Patent Description:
The present disclosure relates to articles of manufacture with improved moisture control, as well as methods related thereto.

Perspiration is the primary means of thermoregulation for the human body, during which sweat (mainly composed of water) is secreted through the skin and evaporation of the fluid removes the heat from the surface underneath. During intensive activity, accumulated sweat can drastically increase the humidity level surrounding the skin, which can result in a very uncomfortable feeling unless sweat is efficiently removed. Moisture control fabrics can confine the moisture distribution in the fabric structure for various applications. Among them, one application is sweat-proof material that controls and prevents the moisture from showing on the external surface.

There are many methods currently utilized to sweat-proof materials. Common methods include the incorporation of a thin plastic film to prevent water movement across layers (e.g. Thompson Tee, www. thompsontee. com), but thin plastic films tend to inhibit the air flow through the materials and increase the rigidity of the fabric, which can cause wearer discomfort. An alternative method to using plastic materials is the use of hydrophobic coatings (i.e., fluoropolymer, silicone, and wax) to prevent liquid movement through the material. Coatings and fabric finishes provide a more breathable and comfortable alternative to plastic films. Technology such as 3xDRY (Schoeller Textile, see <CIT>) implements hydrophobic treatments only on the outside surface of the material to prevent liquids from penetrating through the thickness of the fabric. The outside coating allows perspiration or other liquids from the inside surface to partially absorb through the thickness of the fabric but not become visible on the outside of the garment. However, the inside of this fabric can reach full saturation and the garment can cling to the wearer and cause discomfort.

Incorporating inherently hydrophobic materials into the overall structure is another method to create sweat-proof materials. In some fabric products, like Silic™ and ThreadSmith™, the fabric is completely non-absorbent (e.g., hydrophobic) and prevents liquid from passing through the fabric. However, this technology leads to wearer discomfort due to perspiration remaining on the skin surface.

Document <CIT> discloses a fabric which has a hydrophobic surface, an opposite surface having some hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas, and an intermediate layer being hydrophilic, which aims at storing sweat emitted by a wearer and diffusing through the hydrophilic regions of said opposite surface.

Therefore, a need exists for articles with improved moisture control capacity. A fabric structure with sweat-proof function that can prevent full saturation, reduce garment cling and achieve quick drying properties would be ideal and largely improve wearer comfort. Such articles would be able to control the movement of moisture (e.g., a bodily fluid, such as sweat) from the inside to the outside to keep the outside dry while removing the moisture from the surface of the skin and keeping the wearer comfortable. These articles can find use, e.g., in fabrics for garments, sheets, and other accessories.

To meet these and other demands, the present disclosure provides garments comprising a fabric with improved moisture control capacity, as well as methods of making related thereto. These fabrics have unique structures that control the movement of moisture, allowing the inner surface to remove moisture and keeping the moisture from accumulating on the outer surface. These properties provide fabrics that resist staining, reduce clinging to the body, and lessen drying times, as compared with existing materials.

In certain aspects, the present disclosure provides a garment comprising a fabric, comprising: (a) an outer layer defining an outer surface comprising a single region comprising a hydrophobic material; and (b) an inner layer defining an inner surface of the gament and configured to face the skin of a wearer of the garment, comprising: (i) one or more first regions, comprising a hydrophobic material, and (ii) one or more second regions consisting of a hydrophilic material, wherein the one or more first regions and the one or more second regions are different, wherein the hydrophobic material of the first regions is in contact with the hydrophobic material of the outer layer. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more second regions is surrounded by at least one of the one or more first regions. In some embodiments, each of the one or more second regions is surrounded by one or more of the one or more first regions. In some embodiments, the one or more second regions are adjacent to the one or more first regions. In some embodiments, the one or more second regions are patterned in a geometric pattern or logo. In some embodiments, the one or more second regions form a plurality of repeated shapes surrounded by the one or more first regions. In some embodiments, the one or more second regions form a lattice. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more first regions is surrounded by at least one of the one or more second regions. In some embodiments, each of the one or more first regions is surrounded by the one or more of the one or more second regions. In some embodiments, the one or more first regions are adjacent to the one or more second regions. In some embodiments, the one or more first regions are patterned in a geometric pattern or logo. In some embodiments, the one or more first regions are a plurality of repeated shapes surrounded by the one or more second regions. In some embodiments, the one or more first regions form a lattice. In some embodiments, the outer surface does not comprise the hydrophilic material of the one or more second regions. In some embodiments, a collective surface area of the one or more first regions and a collective surface area of the one or more second regions are substantially equivalent. In some embodiments, the proportion of the collective surface area of the one or more second regions to the surface area of the entire fabric is about <NUM>% to about <NUM>%. In some embodiments, the inner surface is interconnected with or affixed to the outer surface. In some embodiments, the inner surface is affixed to the outer surface by stitching, bonding, adhesion, lamination, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the hydrophilic material of the second region comprises <NUM>% to <NUM>% of the total thickness of the fabric. In some embodiments, the one or more second regions comprise <NUM>% to <NUM>% of the inner surface (e.g., by surface area). In some embodiments, the hydrophobic material of the outer surface resists a hydrostatic pressure of about 150pa to about 3kpa. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic material of the one or more first regions resists a hydrostatic pressure of about 150pa to about 3kpa. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic materials of the outer surface and the one or more first regions are different. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic materials of the outer surface and the one or more first regions are the same. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic material of the outer surface, the hydrophobic material of the one or more first regions, or both comprises a hydrophobic textile. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic textile is natural fiber, a synthetic fiber, or a blend thereof. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic textile is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polydimethylsiloxane, a fluoropolymer, olefin, or a blend thereof. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic material of the outer surface, the hydrophobic material of the one or more first regions, or both comprises a porous material with a hydrophobic coating. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic coating comprises fluoropolymer, silicone, hydrosilicone, fluoroacrylate, or wax. In some embodiments, the porous material is a textile, foam, polymer, or mesh. In some embodiments, the textile is a natural fiber, a synthetic fiber, or a blend thereof. In some embodiments, the textile is selected from the group consisting of cotton, hemp, rayon, coconut fiber, cellulose, wool, silk, bamboo, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, glass, acetate, polyester, nylon, lyocell, modal, poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide, elastin fiber, and any blend thereof. In some embodiments, the hydrophilic material of the one or more second regions comprises a hydrophilic textile. In some embodiments, the hydrophilic textile is a natural fiber, a synthetic fiber, or a blend thereof. In some embodiments, the hydrophilic textile is selected from the group consisting of cotton, rayon, coconut fiber, cellulose, silk, bamboo, and any blend thereof. In some embodiments, the hydrophilic material of the one or more second regions comprises a porous material with a hydrophilic coating. In some embodiments, the hydrophilic coating comprises hydrophilic silicone. In some embodiments, the porous material is a textile. In some embodiments, the textile is a natural fiber, a synthetic fiber, or a blend thereof. In some embodiments, the textile is selected from the group consisting of cotton, hemp, rayon, coconut fiber, cellulose, wool, silk, bamboo, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, glass, acetate, polyester, nylon, lyocell, modal, poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide, elastin fiber, and any blend thereof. In some embodiments, the fabric is a component of bedding, footwear, seat cover, outdoor gear, upholstery, or an accessory.

In some embodiments, the garment is a coat, a dress, a skirt, a sports bra, undergarment, pant, short, or sock. In some embodiments, the garment is a shirt. In some embodiments, the fabric is localized to one or more of an underarm area, a mid-back area, a lower-back area, a front chest area, a stomach area, and a shoulder area of the garment. In some embodiments, the one or more second regions form an interconnected lattice. In some embodiments, the one or more first regions form an interconnected lattice. In some embodiments, the fabric is localized to the mid-back area and/or to the lower-back area of the garment. In some embodiments, the fabric is surrounded by a hydrophobic material of the garment.

