Patent Description:
Chronic infection of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious public health problem worldwide, with more than <NUM> million people chronically infected worldwide. HBV belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. Following entry into hepatocyte, its viral genome is delivered into nucleus where a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is formed through DNA repair of partially double-stranded viral genomecccDNA serves as the template for transcription of viral RNAs. Viral pre-genomic RNA interacts with other two viral components, capsid protein and polymerase to form capsid particles where viral DNA replication occurs. HBV has an icosahedral core comprising of <NUM> copies of the capsid (or core) protein. The predominant biological function of capsid protein is to act as a structural protein to encapsidate pre-genomic RNA and form immature capsid particles in the cytoplasm. This step is prerequisite for viral DNA replication. When a near full-length relaxed circular DNA is formed through reverse-transcription of viral pregenomic RNA, an immature capsid becomes a mature capsid. Most copies of the encapsidated genome efficiently associate with cellular lipids and viral envelope proteins (S, M, and L) for virion assembly and secretion. However, non-infectious particles are also produced that greatly outnumber the infectious virions. These empty, enveloped particles are referred to as subviral particles (SVPs). The S, M, and L envelope proteins are expressed from a single ORF (open reading frame) that contains three different start codons. All three proteins share a 226aa sequence, the S-domain, at their C-termini. S-domain contains the HBsAg epitope (<NPL>).

Many observations showed that several HBV viral proteins could counteract the initial host cellular response by interfering with the viral recognition signaling system and subsequently the interferon (IFN) antiviral activity. Among these, the excessive secretion of HBV empty subviral particles may participate to the maintenance of the immunological tolerant state observed in chronically infected patients (CHB). The persistent exposure to HBsAg and other viral antigens can lead to HBV-specific T-cell deletion or to progressive functional impairment (<NPL>; <NPL>; <NPL>;). Moreover HBsAg has been reported to suppress the function of immune cells such as monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells by direct interaction (<NPL>; <NPL>; <NPL>; <NPL>).

HBsAg quantification is a biomarker for prognosis and treatment response in chronic hepatitis B. HBsAg loss and seroconversion is the goal for clinical cure, but is rarely observed in chronically infected patients. Current therapy such as Nucleos(t)ide analogues that inhibit HBV DNA synthesis does not directly affect HBsAg level. Nucleos(t)ide analogs, even with prolonged therapy, have demonstrated very low rates of HBsAg clearance comparable to those observed naturally (<NPL>; <NPL>; <NPL>).

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect a wide range of conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). They play an important role of sensing invading pathogens and subsequent initiation of innate immune responses. There are <NUM> known members of the TLR family in human, which are type I transmembrane proteins featuring an extracellular leucine-rich domain and a cytoplasmic tail that contains a conserved Toll/ interleukin (IL)-<NUM> receptor (TIR) domain. Within this family, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 are located within endosomes. TLR7 can be activated by binding to a specific small molecule ligand (i.e., TLR7 agonist) or its native ligand (i.e., single-stranded RNA, ssRNA). Following binding of ssRNA to TLR7, the receptor in its dimerized form is believed to undergo a structural change leading to the subsequent recruitment of adapter proteins at its cytoplasmic domain, including the myeloid differentiation primary response gene <NUM> (MyD88). Following the initiation of the receptor signalling cascade via the MyD88 pathway, cytoplasmic transcription factors such as interferon regulatory factor <NUM> (IRF-<NUM>) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) are activated. These transcription factors then translocate to the nucleus and initiate the transcription of various genes, e.g., IFN-α and other antiviral cytokine genes. TLR7 is predominately expressed on plasmacytoid cells, and also on B-cells. Altered responsiveness of immune cells might contribute to the reduced innate immune responses during chronic viral infections. Agonist-induced activation of TLR7 might therefore represent a novel approach for the treatment of chronic viral infections. (<NPL>, <NPL>).

Treatment with an oral TLR7 agonist represents a promising solution to provide greater efficacy with better tolerability. Pegylated IFN-α (PEG-IFN-α) is currently used to treat chronic HBV and is an alternative to potentially life-long treatment with antiviral nucleos(t)ide analogues. In a subset of chronic HBV patients, PEG-IFN-α therapy can induce sustained immunologic control of the virus following a finite duration of therapy. However, the percentage of HBV patients that achieve seroconversion with interferon therapy is low (up to <NUM>% for HBeAg-positive patients) and the treatment is typically poorly tolerated. Furthermore, functional cure (defined as HBsAg loss and seroconversion) is also very infrequent with both PEG-IFN-α and nucleos(t)ide treatment. Given these limitations, there is an urgent need for improved therapeutic options to treat and induce a functional cure for chronic HBV. Treatment with an oral, small-molecule TLR7 agonist is a promising approach that has the potential to provide greater efficacy and tolerability (<NPL>).

HBV capsid protein plays essential roles in HBV replication. Heteroaryldihydropyrimidines or HAP, including compounds named Bay <NUM>-<NUM>, Bay <NUM>-<NUM> and Bay <NUM>-<NUM>, were discovered in a tissue culture-based screening (<NPL>). These HAP analogs act as synthetic allosteric activators and are able to induce aberrant capsid formation that leads to degradation of the core protein. HAP analogs also reorganized core protein from preassembled capsids into noncapsid polymers, presumably by interaction of HAP with dimers freed during capsid 'breathing', the transitory breaking of individual intersubunit bonds. Bay <NUM>-<NUM> was administered to HBV infected transgenic mouse or humanized mouse models and demonstrated in vivo efficacy with HBV DNA reduction (<NPL>; <NPL>). It was also shown that bis-ANS, a small molecule that acts as a molecular 'wedge' and interferes with normal capsid-protein geometry and capsid formation (<NPL>).

Now, the standard of clinic cure of HBV infection is the loss and/or seroconversion of HBsAg. Even though PEG-IFN-α and nucleos(t)ide are available to HBV patients, the majority (around or more than <NUM>%) of treated patients fail to achieve this goal, which is mainly due to fact that the current therapies cannot elicit the appearance of neutralizing antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs), a sign of resolution of HBV infection, in most chronically infected patients. Hence, there is certainly a medical need for treatments with improved success rate of inducing HBsAg loss and/or seroconversion and promoting the production of anti-HBs.

<CIT> is directed to <NUM>,<NUM>-disubstituted and <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-trisubstituted-<NUM>-H-oxazolo and <NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-one compounds and prodrugs thereof that have immunomodulatory activity.

<CIT> relates to a method for treating disease such as viral infections, tumors, and cancers, comprising administering a TLR7 agonist or TLR7 agonist prodrug according to a cyclical dosing schedule having a dosing period and a resting period.

<CIT> relates to a method of inhibiting, suppressing or preventing HBV infection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound.

The dependent claims depict other embodiments of the invention. Any embodiment not falling under the scope of the appended claims does not form part of the invention.

The present invention relates to a TLR7 agonist and an HBV capsid assembly inhibitor for use in the treatment of hepatitis B infection. The "TLR7 agonist" herein is [(<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>,4R,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate; or <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-[(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxy-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dione. The HBV capsid assembly inhibitor herein is <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl] -<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

As used herein, the term "C<NUM>-<NUM>alkyl" refers to a monovalent linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon group of <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms. In particular embodiments, C<NUM>-<NUM>alkyl has <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, and in more particular embodiments <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms. Examples of C<NUM>-<NUM>alkyl include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl.

As used herein, the term "halo" or "halogen" are used interchangeably herein and refer to fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo.

