Patent Description:
<CIT> discloses reference signal mapping in which data is transmitted over a transmission link that is configured based on a mapping between two reference signals, each of which is configured with a different subset of one or more network parameters. There is also disclosure of dividing a plurality of SRS resource sets into a plurality of groups based on network parameters of SRS resources or SRS resource sets and transmitting only one SRS resource in each of the resource sets at an identical time, with SRS resources in different resource sets being able to be transmitted simultaneously. <CIT> related to enhanced uplink beam management systems, and includes disclosure of performing an RRC configuration for all SRS resources. A subset of the RRC configured SRS resources is signaled , and a selected SRS is indicated for SRS or PUSCH transmission. <CIT> discloses the use of SRS configuration information. Two OFDM symbol sets are configured by a network device, and one of the OFDM symbol sets is indicated by the configuration information.

The scope of the present invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Any embodiments that do not fall under the scope of the claims are examples which are useful for understanding the invention, but do not form a part of the invention.

While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and/or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail/purchasing devices, medical devices, or artificial intelligence-enabled devices). Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, or system-level components. Devices incorporating described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals may include a number of components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, or summers). It is intended that aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution.

The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller/processor <NUM>) and memory <NUM> to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (for example, as described with reference to <FIG>).

The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller/processor <NUM>) and memory <NUM> to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (for example, as described with reference to <FIG>).

Controller/processor <NUM> of base station <NUM>, controller/processor <NUM> of UE <NUM>, and/or any other component(s) of <FIG> may perform one or more techniques associated with reference signal configuration and QCL mappings for wide bandwidth systems, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, controller/processor <NUM> of base station <NUM>, controller/processor <NUM> of UE <NUM>, and/or any other component(s) of <FIG> may perform or direct operations of, for example, process <NUM> of <FIG>, process <NUM> of <FIG>, and/or other processes as described herein. Memories <NUM> and <NUM> may store data and program codes for base station <NUM> and UE <NUM>, respectively. In some aspects, memory <NUM> and/or memory <NUM> may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and/or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed (e.g., directly, or after compiling, converting, and/or interpreting) by one or more processors of the base station <NUM> and/or the UE <NUM>, may cause the one or more processors, the UE <NUM>, and/or the base station <NUM> to perform or direct operations of, for example, process <NUM> of <FIG>, process <NUM> of <FIG>, and/or other processes as described herein. In some aspects, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and/or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.

In some aspects, a UE (e.g., UE <NUM>) may include means for receiving a configuration that indicates a set of frequency components for carrier aggregation and that indicates multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, wherein different sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, of the multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, correspond to different subsets of frequency components included in the set of frequency components; means for monitoring for one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs, corresponding to a subset of frequency components included in the set of frequency components, based at least in part on the configuration; and/or the like. In some aspects, such means may include one or more components of UE <NUM> described in connection with <FIG>, such as controller/processor <NUM>, transmit processor <NUM>, TX MIMO processor <NUM>, MOD <NUM>, antenna <NUM>, DEMOD <NUM>, MIMO detector <NUM>, receive processor <NUM>, and/or the like.

In some aspects, a scheduling entity (e.g., base station <NUM>, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, and/or the like) may include means for transmitting a configuration that indicates a set of frequency components for carrier aggregation and that indicates multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, wherein different sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, of the multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, correspond to different subsets of frequency components included in the set of frequency components; means for transmitting one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs, corresponding to a subset of frequency components included in the set of frequency components, based at least in part on the configuration; and/or the like. In some aspects, such means may include one or more components of base station <NUM> described in connection with <FIG>, such as antenna <NUM>, DEMOD <NUM>, MIMO detector <NUM>, receive processor <NUM>, controller/processor <NUM>, transmit processor <NUM>, TX MIMO processor <NUM>, MOD <NUM>, antenna <NUM>, and/or the like.

<FIG> is a diagram illustrating an example beamforming architecture <NUM> that supports beamforming for millimeter wave (mmW) communications, in accordance with the present disclosure. In some aspects, architecture <NUM> may implement aspects of wireless network <NUM>. In some aspects, architecture <NUM> may be implemented in a transmitting device (e.g., a first wireless communication device, UE, or base station) and/or a receiving device (e.g., a second wireless communication device, UE, or base station), as described herein.

Broadly, <FIG> is a diagram illustrating example hardware components of a wireless communication device in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure. The illustrated components may include those that may be used for antenna element selection and/or for beamforming for transmission of wireless signals. There are numerous architectures for antenna element selection and implementing phase shifting, only one example of which is illustrated here. The architecture <NUM> includes a modem (modulator/demodulator) <NUM>, a digital to analog converter (DAC) <NUM>, a first mixer <NUM>, a second mixer <NUM>, and a splitter <NUM>. The architecture <NUM> also includes multiple first amplifiers <NUM>, multiple phase shifters <NUM>, multiple second amplifiers <NUM>, and an antenna array <NUM> that includes multiple antenna elements <NUM>. In some examples, the modem <NUM> may be one or more of the modems <NUM> or modems <NUM> described in connection with <FIG>.

Transmission lines or other waveguides, wires, and/or traces are shown connecting the various components to illustrate how signals to be transmitted may travel between components. Reference numbers <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> indicate regions in the architecture <NUM> in which different types of signals travel or are processed. Specifically, reference number <NUM> indicates a region in which digital baseband signals travel or are processed, reference number <NUM> indicates a region in which analog baseband signals travel or are processed, reference number <NUM> indicates a region in which analog intermediate frequency (IF) signals travel or are processed, and reference number <NUM> indicates a region in which analog radio frequency (RF) signals travel or are processed. The architecture also includes a local oscillator A <NUM>, a local oscillator B <NUM>, and a controller/processor <NUM>. In some aspects, controller/processor <NUM> corresponds to controller/processor <NUM> of the base station described above in connection with <FIG> and/or controller/processor <NUM> of the UE described above in connection with <FIG>.

Each of the antenna elements <NUM> may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving RF signals. For example, a single antenna element <NUM> may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements <NUM> may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements <NUM> may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements <NUM> may interact or interfere (e.g., to form a desired beam). For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, half wavelength, or other fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements <NUM> to allow for interaction or interference of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements <NUM> within that expected range.

The modem <NUM> processes and generates digital baseband signals and may also control operation of the DAC <NUM>, first and second mixers <NUM>, <NUM>, splitter <NUM>, first amplifiers <NUM>, phase shifters <NUM>, and/or the second amplifiers <NUM> to transmit signals via one or more or all of the antenna elements <NUM>. The modem <NUM> may process signals and control operation in accordance with a communication standard such as a wireless standard discussed herein. The DAC <NUM> may convert digital baseband signals received from the modem <NUM> (and that are to be transmitted) into analog baseband signals. The first mixer <NUM> upconverts analog baseband signals to analog IF signals within an IF using a local oscillator A <NUM>. For example, the first mixer <NUM> may mix the signals with an oscillating signal generated by the local oscillator A <NUM> to "move" the baseband analog signals to the IF. In some cases, some processing or filtering (not shown) may take place at the IF. The second mixer <NUM> upconverts the analog IF signals to analog RF signals using the local oscillator B <NUM>. Similar to the first mixer, the second mixer <NUM> may mix the signals with an oscillating signal generated by the local oscillator B <NUM> to "move" the IF analog signals to the RF or the frequency at which signals will be transmitted or received. The modem <NUM> and/or the controller/processor <NUM> may adjust the frequency of local oscillator A <NUM> and/or the local oscillator B <NUM> so that a desired IF and/or RF frequency is produced and used to facilitate processing and transmission of a signal within a desired bandwidth.