In certain aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of making a garment, wherein the method is as disclosed in present claim <NUM>.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments, the hydrophobic textile is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polydimethylsiloxane, a fluoropolymer, olefin, or a blend thereof. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic material of the outer surface, the hydrophobic material of the one or more first regions, or both comprises a porous material with a hydrophobic coating. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic coating comprises fluoropolymer, silicone, hydrosilicone, fluoroacrylate, or wax. In some embodiments, the porous material is a textile, foam, polymer, or mesh. In some embodiments, the textile is a natural fiber, a synthetic fiber, or a blend thereof. In some embodiments, the textile is selected from the group consisting of cotton, hemp, rayon, coconut fiber, cellulose, wool, silk, bamboo, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, glass, acetate, polyester, nylon, lyocell, modal, poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide, elastin fiber, and any blend thereof.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments, the hydrophilic material of the one or more second regions comprises a hydrophilic textile. In some embodiments, the hydrophilic textile is a natural fiber, a synthetic fiber, or a blend thereof. In some embodiments, the hydrophilic textile is selected from the group consisting of cotton, rayon, coconut fiber, cellulose, silk, bamboo, and any blend thereof. In some embodiments, the hydrophilic material of the one or more second regions comprises a porous material with a hydrophilic coating. In some embodiments, the hydrophilic coating comprises hydrophilic silicone. In some embodiments, the porous material is a textile. In some embodiments, the textile is a natural fiber, a synthetic fiber, or a blend thereof. In some embodiments, the textile is selected from the group consisting of cotton, hemp, rayon, coconut fiber, cellulose, wool, silk, bamboo, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, glass, acetate, polyester, nylon, lyocell, modal, poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide, elastin fiber, and any blend thereof.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments, the fabric is a component of bedding, footwear, a seat cover, outdoor gear, upholstery, or accessory.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to articles of manufacture with improved moisture control. In some embodiments, an article of the present disclosure comprises a fabric with an outer hydrophobic surface and an inner surface with hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. For example, the hydrophilic regions can form a connected pattern, allowing moisture to collect and move through the pattern, while the hydrophobic regions prevent the whole inner surface from becoming moist, and the outer hydrophobic region does not show moisture. Without wishing to be bound to theory, it is thought that such a structure allows for fabrics and other materials to conduct a fluid (e.g., sweat or another bodily fluid) along regions on the inside of the fabric while keeping some regions on the inside of the fabric dry, as well as keeping the entirety of the outside of the fabric completely dry, no matter how much fluid is absorbed or removed by the fabric internally. By using an inner surface patterned with hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, the fabrics of the present disclosure are further thought to provide a means of absorbing perspiration without full saturation on the internal surface of the fabric. This structure is thought to mitigate and/or eliminate problems with existing materials that rely upon external hydrophobic barriers and internal non-patterned hydrophilic surfaces or entirely hydrophobic materials (e.g., to prevent the appearance of moisture on the outer surface of a garment), such as accumulation of wetness throughout inner hydrophilic layers and on the wearer's skin. For example, the fabrics of the present disclosure can reduce cling to the wearer's body when used in a garment as well as facilitate quicker drying of a garment. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is also thought that such a structure can resist staining (e.g., from beverages or condiments) because the outside of the fabric has a continuous and completely hydrophobic surface that repels and resists liquid absorption by the fabric.

In some embodiments, the articles of the present disclosure comprise fabrics with an outer surface comprising a hydrophobic material; and an inner surface comprising: one or more first regions comprising a hydrophobic material, and one or more second regions comprising a hydrophilic material. In some embodiments, the one or more first regions and the one or more second regions are different. The terms "outer" and "inner" as used herein refer to an outer surface facing an external environment (e.g., rain or sun) and an inner surface facing an element or area to be shielded by the article from the external environment, such as a wearer's skin, interior space, or dry material. For example, if the article is part of a garment diaper, pad, wound dressing, bed sheet, or the like, the outer direction faces the external environment and the inner direction faces the skin of the wearer. If the article is part of a piece of outdoor gear, the outer direction faces the external environment and the inner direction faces the user while the gear is in use.

In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more second regions (e.g., comprising a hydrophilic material) is surrounded by at least one of the one or more first regions (e.g., comprising a hydrophobic material). In other embodiments, each of the one or more second regions is surrounded by one or more of the one or more first regions. In further embodiments, the one or more second regions are adjacent to the one or more first regions. This concept is illustrated in <FIG>.

The inner surface of exemplary fabric <NUM> with a pattern of discrete (i.e. not connected) shapes is shown in <FIG>. Fabric <NUM> includes a pattern on the inner surface with regions <NUM> and <NUM>. The inner surface pattern comprises hydrophobic region <NUM> surrounding multiple hydrophilic regions <NUM>. The regions <NUM> are individual diamonds that are distributed at regular intervals over the inner surface of fabric <NUM>. Each of the hydrophilic regions <NUM> is surrounded by the hydrophobic region <NUM>. In addition, each of the hydrophilic regions <NUM> is adjacent to the hydrophobic region <NUM>. In this example, moisture in contact with one or more of the hydrophilic region(s) <NUM> will be absorbed into the structure, while moisture in contact with the hydrophobic region <NUM> will either roll off of the material or migrate to one or more of the hydrophilic region(s) <NUM>.

In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more first regions (e.g., comprising a hydrophobic material) is surrounded by at least one of the one or more second regions (e.g., comprising a hydrophilic material). In other embodiments, each of the one or more first regions is surrounded by the one or more second regions. In further embodiments, the one or more first regions are adjacent to the one or more second regions. This concept is illustrated in <FIG>, wherein the connected hydrophilic second regions form a fluidic flow network. This network utilizes capillary forces of water, surface tension gradients, and downward gravitational forces, and can be patterned such that liquid can be moved away from source points. Further, the larger hydrophilic area creates a greater surface area of evaporation per same amount of perspiration, while the interspersed hydrophobic areas also reduce dry time.

The inner surface of exemplary fabric <NUM> is shown in <FIG>. Fabric <NUM> includes a pattern on the inner surface with regions <NUM> and <NUM>. The inner surface pattern comprises one hydrophilic region <NUM> surrounding multiple hydrophobic regions <NUM>. The regions <NUM> are individual diamonds that are distributed at intervals over the inner surface of fabric <NUM>. Each of the hydrophobic regions <NUM> is surrounded by the hydrophilic region <NUM>. In addition, each of the hydrophobic regions <NUM> is adjacent to the hydrophilic region <NUM>. In this example, the connected hydrophilic region <NUM> will direct liquid movement, and the adjacent hydrophobic regions <NUM> will facilitate quicker drying times.

In some embodiments, at least a portion of the one or more hydrophobic regions is in contact with at least a portion of the hydrophobic material of the outer surface. In other embodiments, the outer surface excludes or does not comprise the hydrophilic material of the one or more second regions of the inner surface. This concept is illustrated in <FIG>.

<FIG> shows a cross-section of exemplary fabric <NUM>, including an inner B surface with regions <NUM> and <NUM>, and an outer A surface with region <NUM>. Region <NUM> comprises a hydrophobic material of the present disclosure, and region <NUM> comprises a hydrophilic material of the present disclosure. The hydrophobic regions <NUM> of the inner B surface are in contact with portions of the hydrophobic <NUM> outer A surface. Although the hydrophilic regions <NUM> of the inner surface are also in contact with outer surface <NUM>, the <NUM> regions do not completely penetrate fabric <NUM>, and therefore are not included in the outer surface <NUM>. In this exemplary fabric <NUM>, the hydrophilic regions <NUM> comprise about <NUM>% of the total thickness of the fabric, and the hydrophobic outer surface <NUM> comprises the remaining about <NUM>% of the total thickness of the fabric.

