Patent Description:
The present disclosure relates to the technical field of non-destructive testing, and in particular to a diffraction apparatus, and a method for non-destructively testing internal crystal orientation uniformity of a workpiece with the diffraction apparatus.

The article "<NPL> introduces how to use an SWXRD-<NUM> short-wavelength X-ray diffractometer to non-destructively measure the WKα1 diffraction intensity distribution along the K angle by K angle scanning on parts at different layer depths of a pre-stretched aluminum plate with a thickness from <NUM> to <NUM>, to characterize the uniformity of the internal texture over the entire thickness of the pre-stretched aluminum plate. However, to use this short-wavelength X-ray diffractometer for testing, it is required that after the WKα1 diffraction intensities at <NUM> angles at one layer depth is scanned and measured, another layer depth of the sample has to be moved to the center of a diffractometer circle, to scan and measure the WKα1 diffraction intensities at <NUM> angles at this layer depth, until K angle scanning and measurement at <NUM> layer depths are completed. It takes about <NUM> minutes to measure the WKα1 diffraction intensity at each K angle at each layer depth. Thus, it takes about <NUM>*<NUM>*<NUM> minutes=<NUM> minutes in total, which is too long. Apparently, the above method is neither suitable for the rapid characterization of the internal crystal orientation uniformity of centimeter-thick samples, nor is it suitable for online non-destructive testing of the internal crystal orientation uniformity and internal texture uniformity of commonly used materials on the production line. In addition, other existing devices or methods for testing the crystal orientation uniformity within centimeter-thick samples also have the problems of long testing time and low testing efficiency. For example, <CIT> discloses a nondestructive testing method of X-ray diffraction which is used for detecting the internal defect of a workpiece which is made of crystal material (including single-crystal materials and polycrystalline materials) or material which contains atoms arranged in sequence along the one-dimensional space, and a device thereof, in particular suitable for detecting the internal defect of the workpiece made of material which consists of atoms of low atomic number. Thus, to shorten the testing time to less than two minutes is a major technical difficulty in this field.

One objective of the present disclosure is to provide a diffraction apparatus, and a second objective of the present disclosure is to provide a method for non-destructively testing internal crystal orientation uniformity of a workpiece with this diffraction apparatus, which can quickly test the crystal orientation uniformity within the workpiece.

The objectives of the present disclosure are achieved by the technical solutions described below.

A diffraction apparatus includes an X-ray irradiation system for irradiating an X-ray to a measured part of a sample under testing, and an X-ray detection system for simultaneously detecting multiple diffracted X-rays formed by diffraction of multiple parts of the sample under testing, to measure an X-ray diffraction intensity distribution of the sample under testing, where the detected diffracted X-rays are short-wavelength characteristic X-rays, and the X-ray detection system is an array detection system. The X-ray irradiation system includes a heavy metal anode target X-ray tube, an incident collimator, a sample platform on which the sample under testing is disposed, a main control computer, a high voltage generator, a controller, a remote operation terminal, an X-ray shielding cover, a θ rotation mechanism that drives the heavy metal anode target X-ray tube to rotate, a <NUM> rotation mechanism that drives the array detection system to rotate, a β rotation mechanism that drives the array detection system to rotate, and a frame. The heavy metal anode target X-ray tube and the incident collimator are mounted on the θ rotation mechanism, the θ rotation mechanism is configured to drive the heavy metal anode target X-ray tube and the incident collimator to rotate around the center of the diffractometer circle, the array detection system is mounted on the <NUM> rotation mechanism, the <NUM> rotation mechanism is configured to drive the array detection system to rotate around the center of the diffractometer circle, the array detection system is also mounted on the β rotation mechanism by the 2θ rotation mechanism, the β rotation mechanism is configured to drive the array detection system to rotate around a vertical imaginary line passing the center of the diffractometer circle of the diffraction apparatus as an axis, θ=<NUM>° in a case that the heavy metal anode target X-ray tube and the incident collimator so rotate as to cause an incident beam to coincide with a β rotation axis, and 2θ=<NUM>° in a case that the array detection system so rotates as to cause orientations of light-passing holes of the array detection system to coincide with or be parallel to the β rotation axis.

