of at least one polypropylene block copolymer
c) <NUM>-<NUM> wt% (based on the overall weight of the polyolefin composition) of a mixed-plastics polypropylene blend of recycled material having
(i) a crystalline fraction (CF) content determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis in the range from <NUM> - <NUM> wt%, and
(ii) a soluble fraction (SF) content determined according to CRYSTEX QC analysis in the range from <NUM> - <NUM> wt%, whereby
(iii) said crystalline fraction (CF) has a propylene content (C3(CF)) as determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by quantitative <NUM>C-NMR spectroscopy, in the range from <NUM> - <NUM> wt%, and whereby
(iv) said crystalline fraction (CF) has an ethylene content (C2(CF)), as determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by quantitative <NUM>C-NMR spectroscopy, in the range from <NUM> to <NUM> wt.-%; and
(v) said soluble fraction (SF) has an intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) in the range from <NUM>-<NUM> dl/g, and
whereby
(vi) the mixed-plastics polypropylene blend has a CIELAB color space (L*a*b*) of
- L* from <NUM> to <NUM>, in particular from <NUM> to <NUM>;
- a* from -<NUM> to <NUM>, in particular from -<NUM> to < <NUM>;
- b* from -<NUM> to <NUM>, in particular from -<NUM> to <NUM>,
d) <NUM>-<NUM> wt% (based on the overall weight of the polyolefin composition) of glass fibers;
and optionally further additives, wherein the sum of all ingredients adds always up to <NUM> wt%,
wherein the polyolefin composition is characterized by
- a tensile modulus at <NUM> of at least <NUM> MPa (ISO <NUM>-<NUM>),
- a tensile stress at yield at <NUM> of at least <NUM> MPa (ISO <NUM>-<NUM>), and
- an impact strength (ISO179-<NUM>, Charpy 1eA +<NUM>) of at least <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>.