Patent Description:
The fifth generation (<NUM>) New Radio (NR) technology is an improvement over the fourth generation (<NUM>) Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology, which provides extreme data speeds and capacity by utilizing higher, unlicensed spectrum bands (e.g., above <NUM>, loosely known as millimeter Wave (mmWave)), for wireless broadband communications. Due to the huge path and penetration losses at millimeter wavelengths, a technique called "beamforming" is employed, and it assumes an important role in establishing and maintaining a robust communication link.

Beamforming generally requires one or more antenna arrays, each comprising a plurality of antennas. By appropriately setting antenna weights that define the contribution of each of the antennas to a transmission or reception operation, it becomes possible to shape the sensitivity of the transmission/reception to a particularly high value in a specific beamformed direction. By applying different antenna weights, different beam patterns can be achieved, e.g., different directive beams can be sequentially employed.

For a transmission (Tx) operation, beamforming may direct the signal towards a receiver of interest. Likewise, during a reception (Rx) operation, beamforming may provide a high sensitivity in receiving a signal originating from a sender of interest. Since transmission power may be anisotropically focused, e.g., into a solid angle of interest, beamforming may provide better link budgets due to lower required Tx power and higher received signal power, when compared to conventional practice, which does not employ beamforming and relies on more or less isotropic transmission.

For example, during a RACH procedure, a User Equipment (UE) may either apply beam switching or apply power ramping for a PRACH retransmission according to the 3GPP specifications for the <NUM> NR technology. For beam switching, the UE simply switches to a different Tx beam (or called a spatial domain transmission filter) to perform the PRACH retransmission, without increasing the transmission power. For power ramping, the UE increases the transmission power to perform the PRACH retransmission on the same Tx beam (i.e., using the same spatial domain transmission filter), causing the power ramping counter to be incremented by one. <CIT> discloses an apparatus for performing an initial access by a terminal in wireless communication system. The apparatus includes a controller which is configured to transmit capability indication information indicating whether the terminal supports a dual connectivity mode and a high frequency capability support to a Primary Cell of Master eNodeB. <CIT> discloses a method for performing a random access procedure, wherein a wireless transmit/receive unit is configured to receive a plurality of RA resource sets, where each of the plurality of RA resource sets is associated with a node-B directional beam, select multiple RA resource sets from among the plurality of RA resource sets based on the node-B directional beams, and initiate an RA procedure based on the selected multiple RA resource sets. The <NPL>, discloses different scenarios for PRACH procedures.

In addition to beam switching and power ramping, the present application proposes to allow the UE to switch PRACH resources for a PRACH retransmission, so that power ramping may be applied less frequently and the interference on other UEs may be reduced. A User Equipment and a method according to the invention are defined by the independent claims.

In a first aspect of the application, a User Equipment (UE) comprising a wireless transceiver and a controller is provided.

In a second aspect of the application, a method for a PRACH retransmission, executed by a UE wirelessly connected to a cellular station, is provided.

Other aspects and features of the present application will become apparent to those with ordinarily skill in the art upon review of the following descriptions of specific embodiments of the UEs, cellular stations, and the methods for a PRACH retransmission.

The application can be more fully understood by reading the subsequent detailed description and examples with references made to the accompanying drawings, wherein:.

The following description is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the application and should not be taken in a limiting sense. It should be understood that the embodiments may be realized in software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes" and/or "including," when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

<FIG> is a block diagram of a wireless communication environment according to an embodiment of the application. The wireless communication environment <NUM> includes a User Equipment (UE) <NUM> and a <NUM> NR network <NUM>, wherein the UE <NUM> is wirelessly connected to the <NUM> NR network <NUM>.

The UE <NUM> may be a feature phone, a smartphone, a panel Personal Computer (PC), a laptop computer, or any wireless communication device supporting the cellular technology (i.e., the <NUM> NR technology) utilized by the <NUM> NR network <NUM>. Particularly, the UE <NUM> employs the beamforming technique for wireless transmission and/or reception.

The <NUM> NR network <NUM> includes a Radio Access Network (RAN) <NUM> and a Next Generation Core Network (NG-CN) <NUM>.