Further, the array detection system includes a receiving array collimator, and an array detector that matches the receiving array collimator and has detection units each enabled with single-photon measurement.

Further, each pixel of the array detector is enabled with single-photon measurement.

Further, the array detector is a CdTe array detector or a CdZnTe array detector.

Further, each pixel of the array detector is provided with a pulse height comparator.

Further, each pixel of the array detector is provided with at least two pulse height comparators.

Further, a size of each pixel of the array detector is <NUM> to <NUM>.

Further, a size of each of light-passing holes of the receiving array collimator is <NUM> to <NUM>, a distance between centers of adjacent light-passing holes is <NUM> to <NUM>, and the light-passing holes are parallel to each other and with the same size.

Further, a divergence of the receiving array collimator on a diffractometer circle plane of the diffraction apparatus is <NUM>° to <NUM>°.

Preferably, the receiving array collimator is made of a heavy metal material with an atomic number greater than <NUM>.

More preferably, the receiving array collimator is made of gold, silver or tungsten.

Further, the heavy metal anode target X-ray tube, the incident collimator, and the array detection system are mounted on the frame,.

Further, a size of the light-passing hole of the incident collimator is <NUM> to <NUM>, and a divergence of the light-passing hole of the incident collimator on the diffractometer circle plane is <NUM>° to <NUM>°.

A method for non-destructively testing internal crystal orientation uniformity of a workpiece, with the diffraction apparatus, includes:.

In a preferred embodiment, each pixel of the array detector is enabled with single photon measurement; the array detector is a one-dimensional array detector, the detection unit of the array detector is a pixel corresponding to a light-passing hole of the receiving array collimator, that is, an X-ray count intensity detected by an ith detection unit is a short-wavelength characteristic X-ray count intensity Ii detected by an ith pixel corresponding to a respective light-passing hole; alternatively, the array detector is a two-dimensional array detector, and an ith detection unit of the array detector is formed by a column of pixels corresponding to a light-passing hole of the receiving array collimator, that is, the short-wavelength characteristic X-ray count intensity detected by the ith detection unit is a sum of X-ray count intensities detected by the column of pixels corresponding to the light-passing hole.

In a preferred embodiment, each pixel of the array detector has an energy resolution of 2W and is provided with a pulse height comparator, an energy threshold E<NUM>=(<NUM>-W)E<NUM> of a photon detected by each pixel is determined by presetting a pulse height of the pulse height comparator, so that the ith detection unit of the array detector only detects and records the number of photons with energy greater than or equal to the energy E<NUM>, and the number of the photons with energy greater than or equal to the energy E<NUM> detected and recorded by the ith detection unit of the array detector is the short-wavelength characteristic X-ray count intensity Ii detected by the ith detection unit of the array detector.

In a preferred embodiment, each pixel of the array detector has an energy resolution of 2W and is provided with at least two pulse height comparators, energy thresholds E<NUM>=(<NUM>-W)E<NUM> and E<NUM>=(<NUM>+W)E<NUM> of photons detected by each pixel are determined by presetting a pulse height, so that the ith detection unit of the array detector detects and records both the number I1i of photons with energy greater than or equal to the energy E<NUM> and the number I2i of photons with energy greater than or equal to the energy E<NUM>, and a difference of the number I1i of the photons with energy greater than or equal to the energy E<NUM> minus the number I2i of the photons with energy greater than or equal to the energy E<NUM> is the short-wavelength characteristic X-ray count intensity Ii detected by the ith detection unit of the array detector.

