Patent Description:
Certain equipment is sensitive to shock and vibration. The function of such equipment can be disrupted by relatively high shock and vibration forces. In a high energy environment, it may be desirable to isolate such equipment from a supporting structure. However, in a low energy environment, it may be desirable to rigidly fix such equipment to the supporting structure. Conventional shock and vibration absorbers can only attenuate forces between the supporting structure and the equipment and are not capable of fixing the equipment relative to the supporting structure. Separate locking devices can be used to selectively fix the equipment relative to the supporting structure. However, these locking devices are cumbersome and may be prone to failure. Accordingly, those skilled in the art continue with research and development efforts in the field of shock and vibration attenuation and, as such, apparatuses and methods intended to address the above-identified concerns would find utility.

Document <CIT>, according to its abstract, discloses methods and apparatus for locking and releasing ends of a support strut coupled between a mounting platform and a load. The strut comprises a damping section coupled between the ends and having a gap therein when the strut is unlocked, a locking section coupled between the ends for closing the gap by applying stress to a portion of the damper section through a force transmitting member, and a releasing section coupled in parallel with part of the force transmitting member, the releasing section including a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) and heater therefore. Heating the SMA relieves the stress and opens the gap. Release from the locked condition occurs gradually and without fracture or sudden shock and the heater can be actuated remotely.

The present disclosure relates to a locking isolator comprising the features described at claim <NUM>. The dependent claims outline advantageous forms of embodiment of the isolator.

Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a method of isolating a first structure of a structural system from a second structure of the structural system comprising the steps described at claim <NUM>. The dependent claims outline advantageous ways of carrying out the method.

The following is a non-exhaustive list of examples, which may or may not be claimed, of the subject matter according to the present disclosure. In an example, a disclosed locking isolator includes one or more joints. The one or more joints are configured to transition between a clearance fit state and an interference fit state in response to a change in temperature. The locking isolator includes a dampener. The dampener is configured to attenuate transmission of vibration through the one or more joints when the one or more joints are in the clearance fit state. In another example, the disclosed locking isolator includes a base, a linkage coupled to the base, a cap coupled to the linkage, opposite the base. The locking isolator includes a dampener coupled to the base and to the cap. The linkage is configured to transition between an unlocked state, in which the cap is movable relative to the base, and a locked state, in which the cap is fixed relative to the base, in response to a change in temperature. The dampener is configured to attenuate transmission of vibration between the base and the cap when the linkage is in the unlocked state.

In an example, a disclosed method of isolating a first structure from a second structure includes steps of: (<NUM>) coupling the first structure and the second structure together using a locking isolator; (<NUM>) in response to a change in temperature, transitioning one or more joints of the locking isolator between a clearance fit state, in which the first structure and the second structure are movable relative to each other, and an interference fit state, in which the first structure and the second structure are fixed relative to each other; and (<NUM>) attenuating transmission of vibration between the first structure and the second structure using a dampener of the locking isolator with the one or more joints in the clearance fit state.

Other examples of the disclosed system, apparatus, and method will become apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.

The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate specific examples described by the present disclosure. Other examples having different structures and operations do not depart from the scope of the present disclosure. Like reference numerals may refer to the same feature, element, or component in the different drawings.

The present disclosure recognizes that certain structural systems include functional equipment that is sensitive to shock and vibration but that also needs to be rigidly fixed during operation. For example, many aerospace vehicles include shock and vibration sensitive equipment, such as communication arrays, guidance systems, vision systems, star trackers, and the like. During periods of relatively high shock and vibration forces, such as during launch of a spacecraft or takeoff/landing of an aircraft, it is beneficial for the system to provide flexibility between a supporting structure and the equipment as well as to absorb transmission of shock and vibration from the supporting structure to the equipment. During periods of relatively low shock and vibration forces, such as during operation of the equipment, it is beneficial for the equipment to be rigidly fixed to the supporting structure.

The present disclosure also recognizes that conventional solutions for isolating structures of a structural system include simple isolation devices that absorb or attenuate shock and vibration between the structures. However, these simple isolation devices are not capable of providing rigidity between the structures in circumstances where rigidity is needed or desired. In such circumstances, a clamp or similar locking device may be used to provide the desired rigidity. However, these locking devices are typically complex and heavy, are controlled by a computer, and require external power for operation. For these reasons, conventional isolation and locking devices may be disadvantageous for various situations in the aerospace industry.

Referring generally to <FIG>, by way of examples, the present disclosure is directed to a locking isolator <NUM>. Implementations of the locking isolator <NUM> selectively isolate vibration between structures in certain environments while locking the structures together in other environments without requiring a combination of the conventional independent vibration isolator and locking device described above.

Referring to <FIG>, in one or more examples, the locking isolator <NUM> includes one or more joints <NUM> configured to transition between a clearance fit state and an interference fit state in response to a change in temperature.

As used herein, the term "clearance fit," in reference to the one or more joints <NUM>, refers to a condition in which an airspace or clearance exists between interfacing or mating portions of a joint. A clearance fit has a positive allowance and provides a loose joint in which mating portions of the joint are movable relative to each other. In other words, when in the clearance fit state, a joint enables relative movement between mating portions of the joint.

As used herein, the term "interference fit," in reference to the one or more joints <NUM>, refers to a condition in which an interference exists between interfacing or mating portions of a joint. An interference fit has a negative allowance and provides a tight joint in which mating portions of the joint are immovable relative to each other. In other words, when in the interference fit state, a joint constrains or restricts movement between mating portions of the joint.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the phrase "change in temperature" can refer to a change in the ambient temperature surrounding the one or more joints <NUM>, a change in temperature of the one or more joints <NUM> itself, a change in temperature of one or both of the mating portions of the one or more joints <NUM>, or a combination thereof, whichever the case may be.

In one or more examples, the one or more joints <NUM> of the locking isolator <NUM> include a plurality of joints <NUM>. The plurality of joints <NUM> is coupled together. Each one of the plurality of joints <NUM> is configured to transition between the clearance fit state and the interference fit state in response to the change in temperature. In an example, the one or more joints <NUM> includes two joints <NUM>. In another example, the one or more joints <NUM> include three joints <NUM>. In other examples, the locking isolator <NUM> includes any number of (e.g., four or more) joints <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the locking isolator <NUM> includes a linkage <NUM>. In one or more examples, the linkage <NUM> includes the one or more joints <NUM>. In one or more examples, the one or more joints <NUM> of linkage <NUM> includes a plurality of joints <NUM>. Each of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as each one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, forms a point at which articulating links of the linkage <NUM> are joined. In one or more examples, the linkage <NUM> is configured to transition between an unlocked state, in which the articulating links of the linkage <NUM> are movable relative to each other, and a locked state, in which articulating links of the linkage <NUM> are fixed relative to each other, in response to the change in temperature.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term "unlocked state," in reference to the linkage <NUM>, refers to a condition in which the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, is in the clearance fit state. In other words, in the unlocked state, the linkage <NUM> is flexible.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term "locked state," in reference to the linkage <NUM>, refers to a condition in which the one or more joints <NUM>, such as each one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, is in the interference fit state. In other words, in the locked state, the linkage <NUM> is rigid.