In some embodiments, the inner surface of the fabric is interconnected with or affixed to the outer surface of the fabric. In some embodiments, the fabric is composed of two layers, wherein the first layer (e.g., an outer surface) faces the external environment and the second layer (e.g., an inner surface) faces the skin of the wearer. In some embodiments the inner and outer surface are affixed across their entire surfaces. In other embodiments, the inner and outer surfaces are affixed around the edges, allowing some separation and movement in the areas where the surfaces are not affixed. In further embodiments the inner and outer surfaces are affixed at one or more points, which can be regularly spaced, irregularly spaced, spaced close together, spaced far apart, etc. Any suitable means for affixing known in the art can be used. In some embodiments, the inner surface or layer is affixed to the outer surface or layer by stitching, bonding, adhesion, lamination, or a combination thereof. Both affixing around the edges and affixing at discrete points allows some separation of the surfaces and movement in the areas where the surfaces are not affixed. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is thought that fabrics composed of separate layers provide enhanced moisture control performance.

<FIG> shows a cross-section of exemplary fabric <NUM> with two layers. Layer <NUM> is hydrophobic, making the outer A surface of the fabric hydrophobic. The second layer has both hydrophobic regions <NUM> and hydrophilic regions <NUM> on the inner B surface. Both regions <NUM> and <NUM> penetrate the second layer and are in contact with the hydrophobic first layer <NUM>. In this example, the two layers are affixed across their entire surfaces at affixture <NUM>.

Another exemplary fabric <NUM> is illustrated in <FIG>. The first layer <NUM> is hydrophobic, making the outer A surface of the fabric hydrophobic. The second, inner B layer has hydrophobic regions <NUM>, hydrophilic regions <NUM>, and hydrophilic region <NUM>. In this example, the two layers are affixed across their entire surfaces. The regions <NUM> and <NUM> are present on the inner surface of the second layer, and penetrate partially through the thickness of the fabric. Region <NUM> is on the entirety of the outer surface of the second layer, and also penetrates partially through the thickness of the fabric. Neither of the materials of <NUM> and <NUM> are included in hydrophobic layer <NUM>. The regions <NUM> form an interconnected area with the region <NUM> that results in patterned channels of hydrophilic areas in the second layer. In this example, these channels spread moisture away from the source point, allow movement of moisture throughout the fabric to prevent areas of high moisture density, and facilitate quicker drying times. The hydrophobic regions <NUM> are also in contact with the region <NUM>, and the first hydrophobic layer <NUM> is only in contact with the region <NUM> of the second layer. In some embodiments, the first layer <NUM> of the fabric is hydrophobic (optionally, entirely hydrophobic). In some embodiments, the second layer of the fabric has patterned hydrophilic regions comprising regions <NUM> on the inner surface of the second layer connected to region <NUM> on the outer surface of the second layer. In some embodiments, the partial absorption on the inner surface of the second layer allows moisture to spread away from the source point and toward the hydrophilic outer surface of the second layer. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is thought that this movement of moisture through the second layer and along connected channels both prevents areas of high moisture density on the second layer and helps facilitate quicker drying times.

<FIG> shows a cross-section of exemplary fabric <NUM> with two layers affixed around the edges at locations 324a and 324b, but free to move (i.e. separate) everywhere else. The first layer <NUM> comprises a hydrophobic material, making the outer A surface of the fabric hydrophobic. The second layer includes both hydrophobic regions <NUM> and hydrophilic regions <NUM> on the inner B surface. Both regions <NUM> and <NUM> penetrate the second layer only partially, e.g., about halfway. The regions <NUM> connect to the outer surface of the second layer to form a larger hydrophobic region. The outer surface of the second layer is hydrophobic (optionally, entirely hydrophobic), and this outer surface is in contact with the inner surface of the first layer.

<FIG> shows a cross-section of exemplary fabric <NUM> with two layers where each layer is composed of more than one piece of fabric. The two layers are affixed around the edges at locations 340a and 340b such that the seam <NUM> (where the hydrophobic first piece of the layer <NUM> is joined to the hydrophobic second piece of the layer <NUM>) is not aligned to the seam <NUM> (where the first piece of the layer <NUM> is joined to the second piece of the layer <NUM>). The two pieces <NUM> and <NUM> of the second layer have both hydrophobic regions <NUM> and hydrophilic regions <NUM> on the inner B surface. Both regions <NUM> and <NUM> penetrate the second layer only partially, e.g., about halfway. In some embodiments, the regions <NUM> connect to the outer A surface of the second layer (e.g., <NUM> and <NUM>) to form a larger hydrophobic region. The outer surface of the second layer is hydrophobic (optionally, entirely hydrophobic), and this outer surface is in contact with the inner surface of the first layer.

In some embodiments, the fabric further comprises an intermediate layer between the outer surface and the inner surface. In other embodiments, the intermediate layer is affixed to one or both of the outer surface and the inner surface. In further embodiments, the intermediate layer comprises a hydrophobic material of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the intermediate layer comprises a hydrophilic material of the present disclosure. In these embodiments, the intermediate layer can also be used to achieve desired feel and/or loft of the fabric.

In some embodiments, one or more second hydrophilic regions of the present disclosure (e.g., a hydrophilic portion of an inner surface of the present disclosure) form a plurality of repeated shapes. In some embodiments, one or more second hydrophilic regions of the present disclosure (e.g., a hydrophilic portion of an inner surface of the present disclosure) are surrounded by the one or more first hydrophobic regions (e.g., hydrophobic portions of an inner surface of the present disclosure). An exemplary configuration using this concept is illustrated in <FIG> shows a pattern in which hydrophilic regions (e.g., hydrophilic portions of an inner surface of the present disclosure) form a pattern of repeated circles. In some embodiments, each circle is surrounded by the hydrophobic region.

In some embodiments, the one or more hydrophilic second regions (e.g., hydrophilic portions of an inner surface of the present disclosure) form a lattice. As used herein, a "lattice" refers to any interconnected combination of shapes wherein the shapes and the connections comprise the same material (e.g., a hydrophilic material of the present disclosure). Exemplary configurations using this concept are illustrated in <FIG> & <FIG>. <FIG> shows a pattern in which the hydrophilic regions form a lattice with angled connections, wherein the spaces within the lattice are parallelograms, and in which the spaces within the lattice are filled by the hydrophobic regions. The lattice is also surrounded by a further hydrophobic region. <FIG> shows a pattern in which the hydrophilic regions form a lattice with perpendicular connections, wherein the spaces within the lattice are squares, and in which the spaces within the lattice are filled by the hydrophobic regions. The lattice is also surrounded by a further hydrophobic region. These exemplary lattice patterns are one way in which hydrophilic second regions can be patterned to form a fluidic flow network, which moves liquid away from source points, creates a greater surface area of evaporation per same amount of perspiration, and thus reduces dry time.

In other embodiments, the one or more first hydrophobic regions (e.g., hydrophobic portions of an inner surface of the present disclosure) form a plurality of repeated shapes. In some embodiments, the one or more first hydrophobic regions (e.g., hydrophobic portions of an inner surface of the present disclosure) are surrounded by the one or more second hydrophilic regions (e.g., a hydrophilic portion of an inner surface of the present disclosure).

