Patent Description:
Recently, there are growing concerns on renewable and clean energy because of global environment problems and exhaustion of fossil fuels, and among these, solar energy has attracted attention as a representative pollution-free energy source which can resolve problems of environmental pollution and exhaustion of the fossil fuels.

A photovoltaic cell to which a principle of generating solar power is applied is a device for converting solar light into electric energy. Since the photovoltaic cell is necessarily exposed to an external environment for a long time to facilitate absorption of the solar light, the photovoltaic cell is formed in a unit type by performing various packaging processes to protect the cell. The unit is referred to as a photovoltaic module.

However, a photovoltaic cell has relatively low energy conversion efficiency. Solar light has a wide wavelength region including UV, visible, and IR regions, but the wavelength region used in the photovoltaic cell is limited and an absorption rate into the photovoltaic cell is low even if the light in a wide wavelength range is incident to the photovoltaic module.

Accordingly, a photovoltaic module capable of expecting enhancement in total energy conversion efficiency by making the most of the incident light is needed. <CIT> describes a white laminated polyester film for the reflective sheet having a first polyester layer laminated on at least one surface side of a second polyester layer containing a cavity in an interior. The thickness of the first polyester layer of at least one surface side is <NUM>-<NUM>. The first polyester layer contains <NUM>-<NUM> wt. <NUM> of particles having a reflective index of at least <NUM>. The thickness of the second polyester layer is <NUM> or more. The second polyester layer contains at maximum <NUM> wt. % of particles having a reflectivity of at least <NUM>. The second polyester layer further contains <NUM>-<NUM> wt. % of a resin incompatible with a polyester resin, and/or <NUM>-<NUM> wt. % of inorganic particles having a refractive index of less than <NUM>. <CIT> describes second polyester layers containing barium sulfate minute particles laminated on both the surfaces of a first polyester layer containing titanium oxide minute particles. At least one of the first and second polyester layers contains a fluorescent whitening agent to absorb light in the UV wavelength range and convert to blue light, thereby providing whiteness without diminishing the brightness. Accordingly, a value of the color tone is lowered, and the whiteness and shading properties are enhanced. <CIT> describes a composite film consisting of second polyester layers containing barium sulfate fine particles and laminated on both faces of a first polyester layer containing titanium oxide fine particles. At least one of the first and second layers contains a fluorescent whitening agent at a concentration of between <NUM> and <NUM>/cm<NUM>.

The present disclosure is directed to providing a multilayer film having excellent reflectances with respect to all of the UV, visible, and IR regions by enhancing the reflectance with respect to the UV region.

The present disclosure is also directed to providing a photovoltaic module having excellent energy conversion efficiency with respect to all of the UV, visible, and IR regions by enhancing reflectance of an encapsulant or backsheet disposed below a photovoltaic cell with respect to a UV region.

The present disclosure provides a multilayer film including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and inorganic particles having band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV in different layers, and the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more is disposed at an upper portion than the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV.

The multilayer film is a backsheet for a photovoltaic module.

The invention as defined in claim <NUM> provides a photovoltaic module including a multilayer acksheet, which includes the multilayer film.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Conventional or general-purpose functions or configurations may be omitted from the description and the accompanying drawings for the sake of clarity and concision. Thicknesses, sizes, proportions, and shapes of layers and regions shown in the drawings may be exaggerated to provide clear illustration and therefore have no bearing on the scope of the present application.

A multilayer film according to one exemplary embodiment of the present application includes at least two layers, and inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV in different layers. Particularly, the layer including inorganic particles having band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more is disposed at an upper portion than the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV. In one example, the multilayer film may include barium sulfate (BaSO<NUM>) and titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>) in different layers, and the layer including barium sulfate (BaSO<NUM>) is disposed at a high level than the layer including titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>).

In the multilayer film, the "upper" means that the layer is disposed in an upper portion, based on incident light, that is, close to the incident light. Accordingly, in the multilayer film, the layer including inorganic particles having band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more is disposed closer to incident light than the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV. The reflectance of the layer including inorganic particles having band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more is higher than that of the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV with respect to UV rays, which is because the inorganic particles having band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more has a higher UV reflectance than the inorganic particles having band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV. Unlike the inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more, the inorganic particles having band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV absorbs UV rays, and thus have a low reflectance with respect to the UV rays.