As used herein, the term "C<NUM>-<NUM>alkoxy" refers to a group of C<NUM>-<NUM>alkyl-O-, wherein the "C<NUM>-<NUM>alkyl" is as defined above; for example methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, <NUM>-butoxy, and tert-butoxy. Particular "C<NUM>-<NUM>alkoxy" groups are methoxy and ethoxy and more particularly methoxy.

As used herein, the term "C<NUM>-<NUM>cycloalkyl" refers to a saturated carbon ring containing from <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, particularly from <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl. Particular "C<NUM>-<NUM>cycloalkyl" groups are cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.

As used herein, the term "C<NUM>-<NUM>alkenyl" refers to an unsaturated, linear or branched chain alkenyl group containing <NUM> to <NUM>, particularly <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, for example vinyl, propenyl, allyl, and and butenyl. Particular "C<NUM>-<NUM>alkenyl" group is allyl.

As used herein, the term "C<NUM>-<NUM>alkynyl" refers to an unsaturated, linear or branched chain alkynyl group containing <NUM> to <NUM>, particularly <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, for example ethynyl, <NUM>-propynyl, propargyl, and butynyl. Particular "C<NUM>-<NUM>alkynyl" groups are ethynyl, <NUM>-propynyl and propargyl.

As used herein, the term "heterocyclic" ring or "heterocyclyl" refers to a saturated or partly unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic ring containing from <NUM> to <NUM> ring atoms which can comprise one, two or three atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur. Examples of monocyclic heterocyclyl rings containing in particular from <NUM> to <NUM> ring atoms include aziridinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, azepinyl, diazepanyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, dihydrofuryl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl and thiomorpholinyl. Bicyclic heterocyclyl can be bicyclic fused ring or bicyclic bridged ring. Examples for bicyclic heterocyclyl are <NUM>-aza-bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octyl, quinuclidinyl, <NUM>-oxa-<NUM>-aza-bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octyl, <NUM>-aza-bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]nonyl, <NUM>-oxa-<NUM>-aza-bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]nonyl, <NUM>-thia-<NUM>-aza-bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]nonyl, or difluoroazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octyl. Monocyclic and bicyclic heterocyclyl can be further substituted by halogen, C<NUM>-<NUM>alkyl, cyano, carboxy, carboxyC<NUM>-<NUM>alkyl.

The term "heterocyclic amino" refers to an amino group with the nitrogen atom on the heterocyclic ring, wherein "heterocyclic" ring is as defined above.

As used herein, the term "diastereomer" refers to a stereoisomer with two or more centers of chirality and whose molecules are not mirror images of one another. Diastereomers have different physical properties, e.g. melting points, boiling points, spectral properties, activities and reactivities.

As used herein, the term "enantiomers" refers to two stereoisomers of a compound which are non-superimposable mirror images of one another.

As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refers to salts which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include both acid and base addition salts.

As used herein, the term "prodrug" refers to a form or derivative of a compound which is metabolized in vivo, e.g., by biological fluids or enzymes by a subject after administration, into a pharmacologically active form of the compound in order to produce the desired pharmacological effect. Prodrugs are described e.g. in the <NPL>.

The term "pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt" refers to those pharmaceutically acceptable salts formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, and organic acids selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic, heterocyclic, carboxylic, and sulfonic classes of organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, maloneic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, aspartic acid, ascorbic acid, glutamic acid, anthranilic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, embonic acid, phenylacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and salicyclic acid.

The term "pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt" refers to those pharmaceutically acceptable salts formed with an organic or inorganic base. Examples of acceptable inorganic bases include sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and aluminum salts. Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic nontoxic bases includes salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, ethanolamine, <NUM>-diethylaminoethanol, trimethamine, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, purines, piperizine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, and polyamine resins.

Compounds of the general formula (I) which contain one or several chiral centers can either be present as racemates, diastereomeric mixtures, or optically active single isomers. The racemates can be separated according to known methods into the enantiomers. Particularly, diastereomeric salts which can be separated by crystallization are formed from the racemic mixtures by reaction with an optically active acid such as e.g. D- or L-tartaric acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, lactic acid or camphorsulfonic acid.

As used herein, "combo" refers to combination.

As used herein, "RT-PCR" refers to Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

As used herein, "CLIA" refers to chemiluminescence immunoassay.

As used herein, "AAV" refers to adeno-associated virus.

As used herein, "AAV-HBV" refers to a recombinant virus that carries <NUM> copies of the HBV genome packaged in AAV capsids. A chronicle HBV infection mouse model can be established by injecting mice with AAV-HBV through tail vein injection. In this mouse model, active HBV replication results in persist HBV viral markers (e.g., HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, etc.).

As used herein, "HBsAg" refers to hepatitis B surface antigen.

As used herein, "HBeAg" refers to hepatitis B e antigen.

As used herein, "anti-HBs" refers to antibodies against HBsAg.

As used herein, "HBV specific primers" refers to a pair of single-stranded nucleic acid that serves as starting and ending points for specific amplification of HBV DNA regions.

As used herein, "TLR7" refers to the Toll-like receptor <NUM> of any species of origin (e.g., human, murine, woodchuck etc.).

As used herein, "TLR7 agonist" refers to a compound that acts as an agonist of TLR7. Unless otherwise indicated, a TLR7 agonist can include the compound in any pharmaceutically acceptable form, including any isomer (e.g., diastereomer or enantiomer), salt, solvate, polymorph, and the like. The TLR agonism for a particular compound may be determined in any suitable manner. For example, assays for detecting TLR agonism of test compounds are described, for example, in <CIT>, and recombinant cell lines suitable for use in such assays are described, for example, in <CIT>.

The present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a TLR7 agonist and an HBV capsid assembly inhibitor, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the TLR7 agonist [(<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>,4R,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>, <NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl] methyl] -<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection, which are co-administered in the same formulation or different formulation.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the TLR7 agonist [(<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>,4R,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>, <NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl] methyl] -<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection, which are intended for administration to a subject by the same route or different routes.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the TLR7 agonist [(<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>,4R,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection, which are intended for administration to a subject by parenteral or oral administration.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the TLR7 agonist [(<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>,4R,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection, wherein the administration is simultaneous or sequential.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the TLR7 agonist <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-[(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxy-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dione and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection, which are co-administered in the same formulation or different formulation.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the TLR7 agonist <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-[(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxy-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dione and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection, which are intended for administration to a subject by the same route or different routes.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the TLR7 agonist <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-[(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxy-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dione and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection, which are intended for administration to a subject by parenteral or oral administration.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the TLR7 agonist <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-[(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxy-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dione and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection, wherein the administration is simultaneous or sequential.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the TLR7 agonist [(<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>,4R,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate, which is administered simultaneous with the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the TLR7 agonist [(<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>,4R,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate, which is administered sequentially with the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid, which is administered simultaneous with the TLR7 agonist [(<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>,4R,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid, which is administered sequentially with the TLR7 agonist [(<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>,4R,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the TLR7 agonist <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-[(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxy-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dione, which is administered simultaneous with the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the TLR7 agonist <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-[(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxy-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dione, which is administered sequentially with the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid, which is administered simultaneous with the TLR7 agonist <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-[(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxy-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d] pyrimidine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dione.

One embodiment of present invention relates to the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid, which is administered sequentially with the TLR7 agonist <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-[(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxy-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dione for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection.

In one reference embodiment of present invention, a "TLR7 agonist" is a compound of formula (I):
<CHM>
wherein.