In the illustrated architecture <NUM>, signals upconverted by the second mixer <NUM> are split or duplicated into multiple signals by the splitter <NUM>. The splitter <NUM> in architecture <NUM> splits the RF signal into multiple identical or nearly identical RF signals. In other examples, the split may take place with any type of signal, including with baseband digital, baseband analog, or IF analog signals. Each of these signals may correspond to an antenna element <NUM>, and the signal travels through and is processed by amplifiers <NUM>, <NUM>, phase shifters <NUM>, and/or other elements corresponding to the respective antenna element <NUM> to be provided to and transmitted by the corresponding antenna element <NUM> of the antenna array <NUM>. In one example, the splitter <NUM> may be an active splitter that is connected to a power supply and provides some gain so that RF signals exiting the splitter <NUM> are at a power level equal to or greater than the signal entering the splitter <NUM>. In another example, the splitter <NUM> is a passive splitter that is not connected to power supply and the RF signals exiting the splitter <NUM> may be at a power level lower than the RF signal entering the splitter <NUM>.

After being split by the splitter <NUM>, the resulting RF signals may enter an amplifier, such as a first amplifier <NUM>, or a phase shifter <NUM> corresponding to an antenna element <NUM>. The first and second amplifiers <NUM>, <NUM> are illustrated with dashed lines because one or both of them might not be necessary in some aspects. In some aspects, both the first amplifier <NUM> and second amplifier <NUM> are present. In some aspects, neither the first amplifier <NUM> nor the second amplifier <NUM> is present. In some aspects, one of the two amplifiers <NUM>, <NUM> is present but not the other. By way of example, if the splitter <NUM> is an active splitter, the first amplifier <NUM> may not be used. By way of further example, if the phase shifter <NUM> is an active phase shifter that can provide a gain, the second amplifier <NUM> might not be used.

The amplifiers <NUM>, <NUM> may provide a desired level of positive or negative gain. A positive gain (positive dB) may be used to increase an amplitude of a signal for radiation by a specific antenna element <NUM>. A negative gain (negative dB) may be used to decrease an amplitude and/or suppress radiation of the signal by a specific antenna element. Each of the amplifiers <NUM>, <NUM> may be controlled independently (e.g., by the modem <NUM> or the controller/processor <NUM>) to provide independent control of the gain for each antenna element <NUM>. For example, the modem <NUM> and/or the controller/processor <NUM> may have at least one control line connected to each of the splitter <NUM>, first amplifiers <NUM>, phase shifters <NUM>, and/or second amplifiers <NUM> that may be used to configure a gain to provide a desired amount of gain for each component and thus each antenna element <NUM>.

The phase shifter <NUM> may provide a configurable phase shift or phase offset to a corresponding RF signal to be transmitted. The phase shifter <NUM> may be a passive phase shifter not directly connected to a power supply. Passive phase shifters might introduce some insertion loss. The second amplifier <NUM> may boost the signal to compensate for the insertion loss. The phase shifter <NUM> may be an active phase shifter connected to a power supply such that the active phase shifter provides some amount of gain or prevents insertion loss. The settings of each of the phase shifters <NUM> are independent, meaning that each can be independently set to provide a desired amount of phase shift or the same amount of phase shift or some other configuration. The modem <NUM> and/or the controller/processor <NUM> may have at least one control line connected to each of the phase shifters <NUM> and which may be used to configure the phase shifters <NUM> to provide a desired amount of phase shift or phase offset between antenna elements <NUM>.

In the illustrated architecture <NUM>, RF signals received by the antenna elements <NUM> are provided to one or more first amplifiers <NUM> to boost the signal strength. The first amplifiers <NUM> may be connected to the same antenna arrays <NUM> (e.g., for time division duplex (TDD) operations). The first amplifiers <NUM> may be connected to different antenna arrays <NUM>. The boosted RF signal is input into one or more phase shifters <NUM> to provide a configurable phase shift or phase offset for the corresponding received RF signal to enable reception via one or more Rx beams. The phase shifter <NUM> may be an active phase shifter or a passive phase shifter. The settings of the phase shifters <NUM> are independent, meaning that each can be independently set to provide a desired amount of phase shift or the same amount of phase shift or some other configuration. The modem <NUM> and/or the controller/processor <NUM> may have at least one control line connected to each of the phase shifters <NUM> and which may be used to configure the phase shifters <NUM> to provide a desired amount of phase shift or phase offset between antenna elements <NUM> to enable reception via one or more Rx beams.

The outputs of the phase shifters <NUM> may be input to one or more second amplifiers <NUM> for signal amplification of the phase shifted received RF signals. The second amplifiers <NUM> may be individually configured to provide a configured amount of gain. The second amplifiers <NUM> may be individually configured to provide an amount of gain to ensure that the signals input to combiner <NUM> have the same magnitude. The amplifiers <NUM> and/or <NUM> are illustrated in dashed lines because they might not be necessary in some aspects. In some aspects, both the amplifier <NUM> and the amplifier <NUM> are present. In another aspect, neither the amplifier <NUM> nor the amplifier <NUM> are present. In other aspects, one of the amplifiers <NUM>, <NUM> is present but not the other.

In the illustrated architecture <NUM>, signals output by the phase shifters <NUM> (via the amplifiers <NUM> when present) are combined in combiner <NUM>. The combiner <NUM> in architecture <NUM> combines the RF signal into a signal. The combiner <NUM> may be a passive combiner (e.g., not connected to a power source), which may result in some insertion loss. The combiner <NUM> may be an active combiner (e.g., connected to a power source), which may result in some signal gain. When combiner <NUM> is an active combiner, it may provide a different (e.g., configurable) amount of gain for each input signal so that the input signals have the same magnitude when they are combined. When combiner <NUM> is an active combiner, the combiner <NUM> may not need the second amplifier <NUM> because the active combiner may provide the signal amplification.

The output of the combiner <NUM> is input into mixers <NUM> and <NUM>. Mixers <NUM> and <NUM> generally down convert the received RF signal using inputs from local oscillators <NUM> and <NUM>, respectively, to create intermediate or baseband signals that carry the encoded and modulated information. The output of the mixers <NUM> and <NUM> are input into an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) <NUM> for conversion to analog signals. The analog signals output from ADC <NUM> is input to modem <NUM> for baseband processing, such as decoding, de-interleaving, or similar operations.

