Patent Description:
In this relation, neuroprosthetic devices are powerful tools to monitor, prevent and treat neural diseases, disorders and conditions by interfacing electrically with the nervous system. They are capable of recording and stimulating electrically neural activity once implanted in the nervous tissue or applied as external devices on the patient's body for interaction with the nervous tissue. Currently, most neuroprosthetic technologies apply electrodes interfacing with neural tissue.

In this context, nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is an important aspect of nerve conduction studies. It describes the speed at which an electrochemical impulse propagates down a neural pathway/structure/fiber. Nerve conduction velocities and how to measure those are, in general, well known in the prior art.

In particular, conduction velocities are affected by a wide range of factors, which include a. age, sex and various medical conditions. Studies allow for better diagnoses of various neuropathies, especially demyelinating diseases, as these conditions result in reduced or non-existent conduction velocities.

Conventional NCV measurements use a stimulation pulse on e.g., the forearm, while measuring the response at a certain distance, e.g. at a distance of more than <NUM>.

The velocity is relatively low compared to normal electrical propagation (order of the speed of light), e.g. <NUM>/s for IV/C sensory fibers and up to <NUM>/s for la sensory/alpha motor fibers.

Consequently, measuring the delays between stimulation and responses over a large distance on the skin is very well feasible.

For implanted, miniaturized electrode arrays however, such as nerve cuffsor small skin patches for peripheral nerve stimulation, the distance is much smaller. Hence, the time to detect the delays in the course of the stimulation propagation along the corresponding nerve fibers is much shorter.

This circumstance leads to various issues for NCV measurements with such miniaturized recording arrays/devices, e.g. electrode arrays, which may be summarized as follows:.

In summary, due to particularly the geometrical restrictions in the case of miniaturized electrode array/devices for specific neurostimulation applications, there are numerous issues which cause the NCV measurement result to be inaccurate and unreliable.

<CIT> discloses an implantable stimulator, e.g., an implantable spinal cord stimulator, inter alia adapted for estimating a nerve conduction velocity, said stimulator comprising at least one stimulation electrode and at least one measurement electrode, e.g., a plurality of measurement electrodes, a measurement circuitry for obtaining a neural measurement from the at least one measurement electrode, and a processor.

It is an object of the invention to provide a system for peripheral nerve stimulation which allows for monitoring and/or measurement of neuronal and/or muscle activity, wherein the process and the handling of the measurement as well as of the measurement results is eased and simplified in order to receive more reliable and accurate results, in particular by providing a more secure, stable and reliable type of measurement device along a nerve structure/fiber.

The aforementioned objects are solved by the subject-matters of the independent claim <NUM>. Advantageous configurations of the invention are described in dependent claims.

According to the present invention a system for peripheral nerve stimulation, in particular for detecting and/or monitoring of neuronal and/or muscle activity, comprising at least one neurostimulation device, wherein the neurostimulation device comprises at least a first recording means and a second recording means, wherein the first recording means and the second recording means are configured to be arranged at a recording means distance from one another and respectively configured to detect/measure/determine a stimulus being propagated along a nervous structure, in particular along an efferent nerve and/or an afferent nerve, such that a speed of the stimulus being propagated along the nervous/nerve structure/fiber can be determined.

The present invention is based on the idea to use an (pre-defined) arrangement of recording means, in particular an electrode or coil pattern, with known/defined distances and, optionally, known sensitivity differences, between the electrodes/coils, where those are preferably combined/connected into one common recording channel/connection.

Insofar, the invention can be considered to be basically inspired by the optical Fiber Bragg Grating concerning optical light reflection/transmission/wavelength shifts which have at least some parallels to induced currents in electrodes/coils with respective time-shifts.

Consequently, the propagating electrochemical impulse appears not only once but multiple times on the recording channel timeline/the common recording signal. In this timeline/common recording signal, the relative position between those pulses identifies the exact location of where the pulse appeared on the array/pattern/arrangement of recording means.

Moreover, such (common) recording signals do not only provide the propagation speed, but also e.g. the direction and thus the type of nerve/nervous structure/fiber which propagated the measured stimulus, i.e. efferent or afferent type of structures/sensors/fibers.

According to the present invention the first and second recording means are preferably arranged at a recording means distance.