In one or more examples, the locking isolator <NUM> includes a dampener <NUM>. The dampener <NUM> is configured to attenuate transmission of shock and vibration through the one or more joints <NUM>, such as the plurality of joints <NUM>, when the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, is in the clearance fit state. In one or more examples, the dampener <NUM> is coupled to the one or more joints <NUM>, such as to the plurality of joints <NUM>.

In one or examples, the dampener <NUM> is configured to attenuate transmission of shock and vibration through the linkage <NUM> when the linkage <NUM> is in the unlocked state. In one or more examples, the dampener <NUM> is coupled to the linkage <NUM>.

<FIG> schematically illustrates a practical implementation of the locking isolator <NUM>. In one or more examples, the locking isolator <NUM> includes a base <NUM> and a cap <NUM>. The linkage <NUM> (<FIG>) is coupled to the base <NUM>. The cap <NUM> is coupled to the linkage <NUM>, opposite the base <NUM>. The dampener <NUM> is coupled to the base <NUM> and to the cap <NUM>. The dampener <NUM> is configured to attenuate transmission of vibration between the base <NUM> and the cap <NUM> when the linkage <NUM> is in the unlocked state.

In one or more examples, the linkage <NUM> (<FIG>) is configured to transition between the unlocked state, in which the cap <NUM> is movable relative to the base <NUM>, and the locked state, in which the cap <NUM> is fixed relative to the base <NUM>, in response to the change in temperature. In high energy environments in which shock and vibration forces applied to the structural system <NUM> are relatively high (e.g., have large magnitudes), the locking isolator <NUM> enables movement of the cap <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> using the linkage <NUM> in the unlocked state (e.g., with the one or more joints <NUM> (<FIG>) in the clearance fit state) and attenuates shock and vibrations transmitted from the base <NUM> to the cap <NUM> using the dampener <NUM>. In low energy environments in which shock and vibration forces applied to the structural system <NUM> are relatively low (e.g., have small magnitudes), the locking isolator <NUM> rigidly locks the base <NUM> and the cap <NUM> together using the linkage <NUM> in the locked state (e.g., the one or more joints <NUM> in the interference fit state).

In one or more examples, the base <NUM> is configured to be coupled to a first structure <NUM> (<FIG>) of a structural system <NUM> (<FIG>) and the cap <NUM> is configured to be coupled to a second structure <NUM> (<FIG>) of the structural system <NUM>. In one or more examples, the locking isolator <NUM> includes at least one connecting feature <NUM>. The connecting feature <NUM> is configured to enable the locking isolator <NUM> to be connected to the structures of the structural system <NUM>. In an example, the base <NUM> includes at least one connecting feature <NUM> and is couplable to the first structure <NUM> using the at least one connecting feature <NUM>. The cap <NUM> includes at least one connecting feature <NUM> and is couplable to the second structure <NUM> using the at least one connecting feature <NUM>.

In various examples, the connecting feature <NUM> includes, or takes the form of, any suitable structure that enables two members to be joined. As examples, the connecting feature <NUM> may include a smooth bored aperture for insertion of a mechanical fastener, a threaded aperture for connection of a threaded fastener, a bonding surface, a weldable surface, and the like. The connecting feature <NUM> associated with the base <NUM> and the connection feature <NUM> associated with the cap <NUM> may be same or different.

<FIG> schematically illustrates a practical implementation of the locking isolator <NUM> used to couple structures of the structural system <NUM> together. In one or more examples, the structural system <NUM> includes the first structure <NUM> and the second structure <NUM>. While two locking isolators <NUM> are illustrated by example in <FIG>, in other examples, any number of the locking isolators <NUM> may be used to couple the first structure <NUM> and the second structure <NUM> together. In other examples, the structural system <NUM> may include any number of other structures, whether not the other structures are coupled together using the locking isolator <NUM>.

The second structure <NUM> is coupled to the first structure <NUM> using the locking isolator <NUM>. In the illustrated example, the first structure <NUM> supports the second structure <NUM>. For example, the first structure <NUM> is a supporting structure and the second structure <NUM> is a piece of equipment or a component that is sensitive to shock and vibration. In an example, the structural system <NUM> forms a part of an aerospace vehicle, such as a spacecraft or an aircraft. The first structure <NUM> is a component of a frame of the aerospace vehicle and the second structure <NUM> is a piece of equipment or a component of a system of the aerospace vehicle.

The dampener <NUM> is configured to attenuate vibration through the structural system <NUM>, such as between the first structure <NUM> and the second structure <NUM>. In one or more examples, the dampener <NUM> is configured to attenuate high frequency vibration in a range or spectrum of vibrational frequencies.

Accordingly, in high energy environments in which shock and vibration forces applied to the structural system <NUM> are relatively high (e.g., have large magnitudes), the locking isolator <NUM> enables movement of the second structure <NUM> relative to the first structure <NUM> using the linkage <NUM> in the unlocked state (e.g., with the one or more joints <NUM> in the clearance fit state) and attenuates shock and vibrations transmitted from the first structure <NUM> to the second structure <NUM> using the dampener <NUM>. In low energy environments in which shock and vibration forces applied to the structural system <NUM> are relatively low (e.g., have small magnitudes), the locking isolator <NUM> rigidly locks the first structure <NUM> and the second structure <NUM> together using the linkage <NUM> in the locked state (e.g., the one or more joints <NUM> in the interference fit state).

Referring again to <FIG>, in one or more examples, each of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as each one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, includes a first portion <NUM> and a second portion <NUM>. The first portion <NUM> has a first coefficient of thermal expansion ("CTE") <NUM>. The second portion <NUM> has a second coefficient of thermal expansion <NUM>. The first coefficient of thermal expansion <NUM> and the second coefficient of thermal expansion <NUM> are different.

In one or more examples, the coefficient of thermal expansion, in reference to the first portion <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>, refers to the linear coefficient of thermal expansion.

In one or more examples, the difference between the first coefficient of thermal expansion <NUM> and the second coefficient of thermal expansion <NUM> is at least approximately <NUM> (<NUM>-<NUM> m / (m K). In one or more examples, the difference between the first coefficient of thermal expansion <NUM> and the second coefficient of thermal expansion <NUM> is at least approximately <NUM> (<NUM>-<NUM> m / (m K). In one or more examples, the difference between the first coefficient of thermal expansion <NUM> and the second coefficient of thermal expansion <NUM> is at least approximately <NUM> (<NUM>-<NUM> m / (m K).