In some embodiments, the one or more hydrophobic first regions (e.g., hydrophobic portions of an inner surface of the present disclosure) form a lattice. An exemplary pattern using this concept is illustrated in <FIG> shows a pattern in which the hydrophobic regions form a lattice with angled connections, wherein the spaces within the lattice are parallelograms, and in which the spaces within the lattice are filled by the hydrophilic regions. The lattice is also surrounded by a further hydrophilic region. In some embodiments, the one or more first hydrophobic regions of the inner surface of the fabric are patterned in a geometric pattern or logo. A variety of patterns can suitably be used to pattern the materials described above, including, without limitation, patterns with multiple shapes, widths, angles, connective channels with uniform or non-uniform thicknesses, and/or multiple widths, radii, angles, or curvatures. For example, in some embodiments, a material of the present disclosure has hydrophilic connective channels with uniform or non-uniform thicknesses, and/or multiple widths, radii, angles, or curvatures.

In some embodiments, the one or more second hydrophilic regions of the inner surface of the fabric are patterned in a geometric pattern, logo, text, or other design. Exemplary configurations using this concept are illustrated by <FIG> shows a radially symmetric pattern of hydrophilic channels that are connected at the center, and surrounded by the hydrophobic region. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is thought that this type of pattern can facilitate moisture movement away from an area of dense perspiration to dryer areas. <FIG> shows a laterally symmetric pattern of hydrophilic regions using both connected channels and discrete shapes. The spaces between the hydrophilic regions are filled by the hydrophobic regions, and the pattern is surrounded by a further hydrophobic region.

A variety of hydrophobic materials can suitably be used as described above, e.g., in any of the materials described as "hydrophobic" herein, such as the outer surface or one or more regions of the inner surface of a fabric of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, a hydrophobic material of the present disclosure comprises polypropylene, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), fluoro-polymer (including without limitation a polymer made from tetrafluoroethylene-, vinyl fluoride-, perfluoroether-, vinylidene fluoride-, or chlorotrifluoroethylene-based monomers, such as polytetrafluoroethylene or PTFE), olefin, or a blend thereof. In some embodiments, hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic material can be achieved through a hydrophobic and/or liquid-repellent coating (e.g., a fluoropolymer, silicone, hydrosilicone, fluoroacrylate, or wax) or using inherent hydrophobic fibers, including polypropylene, PDMS, PTFE, etc. For example, a hydrophobic material of the present disclosure can comprise a porous material of the present disclosure with a hydrophobic coating (e.g., on an outer surface and/or hydrophobic portion of an inner surface). Such porous materials can include, without limitation, a mesh, a foam, a polymer, or a textile of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the textile includes without limitation a natural fiber, a synthetic fiber, or a blend thereof. For example, in some embodiments, a textile of the present disclosure can include without limitation cotton, hemp, linen, rayon, coconut fiber, cellulose, wool, silk, bamboo, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, glass, acetate, polyester, nylon, lyocell, modal, poly-paraphenylene, terephthalamide, elastin fiber, and/or any blend thereof.

A variety of hydrophilic materials can suitably be used as described above, e.g., in any of the materials described as "hydrophilic" herein, such as one or more regions of the inner surface of a fabric of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, a hydrophilic material of the present disclosure is a textile. In some embodiments, the textile includes without limitation a natural fiber, a synthetic fiber, or a blend thereof. For example, in some embodiments, a textile of the present disclosure can include without limitation cotton, rayon, coconut fiber, cellulose, silk, bamboo, and/or any blend thereof. In some embodiments, hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic material can be achieved through a hydrophilic and/or liquid-absorbent coating (e.g., hydrophilic silicone). For example, a hydrophilic material of the present disclosure can comprise a porous material of the present disclosure with a hydrophilic coating on at least one region of the inner surface, e.g., as described above. Such porous materials can include, without limitation, a textile of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the textile includes without limitation a natural fiber, a synthetic fiber, or a blend thereof. For example, in some embodiments, a textile of the present disclosure can include without limitation cotton, hemp, linen, rayon, coconut fiber, cellulose, wool, silk, bamboo, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, glass, acetate, polyester, nylon, lyocell, modal, poly-paraphenylene, terephthalamide, elastin fiber, and/or any blend thereof.

In some embodiments, and as described in greater detail in section II below, a hydrophobic material of the present disclosure includes a hydrophobic yarn. Materials that can be used for hydrophobic yarns include without limitation inherently hydrophobic fibers (e.g., contact angle of material is higher than <NUM> degrees), including polypropylene, polydimethylsiloxane and fluoropolymer. Suitable materials can also include yarns or textiles modified by water/oil repellent coatings (e.g. fluoropolymer, silicone, wax), including treated natural and synthetic yarns, and blends. In some embodiments, the textile is selected from the group consisting of cotton, hemp, rayon, coconut fiber, cellulose, wool, silk, bamboo, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, glass, acetate, polyester, nylon, elastin fiber, and any blend thereof.

In some embodiments, and as described in greater detail in section II below, a hydrophilic material of the present disclosure includes a hydrophilic yarn. Materials that can be used for hydrophilic yarns include without limitation inherently hydrophilic fibers, including cotton, cellulose, rayon, coconut fiber, silk, bamboo. Suitable materials can also include hydrophilic treated natural and synthetic yarns, including natural and synthetic yarns and blends. In some embodiments, the textile is selected from the group consisting of wool, silk, bamboo, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, glass, acetate, polyester, elastin fiber, and any blend thereof.

As described above, in some embodiments, a fabric of the present disclosure can comprise an outer hydrophobic surface, and an inner surface with one or more first hydrophobic regions and one or more second hydrophilic regions. In some embodiments, a hydrophilic material of the one or more second regions will not resist a hydrostatic pressure (equal to 0pa). In some embodiments, a hydrophobic material of the present disclosure is able to resist a hydrostatic pressure of greater than 0pa.

In some embodiments, hydrophobicity can refer to the hydrostatic pressure able to be resisted by the material. In some embodiments, a hydrophobic material of the present disclosure (e.g., on an outer surface and/or hydrophobic portion of an inner surface) resists a hydrostatic pressure of greater than or equal to about 150pa, greater than or equal to about 200pa, greater than or equal to about 250pa, greater than or equal to about 300pa, greater than or equal to about 350pa, greater than or equal to about 400pa, greater than or equal to about 450pa, greater than or equal to about 500pa, greater than or equal to about 600pa, greater than or equal to about 700pa, greater than or equal to about 800pa, greater than or equal to about 900pa, greater than or equal to about 1kpa, greater than or equal to about <NUM> kpa, greater than or equal to about <NUM> kpa, greater than or equal to about <NUM> kpa, or greater than or equal to about <NUM> kpa. In some embodiments, a hydrophobic material of the present disclosure (e.g., on an outer surface and/or hydrophobic portion of an inner surface) resists a hydrostatic pressure of less than or equal to about 3kpa, less than or equal to about <NUM>. 5kpa, less than or equal to about 2kpa, less than or equal to about <NUM>. 5kpa, less than or equal to about 1kpa, less than or equal to about 900pa, less than or equal to about 800pa, less than or equal to about 700pa, less than or equal to about 600pa, less than or equal to about 500pa, less than or equal to about 450pa, less than or equal to about 400pa, less than or equal to about 350pa, less than or equal to about 300pa, less than or equal to about 250pa, less than or equal to about 200pa, or less than or equal to about 150pa. For example, in some embodiments, a hydrophobic material of the present disclosure (e.g., on an outer surface and/or hydrophobic portion of an inner surface) resists a hydrostatic pressure less than about any of the following hydrostatic pressures (in pa): <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM>. In some embodiments, a hydrophobic material of the present disclosure (e.g., on an outer surface and/or hydrophobic portion of an inner surface) resists a hydrostatic pressure greater than about any of the following hydrostatic pressures (in pa): <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM>. That is, the hydrophobic material of the present disclosure (e.g., on an outer surface and/or hydrophobic portion of an inner surface) can resist a hydrostatic pressure of any of a range of hydrostatic pressures having an upper limit of <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> pa and an independently selected lower limit of <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or 2500pa, wherein the lower limit is less than the upper limit. For example, in some embodiments, a hydrophobic material of the present disclosure (e.g., on an outer surface and/or hydrophobic portion of an inner surface) resists a hydrostatic pressure of between about 500pa and about 3000pa. Techniques for measuring hydrostatic pressure resistance are known in the art. For example, a standard technique is the use of a hydrostatic head tester. The device applies an increasing value of water pressure on a fabric sample, and the maximum hydrostatic pressure is recorded when water penetrates through the sample and leakage happens.