Beneficial effects of the present disclosure are as follows. The method and apparatus of the present disclosure can simultaneously scan and detect multiple parts at different layer depths, without the need to perform scanning and testing separately at each individual layer depth. Thus, detection efficiency is greatly improved and detection time is saved. With the present disclosure, the duration for testing the internal crystal orientation uniformity of the centimeter-thick workpiece over its entire thickness can be shortened to less than two minutes, thereby solving the technical problem of time-consuming testing of the internal crystal orientation uniformity of a centimeter-thick workpiece. By applying the present disclosure, not only can the internal crystal orientation uniformity of a centimeter-thick workpiece be detected quickly and non-destructively over its entire thickness, but also the internal crystal orientation uniformity of the centimeter-thick workpiece over an entire thickness along its motion trajectory can be detected and represented online on a production line. Compared with methods in the conventional art, the detection efficiency of the method can be increased by tens to hundreds times and the method is non-destructive, fast, simple, low-cost, practical and reliable. Taking testing of the internal crystal orientation uniformity of an aluminum plate with a thickness of <NUM> to <NUM> along the thickness direction for example, it takes around <NUM> minutes by the testing method in the background section, while it only <NUM> seconds by the method according to the present disclosure. By comparison, the detection efficiency is increased by about <NUM> times.

Reference numerals are listed as follows:
<NUM>, heavy metal anode target X-ray tube; <NUM>, incident collimator; <NUM>, sample platform; <NUM>, sample; <NUM>, array detector; <NUM>, receiving array collimator; <NUM>, main control computer; <NUM>, high voltage generator; <NUM>, controller; <NUM>, remote operation terminal; <NUM>, diffraction positions and diffraction volumes of various light-passing holes; <NUM>, X-ray shielding cover; <NUM>, θ rotation mechanism of the heavy metal anode target X-ray tube <NUM>; <NUM>, <NUM> rotation mechanism of the array detection system; <NUM>, β rotation mechanism of the array detection system; <NUM>, frame; <NUM>, pixel of the array detector; where the array detection system includes the receiving array collimator and an array detector.

Hereinafter the present disclosure is further described in conjunction with the embodiments. It is pointed out here that the following embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

This embodiment focuses on the testing apparatus used in the method provided in the present disclosure, a diffraction apparatus.

A diffraction apparatus is provided, as shown in <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>. The apparatus includes: a heavy metal anode target X-ray tube <NUM>, an incident collimator <NUM>, a sample platform <NUM> on which a sample <NUM> is disposed, an array detector <NUM> having detection units each enabled with single-photon measurement, a receiving array collimator <NUM> fixed in front of the array detector <NUM>, a main control computer <NUM>, a high voltage generator <NUM>, a controller <NUM>, a remote operation terminal <NUM>, an X-ray shielding cover <NUM>, a θ rotation mechanism <NUM> that drives the heavy metal anode target X-ray tube <NUM> to rotate, an array detection system composed of the receiving array collimator <NUM> and the array detector <NUM>, a <NUM> rotation mechanism <NUM> that drives the array detection system to rotate, a β rotation mechanism <NUM> that drives the array detection system to rotate, and a frame <NUM> of the apparatus.

A distance from the center of a diffractometer circle of the diffraction apparatus to a window of the heavy metal anode target X-ray tube is <NUM> to <NUM>, and a distance from the center of the diffractometer circle to the array detector is <NUM> to <NUM>.

An extended center line of the incident collimator <NUM> and an extended center line of a detection unit in a middle section of the array detector <NUM> intersect at the center of the diffractometer circle.

The heavy metal anode target X-ray tube <NUM>, the high voltage generator <NUM> and the controller <NUM> form an X-ray source of the apparatus to emit X-rays, and a voltage applied to the heavy metal anode target X-ray tube is not less than twice an excitation voltage for generating a short-wavelength characteristic X-ray.

The incident collimator <NUM> is made of a heavy metal material that strongly absorbs X-rays and has an atomic number greater than <NUM>, such as gold, silver, tungsten, etc. A light-passing hole of the incident collimator <NUM> is rectangular, circular or of other regular shapes, which has a divergence greater than <NUM>° and less than <NUM>° on a diffractometer circle plane. Each light-passing hole has the same size, which ranges from <NUM> to <NUM>. In a case that the light-passing hole is circular, the diameter of the circular hole is <NUM> to <NUM>; in a case that the light-passing hole is rectangular, the width of the rectangular hole is <NUM> to <NUM>; in a case that the light-passing hole is triangular, the width of the bottom side of the triangle is <NUM> to <NUM>.

