Patent Description:
At least one aspect relates to an electronic fire sprinkler system. The electronic fire sprinkler system includes a plurality of electronic fire sprinklers that each output a flow of fluid in response to receiving an activation signal, a plurality of temperature sensors that each detect a temperature and output an indication of the detected temperature, a plurality of network devices that detect a distance to at least one of the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers, and a processing circuit that receives a plurality of detected distances from the plurality of network devices, executes a trilateration algorithm to calculate a location of each electronic fire sprinkler based on the plurality of detected distances, determines that a fire condition is present based on the indication of the detected temperature, identifies one or more of the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers based on the calculated locations and an identifier of the temperature sensor from which the indication of the detected temperature was received, and transmits one or more activation signals to the identified one or more of the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers to cause the identified one or more of the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers to output one or more corresponding flows of fluid.

At least one aspect relates to a method. The method includes detecting, by each of a plurality of sensors, a temperature and outputting an indication of the detected temperature. The method includes detecting, by a plurality of network devices, a distance to at least one electronic fire sprinkler of a plurality of electronic fire sprinklers. The method includes determining, by one or more processors, a location of each electronic fire sprinkler by applying trilateration to the plurality of detected distances. The method includes detecting, by the one or more processors, a fire condition based on the indication of the detected temperature. The method includes identifying, by the one or more processors, one or more of the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers based on the determined locations and an identifier of the temperature sensor from which the indication of the detected temperature was received. The method includes transmitting, by the one or more processors, one or more activation signals to the identified one or more of the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers to cause the identified one or more of the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers to output one or more corresponding flows of fluid to address the fire condition. The method also includes, either:.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. Other aspects, inventive features, and advantages of the devices and/or processes described herein, as defined solely by the claims, will become apparent in the detailed description set forth herein and taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of fire sprinklers. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to real-time location systems and fire sprinklers. Electronic fire sprinklers can provide a significant improvement in both speed of activation and fire containment. As such, electronic fire sprinklers can enable taller buildings, increased storage heights, and increased operational flexibility. To achieve these performance gains, a system implementing electronic fire sprinklers should accurately select and actuate sprinklers around a fire early in the development of the fire. Increasing the location awareness of electronic fire sprinklers systems using a real time location system (RTLS) as described herein can improve system performance, including the accuracy and precision of fire-fighting, while reducing installation challenges.

The RTLS can allow for building height, configuration, and operations to be increased, such as for warehouses and fulfillment centers that are expected to be capable of handling a large range of goods and materials. The RTLS can enable buildings to have added ceiling height (e.g., the electronic fire sprinklers can be actuated, even in high ceiling situations where ceiling temperatures may be relatively slow to reach high values, early enough such that the fire may be adequately controlled), and to reduce the reliance on higher cost packaging materials in warehouses. For example, the RTLS can enable electronic fire sprinklers to be activated based on their location relative to a fire (e.g., relative to temperature sensors that detect a fire condition), rather than waiting for a threshold number of sprinklers to detect the fire condition before activation.

In some embodiments, the RTLS can locate a subject, such as an electronic fire sprinkler, within <NUM> accuracy and can communicate data via ultra-wideband (UWB) compliant wireless transceiver standards. An electronic fire sprinkler system implementing the RTLS can generate a topological map of the fire sprinkler network, such that the topological map can be used to control sprinkler actuation. The RTLS can perform wireless data communications; detecting location and temperature data; a distributed computing model; the capacity to manage more complex control algorithms; reducing costs by eliminating the need for a control panel; greater reliability and system integrity due to the use of multiple network devices (e.g., three devices provide three algorithmic network coordinators and three points of system reliability); programmatic addressing rather than manual addressing; and plug and play installation rather than onsite programming. As described herein, electronic sprinkler systems can use the RTLS to achieve superior performance in challenging applications like high ceilings with highly combustible commodities.

Referring to <FIG>, an electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> is depicted. The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can operate an array of sprinklers surrounding a point of fire origin, during early stages of fire development, which can maximize an amount of water applied onto burning materials, and pre-wetting adjacent unburned fuels to prevent lateral fire spread. The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can include an existing sprinkler platform modified to operate electrically and connected to an electronic detection and control system.