Transmission or absorption of the incident light relates to an original property such as band gap energy of each material. When light having a higher energy than band gap energy of an arbitrary material is incident, the light is absorbed, and light having lower energy than the band gap energy is transmitted. Such band gap energy is inversely proportional to a wavelength range. While light having a long wavelength and a lower energy than the band gap energy penetrates a material having low band gap energy, light having a short wavelength and a higher energy than the band gap energy is absorbed, and also penetrates a material having higher band gap energy.

Likewise, a wavelength range of penetrating light is determined by the original band gap energy of an arbitrary material, and the penetrating light is refracted due to a difference in refractive index from an external environment through a particle. When inorganic particles have an almost spherical shape, such refraction is more accelerated. The light penetrating a specific particle due to such refraction is reflected in the particle, which is more easily observed when inorganic particles each having a high refractive index are dispersed in a resin having a low refractive index.

Accordingly, when such inorganic particles having band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV are also included in the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more, a reflectance of the multilayer film with respect to UV rays is decreased. In addition, even when the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV is disposed at an upper portion than the layer including inorganic particles having band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more, it absorbs only UV rays, which is light having a wavelength of <NUM> or less corresponding to a band gap energy of <NUM>. 3eV, and thus the reflectance with respect to the UV rays is decreased.

Generally, when the photovoltaic cell is manufactured in a module type, the cell is protected using an encapsulant, which is usually transparent. Recently, as an upper encapsulant on the front part to which solar light is incident, a transparent encapsulant is used, and as a lower encapsulant on the backsheet, an encapsulant including inorganic particles such as titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>) has been introduced. Likewise, by separating the upper and lower encapsulants, when an encapsulant having a high reflectance is used as the lower encapsulant, as shown in <FIG>, lights reflected by the lower encapsulant may be reflected again into the inside due to the front part (e.g., glass) of the cell to be incident again to the cell, thereby increasing power generating efficiency of the cell.

When the inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV such as titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>) is included, the layer has a high reflectance until an IR region from a visible region of <NUM> or more, but has a very low reflectance in a UV region of less than <NUM>. This is because light (UV rays) having a shorter wavelength than the wavelength (e.g., <NUM>) of the light corresponding to a band gap energy of titanium dioxide (rutile titanium dioxide) such as <NUM> eV is absorbed.

However, as shown in <FIG>, various commercially available photovoltaic cells generate electricity using light in the UV region. <FIG> shows the change in solar absorption spectrum according to the kind of a photovoltaic cell. It can be seen that there is a difference in solar absorption spectrum according to the kind of a photovoltaic cell, and thus there is a difference in energy conversion efficiency.

According to exemplary embodiments of the present application, to enhance the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module, an encapsulant, a back sheet, or a product in which an encapsulant and a backsheet are integrated, which has a high reflectance to UV rays, is provided. As a multilayer film used in such an encapsulant, backsheet, or integrated product, a multilayer film further including a layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more, which is disposed at an upper portion than a layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV, is used to increase a reflectance. Due to the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more, light in the UV region is further used by increasing a reflectance in the UV region of light incident to a cell, thereby reducing a loss of the incident light, and thus the photovoltaic module capable of expecting enhancement of total energy conversion efficiency may be provided.

However, while the inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more such as barium sulfate (BaSO<NUM>) has a high reflectance with respect to the light in the UV region, it has a low reflectance with respect to lights in visible and IR regions due to a low refractive index (<NUM>). For this reason, in exemplary embodiments of the present application, the reflectance with respect to solar light in every region may be increased and thus energy conversion efficiency may be increased by further including a lower encapsulant layer or a lower backsheet including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV, which has a high refractive index (<NUM>) such as titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>).

In addition, to reflect the incident light to be incident again to the cell, the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV are disposed below the photovoltaic cell. The inorganic particles having band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and the inorganic particles having band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV serve to reflect a specific wavelength range of the incident light, are not suitable for an upper encapsulant, but suitable for a lower encapsulant or backsheet. It is preferable that a transparent encapsulant is used as the upper encapsulant to make most of solar lights indent.