The RAN <NUM> is responsible for processing radio signals, terminating radio protocols, and connecting the UE <NUM> with the NG-CN <NUM>. In addition, the RAN <NUM> is responsible for periodically broadcasting the minimum SI, and providing the other SI by periodic broadcasting or at the request of the UE <NUM>. The RAN <NUM> may include one or more cellular stations, such as gNBs, which support high frequency bands (e.g., above <NUM>), and each gNB may further include one or more Transmission Reception Points (TRPs), wherein each gNB or TRP may be referred to as a <NUM> cellular station. Some gNB functions may be distributed across different TRPs, while others may be centralized, leaving the flexibility and scope of specific deployments to fulfill the requirements for specific cases.

The NG-CN <NUM> generally consists of various network functions, including Access and Mobility Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Policy Control Function (PCF), Application Function (AF), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), User Plane Function (UPF), and User Data Management (UDM), wherein each network function may be implemented as a network element on a dedicated hardware, or as a software instance running on a dedicated hardware, or as a virtualized function instantiated on an appropriate platform, e.g., a cloud infrastructure.

The AMF provides UE-based authentication, authorization, mobility management, etc. The SMF is responsible for session management and allocates Internet Protocol (IP) addresses to UEs. It also selects and controls the UPF for data transfer. If a UE has multiple sessions, different SMFs may be allocated to each session to manage them individually and possibly provide different functions per session. The AF provides information on the packet flow to PCF responsible for policy control in order to support Quality of Service (QoS). Based on the information, the PCF determines policies about mobility and session management to make the AMF and the SMF operate properly. The AUSF stores data for authentication of UEs, while the UDM stores subscription data of UEs.

It should be understood that the <NUM> NR network <NUM> depicted in <FIG> is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. The application may also be applied to other cellular technologies, such as a future enhancement of the <NUM> NR technology.

<FIG> is a block diagram illustrating the UE <NUM> according to an embodiment of the application. The UE <NUM> includes a wireless transceiver <NUM>, a controller <NUM>, a storage device <NUM>, a display device <NUM>, and an Input/Output (I/O) device <NUM>.

The wireless transceiver <NUM> is configured to perform wireless transmission and reception to and from the RAN <NUM>. Specifically, the wireless transceiver <NUM> includes a Radio Frequency (RF) device <NUM>, a baseband processing device <NUM>, and antenna(s) <NUM>, wherein the antenna(s) <NUM> may include one or more antennas for beamforming. The baseband processing device <NUM> is configured to perform baseband signal processing and control the communications between subscriber identity card(s) (not shown) and the RF device <NUM>. The baseband processing device <NUM> may contain multiple hardware components to perform the baseband signal processing, including Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC)/Digital-to-Analog Conversion (DAC), gain adjusting, modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, and so on. The RF device <NUM> may receive RF wireless signals via the antenna(s) <NUM>, convert the received RF wireless signals to baseband signals, which are processed by the baseband processing device <NUM>, or receive baseband signals from the baseband processing device <NUM> and convert the received baseband signals to RF wireless signals, which are later transmitted via the antenna(s) <NUM>. The RF device <NUM> may also contain multiple hardware devices to perform radio frequency conversion. For example, the RF device <NUM> may include a mixer to multiply the baseband signals with a carrier oscillated in the radio frequency of the supported cellular technologies, wherein the radio frequency may be any radio frequency (e.g., <NUM>~<NUM> for mmWave) utilized in the <NUM> NR technology, or another radio frequency, depending on the cellular technology in use.

The controller <NUM> may be a general-purpose processor, a Micro Control Unit (MCU), an application processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), or the like, which includes various circuits for providing the functions of data processing and computing, controlling the wireless transceiver <NUM> for wireless communications with the RAN <NUM>, storing and retrieving data (e.g., program code) to and from the storage device <NUM>, sending a series of frame data (e.g. representing text messages, graphics, images, etc.) to the display device <NUM>, and receiving/outputting signals from/to the I/O device <NUM>. In particular, the controller <NUM> coordinates the aforementioned operations of the wireless transceiver <NUM>, the storage device <NUM>, the display device <NUM>, and the I/O device <NUM> for performing the method for a PRACH retransmission.

In another embodiment, the controller <NUM> may be incorporated into the baseband processing device <NUM>, to serve as a baseband processor.