The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can include a plurality of electronic fire sprinklers <NUM> coupled with a water supply <NUM> via one or more pipes <NUM>. The one or more pipes <NUM> can include various piping components, such as manifolds, risers, and valves. The plurality of electronic fire sprinklers <NUM> can receive water from the water supply <NUM> through the one or more pipes <NUM>. Each sprinkler <NUM> can activate in response to receiving an activation signal.

The electronic fire sprinkler <NUM> can switch from a first state that prevents output of water to a second state that allows output of water responsive to a fire condition. For example, the electronic fire sprinkler <NUM> can include a seal that prevents water flow through the electronic fire sprinkler <NUM>, and an actuator that can adjust or remove the seal responsive to the fire condition, such as by being activated by a control signal from a remote device (e.g., a sensor <NUM>) or responsive to activation of a thermal element (e.g., a metal element that deforms responsive to temperatures above a temperature threshold or a tube at least partially filled with fluid that breaks responsive to temperatures above the temperature threshold). The electronic fire sprinkler <NUM> can be an early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinkler that includes a hook and strut link, which can be actuated to enable the electronic fire sprinkler <NUM> to flow water (e.g., via electrochemical actuation). The ESFR sprinkler can have a response time index (RTI) less than or equal to <NUM><NUM>/<NUM>s<NUM>/<NUM>.

The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> includes a plurality of sensors (e.g., temperature sensors, heat detectors, smoke sensors) <NUM>. The temperature sensors <NUM> can detect a temperature and output an indication of the detected temperature to a fire control panel <NUM> via one or more communication lines <NUM>. The smoke sensors <NUM> can detect an amount of smoke and output an indication of the detected smoke. The sensors <NUM> can detect fire conditions using various processes, such as rate of rise (ROR) of temperature or a fixed temperature threshold.

The sensors <NUM> can be coupled with one or more respective electronic fire sprinklers <NUM> to control operation of the one or more electronic fire sprinklers <NUM>. For example, the sensors <NUM> can mechanically, electrochemically, or electronically actuate the one or more electronic fire sprinklers <NUM>, such as in response to detecting an alarm condition, such as a smoke condition or fire condition, or in response to receiving instructions to actuate the one or more electronic fire sprinklers <NUM> from the fire control panel <NUM>.

Each temperature sensor <NUM> can be a fire detection sensor, such as a sprinkler control heat sensor. Each temperature sensor <NUM> can include a processing circuit and communications interface in a manner similar to the network devices <NUM> described below, such as by including an ultra-wideband transceiver. Each temperature sensor <NUM> can detect a temperature and output an indication of the temperature. Each temperature sensor can detect the temperature, compare the temperature to a threshold temperature, and output an indication of a fire condition responsive to the detected temperature exceeding the threshold temperature. The temperature sensor <NUM> can output the indication using a control signal that causes the sprinkler(s) that receive the control signal to actuate a valve or otherwise initiate a flow of water to fight a fire.

The fire control panel <NUM> can be hard-wired to the sensors <NUM>. The fire control panel <NUM> can be an addressable releasing panel, which can cause the sensors <NUM> to operate the electronic fire sprinklers <NUM> (e.g., using an actuation relay of the sensors <NUM>). The fire control panel <NUM> can communicate an indication of a fire condition to a remote device. The fire control panel <NUM> can output an indication of an alarm responsive to detecting the alarm condition. The fire control panel <NUM> can maintain an identifier of each sensor <NUM> to associate the temperature received from each sensor <NUM> to the sensor <NUM>, such as to determine which electronic fire sprinklers <NUM> to activate based on which sensor <NUM> indicates data corresponding to the alarm condition. Fire detection can be performed using the sensor <NUM> as an addressable heat detector (e.g., sprinkler control heat sensor), the actuation relay of the sensor <NUM>, and supervised output (e.g., supervised output from the fire control panel <NUM>). For example, the electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can include the electronic fire sprinkler <NUM> and the sprinkler control heat sensor <NUM> attached via a wiring harness to the electronic fire sprinkler <NUM>; the detection and control system implemented by the fire control panel <NUM> can include the addressable heat sensors <NUM> being hard-wired to the fire control panel <NUM>.