As described above, the reflectance of the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more with respect to the UV rays is higher than that of the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV. Particularly, the reflectance of the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more with respect to the UV rays in a wavelength range from <NUM> to <NUM> is <NUM> to <NUM>%, but the reflectance of the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV is merely <NUM> to <NUM>%. This is because the inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more has a higher reflectance with respect to a UV region than the inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV.

However, reflectances of the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV with respect to visible rays in a wavelength range from <NUM> to <NUM> and IR rays having a wavelength of <NUM> or more are higher than that of the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more.

Accordingly, the energy conversion efficiency is increased by increasing the reflectance in every region by including all of the both layers described above.

The multilayer film according to the exemplary embodiments of the present application has a reflectance of <NUM>% or more with respect to UV rays in a wavelength range from <NUM> to <NUM>, and a reflectance of <NUM>% or more with respect to visible rays in a wavelength range from <NUM> to <NUM>.

As an example of the inorganic particles having band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more, at least one selected from the group consisting of barium sulfate (BaSO<NUM>, 5eV), aluminum nitride (AlN, <NUM>. 28eV), boron nitride (BN, <NUM>/<NUM>/<NUM>. 36eV), boron arsenide (B<NUM>As<NUM>, <NUM>. 47eV), gallium nitride (GaN, <NUM>. 46eV), zinc sulfide (<NUM>/<NUM>. 91eV), zinc oxide (<NUM>. 37eV), and tin oxide (<NUM>. 7eV) may be used. For example, the boron nitride has various crystal structures such as nanotube, hexagonal, and regular hexahedronal shapes, and thus has variations in band gap energy.

The inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV may be at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>, <NUM>/<NUM>. 73eV), aluminum arsenide (AlAs, <NUM>. 16eV), gallium arsenide (GaAs, <NUM>. 43eV), gallium sulfide (GaS, <NUM>. 5eV), tin sulfide (SnS, <NUM>. 1eV), lead sulfide (PbS, <NUM>. 37eV), silicon carbide (SiC, <NUM>. 86eV), and barium titanate (BaTiO<NUM>, <NUM>.

The inorganic particles having band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and the inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV may be spherical. As the particles become more spherical, refraction of transmitted light is more frequently observed, and thus the spherical particles are preferable to reflect light.

The multilayer film may further include at least one transparent layer as needed. The at least one transparent layer may be disposed above the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more, between the inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and the inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV, or below the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV. Such a transparent layer preferably has a high transmittance with respect to the incident light.

In a yet another embodiment, the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more may be directly stacked on the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV without a separate layer.

The layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more includes a matrix resin, and the inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more in an amount of <NUM> to <NUM> parts by weight based on <NUM> parts by weight of the matrix resin. In the above range, the layer has a high reflectance with respect to the UV region, and also has high reflectances in visible and IR regions.

In addition, the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV also includes a matrix resin, and inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV in an amount of <NUM> to <NUM> parts by weight based on <NUM> parts by weight of the matrix resin. In the above range, the layer may have high reflectances with respect to visible and IR rays, and effectively increase a reflectance with a small amount due to a high refractive index.

The matrix resins included in the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV may be the same as or different from each other. The matrix resin may be a thermoplastic resin, a heat-curable resin, or a mixture thereof.

The matrix resin may be a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene; an acryl resin; a fluorine-based resin such as a polyvinylfluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer; a polyester resin such as polyethyleneterephthalate, polyethylenenaphthalate, or polybutyleneterephthalate; a polycarbonate resin; a polyamide resin; a polyarylate resin; a polyethersulfone resin; a polysulfone resin; a polyacrylonitrile resin; an aromatic vinyl-based resin such as a polystyrene resin or an ABS resin; a silane-modified olefin resin; a polyurethane resin; an epoxy resin; an ethylenevinylacetate resin; or a mixture thereof, which may be used alone or a combination of at least two thereof.

Among these, the polyolefin resin has excellent electric insulability, and is suitable as a matrix resin for an encapsulant due to transparency. In addition, the fluorine-based resin is excellent in weather resistance and suitable as a matrix resin for a backsheet, but the present application is not limited thereto.