Is can be appreciated that greater differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the first portion <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> may enable transition between the clearance fit state and the interference fit state of the one or more joints <NUM> (e.g., transition between the unlocked state and the locked state of the linkage <NUM>) in response to a lesser change in temperature (e.g., smaller ΔT) or at a lower transition temperature. Similarly, lesser differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the first portion <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> may enable transition between the clearance fit state and the interference fit state of the one or more joints <NUM> (e.g., transition between the unlocked state and the locked state of the linkage <NUM>) in response to a greater change in temperature (e.g., larger ΔT) or at a higher transition temperature.

In one or more examples, the first portion <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM> is formed of a first material <NUM> having the first coefficient of thermal expansion <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM> is formed of a second material <NUM> having the second coefficient of thermal expansion <NUM>.

In or more examples, at least one of the first portion <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM> is formed of a metallic material. As examples, at least one of the first material <NUM> and the second material <NUM> is selected from brass (having a CTE of approximately <NUM> (<NUM>-<NUM> m / (m K)), carbon steel (having a CTE of approximately <NUM> (<NUM>-<NUM> m / (m K)), and tungsten (having a CTE of approximately <NUM> (<NUM>-<NUM> m / (m K)). Other metals are also contemplated for the first portion <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>.

In one or more examples, at least one of the first portion <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM> is formed of a metallic alloy. As examples, at least one of the first material <NUM> and the second material <NUM> is selected from an nickel-iron alloy, such as Invar, (having a CTE of approximately <NUM> (<NUM>-<NUM> m / (m K)) and a nickel-chromium alloy, such as Inconel, (having a CTE of approximately <NUM> (<NUM>-<NUM> m / (m K)), and nickel-copper alloy, such as Monel, (having a CTE of approximately <NUM> (<NUM>-<NUM> m / (m K)). Other metallic alloys are also contemplated for the first portion <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>.

Arrangement of the first portion <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM> depend, for example, on whether the one or more joints <NUM> are configured to be in the clearance fit state at lower temperatures and in the interference fit state at higher temperatures or whether the one or more joints <NUM> are configured to be in the clearance fit state at higher temperatures and in the interference fit state at lower temperatures. Selection of the materials of the first portion <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM> depend, for example, on the temperature needed to transition the one or more joints <NUM> between the clearance fit state and the interference fit state (referred to herein as transition temperature ("TT") <NUM>) and the amount of thermal expansion or thermal contraction achievable at the transition temperature <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the one or more joints <NUM> are configured to be in the interference fit state below the transition temperature <NUM> and in the clearance fit state above the transition temperature <NUM>. For example, the first portion <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> are fixed relative to each other below the transition temperature <NUM> and are movable relative to each other above the transition temperature <NUM>. Therefore, in these examples, the linkage <NUM> is configured to be in the unlocked state below the transition temperature <NUM> and in the locked state above the transition temperature <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the one or more joints <NUM> are configured to be in the clearance fit state below the transition temperature <NUM> and in the interference fit state above the transition temperature <NUM>. For example, the first portion <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> are movable relative to each other below the transition temperature <NUM> and fixed relative to each other above the transition temperature <NUM>. Therefore, in these examples, the linkage <NUM> is configured to be in the locked state below the transition temperature <NUM> and in the unlocked state above the transition temperature <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, in one or more examples, the linkage <NUM> includes a first link <NUM>. A first end of the first link <NUM> is coupled to the base <NUM> by a first joint <NUM>. A second end of the first link <NUM>, opposite the first end, is coupled (e.g., fixed) to the cap <NUM>. The first joint <NUM> is an example of the one or more joints <NUM> (<FIG>).

In these examples, the first portion <NUM> of the first joint <NUM> is formed by the first end of the first link <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> of the first joint <NUM> is formed by the base <NUM>. In these examples, the first joint <NUM> enables movement of the first link <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> and, thus, the cap <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> when the first joint <NUM> is in the clearance fit state and restricts movement of the first link <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> and, thus, the cap <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> when the first joint <NUM> is in the interference fit state.

Referring to <FIG>, in one or more examples, the linkage <NUM> includes the first link <NUM>. The first end of the first link <NUM> is coupled (e.g., fixed) to the base <NUM>. The second end of the first link <NUM> is coupled to the cap <NUM> by the first joint <NUM>. The first joint <NUM> is an example of the one or more joints <NUM>.

In these examples, the first portion <NUM> of the first joint <NUM> is formed by the second end of the first link <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> of the first joint <NUM> is formed by the base <NUM>. In these examples, the first joint <NUM> enables movement of the cap <NUM> relative to the first link <NUM> and, thus, the cap <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> when the first joint <NUM> is in the clearance fit state and restricts movement of the cap <NUM> relative to the first link <NUM> and, thus, the cap <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> when the first joint <NUM> is in the interference fit state.

Referring to <FIG>, in one or more examples, the linkage <NUM> includes a first link <NUM> and a second link <NUM>. The first end of the first link <NUM> is coupled to the base <NUM> by a first joint <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>. A first end of the second link <NUM> is coupled to the second end of the first link <NUM> by a second joint <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>, opposite the base <NUM>. A second end of the second link <NUM> is coupled to the cap <NUM> by a third joint <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>, opposite the first link <NUM>. The second joint <NUM> is an example of one of the one or more joints <NUM> (<FIG>). The third joint <NUM> is an example of one of the one or more joints <NUM>.

In these examples, the first portion <NUM> of the first joint <NUM> is formed by the first end of the first link <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> of the first joint <NUM> is formed by the base <NUM>. The first portion <NUM> of the second joint <NUM> is formed by the second end of the first link <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> of the second joint <NUM> is formed by the first end of the second link <NUM>. The first portion <NUM> of the third joint <NUM> is formed by the second end of the second link <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> of the third joint <NUM> is formed by the cap <NUM>.

In these examples, the first joint <NUM> enables movement of the first link <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> and, thus, the cap <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> when the first joint <NUM> is in the clearance fit state and restricts movement of the first link <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> and, thus, the cap <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> when the first joint <NUM> is in the interference fit state. The second joint <NUM> enables movement of the second link <NUM> relative to the first link <NUM> and, thus, the cap <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> when the second joint <NUM> is in the clearance fit state and restricts movement of the second link <NUM> relative to the first link <NUM> and, thus, the cap <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> when the second joint <NUM> is in the interference fit state. The third joint <NUM> enables movement of the cap <NUM> relative to the second link <NUM> and, thus, the cap <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> when the third joint <NUM> is in the clearance fit state and restricts movement of the cap <NUM> relative to the second link <NUM> and, thus, the cap <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> when the third joint <NUM> is in the interference fit state.

While <FIG> illustrates an example of the locking isolator <NUM> in which the linkage <NUM> has two links (e.g., the first link <NUM> and the second link <NUM>) and having three joints <NUM> (e.g., the first joint <NUM>, the second joint <NUM>, and the third joint <NUM>) connecting the linkage <NUM>, the base <NUM>, and the cap <NUM> together, in other examples, the locking isolator <NUM> includes other configurations of the linkage <NUM>, any number of links, and any number of joints <NUM>.