In another reference embodiment of present invention, a "TLR7 agonist" is a compound of formula (II):
<CHM>
wherein.

More particularly, the TLR7 agonist according to present application relates to [(<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>,4R,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate; and as references: [(S)-[(<NUM>,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolan-<NUM>-yl]-cyclopropyl-methyl] acetate; <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-(<NUM>'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-one; <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-(<NUM>'-O-acetyl-<NUM>'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-one; <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-(<NUM>'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>,<NUM>-dione; or [(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-acetoxypropyl]-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>,<NUM>-dioxo-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl] acetate ;or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof. In another reference embodiment, a "TLR7 agonist" also relates to anyone of the compounds disclosed in patent <CIT>. After administration, compounds of formula (I) or formula (II) or compounds in <CIT> are metabolized into their active forms which are useful TLR7 agonists.

As used herein, "hepatitis B virus" or "HBV" refers to a member of the Hepadnaviridae family having a small double-stranded DNA genome of approximately <NUM>,<NUM> base pairs and a tropism for liver cells. "HBV" includes hepatitis B virus that infects any of a variety of mammalian (e.g., human, non-human primate, etc.) and avian (duck, etc.) hosts. "HBV" includes any known HBV genotype, e.g., serotype A, B, C, D, E, F, and G; any HBV serotype or HBV subtype; any HBV isolate; HBV variants, e.g., HBeAg-negative variants, and drug-resistant HBV variants (e.g., lamivudine-resistant variants; adefovir-resistant mutants; tenofovir-resistant mutants; entecavir-resistant mutants; etc.).

As used herein, "HBV capsid assembly inhibitor" refers to a compound that inhibits and/or disrupt and/or accelerates and/or hinders and/or delays and or reduces and/or modifies normal HBV capsid assembly (e.g., during maturation) and/or normal capsid disassembly (e.g., during infectivity) and/or perturbs capsid stability, thereby inducing aberrant capsid morphology and function.

In one reference embodiment of present invention, the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor is a compound of formula (III):
<CHM>
wherein.

More particularly the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor according to present application relates to <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(4R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid; and reference compounds: <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl] methyl] -<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, 8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid; <NUM>-[(1R,<NUM>,<NUM>)-<NUM>-[[(4R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-methoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-difluoro-<NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octan-<NUM>-yl]acetic acid; <NUM>-[(<NUM>,3R,5R)-<NUM>-[[(4R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-methoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-difluoro-<NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octan-<NUM>-yl]acetic acid (disclosed in <CIT>); or (S)-<NUM>-[(R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-Chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-methoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydro-pyrimidin-<NUM>-ylmethyl]-morpholine-<NUM>-carboxylic acid; or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof. In another reference embodiment, an "HBV capsid assembly inhibitor" more particularly is anyone of the compounds disclosed in patent <CIT>, <CIT> and <CIT>.

In one embodiment of present application, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a TLR7 agonist and an HBV capsid assembly inhibitor, wherein TLR7 agonist and HBV capsid assembly inhibitor are independently selected from Table <NUM>: (Compound <NUM> and <NUM> were disclosed in patent <CIT>; Compound <NUM> and <NUM> were disclosed in patent <CIT>; Compound <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> were disclosed in patent <CIT>; Compound <NUM> was disclosed in patent <CIT>).

More particularly, the present application relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a TLR7 agonist and an HBV capsid assembly inhibitor which is selected from any one of the following reference combinations:.

The Compound <NUM> to <NUM> of the above said combination can be replaced by its corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer, which is another aspect of this invention.

The Compound <NUM> of the above said combination can be replaced by its corresponding mono, double or triple prodrugs, such as:
<CHM>
<CHM>
and their pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer.

In one embodiment of present application, the pharmaceutical composition consists of a TLR7 agonist and an HBV capsid assembly inhibitor, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. More particularly, the composition consists of:.

In another embodiment of present application, the pharmaceutical composition consists of a TLR7 agonist and an HBV capsid assembly inhibitor, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, most particularly, the composition consists of:.

In another embodiment of present applicaton, other TLR7 agonists or HBV capsid assembly inhibitors can also be used in the pharmaceutical composition including small molecules or large molecules. Examples of other TLR7 agonists include, but not limited to, Imiquimod, Resiquimod, PF-<NUM>, SM-<NUM>, ANA975, ANA773 and GS9620. Examples of other HBV capsid assembly inhibitors include, but not limited to, Bay <NUM>-<NUM>, Bay <NUM>-<NUM>, Bay <NUM>-<NUM>, GLS4, AT-<NUM> and AT-<NUM>.

In another embodiment of present application, the pharmaceutical composition can additionally comprise one or more other antiviral agents, which include, but not limited to, lamivudine, adefovir, tenofovir, telbivudine and entecavir.

Typical dosages of a TLR7 agonist and/or an HBV capsid assembly inhibitor can be in the ranges recommended by the manufacturer, and where indicated by in vitro responses in an animal models, can be reduced by up to about one order of magnitude concentration or amount. Thus, the actual dosage will depend upon the judgment of the physician, the condition of the patient, and the effectiveness of the therapeutic method based on the in vitro responsiveness of the appropriate animal models.

Another embodiment of present application relates to a method for manufacturing a medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection, characterized in that a TLR7 agonist and an HBV capsid assembly inhibitor are used in the medicament.

A further embodiment of present application relates to the method for manufacturing a medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection, characterized in that the TLR7 agonist and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor are co-administered in the same formulation or different formulation.

For purposes of the present invention, "co-administer" refers to any administration of the TLR7 agonist and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor as the two active agents, either separately or together, where the two active agents are administered as part of an appropriate dose regimen designed to obtain the benefit of the combination therapy. Thus, the two active agents can be administered either as part of the same pharmaceutical composition or in separate pharmaceutical compositions. Also, the two active agents can be administered either at the same time, or sequentially.

The TLR7 agonist and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor can be administered with various pharmaceutically acceptable inert carriers in the form of tablets, capsules, lozengens, troches, hard candies, powders, sprays, creams, salves, suppositories, jellies, gels, pastes, lotions, ointments, elixirs, syrups, and the like. Administration of such dosage forms can be carried out in single or multiple doses. Carries include solid diluents of fillers, sterile aqueous media and various non-toxic organic solvents. Administration of such dosage forms can be carried out through, but not limited to, oral administration, parenteral administration, veterinary administration.

A further embodiment of present application relates to the method for manufacturing a medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection, characterized in that the TLR7 agonist and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor are intended for administration to a subject by the same route or different routes.

A further embodiment of present application relates to the method for manufacturing a medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection, characterized in that the TLR7 agonist and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor are intended for administration to a subject by parenteral or oral administration.

A further embodiment of present application relates to the method for manufacturing a medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection, characterized in that the administration of TLR7 agonist and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor to a subject is simultaneous or sequential. In any of the methods of the present application, the administration of agents simultaneously can be performed by separately or sequentially administering agents at the same time, or together as a fixed combination. Also, in any of the methods of the present invention, the administration of agents separately or sequentially can be in any order.

Another embodiment of present application relates to the method for manufacturing a medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection, characterized in that TLR7 agonist thereof is a compound of formula (I) or formula (II), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof. Particularly, the TLR7 agonist is [(<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>,4R,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate; [(S)-[(<NUM>,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolan-<NUM>-yl]-cyclopropyl-methyl] acetate; <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-(<NUM>'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-one; <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-(<NUM>'-O-acetyl-<NUM>'-deoxy-(<NUM>-β-ribofuranosyl)-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-one; <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-(<NUM>'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>,<NUM>-dione; or [(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-acetoxypropyl]-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>,<NUM>-dioxo-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl] acetate ; or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment of present application relates to the method for manufacturing a medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection, characterized in that the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor thereof is a compound of formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof. Particularly, the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor is.