In the multilayer film, the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more has a thickness of <NUM> to <NUM>, for example, <NUM> to <NUM>. Since the reflectance with respect to the UV region may be dependent on an amount of particles per unit area, at least <NUM> of the inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more is included per unit square meter, and when an amount of particles per volume is the same, as the layer has a larger thickness, an amount of particles are increased.

The layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV may have a thickness of <NUM> to <NUM>, for example, <NUM> to <NUM>. The thicknesses of the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV may be the same as or different from each other.

However, as needed, for example, when the multilayer film or a part of the multilayer film is used as a backsheet, it may have a thickness of <NUM> to <NUM> or <NUM> to <NUM>.

In the multilayer film, at least one of the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV may further include at least one selected from the group consisting of an antioxidant, a photo stabilizer, a thermal stabilizer, and a UV stabilizer.

The multilayer film may be an encapsulant encapsulating a photovoltaic module or a backsheet for a photovoltaic module, and may be a product in which an encapsulant is integrated with a backsheet. Even though the multilayer film is applied to any product, when the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more is disposed to a side of the cell close to incident light, the layer may have a high reflectance with respect to UV rays.

A method of manufacturing the multilayer film is not particularly limited, and the multilayer film may be manufactured by a method of laminating a sheet manufactured by a casting method or extruding method to a substrate using an adhesive, or a method of coating a coating solution prepared by dissolving components constituting each layer on the substrate.

The present application also relates to a photovoltaic module including the multilayer film as an encapsulant and/or backsheet for a photovoltaic cell.

<FIG> and <FIG> are cross-sectional views of photovoltaic modules according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, which do not form part of the invention. <FIG> is a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module according to the invention.

In one embodiment of the present application, an encapsulant of the photovoltaic module may have a multilayer structure including a layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and a layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV. Referring to <FIG>, an encapsulant of a photovoltaic module <NUM> includes an encapsulant layer <NUM> including inorganic particles A having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and an encapsulant layer <NUM> including inorganic particles B having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV. That is, the encapsulant for a photovoltaic cell including the encapsulant layers as a lower encapsulant <NUM> and <NUM> includes the encapsulant layer <NUM> including inorganic particles A having band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and the encapsulant layer <NUM> including inorganic particles B having band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV, which are sequentially formed from a side on which solar light is incident. The photovoltaic module <NUM> may include a transparent front substrate <NUM>, an upper encapsulant <NUM>, and a photovoltaic cell <NUM>, which are sequentially stacked from a incident direction of solar light above the lower encapsulant <NUM> and <NUM>, and a backsheet <NUM> below the lower encapsulant <NUM> and <NUM>.

According to the invention, a backsheet for a photovoltaic module has a multilayer structure including a layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and a layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV. Referring to <FIG>, a backsheet of a photovoltaic module <NUM> includes a layer <NUM> including inorganic particles A having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and a layer <NUM> including inorganic particles B having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV, and such a backsheet provides weather resistance to the photovoltaic module <NUM>, and serves to protect the module from an external environment. That is, the backsheet includes a layer <NUM> including inorganic particles A having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and a layer <NUM> including inorganic particles B having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV, which are sequentially formed from a side on which solar light is incident. The photovoltaic module <NUM> includes a transparent front substrate <NUM>, an upper encapsulant <NUM>, a photovoltaic cell <NUM>, and a lower encapsulant <NUM>, which are sequentially stacked from a direction of incident solar light above the backsheet including the layers <NUM> and <NUM>.

In still another embodiment of the present application, an encapsulant of a photovoltaic module may include a layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more, and a backsheet may include a layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV. Alternatively, a product in which an encapsulant and a backsheet are integrated may be employed. <FIG> is a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module <NUM> employing an integrated sheet. Referring to <FIG>, a layer <NUM> including inorganic particles A having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more is an encapsulant for encapsulating the photovoltaic module <NUM>, and a layer <NUM> including inorganic particles B having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV is a backsheet. That is, it is the photovoltaic module <NUM> to which a product in which the encapsulant <NUM> and the backsheet <NUM> are integrated. The integrated product includes the encapsulant <NUM> including inorganic particles (A) having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and the backsheet <NUM> including inorganic particles (B) having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV, which are sequentially formed from a side on which solar light is incident. The photovoltaic module <NUM> may include a transparent front substrate <NUM>, an upper encapsulant <NUM> and a photovoltaic cell <NUM>, which are sequentially stacked from a direction of incident solar light above the encapsulant <NUM> and the backsheet <NUM>. Here, not shown in <FIG>, the backsheet <NUM> for a photovoltaic cell may have a multilayer structure.

