Patent Description:
Stainless steel products that utilize this clean and polish approach typically suffer from many drawbacks, including: streaking (e.g., it is difficult to get a streak-free shine); difficult to "spot clean" a portion of the surface (e.g., users typically have to clean an entire area to maintain a uniform oil layer); the product dries slowly, and the appearance changes during drying; attraction to dirt (e.g., oiled surfaces collect lint and dust easily); oil build-up (e.g., mineral oil left on surfaces can accumulate and is difficult to remove); and the inability to cut tough stains commonly found in restrooms.

Although there are commercial products that improve on these products, there is still a need for compositions that can coat, and more particularly protect, and optionally clean and protect, stainless steel surfaces, and other metal surfaces. <CIT> discloses copolymers formed by copolymerization of a zwitterionic monomer and a phosphonic acid or phosphonate monomer used as coatings for metal surfaces.

Provided herein are zwitterionic copolymers that include phosphonic acid, phosphonate, phosphoric acid, and/or phosphate end groups, compositions and articles containing such copolymers, and methods of coating.

In one aspect of the disclosure, a copolymer (i.e., a zwitterionic copolymer) is disclosed that includes: (a) first monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (I).

CH<NUM>=CR<NUM>-(CO)-X-R<NUM>-[-Q-R<NUM>-]n-Y     (I).

or salts thereof, wherein: R<NUM> is hydrogen or methyl; X is oxy or -NH-; R<NUM> is an alkylene optionally including catenary oxygen; R<NUM> is an alkylene; Q is -(CO)O-, -NR<NUM>-(CO)-NR<NUM>-, or -(CO)-NR<NUM>-; R<NUM> is hydrogen or alkyl; n is equal to <NUM>; and Y is phosphonic acid, phosphonate, phosphoric acid, or phosphate; and (b) second monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (II).

CH<NUM>=CR<NUM>-(CO)-X-R<NUM>-[-Q-R<NUM>-]n-[NR<NUM>R<NUM>]+-R<NUM>-Z-     (II).

wherein: R<NUM> is hydrogen or methyl; X is oxy or -NH-; R<NUM> is alkylene optionally including catenary oxygen; R<NUM> is alkylene; Q is -(CO)O-, -NR<NUM>-(CO)-NR<NUM>-, or -(CO)-NR<NUM>-; R<NUM> is hydrogen or alkyl; n is equal to <NUM> or <NUM>; R<NUM> and R<NUM> are each independently an alkyl, aryl, or a combination thereof (i.e., alkaryl or aralkyl), or R<NUM> and R<NUM> both combine with the nitrogen to which they are both attached to form a heterocyclic ring having <NUM> to <NUM> ring members; R<NUM> is alkylene; and Z- is carboxylate or sulfonate.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a coating composition (i.e., a liquid coating composition, and preferably, an aqueous coating composition) is provided that includes the copolymer as described herein. Such liquid coating composition may include water, an organic solvent, or both.

In another aspect of the disclosure, an article is provided that includes: a substrate; and a coating adjacent to the substrate, wherein the coating comprises a zwitterionic copolymer as described herein.

In certain embodiments, the substrate has a surface including a metal, which, for example, may form at least a portion of a kitchen appliance such as a refrigerator, dishwasher, stove, etc. In such embodiment, the coating adjacent the substrate may be in a liquid state (e.g., layer of an aqueous coating composition) or in a hardened state (e.g., dried at room temperature or above) formed from a liquid coating composition.

In certain embodiments, the substrate includes a fibrous material, which, for example, forms a wipe. In such embodiment, the coating adjacent the substrate may be a coating composition, which may be in a liquid state (e.g., an aqueous coating composition) impregnated within the fibrous substrate.

Thus, herein, a "coating" may be a layer of a coating composition in liquid form or that has been hardened. In this context, a "hardened" coating refers to one that is dried upon removal of the water and/or organic solvent. And, the term "adjacent" can be used to refer to two materials that are in direct contact, and which can be in the form of layers, such as a coating (in liquid or hardened form) on a metal substrate, or a coating (typically in liquid form) on a fibrous substrate.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of coating a surface, the method includes: providing a coating composition described herein; applying the coating composition to the surface; and allowing the coating composition to dry on the surface to form a hardened coating that includes the copolymer described herein.

As used herein, "alkyl" refers to a monovalent group that is a radical of an alkane and includes straight-chain, branched, cyclic, and bicyclic alkyl groups, and combinations thereof. Unless otherwise indicated, the alkyl groups typically contain from <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the alkyl groups contain <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, or <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms. Examples of "alkyl" groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, isopropyl, n-octyl, n-heptyl, ethylhexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, and the like.

The term "alkylene" refers to a divalent group that is a radical of an alkane and includes groups that are linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, or a combination thereof. Unless otherwise indicated, the alkylene group typically has <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the alkylene group has <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, or <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms. Examples of "alkylene" groups include methylene, ethylene, propylene, <NUM>,<NUM>-butylene, <NUM>,<NUM>-cyclohexylene, and <NUM>,<NUM>-cyclohexyldimethylene.

The phrase "alkylene optionally including catenary oxygen" refers to refers to one or more (nonperoxidic) oxygen atoms that replaces at least one carbon atom (usually a -CH<NUM>- group) in a carbon chain in an alkylene group. The catenary oxygen is between two carbon atoms in the chain.

The term "aryl" refers to a monovalent group that is aromatic and, optionally, carbocyclic. The aryl has at least one aromatic ring. Any additional rings can be unsaturated, partially saturated, saturated, or aromatic. Optionally, the aromatic ring can have one or more additional carbocyclic rings that are fused to the aromatic ring. Unless otherwise indicated, the aryl groups typically contain from <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the aryl groups contain <NUM> to <NUM>, <NUM> to <NUM>, <NUM> to <NUM>, or <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms. Examples of an aryl group include phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, phenanthryl, and anthracyl.

The term "aralkyl" refers to a monovalent group that is an alkyl group substituted with an aryl group (e.g., as in a benzyl group). The term "alkaryl" refers to a monovalent group that is an aryl substituted with an alkyl group (e.g., as in a tolyl group). Unless otherwise indicated, for both groups, the alkyl portion often has <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, or <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, and an aryl portion often has <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, or <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms.

A "carboxylate" group is of the formula -CO<NUM>-.

A "sulfonate" group is of the formula -SO<NUM>-.

A "phosphonate" group is of the formula -PO<NUM>H- or -PO<NUM><NUM>-.

A "phosphate" group is of the formula -PO<NUM>H- or -PO<NUM><NUM>-.

A "phosphonic acid" group is of the formula -PO<NUM>H<NUM>.

A "phosphoric acid" group is of the formula -PO<NUM>H<NUM>.

The term "zwitterionic copolymer" is a neutral copolymer that has electrical charges of opposite sign within a molecule, as described in http://goldbook. org/Z06752.

A coating composition of the present disclosure may be in a "ready-to-use" form or a "concentrated" form. Herein, a "ready-to-use" composition is one that is not diluted before coating or otherwise applied to a surface. In contrast, a "concentrated" composition is one that is diluted before coating or otherwise applied to a surface. Dilutions typically seen are <NUM>: <NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM>, wherein <NUM> part of concentrate is added to <NUM> part water (or up to <NUM> parts water).

The term "comprises" and variations thereof do not have a limiting meaning where these terms appear in the description and claims. Such terms will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated step or element or group of steps or elements but not the exclusion of any other step or element or group of steps or elements. By "consisting of" is meant including, and limited to, whatever follows the phrase "consisting of. " Thus, the phrase "consisting of" indicates that the listed elements are required or mandatory, and that no other elements may be present. By "consisting essentially of" is meant including any elements listed after the phrase, and limited to other elements that do not interfere with or contribute to the activity or action specified in the disclosure for the listed elements. Thus, the phrase "consisting essentially of" indicates that the listed elements are required or mandatory, but that other elements are optional and may or may not be present depending upon whether or not they materially affect the activity or action of the listed elements. Any of the elements or combinations of elements that are recited in this specification in open-ended language (e.g., comprise and derivatives thereof), are considered to additionally be recited in closed-ended language (e.g., consist and derivatives thereof) and in partially closed-ended language (e.g., consist essentially, and derivatives thereof).

However, other claims may also be preferred, under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or more preferred claims does not imply that other claims are not useful, and is not intended to exclude other claims from the scope of the disclosure.

In this application, terms such as "a," "an," and "the" are not intended to refer to only a singular entity, but include the general class of which a specific example may be used for illustration. The terms "a," "an," and "the" are used interchangeably with the term "at least one. " The phrases "at least one of" and "comprises at least one of" followed by a list refers to any one of the items in the list and any combination of two or more items in the list.

As used herein, the term "or" is generally employed in its usual sense including "and/or" unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

Also herein, all numbers are assumed to be modified by the term "about" and in certain embodiments, preferably, by the term "exactly. " As used herein in connection with a measured quantity, the term "about" refers to that variation in the measured quantity as would be expected by the skilled artisan making the measurement and exercising a level of care commensurate with the objective of the measurement and the precision of the measuring equipment used. Herein, "up to" a number (e.g., up to <NUM>) includes the number (e.g., <NUM>).

Also herein, the recitations of numerical ranges by endpoints include all numbers subsumed within that range as well as the endpoints (e.g., <NUM> to <NUM> includes <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, etc.) and any sub-ranges (e.g., <NUM> to <NUM> includes <NUM> to <NUM>, <NUM> to <NUM>, <NUM> to <NUM>, etc.).