As will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art, the circuits of the controller <NUM> will typically include transistors that are configured in such a way as to control the operation of the circuits in accordance with the functions and operations described herein. As will be further appreciated, the specific structure or interconnections of the transistors will typically be determined by a compiler, such as a Register Transfer Language (RTL) compiler. RTL compilers may be operated by a processor upon scripts that closely resemble assembly language code, to compile the script into a form that is used for the layout or fabrication of the ultimate circuitry. Indeed, RTL is well known for its role and use in the facilitation of the design process of electronic and digital systems.

The storage device <NUM> is a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, including a memory, such as a FLASH memory or a Non-Volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM), or a magnetic storage device, such as a hard disk or a magnetic tape, or an optical disc, or any combination thereof for storing instructions and/or program code of applications, communication protocols, and/or the methods for a PRACH retransmission.

The display device <NUM> may be a Liquid-Crystal Display (LCD), a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) display, or an Electronic Paper Display (EPD), etc., for providing a display function. Alternatively, the display device <NUM> may further include one or more touch sensors disposed thereon or thereunder for sensing touches, contacts, or approximations of objects, such as fingers or styluses.

The I/O device <NUM> may include one or more buttons, a keyboard, a mouse, a touch pad, a video camera, a microphone, and/or a speaker, etc., to serve as the Man-Machine Interface (MMI) for interaction with users, such as receiving user inputs, and outputting prompts to users.

It should be understood that the components described in the embodiment of <FIG> are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. For example, the UE <NUM> may include more components, such as a power supply, or a Global Positioning System (GPS) device, wherein the power supply may be a mobile/replaceable battery providing power to all the other components of the UE <NUM>, and the GPS device may provide the location information of the UE <NUM> for use of some location-based services or applications.

<FIG> and <FIG> show a flow chart illustrating the method for a PRACH retransmission according to an embodiment of the application. In this embodiment, the method for a PRACH retransmission is applied to a UE (e.g., the UE <NUM>) wirelessly connected to a cellular station (e.g., a gNB or TRP of the RAN <NUM>), and the PRACH transmission/retransmission refers to transmission/retransmission of the message-<NUM> (i.e., random access preamble) of a RACH procedure.

To begin, the UE uses first PRACH resources to perform a first PRACH transmission or retransmission (step S310). In one embodiment, the UE may initiate a RACH procedure by performing the first PRACH transmission. In another embodiment, the UE may perform the first PRACH retransmission during a RACH procedure.

Each of the first PRACH resources may include one or more PRACH preambles and/or one or more RACH occasions, wherein each RACH occasion refers to the time-frequency resource on which the message-<NUM> of a RACH procedure is transmitted using the configured PRACH preamble format with a single particular Tx beam (or called a spatial domain transmission filter).

Next, for a second PRACH retransmission subsequent to the first PRACH transmission or retransmission, the UE determines whether at least one of the following conditions is satisfied (step S320).

Specifically, the conditions include: (<NUM>) the measurement result of the downlink reference signal associated with the first PRACH resources is better than the measurement result of the downlink reference signal associated with the second PRACH resources, wherein the downlink reference signal may include a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), or a Synchronization Signal/Physical Broadcast Channel block (SSB); (<NUM>) the next occurrence of the second PRACH resources is closer to the current time than the next occurrence of the first PRACH resources (i.e., the second PRACH resources come earlier than the first PRACH resources); (<NUM>) the transmission power used for the first PRACH transmission or retransmission equals the maximum transmission power of the UE (which may be configured by the cellular station and/or by the UE), while the total number of PRACH transmissions or retransmissions has not reached the maximum transmission number configured by the cellular station; and (<NUM>) the Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state associated with the search space for monitoring a response to the first PRACH transmission or retransmission has been changed.

Subsequent to step S320, if at least one of the aforementioned conditions is satisfied, the UE switches to use second PRACH resources which are associated with a different downlink reference signal (e.g., a CSI-RS or SSB) than the one associated with the first PRACH resources to perform the second PRACH retransmission (step S330). Next, the UE increments the preamble transmission counter (i.e., PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER in the 3GPP specification TS <NUM>) by one and does not increment the power ramping counter (i.e., PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_COUNTER in the 3GPP specification TS <NUM>) in response to the second PRACH retransmission (step S340), and the method ends. That is, by switching to use PRACH resources associated with a different downlink reference signal than the one previously selected, the UE does not need to increase the transmission power for the second retransmission.