The architecture <NUM> is given by way of example only to illustrate an architecture for transmitting and/or receiving signals. In some cases, the architecture <NUM> and/or each portion of the architecture <NUM> may be repeated multiple times within an architecture to accommodate or provide an arbitrary number of RF chains, antenna elements, and/or antenna panels. Furthermore, numerous alternate architectures are possible and contemplated. For example, although only a single antenna array <NUM> is shown, two, three, or more antenna arrays may be included, each with one or more of their own corresponding amplifiers, phase shifters, splitters, mixers, DACs, ADCs, and/or modems. For example, a single UE may include two, four, or more antenna arrays for transmitting or receiving signals at different physical locations on the UE or in different directions.

Furthermore, mixers, splitters, amplifiers, phase shifters and other components may be located in different signal type areas (e.g., represented by different ones of the reference numbers <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) in different implemented architectures. For example, a split of the signal to be transmitted into multiple signals may take place at the analog RF, analog IF, analog baseband, or digital baseband frequencies in different examples. Similarly, amplification and/or phase shifts may also take place at different frequencies. For example, in some aspects, one or more of the splitter <NUM>, amplifiers <NUM>, <NUM>, or phase shifters <NUM> may be located between the DAC <NUM> and the first mixer <NUM> or between the first mixer <NUM> and the second mixer <NUM>. In one example, the functions of one or more of the components may be combined into one component. For example, the phase shifters <NUM> may perform amplification to include or replace the first and/or or second amplifiers <NUM>, <NUM>. By way of another example, a phase shift may be implemented by the second mixer <NUM> to obviate the need for a separate phase shifter <NUM>. This technique is sometimes called local oscillator (LO) phase shifting. In some aspects of this configuration, there may be multiple IF to RF mixers (e.g., for each antenna element chain) within the second mixer <NUM>, and the local oscillator B <NUM> may supply different local oscillator signals (with different phase offsets) to each IF to RF mixer.

The modem <NUM> and/or the controller/processor <NUM> may control one or more of the other components <NUM> through <NUM> to select one or more antenna elements <NUM> and/or to form beams for transmission of one or more signals. For example, the antenna elements <NUM> may be individually selected or deselected for transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling an amplitude of one or more corresponding amplifiers, such as the first amplifiers <NUM> and/or the second amplifiers <NUM>. Beamforming includes generation of a beam using multiple signals on different antenna elements, where one or more or all of the multiple signals are shifted in phase relative to each other. The formed beam may carry physical or higher layer reference signals or information. As each signal of the multiple signals is radiated from a respective antenna element <NUM>, the radiated signals interact, interfere (constructive and destructive interference), and amplify each other to form a resulting beam. The shape (such as the amplitude, width, and/or presence of side lobes) and the direction (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of the antenna array <NUM>) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts or phase offsets imparted by the phase shifters <NUM> and amplitudes imparted by the amplifiers <NUM>, <NUM> of the multiple signals relative to each other. The controller/processor <NUM> may be located partially or fully within one or more other components of the architecture <NUM>. For example, the controller/processor <NUM> may be located within the modem <NUM> in some aspects.

<FIG> is a diagram illustrating examples <NUM> of carrier aggregation, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Carrier aggregation is a technology that enables two or more component carriers (CCs, sometimes referred to as carriers) to be combined (e.g., into a single channel) for a single UE <NUM> to enhance data capacity. As shown, carriers can be combined in the same or different frequency bands. Additionally, or alternatively, contiguous or non-contiguous carriers can be combined. A base station <NUM> may configure carrier aggregation for a UE <NUM>, such as in a radio resource control (RRC) message, downlink control information (DCI), and/or the like.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, in some aspects, carrier aggregation may be configured in an intra-band contiguous mode where the aggregated carriers are contiguous to one another and are in the same band. As shown by reference number <NUM>, in some aspects, carrier aggregation may be configured in an intra-band non-contiguous mode where the aggregated carriers are non-contiguous to one another and are in the same band. As shown by reference number <NUM>, in some aspects, carrier aggregation may be configured in an inter-band non-contiguous mode where the aggregated carriers are non-contiguous to one another and are in different bands.

In carrier aggregation, a UE <NUM> may be configured with a primary carrier and one or more secondary carriers. In some aspects, the primary carrier may carry control information (e.g., downlink control information, scheduling information, and/or the like) for scheduling data communications on one or more secondary carriers, which may be referred to as cross-carrier scheduling. In some aspects, a carrier (e.g., a primary carrier or a secondary carrier) may carry control information for scheduling data communications on the carrier, which may be referred to as self-carrier scheduling or carrier self-scheduling.

<FIG> is a diagram illustrating examples <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> of CSI-RS beam management procedures, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in <FIG>, examples <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> include a UE <NUM> in communication with a base station <NUM> in a wireless network (e.g., wireless network <NUM>). However, the devices shown in <FIG> are provided as examples, and the wireless network may support communication and beam management between other devices (e.g., between a UE <NUM> and a base station <NUM> or transmit receive point (TRP), between a mobile termination node and a control node, between an IAB child node and an IAB parent node, between a scheduled node and a scheduling node, and/or the like). In some aspects, the UE <NUM> and the base station <NUM> may be in a connected state (e.g., an RRC connected state and/or the like).

As shown in <FIG>, example <NUM> may include a base station <NUM> and a UE <NUM> communicating to perform beam management using CSI-RSs. Example <NUM> depicts a first beam management procedure (e.g., P1 CSI-RS beam management). The first beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam selection procedure, an initial beam acquisition procedure, a beam sweeping procedure, a cell search procedure, a beam search procedure, and/or the like. As shown in <FIG> and example <NUM>, CSI-RSs may be configured to be transmitted from the base station <NUM> to the UE <NUM>. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be periodic (e.g., using RRC signaling and/or the like), semi-persistent (e.g., using media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) signaling and/or the like), and/or aperiodic (e.g., using DCI and/or the like).

The first beam management procedure may include the base station <NUM> performing beam sweeping over multiple transmit (Tx) beams. The base station <NUM> may transmit a CSI-RS using each transmit beam for beam management. To enable the UE <NUM> to perform receive (Rx) beam sweeping, each CSI-RS on a transmit beam can be transmitted repeatedly multiple times in the same RS resource set so that the UE <NUM> can sweep through receive beams in multiple transmission instants. For example, if the base station <NUM> has a set of N transmit beams and the UE <NUM> has a set of M receive beams, the CSI-RS may be transmitted on each of the N transmit beams M times so that the UE <NUM> may receive M beams per transmit beam. In other words, for each transmit beam of the base station <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may perform beam sweeping through the receive beams of the UE <NUM>. As a result, the first beam management procedure may enable the UE <NUM> to measure a CSI-RS on different transmit beams using different receive beams to support selection of base station <NUM> transmit beams/UE <NUM> receive beam(s) beam pair(s). The UE <NUM> may report the measurements to the base station <NUM> to enable the base station <NUM> to select one or more beam pair(s) for communication between the base station <NUM> and the UE <NUM>. While example <NUM> has been described in connection with CSI-RSs, the first beam management process may also use SSBs for beam management in a similar manner as described above.