In some embodiments, the hydrophilic material of a second region of the present disclosure (e.g., a hydrophilic portion of an inner surface of the present disclosure, such as regions <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, and/or <NUM> as described supra) comprises <NUM>% to <NUM>% of the total thickness of the fabric. In some embodiments, a hydrophilic material of the present disclosure comprises a percentage of the total thickness of the fabric greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, greater than or equal to about <NUM>%, or greater than or equal to about <NUM>%. In some embodiments, a hydrophilic material of the present disclosure comprises a percentage of the total thickness of the fabric less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, less than or equal to about <NUM>%, or less than or equal to about <NUM>%. For example, in some embodiments, a hydrophilic material of the present disclosure comprises a percentage of the total thickness of the fabric less than about any of the following percentages: <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>%. In some embodiments, a hydrophilic material of the present disclosure comprises a percentage of the total thickness of the fabric less than about any of the following percentages: <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>%. That is, the hydrophilic material of the present disclosure comprises the total thickness of the fabric of any of a range of percentages having an upper limit of <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>% and an independently selected lower limit of <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>%, wherein the lower limit is less than the upper limit.

In some embodiments, the hydrophobic material of the outer surface is the same as the hydrophobic material of the one or more first regions of the inner surface. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic material of the outer surface is different from the hydrophobic material of the one or more first regions of the inner surface.

In some embodiments, the collective area of the hydrophilic second region(s) of the inner surface comprises less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, or less than about <NUM>% of the surface area of the inner surface. In some embodiments, the collective area of the hydrophilic second region(s) of the inner surface comprises greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, or greater than about <NUM>% of the surface area of the inner surface. For example, in some embodiments, the collective area of the hydrophilic second region(s) of the inner surface comprises less than: <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>% of the surface area of the inner surface. In some embodiments, the collective area of the hydrophilic second region(s) of the inner surface comprises greater than: <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>% of the surface area of the inner surface. That is, the collective area of the hydrophilic second region(s) of the inner surface comprises any of a range of percentages having an upper limit of <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>% and an independently selected lower limit of <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>%, wherein the lower limit is less than the upper limit. For example, in some embodiments, the collective area of the hydrophilic second region(s) of the inner surface comprises a percentage between about <NUM>% and about <NUM>% of the surface area of the inner surface.

In some embodiments, the collective area of the hydrophobic first region(s) of the inner surface comprises less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, or less than about <NUM>% of the surface area of the inner surface. In some embodiments, the collective area of the hydrophobic first region(s) of the inner surface comprises greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, or greater than about <NUM>% of the surface area of the inner surface. For example, in some embodiments, the collective area of the hydrophobic first region(s) of the inner surface comprises less than: <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>% of the surface area of the inner surface. In some embodiments, the collective area of the hydrophobic first region(s) of the inner surface comprises greater than: <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>% of the surface area of the inner surface. That is, the collective area of the hydrophobic first region(s) of the inner surface comprises any of a range of percentages having an upper limit of <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>% and an independently selected lower limit of <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>%, wherein the lower limit is less than the upper limit. For example, in some embodiments, the collective area of the hydrophobic first region(s) of the inner surface comprises a percentage between about <NUM>% and about <NUM>% of the surface area of the inner surface.

In some embodiments, the collective surface area of the hydrophilic regions and the collective surface of the hydrophobic regions of the inner surface of a fabric of the present disclosure are substantially equivalent, i.e. each region comprises about <NUM>% of the surface area of the inner surface of the fabric. Exemplary patterns using this concept are illustrated in the patterns shown in <FIG>, each of which contains substantially similar hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface areas despite their multiple different patterns.

In some embodiments, the proportion of the collective area of the one or more hydrophilic regions (e.g., the one or more second regions of the inner surface) to the surface area of the inner and outer surfaces of the fabric (i.e. the total surface area of the fabric) comprises a percentage between about <NUM>% and about <NUM>% of the surface area of the inner surface. In some embodiments, the proportion of the collective area of the one or more hydrophilic regions to the total surface area of the fabric is less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, or less than about <NUM>%. In some embodiments, the proportion of the collective area of the one or more hydrophilic regions to the total surface area of the fabric is greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, greater than about <NUM>%, or greater than about <NUM>%. For example, in some embodiments, the proportion of the collective area of the one or more hydrophilic regions to the total surface area of the fabric comprises less than: <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>%. In some embodiments, the proportion of the collective area of the one or more hydrophilic regions to the total surface area of the fabric comprises greater than: <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>%. That is, the proportion of the collective area of the one or more hydrophilic regions to the total surface area of the fabric comprises any of a range of percentages having an upper limit of <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>% and an independently selected lower limit of <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or <NUM>%, wherein the lower limit is less than the upper limit. In some embodiments, the surface area of each of the hydrophilic regions is added together to provide a total of the collective area, and this total is then divided by the surface area of the inner surface of the fabric to provide a percentage of the collective area of the one or more hydrophilic regions (e.g., the one or more second regions of the inner surface).

The fabrics described herein can find use in a variety of applications, either as the entire material for an item, or as a subset thereof. In some embodiments, a fabric of the present disclosure can be a component of bedding, footwear, seat covers, outdoor gear, upholstery, or an accessory. Further provided herein are garments comprising any of the fabrics of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the fabric described herein is used in a garment, and the inner surface of the fabric faces the skin of the wearer of the garment. In some embodiments, the entire inner surface of the garment is patterned with hydrophilic patterns for partial absorption, and the entire outer surface of the garment is hydrophobic, thereby preventing the appearance of perspiration on the outside of the garment. In some embodiments, the garment includes at least a portion of the following items, without limitation: a coat, a dress, a skirt, a sports bra, an undergarment, a pant, a short, or a sock. In some embodiments, the garment is a shirt. In some embodiments, the fabric is used in the shirt at one or more of an underarm area, a mid-back area, a lower-back area, a front chest area, a stomach area, and a shoulder area.

In some embodiments, a fabric described herein is used for localized treatment of a shirt in the mid-back area and/or the lower-back area. In some embodiments, the treatment is localized to areas of higher sweat production.

Exemplary treatments of a shirt <NUM> are illustrated in <FIG> illustrates the front view of a shirt <NUM> with a fabric of the present disclosure (e.g., as illustrated in <FIG> or otherwise described herein) in the left front region <NUM> and in the right front region <NUM>. <FIG> illustrates the back view of a shirt with a fabric of the present disclosure (e.g., as illustrated in <FIG> or otherwise described herein) in the mid-back region <NUM>. Advantageously, these treatments provide moisture control in areas of high accumulation of perspiration.

In some embodiments, a fabric described herein is used for localized treatment of a shirt such that the fabric is surrounded by a hydrophobic boundary or barrier to prevent liquid from spreading beyond the treated area. In some embodiments, the fabric used in the garment is patterned so the one or more hydrophobic first regions form an interconnected lattice.