Another embodiment of present application relates to the method for manufacturing a medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection, characterized in that the medicament additionally comprising one or more other antiviral agents, which include, but not limited to, lamivudine, adefovir, tenofovir, telbivudine and entecavir.

Another embodiment of present application relates to the method for manufacturing a medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection, wherein the TLR7 agonist and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor used in the medicament are:.

Another embodiment of present application relates to a kit comprising a container comprising a TLR7 agonist and an HBV capsid assembly inhibitor, said kit can further comprise a sterile diluent.

A further embodiment of present application relates to the said kit, wherein the kit can further comprise a package insert comprising printed instructions directing the use of a combined treatment of a TLR7 agonist and an HBV capsid assembly inhibitor as a method for treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection.

Another embodiment of present application relates to the said kit, wherein the TLR7 agonist is [(<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>,4R,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate; [(S)-[(<NUM>,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolan-<NUM>-yl]-cyclopropyl-methyl] acetate; <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-(<NUM>'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-one; <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-(<NUM>'-O-acetyl-<NUM>'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-one; <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-(<NUM>'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>,<NUM>-dione; or [(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-acetoxypropyl]-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>,<NUM>-dioxo-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl] acetate; or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof; and/or the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor is <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(4R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid; <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid; <NUM>-[(1R,<NUM>,<NUM>)-<NUM>-[[(4R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-methoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl] methyl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-difluoro-<NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octan-<NUM>-yl]acetic acid; <NUM>-[(<NUM>,3R,5R)-<NUM>-[[(4R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-methoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl] methyl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-difluoro-<NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octan-<NUM>-yl]acetic acid; or (S)-<NUM>-[(R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-Chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-methoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydro-pyrimidin-<NUM>-ylmethyl]-morpholine-<NUM>-carboxylic acid; or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment of present application relates to the said kit, wherein the TLR7 agonist and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor used in the container are:.

Another embodiment of present application relates to a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection, comprising administration to a subject with an effective first amount of a TLR7 agonist, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof; and a second amount of HBV capsid assembly inhibitor, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof; wherein the TLR7 agonist is [(<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>,4R,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate; [(S)-[(<NUM>,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolan-<NUM>-yl]-cyclopropyl-methyl] acetate; <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-(<NUM>'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-one; <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-(<NUM>'-O-acetyl-<NUM>'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-one; <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-(<NUM>'-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>,<NUM>-dione; or [(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-acetoxypropyl]-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>,<NUM>-dioxo-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl] acetate; or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof; and/or the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor is <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(4R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid; <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid; <NUM>-[(1R,<NUM>,<NUM>)-<NUM>-[[(4R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-methoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl] methyl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-difluoro-<NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octan-<NUM>-yl]acetic acid; <NUM>-[(<NUM>,3R,5R)-<NUM>-[[(4R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluorophenyl)-<NUM>-methoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl] methyl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-difluoro-<NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octan-<NUM>-yl]acetic acid; or (S)-<NUM>-[(R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-Chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-methoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydro-pyrimidin-<NUM>-ylmethyl]-morpholine-<NUM>-carboxylic acid; or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment of present application relates to use of pharmaceutical composition herein mentioned above as an antiviral medicament, in particular as the medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection.

Another embodiment of present application relates to the use of a TLR7 agonist and an HBV capsid assembly inhibitor for the manufacture of pharmaceutical composition herein mentioned above as an antiviral medicament, in particular the medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection.

The invention will be more fully understood by reference to the following examples. They should not, however, be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Compound <NUM> was prepared through the following scheme:
<CHM>.

To a solution of (<NUM>R)-<NUM>-[(3aR,<NUM>S,6aR)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-3a,<NUM>,<NUM>,6a-tetrahydrofuro[<NUM>,<NUM>-d][<NUM>,<NUM>]dioxol-<NUM>-yl]ethane-<NUM>,<NUM>-diol (compound 1A, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in dry pyridine (<NUM>) was added p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) at <NUM>. After being stirred at room temperature for <NUM> hours, the resulted solution was quenched by water (<NUM>) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc in petroleum ether) to afford <NUM> of [(<NUM>R)-<NUM>-[(3aR,<NUM>S,6aR)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-3a,<NUM>,<NUM>,6a-tetrahydrofuro[<NUM>,<NUM>-d][<NUM>,<NUM>]dioxol-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>-hydroxy-ethyl] <NUM>-methylbenzenesulfonate (compound 1B) as a slight yellow oil.

Compound 1B: <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>) δ ppm: <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>).

To a solution of [(<NUM>R)-<NUM>-[(3aR,<NUM>S,6aR)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-3a,<NUM>,<NUM>,6a-tetrahydrofuro[<NUM>,<NUM>-d][<NUM>,<NUM>]dioxol-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>-hydroxy-ethyl] <NUM>-methylbenzenesulfonate (compound 1B, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in anhydrous THF (<NUM>) cooled at -<NUM> was added potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> in THF) under N<NUM> atmosphere. After being stirred at -<NUM> for <NUM> hour, the reaction mixture was poured into saturated NH<NUM>Cl solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM> and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc in petroleum ether) to afford <NUM> of (3aR,<NUM>S,6aR)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-[(<NUM>R)-oxiran-<NUM>-yl]-3a,<NUM>,<NUM>,6a-tetrahydrofuro[<NUM>,<NUM>-d][<NUM>,<NUM>]dioxole (compound 1C) as a slight yellow oil.

Compound 1C: <NUM>H NMR: (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>) δ ppm: <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, J = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, J = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>).

To a suspension of CuI (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in dry THF (<NUM>) under N<NUM> atmosphere was added methyl magnesium bromide (<NUM> in diethyl ether, <NUM>, <NUM> mol) at -<NUM>. After being stirred at the same temperature for <NUM> hour, a solution of (3aR,<NUM>S,6aR)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-[(<NUM>R)-oxiran-<NUM>-yl]-3a,<NUM>,<NUM>,6a-tetrahydrofuro[<NUM>,<NUM>-d][<NUM>,<NUM>]dioxole (compound 1C, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol, dissolved in anhydrous THF <NUM>) was added to reaction mixture dropwise. After being stirred at -<NUM> for additional <NUM> hours, the reaction mixture was poured into saturated NH<NUM>Cl solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc twice. The combined organic layers were dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM> and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc in petroleum ether) to afford <NUM> of (<NUM>R)-<NUM>-[(3aR,<NUM>S,6aR)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-3a,<NUM>,<NUM>,6a-tetrahydrofuro[<NUM>,<NUM>-d][<NUM>,<NUM>]dioxol-<NUM>-yl]propan-<NUM>-ol (compound 1D) as a slight yellow solid.

Compound 1D: <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>) δ ppm: <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J = <NUM>, <NUM>).