As used herein, the term "room temperature" refers to a temperature of <NUM> to <NUM> or <NUM> to <NUM>.

The term "in the range" or "within a range" (and similar statements) includes the endpoints of the stated range.

Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations.

When a group is present more than once in a formula described herein, each group is "independently" selected, whether specifically stated or not. For example, when more than one R group is present in a formula, each R group is independently selected.

Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "certain embodiments," or "some embodiments," etc., means that a particular feature, configuration, composition, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of such phrases in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment of the invention.

The above summary of the present disclosure is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the present invention. In several places throughout the application, guidance is provided through lists of examples, which examples may be used in various combinations. Although various theories and possible mechanisms may have been discussed herein, in no event should such discussions serve to limit the claimable subject matter.

Provided herein are zwitterionic copolymers that include phosphonic acid, phosphonate, phosphoric acid, and/or phosphate end groups, compositions and articles containing such copolymers, and methods of coating a surface. The method of coating is preferably a method of protecting (e.g., against fingerprints and cooking oil), and optionally cleaning and protecting, a surface.

Such copolymers are particularly useful for protecting a surface, especially a metal surface (i.e., metallic surface), particularly stainless steel, such as on kitchen appliances. Thus, in certain embodiments, the zwitterionic copolymer can be used to form a hardened coating on a metal surface to protect the surface. Typically, such hardened coating can be prepared by simply applying a coating composition including such copolymer, and water, an organic solvent, or both, to a metal surface, and allowing the coating composition to dry (thereby allowing water, organic solvent, or both to evaporate).

Thus, the zwitterionic copolymer and coating compositions that include such copolymer may provide one or more of the following advantages: (<NUM>) the resultant coated metal surfaces attract less dirt (e.g., fingerprints, vegetable oil) than control or non-coated surfaces; (<NUM>) when dirt does collect, the coated metal surfaces can be more easily cleaned (e.g., using a simple wet cloth, water wash, or water dipping depending upon the harshness of the grime); and (<NUM>) the coated metal surfaces may not display an unsightly chalky residue from build-up of the coating.

Advantageously, in certain embodiments, a hardened coating on a surface (e.g., a metal surface such as a stainless-steel surface) formed from a coating composition including a copolymer of the present disclosure demonstrates at least <NUM>% peanut oil removal according to the Peanut Oil Removal Test described in the Examples Section. This test demonstrates the easy-clean properties provided by the zwitterionic copolymers described herein, which can potentially reduce the time required to clean stainless-steel surfaces in commercial areas, reduce the accumulation rate of soils on said surfaces, and improve overall function and appearance.

In certain embodiments, a hardened coating on a surface (e.g., a metal surface such as a stainless-steel surface) formed from a coating composition including a copolymer of the present disclosure, after being abraded according to the Coating Durability Test described in the Examples Section, demonstrates at least <NUM>% peanut oil removal according to the Peanut Oil Removal Test described in the Examples Section. It is believed that such durability can occur, for example, through attachment between the phosphonic acid, phosphonate, phosphoric acid, and/or phosphate end groups of the zwitterionic copolymer and the metal surface. This test demonstrates longer easy-clean properties provided by the zwitterionic copolymers described herein, preferably with less frequent re-application.

In one aspect of the disclosure, a copolymer is disclosed that includes: (a) first monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (I).

In certain embodiments, the copolymer is a random copolymer, which may include one or more monomeric units derived from the same or different monomers of Formula (I) and one or more monomeric units derived from the same or different monomers of Formula (II) as well as one or more optional monomers.

In certain embodiments of Formula (I), R<NUM> is a (C1-C10)alkylene, a (C1-C5)alkylene, or a (C1-C3)alkylene, optionally including <NUM>-<NUM> catenary oxygen atoms. In certain embodiments of Formula (I), R<NUM> is a (C1-C10)alkylene, a (C1-C5)alkylene, or a (C1-C3)alkylene (with no catenary oxygen atoms). In certain embodiments of Formula (I), R<NUM> is a (C1-C3)alkylene.

In certain embodiments of Formula (I), R<NUM> is a (C1-C10)alkylene, a (C1-C5)alkylene, or a (C1-C3)alkylene. In certain embodiments of Formula (I), R<NUM> is a (C1-C3)alkylene.

In certain embodiments of Formula (I), R<NUM> is a (C1-C10)alkyl, a (C1-C5)alkyl, or a (C1-C3)alkyl. In certain embodiments of Formula (I), R<NUM> is a (C1-C3)alkyl.

In certain embodiments of Formula (I), Q is -NR<NUM>-(CO)-NR<NUM>- or -(CO)-NR<NUM>-.

In certain embodiments of Formula (I), Y is phosphonate or phosphonic acid.

In certain embodiments, the monomers of Formula (I) are selected from:.

CH<NUM>=CH-(CO)-NH-C(CH<NUM>)<NUM>-(CO)-NR<NUM>-R<NUM>-PO<NUM>H<NUM>     (I-<NUM>);.

CH<NUM>=CH-(CO)-NH-C(CH<NUM>)<NUM>-(CO)-NH-R<NUM>-PO<NUM>H<NUM>     (I-<NUM>);.

CH<NUM>=C(CH<NUM>)-(CO)-O-CH<NUM>CH<NUM>-NR<NUM>-(CO)-NR<NUM>-R<NUM>-PO<NUM>H<NUM>     (I-<NUM>);.

CH<NUM>=C(CH<NUM>)-(CO)-O-CH<NUM>CH<NUM>-NH-(CO)-NH-R<NUM>-PO<NUM>H<NUM>     (I-<NUM>);.

CH<NUM>=CH-(CO)-NH-C(CH<NUM>)<NUM>-(CO)-O-R<NUM>-PO<NUM>H<NUM>     (I-<NUM>).

In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> is a (C1-C10)alkylene, a (C1-C5)alkylene, or a (C1-C3)alkylene, optionally including <NUM>-<NUM> catenary oxygen atoms. In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> is a (C1-C10)alkylene, a (C1-C5)alkylene, or a (C1-C3)alkylene (with no catenary oxygen atoms). In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> is a (C1-C3)alkylene.

In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> is a (C1-C10)alkylene, a (C1-C5)alkylene, or a (C1-C3)alkylene. In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> is a (C1-C3)alkylene.

In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> is a (C1-C10)alkyl, a (C1-C5)alkyl, or a (C1-C3)alkyl. In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> is a (C1-C3)alkyl.

In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> and R<NUM> are each independently a (C1-C10)alkyl, a (C1-C5)alkyl, or a (C1-C3)alkyl. In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> and R<NUM> are each independently a (C1-C3)alkyl.

In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> and R<NUM> are each independently a (C6-C10)aryl.

In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> and R<NUM> are each independently an alkaryl or aralkyl. In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> and R<NUM> are each independently an aralkyl. In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> and R<NUM> are each a benzyl group.

In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> and R<NUM> both combine with the nitrogen to which they are both attached to form a heterocyclic ring having <NUM> to <NUM> ring members. The term "heterocyclic ring" means a cyclic aliphatic group having at least one -CH<NUM>- replaced with a heteroatom such as NRd, O, or S, wherein Rd is H or an alkyl group (typically a (C1-C3)alkyl group).

In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> is alkylene is a (C1-C10)alkylene, a (C1-C5)alkylene, or a (C1-C3)alkylene. In certain embodiments of Formula (II), R<NUM> is alkylene is a (C1-C3)alkylene.

In certain embodiments of Formula (II), Q is -NR<NUM>-(CO)-NR<NUM>- or -(CO)-NR<NUM>-.

In certain embodiments, the monomers of Formula (II) are selected from:.

CH<NUM>=C(CH<NUM>)-(CO)-O-R<NUM>-[N(CH<NUM>)<NUM>]+-R<NUM>-SO<NUM>-     (II-<NUM>);.

CH<NUM>=C(CH<NUM>)-(CO)-NH-R<NUM>-[N(CH<NUM>)<NUM>]+-R<NUM>-SO<NUM>-     (II-<NUM>);.

CH<NUM>=C(CH<NUM>)-(CO)-NH-R<NUM>-[N(CH<NUM>)<NUM>]+-R<NUM>-CO<NUM>-     (II-<NUM>).

In certain embodiments, the copolymer includes <NUM> to <NUM> mole percent first monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (I) and <NUM> to <NUM> mole percent second monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (II). In certain embodiments, the copolymer includes <NUM> to <NUM> mole percent first monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (I) and <NUM> to <NUM> mole percent second monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (II). In certain embodiments, the copolymer includes <NUM> to <NUM> mole percent first monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (I) and <NUM> to <NUM> mole percent second monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (II).

In certain embodiments, the copolymer includes at least two, at least four, or at least six monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (I), which may be the same or different.

In certain embodiments, the copolymer has a theoretical (i.e., estimated) weight average molecular weight (Mw) of at least <NUM>,<NUM> Daltons, at least <NUM>,<NUM> Daltons, or at least <NUM>,<NUM> Daltons. In certain embodiments, the copolymer has a theoretical weight average molecular weight (Mw) of up to <NUM>,<NUM> Daltons, up to <NUM>,<NUM> Daltons, or even more. The theoretical weight average molecular weight may be determined by standard techniques including theoretical techniques (e.g., by evaluating a decreasing integration of acrylate peaks corresponding to the starting monomers in NMR analysis).