As shown in <FIG>, example <NUM> may include a base station <NUM> and a UE <NUM> communicating to perform beam management using CSI-RSs. Example <NUM> depicts a second beam management procedure (e.g., P2 CSI-RS beam management). The second beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a base station beam refinement procedure, a TRP beam refinement procedure, a transmit beam refinement procedure, and/or the like. As shown in <FIG> and example <NUM>, CSI-RSs may be configured to be transmitted from the base station <NUM> to the UE <NUM>. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be aperiodic (e.g., using DCI and/or the like). The second beam management procedure may include the base station <NUM> performing beam sweeping over one or more transmit beams. The one or more transmit beams may be a subset of all transmit beams associated with the base station <NUM> (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements reported by the UE <NUM> in connection with the first beam management procedure). The base station <NUM> may transmit a CSI-RS using each transmit beam of the one or more transmit beams for beam management. The UE <NUM> may measure each CSI-RS using a single (e.g., a same) receive beam (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure). The second beam management procedure may enable the base station <NUM> to select a best transmit beam based at least in part on reported measurements received from the UE <NUM> (e.g., using the single receive beam).

As shown in <FIG>, example <NUM> may depict a third beam management procedure (e.g., P3 CSI-RS beam management). The third beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a UE beam refinement procedure, a receive beam refinement procedure, and/or the like. As shown in <FIG> and example <NUM>, one or more CSI-RSs may be configured to be transmitted from the base station <NUM> to the UE <NUM>. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be aperiodic (e.g., using DCI and/or the like). The third beam management process may include the base station <NUM> transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs on a single transmit beam (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements reported by the UE <NUM> in connection with the first beam management procedure and/or the second beam management procedure). To enable the UE <NUM> to perform receive beam sweeping, the CSI-RS on the transmit beam can be transmitted repeatedly multiple times in the same RS resource set so that UE <NUM> can sweep through one or more receive beams in multiple transmission instants. The one or more receive beams may be a subset of all receive beams associated with the UE <NUM> (e.g., determined based at least in part on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure and/or the second beam management procedure). The third beam management procedure may enable the base station <NUM> and/or the UE <NUM> to select a best receive beam based at least in part on reported measurements received from the UE <NUM> (e.g., of the CSI-RS on the transmit beam using the one or more receive beams).

<FIG> is a diagram illustrating an example <NUM> of using beams for communications between a base station and a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in <FIG>, example <NUM> includes communication between a base station <NUM> and a UE <NUM>. In some aspects, the base station <NUM> and the UE <NUM> may be included in a wireless network such as wireless network <NUM>. The base station <NUM> and the UE <NUM> may communicate on a wireless access link, which may include an uplink and a downlink.

The base station <NUM> may transmit to UEs <NUM> located within a coverage area of the base station <NUM>. The base station <NUM> and the UE <NUM> (shown in <FIG>) may be configured for beamformed communications, where the base station <NUM> may transmit in the direction of the UE <NUM> using a directional BS transmit beam, and the UE <NUM> may receive the transmission using a directional UE receive beam. Each BS transmit beam may have an associated beam ID, beam direction, or beam symbols, among other examples. The base station <NUM> may transmit downlink communications via one or more BS transmit beams <NUM>.

The UE <NUM> may attempt to receive downlink communications via one or more UE receive beams <NUM>, which may be configured using different beamforming parameters at receive circuitry of the UE <NUM>. The UE <NUM> may identify a particular BS transmit beam <NUM>, shown as BS transmit beam <NUM>-A, and a particular UE receive beam <NUM>, shown as UE receive beam <NUM>-A, that provide relatively favorable performance (for example, that have a best channel quality of the different measured combinations of BS transmit beams <NUM> and UE receive beams <NUM>). In some aspects, the UE <NUM> may transmit an indication of which BS transmit beam <NUM> is identified by the UE <NUM> as a preferred BS transmit beam, which the base station <NUM> may select for downlink communications to the UE <NUM>. The UE <NUM> may thus attain and maintain a beam pair link (BPL) with the base station <NUM> for downlink communications (for example, a combination of the BS transmit beam <NUM>-A and the UE receive beam <NUM>-A), which may be further refined and maintained in accordance with one or more established beam refinement procedures.

A downlink beam, such as a BS transmit beam <NUM> or a UE receive beam <NUM>, may be associated with a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state. A TCI state may indicate a directionality or a characteristic of the downlink beam, such as one or more quasi co-location (QCL) properties of the downlink beam. A QCL property may include, for example, a Doppler shift, a Doppler spread, an average delay, a delay spread, or a spatial receive parameter, among other examples. In some aspects, each BS transmit beam <NUM> may be associated with a synchronization signal block (SSB), and the UE <NUM> may indicate a preferred BS transmit beam <NUM> by transmitting uplink communications in resources of the SSB that are associated with the preferred BS transmit beam <NUM>. A particular SSB may have an associated TCI state (for example, for an antenna port or for beamforming). The base station <NUM> may, in some examples, indicate a downlink BS transmit beam <NUM> based at least in part on antenna port QCL properties that may be indicated by the TCI state. A TCI state may be associated with one downlink reference signal set (for example, an SSB and an aperiodic, periodic, or semi-persistent channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)) for different QCL types (for example, QCL types for different combinations of Doppler shifts, Doppler spreads, average delays, delay spreads, or spatial receive parameters, among other examples). In cases where the QCL type indicates spatial receive parameters, the QCL type may correspond to analog receive beamforming parameters of a UE receive beam <NUM> at the UE <NUM>. Thus, the UE <NUM> may select a corresponding UE receive beam <NUM> from a set of BPLs based at least in part on the base station <NUM> indicating a BS transmit beam <NUM> via a TCI indication.

The base station <NUM> may maintain a set of activated TCI states for downlink shared channel communications and a set of activated TCI states for downlink control channel communications. The set of activated TCI states for downlink shared channel communications may correspond to beams that the base station <NUM> uses for downlink communications on a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). The set of activated TCI states for downlink control channel communications may correspond to beams that the base station <NUM> may use for downlink communications on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or in a control resource set (CORESET). The UE <NUM> may also maintain a set of activated TCI states for receiving the downlink shared channel communications and the CORESET communications. If a TCI state is activated for the UE <NUM>, then the UE <NUM> may have one or more antenna configurations based at least in part on the TCI state, and the UE <NUM> may not need to reconfigure antennas or antenna weighting configurations. In some examples, the set of activated TCI states (for example, activated PDSCH TCI states and/or activated CORESET TCI states) for the UE <NUM> may be configured by a configuration message, such as a radio resource control (RRC) message.

Similarly, for uplink communications, the UE <NUM> may transmit in the direction of the base station <NUM> using a directional UE transmit beam, and the base station <NUM> may receive the communication using a directional BS receive beam. Each UE transmit beam may have an associated beam ID, beam direction, or beam symbols, among other examples. The UE <NUM> may transmit uplink communications via one or more UE transmit beams <NUM>.