In the various examples, each joint <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as the first joint <NUM>, the second joint <NUM>, and the third joint <NUM>, are configured to transition between the clearance fit state and the interference fit state at the transition temperature <NUM> (<FIG>). In one or more examples, the transition temperature <NUM> for each joint <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as each one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, is the same. In one or more other examples, the transition temperature <NUM> for at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM> is different than the transition temperature <NUM> for at least another one of the plurality of j oints <NUM>. In one or more other examples, the transition temperature <NUM> for each joint <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as each one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, is different. Accordingly, depending on the number of joints <NUM>, the type of joints <NUM>, and the configuration and arrangement of the joints <NUM>, the locking isolator <NUM> is capable of controlling the amount of movement and/or the type of movement through the linkage <NUM> at one or more different transition temperatures <NUM>.

Referring still to <FIG>, in one or more examples, above a first transition temperature ("TT1") <NUM>, the first joint <NUM> has a clearance fit, in which the first link <NUM> is movable relative to the base <NUM>. In one or more examples, above the first transition temperature ("TT1") <NUM>, the first joint <NUM> has an interference fit, in which the first link <NUM> is fixed relative to the base <NUM>.

In one or more examples, above a second transition temperature ("TT2") <NUM>, the second joint <NUM> has the clearance fit, in which the second link <NUM> is movable relative to the first link <NUM>. In one or more examples, above the second transition temperature ("TT2") <NUM>, the second joint <NUM> has the interference fit, in which the second link <NUM> is fixed relative to the first link <NUM>.

In one or more examples, above a third transition temperature (TT3") <NUM>, the third joint <NUM> has the clearance fit, in which the cap <NUM> is movable relative to the second link <NUM>. In one or more examples, above a third transition temperature (TT3") <NUM>, the third joint <NUM> has the interference fit, in which the cap <NUM> is fixed relative to the second link <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the first transition temperature <NUM>, the second transition temperature <NUM>, and the third transition temperature <NUM> are the same. In one or more examples, at least one of the first transition temperature <NUM>, the second transition temperature <NUM>, and the third transition temperature <NUM> is different than at least another one of the first transition temperature <NUM>, the second transition temperature <NUM>, and the third transition temperature <NUM>. In one or more examples, each one of the first transition temperature <NUM>, the second transition temperature <NUM>, and the third transition temperature <NUM> is different.

Referring to <FIG> and <FIG>, in one or more examples, at least one of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, is configured for linear movement when in the clearance fit state. In one or more examples, at least one of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as the first joint <NUM> in <FIG> or the second joint <NUM> in <FIG>, includes, or takes the form of a slide bearing, a plain bearing, a linear sliding joint, a prismatic joint, and the like.

Referring to <FIG> and <FIG>, in one or more examples, at least one of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, is configured for pivotal or rotational movement when in the clearance fit state. In one or more examples, at least one of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as the first joint <NUM> in <FIG> and <FIG> or the third joint <NUM> in <FIG>, includes, or takes the form of, a spherical bearing, a rotary joint, a ball joint, and the like.

In one or more examples, the locking isolator <NUM> is configured to enable linear movement between the cap <NUM> and the base <NUM> and, thus, linear movement between the second structure <NUM> and the first structure <NUM> (<FIG>). In these examples, such as illustrated in <FIG>, the one or more joints <NUM> (e.g., the first joint <NUM>) includes the slide bearing.

In one or more examples, the locking isolator <NUM> is configured to enable pivotal or rotational movement between the cap <NUM> and the base <NUM> and, thus, pivotal or rotational movement between the second structure <NUM> and the first structure <NUM> (<FIG>). In these examples, such as illustrated in <FIG>, the one or more joints <NUM> (e.g., the first joint <NUM>) includes the spherical bearing.

In one or more examples, the locking isolator <NUM> is configured to enable both linear movement and pivotal or rotational movement between the cap <NUM> and the base <NUM> and, thus, linear movement and pivotal or rotational movement between the second structure <NUM> and the first structure <NUM> (<FIG>). In these examples, such as illustrated in <FIG>, at least one of the one or more joints <NUM> (e.g., the first joint <NUM> and the third joint <NUM>) includes the spherical bearing and at least one of the one or more joints <NUM> (e.g., the second joint <NUM>) includes the slide bearing.

Referring to <FIG>, in one or more examples, the dampener <NUM> includes, or takes the form of, an elastomer member <NUM> (e.g., is formed of an elastomeric material). In one or more examples, the dampener <NUM>, such as the elastomer member <NUM>, forms a housing <NUM> (e.g., an exterior housing of the locking isolator <NUM>) the is disposed around (e.g., surrounds) the linkage <NUM> and extends between the base <NUM> and the cap <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the elastomer member <NUM> is formed from natural rubber. In one or more examples, the elastomer member <NUM> is formed from synthetic rubber. In one or more examples, the elastomer member <NUM> is formed from isoprene. In one or more examples, the elastomer member <NUM> is formed from silicon. In one or more examples, the elastomer member <NUM> is formed from at least one of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, isoprene, silicon, polyisoprene, butadiene-styrene (e.g., styrenebutadiene rubber (SBR)), polychloroprene (e.g., pc-rubber), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, polyacrylic, and polyurethane.

Referring to <FIG>, in one or more examples, the dampener <NUM> includes, or takes the form of, a spring <NUM>. In one or more examples, the dampener <NUM>, such as the spring <NUM>, is a coil spring disposed around the linkage <NUM> and extending between the base <NUM> and the cap <NUM>. In certain applications, such as in the aerospace industry, use of the spring <NUM> as the dampener <NUM> over the elastomer member <NUM> may be beneficial because the spring <NUM> is less susceptible to outgassing.

In other examples, other types of shock and vibration absorbing members and/or materials are used as the dampener <NUM>. As an example, the dampener <NUM> may include at least one shock and vibration absorbing member connected to and extending between the base <NUM> and the cap <NUM> without forming an exterior housing of the locking isolator <NUM>. In such examples, the shock and vibration absorbing member is expandable, compressible, and flexible.

Referring to <FIG>, in one or more examples, the locking isolator <NUM> includes a heating element <NUM>. The heating element <NUM> is configured to cause the change in temperature. For example, the heating element <NUM> is configured to increase the temperature of at least one of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, past the transition temperature <NUM> (<FIG>) of the one or more joints <NUM> to transition the one or more joints <NUM> between the clearance fit state and the interference fit state.

In one or more examples, the heating element <NUM> is in thermal communication with the linkage <NUM>. In one or more examples, the heating element <NUM> is in thermal communication with the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of or each one of the plurality of joints <NUM>. In these examples, a single heating element <NUM> is used to heat the one or more joints <NUM>, such as each one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, such as the first joint <NUM>, the second joint <NUM>, and the third joint <NUM> illustrated in <FIG>.