In certain embodiments, the copolymer further includes <NUM> to <NUM> mole percent of optional third monomeric units. In certain embodiments, the third monomeric units are derived from an alkyl (meth)acrylate, a poly(alkylene oxide) (meth)acrylate, or a mixture thereof. In this context, a (meth)acrylate includes an acrylate and a methacrylate. Such monomers are preferred over readily available vinyl phosphate monomers, at least because the use of the latter in combination with the zwitterionic (meth)acrylate monomers disclosed herein may result in a blocky copolymer rather than one that is random because vinyl monomers do not polymerize as readily as (meth)acrylate monomers.

In certain embodiments, the copolymer is derived from polymerization of monomers of Formula (I) and Formula (II) in the presence of an initiator, such as a photoinitiator or a thermal initiator. Preferred initiators are thermal initiators.

In some embodiment, a thermal initiator is used. Thermal initiators can be water-soluble or water-insoluble (i.e., oil-soluble) depending on the particular polymerization method used. Suitable water-soluble initiators include, but are not limited to, persulfates such as potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, and mixtures thereof; an oxidation-reduction initiator such as the reaction product of a persulfate and a reducing agent such as a metabisulfite (e.g., sodium metabisulfite) or a bisulfate (e.g., sodium bisulfate); <NUM>,<NUM>'-azobis(<NUM>-cyanopentanoic acid) and its soluble salts (e.g., sodium or potassium); or <NUM>,<NUM>'-azobis(<NUM>-cyanovaleric acid) and its soluble salts (e.g., sodium or potassium). Suitable oil-soluble initiators include, but are not limited to, various azo compound such as those commercially available under the trade designation VAZO from E. DuPont de Nemours Co. , (Wilmington, DE) including VAZO <NUM>, which is <NUM>,<NUM>'-azobis(<NUM>-methylbutane nitrile), VAZO <NUM>, which is <NUM>,<NUM>' -azobis(isobutyronitrile), and VAZO <NUM>, which is (<NUM>,<NUM>'-azobis(<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethylpentanenitrile); and various peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, cyclohexane peroxide, and lauroyl peroxide. Mixtures of various thermal initiators may be used if desired.

In many embodiments, a photoinitiator is used. Some exemplary photoinitiators are benzoin ethers (e.g., benzoin methyl ether or benzoin isopropyl ether) or substituted benzoin ethers (e.g., anisoin methyl ether). Other exemplary photoinitiators are substituted acetophenones such as <NUM>,<NUM>-diethoxyacetophenone or <NUM>,<NUM>-dimethoxy-<NUM>-phenylacetophenone (commercially available under the trade designation IRGACURE <NUM> from BASF Corp. (Florham Park, NJ) or under the trade designation ESACURE KB-<NUM> from Sartomer (Exton, PA)). Still other exemplary photoinitiators are substituted alpha-ketols such as <NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-hydroxypropiophenone, aromatic sulfonyl chlorides such as <NUM>-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride, and photoactive oximes such as <NUM>-phenyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-propanedione-<NUM>-(O-ethoxycarbonyl)oxime. Other suitable photoinitiators include, for example, <NUM>-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (IRGACURE <NUM>), bis(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphineoxide (IRGACURE <NUM>), <NUM>-[<NUM>-(<NUM>-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-<NUM>-hydroxy-<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-propane-<NUM>-one (IRGACURE <NUM>), <NUM>-benzyl-<NUM>-dimethylamino-<NUM>-(<NUM>-morpholinophenyl)butanone (IRGACURE <NUM>), <NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-[<NUM>-(methylthio)phenyl]-<NUM>-morpholinopropan-<NUM>-one (IRGACURE <NUM>), <NUM>-hydroxy-<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-phenyl propan-<NUM>-one (DAROCUR <NUM>), methyl <NUM>,<NUM>-bis (isopropoxycarbothioylsulfanyl)acetate, and others disclosed in <CIT> (<NUM> Innovative Properties, St. Mixtures of photoinitiators may be used if desired.

In certain embodiments, an initiator (thermal initiator or photoinitiator) is used in an amount of at least <NUM> mole-%, at least <NUM> mole-%, or at least <NUM> mole-%, based on total moles of monomers. In certain embodiments, an initiator is used in an amount of up to <NUM> mole-%, <NUM> mole-%, up to <NUM> mole-%, or up to <NUM> mole-%, based on total moles of monomers.

The polymerizable mixture may optionally further contain a chain transfer agent to control the molecular weight of the resultant elastomeric material. Examples of useful chain transfer agents include, but are not limited to, carbon tetrabromide, alcohols, mercaptans such as isooctylthioglycolate, and mixtures thereof. If used, the polymerizable mixture may include up to <NUM> weight of a chain transfer agent, based on a total weight of polymerizable material. For example, the polymerizable mixture can contain <NUM> weight percent (wt-%) to <NUM> wt-%, <NUM> wt-% to <NUM> wt-%, or <NUM> wt-% to <NUM> wt-% chain transfer agent.

Copolymers of the present disclosure can be made using standard techniques including thermal or radiation chain-growth polymerization.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a coating composition is provided that includes the copolymer described herein. Such coating composition is in liquid form, and is preferably a solution. In certain embodiments, the coating composition is preferably an aqueous coating composition, and more preferably an aqueous solution. As used herein, the term "aqueous coating composition" (or simply "aqueous composition") refers to a composition containing water. Such compositions are typically solutions and may employ water as the only solvent or liquid carrier, or they may employ combinations of water and organic solvents such as alcohol and acetone to improve, for example, freeze-thaw stability.

Significantly, such coating compositions (preferably, aqueous coating compositions) are desirable because they include a copolymer that provides both a zwitterionic moiety that provides easy cleaning capability and phosphonic acid, phosphonate, phosphoric acid, and/or phosphate end groups that provides attachment to a metal surface.

In any one composition, a mixture of zwitterionic copolymers could be used if desired.

In certain embodiments, the copolymer is present in an amount of at least <NUM> weight percent (wt-%), at least <NUM> wt-%, at least <NUM>, or at least <NUM> wt-%, based on a total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the copolymer is present in an amount of up to <NUM> wt-%, up to <NUM> wt-%, up to <NUM> wt-%, up to <NUM> wt-%, up to <NUM> wt-%, up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of the composition.

Coating compositions of the present disclosure are preferably applied out of water, an organic solvent, or both using a ready-to-use composition. A concentrated coating composition may need to be diluted, typically with water, to form a ready-to-use coating composition. Thus, coating compositions of the present disclosure can be supplied as both ready-to-use products, concentrates, or as part of a grease management system.

In certain embodiments, the coating composition (preferably, aqueous coating composition) is a ready-to-use composition and the copolymer is present in an amount of <NUM> wt-% to <NUM> wt-%, based on a total weight of the coating composition.

In certain embodiments, the coating composition (preferably, aqueous coating composition) is a concentrated composition and the copolymer is present in an amount of <NUM> wt-% to <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

Compositions of the present disclosure may be provided in a variety of viscosities. Thus, for example, the viscosity may vary from a water-like thinness to a paste-like heaviness. They may also be provided in the form of gels, solids, or powders.

In certain embodiments, coating compositions (preferably, aqueous coating compositions) of the present disclosure may further include one or more optional additives, as long as they do not cause the zwitterionic polymer to precipitate out of solution. Exemplary additives include organic solvents, surfactants, alkalinity sources, water conditioning agents, bleaching agents, dyes, fragrances, corrosion inhibitors, enzymes, thickeners, wetting and leveling agents, adhesion promoters, or combinations thereof. Sodium chloride may also be included in the coating compositions if the copolymer is used in situ, as this may be used to solubilize the monomers.

In certain embodiments, a coating composition as described herein forms a hardened coating on a surface (e.g., a metal surface such as a stainless-steel surface) that demonstrates: at least <NUM>% peanut oil removal according to the Peanut Oil Removal Test as described in the Examples Section; at least partial removal of fingerprints according to the Fingerprint Removal Test as described in the Examples Section; or at least partial removal of vegetable oil according to the Vegetable Oil Removal Test as described in the Examples Section.

In certain embodiments, a coating composition as described herein forms a hardened coating on a surface (e.g., a metal surface such as a stainless-steel surface) that, after being abraded according to the Coating Durability Test, demonstrates at least <NUM>% peanut oil removal according to the Peanut Oil Removal Test.

One or more of the optional additives described herein may also function as cleaning agents (e.g., organic solvents, surfactants, and alkalinity sources). Compositions that include one or more of such cleaning agents (in combination with a copolymer as of the present disclosure) are capable of cleaning a surface (e.g., removing at least <NUM>% vegetable oil from a stainless-steel panel according to the Clean and Protect Testing Procedure described in the Examples Section) without diminishing the protective capability provided by the copolymer.

Certain embodiments of coating compositions, which may be aqueous coating compositions, may include one or more organic solvents. These may be added to assist in solubilizing components and/or to enhance the cleaning capability of a composition.