One exemplary treatment of a shirt <NUM> in accordance with this embodiment is illustrated in <FIG>. The shirt <NUM> is locally treated with a fabric that is surrounded (e.g., entirely) by the hydrophobic boundary <NUM>. The fabric is patterned with a hydrophobic lattice <NUM> that contains hydrophilic regions <NUM>, and is also entirely surrounded by hydrophilic region <NUM>. In this example, moisture that accumulates in hydrophilic regions <NUM> is contained by hydrophobic boundary <NUM>. In some embodiments, the fabric used in the garment is patterned so the one or more hydrophilic second regions form an interconnected lattice.

The hydrophobic boundary can facilitate different types of moisture spreading control. In a low moisture setting, moisture can remain absorbed inside the hydrophobic boundary until it evaporates, whereas in a high moisture setting, moisture can accumulate at the hydrophobic barrier and eventually drip off of the material. This process is illustrated in <FIG>. The shirt <NUM> is treated with a fabric that is patterned with a hydrophilic lattice <NUM>. The hydrophilic lattice contains hydrophobic regions <NUM>, and is also surrounded by a hydrophobic boundary <NUM>. When a sufficient amount of moisture is absorbed by hydrophilic lattice <NUM>, the moisture will accumulate at hydrophobic boundary <NUM>, and form moisture droplets <NUM> that will drip off of the material. For example, in a high perspiration setting, perspiration accumulates at the hydrophobic boundary and then drips off the material.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods of making an article or fabric having improved moisture management. Exemplary methods of making these articles are set forth below, but the skilled artisan will appreciate that various fabrication methods and materials known in the art can be used to manufacture the articles of the present disclosure, depending upon the specific configuration of the article, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Any of the materials, patterns, and affixtures described supra can find use in the methods of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, a method of making a fabric includes: (a) providing a hydrophilic material comprising an outer and an inner surface, the inner surface comprising one or more first regions and one or more second regions; (b) screen printing a first hydrophobic material to the first side surface such that the first hydrophobic material penetrates the hydrophilic fabric in order to define a first layer with a single region that is hydrophobic; and (c) screen printing a second hydrophobic material to a plurality of selected portions of the second side surface such that the second hydrophobic material penetrates the hydrophilic fabric in order to define a second layer having a plurality of hydrophobic first regions corresponding to the selected portions of the second side surface, and a plurality of hydrophilic second regions corresponding to unselected portions of the second side surface that do not receive the second hydrophobic material, wherein said first regions of the second layer of said fabric are in direct contact with said single region of the first layer of said fabric, and said second regions of the second layer of said fabric are in direct contact with said single region of the first layer of said fabric; and incorporating the fabric into a garment such that an inner surface of the garment, which is configured to face a wearer's body when the garment is worn, corresponds to the second side surface of the fabric, and a outer surface of the garment, which is configured to face away from the wearer's body, corresponds to the single region of the first layer of the fabric, and wherein said method produces said garment with said fabric having a structure which keeps moisture from accumulating along said single region of the first layer, thereby preventing perspiration from being seen from outside of said garment. Thus, the fabric includes an outer surface comprising a hydrophobic material and an inner surface comprising one or more first regions comprising the first hydrophobic materials and one or more second regions comprising the hydrophilic material, wherein the one or more first regions and the one or more second regions are different. Any of the patterns, outer surfaces, inner surfaces and regions thereof, and materials described supra can be used.

Exemplary process <NUM> for making a fabric of the present disclosure is illustrated in <FIG>. As shown in <FIG>, process <NUM> starts with hydrophilic material <NUM>. Material <NUM> can be any of the exemplary hydrophilic materials described herein or otherwise known in the art. To begin process <NUM>, material <NUM> is laid flat such that one surface (designated as "C" in <FIG>) moves in direction E and is facing the roller <NUM> which has the rolling direction D. Screen roller <NUM> is then used to put down enough hydrophobic material to penetrate material <NUM>. The hydrophobic material can be any of the exemplary materials described herein. In this example, the mesh size of the screen, viscosity of ink, and/or pressure is used such that the hydrophobic material penetrates halfway through the thickness of the hydrophilic material <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>. In some embodiments, one or more these factors can be varied to increase or decrease penetration. For example, in some embodiments, lower mesh size, lower ink viscosity, and/or higher pressure can result in greater penetration of the material into the fabric. In this example, roller <NUM> does not have a pattern, so it completely covers the material surface with a controlled layer of hydrophobic material <NUM>. A close-up, cross-sectional view of process <NUM> is provided in <FIG>.

Exemplary process <NUM> for making a fabric of the present disclosure is illustrated in <FIG>. As shown in <FIG>, in some embodiments, process <NUM> is conducted using the material <NUM> after process <NUM> is completed (e.g., a drying step follows process <NUM>, and then the material <NUM> is turned over so that the opposite surface faces the roller, here designated as "F"). In process <NUM>, a screen roller <NUM> is used to apply a hydrophobic material to the back surface "F" in such a way that a pattern is formed. In this example, the pattern is a hydrophilic lattice comprising the hydrophilic material, wherein the spaces of the lattice are filled with regions <NUM> of the applied hydrophobic material. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic material of process <NUM> is the same as that of process <NUM>. In other embodiments, the hydrophobic material of process <NUM> is a different hydrophobic material. <FIG> shows a cross-sectional view of process <NUM>. In this example, a mesh size of screen, viscosity of ink, and/or pressure is used such that the hydrophobic material penetrates over halfway through the thickness of the hydrophilic material <NUM> such that regions <NUM> (deposited by roller <NUM> in process <NUM>) overlap with region <NUM> (deposited by roller <NUM> in process <NUM>). In this example, the overlap of regions <NUM> and <NUM> ensures that hydrophilic regions remain isolated on the inner surface. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is thought that this isolation can prevent absorbed liquid from moving parallel to the material surfaces. In some embodiments, one or more of these factors can be varied to increase or decrease penetration. Thus, after processes <NUM> and <NUM>, a material is generated having an outer hydrophobic surface (e.g., <NUM>), and an inner surface with one or more hydrophilic regions remaining from the original hydrophilic material <NUM> and one or more applied hydrophobic regions (e.g., <NUM>). In some embodiments, region <NUM> comprises about <NUM>% of the total thickness of the finished material, and region <NUM> comprises about <NUM>% of the total thickness of the finished material.

In some embodiments, a method of making a fabric includes: (a) providing a hydrophilic material comprising an outer and an inner surface, the outer surface comprising one or more first regions and one or more second regions; (b) screen printing a first hydrophobic material onto one or more first regions of the outer surface of the hydrophilic material such that the first hydrophobic material penetrates through the hydrophilic material to generate an inner surface comprising one or more first regions comprising the first hydrophobic material and one or more second regions comprising the hydrophilic material; and (c) screen printing a second hydrophobic material onto the outer surface of the hydrophilic material such that the second hydrophobic material penetrates through the hydrophilic material to generate an outer surface comprising the second hydrophobic material. Thus, the fabric includes an outer surface comprising a hydrophobic material and an inner surface comprising one or more first regions comprising the first hydrophobic materials and one or more second regions comprising the hydrophilic material, wherein the one or more first regions and the one or more second regions are different. In some embodiments, the one or more hydrophobic first regions of the inner surface are in contact with at least a portion of the hydrophobic material of the outer surface. In some embodiments, the first and the second hydrophobic materials are the same. In other embodiments, the first and the second hydrophobic materials are different. Any of the patterns, outer surfaces, inner surfaces and regions thereof, and materials described supra can be used.