The fire control panel <NUM> can execute various algorithms to determine when an alarm condition is detected and when to operate particular electronic fire sprinklers <NUM> in response to the alarm condition. For example, the fire control panel <NUM> can execute at least one of a fire detection algorithm, a sprinkler selection algorithm, and a sprinkler release criteria algorithm. The fire detection algorithm can compare sensor data received from the sensors <NUM> to detect the alarm condition, such as by detecting the alarm condition responsive to temperature data exceeding a temperature threshold. The sprinkler selection algorithm and sprinkler release criteria algorithm can determine when and how to cause electronic fire sprinklers <NUM> to activate, such as by maintaining a count of electronic fire sprinklers <NUM> for which the attached sensors <NUM> have detected the fire condition, comparing the count to a threshold count, and activating the corresponding electronic fire sprinklers <NUM> responsive to the count exceeding the threshold count.

The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can communicate all data via wired connections (e.g., wire communication lines <NUM>), and while the fire control panel <NUM> monitors the integrity of the connection, if the wired data were to be compromised, fire protection may be compromised. For example, each individual sprinkler control heat sensor <NUM> may require manual addressing using a dual in-line package (DIP) switch, which can be error-prone.

Referring to <FIG>, an electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> that implements an RTLS is depicted. The system of <FIG> may not require a fire control panel as shown in <FIG>, but instead can use a plurality of network devices (e.g., network devices), which may be installed on a same plane as the sprinkler control heat sensors.

The RTLS implemented in the electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can enable location information to more accurately and precisely target sprinkler activation. For example, rather than relying on ceiling temperature (e.g., temperature at the ceiling where heat detectors are located) as a trigger condition-particularly, relying on a threshold number of sensors <NUM> that detect ceiling temperatures that reach a threshold temperature, without being aware of any spatial relationship between the sprinklers <NUM> to be actuated and the location of the fire-the present solution can use location information to reliably instruct any sprinkler grouping to operating without waiting for the threshold number of triggers to occur. As such, the electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can reliably respond to fires faster and limit fire growth for a variety of hazards.

The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can incorporate features of the electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM>. For example, the electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can include the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers <NUM> coupled with the water supply <NUM> via the one or more pipes <NUM>. The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can include sensors <NUM>, which can control operation of respective electronic fire sprinklers <NUM>.

The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> includes a plurality of network devices (e.g., network anchors) <NUM>. The network devices <NUM> can be used to detect distances to the electronic fire sprinklers <NUM>. As described further herein, the distances detected by the network devices <NUM> can be more accurate than other processes for determining sprinkler locations, particularly for situations in which there may be a large number (e.g., hundreds or thousands) of sprinkler locations to detect.

Each network device <NUM> can include a processing circuit <NUM> and a communications interface <NUM>. The processing circuit <NUM> can include a processor and a memory. The processor may be a general purpose or specific purpose processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), a group of processing components, or other suitable processing components. The processor may be configured to execute computer code or instructions stored in memory (e.g., fuzzy logic, etc.) or received from other computer readable media (e.g., CDROM, network storage, a remote server, etc.) to perform one or more of the processes described herein. The memory may include one or more data storage devices (e.g., memory units, memory devices, computer-readable storage media, etc.) configured to store data, computer code, executable instructions, or other forms of computer-readable information. The memory may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), hard drive storage, temporary storage, non-volatile memory, flash memory, optical memory, or any other suitable memory for storing software objects and/or computer instructions. The memory may include database components, object code components, script components, or any other type of information structure for supporting the various activities and information structures described in the present disclosure. The memory may be communicably connected to the processor via the processing circuit and may include computer code for executing (e.g., by processor) one or more of the processes described herein. The memory can include various modules (e.g., circuits, engines) for completing processes described herein.