The recording means distance can be a pre-defined and fixed distance between the first/second recording means.

Alternatively, the distance between the first and second recording means being arranged on the patient's body can be measured and subsequently set, e.g. by corresponding input to a control unit of the system, as the recording means distance.

Moreover, the first/second recording means are configured to determine/detect/measure a stimulus being propagated along a nerve/nervous structure like a nerve fiber. In particular, such stimulus can be based on a natural neural/muscle activity or can be induced by an (external) neural stimulation.

On basis of such recording means distance and the resulting measurement/detection/recording signal of the first and second recording means, a run time of the propagated stimulus along the recording means distance can be determined.

In consequence, the speed of the propagated stimulus can be calculated on basis of the recording means distance and the run time of the propagated stimulus along such recording means distance.

Moreover, such configuration of the system, i.e. of the first/second recording means, also allows to determine further information like the direction of nerve propagation and the kind of nervous structure/fiber propagating the respective stimulus.

Hence, the system according to the present invention provides an easy to use and integral approach on how to proceed NCV measurement by using miniaturized recording/stimulation devices, as applied in PNS.

According to one embodiment of the present invention the first and/or second recording means comprises at least two recording elements, wherein the recording elements of the first recording means are arranged in a first pattern, wherein the recording elements of the second recording means are arranged in a second pattern.

In particular, the first and/or second recording means can comprise two or more recording elements being arranged in a certain pattern. It is also possible that the first recording means comprise more or less recording elements than the second recording means.

In a non-claimed example, the first and second pattern can be identical.

According to the invention, the first and second pattern deviate from each other. In particular, the first/second pattern can deviate in the structural/geometrical embodiment of the respective recording elements, the arrangement of the recording elements of the first/second recording means relative to each other and/or the like.

The first and/or second recordings means can provide a specific signature during recording/detecting/measurement of a stimulus which can allow their identification on the (common) recording signal, as provided by the first/second recording means to e.g. the control unit of the system.

In another preferred embodiment the first pattern comprises a first recording element distance between the recording elements of the first recording element and the second pattern comprises a second recording element distance between the recording elements of the second recording means. In a further preferred embodiment, the first recording element distance and the second recording element distance are identical or deviate from each other.

The first and second pattern of the first/second recording means can preferably deviate from each other by the first/second recording element distance being provided between the at least two recording elements of each of the first/second recording means.

For example, the recording element distance between recording elements of the second recording means can be larger than in case of the first recording means.

Such different recording elements distances can allow for a specific signature of the first and second recording means. Thus, on basis of the (common) recording signal of the determined nerve stimulus the first and second recording means, comprising individual patterns of recording elements, can be identified respectively, namely due to their unique, specific signature.

Such signature, e.g. by the first/second patterns of the first/second recording means, can, for example, provide an easier and beneficial signal processing.

Preferably, the first pattern and second pattern preferably deviate from each other only with respect to the first and second recording element distance.

Accordingly, on basis of the resulting (common) recording signal, as forwarded by the first/second recording means, in particular forwarded by the recording elements of the first/second recording means, the first/second recording means can be easily identified.

In this regard, the first recording means and the second recording means provide a unique signature on the (common) recording signal, which reflects the propagation of the detected nerve stimulus, due to the different first/second recording elements distances being provided between their respective recording elements.

Moreover, only one type of recordings elements has to be manufactured and provided for the system, whereby only the respective recording element distances are changed within the first/second recording means of the system.

Hence, an easy and cost efficient manufacturing of the system according to the present invention can be provided.

According to one preferred embodiment each recording element is provided in form of at least one electrode or coil.

For example, the first/second recording means, i.e. the respective recording elements, can be implemented as recording electrodes in a neurostimulation device for PNS.

Alternatively, the first/second recording means, i.e. the respective recording elements, can be provided in form of recording coils, e.g. in a corresponding nerve cuff for PNS.

In this context, the neurostimulation device can be provided as an electrode device or as a coil device.

The system, in particular the corresponding recording means, can be implemented in various different ways as well as in an efficient and appropriate manner for the respective field of application.

In one embodiment of the present invention the neurostimulation device comprises at least one stimulation means for transmitting stimulation signals to a patient's tissue in order to initiate neuronal and/or muscle stimulation, preferably being configured in form of at least one electrode or coil.