To a stirred solution of (<NUM>R)-<NUM>-[(3aR,<NUM>S,6aR)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-3a,<NUM>,<NUM>,6a-tetrahydrofuro[<NUM>,<NUM>-d][<NUM>,<NUM>]dioxol-<NUM>-yl]propan-<NUM>-ol (compound 1D, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol), triphenylphosphine (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), <NUM>-nitrobenzoic acid (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in THF (<NUM>) was added diethyl azodicarboxylate (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) dropwise at <NUM> under N<NUM>. After being stirred at <NUM> for <NUM> hours, the mixture was quenched by addition of saturated NaHCO<NUM> solution and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers were combined, dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM> and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc in petroleum ether) to afford <NUM> of [(<NUM>S)-<NUM>-[(3aR,<NUM>S,6aR)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-3a,<NUM>,<NUM>,6a-tetrahydrofuro[<NUM>,<NUM>-d][<NUM>,<NUM>]dioxol-<NUM>-yl]propyl] <NUM>-nitrobenzoate (compound 1E) as a slight yellow solid.

Compound 1E: <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>) δ ppm: <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, J = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J= <NUM>, <NUM>).

To a solution of [(<NUM>S)-<NUM>-[(3aR,<NUM>S,6aR)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-3a,<NUM>,<NUM>,6a-tetrahydrofuro[<NUM>,<NUM>-d][<NUM>,<NUM>]dioxol-<NUM>-yl]propyl] <NUM>-nitrobenzoate (compound 1E, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in methanol (<NUM>) was added K<NUM>CO<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). After being stirred at room temperature for <NUM> minutes, the resulted mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc in petroleum ether) to afford <NUM> of (<NUM>S)-<NUM>-[(3aR,<NUM>S,6aR)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-3a,<NUM>,<NUM>,6a-tetrahydrofuro[<NUM>,<NUM>-d][<NUM>,<NUM>]dioxol-<NUM>-yl]propan-<NUM>-ol (compound 1F) as a slight yellow solid.

Compound 1F: <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>) δ ppm: <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J= <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J = <NUM>, <NUM>).

To a stirred solution of (<NUM>S)-<NUM>-[(3aR,<NUM>S,6aR)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-3a,<NUM>,<NUM>,6a-tetrahydrofuro[<NUM>,<NUM>-d][<NUM>,<NUM>]dioxol-<NUM>-yl]propan-<NUM>-ol (compound 1F,<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), TEA (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), DMAP (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in anhydrous DCM (<NUM>) was added acetic anhydride (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). After being stirred at <NUM> for <NUM> hours, the reaction was quenched by the saturated NaHCO<NUM> solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc in petroleum ether) to afford <NUM> of [(<NUM>S)-<NUM>-[(3aR,<NUM>S,6aR)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-3a,<NUM>,<NUM>,6a-tetrahydrofuro[<NUM>,<NUM>-d][<NUM>,<NUM>]dioxol-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate (compound <NUM>) as a colourless oil.

Compound <NUM>: <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>) δ ppm: <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (dt, J = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J = <NUM>, <NUM>).

To a solution of [(<NUM>S)-<NUM>-[(3aR,<NUM>S,6aR)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-3a,<NUM>,<NUM>,6a-tetrahydrofuro[<NUM>,<NUM>-d][<NUM>,<NUM>]dioxol-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate (compound <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol), acetic acid (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and acetic anhydride (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in anhydrous DCM (<NUM>) was added concentrated H<NUM>SO<NUM> (<NUM>) at <NUM>. After being stirred at <NUM> for <NUM> hours, the reaction was quenched by addition of saturated NaHCO<NUM> solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column on silica gel (eluting with <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc in petroleum ether) to afford <NUM> of [(<NUM>R,<NUM>S)-<NUM>-acetoxy-<NUM>-[(<NUM>S)-<NUM>-acetoxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl] acetate (compound <NUM>) as a colourless oil.

Compound <NUM>: <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>) δ ppm: <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J= <NUM>, <NUM>).

To a suspension of <NUM>-amino-<NUM>H-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-one (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in xylene (<NUM>) was added BSA (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at <NUM> for <NUM> hour under argon to form a clear solution. After some of xylene and excrescent BSA were evaporated, [(<NUM>R,<NUM>S)-<NUM>-acetoxy-<NUM>-[(<NUM>S)-<NUM>-acetoxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl] acetate (compound <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and TMSOTf (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) were added in sequence at <NUM>. After being heated with stirring at <NUM> for <NUM> hours, the reaction was quenched with water (<NUM>), extracted with EA (<NUM>) three times. The combined organic layers were dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM> and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column on silica gel (eluting with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc in petroleum ether) to give <NUM> of [(<NUM>R,<NUM>R,<NUM>S)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>S)-<NUM>-acetoxypropyl]-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl] acetate (compound <NUM>) as a white solid.

Compound <NUM>: <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>) δ ppm: <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (br. , <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J = <NUM>, <NUM>).

[(<NUM>R,<NUM>R,<NUM>S)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>S)-<NUM>-acetoxypropyl]-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl] acetate (compound 1I, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and K<NUM>CO<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) were suspended in anhydrous ethanol (<NUM>) at room temperature. Methanol (<NUM>) was added dropwise under N<NUM> atmosphere. After the addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for <NUM> minutes (monitored by TLC). After the reaction, the mixture was poured into saturate NH<NUM>Cl, extracted with EA (<NUM>) four times. The combined organic layers were dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM> concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column on silica gel (eluting with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> MeOH in DCM) to give the crude product, which was further purified by flash column (eluting with acetonitrile and water) to give <NUM> of [(<NUM>S)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>S,<NUM>R,<NUM>R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate (Compound <NUM>) as a white power.

Compound <NUM>: <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, Methanol-d<NUM>) δ ppm: <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM>- <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J = <NUM>, <NUM>). (ESI-) [(M+H)+]: <NUM>.

Compound <NUM> was prepared through following scheme:
<CHM>.

To a stirred solution of ethyl (<NUM>R)-<NUM>-(bromomethyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidine-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 2A, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-hexahydroimidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid (compound 2B, crude, <NUM> mmol) in <NUM>,<NUM>-dichloroethane (<NUM>) was added dropwise DIPEA (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature until the disappearance of compound 2A. The mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (<NUM>) and washed successively with saturated aqueous NH<NUM>Cl solution and brine. The organic layer was separated and dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM>. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the crude product was purified by prep-HPLC to give <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid (Compound <NUM>) as a light yellow solid (<NUM>). <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, Methanol-d<NUM>) ppm <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>). MS: calc'd <NUM> (M+H)+, measured <NUM> (M+H)+.

To a stirred solution of thiazole-<NUM>-carbonitrile (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in <NUM> of dry MeOH was added dropwise a solution of sodium methoxide (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in <NUM> of dry methanol. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature until the disappearance of starting material. Then ammonium chloride (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) was added in one portion and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight. The undissolved material was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated to afford thiazole-<NUM>-carboxamidine hydrochloride (compound 2A-<NUM>, <NUM>) as a grey solid which was used directly in the next step without further purification. MS: calc'd <NUM> (M+H)+, measured <NUM> (M+H)+.

To a stirred solution of thiazole-<NUM>-carboxamidine hydrochloride (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), ethyl acetoacetate (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluorobenzaldehyde (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in trifluoroethanol (<NUM>) was added potassium acetate (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for <NUM> hours. After it was cooled to room temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and then washed with brine. The organic layer was dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM>. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate/petroleum ether: from <NUM>/<NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>) to afford ethyl <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidine-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 2A-<NUM>, <NUM>) as a yellow solid. MS: calc'd (M+H)+ <NUM>, measured (M+H)+ <NUM>.