Light-passing holes of the receiving array collimator <NUM> are parallel to each other, and are rectangular or circular holes of the same size, with the same divergence greater than <NUM>° and less than <NUM>° on the diffractometer circle plane. The distance between center lines of adjacent light holes is <NUM> to <NUM>. The receiving array collimator <NUM> is made of a heavy metal material that strongly absorbs X-rays, such as gold, silver, tungsten, etc..

The array detector <NUM> is a CdTe array detector.

Each of the light-passing holes of the receiving array collimator <NUM> faces a corresponding detection unit. The array detector <NUM> and the receiving array collimator <NUM> constitute the array detection system for detecting short-wavelength X-ray diffraction. The diffracted short-wavelength X-rays can be directly incident on corresponding detection units of the array detector <NUM> through respective light-passing holes of the receiving array collimator <NUM>.

The heavy metal anode target X-ray tube <NUM> and the incident collimator <NUM> are mounted on the θ rotation mechanism <NUM>, and the θ rotation mechanism <NUM> may drive the heavy metal anode target X-ray tube <NUM> and the incident collimator <NUM> to rotate around the center of the diffractometer circle. The array detection system is mounted on the <NUM> rotation mechanism <NUM>, and the <NUM> rotation mechanism <NUM> may drive the array detection system to rotate around the center of the diffractometer circle. The array detection system is mounted on the β rotation mechanism <NUM> by the <NUM> rotation mechanism <NUM>, and the β rotation mechanism <NUM> may drive the array detection system to rotate around a vertical imaginary line passing the center of the diffractometer circle in <FIG> as an axis. In a case that the heavy metal anode target X-ray tube <NUM> and incident collimator <NUM> so rotate as to cause an incident beam to coincide with the β rotation axis, θ=<NUM>°; in a case that the array detection system so rotates as to cause orientations of the light-passing holes thereof to coincide with or be parallel to the β rotation axis, 2θ=<NUM>°.

The β rotation mechanism <NUM> may drive the array detection system to rotate around a vertical imaginary line passing the center of the diffractometer circle as shown in a schematic diagram of the diffraction apparatus (<FIG>). In a case that the heavy metal anode target X-ray tube <NUM> and incident collimator <NUM> so rotate as to cause an incident beam to coincide with the β rotation axis, θ=<NUM>°; in a case that the array detection system so rotates as to cause orientations of the light-passing holes thereof to coincide with or be parallel to the β rotation axis, 2θ=<NUM>°. Through the rotation of the θ rotation mechanism <NUM> and the rotation of the <NUM> rotation mechanism <NUM>, a direction angle α of the diffraction vector Q under testing may be turned to α=α<NUM>; through the rotation of the β rotation mechanism <NUM>, a direction angle β of the diffraction vector Q under testing can be turned to β=β<NUM>. Thus, it is ensured that with the diffraction geometry satisfied, count intensities of short-wavelength characteristic X-rays diffracted by parts along a path in which the incident beam passes through a sample under testing are measured both in the direction of the diffraction vector Q (α<NUM>, β<NUM>) under testing determined by the method according to the present disclosure in the sample coordinate and in the direction of 2θ=2θhkl, so as to characterize internal crystal orientation uniformity of the sample under testing over the entire thickness thereof.

A short-wavelength characteristic X-ray diffraction count intensity measured by each corresponding detection unit of the array detector <NUM> enters a communication interface of the main control computer <NUM> via a signal cable. The short-wavelength X-ray diffraction count intensity distribution of sample <NUM> along the depth is measured, which characterizes the uniformity of the crystal orientation of a material/workpiece under testing along the depth. In a case that the sample is moving relative to the diffraction apparatus, the measured short-wavelength X-ray diffraction count intensity distribution not only characterizes the uniformity of internal crystal orientation along the depth inside the material/workpiece under testing, but also characterizes the internal crystal orientation uniformity of the material/workpiece under testing along the motion trajectory of the sample <NUM>.