The neurostimulation device of the system according to the present invention can be provided as an electrode device comprising at least one stimulation electrode and at least two recording means, preferably each comprising at least two electrodes as recording elements being arranged in a first/second pattern.

Alternatively, the stimulations means can be implemented as a stimulation coil, preferably in combination with recording means, i.e. recording elements, being implemented in form of coils as well.

As a further alternative, the stimulation means can be provided in form of at least one electrode whereby the recoding elements are provided in form of at least one coil respectively, or vice versa.

The system, comprising the neurostimulation device having at least one stimulation means, can be used in applications like deep brain stimulation or peripheral nerve stimulation. Due to the specific implementation of the recording means, the system can be further used, alternatively or in parallel to the stimulation application itself, for NCV measurements.

Moreover, the system can be used to detect/measure/determine a natural neural activity as well as a (neuro-)stimulation induced activity can be provided via the stimulation means for execution of an NCV measurement.

According to another embodiment the first recording means and the second recording means, in particular recording elements of the first recording means and recording elements of the second recording means, comprise different recording sensitivities.

The recording elements of one of the recording means can comprise same or different recording sensitivities. Alternatively, the recording sensitivities of the recording elements of one recording means can be equal, while recording sensitivities of the first and second recording means differ. Moreover, it is also possible that each recording element of the system comprises a different/unique recording sensitivity.

In particular, the recording/measurement/detection signal as forwarded by the recording means, i.e. the respective recording elements, can differ in case of one stimulus being detected/determined due to the different recording sensitivities.

In this context, the first/second recording means can provide different signatures, not only with respect to time shifts within the (common) recording signal, but also with respect to the intensity of the recording signal being provided by the recording means due to their recording sensitivity.

By such different recording sensitivities a further signature of the respective recording means within the recording signals, being forwarded by the recording means, is provided.

In another embodiment the system further comprises a control unit being configured to operate, in particular to control and/or regulate the operation of, the neurostimulation device and/or to provide signal processing of the signals as received from the first and second recording means.

The control unit can receive the (common) recording signal(s) from the first/second recording means for subsequent signal processing. Preferably, the control unit can be configured to analyze the recording signal in order to determine measured/detected stimulus along the recording signal and/or to determine a time between the detection of the stimulus by the first and second recording means.

In particular, the control unit can calculate the nerve conducting velocity based on the (common) recording signal(s) received.

Moreover, the control unit can be provided in combination with input means and output means of the system, e.g. to allow a user to provide input concerning the recording means distance and/or the first/second recording element distance. Via the output means, the control unit can provide the results of the NCV measurement to the user, namely the speed of the propagated stimulus as measured/detected by the recording means.

In one further preferred embodiment of the invention a recording signal from the first and/or second recording means, in particular of the recording elements of the first and/or second recording means, is forwarded via a common signal connection, preferably to a control unit of the system.

In particular, the recording signals of the single recording elements can be combined to one single, common signal connection. In this context, the recording signals can be considered to be combined to a common recording signal.

Preferably the common signal connection can be provided as a (data) communicative and/or electrical connection between the recording means, i.e. the recording elements, to the control unit of the system, a data storage, a communication device for further forwarding of the recording signal, to an external server or the like.

Moreover, means for combining the recording signals of the single recording elements of the first/second recording means to a combined recording signal can be provided in order to forward a single combined recording signal via the common signal connection.

By the common signal connection the infrastructure of the system, in particular in the vicinity of the patient and with regard to the arrangement of the recording means, can be simplified. Furthermore, the size of the overall system, in particular of the neurostimulation device can be reduced.

Moreover, by forwarding a common recording signal via one common signal connection the subsequent signal processing can be focused on the single signal, whereby the unique configuration of the at least two recording means ensure the appropriate identification of the respectively recorded stimulus.

In particular, the need and adjustment of (neurostimulation) therapy, either by control or regulation of the system, e.g. in terms of a closed loop system, can be assessed by utilization of the present invention, for example in context of (but not limited to) these applications.

In summary, the system according to the present invention particularly allows in a beneficial manner and in the specific context of miniaturized neurostimulation devices/arrays.