In one or more examples, the locking isolator <NUM> includes a plurality of heating elements <NUM>. In these examples, each one of the plurality of heating elements <NUM> is configured to heat a corresponding joint <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as a corresponding one of the plurality of joints <NUM>. For example, an independent heating element <NUM> is used to heat each joint <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as each one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, such as the first joint <NUM>, the second joint <NUM>, and the third joint <NUM> illustrated in <FIG>.

In one or more examples, as illustrated in <FIG>, a first one or the plurality of heating elements <NUM> is configured to heat the first joint <NUM> above the first transition temperature <NUM> to transition the first joint <NUM> from the clearance fit state to the interference fit state or to transition the first joint <NUM> from the interference fit state to the clearance fit state. A second one or the plurality of heating elements <NUM> is configured to heat the second joint <NUM> above the second transition temperature <NUM> to transition the first joint <NUM> from the clearance fit state to the interference fit state or to transition the first joint <NUM> from the interference fit state to the clearance fit state. A third one or the plurality of heating elements <NUM> is configured to heat the third joint <NUM> above the third transition temperature <NUM> to transition the third joint <NUM> from the clearance fit state to the interference fit state or to transition the third joint <NUM> from the interference fit state to the clearance fit state.

In one or more examples, the heating element <NUM> includes, or takes the form of, at least one coil heater, such as a high resistance heating element. In one or more examples, the heating element <NUM> (e.g., the coil heater) is coupled to (e.g., is wrapped around) least a portion of at least one of the linkage <NUM>, the one or more joints <NUM>, the base <NUM> and/or the cap <NUM>. In one or more examples, the heating element <NUM> includes a nichrome heating element that is insulated by a silicone or ceramic insulating layer.

In one or more examples, the heating element <NUM> includes, or takes the form of, a thermoelectric heater. In other examples, various other suitable types of heaters or heating devices are contemplated for use as the heating element <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, in one or more examples, the locking isolator <NUM> includes a cooling element <NUM>. The cooling element <NUM> is configured to cause the change in temperature. For example, the cooling element <NUM> is configured to reduce the temperature of at least one of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, below the transition temperature <NUM> (<FIG>) of the one or more joints <NUM> to transition the one or more joints <NUM> between the clearance fit state and the interference fit state.

In one or more examples, the cooling element <NUM> is in thermal communication with the linkage <NUM>. In one or more examples, the cooling element <NUM> is in thermal communication with the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of or each one of the plurality of joints <NUM>. In these examples, a single cooling element <NUM> is used to remove heat from (e.g., cool) each joint <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as each one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, such as the first joint <NUM>, the second joint <NUM>, and the third joint <NUM> illustrated in <FIG>.

In one or more examples, the locking isolator <NUM> includes a plurality of cooling elements <NUM>. In these examples, each one of the plurality of cooling elements <NUM> is configured to remove heat from (e.g., cool) a corresponding joint <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as a corresponding one of the plurality of joints <NUM>. For example, an independent cooling element <NUM> is used to remove heat from each joint <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as each one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, such as the first joint <NUM>, the second joint <NUM>, and the third joint <NUM> illustrated in <FIG>.

In one or more examples, as illustrated in <FIG>, a first one or the plurality of cooling elements <NUM> is configured to cool the first joint <NUM> below the first transition temperature <NUM> to transition the first joint <NUM> from the clearance fit state to the interference fit state or to transition the first joint <NUM> from the interference fit state to the clearance fit state. A second one or the plurality of cooling elements <NUM> is configured to cool the second joint <NUM> below the second transition temperature <NUM> to transition the first joint <NUM> from the clearance fit state to the interference fit state or to transition the first joint <NUM> from the interference fit state to the clearance fit state. A third one or the plurality of cooling elements <NUM> is configured to cool the third joint <NUM> below the third transition temperature <NUM> to transition the third joint <NUM> from the clearance fit state to the interference fit state or to transition the third joint <NUM> from the interference fit state to the clearance fit state.

In one or more examples, the cooling element <NUM> includes, or takes the form of, at least one thermoelectric element, such as a peltier element. In one or more examples, the cooling element <NUM> also includes a thermal sink (e.g., a radiation plate, a finned heat sink, and the like).

In one or more examples, the locking isolator <NUM> includes a combination of at least one heating element <NUM> (<FIG>) and at least one cooling element <NUM>. In these examples, the heating element <NUM> is configured to heat at least one of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, above the transition temperature <NUM> (<FIG>) and the cooling element <NUM> is configured to cool at least one of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, below the transition temperature <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, in one or more examples, the heating element <NUM> and/or the cooling element <NUM> is powered by an external power source <NUM>. In one or more examples, the external power source <NUM> is a source of electrical power provided by the structural system <NUM> (e.g., the aerospace vehicle) or any other suitable external source. In one or more examples, the external power source <NUM> is a battery <NUM> or other electrical power storage cell.

In one or more examples, the heating element <NUM> and/or the cooling element <NUM> is powered by an internal power source <NUM>. For example, the internal power source <NUM> forms a part of the locking isolator <NUM>. In one or more examples, the internal power source <NUM> includes a suitable power generator that is configured to generate electrical power in response to vibration (e.g., converts vibration forces into electrical energy). Referring to <FIG> and <FIG>, in one or more examples, the locking isolator <NUM> includes a piezoelectric generator <NUM>. The piezoelectric generator <NUM> is an example of the internal power source <NUM> (<FIG>). The piezoelectric generator <NUM> is configured to generate electric power in response to mechanical strain.

As illustrated in <FIG>, in one or more examples, the piezoelectric generator <NUM> is in electrical communication with the heating element <NUM>. The electric power energizes the heating element <NUM>. As illustrated in <FIG>, in one or more examples, the piezoelectric generator <NUM> is in electrical communication with the cooling element <NUM>. The electric power energizes the cooling element <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the piezoelectric generator <NUM> is in electrical communication with the plurality of heating elements <NUM>. The electric power energizes each one of the plurality of heating elements <NUM>. In one or more examples, the piezoelectric generator <NUM> is in electrical communication with the plurality of cooling elements <NUM>. The electric power energizes each one of the plurality of cooling elements <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, in one or more examples, the piezoelectric generator <NUM> includes a piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>. In one or more examples, the piezoelectric generator <NUM> includes a plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers <NUM> (<FIG> and <FIG>). The piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as each one of the plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers <NUM>, is configured to deflect in response to the vibration.

As illustrated in <FIG>, in one or more examples, the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as each one of the plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers <NUM> (<FIG> and <FIG>), has a length L. In one or more examples, the length L is selected to resonate at an approximate frequency of vibration or at a range of approximate frequencies of vibration. For example, the length L can be increased or decreased to tune (e.g., modify or selectively adjust) the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM> to a selected or desired resonant frequency or range of resonant frequencies.