The high voltage controller <NUM> is configured to turn on the high voltage generator <NUM>, and adjust and control s voltage and a current outputted by the high voltage generator <NUM>. The main control computer <NUM> and the remote operation terminal <NUM> on both sides of the X-ray shielding cover <NUM> are connected by a signal cable, and an operator can operate and control the diffraction apparatus by the main control computer <NUM> on the remote operation terminal <NUM>. The heavy metal anode target X-ray tube <NUM>, the X-ray source, the incident collimator, and the array detection system are mounted on the frame <NUM> of the apparatus.

A method for non-destructively testing internal crystal orientation uniformity of a workpiece is provided, which uses the diffraction apparatus in embodiment <NUM> to detect the crystal orientation uniformity in a cold-rolled <NUM> thick <NUM> aluminum plate. As shown in <FIG>, the method includes the following steps <NUM> to <NUM>.

In step <NUM>, a short-wavelength characteristic X-ray is selected, a wavelength λ<NUM>=<NUM> and a photon energy E<NUM>=<NUM>. 3kev are determined.

In step <NUM>, the crystal orientation distribution of the <NUM> aluminum plate is detected and analyzed by XRD (X-ray diffraction). The measured Al{<NUM>} pole figure of an intermediate layer and its analysis result are shown in <FIG>. The direction at the point <NUM> (the intersection point of the outer circle of the pole figure and the transverse direction TD) on the pole figure shown in <FIG> is selected as the direction of the diffraction vector Q under testing, Q(α<NUM>,β<NUM>)=Q(<NUM>,<NUM>), that is, the direction angle (or orientation angle) is α<NUM> and β<NUM>. Combined with the selection of WKα<NUM> as the short-wavelength characteristic X-ray, the diffraction angle is determined to be 2θ<NUM>=<NUM>°.

In step <NUM>, the <NUM> aluminum plate is disposed on the sample platform <NUM> of the diffraction apparatus in embodiment <NUM> and is adjusted to near the center of the diffractometer circle. A distance from the center of the diffractometer circle to a window of the W target X-ray tube <NUM> is <NUM>, and a distance from the center of the diffractometer circle to the array detector <NUM> is <NUM>. The incident collimator is made of tungsten alloy, and has rectangular light-passing holes, each of which has a divergence greater than <NUM> ° on the diffractometer circle plane of the diffraction apparatus and a width of <NUM>.

In step <NUM>, the array detection system is arranged at the diffraction angle 2θ=2θhkl of the diffraction apparatus and in the direction of the diffraction vector Q (α<NUM>, β<NUM>). Specifically, the θ rotation mechanism <NUM> located at <NUM>° and the <NUM> rotation mechanism <NUM> located at <NUM>° are rotated <NUM>° in opposite directions (the θ rotation mechanism <NUM> is rotated by <NUM>° clockwise, and the <NUM> rotation mechanism <NUM> is rotated by <NUM>° counterclockwise). In this case, the diffraction angle of the array detection system is 2θ<NUM>=<NUM>°. The direction angle α of the diffraction vector Q under testing is rotated to α=<NUM>°, and by rotation of the β rotation mechanism <NUM>, the direction angle β of the diffraction vector Q under testing is rotated to β=<NUM>°. In this way, the array detection system can measure count intensities of short-wavelength characteristic X-rays diffracted along a thickness direction of the sample under testing.

In steps <NUM> to <NUM>, a CdTe array detector <NUM> with <NUM>×<NUM> detection pixels is used, and parameters of the array detector <NUM> are configured. The size of each detection pixel is <NUM>×<NUM>, and each pixel of the array detector <NUM> has an energy resolution of 2W (better than <NUM>%) and is provided with at least two pulse height comparators (the height of each pulse is proportional to the detected photon energy). The receiving array collimator <NUM> fixed in front of the array detector <NUM> has rectangular holes parallel to each other and of the same size (the rectangular hole is <NUM> wide and <NUM> high). The distance between the center lines of adjacent light-passing holes is <NUM>, and the divergence of each hole is the same and is <NUM>° on the diffractometer circle plane. The receiving array collimator <NUM> is made of tungsten alloy, and each light-passing hole is aligned with a detection unit composed of <NUM> pixels. The WKα<NUM> diffraction count intensity detected by the ith detection unit is the sum of the WKα<NUM> diffraction count intensities detected by the corresponding <NUM> pixels, that is, the WKα1 diffraction count intensity Ii detected by the ith detection unit.