In one example, when the layer including inorganic particles having band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and/or the layer including inorganic particles having band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV are used as encapsulants, each layer may have a thickness of <NUM> to <NUM>, and particularly <NUM> to <NUM>. Since the reflectance with respect to UV rays may be dependent on an amount of particles per unit area, <NUM> or more of inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more may be included per unit square meter, and when an amount of particles per volume is the same, the particle amount is proportional to the thickness of the layer. The thicknesses of the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV may be the same as or different from each other.

In addition, as described above, when the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV are used as a backsheet, each layer may have a thickness of <NUM> to <NUM> or <NUM> to <NUM>.

The encapsulant or backsheet of the photovoltaic module may further include at least one transparent layer as needed. The at least one transparent layer may be disposed above the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more, between the inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and the inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV, or below the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV. Such a transparent layer preferably has a high transmittance with respect to the incident light.

In yet another embodiment, the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more may be directly stacked on the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV without a separate layer.

In one example, the encapsulant or backsheet of the photovoltaic module may have a structure further including a substrate. Here, the substrate may be disposed below the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV, and another layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV may be further disposed below the substrate. As a result, the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV may be formed on both sides of the substrate.

A specific kind of the substrate is not particularly limited, and various materials known in the art may be used, and selected according to a required function, use, etc..

in one example, the substrate may be any one of all kinds of metals or polymer sheets. Here, as an example of the metal, aluminum or iron may be used, and as an example of the polymer sheet, a polyester-based sheet, a polyamide-based sheet, or a polyimide-based sheet may be used. Among these, the polyester-based sheet is generally used, but the present application is not limited thereto. As an example of the polyester-based sheet, a monolayer sheet, a stacked sheet, or a coextrusion product of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) may be used, but the present application is not limited thereto.

The substrate may have a thickness of approximately <NUM> to <NUM>, or <NUM> to <NUM>. By controlling the thickness of the substrate as described above, electric insulability, a moisture barrier property, a mechanical characteristic, and handleability of the backsheet may be excellently maintained. However, the thickness of the substrate is not limited within the above-described range, and may be suitably controlled as needed.

On the substrate, a high-frequency spark discharging treatment such as corona treatment or plasma treatment, thermal treatment, flame treatment, treatment with a coupling agent, treatment with an anchoring agent, or chemical activation using gaseous Lewis acid (e.g., BF<NUM>), sulfonic acid, or high temperature sodium hydroxide may be performed.

In addition, in terms of further enhancing the moisture barrier property, an inorganic oxide such as silicon oxide or aluminum oxide may be deposited. In this case, to further enhance an adhesive strength, the above-described spark discharging treatment, flame treatment, treatment with a coupling agent, treatment with an anchoring agent, or chemical activation may be performed on the deposition-treated layer.

In addition, the backsheet for a photovoltaic cell may include a primer layer to enhance an adhesive property between the substrate and the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV. The primer layer is formed on the substrate, and ensures an adhesive strength between the substrate and the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV.

The primer layer may include an acrylic resin, a polyester-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a urea-based resin, an amide-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, an ether sulfone-based resin, an ether imine resin, or a silicon-based resin.

The primer layer may have a thickness of approximately <NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM>, or <NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM>, but may be suitably changed according to a desired adhesive property and the kind of a matrix resin of the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV.

In the encapsulant or backsheet of the photovoltaic module, at least one selected from the group consisting of an antioxidant, a photo stabilizer, a thermal stabilizer, and a UV stabilizer may be further included in at least one of the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV.