The communications interface <NUM> may include wired or wireless interfaces (e.g., jacks, antennas, transmitters, receivers, transceivers, wire terminals, etc.) for conducting data communications with various systems, devices, or networks. For example, the communications interface <NUM> may include an Ethernet card and/or port for sending and receiving data via an Ethernet-based communications network. The communications interface <NUM> may include a wireless transceiver (e.g., a WiFi transceiver, a Bluetooth transceiver, a NFC transceiver, ZigBee, etc.) for communicating via a wireless communications network. The communications interface <NUM> may communicate via local area networks (e.g., a building LAN, etc.) and/or wide area networks (e.g., the Internet, a cellular network, a radio communication network, etc.) and may use a variety of communications protocols (e.g., BACnet, TCP/IP, point-to-point, etc.). The processing circuit can use the communications interface to communicate using a serial peripheral interface (SPI) protocol. The communications interface <NUM> can include an ultra-wideband transceiver, such as the DWM1000 transceiver described herein.

The network device <NUM> can use the communications interface <NUM> to detect a distance to one or more electronic fire sprinklers <NUM>. For example, the network device <NUM> can cause the communications interface <NUM> to output a first wireless electronic signal (e.g., radio frequency signal), receive a second wireless electronic signal and detect the distance based on a time of flight corresponding to the first signal and the second signal. For example, the second wireless electronic signal can be a response signal received from the sensor <NUM> coupled with the electronic fire sprinkler <NUM>. The network device <NUM> can process the response signal to identify a time of transmission and a time of receipt, and determine the distance based on the time of transmission and time of receipt. Where the sensors <NUM> are located on a same plane as the network devices <NUM>, three network devices <NUM> can be used to detect the location of the sensor <NUM> (e.g., as described with reference to <FIG> below). Where the sensors <NUM> are located in three dimensions (e.g., some sensors <NUM> not on the same plane as other sensors <NUM>), four network devices <NUM> can be used to detect the location of the sensor <NUM>.

Ultra-wideband transceivers (e.g., DWM1000 modules manufactured by DecaWave) can be provided with each sensor <NUM> and each network device <NUM> (which can enable the sensors <NUM> and network devices <NUM> to communicate wirelessly). The ultra-wideband transceivers can be used to determine the locations of each sprinkler within the network and also to communicate data wirelessly. As such, the RTLS architecture can be analogous to a distributed computing model where each node in the network (sprinkler control heat sensor <NUM> or network device <NUM>) cooperates in sharing algorithmic complexity, ensuring system reliability.

The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can maintain a map of sprinkler locations (e.g., using the processing circuits <NUM> of the network devices <NUM>). The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can generate the map based on user data, such as by associating sprinkler locations to received data regarding each sprinkler address. The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can use an identifying detector, such as a barcode or RFID-based system, to more accurately capture sprinkler address data.

The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can use the sprinkler topology to determine which sprinklers should operate and when. The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can select an optimal selection of sprinklers <NUM> to be operated in various situations.

The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can selectively activate sprinklers <NUM> using the determined locations of the sprinklers <NUM>. For example, the electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can include a policy, heuristic, or other set of rules which, when executed, identify at least one sprinkler <NUM> to be activated based on an activation signal being transmitted to another sprinkler <NUM>. The rules may indicate a maximum distance between sprinklers <NUM> that should be activated together (e.g., if a first sprinkler <NUM> is activated, activate all other sprinklers <NUM> within five feet of the first sprinkler <NUM>). The rules may include a maximum distance from a temperature sensor for activating sprinklers <NUM> (e.g., if the temperature at a first temperature sensor <NUM> is greater than a threshold temperature, activate all sprinklers <NUM> within ten feet of the first temperature sensor <NUM>). As such, the electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can more accurately and precisely activate the sprinklers <NUM>, even if ceiling temperatures in the vicinity of certain sprinklers <NUM> do not necessarily reach sufficient values that would otherwise independently activate the sprinklers <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, a schematic diagram <NUM> of trilateration is depicted. As shown in <FIG>, the electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can use three network devices <NUM> and an associated sprinkler <NUM> to perform trilateration. The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can generate a sprinkler map using each network device <NUM> to define the location of each sprinkler <NUM> (e.g., within an area of a facility). It will be appreciated that the sprinkler plan may be two-dimensional, such that, as depicted in <FIG>, each sprinkler can be located based on intersections of circles <NUM> associated with each ranges or distances from each of the three network devices <NUM>. As such, the electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can define a sprinkler topology for each sprinkler.