A chiral separation of racemic compound 2A-<NUM> eluting with a mixed solvent of <NUM>% supercritical CO<NUM> / <NUM>% EtOH at <NUM>/min rate on SFC (SFC-Multigram; IC: <NUM> × <NUM>, 5µ) gave two enantiomers of ethyl (4R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidine-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 2A-2a, faster eluting) and ethyl (<NUM>)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidine-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 2A-2b, slower eluting). The absolute configuration of desired (-)-enantiomer compound 2A-2a ([α]D<NUM> -<NUM> (c <NUM>, MeOH)) was determined by X-ray diffraction study (<FIG>).

To a stirred solution of ethyl (4R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidine-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 2A-2a, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in CCl<NUM> (<NUM>) was added NBS (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in portions. After the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for <NUM> hour, the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give ethyl (<NUM>R)-<NUM>-(bromomethyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidine-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 2A, <NUM>) as a yellow solid. MS: calc'd <NUM> (M+H)+, measured <NUM> (M+H)+.

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (<NUM>)-<NUM>-(hydroxymethyl)piperazine-<NUM>-carboxylate (CAS number: <NUM>-<NUM>-<NUM>, Bepharm; for its synthesis, please refer to: <NPL>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in saturated NaHCO<NUM> (<NUM>) and EtOAc (<NUM>) was added benzyl chloroformate (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) dropwise at <NUM>. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for <NUM> hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (<NUM>). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (<NUM>). The combined organic layers were dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM>. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether : EtOAc = <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM>) to give O1-benzyl O4-tert-butyl (<NUM>)-<NUM>-(hydroxymethyl)piperazine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dicarboxylate (compound 2B-<NUM>, <NUM>). MS: calc'd <NUM> (M+H)+, measured <NUM> (M+H)+.

To a stirred solution of oxalyl chloride (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (<NUM>) at -<NUM> was added dropwise dimethyl sulfoxide (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). After <NUM> minutes, a solution of O1-benzyl O4-tert-butyl (<NUM>)-<NUM>-(hydroxymethyl)piperazine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dicarboxylate (compound 2B-<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in dichloromethane (<NUM>) was added dropwise. After the mixture was stirred for <NUM> minutes at -<NUM>, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for <NUM> minutes. After the reaction mixture was slowly warmed to <NUM> over <NUM> minutes, it was diluted with dichloromethane (<NUM>), washed with <NUM>% aqueous citric acid (<NUM>), brine and then dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM>. After filtration, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to get the crude product O1-benzyl O4-tert-butyl (<NUM>)-<NUM>-formylpiperazine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dicarboxylate (compound 2B-<NUM>, <NUM>). MS: calc'd <NUM> (M+H)+, measured <NUM> (M+H)+.

To a stirred solution of ethyl <NUM>-amino-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoate hydrochloride salt (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in anhydrous DCM (<NUM>) was added DIPEA (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) at room temperature. Then O1-benzyl O4-tert-butyl (<NUM>)-<NUM>-formylpiperazine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dicarboxylate (compound 2B-<NUM>, crude, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) was added, followed by NaBH(OAc)<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and AcOH (<NUM>) at <NUM>. The reaction mixture was stirred for <NUM> hours at room temperature. Water (<NUM>) was added and the mixture was extracted with DCM (<NUM>). The organic layer was dried and concentrated in vacuo to give crude product of O1-benzyl O4-tert-butyl (2R)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>-ethoxy-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-oxo-propyl)amino]methyl]piperazine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dicarboxylate (compound 2B-<NUM>, <NUM>). MS: calc'd <NUM> (M+H)+, measured <NUM> (M+H)+.

To a solution of O1-benzyl O4-tert-butyl (2R)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>-ethoxy-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-oxopropyl)amino]methyl]piperazine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dicarboxylate (compound 2B-<NUM>, crude, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in EtOH (<NUM>) was added <NUM>% palladium on carbon (<NUM>). Then the mixture was stirred at <NUM> for <NUM> hours under hydrogen atmosphere (<NUM> Psi). The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to get the tert-butyl (3R)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>-ethoxy-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-oxopropyl)amino]methyl]piperazine-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 2B-<NUM>, <NUM>). MS: calc'd <NUM> (M+H)+, measured <NUM> (M+H)+.

To a solution of tert-butyl (3R)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>-ethoxy-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-oxopropyl)amino]methyl]piperazine-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 2B-<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (<NUM>) was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) at <NUM>. Then triphosgene (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) was added at <NUM> and the mixture was stirred at <NUM>-<NUM> for <NUM> hours. Water (<NUM>) was added and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (<NUM>). The organic layer was dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM> and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether: EtOAc = <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM>) to give tert-butyl (8aR)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-ethoxy-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-oxo-propyl)-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazine-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 2B-<NUM>, <NUM>). MS: calc'd <NUM> (M+H)+, measured <NUM> (M+H)+.

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (8aR)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-ethoxy-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-oxo-propyl)-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazine-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 2B-<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in THF (<NUM>) was added a solution of LiOH·H<NUM>O (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in H<NUM>O (<NUM>) at room temperature. After the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, it was acidified to PH <NUM>~<NUM> with 1N HCl at <NUM>. The mixture was then concentrated in vacuo and azeotropically dried with toluene to give the crude acid which was dissolved in dichloromethane (<NUM>) and treated with trifluoroacetic acid (<NUM>) at room temperature. After the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for <NUM> hour, the solvent was removed in vacuo to give <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-hexahydroimidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid (compound 2B) which was used directly. MS: calc'd <NUM> (M+H)+, measured <NUM> (M+H)+.

To a stirred solution of <NUM>,<NUM>-dithiane-<NUM>,<NUM>-diol (compound 3A, <NUM>, <NUM> mol) in methyl tert-butyl ether (<NUM>) and cyclohexane (<NUM>) was added glyoxylic acid (<NUM>, <NUM> mol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at <NUM> under Dean-Stark conditions for <NUM> hours. The resulting solution was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with <NUM>:<NUM> ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to <NUM>% ethyl acetate) to afford <NUM> of the crude <NUM>-hydroxy-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolane-<NUM>-carboxylic acid (compound 3B), which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

To a solution of <NUM>-hydroxy-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolane-<NUM>-carboxylic acid (compound 3B, <NUM>, <NUM> mol) in HOAc (<NUM>) was added concentrated sulfuric acid (<NUM>) and acetic anhydride (<NUM>, <NUM> mol). After being stirred at room temperature for <NUM> hours, the resulting reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was combined and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford crude product, which was recrystallized from toluene to give <NUM> of trans-<NUM>-acetoxy-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolane-<NUM>-carboxylic acid (compound 3C trans). (For the synthesis, please also refer to: <NPL>.

Compound 3C trans: <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, DMSO-d<NUM>) δ ppm: <NUM> (br, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>).

A solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in DCM (<NUM>) was added to a round bottom flask containing a solution of trans-<NUM>-acetoxy-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolane-<NUM>-carboxylic acid (compound 3C trans, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol), L-(-)-menthol (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and DMAP (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in DCM (<NUM>) at <NUM>. After the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for <NUM> hours, methanol (<NUM>) and glacial acetic acid (<NUM>) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred for another <NUM> minutes and then diluted with hexane (<NUM>), filtrated through celite and the filtrate was concentrated to yield crude product. The crude product was re-dissolved in hexane (<NUM>), filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) to give <NUM> of [(<NUM>R,<NUM>S,<NUM>R)-<NUM>-isopropyl-<NUM>-methyl-cyclohexyl] (<NUM>S,<NUM>S)-<NUM>-acetoxy-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolane-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 3D) with a diastereoisomeric excess of <NUM>% as a colorless oil. The diastereoisomeric excess value of compound 3D was obtained by HPLC (Agilent <NUM> HPLC) analysis using a chiral column (CHIRALPAK IA-<NUM> ODH (<NUM> × <NUM>, <NUM>)). The mobile phase of the chiral analysis was <NUM>:<NUM> acetonitrile in MeOH.