Please note that, in the present application, the association between the downlink reference signals and the PRACH resources is configured for indicating the downlink reference signal selected by UE to the cellular station when a PRACH preamble is transmitted by the UE and detected by the cellular station.

Subsequent to step S320, if none of the aforementioned conditions is satisfied, the UE switches to use third PRACH resources which are associated with the same downlink reference signal (e.g., a CSI-RS or SSB) associated with the first PRACH resources to perform the second PRACH retransmission (step S350). Next, the UE increments the preamble transmission counter by one in response to the second PRACH retransmission (step S360), and determines whether the first PRACH transmission or retransmission and the second PRACH retransmission are performed on the same beam or on different beams (i.e., using the same spatial domain transmission filter or different spatial domain transmission filters) (step S370).

Subsequent to step S370, if the first PRACH transmission or retransmission and the second PRACH retransmission are performed on different beams, the UE does not increment the power ramping counter (step S380). That is, by beam switching and PRACH resource switching (switching to use PRACH resources associated with the same downlink reference signal as the one previously selected), the UE does not need to increase the transmission power for the second retransmission. Otherwise, if the first PRACH transmission or retransmission and the second PRACH retransmission are performed on the same beam, the UE increments the power ramping counter by one (step S390), and the method ends. That is, despite switching to use PRACH resources associated with the same downlink reference signal as the one previously selected, the UE needs to increases the transmission power for the second retransmission since it stays on the same beam.

Likewise, each of the second and third PRACH resources may include one or more PRACH preambles and/or one or more RACH occasions, wherein each RACH occasion refers to the time-frequency resource on which the message-<NUM> of a RACH procedure is transmitted using the configured PRACH preamble format with a single particular Tx beam (or called a spatial domain transmission filter).

<FIG> is a schematic diagram illustrating switching PRACH resources for a PRACH retransmission according to an embodiment of the application.

In this embodiment, there is an association between the downlink reference signals and the PRACH resources. For example, the first SSB is associated with the first PRACH resources, the second SSB is associated with the second PRACH resources, the third SSB is associated with the third PRACH resources, and the fourth SSB is associated with the fourth PRACH resources.

As shown in <FIG>, during a RACH procedure, The UE uses the third PRACH resources to perform a PRACH transmission/retransmission (e.g., message-<NUM> transmission) on a Tx beam (or called a spatial domain transmission filter), but no response (e.g., random access response) to the PRACH transmission/retransmission is received. Subsequently, the UE switches to use the first PRACH resources to perform a PRACH retransmission on the same Tx beam (i.e., using the same spatial domain transmission filter), and the RACH procedure ends when receiving a response to the PRACH retransmission.

Claim 1:
A User Equipment,UE (<NUM>), comprising:
a wireless transceiver (<NUM>), configured to perform wireless transmission and reception to and from a cellular station; and
a controller (<NUM>), configured to use first Physical Random Access Channel, PRACH, resources to perform a first PRACH transmission or retransmission, and switch to use second PRACH resources to perform a second PRACH retransmission subsequent to the first PRACH transmission or retransmission,
wherein, when the first PRACH resources and the second PRACH resources are associated with the same downlink reference signal, the controller (<NUM>) is further configured to increment a preamble transmission counter by one in response to the second PRACH retransmission, determine whether the first PRACH transmission or retransmission and the second PRACH retransmission are performed on the same beam or on different beams, increment a power ramping counter by one in response to the first PRACH transmission or retransmission and the second PRACH retransmission being performed on the same beam, and not increment the power ramping counter in response to the first PRACH transmission or retransmission and the second PRACH retransmission being performed on different beams,
wherein, when the first PRACH resources and the second PRACH resources are associated with different downlink reference signals, the step of switching to use the second PRACH resources for the second PRACH retransmission is performed under at least one of the following conditions:
a first measurement result of the downlink reference signal associated with the first PRACH resources is better than a second measurement result of the downlink reference signal associated with the second PRACH resources;
a next occurrence of the second PRACH resources is closer to the current time than a next occurrence of the first PRACH resources;
a first transmission power used for the first PRACH transmission or retransmission equals a maximum transmission power of the UE (<NUM>), while a total number of PRACH transmissions or retransmissions has not reached a maximum transmission number configured by the cellular station; and
a Transmission Configuration Indication, TCI, state associated with a search space for monitoring a response to the first PRACH transmission or retransmission has been changed.