In summary, the system according to the present invention can be specifically configured to be used for PNS applications, in particular for invasive (e.g. in form of microneedle devices) or transcutaneous (e.g. in form of skin patches) sensors for nerve conduction velocity (NCV) measurement in the context of PNS applications.

Further details and advantages of the present invention shall now be disclosed in the connection with the enclosed drawings.

In <FIG> a schematic illustration of alternative embodiments of a system <NUM> comprising a neurostimulation device <NUM> in form of a nerve cuff is shown. In particular, two alternatives of a neurostimulation device <NUM> in form of a nerve cuff are illustrated.

According to <FIG> the neurostimulation device <NUM> comprises a first recording means <NUM> and a second recording means <NUM>.

The first and second recording means <NUM>; <NUM> are arranged in a recording means distance <NUM> from each other.

The first recording means <NUM> is provided with two recording elements <NUM>; <NUM> being arranged in a first pattern <NUM>.

The recording elements <NUM>; <NUM> of the first recording means <NUM> are arranged in a first recording element distance <NUM> from each other.

The second recording means <NUM> is provided with two recording elements <NUM>; <NUM> being arranged in a second pattern <NUM>.

The recording elements <NUM>; <NUM> of the second recording means <NUM> are arranged in a second recording element distance <NUM> from each other.

According to <FIG> the first recording element distance <NUM> differs from the second recording element distance <NUM>. In particular, the second recording element distance <NUM> is larger than the first recording element distance <NUM>.

According to the two alternatives shown in <FIG>, the recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> can be provided in form of at least one coil (upper illustration of <FIG>) or in form of at least one electrode (lower illustration of <FIG>) respectively.

Preferably, the recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> can each be formed as one coil.

Alternatively, each recording element <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> can be provided in form of multiple electrodes, as shown in <FIG>.

For example, the multiple electrodes of each recording element <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> can be provided and distributed along the circumference of the neurostimulation device <NUM> in form of a nerve cuff, according to <FIG>.

The material for the electrodes can be at least partially graphene, especially reduced graphene oxide (RGO).

In one embodiment, but also in all embodiments disclosed in this disclosure, the electrode device has at least one electrode comprising graphene, in particular being made of graphene or a graphene-based material or comprising a graphene (based) coating.

Preferably, different forms of graphene (based) materials may be used in the context of the present invention, like e.g. reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphene oxide, chemical vapour deposited graphene (CVD Graphene) or any other potential form of graphene.

In particular, such graphene based materials can provide improved electrical and mechanical properties, e.g. a beneficial flexibility of the resulting electrode.

Such graphene electrodes particularly provide higher safe charge injection capacity as well as the signal-to-noise ratio/performance can be improved. Thereby, the electrode size can be reduced, even if the same amount of electrodes is maintained.

Hence, along a cross-section of the electrode device the cross-sectional area of the at least one electrode can be reduced.

Moreover, such graphene-based electrodes can provide for a safe electrical interface in aqueous environments, like in the context of neuromodulation of nervous tissue.

By the recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> of the first and second recording means <NUM>; <NUM> the first pattern <NUM> and the second pattern <NUM> is formed.

In <FIG> a schematic illustration of alternative embodiments of a system <NUM> comprising a neurostimulation device <NUM> in form of a skin patch, in particular for PNS applications, is shown.

The neurostimulation device <NUM> is provided with a first recording means <NUM> and a second recording means <NUM> being separated from each other by a recording means distance <NUM> along the extension of the neurostimulation device <NUM>.

The recording elements <NUM>; <NUM> of the first recording means <NUM> are arranged in a first pattern <NUM>, wherein the recording elements <NUM>; <NUM> of the second recording means <NUM> are arranged in a second pattern <NUM>.

In particular, the neurostimulation device <NUM> in form of a skin patch may be provided with a rectangular shape, as shown in <FIG>, in order to allow for an increased recording means distance <NUM> between the first and second recordings means <NUM>; <NUM>.

In <FIG> a schematic illustration of alternative embodiments of a system comprising a neurostimulation device <NUM> in form of a percutaneous device (left illustration of <FIG>) and in form of a paddle device (right illustration of <FIG>) are shown.

In particular, the percutaneous neurostimulation device <NUM> may be formed in a strip-like manner (left illustration of <FIG>).