In an example, the length L is selected to resonate between approximately <NUM> and approximately <NUM>,<NUM>. In another example, the length L is selected to resonate between approximately <NUM> and approximately <NUM>,<NUM>. In yet another example, the length L is selected to resonate between approximately <NUM> and approximately <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM> includes at least one piezoelectric element <NUM>, such as a strip of a piezoelectric material. In one or more examples, the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM> includes at least one support element <NUM>, such as a strip of support material. In these examples, the at least one piezoelectric element <NUM> is coupled to and is supported by the at least one support element <NUM>. In one or more examples, the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM> is a laminate structure formed by at least one layer of the piezoelectric element <NUM> that is coupled to and supported by at least one layer of the support element <NUM>.

In these examples, use of the support element <NUM> depends, for example, on the magnitude of the shock and vibration forces acting on the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM> during a high energy event. For example, where the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM> is intended to be used in very highly energic environments in which the shock and vibration forces are relatively high, the support element <NUM> is used to provide a backing for the piezoelectric element <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM> is a laminate structure formed by a plurality of layers of the piezoelectric element <NUM>. Additional layers of the piezoelectric element <NUM> provide additional current in response to the mechanical strain induced in the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM> in response to deflection of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM> due to shock and vibration.

In one example implementation, the support element <NUM> of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as each one of the plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers <NUM> (<FIG> and <FIG>), is made of aluminum and has a thickness of approximately <NUM> inch (<NUM> millimeter). In an example of this implementation, the length L of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as the support element <NUM> of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, is approximately <NUM> inch (<NUM> millimeters) and resonates at approximately <NUM>,<NUM>. In another example of this implementation, the length L of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as the support element <NUM> of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, is approximately <NUM> inch (<NUM> millimeters) and resonates at approximately <NUM>. In another example of this implementation, the length L of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as the support element <NUM> of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, is approximately <NUM> inches (<NUM> millimeters) and resonates at approximately <NUM>. In another example of this implementation, the length L of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as the support element <NUM> of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, is approximately <NUM> inch (<NUM> millimeters) and resonates at approximately <NUM>. In another example of this implementation, the length L of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as the support element <NUM> of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, is approximately <NUM> inch (<NUM> millimeters) and resonates at approximately <NUM>. In yet another example of this implementation, the length L of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as the support element <NUM> of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, is approximately <NUM> inch (<NUM> millimeters) and resonates at approximately <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as the support element <NUM> of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, has any one of various thicknesses. For example, the thickness of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as the thickness of the support element <NUM> of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, can be increased or decreased to tune (e.g., modify or selectively adjust) the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM> to a selected or desired length L or to tune the length L of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM> to a selected to desired resonant frequency.

In one or more examples, as illustrated in <FIG>, the support element <NUM> and the piezoelectric element <NUM> have the same length (e.g., length L). In one or more other examples, the support element <NUM> and the piezoelectric element <NUM> have different lengths. For example, the support element <NUM> forms the length L of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM> and the piezoelectric element <NUM> is mounted to the support element <NUM> and has a length that is less than the length of the support element <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, in one or more examples, various other configurations of the piezoelectric generator <NUM> are also contemplated. In one or more examples, at least one piezoelectric element <NUM> is coupled to the dampener <NUM>. In these examples, deformation of the dampener <NUM> due to shock and vibration causes mechanical strain to the induced in the piezoelectric element <NUM> by deforming (e.g., compressing, bending, etc.) the piezoelectric element <NUM>. In one or more examples, at least one piezoelectric element <NUM> is coupled between the base <NUM> and the cap <NUM>. In these examples, movement of the cap <NUM> relative to the base <NUM> due to shock and vibration causes mechanical strain to the induced in the piezoelectric element <NUM> by deforming (e.g., compressing, bending, etc.) the piezoelectric element <NUM>. In one or more examples, the piezoelectric generator <NUM> includes a combination of different configurations of the piezoelectric elements <NUM>, such as in the form of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, as coupled to the dampener <NUM>, and/or as coupled between the base <NUM> and the cap <NUM>.

Accordingly, in examples of the locking isolator <NUM> that utilize the internal power source <NUM>, such as the piezoelectric generator <NUM>, electrical power needed to heat and/or cool the one or more joints <NUM> is provided passively in response to shock and vibration forces acting on the locking isolator <NUM>. Such passive power generation does not rely on computer control or external power, which beneficially reduces the likelihood of failure.

Referring again to <FIG>, in one or more examples, the internal power source <NUM>, such as the piezoelectric generator <NUM>, is coupled to and is in electrical communication with the external power source <NUM>, such as the battery <NUM>. In these examples, the electrical energy generated by the piezoelectric generator <NUM> is transmitted to and is stored by the battery <NUM> for later use, rather than immediately being used to energize the heating element <NUM> and/or the cooling element <NUM>. In these examples, the electrical energy stored in the battery <NUM> is selectively provided to the heating element <NUM> and/or the cooling element <NUM> by a controller <NUM>, such as at a desired time or for a desired period.

Referring to <FIG>, by way of examples, the present disclosure is also directed to a method <NUM> of isolating a first structure from a second structure. For example, the method <NUM> relates to isolating the first structure <NUM> of the structural system <NUM> from the second structure <NUM> of the structural system <NUM>. Referring generally to <FIG>, in one or more example, implementation of the method <NUM> is performed using the disclosed locking isolator <NUM>.

The method <NUM> includes a step of (block <NUM>) coupling structures together using the locking isolator <NUM>. In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) coupling structures together includes a step of coupling the first structure <NUM> of the structural system <NUM> and the second structure <NUM> of the structural system <NUM> together using the locking isolator <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) coupling structures together includes a step of coupling the first structure <NUM> of the structural system <NUM> and the second structure <NUM> of the structural system <NUM> together using a plurality of locking isolators <NUM>. The method <NUM> further includes a step of (block <NUM>) transitioning the locking isolator <NUM> between a clearance fit state and an interference fit state in response to a change in temperature.

In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) transitioning the locking isolator <NUM> between the clearance fit state and the interference fit state includes a step of, in response to the change in temperature, transitioning the one or more joints <NUM> of the locking isolator <NUM> between the clearance fit state, in which the first structure <NUM> and the second structure <NUM> are movable relative to each other, and the interference fit state, in which the first structure <NUM> and the second structure <NUM> are fixed relative to each other.

In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) transitioning the locking isolator <NUM> between the clearance fit state and the interference fit state includes a step of, in response to the change in temperature, transitioning the one or more joints <NUM>, such as the plurality of joints <NUM>, of the locking isolator <NUM> between the clearance fit state, in which the first structure <NUM> and the second structure <NUM> are movable relative to each other, and the interference fit state, in which the first structure <NUM> and the second structure <NUM> are fixed relative to each other.