A structure of the photovoltaic module is not particularly limited as long as the multilayer film is included as an encapsulant for a photovoltaic cell or a backsheet for a photovoltaic cell, and thus various structures known in the art may be used.

The photovoltaic module may have various structures known in the art without particular limitation. Conventionally, the photovoltaic module may include a transparent front substrate, a backsheet, a photovoltaic cell encapsulated by an encapsulant between the front substrate and the backsheet, and the photovoltaic cell may be encapsulated by an upper encapsulant and the multilayer encapsulant. At least one photovoltaic cell may be included, and such photovoltaic cells may be aligned in series or parallel, thereby forming a photovoltaic cell array.

Here, as an active layer constituting the photovoltaic cell or photovoltaic cell array, representatively, a crystalline or amorphous silicon wafer, or a compound semiconductor such as CIGS or CTS may be used.

The encapsulant or backsheet for a photovoltaic cell including the multilayer film may be applied in various photovoltaic modules known in the art, including a module having the above-described active layer, and in this case, a method of constituting the module or the kinds of other materials are not particularly limited.

The present application will be described in further detail with reference to Examples according to the present application and Comparative Examples not according to the present application. However, the scope of the present application is not limited to the following Examples.

Master batches of barium sulfate and titanium dioxide were previously manufactured using a twin extruder (Mirco <NUM>, Leistriz) with the composition shown in Table <NUM>.

<NUM> of a copolymer (VDF-CTFE copolymer) of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), which had a crystallinity of <NUM>% and a melting point of <NUM>, <NUM> of a copolymer (VDF-HFP copolymer) of VDF and hexafluoropropylene (HFP), which had a crystallinity of <NUM>% and a melting point of <NUM>, and <NUM> of an acrylic polymer (the weight ratio of methyl methacrylate (MMA): glycidyl methacrylate (GMA): methyl methacrylate (MAA) = <NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>) were melted in <NUM> of N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), thereby preparing a first coating solution.

In addition, separate from the above, <NUM> of a dispersant, BYK-<NUM> (BYK) and <NUM> of titanium dioxide (TiPure TS6200, Dupont) were added to <NUM> of DMF, <NUM> of zirconia beads each having a diameter of <NUM> were added again, the resulting mixture was stirred at a speed of <NUM>,<NUM> rpm for <NUM> hour, and the beads were completely removed, thereby preparing a millbase.

<NUM> of the prepared millbase was added to the first coating solution, and stirred again, thereby preparing a coating solution A.

<NUM> of a VDF-CTFE copolymer of VDF and CTFE, which had a crystallinity of <NUM>% and a melting point of <NUM>, <NUM> of a VDF-HFP copolymer of VDF and HFP, which had a crystallinity of <NUM>% and a melting point of <NUM>, and <NUM> of an acrylic polymer (the weight ratio of MMA: GMA: MAA = <NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>) were melted in <NUM> of DMF, thereby preparing a first coating solution.

In addition, separate from the above, <NUM> of a dispersant, BYK-<NUM> (BYK) and <NUM> of barium sulfate (BSB-<NUM>, Cotes) were added to <NUM> of DMF, <NUM> of zirconia beads each having a diameter of <NUM> were added again, the resulting mixture was stirred at a speed of <NUM>,<NUM> rpm for <NUM> hour, and the beads were completely removed, thereby preparing a millbase.

<NUM> of the prepared millbase was added to the first coating solution, and stirred again, thereby preparing a coating solution B.

To manufacture a layer including barium sulfate and a layer including titanium dioxide, <NUM> parts by weight of the mater batch (a) and <NUM> parts by weight of a master batch (b) including barium sulfate or a master batch (c) including titanium dioxide separately manufactured in Preparation Example <NUM> using a polyethylene elastomer (LG chem. , LC670) were extruded using an extruder to which a T die having a width of <NUM> was attached and joined under a cooling roller, thereby preparing a lower encapsulant for a double-layered photovoltaic cell having a final thickness of <NUM>. Here, a T die temperature of the extruder was adjusted to be the same as <NUM> to extrude, and a thickness of each extrusion product extruded from the T die was controlled by changing a speed of the cooling roller.