The network devices <NUM> can execute a trilateration process to determine locations of the sprinklers <NUM>. For example, a group of three network devices <NUM> can each output a detection signal to detect a corresponding sprinkler <NUM> (e.g., sensor <NUM> that actuates the sprinkler <NUM>), and receive a return signal corresponding to the detection signal. Each network device <NUM> can determine a distance to the corresponding sprinkler <NUM> based on the return signal. The electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can determine an intersection of ranges, depicted as circles <NUM>, corresponding to each distance to determine the location of the corresponding sprinkler <NUM>. Each network device <NUM> can maintain a data structure including an identifier of each detected sprinkler <NUM> and a distance to each detected sprinkler <NUM>, such that the electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM> can generate the sprinkler topology using the data structures. The network devices <NUM> may maintain data regarding sprinkler location up to a threshold distance from each network device <NUM>. The threshold distance may be a sufficient distance such that an entire space occupied by the sprinklers can be expected to be covered by the trilateration, while reducing redundancy (which might complicate the sprinkler location determinations) and data storage requirements for each network device <NUM>. Each of one or more predetermined regions may include three devices (network devices, temperature sensors) including the ultra-wideband transceivers, such that no redundancy occurs within each predetermined region. The temperature sensors can similarly be used to execute trilateration using the ultra-wideband transceivers.

Referring now to <FIG>, a method <NUM> of operating an electronic fire sprinkler system is depicted. The method <NUM> can be performed using various systems and devices described herein, such as electronic fire sprinklers <NUM> and the electronic fire sprinkler system <NUM>.

At <NUM>, one or more sprinkler devices can be identified. The sprinkler devices can be electronic fire sprinklers, which can be actuated from a first state to prevent fluid flow through the sprinkler to a second state allowing fluid flow through the sprinkler. For example, the electronic fire sprinkler can be electronically or electrochemically actuated. The electronic fire sprinkler can be an early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinkler. The sprinkler device can be coupled with a sensor (e.g., heat detector, smoke detector) that can control operation of the sprinkler device. The sensor (or the sprinkler device) can include communications circuitry to perform wireless electronic communications, such as an ultra-wideband transceiver.

The sprinkler devices can be identified by network devices that can communicate with the sprinkler devices (e.g., with sensors coupled with the sprinkler devices). For example, each sensor can transmit an identification signal identifying the sensor (and thus the sprinkler device coupled with the sensor), which can be received by the network devices, enabling the network devices to generate a database of sprinkler devices. The identification signal can be transmitted using the communications circuitry. Each network device can maintain a database regarding sprinkler devices in range of the network device, which can reduce database size requirements by reducing redundancy. The database can indicate a sensor identifier (or sprinkler identifier) for each sensor (or sprinkler coupled with each sensor). The sprinkler devices can be identified responsive to user input, such as user input indicating a list of sensor identifiers (or sprinkler identifiers). The network devices can be or include ultra-wideband transceivers which can communicate wirelessly with the sensors or the sprinkler devices.

The network devices can assign a reply time to each sensor. The reply time can be different for each sensor, so that when the sensors are requested to communicate with the network devices, transmission collisions can be avoided. The sensors can be synchronized, such that a clock time of a clock operated by each sensor is within a threshold value of a synchronization time.

At <NUM>, a range request can be transmitted from the network devices to the sprinkler devices. The network devices can generate the range request to request each sprinkler device to transmit a range signal to the network devices. The network devices can generate the range request to include the reply time, such as to include the reply time for each sensor identified based on the received identification signals. The network devices can use the ultra-wideband transceivers to transmit the range request.

At <NUM>, the network devices receive range responses from the sprinkler devices. For example, each sprinkler device (or sensor associated with the sprinkler device) can retrieve, from the range request, a reply time assigned to the sprinkler device based on the sprinkler identifier of the sprinkler device. The sprinkler device can transmit the range response at the assigned reply time, such as by using the ultra-wideband transceiver.