The base station <NUM> may receive uplink communications via one or more BS receive beams <NUM>. The base station <NUM> may identify a particular UE transmit beam <NUM>, shown as UE transmit beam <NUM>-A, and a particular BS receive beam <NUM>, shown as BS receive beam <NUM>-A, that provide relatively favorable performance (for example, that have a best channel quality of the different measured combinations of UE transmit beams <NUM> and BS receive beams <NUM>). In some examples, the base station <NUM> may transmit an indication of which UE transmit beam <NUM> is identified by the base station <NUM> as a preferred UE transmit beam, which the base station <NUM> may select for communications from the UE <NUM>. The UE <NUM> and the base station <NUM> may thus attain and maintain a BPL for uplink communications (for example, a combination of the UE transmit beam <NUM>-A and the BS receive beam <NUM>-A), which may be further refined and maintained in accordance with one or more established beam refinement procedures. An uplink beam, such as a UE transmit beam <NUM> or a BS receive beam <NUM>, may be associated with a spatial relation. A spatial relation may indicate a directionality or a characteristic of the uplink beam, similar to one or more QCL properties, as described above.

<FIG> is a diagram illustrating an example <NUM> of frequency components in a frequency range, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in <FIG>, a UE (e.g., the UE <NUM>) may be in communication with a scheduling entity (e.g., the base station <NUM>, and IAB node, and/or the like) in a wireless network (e.g., the wireless network <NUM>) which may include an uplink and a downlink. The communication may be in a given frequency range with a set of frequency components (e.g., CH0, CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4, CH5, and/or CH6) divided in bands (e.g., <NUM> bands). The frequency components may be component carriers, occupied bandwidths, bandwidth parts, channelizations, and/or the like.

Frequency bands for <NUM> NR may include frequency range <NUM> (FR1) and frequency range <NUM> (FR2), among others. FR1 may span from <NUM> to <NUM>, with various bands being allocated in the frequency range (e.g., n1, n2, n3, and so forth). FR2 may span from <NUM> to <NUM>, with various bands being allocated in the frequency range (e.g., n257, n258, n260, n2261, and/or the like).

Frequency bands for <NUM> NR continue to expand, including to frequency range (FR4). FR4 may span from <NUM> to <NUM>, with various bands being allocated in the frequency range. FR4 is often referred to as an "upper millimeter wave" or "sub THz. " As shown in <FIG>, the multiple frequency components (e.g., CH0, CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4, CH5, and/or CH6) may be in a portion of FR4 (e.g., from about <NUM> to about <NUM>).

To improve radio transmission performance, techniques such as quasi co-location (QCL) and/or beamforming may be used. QCL is a technique which characterizes the relationships between antennas and corresponding signaling beams. QCL may facilitate establishing beam characteristics for a channel based on characteristics of another channel.

Beamforming is a technique used to form directional, unicast beams between a UE and a base station so that performance of a radio link between the UE and the base station is improved. To perform beamforming, a base station may form a transmit beam directed to the UE, and the UE may form a receive beam to receive the transmit beam. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may form a transmit beam directed to the base station, and the base station may form a receive beam to receive the transmit beam. The base station and/or the UE may use various hardware components to accomplish beamforming, such as controllers/processors, amplifiers, phase shifters, antenna elements, and/or the like. In some aspects, beamforming may use a beamforming codebook that includes one or more sets of beamforming weights which may be applied to an antenna array for a given frequency range. Beamforming is described in more detail above with respect to <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>.

Beamforming continues to provide valuable improvement for radio transmission. However, when operating at ever increasing frequency ranges, such as FR4, beamforming performance loss for a given beamforming codebook, also known as "beam squinting," may occur. Beamforming performance loss may be caused by the limited hardware resources of the device (e.g., controllers/processors, amplifiers, phase shifters, antenna elements, and/or the like, as described above with respect to <FIG>) attempting to achieve beamforming for increasingly separate frequency components at higher frequencies. This may be particularly problematic for carrier aggregation, sometimes called "channel bonding," in which two or more frequency components are combined to enhance data capacity. At higher frequencies, such as FR4, what may be an optimal beamforming configuration for one carrier aggregation may be suboptimal for another carrier aggregation.

Some techniques and apparatuses described herein may use a configuration between a scheduling entity and a UE to associate different sets of reference signals that are associated with channels to different subsets of frequency components for carrier aggregation. Associating different sets of reference signals to different subsets of frequency components may allow different beamforming weights to be used for the different subsets of frequency components and may allow the different reference signals to be quasi co-located with optimum physical channels, to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies, such as FR4. The reference signals may include channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs), which may be used for reporting channel quality information (e.g., via a downlink), and/or sounding reference signals (SRSs), which may be used to obtain channel state information (e.g., via an uplink).

In some aspects, a scheduling entity, such as a base station, IAB node, and/or the like, may transmit the configuration to a UE, and the UE may receive the configuration from the scheduling entity, for associating different sets of reference signals to different subsets of frequency components for carrier aggregation. The scheduling entity may then transmit the reference signals, based at least in part on the configuration, to the UE, and the UE may monitor for the reference signals from the scheduling entity. In some aspects, the scheduling entity may optimize its beamforming codebook and the UE may adjust accordingly. As a result, by using a configuration to associate different sets of reference signals to different subsets of frequency components for carrier aggregation, thereby allowing optimum configurations for frequency components, beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies may be minimized.

<FIG> is a diagram illustrating an example <NUM> associated with reference signal configuration and QCL mappings for wide bandwidth systems, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in <FIG>, the example <NUM> includes a UE <NUM> in communication with a scheduling entity <NUM> (e.g., the base station <NUM>, an IAB node, and/or the like). The UE <NUM> and the scheduling entity <NUM> may be in communication with one another in a wireless network (e.g., the wireless network <NUM>), which communication may include an uplink and a downlink.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies, the scheduling entity <NUM> may transmit a configuration to the UE <NUM> (e.g., via a downlink) that indicates a set of frequency components for carrier aggregation and that indicates multiple sets of reference signals. For example, the scheduling entity <NUM> may transmit a configuration to the UE <NUM> that indicates a set of frequency components for carrier aggregation, such as CH0, CH1, and/or the like, as described in connection with <FIG>, and that indicates multiple sets of CSI-RSs (which may be used by the UE <NUM> for reporting channel quality information to the scheduling entity <NUM>) and/or SRSs (which may be used by the scheduling entity <NUM> to obtain channel state information).

The configuration from the scheduling entity <NUM> may associate different sets of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RSs and/or SRSs) with different subsets of frequency components (e.g., CH0, CH1, and/or the like) included in the set of frequency components for the UE <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, the scheduling entity <NUM> may associate a first set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS and/or SRS set A) with a first subset of frequency components (e.g., frequency component subset A, such as CH0 and CH1); a second set of the reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS and/or SRS set B) with a second subset of frequency components (e.g., frequency component subset B, such as CH2 and CH3); and/or the like. Associating different sets of reference signals with different subsets of frequency components may minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies by allowing optimum configurations for frequency components.