Representative solvents and solvent systems may include one or more different solvents including acetone, aliphatic or aromatic alcohols, alkanol amines, ether amines, esters, and mixtures thereof. Exemplary solvents may include acetone, acetamidophenol, acetanilide, acetophenone, <NUM>-acetyl-l-methylpyrrole, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, methyl benzyl alcohol, alpha phenyl ethanol, trifluoro ethanol, benzyl benzoate, benzyloxyethanol, ethylene glycol phenyl ether (commercially available as DOWANOL EPh from Dow Chemical Co. , Midland, MI), propylene glycol phenyl ether (commercially available as DOWANOL PPh from Dow Chemical Co. ), amyl acetate, amyl alcohol, butanol, <NUM>-butoxyethyl-<NUM>-propanol, butyl acetate, n-butyl propionate, cyclohexanone, diacetone alcohol, diethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol methyl ether, diisobutyl carbinol, diisobutyl ketone, dimethyl heptanol, dipropylene glycol tert-butyl ether, ethanol, ethyl acetate, <NUM>-ethylhexanol, ethyl propionate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, hexanol, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl heptyl ketone, isophorone, isopropanol, isopropyl acetate, methanol, methyl amyl alcohol, methyl n-amyl ketone, <NUM>-methyl- I -butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, <NUM>-pentanol, n-pentyl propionate, <NUM>-propanol, n-propyl acetate, n-propyl propionate, propylene glycol ethyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether (commercially available as DOWANOL TPM from Dow Chemical Co. ), tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether (commercially available as DOWANOL TPNB from Dow Chemical Co. ), diethylene glycol n-butyl ether acetate (commercially available as Butyl CARBITOL acetate from Dow Chemical Co. ), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (commercially available as Butyl CARBITOL from Dow Chemical Co. ), ethylene glycol n-butyl ether acetate (commercially available as Butyl CELLOSOLVE acetate from Dow Chemical Co. ), ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (commercially available as Butyl CELLOSOLVE from Dow Chemical Co. ), dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether (commercially available as Butyl DIPROPASOLTM from Dow Chemical Co. ), propylene glycol monobutyl ether (commercially available as Butyl PROPASOL from Dow Chemical Co. ), ethyl <NUM>-ethoxypropionate (commercially available as UCAR Ester EEP from Dow Chemical Co. ), <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-Trimethyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-Pentanediol Monoisobutyrate (commercially available as UCAR Filmer IBT from Dow Chemical Co. ), diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (commercially available as Hexyl CARBITOL from Dow Chemical Co. ), ethylene glycol monohexyl ether (commercially available as Hexyl CELLOSOLVE from Dow Chemical Co. ), diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (commercially available as Methyl CARBITOL from Dow Chemical Co. ), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (commercially available as CARBITOL from Dow Chemical Co. ), ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate (commercially available as Methyl CELLOSOLVE acetate from Dow Chemical Co. ), ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (commercially available as Methyl CELLOSOLVE from Dow Chemical Co. ), dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (commercially available as Methyl DIPROPASOL from Dow Chemical Co. ), propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (commercially available as Methyl PROPASOL acetate from Dow Chemical Co. ), propylene glycol monomethyl ether (commercially available as Methyl PROPASOL from Dow Chemical Co. ), diethylene glycol monopropyl ether (commercially available as Propyl CARBITOL from Dow Chemical Co. ), ethylene glycol monopropyl ether (commercially available as Propyl CELLOSOLVE from Dow Chemical Co. ), dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether (commercially available as Propyl DIPROPASOL from Dow Chemical Co. ) and propylene glycol monopropyl ether (commercially available as Propyl PROPASOL from Dow Chemical Co. Representative dialkyl carbonates include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate and dibutyl carbonate. Representative oils include benzaldehyde, pinenes (alphas, betas, etc.), terpineols, terpinenes, carvone, cinnamealdehyde, borneol and its esters, citrals, ionenes, jasmine oil, limonene, dipentene, linalool and its esters. Representative dibasic esters include dimethyl adipate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl malonate, diethyl adipate, diethyl succinate, diethyl glutarate, dibutyl succinate, dibutyl glutarate and products available under the trade designations DBE, DBE-<NUM>, DBE-<NUM>, DBE-<NUM>, DBE-<NUM>, DBE-<NUM>, DBE-IB, and DBE-ME from DuPont Nylon. Representative phthalate esters include dibutyl phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate.

In some embodiments, compositions of the present disclosure include alcohol and/or other organic solvents in an amount of at least <NUM> wt-%, and often at least <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a ready-to-use composition. In some embodiments, compositions of the present disclosure include alcohol and/or other organic solvents in an amount of up to <NUM> wt-%, and often up to <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a ready-to-use composition.

In some embodiments, compositions of the present disclosure include alcohol and/or other organic solvents in an amount of at least <NUM> weight percent (wt-%), and often at least <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a concentrated composition. In some embodiments, compositions of the present disclosure include alcohol and/or other organic solvents in an amount of up to <NUM> wt-%, and often up to <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a concentrated composition.

Compositions of the present disclosure can also include one or more surfactants. Surfactants are particularly desirable for use in cleaning compositions. A variety of surfactants may be used in a composition, such as anionic, nonionic, cationic, and zwitterionic surfactants. Suitable surfactants that may be used are commercially available from a number of sources. For a discussion of suitable surfactants, see <NPL>.

Nonionic surfactants include, for example, those having a polyalkylene oxide polymer as a portion of the surfactant molecule. Such nonionic surfactants include, for example, chlorine-, benzyl-, methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl- and other like alkyl-capped polyethylene glycol ethers of fatty alcohols; polyalkylene oxide free nonionics such as alkyl polyglycosides; sorbitan and sucrose esters and their ethoxylates; alkoxylated ethylene diamine; alcohol alkoxylates such as alcohol ethoxylate propoxylates, alcohol propoxylates, alcohol propoxylate ethoxylate propoxylates, alcohol ethoxylate butoxylates, and the like; nonylphenol ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene glycol ethers and the like; carboxylic acid esters such as glycerol esters, polyoxyethylene esters, ethoxylated and glycol esters of fatty acids, and the like; carboxylic amides such as diethanolamine condensates, monoalkanolamine condensates, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides, and the like; and polyalkylene oxide block copolymers including an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer such as those commercially available under the tradename PLURONIC (BASF-Wyandotte), and the like; and other like nonionic compounds. Silicone surfactants such as those available under the tradename ABIL B8852 can also be used.

Preferred surfactants are any of a broad variety of nonionic ethylene oxide (EO) containing surfactants. Many nonionic ethylene oxide derivative surfactants are water soluble and have cloud points below the intended use temperature of the compositions of the present disclosure. In addition, where the composition is preferred to be biodegradable, the defoamers are also selected to be biodegradable.

Some examples of ethylene oxide derivative surfactants that may be used in compositions of the present disclosure include polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers, alcohol alkoxylates, low molecular weight EO containing surfactants, or the like, or derivatives thereof. Some examples of polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers include those having the following formulae:.

(EO)x(PO)y(EO)x (PO)y(EO)x(PO)y (PO)y(EO)x(PO)y(EO)x(PO)y.

<CHM>
wherein EO represents an ethylene oxide group, PO represents a propylene oxide group, and x and y reflect the average molecular proportion of each alkylene oxide monomer in the overall block copolymer composition. In some embodiments, x is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>, y is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>, and x plus y is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>. It should be understood that each x and y in a molecule may be different. In some embodiments, the total polyoxyethylene component of the block copolymer may be at least <NUM> mole percent (mol-%) of the block copolymer and in some embodiments, at least <NUM> mol-% of the block copolymer. In some embodiments, the material may have a molecular weight greater than <NUM>, and in some embodiments, greater than <NUM>. For example, in some embodiments, the material may have a molecular weight (e.g., weight average molecular weight) in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> Daltons or more, or in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> Daltons or more, or in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> Daltons or more, or in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> Daltons or more.

Although the exemplary polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer structures provided herein have <NUM>-<NUM> blocks, it should be appreciated that the nonionic block copolymer surfactants can include more or less than <NUM> or <NUM> blocks. In addition, the nonionic block copolymer surfactants can include additional repeating units such as butylene oxide repeating units. Furthermore, the nonionic block copolymer surfactants that may be used according to the present disclosure may be characterized as heteropolyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers. Some examples of suitable block copolymer surfactants include commercial products such as those surfactants available under the tradenames PLURONIC and TETRONIC from BASF. For example, PLURONIC <NUM>-R4 is one example of a useful block copolymer surfactant commercially available from BASF, that is biodegradable and GRAS (generally recognized as safe).

Suitable anionic surfactants include, for example, carboxylates such as alkylcarboxylates (carboxylic acid salts) and polyalkoxycarboxylates, alcohol ethoxylate carboxylates, nonylphenol ethoxylate carboxylates, and the like; sulfonates such as alkylsulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, sulfonated fatty acid esters, and the like; sulfates such as sulfated alcohols, sulfated alcohol ethoxylates, sulfated alkylphenols, alkylsulfates, sulfosuccinates, alkylether sulfates, and the like; and phosphate esters such as alkylphosphate esters, and the like. Exemplary anionic surfactants include sodium alkylarylsulfonate, alpha-olefinsulfonate, and fatty alcohol sulfates.

Suitable cationic surfactants include, for example, amines such as primary, secondary and tertiary monoamines with C18 alkyl or alkenyl chains, ethoxylated alkylamines, alkoxylates of ethylenediamine, imidazoles such as a <NUM>-(<NUM>-hydroxyethyl)-<NUM>-imidazoline, a <NUM>-alkyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-hydroxyethyl)-<NUM>-imidazoline, and the like; and quaternary ammonium salts, as for example, alkylquaternary ammonium chloride surfactants such as n-alkyl(C12-C18)dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, n-tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride monohydrate, a naphthylene-substituted quaternary ammonium chloride such as dimethyl-<NUM>-naphthylmethylammonium chloride, and the like. The cationic surfactant may be used to provide sanitizing properties. Suitable zwitterionic surfactants include, for example, betaines, imidazolines, and propionates.