Alternatively, the neurostimulation devices <NUM>, like the percutaneous device <NUM> shown in <FIG>, can be provided in any geometry and form being applicable and suitable for PNS.

According to <FIG> the neurostimulation device <NUM> comprises the first recording means <NUM> and the second recording means <NUM>.

The first and second recording means <NUM>; <NUM> are arranged in the recording means distance <NUM> from each other.

The first recording means <NUM> is provided with two recording elements <NUM>; <NUM> being arranged in the first pattern <NUM>.

The recording elements <NUM>; <NUM> of the first recording means <NUM> are arranged in the first recording element distance <NUM> from each other.

The second recording means <NUM> is provided with two recording elements <NUM>; <NUM> being arranged in the second pattern <NUM>.

The recording elements <NUM>; <NUM> of the second recording means <NUM> are arranged in the second recording element distance <NUM> from each other.

According to the alternatives as shown in <FIG>, the recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> can be provided in form of at least one electrode respectively. Alternatively, the recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> may be provided in form of coils.

By the recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> of the first and second recording means <NUM>; <NUM> the first pattern <NUM> and the second pattern <NUM> are provided/formed.

As a further alternative in the context of the present invention, electrodes/coils can be distributed along the circumference/extension of a neurostimulation device <NUM> in order to form the recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> respectively.

Moreover, <FIG> shows the embodiment of a percutaneous device <NUM> with an additional stimulation means <NUM> (left illustration of <FIG>) as well as an embodiment (right illustration of <FIG>) which is particularly formed for the purpose of NCV measurement, thus without an additional stimulation means <NUM>.

In particular, the stimulation means <NUM> can be provided inbetween the recoding means distance <NUM> of the neurostimulation device <NUM>, thus between the first and second recording means <NUM>; <NUM>.

In the context of <FIG>, the stimulation means <NUM> is provided in the same form as the recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>, thus in form of an electrode.

Alternatively, the stimulation means <NUM> can be provided in form of at least one coil.

Moreover, it is also possible that the recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> are provided e.g. as coils, while the stimulation means <NUM> is provided in form of an electrode.

Furthermore, the at least one stimulation means <NUM> can be arranged at another location of the stimulation device <NUM> as well, e.g. at a top or bottom of the neurostimulation device <NUM>.

Moreover, the further embodiment according to <FIG> in form of a paddle device <NUM> (right illustration of <FIG>) particularly shows an implementation with multiple first and second recording means <NUM>; <NUM>.

In particular, first and second recording means <NUM>; <NUM> may be arranged multiple times and in an alternating manner.

By providing the first recording means <NUM> and the second recording means <NUM> with a specific signature respectively, like different first/second recording element distances <NUM>; <NUM> or different sensitivity properties, the determination of a propagation of a nerve stimulus along the extension of the neurostimulation device <NUM> of the system <NUM> can be further enhanced.

In this context the first pattern <NUM> of the first recording means <NUM> and the second pattern <NUM> of the second recording means <NUM> may provide a common and/or homogenous pattern of recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>, in particular of repetitively arranged recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>.

In <FIG> and <FIG> a schematic illustration of alternative embodiments concerning the measurement principle as applicable by embodiments according to <FIG> and/or <FIG> and/or <FIG> are shown. In particular, the function of the system <NUM> having a neurostimulation device <NUM>, as exemplarily shown in <FIG>, can be described as follows.

In <FIG> a stimulus/nerve pulse is propagated along a nerve structure/fiber <NUM>.

Along the nerve <NUM> the first and second recording means <NUM>; <NUM> are arranged, e.g. in form of coils being provided on a nerve cuff-like neurostimulation device <NUM> of the system <NUM>.

The first and second recording means <NUM>; <NUM> are separated from each other by the recording means distance <NUM>.

Moreover, the first recording means <NUM> forms a first pattern <NUM> with two recording elements <NUM>; <NUM> being separated by the first recording element distance <NUM>.

The second recording means <NUM> form the second pattern <NUM> with two recording elements <NUM>; <NUM> being separated by the second recording element distance <NUM>.

When the propagating stimulus is detected by one of the recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> a recording signal is provided, indicating an intensity peak over the time(-line), as illustrated at the lower diagram of <FIG>.

In particular, all recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> can be connected to e.g. a control unit of the system <NUM> via a common signal line.