In some aspects, associating different sets of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RSs and/or SRSs) with different subsets of frequency components (e.g., CH0, CH1, and/or the like) may allow different beamforming weights to be used for the different subsets of frequency components. For example, the first set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS and/or SRS set A) may be associated with a first set of beamforming weights; the second set of the reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS and/or SRS set B) may be associated with a second set of beamforming weights; and/or the like. In some aspects, each set of reference signals may have a corresponding, different set of beamforming weights. Allowing different beamforming weights to be used for different subsets of frequency components may allow the UE <NUM> to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies by allowing optimum beamforming weights for frequency components.

In some aspects, associating different sets of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RSs and/or SRSs) with different subsets of frequency components (e.g., CH0, CH1, and/or the like) may allow different reference signals to be quasi co-located with physical channels (e.g., physical downlink shared channels and/or physical uplink shared channels) on different subsets of frequency components, sometimes referred to as QCL mapping. For example, the first set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS and/or SRS set A) may be quasi co-located with a physical channel on the first subset of frequency components (e.g., frequency component subset A, such as CH0 and CH1); the second set of the reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS and/or SRS set B) may be quasi co-located with a physical channel on the second subset of frequency components (e.g., frequency component subset B, such as CH2 and CH3); and/or the like. Allowing different reference signals to be quasi co-located with physical channels on different subsets of frequency components may allow the UE <NUM> to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies by allowing optimum QCL mappings for frequency components.

The configuration from the scheduling entity <NUM> to the UE <NUM> may include an indication of resources for transmitting the sets of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RSs and/or SRSs) based at least in part on a variable bandwidth. The resources for transmitting the sets of reference signals may be defined by a starting resource block and an ending resource block and may be included in different sub-carriers of a single OFDM symbol that is measured. In some aspects, the indication of resources for transmitting the sets of reference signals may be "two-dimensional" (e.g., using time and frequency resources), where the sets of reference signals are transmitted in multiple sub-carriers across multiple OFDM symbols. In some aspects, the indication of resources for transmitting the sets of reference signals may be "three-dimensional" (e.g., using a combination of time, frequency, and beam resources), where the sets of reference signals are transmitted in multiple sub-carriers and multiple beams across multiple OFDM symbols. The configuration including an indication of resources for transmitting the sets of reference signals being based at least in part on a variable bandwidth (as opposed to a fixed bandwidth) may provide increased flexibility.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, the scheduling entity <NUM> may transmit (e.g., via a downlink), and the UE <NUM> may receive, one or more reference signals, corresponding to a subset of frequency components included in the set of frequency components, based at least in part on the configuration. For example, the scheduling entity <NUM> may transmit, and the UE <NUM> may receive, one or more CSI-RSs and/or SRSs, corresponding to a subset of frequency components, such as CH0, CH1, and/or the like, based at least in part on the configuration. As described above, the scheduling entity <NUM> may transmit the one or more reference signals, corresponding to a subset of frequency components included in the set of frequency components, to the UE <NUM> to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, the UE <NUM> may monitor for one or more reference signals, corresponding to a subset of frequency components included in the set of frequency components, transmitted by the scheduling entity <NUM>. For example, the UE <NUM> may monitor for one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs, transmitted by the scheduling entity <NUM>, corresponding to a subset of frequency components, such as CH0, CH1, and/or the like, included in the set of frequency components, based at least in part on the configuration. As described above, the UE <NUM> may receive the one or more reference signals, corresponding to a subset of frequency components included in the set of frequency components, from the scheduling entity <NUM> to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies.

In some aspects, the UE <NUM> may measure one or more of the reference signals (e.g., CSI-RSs and/or SRSs) received from the scheduling entity <NUM> for improving beam performance (e.g., improved main lobes and/or reduced side lobes). For example, the UE <NUM> may measure one or more CSI-RSs and/or SRSs received from the scheduling entity <NUM> for performing a beam selection procedure, a beam management procedure, a beam refinement procedure, a beam failure detection procedure, a beam recovery procedure, and/or the like, for the subset of frequency components, based at least in part on measuring the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs. As a result, the UE <NUM> may measure one or more of the reference signals received from the scheduling entity <NUM> to perform one or more beam procedures for improving beam performance.

As described above, the configuration from the scheduling entity <NUM> to the UE <NUM> may include an indication of resources for transmitting the sets of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RSs and/or SRSs) based at least in part on a variable bandwidth (as opposed to a fixed bandwidth). To support the variable bandwidth, when monitoring for the one or more reference signals, the UE <NUM> may measure frequency variations within a single OFDM symbol using a single radio frequency chain of the UE <NUM> (associated with a single set of beam weights). In some aspects, when monitoring for the one or more reference signals, the UE <NUM> may measure frequency variations of the multiple OFDM symbols using different radio frequency chains of the UE <NUM> (associated with different sets of beam weights) for different OFDM symbols. The UE <NUM> measuring frequency variations of one or more OFDM symbols using one or more radio frequency chains associated with beam weights may allow the UE <NUM> to support the variable bandwidth.

<FIG> is a diagram illustrating another example <NUM> associated with reference signal configuration and QCL mappings for wide bandwidth systems, in accordance with the present disclosure. In the example <NUM>, a UE (e.g., the UE <NUM>) may be in communication with a scheduling entity (e.g., the scheduling entity <NUM>, such as the base station <NUM>, an IAB node, and/or the like) in a wireless network (e.g., the wireless network <NUM>), which may include an uplink and a downlink. The communication may be in a given frequency range, such as a portion of FR4, having multiple frequency components (e.g., CH0, CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4, CH5, and/or CH6), as described in connection with <FIG>.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, in a first example, to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies, the scheduling entity <NUM> may transmit a configuration to the UE <NUM> (e.g., via a downlink) that indicates a set of frequency components for carrier aggregation and multiple sets of reference signals, and which associates the different sets of reference signals with the different subsets of the frequency components. For example, the scheduling entity <NUM> may transmit a configuration to the UE <NUM> that indicates a set of frequency components (e.g., CH0, CH1, CH2, and/or CH3) for carrier aggregation, that indicates multiple sets of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, and/or CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>), and which associates the different sets of reference signals with different subsets of frequency components (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM> associated with CH0, CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM> associated with CH1, CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, associated with CH2, and/or CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM> associated with CH3). In this case, each subset of frequency components may include a single frequency component. As a result, each subset of frequency components may be associated with its own set of reference signals to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies.

In some aspects, the different sets of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, and/or CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be associated with different subsets of frequency components (e.g., CH0, CH1, CH2, and/or CH3) to allow different beamforming weights to be used for the different subsets of frequency components. For example, a first set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be associated with a first frequency component (e.g., CH0) to allow a first beamforming weight to be used; a second set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be associated with a second frequency component (e.g., CH1) to allow a second beamforming weight to be used; a third set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be associated with a third frequency component (e.g., CH2) to allow a third beamforming weight to be used; and/or a fourth set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be associated with a fourth frequency component (e.g., CH3) to allow a fourth beamforming weight to be used. Allowing different beamforming weights to be used for different subsets of frequency components may allow the UE <NUM> to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies.