Compound 3D: <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>) δ ppm: <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (dt, J = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, J = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (dt, J = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, J = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>).

A suspension of <NUM>-amino-<NUM>H-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-one (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and BSA (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in DCE (<NUM>) was heated at <NUM> for <NUM> hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to <NUM>, to the above mixture was added a solution of [(<NUM>R,<NUM>S,<NUM>R)-<NUM>-isopropyl-<NUM>-methylcyclohexyl] (<NUM>S,<NUM>S)-<NUM>-acetoxy-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolane-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 3D, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in DCE (<NUM>), followed by TMSI (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at <NUM> for <NUM> hours, quenched by aqueous NaHCO<NUM> solution, and then extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na<NUM>SO<NUM> and concentrated to give the crude product as an oil, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> methanol in dichloromethane) to give <NUM> of a mixture of two isomers, which was further purified and separated by preparative HPLC to give the desired <NUM> of beta isomer [(1R,<NUM>,5R)-<NUM>-isopropyl-<NUM>-methyl-cyclohexyl] (<NUM>S,<NUM>R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolane-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 3E) as a white solid. The configuration of compound 3E was determined by NOESY.

Compound 3E: <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>) δ ppm: <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (bs, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>). (ESI+) [(M+H)+]: <NUM>.

A solution of [(<NUM>R,<NUM>S,<NUM>R)-<NUM>-isopropyl-<NUM>-methyl-cyclohexyl] (<NUM>S,<NUM>R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolane-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 3E, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in <NUM>% TFA aqueous (<NUM>) was stirred at <NUM> for <NUM> hours, and then concentrated to give the crude acid as a white solid, which was re-dissolved in THF (<NUM>). To the above mixture was added N-methoxymethylamine hydrochloride (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), DIPEA (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and HATU (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) at room temperature. After being stirred at room temperature for <NUM> hours, the reaction mixture was diluted with DCM, washed by water and brine, dried over anhydrous Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, and concentrated to give the crude product which was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (eluting with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> methanol in dichloromethane) to give <NUM> of (<NUM>S,<NUM>R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-N-methoxy-N-methyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolane-<NUM>-carboxamide (compound 3F) as a white solid.

Compound 3F: <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>) δ ppm: <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (bs, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (m ,<NUM>). (ESI+) [(M+H)+]: <NUM>.

To a solution of (<NUM>,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-N-methoxy-N-methyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolane-<NUM>-carboxamide (compound 3F, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in DCM (<NUM>) was added collidine (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), AgNO<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and MMTrCl (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) at room temperature. After being stirred at room temperature for <NUM> hours, the reaction mixture was diluted with DCM, filtered to remove the solid. The filtrate was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous Na<NUM>SO<NUM> and concentrated to give the crude product, which was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (eluting with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to give <NUM> of (<NUM>,5R)-N-methoxy-<NUM>-[<NUM>-[[(<NUM>-methoxyphenyl)-diphenyl-methyl]amino]-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]-N-methyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolane-<NUM>-carboxamide (compound <NUM>) as a yellow solid. (ESI+) [(M+H)+]: <NUM>.

To a solution of (<NUM>,5R)-N-methoxy-<NUM>-[<NUM>-[[(<NUM>-methoxyphenyl)-diphenyl-methyl]amino]-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]-N-methyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolane-<NUM>-carboxamide (compound <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in THF (<NUM>) was added Grignard reagent, cyclopropylmagnesium bromide (<NUM>, <NUM>) at <NUM>. The reaction mixture was stirred at <NUM> for <NUM>. The reaction was quenched with saturated NH<NUM>Cl solution and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give the crude product, which was re-dissolved in MeOH (<NUM>). To the above mixture was added NaBH<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) at <NUM>. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for <NUM>. The reaction was quenched with saturated NH<NUM>Cl solution and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na<NUM>SO<NUM> and concentrated to give the crude product, which was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (eluting with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to give <NUM> of <NUM>-[(<NUM>S,<NUM>R)-<NUM>-[cyclopropyl(hydroxy)methyl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolan-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>-methoxyphenyl)-diphenylmethyl]amino]thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-one (compound <NUM>) as a yellow solid. (ESI+) [(M+H)+]: <NUM>.

To a solution of <NUM>-[(<NUM>S,<NUM>R)-<NUM>-[cyclopropyl(hydroxy)methyl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolan-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>-methoxy phenyl)-diphenyl-methyl]amino]thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-one (compound <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in DCM (<NUM>) was added TEA (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), DMAP (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and Ac<NUM>O (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) at <NUM>. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for <NUM> hours. After the reaction was completed, the reaction was quenched by water, extracted with DCM. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give <NUM> of the crude product [cyclopropyl-[(<NUM>S,<NUM>R)-<NUM>-[<NUM>-[[(<NUM>-methoxyphenyl)-diphenyl-methyl]amino]-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolan-<NUM>-yl]methyl] acetate (compound <NUM>) as a white solid, which was used directly in the next step without further purification. (ESI+) [(M+H)+]: <NUM>.

A solution of [cyclopropyl-[(<NUM>,5R)-<NUM>-[<NUM>-[[(<NUM>-methoxyphenyl)-diphenyl-methyl]amino]-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolan-<NUM>-yl]methyl] acetate (compound 3I, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in <NUM>% HCOOH aqueous solution (<NUM>) was stirred at room temperature for <NUM> hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was further purified and separated by preparative HPLC to give <NUM> of [(S)-[(<NUM>S,<NUM>R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolan-<NUM>-yl]-cyclopropyl-methyl] acetate (compound <NUM>) as a white solid.

Compound <NUM>: <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, Methanol-d<NUM>) δ ppm: <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (m ,<NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>). (ESI+) [(M+Na)+]: <NUM>.

To a solution of [(S)-[(<NUM>S,<NUM>R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolan-<NUM>-yl]-cyclopropyl-methyl] acetate (compound <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in methanol (<NUM>) was added K<NUM>CO<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). After being stirred at room temperature for <NUM> hours, the reaction was quenched with HOAc to pH <NUM> and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with EtOAc and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified and separated by preparative HPLC to give <NUM> of <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-[(<NUM>S,<NUM>R)-<NUM>-[(S)-cyclopropyl(hydroxy)methyl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-oxathiolan-<NUM>-yl]thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-one (compound 3J) as a white powder.

Compound 3J: The absolute structure was determined by <NUM>H NMR and single crystal X-ray structural analysis as shown in <FIG>. <FIG>H NMR (<NUM>, Methanol-d<NUM>) δ ppm: <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, J = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, J = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>). (ESI+) [(M+H)+]: <NUM>.

The title compound was prepared in analogy to Compound <NUM> by using ethyl (<NUM>)-<NUM>-(bromomethyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidine-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 4A) instead of ethyl (4R)-<NUM>-(bromomethyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluoro-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidine-<NUM>-carboxylate (compound 2A). Compound <NUM> was obtained as a light yellow solid (<NUM>). <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, Methanol-d<NUM>) δ ppm <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, J = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, J = <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J = <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> ppm (t, J = <NUM>, <NUM>). MS: calc'd <NUM> (M+H)+, measured <NUM> (M+H)+.