In some embodiments, compositions of the present disclosure include a surfactant in an amount of at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt- %, or at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a ready-to-use composition. In some embodiments, compositions of the present disclosure, include a surfactant in an amount of up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt- %, or up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt- %, based on the total weight of a ready-to-use composition.

In some embodiments, compositions of the present disclosure include a surfactant in an amount of at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt- %, or at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a concentrated composition. In some embodiments, compositions of the present disclosure, include a surfactant in an amount of up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt- %, or up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a concentrated composition.

Certain embodiments of compositions of the present disclosure may include one or more alkalinity (i.e., alkaline) sources.

Examples of suitable alkaline sources for use in the compositions according to the present disclosure include amines and alkanol amines. For example, the source of alkalinity can include <NUM>-(<NUM>-aminoethoxy) ethanol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, mixed isopropanolamines, morpholine, N,N-dimethyl ethanolamine, and combinations thereof.

When a composition of the present disclosure includes an alkalinity source, it may be included in an amount of at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a ready-to-use composition. When a composition of the present disclosure includes an alkalinity source, it may be included in an amount of up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a ready-to-use composition.

When a composition of the present disclosure includes an alkalinity source, it may be included in an amount of at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a concentrated composition. When a composition of the present disclosure includes an alkalinity source, it may be included in an amount of up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a concentrated composition.

Certain embodiments of compositions of the present disclosure may include one or more water conditioning agents. Water conditioning agents aid in removing metal compounds and in reducing harmful effects of hardness components in service water. Exemplary water conditioning agents include chelating agents, sequestering agents, and inhibitors. Polyvalent metal cations or compounds such as a calcium, a magnesium, an iron, a manganese, a molybdenum, etc., cation or compound, or mixtures thereof, can be present in service water and in complex soils. Such compounds or cations can interfere with the effectiveness of a washing or rinsing compositions during a cleaning application. A water conditioning agent can effectively complex and remove such compounds or cations from soiled surfaces and can reduce or eliminate the inappropriate interaction with active ingredients including the nonionic surfactants and anionic surfactants of the present disclosure.

Organic water conditioning agents are common and can be used. Organic water conditioning agents include both polymeric and small molecule water conditioning agents. Organic small molecule water conditioning agents are typically organocarboxylate compounds or organophosphate water conditioning agents. Polymeric inhibitors commonly comprise polyanionic compositions such as polyacrylic acid compounds. Small molecule organic water conditioning agents include, but are not limited to, sodium gluconate, sodium glucoheptonate, N-hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), ethylenediaminetetraproprionic acid, triethylenetetraaminehexaacetic acid (TTHA), and the respective alkali metal, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts thereof, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt (NTA), ethanoldiglycine disodium salt (EDG), diethanolglycine sodium-salt (DEG), and <NUM>,<NUM>-propylenediaminetetraacetic acid (PDTA), dicarboxymethyl glutamic acid tetrasodium salt (GLDA), methylglycine-N-N-diacetic acid trisodium salt (MGDA), and iminodisuccinate sodium salt (IDS). Suitable water conditioning agents are commercially available.

When a composition of the present disclosure includes a water conditioning agent, it may be included in an amount of at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a ready-to-use composition. When a composition of the present disclosure includes a water conditioning agent, it may be included in an amount of up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a ready-to-use composition.

When a composition of the present disclosure includes a water conditioning agent, it may be included in an amount of at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a concentrated composition. When a composition of the present disclosure includes a water conditioning agent, it may be included in an amount of up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a concentrated composition.

Certain embodiments of compositions of the present disclosure may include one or more bleaching agents. Bleaching agents may be included for lightening or whitening a substrate.

Examples of suitable bleaching agents include bleaching compounds capable of liberating an active halogen species (such as Cl<NUM>, Br<NUM>, OCl-, and/or OBr-) under conditions typically encountered during the cleansing process. Suitable bleaching agents for use in the present compositions include, for example, chlorine-containing compounds such as a chlorine, a hypochlorite, and chloramine. Exemplary halogen-releasing compounds include the alkali metal dichloroisocyanurates, chlorinated trisodium phosphate, the alkali metal hypochlorites, monochloramine and dichloramine, and the like. Encapsulated chlorine sources may also be used to enhance the stability of the chlorine source in the composition (see, for example, <CIT>)). A bleaching agent may also be a peroxygen or active oxygen source such as hydrogen peroxide, perborates, sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate, phosphate peroxyhydrates, potassium permonosulfate, and sodium perborate mono and tetrahydrate, with and without activators such as tetraacetylethylene diamine, and the like.

When a composition of the present disclosure includes a bleaching agent, it may be included in an amount of at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a ready-to-use composition. When a composition of the present disclosure includes a bleaching agent, it may be included in an amount of up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a ready-to-use composition.

When a composition of the present disclosure includes a bleaching agent, it may be included in an amount of at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, or at least <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a concentrated composition. When a composition of the present disclosure includes a bleaching agent, it may be included in an amount of up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, or up to <NUM> wt-%, based on the total weight of a concentrated composition.

Certain embodiments of compositions of the present disclosure may include one or more other additives. Suitable additives according to the present disclosure may include, for example, dyes (product safety/identification), fragrances, corrosion inhibitors, enzymes, wetting and leveling agents, adhesion promoters, and/or thickeners. Suitable thickeners may include, for example, gums (e.g., xanthan, carrageenan, etc.) and polymers (e.g., polyacrylates and similar modified polymers).

Various additional additives suitable for use according to the present disclosure are disclosed in <CIT>) and <CIT>), and <CIT>), <CIT>), and <CIT>).

In another aspect of the disclosure, an article is provided that includes a substrate and a coating adjacent to the substrate, wherein the coating includes a copolymer as described herein.

In certain embodiments, the substrate has a surface including a metal and the coating is a hardened coating thereon. Herein, a "metal surface" refers to a surface that includes elemental metals or alloys of metals. The term also includes surface oxides of such elemental metal or alloy. This term does not include bulk oxides, such as alumina, silica, etc..

In certain embodiments, the metal surface includes stainless steel, aluminum, anodized aluminum, titanium, zinc, silver, a surface oxide thereof, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the metal surface includes stainless steel.

In certain embodiments, the metal surface forms at least a portion of an article including those in a home or commercial kitchen (e.g., refrigerator, dishwasher, stove, oven, microwave, exhaust hoods, fryers, grease traps, food-preparation tables, cabinets), in a restroom (e.g., toilet stall partitions, urinal partitions). Examples of such articles also include decorative or functional wall cladding such as in/on an elevator or escalator, walls in airports, hospitals, subway stations, train stations, malls, or in other commercial buildings. Examples of such articles also include decorative or functional panels in an automobile (e.g., decorative metallic parts in a car interior). Examples of such articles include consumer electronics, such as metal cases for electronic article (e.g., phones, tablets, and computers). Examples of such articles also include manufacturing equipment, and tools.

In certain embodiments, a hardened coating is less than <NUM> microns, less than <NUM> micron, or less than <NUM> nanometers (nm) thick. Typically, the thickness of the coating is self-limiting, such that it is only a monolayer thick, particularly if the coating is attached to the surface and the excess is removed. In certain embodiments, the hardened coating is at least <NUM> thick.

In certain embodiments, the substrate is flexible, such as a fibrous substrate. In certain embodiments, the fibrous substrate includes a polymeric material (i.e., polymeric fibers). In certain embodiments, the polymeric fibers include cellulose fibers, rayon fibers, cotton fibers, polyamide fibers, polyacrylic acid fibers, polyurethane fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyethylene fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the polymeric fibers include cellulose fibers, and the substrate is paper.

Such articles that include a flexible substrate preferably have a coating composition (which is in a liquid state) thereon. In certain embodiments, the substrate includes a fibrous material, which, for example, forms a wipe. In such embodiment, the coating adjacent the substrate may be a liquid coating composition (e.g., aqueous coating composition) impregnated within the fibrous substrate.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of coating a surface (e.g., metallic surface as described herein), the method includes: providing a coating composition (a liquid coating composition, such as an aqueous coating composition) described herein; applying the coating composition to the surface; and allowing the coating composition to dry on the surface to form a hardened coating that includes the copolymer described herein.

A coating composition of the present disclosure may be applied to a substrate having a surface that includes a metal (i.e., a metallic surface) using a variety of techniques, including, for example, spraying, brushing, rolling, dipping, knife coating, die-coating, or combinations thereof. For cleaning a surface, contaminants may be removed by one of these methods, or additional wiping or scrubbing may be needed. The composition may be dried to form a hardened coating by simply letting the water and/or organic solvent evaporate, or by the application of heat, radiation, or a combination thereof.

In certain embodiments of a method of coating, providing a coating composition includes providing a wipe comprising a fibrous substrate having the coating composition impregnated therein; and applying the coating composition to the surface comprises wiping the coating composition on the surface.

In certain embodiments, the method of coating is a method of protecting a surface. That is, if there is a hardened coating of the copolymer on a surface (e.g., a metallic surface), the surface is protected such that it can be cleaned easily with water to remove oil and dirt.

Easy cleaning properties (i.e., protection) of surfaces having a copolymer of the present disclosure thereon is demonstrated by the Peanut Oil Removal Test, the Fingerprint Removal Test, or the Vegetable Oil Removal Test, all of which are described in the Examples Section.

For example, preferably a hardened coating on a surface (e.g., a metal surface such as a stainless-steel surface) formed from a coating composition including a copolymer of the present disclosure demonstrates at least <NUM>% peanut oil removal according to the Peanut Oil Removal Test described in the Examples Section.