In some aspects, the different sets of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, and/or CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be associated with different subsets of frequency components (e.g., CH0, CH1, CH2, and/or CH3) to allow different reference signals to be quasi co-located with physical channels on different subsets of frequency components. For example, the first set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be quasi co-located in a first mapping (e.g., QCL<NUM> mapping) with a physical channel on the first frequency component (e.g., CH0); the second set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be quasi co-located in a second mapping (e.g., QCL<NUM> mapping) with a physical channel on the second frequency component (e.g., CH1); the third set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be quasi co-located in a third mapping (e.g., QCL<NUM> mapping) with a physical channel on the third frequency component (e.g., CH2); and/or the fourth set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be quasi co-located in a fourth mapping (e.g., QCL<NUM> mapping) with a physical channel on the fourth frequency component (e.g., CH3). Allowing different reference signals to be quasi co-located with physical channels on different subsets of frequency components may allow the UE <NUM> to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, in a second example, to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies, the scheduling entity <NUM> may transmit a configuration to the UE <NUM> (e.g., via a downlink) that indicates a set of frequency components for carrier aggregation and multiple sets of reference signals, and which associates the different sets of reference signals with different subsets of multiple frequency components. For example, the scheduling entity <NUM> may transmit a configuration to the UE <NUM> that indicates a set of frequency components (e.g., CH0, CH1, CH2, and/or CH3) for carrier aggregation, that indicates multiple sets of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM> and/or CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>), and which associates the different sets of reference signals to different subsets of multiple frequency components (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM> associated with CH0 and CH1, and CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM> associated with CH2 and CH3). As a result, subsets of multiple frequency components may be associated with their own set of reference signals to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies.

In some aspects, the different sets of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, and/or CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be associated with the different subsets of multiple frequency components (e.g., CH0 and CH1, and/or CH2 and CH3) to allow different beamforming weights to be used. For example, a first set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be associated with a first subset of multiple frequency components (e.g., CH0 and CH1) to allow a first beamforming weight to be used; and/or a second set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be associated with a second subset of multiple frequency components (e.g., CH2 and CH3) to allow a second beamforming weight to be used. Allowing different beamforming weights to be used for different subsets of multiple frequency components may allow the UE <NUM> to optimize beamforming weights to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies.

In some aspects, the different sets of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, and/or CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be associated with different subsets of multiple frequency components (e.g., CH0 and CH1, and/or CH2 and CH3) to allow different reference signals to be quasi co-located with physical channels. For example, the first set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be quasi co-located in a first mapping (e.g., QCL<NUM> mapping) with physical channels for a first subset of multiple frequency components (e.g., CH0 and CH1); and/or the second set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be quasi co-located in a second mapping (e.g., QCL<NUM> mapping) with physical channels for a second subset of multiple frequency components (e.g., CH2 and CH3). Allowing different reference signals to be quasi co-located with physical channels on different subsets of multiple frequency components may allow the UE <NUM> to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies.

As shown by reference number <NUM>, in a third example, to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies, the scheduling entity <NUM> may transmit a configuration to the UE <NUM> (e.g., via a downlink) that indicates a set of frequency components for carrier aggregation and multiple sets of reference signals, and which associates the different sets of reference signals with different subsets of frequency components and to one or more groups of the different subsets of the frequency components. For example, the scheduling entity <NUM> may transmit a configuration to the UE <NUM> that indicates a set of frequency components (e.g., CH0 and/or CH1) for carrier aggregation, that indicates multiple sets of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, and/or CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>), and which associates the different sets of reference signals to different subsets of the frequency components (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM> associated with CH0, and CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM> associated with CH1) and to one or more groups of the different subsets of the frequency components (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM> associated with CH0 and CH1 as a group). As a result, each subset of frequency components may be associated with its own set of reference signals, and/or one or more groups of subsets of frequency components may be associated with their own set of reference signals, to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies.

In some aspects, the different sets of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, and/or CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be associated with the different subsets of the frequency components (e.g., CH0 and CH1 as individual subsets) and to one or more groups of the different subsets of the frequency components (e.g., CH0 and CH1 as subsets in a group) to allow different beamforming weights to be used. For example, a first set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be associated with a first subset of frequency components (e.g., CH0) to allow a first beamforming weight to be used; a second set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be associated with a second subset of frequency components (e.g., CH1) to allow a second beamforming weight to be used; and/or a third set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be associated with a group of the first and second subsets of frequency components (e.g., CH0 and CH1) to allow a third beamforming weight to be used. Allowing different beamforming weights to be used for different subsets of frequency components and for different groups of subsets of frequency components may allow the UE <NUM> to optimize beamforming weights to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies.

In some aspects, the different sets of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>, and/or CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be associated with the different subsets of the frequency components (e.g., CH0 and CH1 as individual subsets) and to one or more groups of the different subsets of the frequency components (e.g., CH0 and CH1 as subsets in a group) to allow different reference signals to be quasi co-located with physical channels on different subsets of frequency components and quasi co-located with physical channels on different groups of subsets of frequency components. For example, a first set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be quasi co-located in a first mapping (e.g., QCL<NUM> mapping) with a physical channel on a first subset of frequency components (e.g., CH0); a second set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be quasi co-located in a second mapping (e.g., QCL<NUM> mapping) with a physical channel on a second subset of frequency component (e.g., CH1); and/or a third set of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS<NUM> or SRS<NUM>) may be quasi co-located in a third mapping (e.g., QCL<NUM> mapping) with physical channels on a group of the first and second subsets of frequency components (e.g., CH0 and CH1). Allowing different reference signals to be quasi co-located with physical channels on different subsets of frequency components and for different groups of subsets of frequency components may allow the UE <NUM> to optimize QCL mapping to minimize beamforming performance loss at higher frequencies.

<FIG> is a diagram illustrating an example process <NUM> performed, for example, by a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process <NUM> is an example where the UE (e.g., the UE <NUM>) performs operations associated with reference signal configuration and QCL mappings for wide bandwidth systems.

As shown in <FIG>, in some aspects, process <NUM> may include receiving a configuration that indicates a set of frequency components for carrier aggregation and that indicates multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, wherein different sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, of the multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, correspond to different subsets of frequency components included in the set of frequency components (block <NUM>). For example, the UE (e.g., using antenna <NUM>, demodulator <NUM>, MIMO detector <NUM>, receive processor <NUM>, controller/processor <NUM>, and/or memory <NUM>) may receive a configuration that indicates a set of frequency components for carrier aggregation and that indicates multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, wherein different sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, of the multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, correspond to different subsets of frequency components included in the set of frequency components, as described above.