The coating solution A previously prepared in Preparation Example <NUM> was coated was coated on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET, thickness: <NUM>, Skyrol SG00L, SKC) film using an applicator by controlling a gap to have a thickness after drying of approximately <NUM>, and dried in an oven at <NUM> for approximately <NUM> minutes, thereby forming a layer including titanium dioxide. Afterward, coating was performed on the opposite side of the layer including titanium dioxide as described above, thereby forming a layer including titanium dioxide on both sides of the PET film.

Subsequently, the coating solution B previously prepared in Preparation Example <NUM> was coated on the upper layer of the layers including titanium dioxide using an applicator by controlling a gap to have a thickness after drying of approximately <NUM> and dried in an oven at <NUM> for approximately <NUM> minutes, thereby manufacturing a backsheet for a multilayer photovoltaic cell in which the layer including barium sulfate is formed.

The coating solution A previously prepared in Preparation Example <NUM> was coated on a polyethylene terephthalate) (PET, thickness: <NUM>, Skyrol SG00L, SKC) film using an applicator by controlling a gap to have a thickness after drying of approximately <NUM>, and dried in an oven at <NUM> for approximately <NUM> minutes, thereby forming a layer including titanium dioxide. Afterward, coating was performed on the opposite side of the layer including titanium dioxide as described above using the coating solution B previously prepared in Preparation Example <NUM>, thereby manufacturing a backsheet for a multilayer photovoltaic cell in which the layer including barium sulfate and the layer including titanium dioxide are respectively formed above and below the PET film.

To manufacture an encapsulant layer including barium sulfate, a sheet was plasticized at <NUM> using a single extruder (RHOMEX <NUM>, HAAHE) to which a T die having a width of <NUM> was attached by mixing <NUM> parts by weight of the master batch (a) and <NUM> parts by weight of the master batch (b) including barium sulfate separately manufactured in Preparation Example <NUM> using a polyethylene elastomer (LG chem. , LC670) and stirred in a tumbler for <NUM> minutes or more. The sheet was manufactured to have a thickness of <NUM> by controlling a speed of a cooling roller for cooling an extrusion product extruded from a T die.

The manufactured barium sulfate sheet was laminated on a backsheet in which a fluorine-based resin including titanium dioxide was coated on both sides of the PET (thickness: <NUM>, Skyrol SG00L, SKC) substrate to have a thickness after drying of <NUM> at <NUM> for <NUM> minutes, thereby manufacturing an integrated encapsulation product for a multilayer photovoltaic cell having a total thickness of <NUM>.

To manufacture a monolayer sheet including barium sulfate, a sheet was plasticized at <NUM> using a single extruder (RHOMEX <NUM>, HAAHE) to which a T die having a width of <NUM> was attached by mixing <NUM> parts by weight of the master batch (a) and <NUM> parts by weight of the master batch (b) including barium sulfate separately manufactured in Preparation Example <NUM> using a polyethylene elastomer (LG chem. , LC670) and stirred in a tumbler for <NUM> minutes or more. The sheet was manufactured to have a thickness of <NUM> by controlling a speed of a cooling roller for cooling an extrusion product extruded from the T die.

A <NUM>-thick monolayer sheet including titanium dioxide was manufactured as described in Comparative Example <NUM>, except that a titanium dioxide master batch was used instead of a barium sulfate master batch.

A lower encapsulant for a double-layered photovoltaic cell having a final thickness of <NUM> was manufactured as described in Example <NUM>, except that a barium sulfate sheet was disposed under a titanium dioxide sheet.

To manufacture a monolayer sheet including barium sulfate and titanium dioxide, a sheet was plasticized at <NUM> using a single extruder (RHOMEX <NUM>, HAAHE) to which a T die having a width of <NUM> was attached by mixing <NUM> parts by weight of the master batch (a) and <NUM> parts by weight of a master batch (d) including barium sulfate and titanium dioxide separately manufactured in Preparation Example <NUM> using a polyethylene elastomer (LG chem. , LC670) and stirred in a tumbler for <NUM> minutes or more. The sheet was manufactured to have a thickness of <NUM> by controlling a speed of a cooling roller for cooling an extrusion product extruded from the T die.