As another example of easy-clean performance (i.e., protection) of a surface coated with a copolymer of the present disclosure, a hardened coating on a surface (e.g., a metal surface such as a stainless-steel surface) formed from a coating composition including a copolymer of the present disclosure demonstrates at least partial removal of fingerprints according to the Fingerprint Removal Test described in the Examples Section.

As another example of easy-clean performance (i.e., protection) of a surface coated with a copolymer of the present disclosure, a hardened coating on a surface (e.g., a metal surface such as a stainless-steel surface) formed from a coating composition including a copolymer of the present disclosure demonstrates at least partial removal of vegetable oil according to the Vegetable Oil Removal Test described in the Examples Section.

In certain embodiments, such easy-clean performance also occurs using coating compositions that include one or more copolymers as described herein and one or more cleaning agents (e.g., surfactants, organic solvents, and alkalinity agents).

Significantly, although the copolymers described herein do not have cleaning capabilities themselves, they do not interfere with the cleaning performance of conventional cleaning agents (e.g., surfactants, organic solvents, and alkalinity agents). Furthermore, the cleaning agents do not interfere with the protective properties of the copolymers.

For example, a coating composition that includes a copolymer as described herein and a cleaning agent removes at least <NUM>% vegetable oil from a surface (e.g., a metal surface such as a stainless-steel surface) according to the Clean and Protect Testing Procedure described in the Examples Section. And, a hardened coating on a surface (e.g., a metal surface such as a stainless-steel surface) formed from such coating composition demonstrates at least partial removal of fingerprints according to the Fingerprint Removal Test as described in the Examples Section, at least partial removal of vegetable oil according to the Vegetable Oil Removal Test as described in the Examples Section, or both.

Thus, in certain embodiments, the method of coating is a method of cleaning and protecting a surface, wherein providing a coating composition includes providing a coating composition including a copolymer as described herein and a cleaning agent, and applying the coating composition includes applying the coating composition to the surface under conditions effective to remove contaminants from the surface. In certain embodiments, the coating composition that includes the copolymer and a cleaning agent removes at least <NUM>% vegetable oil from a surface (e.g., a metal surface such as a stainless-steel surface) according to the Clean and Protect Testing Procedure described in the Examples Section.

If wiped on an oily surface, the copolymer would generally replace the oil. The copolymer remaining on the surface protects the surface such that it is protected and can be subsequently cleaned easily. Thus, in certain embodiments, a hardened coating on a surface (e.g., a metal surface such as a stainless-steel surface) formed from the coating composition that includes the copolymer and a cleaning agent demonstrates at least partial removal of fingerprints according to the Fingerprint Removal Test, at least partial removal of vegetable oil according to the Vegetable Oil Removal Test, or both.

Objects and advantages of this disclosure are further illustrated by the following examples, but the particular materials and amounts thereof recited in these examples, as well as other conditions and details, should not be construed to unduly limit this disclosure.

Unless otherwise noted, all parts, percentages, ratios, etc. in the examples and the rest of the specification are by weight, and all reagents used in the examples were obtained, or are available, from general chemical suppliers such as, for example, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, or may be synthesized by conventional methods. The following abbreviations may be used in this section: mL=milliliter, L=liter, sec=seconds, min=minutes, h=hours, in=inches, cm=centimeters, g=gram, mg=milligram, gsm=grams per square meter, rpm=revolutions per minute, Da=Daltons, mol=mole, mmol=millimole, °C=degrees Celsius, °F=degrees Fahrenheit.

Hydroxyethylphosphonate dimethyl ester (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) was added to a <NUM>-mL round bottom flask. Methylene chloride (<NUM>) was added to the flask and the resulting mixture was stirred. TEA (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) and DMAP (catalytic amount) were added and the mixture was stirred until the solids dissolved. The flask was then placed in an ice-water bath and stirred for <NUM> under a nitrogen flow. Acryloyl chloride (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) was added dropwise by syringe with the flask continuously maintained in the ice-water bath and under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was stirred overnight. The next day, the reaction mixture was diluted with <NUM> of methylene chloride, quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate and the two phases were separated. The aqueous portion was extracted with two more portions of methylene chloride. The organic phases were combined and washed twice with a <NUM>% aqueous solution of monosodium phosphate, followed by washing with water and finally brine. The organic portion was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the desired product as an amber oil. <NUM>H-NMR (CDCl<NUM>, <NUM>) δ <NUM> (dt, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (dt, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, <NUM>).

[<NUM>-(Acryloyloxy)ethyl]phosphonate dimethyl ester (monomer Example A, <NUM> <NUM> mol) was added to a <NUM>-mL round bottom flask. Anhydrous methylene chloride (<NUM>) was added to the flask to dissolve the monomer and the mixture was stirred under nitrogen. The flask was then placed in an ice-water bath and stirred for <NUM>. TMSBr (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) was added dropwise by syringe over a <NUM> period with the flask continuously maintained in the ice-water bath and under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was stirred for <NUM>. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting syrup was treated with <NUM> of methanol and stirred at room temperature for <NUM>. Ther solution was then concentrated under reduced pressure to give the desired product as an amber oil. <NUM>H-NMR (CDCl<NUM>, <NUM>) δ <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>).

<NUM>-Aminopropylphosphonic acid (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) was added to a <NUM> round bottom flask. An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (<NUM> N, <NUM>) was added to the flask and the resulting mixture was stirred until the solids dissolved. The flask was then placed in an ice-water bath and stirred for <NUM>. VDM (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) was added dropwise via syringe and the reaction was stirred for <NUM> with the flask continuously maintained in the ice-water bath. The cooling bath was then removed, and the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature over a period of <NUM>. A small amount of precipitate was removed by filtration. The pH of the filtrate was adjusted to about <NUM> by the addition of a few drops of a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution. <NUM>H-NMR of an aliquot confirmed the formation of <NUM>-[[<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-(prop-<NUM>-enoylamino)propanoyl]amino]propylphosphonic acid. <NUM>H-NMR (D<NUM>O, <NUM>) δ <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>).

<NUM>-Aminopropylphosphonic acid (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) was added to a <NUM>-mL round bottom flask. An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (<NUM> N, <NUM>) was added to the flask and the resulting mixture was stirred until the solids dissolved. The flask was then placed in an ice-water bath and stirred for <NUM>. IEM (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) was added dropwise via syringe and the reaction was stirred for <NUM> with the flask continuously maintained in the ice-water bath. The cooling bath was then removed, and the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature over a period of <NUM>. A small amount of precipitate was removed by filtration. The pH of the filtrate was adjusted to about <NUM> by the addition of a few drops of a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution. <NUM>H-NMR of an aliquot of the filtrate confirmed the formation of <NUM>-[<NUM>-(<NUM>-methylprop-<NUM>-enoyloxy)ethylcarbamoylamino]propylphosphonic acid. <NUM>H-NMR (D<NUM>O, <NUM>) δ <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, <NUM>), <NUM> (s <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>).

Hydroxyethylphosphonate dimethyl ester (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) was added to a <NUM>-mL round bottom flask together with <NUM> of methylene chloride. The flask was then placed in an ice-water bath and stirred for <NUM> under nitrogen. DBU (<NUM>) and VDM (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) were added dropwise via syringe and the reaction was stirred overnight under nitrogen. The next day, the reaction mixture was diluted with <NUM> of methylene chloride and washed twice with a <NUM>% solution of monosodium phosphate, followed by washing with brine. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the desired product as an amber oil. <NUM>H-NMR (MeOD, <NUM>) δ <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>).

<NUM>-Dimethoxyphosphorylethyl <NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-(prop-<NUM>-enoylamino)propanoate (monomer Example E, <NUM>, <NUM> mol) was added to a <NUM>-mL round bottom flask. Anhydrous methylene chloride (<NUM>) was added to the flask to dissolve the monomer and the mixture was stirred under nitrogen. The flask was then placed in an ice-water bath and stirred for <NUM>. TMSBr (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) was added dropwise via syringe over a <NUM> period with the flask continuously maintained in the ice-water bath and under nitrogen. The reaction was stirred for <NUM>. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting syrup was treated with <NUM> of methanol and stirred at room temperature for <NUM>. <NUM>H-NMR of an aliquot confirmed the formation of <NUM>-[[<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-(prop-<NUM>-enoylamino)propanoyl]oxyethylphosphonic acid. <NUM>H-NMR (CD<NUM>OD, <NUM>) δ <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>).

N-[<NUM>-(Dimethylamino)propyl]acrylamide (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) was added to a <NUM>-mL round bottom flask. Acetonitrile (<NUM>) was added to the flask under nitrogen flow and the resulting mixture was stirred until a homogeneous solution was formed. Ethyl bromoacetate (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) was added to the reaction mixture slowly via syringe while stirring. The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a white solid. The solid was stirred in dry acetone and isolated by filtration to give <NUM> of the desired product as a white powder. <NUM>H-NMR (D<NUM>O, <NUM>) δ <NUM> (t, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>).

(<NUM>-Ethoxy-<NUM>-oxo-ethyl)-dimethyl-[<NUM>-(prop-<NUM>-enoylamino)propyl]ammonium, bromide (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) was dissolved in an aqueous solution of NaOH (<NUM>, <NUM>). The reaction mixture was stirred for <NUM>. The reaction mixture was then neutralized by addition of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (<NUM>, <NUM>). <NUM>H-NMR of an aliquot of the solution confirmed the formation of <NUM>-[dimethyl-[<NUM>-(prop-<NUM>-enoylamino)propyl]ammonio]acetate. <NUM>H-NMR (D<NUM>O, <NUM>) δ <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>).