In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) transitioning the locking isolator <NUM> between the clearance fit state and the interference fit state includes a step of, in response to the change in temperature, transitioning the linkage <NUM> the locking isolator <NUM> between the unlocked state, in which the first structure <NUM> and the second structure <NUM> are movable relative to each other, and the locked state, in which the first structure <NUM> and the second structure <NUM> are fixed relative to each other.

In one or more examples, the method <NUM> includes a step of (block <NUM>) isolating the structures. In one or more examples, step of (block <NUM>) isolating the structures includes a step of isolating the second structure <NUM> from the first structure <NUM> by enabling the second structure <NUM> to move relative to the first structure <NUM> by configuring the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, in the clearance fit state or configuring the linkage <NUM> in the unlocked state.

In one or more examples, the method <NUM> includes a step of (block <NUM>) locking the structures. In one or more examples, step of (block <NUM>) locking the structures includes a step of locking the first structure <NUM> and the second structure <NUM> together by configuring the one or more joints <NUM>, such as each one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, in the interference fit state or configuring the linkage <NUM> in the locked state.

The method <NUM> further includes a step of (block <NUM>), attenuating transmission of vibration between the structures using the locking isolator <NUM>. In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) attenuating transmission of vibration includes a step of attenuating transmission of vibration between the first structure <NUM> and the second structure <NUM> using the dampener <NUM> of the locking isolator <NUM> with the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of or each one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, in the clearance fit state.

In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) attenuating transmission of vibration includes a step of attenuating transmission of vibration between the first structure <NUM> and the second structure <NUM> using the dampener <NUM> of the locking isolator <NUM> with the linkage <NUM> in the unlocked state.

In one or more examples, the method <NUM> includes a step of (block <NUM>) heating the locking isolator <NUM>. In these examples, heating the locking isolator <NUM> results in, or causes, the change in temperature, such as above the transition temperature <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) heating the locking isolator <NUM> includes a step of moving the structural system <NUM> from a first ambient temperature to a second ambient temperature, in which the second ambient temperature is greater than the first ambient temperature and is greater than the transition temperature <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) heating the locking isolator <NUM> includes a step of heating the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, to a temperature that is greater than the transition temperature <NUM>. In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) heating the locking isolator <NUM>, includes a step of heating the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, using the heating element <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the method <NUM> includes a step of (block <NUM>) cooling the locking isolator <NUM>. In these examples, cooling the locking isolator <NUM> results in, or causes, the change in temperature, such as below the transition temperature <NUM> of the one or more joints <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) cooling the locking isolator <NUM> includes a step of moving the structural system <NUM> from a first ambient temperature to a second ambient temperature, in which the second ambient temperature is less than the first ambient temperature and is less than the transition temperature <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) cooling the locking isolator <NUM> includes a step of cooling (e.g., removing heat from) the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, to a temperature that is less than the transition temperature <NUM>. In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) cooling the locking isolator <NUM>, includes a step of cooling the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, using the cooling element <NUM>.

In one or more examples, each of the one or more joints <NUM>, such as each one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, includes the first portion <NUM>, having the first coefficient of thermal expansion <NUM>, and the second portion <NUM>, having the second coefficient of thermal expansion <NUM>. The first coefficient of thermal expansion <NUM> and the second coefficient of thermal expansion <NUM> are different.

In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) heating the locking isolator <NUM> includes a step of heating the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, above the transition temperature <NUM> to expand the first portion <NUM> relative to the second portion <NUM> or to expand the second portion <NUM> relative to the first portion <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) cooling the locking isolator <NUM> includes a step of cooling the one or more joints <NUM>, such as at least one of the plurality of joints <NUM>, below the transition temperature <NUM> to contract the first portion <NUM> relative to the second portion <NUM> or to contract the second portion <NUM> relative to the first portion <NUM>.

In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) heating the locking isolator <NUM> includes a step of generating electric power in response to a mechanical strain using the piezoelectric generator <NUM> and a step of energizing the heating element <NUM> using the electric power.

In one or more examples, the step of (block <NUM>) cooling the locking isolator <NUM> includes a step of generating electric power in response to a mechanical strain using the piezoelectric generator <NUM> and a step of energizing the cooling element <NUM> using the electric power.

In one or more examples, the piezoelectric generator <NUM> includes the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as the plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers <NUM>. In these examples, the step of generating electric power includes a step of deflecting the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as at least one of or each one of the plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers <NUM>, in response to the vibration. Deflection of the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as one or more of the plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers <NUM>, creates the mechanical strain.

In one or more examples, the step of deflecting the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as one or more of the plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers <NUM>, includes a step of resonating the piezoelectric cantilever <NUM>, such as at least one of or each one of the plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers <NUM>, at a range of frequencies of the vibration.

Accordingly, the disclosed locking isolator <NUM> and method <NUM> provide for selective isolation of vibration between structures in certain environments, such as between a supporting structure and a piece of equipment that is sensitive to shock and vibration in high energy, dynamic environments. The disclosed locking isolator <NUM> and method <NUM> also provide for selective locking between structures in certain other environments, such as between a supporting structure and a piece of equipment in low energy, or substantially static, environments.

The disclosed locking isolator <NUM> and method <NUM> advantageously enables numerous tuning options for thermal activation and deactivation and/or vibrational activation and deactivation. As an example, the locking isolator <NUM> can be tuned to provide rigidity at lower vibration levels (e.g., lower magnitudes) and flexibility (with shock and vibration absorption) at higher vibration levels (e.g., higher magnitudes). As another example, the locking isolator <NUM> can be tuned to provide flexibility (with shock and vibration absorption) at lower vibration levels (e.g., lower magnitudes) and rigidity at higher vibration levels (e.g., higher magnitudes). As another example, the locking isolator <NUM> can be tuned to provide rigidity at lower temperatures and flexibility (with shock and vibration absorption) at higher temperatures. As another example, the locking isolator <NUM> can be tuned to provide flexibility (with shock and vibration absorption) at lower temperatures and rigidity at higher temperatures.

In some implementations of the disclosed locking isolator <NUM> and the method <NUM>, selection between an isolated state and a locked state is performed passively. In other words, in one or more implementations, the disclosed locking isolator <NUM> and the method <NUM> advantageously do not require external power or external controls. For example, selection between the isolated state and the locked state occurs due to a change in environment. As an example, selection between the isolated state and the locked state occurs in response to a change in temperature of the ambient environment, such as when an ambient temperature exceeds a threshold temperature. As another example, selection between the isolated state and the locked state occurs in response to a change in vibration, such as when vibration (e.g., a magnitude of the vibration) exceeds a threshold vibration level (e.g., a threshold magnitude of the vibration). In these examples, vibration magnitudes above a preselected threshold generate sufficient electrical power using the piezoelectric generator <NUM> to heat or cool the one or more joints <NUM> using the heating element <NUM> or the cooling element <NUM>, respectively, to transition between the isolated and locked states.