At <NUM>, the network devices can determine the locations of the sprinkler devices. For example, at least three network devices can receive the range response from a particular sprinkler device. Based on the range response, each of the network devices can determine a distance between the particular sprinkler device and the respective network device. Each network device can determine the distance based on evaluating the range response received from the particular sprinkler device. The network device can perform various time of flight techniques to determine the distance. The network device can compare the reply time assigned to the particular sprinkler device to the time at which the network device receives the range response to determine the distance.

The at least three network devices can determine the location of the particular sprinkler device based on the determined distance between each network device and the particular sprinkler device. For example, the at least three network devices can identify a point at an intersection of the determined distances between the network devices and the particular sprinkler device (e.g., a point corresponding to an intersection of circles or spheres having a radius corresponding to the determined distance). Three network devices can be used to determine the location where the network devices and the particular sprinkler device are located in a same plane (e.g., in a two-dimensional grid arrangement). Four network devices can be used to determine location where the network devices and the particular sprinkler device are not located in a same plane (e.g., in a three-dimensional arrangement, where at least one of the at least four network devices or the particular sprinkler device are not in the same plane).

Based on range responses received from each sprinkler device, the network devices can generate a map or topology of the sprinkler devices. For example, the network devices can associate the location of each sprinkler device to the sprinkler identifier of the sprinkler device in the database. The network devices can communicate the.

At <NUM>, a fire condition can be detected. The fire condition can be detected based on sensor signals from the sensors, such as temperature signals or smoke detection signals. The sensors may output an indication of the fire condition. The sensors may provide the sensor signals to the network devices, which can process the sensor signals to detect the fire condition. The fire condition can be detected based on the temperature exceeding a temperature threshold, or a rate of rise of the temperature exceeding a rate of rise threshold. The fire condition can be detected without waiting for a threshold number of sensors to indicate the fire condition.

At <NUM>, one or more sprinklers in proximity to the fire condition can be identified. The one or more sprinklers can be identified based on a location of at least one sensor used to detect the fire condition. For example, the one or more sprinklers can be identified using the database (which maintains the locations of sensors, sprinklers, and sensors associated with or coupled with sprinklers) to identify sprinklers that within a predetermined distance of the location of the at least one sensor. The predetermined distance can be a particular distance (e.g., less than twenty feet, less than ten feet). The predetermined distance can be a number of sprinklers away from the location of the at least one sensor (e.g., sprinklers in a first group adjacent to the at least one sensor; sprinklers in a first group adjacent to the at least one sensor and a second group adjacent to the first group).

Claim 1:
An electronic fire sprinkler system (<NUM>,<NUM>), comprising:
a plurality of electronic fire sprinklers (<NUM>) that each output a flow of fluid in response to receiving an activation signal;
a plurality of sensors (<NUM>) that each detect a temperature and output an indication of the detected temperature;
a plurality of network devices (<NUM>) that detect a distance to at least one electronic fire sprinkler (<NUM>) of the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers (<NUM>); and
a processing circuit (<NUM>) that:
receives a plurality of detected distances from the plurality of network devices (<NUM>);
executes a trilateration algorithm to determine a location of each electronic fire sprinkler (<NUM>) based on the plurality of detected distances;
determines that a fire condition is present based on the indication of the detected temperature;
identifies one or more of the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers (<NUM>) based on the determined locations and an identifier of the temperature sensor (<NUM>) from which the indication of the detected temperature was received; and
transmits one or more activation signals to the identified one or more of the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers (<NUM>) to cause the identified one or more of the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers (<NUM>) to output one or more corresponding flows of fluid, wherein::
the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers (<NUM>) are arranged in a two-dimensional arrangement; and
the plurality of network devices (<NUM>) include at least three network devices (<NUM>) that detect respective distances to a first electronic sprinkler (<NUM>) of the at least one of the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers (<NUM>) in response to receiving the indication of the detected temperature and determining that the detected temperature is greater than a temperature threshold corresponding to an alarm condition; or
the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers (<NUM>) are arranged in a three-dimensional arrangement; and
the plurality of network devices (<NUM>) include at least four network devices (<NUM>) that detect respective distances to a first electronic sprinkler (<NUM>) of the at least one of the plurality of electronic fire sprinklers (<NUM>).