As further shown in <FIG>, in some aspects, process <NUM> may include monitoring for one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs, corresponding to a subset of frequency components included in the set of frequency components, based at least in part on the configuration (block <NUM>). For example, the UE (e.g., using antenna <NUM>, demodulator <NUM>, MIMO detector <NUM>, receive processor <NUM>, controller/processor <NUM>, and/or memory <NUM>) may monitor for one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs, corresponding to a subset of frequency components included in the set of frequency components, based at least in part on the configuration, as described above.

In a first aspect, a first set of CSI-RSs or SRSs, of the multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, is associated with a first set of beamforming weights, and wherein a second set of CSI-RSs or SRSs, of the multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, is associated with a second set of beamforming weights.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, a first set of CSI-RSs or SRSs, of the multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, is quasi co-located with a physical channel on a first subset of frequency components, and wherein a second set of CSI-RSs or SRSs, of the multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, is quasi co-located with a physical channel on a second subset of frequency components.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, a QCL mapping between a first set of CSI-RSs or SRSs, of the multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, and a first subset of frequency components is different from a QCL mapping between a second set of CSI-RSs or SRSs, of the multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, and a second subset of frequency components.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the first subset of frequency components is a single frequency component, and the second subset of frequency components includes the single frequency component and at least one other frequency component.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the subset of frequency components is a single frequency component.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the subset of frequency components includes two or more frequency components.

In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, process <NUM> includes performing at least one of a beam selection procedure, a beam management procedure, a beam refinement procedure, a beam failure detection procedure, or a beam recovery procedure for the subset of frequency components based at least in part on measuring the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs.

In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, one or more CSI-RS or SRS resources, used for transmission of the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs, is based at least in part on a variable bandwidth used for communications of the UE.

In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, one or more CSI-RS or SRS resources, used for transmission of the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs, are defined by a starting resource block and an ending resource block.

In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, process <NUM> includes receiving an indication of a set of CSI-RS or SRS resources that are included in different sub-carriers of a single OFDM symbol, and wherein monitoring for the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs comprises measuring frequency variations within the single OFDM symbol using a single radio frequency chain of the UE.

In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, process <NUM> includes receiving an indication of a set of CSI-RS or SRS resources that are to be transmitted in multiple sub-carriers across multiple OFDM symbols, and wherein monitoring for the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs comprises measuring frequency variations within each OFDM symbol, of the multiple OFDM symbols, using different radio frequency chains of the UE for different OFDM symbols.

In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, process <NUM> includes receiving an indication of a set of CSI-RS or SRS resources that are to be transmitted in multiple sub-carriers and multiple beams across multiple OFDM symbols, and wherein monitoring for the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs comprises measuring frequency variations within each OFDM symbol, of the multiple OFDM symbols, using different radio frequency chains of the UE for different OFDM symbols.

In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the set of frequency components is a set of component carriers, a set of occupied bandwidths, a set of bandwidth parts, or a set of channelizations.

In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the set of frequency components are included in a frequency range included in at least one of a frequency range <NUM> band or a frequency range <NUM> band.

<FIG> is a diagram illustrating an example process <NUM> performed, for example, by a scheduling entity, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process <NUM> is an example where the scheduling entity (e.g., the scheduling entity <NUM>, such as the base station <NUM>, an IAB node, and/or the like) performs operations associated with reference signal configuration and QCL mappings for wide bandwidth systems.

As shown in <FIG>, in some aspects, process <NUM> may include transmitting a configuration that indicates a set of frequency components for carrier aggregation and that indicates multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, wherein different sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, of the multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, correspond to different subsets of frequency components included in the set of frequency components (block <NUM>). For example, the scheduling entity (e.g., using transmit processor <NUM>, TX MIMO processor <NUM>, modulator <NUM>, antenna <NUM>, controller/processor <NUM>, memory <NUM>, and/or scheduler <NUM>) may transmit a configuration that indicates a set of frequency components for carrier aggregation and that indicates multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, wherein different sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, of the multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, correspond to different subsets of frequency components included in the set of frequency components, as described above.

As further shown in <FIG>, in some aspects, process <NUM> may include transmitting one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs, corresponding to a subset of frequency components included in the set of frequency components, based at least in part on the configuration (block <NUM>). For example, the scheduling entity (e.g., using transmit processor <NUM>, TX MIMO processor <NUM>, modulator <NUM>, antenna <NUM>, controller/processor <NUM>, memory <NUM>, and/or scheduler <NUM>) may transmit one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs, corresponding to a subset of frequency components included in the set of frequency components, based at least in part on the configuration, as described above.

In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, process <NUM> includes transmitting an indication of a set of CSI-RS or SRS resources that are included in different sub-carriers of a single OFDM symbol, and wherein transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs comprises transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs to enable a measurement of frequency variations within the single OFDM symbol using a single radio frequency chain of the UE.

In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, process <NUM> includes transmitting an indication of a set of CSI-RS or SRS resources in multiple sub-carriers across multiple OFDM symbols, and wherein transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs comprises transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs to enable a measurement of frequency variations within each OFDM symbol, of the multiple OFDM symbols, using different radio frequency chains of the UE for different OFDM symbols.

In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, process <NUM> includes transmitting an indication of a set of CSI-RS or SRS resources in multiple sub-carriers and multiple beams across multiple OFDM symbols, and wherein transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs comprises transmitting the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs to enable a measurement of frequency variations within each OFDM symbol, of the multiple OFDM symbols, using different radio frequency chains of the UE for different OFDM symbols.

Claim 1:
An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment, UE (<NUM>), comprising:
a memory; and
one or more processors, coupled to the memory, configured to:
receive (<NUM>) a configuration (<NUM>) that indicates a set of frequency components for carrier aggregation and that indicates multiple sets of channel state information reference signals, CSI-RSs, or sounding reference signals, SRSs, wherein different sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, of the multiple sets of CSI-RSs or SRSs, correspond to different subsets of frequency components included in the set of frequency components;
monitor (<NUM>) for one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs, corresponding to a subset of frequency components included in the set of frequency components, based at least in part on the configuration,
characterized in that the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive an indication of a set of CSI-RS or SRS resources that are included in different sub-carriers of a single orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, symbol, and wherein the one or more processors, to monitor for the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs, are configured to measure frequency variations within the single OFDM symbol using a single radio frequency chain of the UE;
receive an indication of a set of CSI-RS or SRS resources that are to be transmitted in multiple sub-carriers across multiple OFDM symbols, and wherein the one or more processors, to monitor for the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs, are configured to measure frequency variations within each OFDM symbol, of the multiple OFDM symbols, using different radio frequency chains of the UE for different OFDM symbols; or
receive an indication of a set of CSI-RS or SRS resources that are to be transmitted in multiple sub-carriers and multiple beams across multiple OFDM symbols, and wherein the one or more processors, to monitor for the one or more CSI-RSs or SRSs, are configured to measure frequency variations within each OFDM symbol, of the multiple OFDM symbols, using different radio frequency chains of the UE for different OFDM symbols; and
wherein each radio frequency chain is associated with a set of beam weights.