The energy thresholds E<NUM>=<NUM>. 95E<NUM> and E<NUM>=<NUM>. 05E<NUM> (WKα<NUM> photon energy E0=<NUM>. 3kev) of a photon detected by each pixel are determined by presetting the pulse height of the pulse height comparator. The ith detection unit of the array detector <NUM> detects and records both the number I1i of photons with energy greater than or equal to energy E<NUM> and the number I2i of photons with energy greater than or equal to energy E<NUM>. The difference (I1i- I2i) of the number I1i of photons with energy greater than or equal to energy E<NUM> minus the number I2i of photons with energy greater than or equal to energy E<NUM> is the number of WKα1 photons with energy greater than or equal to energy E1 and less than or equal to energy E2 detected and recorded by the ith detection unit of the array detector <NUM>. That is, I1i-I2i is the WKα<NUM> diffraction count intensity Ii=I1i-I2i detected by the ith detection unit.

Testing parameters are set as follows: measurement duration=<NUM>, tube voltage=200kv, tube current=12mA, etc..

The test is started. The WKα<NUM> count intensities diffracted by parts with layer spacing of <NUM> are measured simultaneously over the entire thickness of the <NUM> aluminum plate. Test data are saved after taking <NUM> to complete the test.

Standard sample data of a <NUM> thick non-textured aluminum powder plate measured in advance under the same conditions are used to perform an X-ray absorption correction on the test data of the cold-rolled <NUM> thick <NUM> aluminum plate measured above, so as to obtain the WKα<NUM> count intensities diffracted by the parts with layer spacing of <NUM> on the thickness coordinate and a distribution thereof. The test result is shown in <FIG>.

In step <NUM>, internal crystal orientation uniformity within the sample under testing is determined according to a difference degree of a short-wavelength characteristic X-ray diffraction intensity distribution in a sample space. It can be seen from <FIG> that the difference between WKα<NUM> count intensities diffracted by different parts of the <NUM> aluminum plate is large (the difference between the column heights is apparent), and it can be determined that the internal crystal orientation of the cold-rolled <NUM> thick <NUM> aluminum plate is not uniform.

A method for non-destructively testing internal crystal orientation uniformity of a workpiece is provided, to test the crystal orientation uniformity in a cold-rolled <NUM> thick <NUM> aluminum plate.

The testing method, steps, and diffraction apparatus in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment <NUM> and 3mbodiment <NUM>, except for the selection of the following parameters.

The direction at the point <NUM> (the intersection point of the outer circle of the pole figure and a direction at an angle of <NUM>° with the transverse TD direction) on the pole figure of <FIG> is selected as the direction of the diffraction vector Q under testing, that is, Q(α<NUM>,β<NUM>)=Q(<NUM>,<NUM>°).

In this embodiment, the distance from the center of the diffractometer circle of the diffraction apparatus to the window of the W target X-ray tube <NUM> is <NUM>. The incident collimator is made of tungsten alloy, and has rectangular light-passing holes, each of which has a divergence greater than <NUM>°on the diffractometer circle plane and a width of <NUM>.

During the operation, by rotation of the β rotation mechanism, the direction angle β of the diffraction vector Q under testing is rotated to β=<NUM>°.

In this embodiment, a CdZnTe array detector <NUM> with <NUM>×<NUM> detection pixels is used, and each pixel of the array detector is provided with a pulse height comparator (the height of each pulse is proportional to the detected photon energy). The receiving array collimator has rectangular light-passing holes each with a width of <NUM> and a height of <NUM> and a divergence of <NUM>° on the diffractometer circle plane. Each light-passing hole is aligned with a detection unit composed of <NUM>×<NUM> pixels. The WKα<NUM> diffraction count intensity detected by the ith detection unit is the sum of the WKα<NUM> diffraction count intensities detected by the corresponding <NUM> pixels.