Exemplary process <NUM> for making a fabric of the present disclosure is illustrated in <FIG>. As shown in <FIG>, process <NUM> starts with hydrophilic material <NUM>. Material <NUM> can be any of the exemplary hydrophilic materials described herein or otherwise known in the art. To begin process <NUM>, material <NUM> is laid flat such that one surface (designated as "G" in <FIG>) is facing the roller and moves in direction E. Screen roller <NUM> (in the roller direction D) is used to apply a hydrophobic material to the front "G" surface of fabric <NUM> in such a way that a pattern is formed. In this example, the pattern is a hydrophilic lattice comprising the hydrophilic material, wherein the spaces of the lattice are filled with regions <NUM> of the applied hydrophobic material. In this example, a mesh size of screen, viscosity of ink, and/or pressure is used such that the hydrophobic material penetrates entirely through the thickness of the hydrophilic material <NUM>. To continue process <NUM>, screen roller <NUM> (in the roller direction D) is then used to apply a hydrophobic material to the front "G" surface of fabric <NUM>. In this example, roller <NUM> is patterned such that the pattern fills in the hydrophilic lattice left by roller <NUM>. Unlike for roller <NUM>, however, for roller <NUM>, a mesh size of screen, viscosity of ink, and/or pressure is used such that the hydrophobic material penetrates halfway through the thickness of the hydrophilic material <NUM>. This creates a surface that includes region <NUM> comprising the hydrophobic material deposited through roller <NUM>. The hydrophobic material can be any of the exemplary materials described herein. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic material deposited by roller <NUM> is the same as the hydrophobic material deposited by roller <NUM>. In other embodiments, the hydrophobic material deposited by roller <NUM> is a different material. A close-up, cross-sectional view of process <NUM> is provided in <FIG>. Thus, after process <NUM>, a material is generated having an outer hydrophobic surface (e.g., <NUM>), and an inner surface with one or more hydrophilic regions remaining from the original hydrophilic material <NUM> and one or more applied hydrophobic regions (e.g., <NUM>).

Some printing methods use various thickeners to keep the ink from migrating and to maintain a clear or well-defined print. In printing in general, there are a number of variables which can be controlled by one of ordinary skill in the art. Some variables such as print paste viscosity, amount of print paste applied, roller/wiper pressure, speeds, mesh size of the screen, etc., can be used to control the depth of penetration of the print paste. One way to control depth of ink penetration is to adjust the printing parameters so that the print paste can penetrate through the fabric without merging together.

In some embodiments, the outer surface comprises about <NUM>% of the total thickness of the fabric, and the inner surface comprises about <NUM>% of the total thickness of the fabric. In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the outer surface to the thickness of the inner surface is between about <NUM> to about <NUM>. Any of the patterns, outer surfaces, inner surfaces and regions thereof, and materials described supra can be used.

There are currently several many methods of textile printing available, including without limitation flatbed printing, rotary printing, inkjet printing, and so forth. Any hydrophilic material of the present disclosure, including but not limited to cotton, treated polyester, nylon, silk, bamboo fibers in woven, knitted or non-woven structure, can be used as the material substrate or hydrophilic material (e.g., <NUM>, <NUM>). Any of the hydrophobic coatings described herein, such as fluorochemicals, silicones, waxes or other similar materials, can be used to create hydrophobic regions (e.g., <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>).

In some embodiments, a method of making a fabric of the present disclosure includes: (a) providing a hydrophobic material comprising an outer and an inner surface, the inner surface comprising one or more first regions and one or more second regions; and (b) screen printing a hydrophilic material onto one or more first regions of the inner surface. Thus, the fabric includes an outer surface comprising the hydrophobic material and an inner surface comprising one or more first regions comprising the hydrophobic material and one or more second regions comprising the printed hydrophilic material, wherein the one or more first regions and the one or more second regions are different. In some embodiments, the outer surface comprises about <NUM>% of the total thickness of the fabric, and the inner surface comprises about <NUM>% of the total thickness of the fabric. In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the outer surface to the thickness of the inner surface is between about <NUM> to about <NUM>. Any of the patterns, outer surfaces, inner surfaces and regions thereof, and materials described supra can be used.

The present disclosure will be more fully understood by reference to the following example. It should not, however, be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

Various patterns were examined for their moisture control properties, as shown in <FIG>. All six patterned samples (for experimental patterns, see <FIG>) had partially hydrophobic inner surfaces, completely hydrophobic outer surfaces, and identical hydrophilic surface areas (samples were <NUM> by <NUM> cut from <NUM>% polyester interlock, machine screen-printed with a high viscosity hydrophobic ink using an <NUM> mesh size screen on the inner and outer surfaces to pattern a <NUM><NUM> inner surface area). Three patterns (<FIG>) were designed to have isolated hydrophilic areas, while the other three patterns (<FIG>) were designed to have connected hydrophilic areas that allowed moisture to move over the whole hydrophilic surface area of the pattern. The control pattern sample (see <FIG>) had a completely hydrophilic inner surface and a completely hydrophobic outer surface (see, e.g., Schoeller 3XDry® technology; sample was <NUM> by <NUM> cut from <NUM>% polyester interlock, machine screen-printed with a high viscosity hydrophobic ink using an <NUM> mesh size screen on the outer surface to pattern a <NUM><NUM> inner surface area). Some patterns (<FIG>) showed improved moisture control properties as compared to other patterns (FIGS. 10A-10C) or a control pattern (<FIG>), as demonstrated below.

The samples were evaluated using two dry time testing protocols: <NUM>) maximum saturation, and <NUM>) under-saturation with a fixed volume. For both protocols, the samples were attached to a wire mesh frame and placed vertically to simulate the vertical drying environment of a garment on a body. Samples were initially weighed dry, and then weighed after water exposure. These two measurements were used to calculate wet pick up (WPU), which is the ratio of the weight of the water picked up to the initial weight of the dry fabric. Periodic measurements were taken as the samples dried until the samples reached their initial dry weight, and these measurements were used to calculate total dry time. Initial WPU and total dry time were measured and calculated for each sample.

For the maximum saturation protocol, all samples were submerged in distilled water for <NUM> minutes to achieve complete saturation. Then the samples were removed from the water and hung vertically for <NUM> minute to allow excess water to drain. At <NUM> minute, the weight of each sample was recorded, and this measurement was used to calculate initial WPU. Further weight measurements were taken as the samples dried in an average environment of <NUM>% relative humidity and <NUM>, and these measurements were used in recording and calculating total dry time.

<FIG> & <FIG> demonstrate the improved moisture control behavior of some exemplary patterns on the inner surface of an exemplary fabric as disclosed herein. The results from the maximum saturation protocol showed that hydrophobic regions on the inner surface tend to reduce the dry time of the fabric, and that pattern type affects the dry time of the fabric. <FIG> shows the Maximum Saturation Test Results where the average drying times K in minutes for the patterned samples L (for patterns, see <FIG>, Control C) ranged from <NUM>±<NUM> minutes (sample pattern shown in <FIG>) to <NUM>±<NUM> minutes (sample pattern shown in <FIG>) and most patterned samples dried faster than the control pattern sample (control pattern shown in <FIG>) which took an average of <NUM>±<NUM> minutes to dry. Those samples with patterns designed to have isolated hydrophilic areas (sample patterns shown in <FIG>) showed a correlation between the pattern design and initial wet pick up WPU, which affected the dry time K. For example, the average WPU of the sample with pattern A, which had large isolated hydrophilic areas (sample pattern shown in <FIG>), was <NUM>%, whereas the average WPU of the sample with pattern C, which had small isolated hydrophilic areas (sample pattern shown in <FIG>), was <NUM>%. This higher average WPU correlated with a longer drying time K, and the sample with pattern 8C (sample pattern shown in <FIG>) was the only one of the six patterned samples to have a longer dry time (<NUM>% longer dry time, <NUM>% lower initial WPU) than the control pattern sample (control pattern shown in <FIG>). Those samples with patterns designed to have connected hydrophilic areas (sample patterns shown in <FIG>) showed lower initial WPU and faster dry times K than the samples with patterns designed to have isolated hydrophilic areas (sample patterns shown in <FIG>). The sample with pattern 8F (sample pattern shown in <FIG>) dried the fastest; it was <NUM>% faster to dry than the sample with pattern 8D (sample pattern shown in <FIG>) with only <NUM>% less initial WPU. In comparison to the control pattern sample (sample pattern shown in <FIG>), the sample with pattern 8F (sample pattern shown in <FIG>) dried <NUM> minutes (<NUM>%) faster.