Copolymer theoretical (i.e., estimated) molecular weight was calculated based on the ratio of the mass of the consumed monomers and the moles of initiator. Extent of polymerization was measured by <NUM>H-NMR analysis. All examples showed <NUM>-<NUM>% consumption of (meth)acrylate monomers.

A polymerization solution was prepared by mixing a solution of [<NUM>-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]phosphonic acid (monomer Example B) (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) in TFE (<NUM>) with [<NUM>-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-dimethyl-(<NUM>-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (<NUM>, <NUM> mol), and the initiator methyl <NUM>,<NUM>-bis (isopropoxycarbothioylsulfanyl)acetate (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) in a <NUM>-mL clear glass vial. The reaction mixture was purged with a stream of nitrogen for <NUM>. The vial was then closed with a screw cap and placed on a bottle roller (ThermoFisher, <NUM>) set at <NUM> rpm speed. Ultraviolet (UV)-initiated polymerization was conducted by irradiating the vial using a UV Benchtop lamp (UVP Blak Ray XX-<NUM>, from Analytik Jena) equipped with <NUM> bulbs (<NUM>, <NUM> W) and placed at <NUM> inches of distance from the vial. The polymerization reaction was exposed to UV radition for <NUM>. <NUM>H-NMR of an aliquot showed a monomer conversion of ≥ <NUM>%. The estimated molecular weight of the copolymer was approximately <NUM>,<NUM> Da. Analysis of solid content via Ohaus MB35 Halogen Moisture Analyzer (Ohaus Corporation, Parsippany, NJ) showed a solid content of <NUM>%.

A polymerization solution was prepared in a <NUM>-mL round bottom flask by mixing a solution of <NUM>-[[<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-(prop-<NUM>-enoylamino)propanoyl]amino]propylphosphonic acid (<NUM> of the solution obtained in the preparation of monomer Example C) with [<NUM>-(methacryloylamino)propyl]dimethyl(<NUM>-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) and the initiator <NUM>,<NUM>'-azobis(<NUM>-cyanovaleric acid) (ACPA) (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (<NUM>, <NUM>), which was used to enhance solubility of the monomers. The flask was connected to a condenser and the reaction mixture was purged with a stream of nitrogen for <NUM>. The flask was then placed in an oil bath heated at <NUM> and kept at that temperature while stirring overnight under nitrogen. <NUM>H-NMR of an aliquot showed a monomer conversion of about <NUM>%. The estimated molecular weight of the copolymer was approximately <NUM>,<NUM> Da.

A polymerization solution was prepared in a <NUM>-mL round bottom flask by mixing <NUM>-[[<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-(prop-<NUM>-enoylamino)propanoyl]amino]propylphosphonic acid (<NUM> of the solution obtained in the preparation of monomer Example C) with [<NUM>-(methacryloylamino)propyl]dimethyl(<NUM>-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) and the initiator <NUM>,<NUM>'-azobis(<NUM>-cyanovaleric acid) (ACPA) (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (<NUM>, <NUM>). The procedure described in Example <NUM> was followed to provide the final polymer. <NUM>H-NMR of an aliquot showed a monomer conversion of about <NUM>%. The estimated molecular weight of the copolymer was approximately <NUM>,<NUM> Da.

A polymerization solution was prepared in a <NUM>-mL round bottom flask by mixing <NUM>-[[<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-(prop-<NUM>-enoylamino)propanoyl]amino]propylphosphonic acid (<NUM> of the solution obtained in the preparation of monomer Example C) with [<NUM>-(methacryloylamino)propyl]dimethyl(<NUM>-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) and the initiator <NUM>,<NUM>'-azobis(<NUM>-cyanovaleric acid) (ACPA) (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (<NUM>, <NUM>). The procedure described in Example <NUM> was followed to provide the final polymer. <NUM>H-NMR of an aliquot showed a monomer conversion of about <NUM>%. The estimated molecular weight of the copolymer was approximately <NUM>,<NUM> Da.

A polymerization solution was prepared in a <NUM>-mL round bottom flask by mixing <NUM>-[<NUM>-(<NUM>-methylprop-<NUM>-enoyloxy)ethylcarbamoylamino]propylphosphonic acid (<NUM> of the solution obtained in the preparation of monomer Example D) with [<NUM>-(methacryloylamino)propyl]dimethyl(<NUM>-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) and the initiator <NUM>,<NUM>'-azobis(<NUM>-cyanovaleric acid) (ACPA) (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (<NUM>, <NUM>). The procedure described in Example <NUM> was followed to provide the final polymer. <NUM>H-NMR of an aliquot showed a monomer conversion of about <NUM>%. The estimated molecular weight of the copolymer was approximately <NUM>,<NUM> Da.

A polymerization solution was prepared in a <NUM>-mL round bottom flask by mixing <NUM>-[<NUM>-(<NUM>-methylprop-<NUM>-enoyloxy)ethylcarbamoylamino]propylphosphonic acid (<NUM> of the solution obtained in the preparation of monomer Example D) with <NUM>-[dimethyl-[<NUM>-(prop-<NUM>-enoylamino)propyl]ammonio]acetate (monomer Example H) (<NUM> of a <NUM> solution in water) and the initiator <NUM>,<NUM>'-azobis(<NUM>-cyanovaleric acid) (ACPA) (<NUM>, <NUM> mol). The procedure described in Example <NUM> was followed to provide the final polymer. <NUM>H-NMR of an aliquot showed a monomer conversion of about <NUM>%. The estimated molecular weight of the copolymer was approximately <NUM>,<NUM> Da.

A polymerization solution was prepared in a <NUM>-mL round bottom flask by mixing <NUM>-[<NUM>-(<NUM>-methylprop-<NUM>-enoyloxy)ethylcarbamoylamino]propylphosphonic acid (<NUM> of the solution obtained in the preparation of monomer Example D) with <NUM>-[dimethyl-[<NUM>-(prop-<NUM>-enoylamino)propyl]ammonio]acetate (monomer Example H) (<NUM> of a <NUM> solution in water) and the initiator <NUM>,<NUM>'-azobis(<NUM>-cyanovaleric acid) (ACPA) (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (<NUM>, <NUM>). The procedure described in Example <NUM> was followed to provide the final polymer. <NUM>H-NMR of an aliquot showed a monomer conversion of about <NUM>%. The estimated molecular weight of the copolymer was approximately <NUM>,<NUM> Da.

A polymerization solution was prepared in a <NUM>-mL round bottom flask by mixing <NUM>-[[<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-(prop-<NUM>-enoylamino)propanoyl]oxyethylphosphonic acid (<NUM> of the solution obtained in the preparation of monomer Example F) in TFE (<NUM>) with [<NUM>-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-dimethyl-(<NUM>-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (<NUM>, <NUM> mol), and the initiator IRGACURE <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) in a <NUM> clear glass vial. The procedure described in Example <NUM> was followed to provide the final polymer. <NUM>H-NMR of an aliquot showed a monomer conversion of about <NUM>%. The estimated molecular weight of the copolymer was approximately <NUM>,<NUM> Da.

A <NUM> wt-% coating solution was prepared by diluting the <NUM> of the copolymer solution prepared in Example <NUM> with <NUM> of deionized water in a polyethylene bottle.

A <NUM> wt-% coating solution was prepared by diluting <NUM> of the copolymer solution prepared in Example <NUM> with <NUM> of deionized water in a polyethylene bottle.

A stainless-steel test panel (<NUM> x <NUM>) was soaked overnight in a solution of <NUM>% potassium hydroxide in a <NUM>:<NUM> by volume isopropyl alcohol/water. Then the panel was removed and cleaned using Ajax Powder Detergent, available from Colgate Palmolive Company, New York, NY. The panel was scrubbed by hand with the Ajax Powder Detergent mixed with deionized water using a Polynit wipe PN-<NUM>, <NUM>% PET (Contec, Spartanburg, SC). The panel was rinsed with deionized water to remove any residue and air dried before testing. The panel was coated within <NUM> of the cleaning procedure.

A coating composition of Example <NUM> was applied on the surface using an imbibed polyester knit wipe (PN-<NUM> Polynit wipe from Contec) and let dry at room temperature overnight. The next day, excess coating was removed by wiping the surface with a water-moistened wipe (PN-<NUM> Polynit wipe from Contec).

The same procedure as reported for Example <NUM> was followed using coating solution of Example <NUM>.

The same procedure as reported for Example <NUM> was followed using coating solution of Example <NUM> except the coating was applied on the cleaned panel using an imbibed Spuntech <NUM> gsm SQ VIS <NUM>% PET <NUM>% wipe.

The same procedure as reported for Example <NUM> was followed using coating solution of Example <NUM> except the coating was applied on an aluminum panel (Anodized Aluminum <NUM>) cleaned using the same procedure described on Example <NUM> with the exception that panel was not soaked overnight in a solution of <NUM>% potassium hydroxide in a <NUM>:<NUM> by volume isopropyl alcohol/water.

The procedure for preparing the stainless-steel panel described in Example <NUM> was followed with the exception that no coating solution was applied.

An aluminum panel (Anodized Aluminum <NUM>) was cleaned using the same procedure in Example <NUM> and no coating solution was applied afterward.