An energy threshold E<NUM>=<NUM>. 95E<NUM> of a photon detected by each pixel is determined by presetting the pulse height of the pulse height comparator. During the measurement, the number I1i of photons with energy greater than or equal to energy E<NUM> detected and recorded by the ith detection unit is determined as the WKα<NUM> diffraction count intensity Ii detected by the ith detection unit.

Testing parameters are set as follows: measurement duration=<NUM>, tube voltage=200kv, tube current=8mA, and the <NUM> aluminum plate is in a uniform rectilinear motion at a speed of <NUM>/s in the direction perpendicular to paper of <FIG> showing a diagram of the apparatus, etc..

The test is started. The <NUM> aluminum plate in a uniform rectilinear motion at the speed of <NUM>/s is tested continuously and non-destructively. WKα<NUM> count intensities diffracted by parts with layer spacing of <NUM> and the distribution thereof are measured over the entire thickness of the <NUM> aluminum plate with a length of <NUM> each <NUM> seconds, and test data are saved.

Standard sample data of a <NUM> thick non-textured aluminum powder plate measured in advance under the same conditions are used to perform an X-ray absorption correction on the test data of the cold-rolled <NUM> thick <NUM> aluminum plate measured above. The WKα<NUM> count intensities diffracted by the parts with layer spacing of <NUM> over the entire thickness coordinate and the distribution thereof over the entire thickness are obtained each <NUM> seconds. The test result is intuitively represented as shown in <FIG>. In this embodiment, the average of the WKα<NUM> count intensities diffracted by the parts with spacing of <NUM> from each other over a length coordinate of the aluminum plate and the distribution thereof along the entire length of the aluminum plate are obtained for each layer, and the detection result thereof is intuitively represented as shown in <FIG>. The obtained short-wavelength characteristic X-ray diffraction intensity distribution of areas scanned by an incident X-ray beam, that is, a surface distribution of short-wavelength characteristic X-ray diffraction intensities, may be intuitively represented as shown in <FIG>, to determine the internal crystal orientation uniformity of the tested cold-rolled <NUM> thick <NUM> aluminum plate.

A method for non-destructively testing internal crystal orientation uniformity of a workpiece is provided, to test the internal crystal orientation uniformity of a cold-rolled <NUM> thick <NUM> aluminum plate.

The testing method, steps, and diffraction apparatus in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment <NUM> and embodiment <NUM>, except for the selection of the following parameters.

A direction at a point reached by rotating <NUM>° in a radial direction from the point <NUM> (the intersection point of the outer circle of the pole figure and the transverse direction TD) on the pole figure of <FIG> is selected as the direction of the diffraction vector Q under testing, that is, Q(α<NUM>,β<NUM>)=Q(<NUM>°,<NUM>). Before starting the measurement, θ=<NUM>°, β=<NUM>°, and the <NUM> rotation mechanism rotates to <NUM>° (i.e., 2θ<NUM>=<NUM>°). The diffraction angle of the array detection system is 2θ<NUM>=<NUM>°. That is, the incident X-ray beam is incident perpendicular to the aluminum plate, and coincides with the β rotation axis.

A CdTe array detector <NUM> with <NUM>×<NUM> detection pixels is used. The WKα<NUM> diffraction count intensity detected by the ith detection unit is the sum of the WKα<NUM> diffraction count intensities detected by the corresponding <NUM> pixels, i.e., the WKα<NUM> diffraction count intensity Ii detected by the ith detection unit. The result is shown in <FIG> to intuitively represent the uniformity of crystal orientation, for determining the uniformity of crystal orientation of the sample.

A method for non-destructively testing internal crystal orientation uniformity of a workpiece is provided, to test a single crystal cuboid sample of <NUM> thick nickel-based alloy GH4169. The method is required to non-destructively test the internal crystal orientation uniformity of the sample, to determine the monocrystallinity of the sample.