These results suggest that isolated hydrophilic areas are able to reduce drying times when they are larger, as in patterns 8A and 8B (shown in <FIG>), but are not effective in reducing drying time when isolated hydrophilic areas are small, as in pattern 8C (shown in <FIG>). These results also indicate that connected hydrophilic areas (shown in <FIG>) help to reduce the dry times of the fabrics at the same wet pick up. Overall, the results show that patterning inner surfaces with hydrophilic areas is advantageous in reducing drying time.

For the under-saturation protocol the Under Saturation Dry Time Results are shown in <FIG>, <FIG> droplets (<NUM>) of water were placed on the center of the inner surface of samples with patterns 8D-8F (sample patterns shown in <FIG>) and the control pattern sample M (control pattern shown in <FIG>) by pipet. The samples were left horizontal for <NUM> minute, after which they were weighed, and this measurement was used to calculate initial WPU. Then the samples were hung vertically, measurements were taken periodically from <NUM> minute until the samples returned to their initial dry weight, and these measurements were used in recording and calculating total dry time.

The results from the under-saturation protocol showed that at low saturation levels, an increased number of connected hydrophilic areas made the drying rate faster (see <FIG>). The average drying times K (in minutes) for the patterned samples (sample patterns shown in <FIG>). ranged from <NUM>±<NUM> minutes (sample pattern shown in <FIG>) to <NUM>±<NUM> minutes (sample pattern shown in <FIG>). and all patterned samples dried faster than the control pattern sample (control pattern shown in <FIG>), which took an average of <NUM>±<NUM> minutes to dry. The sample with pattern 8F (sample pattern shown in <FIG>) dried the fastest of the three patterned samples, and <NUM>% faster than the control pattern sample (control pattern shown in <FIG>). Overall, the results showed that patterning inner surfaces with connected hydrophilic areas is advantageous in reducing drying time K.

The drying process of the sample with pattern 8F as compared to the drying process of the control pattern sample during the under-saturation protocol was imaged over the course of <NUM> minutes and is shown in <FIG>. The initial image <FIG> shows the restricted area of moisture on the sample with pattern 8F (sample pattern shown in <FIG>) just after droplet application, as well as the spot on the control pattern sample (control pattern shown in <FIG>) that resulted from droplet application for one (<NUM>) minute. In the following images (<FIG> (results after two (<NUM>) minutes), <FIG> (results after three (<NUM>) minutes), <FIG> (results after four (<NUM>) minutes), <FIG> (results after five (<NUM>) minutes), <FIG> (results after forty (<NUM>) minutes), the spread of the moisture through the connected hydrophilic areas can be seen on the sample with pattern 8F (sample pattern shown in <FIG>), whereas the control pattern (control pattern shown in <FIG>) sample spot remains the same size. In the final image (<FIG>), the sample with pattern 8F (sample pattern shown in <FIG>) appears dry, while the control pattern sample (control pattern shown in <FIG>) remains wet. These results demonstrate that moisture spreads further away from the source point and dries faster when a fabric is patterned with connected hydrophilic areas.

In summary, the results demonstrate the unique properties of the improved moisture control behavior of some exemplary patterns on the inner surface of an exemplary fabric disclosed herein, as compared to existing fabrics. Most of the samples patterned with the exemplary patterns disclosed herein were able to pick up less moisture initially and were able to dry faster in the maximum saturation test than the control pattern sample. Furthermore, the samples patterned with the exemplary patterns disclosed herein were able to dry faster than the control pattern sample when the same amount of moisture was initially applied in the under-saturation test. These results indicate that the application of patterned hydrophilic areas interspersed with patterned hydrophobic areas on the inner surface of a material, in particular when applied in a pattern wherein the hydrophilic areas are connected, results in faster drying times and therefore improved moisture control.

A wear trial was conducted by a male athlete wearing a prototype shirt <NUM> (<NUM>% cotton, single jersey knit fabric, fabric weight <NUM>/m<NUM>) that was treated with the improved moisture control fabric of the present disclosure on the inside of a shirt on one side <NUM>. The prototype shirt was constructed using a cotton t-shirt. First, the right sleeve of the t-shirt was removed. Second, the outer surface of the right sleeve and the right side of the shirt were covered by a completely hydrophobic coating to about <NUM>% penetration. Third, the coated t-shirt and sleeve were sent through an oven to dry the coating. Fourth, the t-shirt and the sleeve were turned inside out and printed with a hydrophobic pattern (similar to the one depicted in <FIG>) surrounded by a hydrophobic barrier (similar to hydrophobic barriers/boundaries <NUM> and <NUM> illustrated in <FIG> & <FIG>). Fifth, the printed t-shirt and sleeve were sent through an oven to completely cure the coatings. Finally, the sleeve was sewn back onto the t-shirt, and the t-shirt was turned right-side out again.

In order to test the shirt, the athlete played an outdoor game of competitive basketball for approximately <NUM> hour. Pictures were taken during and after the test. During the test, the fabric performed well, maintaining a dry outer surface in the treated area <NUM> (<FIG>) while the surface of the non-treated fabric region <NUM> became wet. After the test, the shirt was removed and turned inside out. In the treated region <NUM>, only the patterned hydrophilic regions <NUM> were found to be wet, while the surrounding area remained dry (<FIG>). In the untreated region <NUM>, the inside of the shirt was as wet as the outside of the shirt (<FIG>). These results validate the improved moisture control properties of the fabrics disclosed herein under actual use conditions.

A second wear trial was conducted by a male athlete wearing a prototype shirt (<NUM>% cotton, single jersey knit, fabric weight <NUM>/m<NUM>) as an undershirt under a woven cotton dress shirt <NUM>. As in the first wear trial, one armpit of the undershirt is composed of a two-layer structure of the improved moisture control fabric <NUM> (as shown in <FIG>). The other armpit of the undershirt was composed of the same two-layer structure made of the same fabrics, but without the improved moisture control treatment. In order to test the undershirt, the athlete first ran on a treadmill for <NUM> minutes, then walked quickly on the treadmill for <NUM> minutes. At the end of the test, pictures were taken to compare the wetness at the armpits of the dress shirt. In the treated region <NUM>, the armpit remained dry, whereas in the untreated region <NUM>, the armpit became wet and this resulted in a clear dark mark in the armpit region of the dress shirt.

Claim 1:
A garment comprising a fabric, the fabric including:
an inner layer defining an inner surface of the garment and configured to face the skin of a wearer of the garment; and
an outer layer defining an outer surface opposite the inner surface,
the outer layer comprising a single region comprising a hydrophobic material,
the inner layer comprising:
(i) one or more first regions comprising a hydrophobic material, and
(ii) one or more second regions consisting of a hydrophilic material,
wherein the one or more first regions and the one or more second regions are different,
and
wherein the hydrophobic material of the first regions is in contact with the hydrophobic material of the outer layer.