In other implementations of the disclosed locking isolator <NUM> and the method <NUM>, selection between an isolated state and a locked state is performed actively. In these examples, electrical energy is provided by the external power source <NUM>, such as the battery <NUM> at a predetermined to selected time.

Referring now to <FIG>, examples of the locking isolator <NUM> and the method <NUM> may be used in the context of an aerospace vehicle manufacturing and service method <NUM>, as shown in the flow diagram of <FIG> and the aerospace vehicle <NUM>, as schematically illustrated in <FIG>.

Referring to <FIG>, the aerospace vehicle <NUM> includes any one of various types of vehicles capable of travelling within and outside of the Earth's atmosphere, such as, but not limited to, aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, rockets, and the like. In one or more examples, the aerospace vehicle <NUM> includes an underlying frame <NUM>, an interior <NUM>, and a plurality of high-level systems <NUM>. Examples of the high-level systems <NUM> include one or more of a propulsion system <NUM>, an electrical system <NUM>, a hydraulic system <NUM>, an environmental system <NUM>, a communication system <NUM>, a guidance system <NUM>, and a vision system <NUM>. In other examples, the aerospace vehicle <NUM> may include any number of other <NUM> types of systems.

Examples of the locking isolator <NUM> and implementations of the method <NUM> may be used to connect a piece of equipment or component associated with one of the high-level systems <NUM>, which is sensitive to shock and vibration forces, to the frame <NUM>. As such the equipment or component can be rigidly fixed in certain environments and isolated in other environments.

Referring to <FIG>, during pre-production, the method <NUM> includes specification and design of the aerospace vehicle <NUM> (block <NUM>) and material procurement (block <NUM>). During production of the aerospace vehicle <NUM>, component and subassembly manufacturing (block <NUM>) and system integration (block <NUM>) of the aerospace vehicle <NUM> take place. Thereafter, the aerospace vehicle <NUM> goes through certification and delivery (block <NUM>) to be placed in service (block <NUM>). Routine maintenance and service (block <NUM>) includes modification, reconfiguration, refurbishment, etc. of one or more systems of the aerospace vehicle <NUM>.

Each of the processes of the method <NUM> illustrated in <FIG> may be performed or carried out by a system integrator, a third party, and/or an operator (e.g., a customer). For the purposes of this description, a system integrator may include, without limitation, any number of manufacturers and major-system subcontractors; a third party may include, without limitation, any number of vendors, subcontractors, and suppliers; and an operator may be an airline, leasing company, military entity, service organization, and so on.

Examples of the locking isolator <NUM> and the method <NUM> shown and described herein may be employed during any one or more of the stages of the manufacturing and service method <NUM> shown in the flow diagram illustrated by <FIG>. In an example, implementations of the disclosed locking isolator <NUM> and method <NUM> may form a portion of component and subassembly manufacturing (block <NUM>) and/or system integration (block <NUM>). For example, assembly of the aerospace vehicle <NUM> and/or installation of various equipment and components thereof using implementations of the disclosed locking isolator <NUM> and method <NUM> may correspond to component and subassembly manufacturing (block <NUM>) and may be prepared in a manner similar to components or subassemblies prepared while the aerospace vehicle <NUM> is in service (block <NUM>). Also, implementations of the disclosed locking isolator <NUM> and method <NUM> may be utilized during system integration (block <NUM>) and certification and delivery (block <NUM>). Similarly, implementations of the disclosed locking isolator <NUM> and method <NUM> may be utilized, for example and without limitation, while the aerospace vehicle <NUM> is in service (block <NUM>) and during maintenance and service (block <NUM>).

Although an aerospace (e.g., aircraft or spacecraft) example is shown, the examples and principles disclosed herein may be applied to other industries, such as the automotive industry, the construction industry, electronics industry, the wind turbine industry, and other design and manufacturing industries. Accordingly, in addition to aircraft and spacecraft, the examples and principles disclosed herein may apply to shock and vibration isolation systems of other vehicles (e.g., land vehicles, marine vehicles, construction vehicles, etc.), machinery, and stand-alone structures.

In <FIG> and <FIG>, referred to above, virtual (imaginary) elements may also be shown for clarity. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that some of the elements, features, and/or components described and illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG> may be combined in various ways without the need to include other features described and illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, other drawing figures, and/or the accompanying disclosure, even though such combination or combinations are not explicitly illustrated herein. Similarly, additional features not limited to the examples presented, may be combined with some or all of the features shown and described herein. Unless otherwise explicitly stated, the schematic illustrations of the examples depicted in <FIG> and <FIG>, referred to above, are not meant to imply structural limitations with respect to the illustrative example. Rather, although one illustrative structure is indicated, it is to be understood that the structure may be modified when appropriate. Accordingly, modifications, additions and/or omissions may be made to the illustrated structure. Additionally, those skilled in the art will appreciate that not all elements described and illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, referred to above, need be included in every example and not all elements described herein are necessarily depicted in each illustrative example.

Claim 1:
A locking isolator (<NUM>), comprising:
one or more joints (<NUM>) configured to transition between a clearance fit state and an interference fit state in response to a change in temperature; and
a dampener (<NUM>), configured to attenuate transmission of vibration through the one or more joints (<NUM>) when the one or more joints (<NUM>) are in the clearance fit state,
wherein each joint (<NUM>) of the one or more joints (<NUM>) comprises a first portion (<NUM>), having a first coefficient of thermal expansion (<NUM>) and a second portion (<NUM>), having a second coefficient of thermal expansion (<NUM>) that is different than the first coefficient of thermal expansion (<NUM>);
wherein the first portion (<NUM>) and the second portion (<NUM>) are fixed relative to each other below a transition temperature (<NUM>) and the first portion (<NUM>) and the second portion (<NUM>) are movable relative to each other above the transition temperature (<NUM>); or
wherein the first portion (<NUM>) and the second portion (<NUM>) are movable relative to each other below a transition temperature (<NUM>) and the first portion (<NUM>) and the second portion (<NUM>) are fixed relative to each other above the transition temperature (<NUM>);
the locking isolator (<NUM>) further comprising a heating element (<NUM>), which is configured to heat the one or more joints (<NUM>) above of the transition temperature (<NUM>) and/or a cooling element (<NUM>) which is configured to cool the one or more joints (<NUM>) below the transition temperature (<NUM>);
wherein the locking isolator (<NUM>) further comprises a piezoelectric generator (<NUM>), configured to generate an electric power in response to mechanical strain caused by shock and vibration forces acting on the locking isolator (<NUM>), the piezoelectric generator (<NUM>) being in electrical communication with the heating element (<NUM>) and/or the cooling element (<NUM>) whereby the electric power generated by the piezoelectric generator is used to energize the heating element (<NUM>) and/or the cooling element (<NUM>).