The coated panels of Examples <NUM>-<NUM> and Comparative Examples A and B were soiled with <NUM> of Planters <NUM>% peanut oil (Kraft Heinz Company, Chicago, IL) spread across the bottom portion of the panel using a <NUM>-inch (<NUM>-cm) wide polyurethane foam applicator. The panels were then immersed in deionized water to allow removal of peanut oil layer. After <NUM> seconds, pictures of the immersed panels were taken using a camera on an iPhone5 to record the amount of oil remaining on the surface of the panel. Images collected were analyzed by ImageJ software (NIH, https://imagej. The area of the panel soiled with oil before immersing the panel in water was measured and reported in Table <NUM> as "Initial Oil Coverage" (areas in pixels). The area of the panel soiled with oil after immersing the panel in water for <NUM>-seconds was measured and reported in Table <NUM> as "Final Oil Coverage. " The percent of peanut oil removal was determined by comparison of the initial and final soiled areas according to Equation <NUM>.

The same coated panels of Examples <NUM>-<NUM> and Comparative Examples A and B were then wiped clean with a water-imbibed polyester knit wipe (PN-<NUM> Polynit wipe from Contec). The panels were then rinsed with isopropanol and allowed to air dry. The panels were then abraded using the mechanical wiping device described in <CIT>, step <NUM> of Example <NUM> with the exception that the device was operated at a linear mode instead of an orbital mode). A water moistened nylon <NUM>,<NUM>-PA wipe (PBNII <NUM> by Cerex Advanced Fabrics, Cantonment, FL) was mounted on the lever arm of the device and the panels were mounted on the platform of the device. The lever arm was then lowered onto the mounted panel. The lever arm had a mass of about <NUM>. The mechanical wiping device was then switched on and the panels were abraded for <NUM> sec at a speed of <NUM> passes per minute (a pass being defined as a complete back- and-forth cycle of the arm over the panel). The panels were then soiled again with peanut oil and tested following the Peanut Oil Removal Test procedure.

Coated panel of Example <NUM> was wiped and abraded according the Coating Durability Test method and resubjected to the Peanut Oil Removal Test.

Coated panel of Comparative Example A was wiped and abraded according the Coating Durability Test method and resubjected to the Peanut Oil Removal Test.

Coated panel of Comparative Example B was wiped and abraded according the Coating Durability Test method and resubjected to the Peanut Oil Removal Test.

Combined results for before and after abrasion oil removal test are summarized in Table <NUM>.

A solution of <NUM> wt-% Example <NUM>, and <NUM> wt-% of a mixture of cleaning agents (monethanolamine (alkalinity source):BIOSOFT S101 (anionic surfactant): Benzyl Alcohol (organic solvent):TOMADOL <NUM>-<NUM> (nonionic surfactant) in equal ratios) were combined with deionized water.

A solution of <NUM> wt-% of monethanolamine:BIOSOFT S101:Benzyl Alcohol:TOMADOL <NUM>-<NUM> (in equal ratios) was combined with deionized water.

An <NUM> gauge <NUM> in x <NUM> in (<NUM> x <NUM>) stainless-steel panel was thoroughly cleaned with soap and water using a Scotchbrite <NUM> (green) scouring pad. The panel was placed in a Heavy Duty Wear tester (made for <NUM> by General Electric, and similar to the BYK Gardner test machine disclosed at www. com/pages/abrasion/washability. A <NUM> in x <NUM> in (<NUM> x <NUM>) SCOTCHBRITE <NUM> Pad was attached to the Heavy Duty Wear tester using hook and loop secured to the conditioning head of the machine. The head provided <NUM> of downforce on the panel. Deionized water (<NUM>-<NUM>) was applied to the surface of the panel with a small amount of Ajax cleaning powder. The head with pad attached was lowered and leveled. The device was set to run <NUM> cycles and started. Additional <NUM>-<NUM> of water was added after <NUM> cycles to keep the panel wetted evenly. After the <NUM> cycles were completed, the panel was removed and washed with deionized water and dried. Each panel was further wiped clean with IPA using KIMTECH Kimwipe. One mL of vegetable oil (Wesson) was applied at the bottom of each cleaned panel and spread evenly using a #<NUM> Mayer rod. Soiled panels were placed in oven at <NUM>°F (<NUM>) for <NUM>. Panels were cooled to room temperature before proceeding.

Soiled panels were placed with the soiled surface facing up in the Heavy Duty Wear tester holder with the head attached, supplying <NUM> of downforce. A <NUM> in x <NUM> in (<NUM> x <NUM>) Spuntech <NUM> gsm SQ VIS <NUM>% PET <NUM>% wipe was imbibed with <NUM> of a coating solution (either from Example <NUM> or Example <NUM> or Example <NUM>) and attached to the head via hook and loop fasteners. The head was lowered and leveled on the test panel. The machine was run for <NUM> cycles. The wipe was replaced with a new one, freshly wetted with <NUM> of the same coating solution and an additional <NUM> cycles were run. At this point the percent soil removed from the surface was measured using a <NUM> in x <NUM> in (<NUM> x <NUM>) transparent piece of PET film laminated with a grid divided equally into <NUM> squares. If soil was completely removed from a square it was counted as clean. If some squares were partially soiled they were combined to give an additive value to the % clean evaluation. Results are reported as "Initial Soiling Removal %" in Table <NUM>.

Panel treated according to the Clean and Protect Testing Procedure using solution from Example <NUM>.

The results shown in Table <NUM> demonstrate that the copolymer alone is not effective as a cleaner for soiled surface (Example <NUM>), compared to a mixture of only cleaning agents (Example <NUM>), but the copolymer does not inhibit the cleaning performance of added cleaning agents (Example <NUM>).

After the % soil removed was measured on the panel of Example <NUM>, the wipe on the Heavy Duty Wear tester was replaced with <NUM> in x <NUM> in (<NUM> x <NUM>) SCOTCHBRITE <NUM> pad. Additional test solution was applied to the surface of the panel and the pad was lowered and leveled onto the panel. An additional <NUM> cycles were run. The panel was then removed from the holder and placed on the bench to dry overnight.

The panel was then subjected to the "Fingerprint Removal Test" and to the "Vegetable Oil Removal Test" described below to determine if a protective benefit had been imparted to the surface. Before any testing, the panel was rubbed with a KIMTECH Kimwipe and <NUM> of deionized water <NUM> cycles.

The same procedure as reported for Example <NUM> was followed using the panel of Example <NUM>.

Using facial oil, the previously soiled and cleaned stainless-steel panels of Examples <NUM> and <NUM> had a fingerprint applied with approximately (~) <NUM> grams (g) of force. The samples were allowed to stand for a period of time less than <NUM> at room temperature. The samples were subsequently subjected to a wash solution of <NUM> wt-% of TOMADOL <NUM>-<NUM> (<NUM>) applied via pipette over a period of <NUM> seconds before drying the samples with compressed air. The samples were visually inspected and scored on a scale of <NUM> = complete removal, <NUM> = partial removal, and <NUM> = no removal. The results are reported as "Fingerprint Removal" in Table <NUM>.

The stainless-steel panels of Examples <NUM> and <NUM> had a drop (~ <NUM>) of Wesson vegetable oil (ConAgra Foods, Omaha, NE) applied on a different portion of the treated surface and the samples were allowed to stand for a period of time less than <NUM> at room temperature. The samples were subsequently subjected to a wash solution of <NUM> wt-% of TOMADOL <NUM>-<NUM> (<NUM>) applied via pipette over a period of <NUM> seconds before drying the samples with compressed air. The samples were visually inspected and scored on a scale of
<NUM> = complete removal, <NUM> = partial removal, and <NUM> = no removal. The results are reported as "Oil Removal" in Table <NUM>.

The results show in Table <NUM> illustrate that the copolymer still provides a beneficial protective coating even when combined with cleaning agents (Example <NUM>). The cleaning agents alone do not provide any beneficial protective coating (Example <NUM>).

Claim 1:
A copolymer comprising:
(a) first monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (I)

        CH<NUM>=CR<NUM>-(CO)-X-R<NUM>-[-Q-R<NUM>-]n-Y     (I)

or salts thereof, wherein:
R<NUM> is hydrogen or methyl;
X is oxy or -NH-;
R<NUM> is an alkylene optionally including catenary oxygen;
R<NUM> is an alkylene;
Q is -(CO)O-, -NR<NUM>-(CO)-NR<NUM>-, or -(CO)-NR<NUM>-;
R<NUM> is hydrogen or alkyl;
n is equal to <NUM>; and
Y is phosphonic acid, phosphonate, phosphoric acid, or phosphate; and
(b) second monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (II)

        CH<NUM>=CR<NUM>-(CO)-X-R<NUM>-[-Q-R<NUM>-]n-[NR<NUM>R<NUM>]+-R<NUM>-Z-     (III)

wherein:
R<NUM> is hydrogen or methyl;
X is oxy or -NH-;
R<NUM> is alkylene optionally including catenary oxygen;
R<NUM> is alkylene;
Q is -(CO)O-, -NR<NUM>-(CO)-NR<NUM>-, or -(CO)-NR<NUM>-;
R<NUM> is hydrogen or alkyl;
n is equal to <NUM> or <NUM>;
R<NUM>and R<NUM> are each independently an alkyl, aryl, or a combination thereof, or R<NUM> and R<NUM> both combine with the nitrogen to which they are both attached to form a heterocyclic ring having <NUM> to <NUM> ring members;
R<NUM> is alkylene; and
Z- is carboxylate or sulfonate.