The test method, steps, and diffraction apparatus in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment <NUM> and embodiment <NUM>, except for the selection of the following parameters.

In this embodiment, XRD is used to detect and analyze the material and its crystal orientation in a part of an intermediate layer of the sample. The Ni (<NUM>) crystal plane of the sample is selected as the diffraction crystal plane, and its width direction as the direction of the diffraction vector under testing, that is, Q(α<NUM>,βo)=Q(<NUM>,<NUM>). Combined with the selection of UKα<NUM> (wavelength λ<NUM>=<NUM> and photon energy E<NUM>=<NUM>. 2kev) as the short-wavelength characteristic X-ray, the diffraction angle is determined to be 2θ<NUM>=<NUM>°.

The distance from the center of the diffractometer circle of the diffraction apparatus to the window of the W target X-ray tube <NUM> is <NUM>, and the distance from the center of the diffractometer circle of the apparatus to the array detector <NUM> is <NUM>. The width of the light-passing hole of the incident collimator is <NUM>.

The θ rotation mechanism <NUM> located at <NUM>° and the <NUM> rotation mechanism <NUM> located at <NUM>° are rotated by <NUM>° in opposite directions. The direction angle α of the diffraction vector Q under testing is rotated to α=<NUM>°. In this case, the diffraction angle of the array detection system is 2θ<NUM>=<NUM>°. By rotation of the β rotation mechanism <NUM>, the direction angle β of the diffraction vector Q is rotated to β=<NUM>°.

Testing parameters are set as follows: measurement duration=<NUM>, tube voltage=270kv, tube current=5mA, etc..

Claim 1:
A diffraction apparatus, comprising:
an X-ray irradiation system for irradiating an X-ray to a measured part of a sample under testing, and
an X-ray detection system for simultaneously detecting a plurality of diffracted X-rays formed by diffraction of a plurality of parts of the sample under testing, to measure an X-ray diffraction intensity distribution of the sample under testing,
wherein the detected diffracted X-rays are short-wavelength characteristic X-rays, and the X-ray detection system is an array detection system,
wherein the X-ray irradiation system comprises:
a heavy metal anode target X-ray tube (<NUM>), an incident collimator (<NUM>), a sample platform (<NUM>) on which the sample under testing (<NUM>) is disposed, a main control computer (<NUM>), a high voltage generator (<NUM>), a controller (<NUM>), a remote operation terminal (<NUM>), an X-ray shielding cover (<NUM>), a θ rotation mechanism (<NUM>) that drives the heavy metal anode target X-ray tube (<NUM>) to rotate, a 2θ rotation mechanism (<NUM>) that drives the array detection system to rotate, a β rotation mechanism (<NUM>) that drives the array detection system to rotate, and a frame (<NUM>), and
the heavy metal anode target X-ray tube (<NUM>) and the incident collimator (<NUM>) are mounted on the θ rotation mechanism (<NUM>), the θ rotation mechanism (<NUM>) is configured to drive the heavy metal anode target X-ray tube (<NUM>) and the incident collimator (<NUM>) to rotate around the center (<NUM>) of the diffractometer circle, the array detection system is mounted on the <NUM> rotation mechanism (<NUM>), the 2θ rotation mechanism (<NUM>) is configured to drive the array detection system to rotate around the center (<NUM>) of the diffractometer circle, the array detection system is also mounted on the β rotation mechanism (<NUM>) by the <NUM> rotation mechanism (<NUM>), the β rotation mechanism (<NUM>) is configured to drive the array detection system to rotate around a vertical imaginary line passing the center of the diffractometer circle of the diffraction apparatus as an axis, θ=<NUM>° in a case that the heavy metal anode target X-ray tube (<NUM>) and the incident collimator (<NUM>) so rotate as to cause an incident beam to coincide with a β rotation axis, and 2θ=<NUM>° in a case that the array detection system so rotates as to cause orientations of light-passing holes of the array detection system to coincide with or be parallel to the β rotation axis.