A sample was manufactured by cutting the sheets manufactured in Examples <NUM> to <NUM> and Comparative Examples <NUM> to <NUM> in a size of <NUM> × <NUM> and laminating the cut sheets using a vacuum laminator (LM-<NUM>×<NUM>-S, NPC) at <NUM> for <NUM> minutes.

A reflectance of the laminated sample was measured using a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer (UV-<NUM>, SHIMADSU) in a wavelength range from <NUM> to <NUM>. In Examples <NUM> to <NUM>, a reflectance of the layer including barium sulfate of the laminated sample was measured in a direction of incident light, and in Comparative Example <NUM>, a reflectance of the layer including titanium dioxide of the laminated sample was measured in a direction of incident light, and then the measurement results are shown in <FIG>. Reflectance spectra of Example <NUM> and Comparative Examples <NUM> to <NUM> are shown in <FIG>, and reflectance spectra of Examples <NUM> to <NUM> are shown in <FIG>.

In addition, the measured reflectance spectra were divided into a UV region including a part of wavelengths of UV rays, for example, from <NUM> to <NUM>, and a visible region from <NUM> to <NUM>, which were used in silicon photovoltaic cell, and an area of each region was calculated to compare reflectances, and then the measurement results are shown in <FIG>. The reflectances of Example <NUM> and Comparative Examples <NUM> to <NUM> are shown in <FIG>, and the reflectances of Examples <NUM> to <NUM> are shown in <FIG>.

As shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, it can be confirmed that the multilayer encapsulant, multilayer backsheet, or integrated product (Examples <NUM> to <NUM>) having the barium sulfate encapsulant layer in the direction of incident light has a remarkably higher reflectance in the UV region than those of the titanium dioxide encapsulant monolayer sheet (Comparative Example <NUM>), the multilayer sheet (Comparative Example <NUM>) having the titanium dioxide encapsulant layer in a direction of incident light, and the monolayer sheet (Comparative Example <NUM>) simultaneously including titanium dioxide and barium sulfate.

In addition, it can be confirmed that the barium sulfate encapsulant monolayer sheet (Comparative Example <NUM>) has a high reflectance in the UV region, but has low reflectances in the visible and IR regions.

According to exemplary embodiments of the present application, a multilayer film including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more and inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV in different layers, in which the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more is disposed at an upper portion than the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV toward incident light, that is, based on incident light, is provided, and thus reflectance with respect to a UV region, as well as visible and IR regions, may be increased. Accordingly, the incident light in the UV region may be reflected by the inorganic particles having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more to be internally reflected again on a front part of the photovoltaic module, thereby enhancing energy conversion efficiency.

Claim 1:
A photovoltaic module (<NUM>), comprising a multilayer backsheet,
wherein the multilayer backsheet comprises a multilayer film comprising:
a layer (<NUM>) including inorganic particles (A) having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more; and
a layer (<NUM>) including inorganic particles (B) having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV,
wherein the layer (<NUM>) including the inorganic particles (A) having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more is disposed at an upper portion, thereby being disposed closer to incident light, than the layer (<NUM>) including the inorganic particles (B) having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV,
wherein the layer (<NUM>) including the inorganic particles (A) having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more includes at least <NUM> of the inorganic particles (A) having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more per unit square meter,
wherein the layer (<NUM>) including the inorganic particles (A) having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more has a thickness of <NUM> to <NUM>,
wherein the layer (<NUM>) including the inorganic particles (A) having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more includes a matrix resin, and the inorganic particles (A) having a band gap energy of <NUM> eV or more in an amount of <NUM> to <NUM> parts by weight with respect to <NUM> parts by weight of the matrix resin,
wherein the layer (<NUM>) including the inorganic particles (B) having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV includes a matrix resin, and the inorganic particles (B) having a band gap energy of less than <NUM> eV in an amount of <NUM> to <NUM> parts by weight with respect to <NUM> parts by weight of the matrix resin, and
wherein the photovoltaic module (<NUM>) further comprises a transparent front substrate (<NUM>), an upper encapsulant (<NUM>), a photovoltaic cell (<NUM>) and a lower encapsulant (<NUM>), which are sequentially stacked from a direction of incident solar light above the multilayer backsheet.