Thus, the recording signals of the several recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> can preferably be combined to a common recording signal <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>.

As the natural nerve stimulus or an induced nerve stimulus, e.g. induced by the stimulations means <NUM>, propagates further along the nerve fiber <NUM>, it is detected/determined/measured by each of the recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> of the first and second recording means <NUM>; <NUM>.

According to the embodiment of <FIG>, the resulting common recording signal <NUM> indicates four intensity peaks over the time(line), each being provided/determined by one of the corresponding recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>.

The height of the intensity peak in the corresponding diagram of the common recording signal depends on the (recording) sensitivity of the respective recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>.

As can be seen from <FIG>, the configuration of the neurostimulation device <NUM>, e.g. with respect to the recording means distance <NUM> as well as the first/second recording elements distances <NUM>; <NUM>, is reflected and can be gathered from the diagram visualizing the common recording signal <NUM>.

According to <FIG>, the recording means distance <NUM> can describe the distance between the beginning of the first recording means <NUM> to the beginning of the second recording means <NUM>.

Moreover, according to <FIG>, the recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> are identically configured, in particular comprise the same sensitivity properties. This can particularly be gathered form the equal height of the peaks of the common recording signal <NUM>.

Alternatively, each of the recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM> can have a different sensitivity which can cause different peak heights within the common recording signal <NUM>.

In particular, the recording elements of a recording means <NUM>; <NUM> can have same or different sensitivities, providing a sensitivity profile, i.e. a signature, for each recording means <NUM>; <NUM>.

The difference between the first recording means <NUM> and the second recording means <NUM> according to <FIG> is the distance between the respective recording elements <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>, hence a deviation between the first recording element distance <NUM> and the second recording element distance <NUM>.

The first pattern <NUM> and the second pattern <NUM> differ from each other with regard to the first/second recording element distance <NUM>; <NUM>.

In <FIG> an embodiment according to <FIG> is shown, in particular with a stimulation means <NUM> as shown in <FIG>.

According to <FIG> the stimulation means <NUM> is situated between the first and second recording means <NUM>; <NUM>.

The stimulation means <NUM> can induce a nerve stimulation in order to initiate a propagating stimulus along the nerve <NUM>.

The arrangement of the stimulation means <NUM> in <FIG> provides a first stimulation means distance <NUM> and a second stimulation means distance <NUM>.

In consideration of the first and second stimulation means distances <NUM>; <NUM> the common recording signal <NUM> can indicate the propagation of the stimulus along the nerve <NUM> over the time, in particular subsequent to a signal processing by the control unit.

In summary, the system according to the present invention can provide a NCV measurement for miniaturized neurostimulation devices <NUM>, like neurostimulation devices <NUM> for PNS.

In particular, a natural nerve stimulus or an induced nerve stimulus, i.e. provided via the stimulation means <NUM>, propagating along a nerve <NUM> can be determined via the neurostimulation device <NUM>.

Thereby, the NCV measurement and signal (post-)processing, particularly in the context of such miniaturized systems <NUM>, can be simplified by utilizing first and second recording means <NUM>; <NUM> being situated/arranged within a (pre-defined) recording means distance <NUM>.

Claim 1:
System (<NUM>) for peripheral nerve stimulation, in particular for detecting and/or monitoring of neuronal and/or muscle activity, comprising at least one neurostimulation device (<NUM>),
wherein the neurostimulation device (<NUM>) comprises at least a first recording means (<NUM>) and a second recording means (<NUM>),
wherein the first recording means (<NUM>) and the second recording means (<NUM>) are configured to be arranged at a recording means distance (<NUM>) from one another and
respectively configured to detect a stimulus being propagated along a nervous structure, in particular along an efferent nerve and/or an afferent nerve, such that a speed of the stimulus being propagated along the nervous structure can be determined, wherein
each of the first and second recording means (<NUM>; <NUM>) comprise at least two recording elements (<NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>),
wherein the recording elements (<NUM>; <NUM>) of the first recording means (<NUM>) are arranged in a first pattern (<NUM>),
wherein the recording elements (<NUM>; <NUM>) of the second recording means (<NUM>) are arranged in a second pattern (<NUM>) different from the first pattern (<NUM>).