Compound 4A was prepared in analogy to compound 2A by using <NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-fluorobenzaldehyde instead of <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-fluorobenzaldehyde. The optical rotation of compound 4A: [α]D<NUM>-<NUM> (c <NUM>, MeOH).

Compound <NUM> was prepared according to the following Scheme.

To a suspension of <NUM>-amino-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydrothiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dione (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and [(3R,SS)-<NUM>-acetoxy-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-acetoxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl] acetate (compound <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in acetonitrile (<NUM>) was added BSA (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at <NUM> for <NUM> hour under argon to form a clear solution. Then to the solution was added TMSOTf (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and the mixture was stirred at <NUM> for another <NUM> hours. The reaction was concentrated in vacuum. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (<NUM>) and extracted with saturated NaHCO<NUM> solution (<NUM>). A precipitate was out of the organic layer. The resulting mixture was filtered and the filtrate was washed with brine (<NUM>), dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM> and concentrated in vacuum to give <NUM> of the crude product [(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-acetoxypropyl]-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>,<NUM>-dioxo-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl] acetate (compound 11A) as a yellow solid. (ESI-) [(M+H)+]: <NUM>.

To a solution of [(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-acetoxypropyl]-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>,<NUM>-dioxo-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl] acetate (compound 11A, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in methanol (<NUM>) was added sodium methoxide (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) After the addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for <NUM> hours (monitored by TLC). After the reaction was completed, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH<NUM>Cl (<NUM>). The resulting mixture was concentrated in vacum to remove most of MeOH. The residue was extracted with EtOAc (<NUM>) ten times. The combined organic layer was washed with brine (<NUM>), dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM> and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel column eluted with DCM/MeOH=<NUM>/<NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM> to give <NUM> of <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-[(2R,3R,<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxy-<NUM>-[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-hydroxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidine-<NUM>,<NUM>-dione (Compound <NUM>) as a white solid and <NUM> of crude product.

Compound <NUM>: <NUM>H NMR (<NUM>, DMSO-d<NUM>) δ <NUM> (br s, <NUM>), <NUM> (br s, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J=<NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J=<NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J=<NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J=<NUM>, <NUM>).

A stable HEK293-Blue-hTLR-<NUM> cell line was purchased from InvivoGen (Cat. #: hkb-htlr7, San Diego, California, USA). These cells were designed for studying the stimulation of human TLR7 by monitoring the activation of NF-κB. A SEAP (secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase) reporter gene was placed under the control of the IFN-β□minimal promoter fused to five NF-κB and AP-<NUM>-binding sites. The SEAP was induced by activating NF-κB and AP-<NUM> via stimulating HEK-Blue hTLR7 cells with TLR7 ligands. Therefore the reporter expression was regulated by the NF-κB promoter upon stimulation of human TLR7 for <NUM> hours. The cell culture supernatant SEAP reporter activity was determined using QUANTI-Blue™ kit (Cat. #: rep-qb1, Invivogen, San Diego, Ca, USA) at a wavelength of <NUM>, a detection medium that turns purple or blue in the presence of alkaline phosphatase.

HEK293-Blue-hTLR7 cells were incubated at a density of <NUM>,<NUM>~<NUM>,<NUM> cells/mL in a volume of <NUM>µL in a <NUM>-well plate in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing <NUM>/L glucose, <NUM> U/mL penicillin, <NUM>/mL streptomycin, <NUM>/mL Normocin, <NUM> L-glutamine, <NUM>% (v/v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum for <NUM>. Then the HEK293-Blue-hTLR-<NUM> cells were incubated with addition of <NUM>µL test compound in a serial dilution in the presence of final DMSO at <NUM>% and perform incubation under <NUM> in a CO<NUM> incubator for <NUM> hours. Then <NUM>µL of the supernatant from each well was incubated with <NUM>µL Quanti-blue substrate solution at <NUM> for <NUM> hours and the absorbance was read at <NUM>-<NUM> using a spectrophotometer. The signalling pathway that TLR7 activation leads to downstream NF-κB activation has been widely accepted, and therefore similar reporter assay was also widely used for evaluating TLR7 agonist (<NPL>. sci; <NPL>).

The TLR7 agonism activity in HEK293- hTLR-<NUM> assay of compound <NUM> was <NUM>.

<NUM>-week old male C57BL/<NUM> mice, specific pathogen free, were purchased from Shanghai Laboratory Animal Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (SLAC) and housed in an animal care facility in individually ventilated cages under controlled temperature and light conditions following the Institutional Animal Care guidelines. AAV/HBV virus was purchased from Beijing FivePlus Molecular Medicine Institute (Beijing, China). This recombinant virus carries <NUM> copies of the HBV genome, which was packaged in AAV serotype <NUM> (AAV8) capsids. C57BL/<NUM> mice were injected with 200µL of recombinant virus, diluted in saline buffer, through tail vein injection. The mice were bled at days <NUM> and <NUM> post injection to monitor HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV e antigen (HBeAg), HBs antibody (HBsAb) and HBV genomic DNA in serum, and then were randomly grouped according to these HBV biomarkers.

Serum HBsAg and HBeAg was measured using CLIA kits (Autobio Diagnostics Co. , Ltd , Zhengzhou, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The lower limit of detection for HBsAg and HBeAg was <NUM>. 1ng/mL and <NUM>. 25NCU/mL (national clinical unit/mL) respectively. Serum dilution of <NUM>-fold (for HBsAg) or <NUM>-fold (for HBeAg) was used to obtain values within the linear range of the standard curve. Serum HBV DNA was extracted using a MagNA Pure <NUM> DNA and Viral NA Small Volume Kit (Roche) following the manufacturer's instructions. The DNA samples were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) using a HBV-specific primer and probe set for specific amplification and detection of a 128bp HBV genome region from the nucleotide <NUM> to <NUM>. The sequences of the primers and probe are shown as follows:.

Anti-HBs in the serum was measured on day <NUM> after the treatment ended using Anti-HBs CLIA kits (Autobio Diagnostics Co. , Ltd , Zhengzhou, China) following the manufacturer's instructions. The serum samples were <NUM>-fold diluted and <NUM>µL of the diluted samples were used for the assay.

<NUM>/mL of Compound <NUM> and <NUM>/mL of Compound <NUM> was formulated as an inclusion complex with <NUM>% Klucel LF, <NUM>% Polysorbate <NUM>, and <NUM>% Parabens in water. All the mice were orally dosed for a total of <NUM> weeks followed by a <NUM>-week off-treatment period. In one single-treatment control study, the five mice of the group Compound <NUM> were treated with Compound <NUM> at <NUM>/kg every other day (QOD). The vehicle group was treated with an equivalent volume of oral-QD vehicle placebo (<NUM>% Klucel LF, <NUM>% Polysorbate <NUM>, and <NUM>% Parabens in water). In the combination therapy study, the five mice of the group Compound <NUM> were administered at <NUM>/kg orally once daily (QD). The group Combo received <NUM>/kg of Compound <NUM> QOD plus <NUM>/kg Compound <NUM> QD. The vehicle group was treated with an equivalent volume of oral-QD vehicle placebo (<NUM>% Klucel LF, <NUM>% Polysorbate <NUM>, and <NUM>% Parabens in water).

A mouse model with high level expression of both HBV DNA and HBsAg was generated by injecting C57BL/<NUM> mice with a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying a replicable HBV genome (AAV-HBV). At <NUM> weeks post infection, persistent HBV viral markers such as HBV genomic DNA, HBsAg, and HBeAg were detected in the sera of the infected mice. With the long-lasting HBV viremia and a fully competent immune system, the AAV-HBV model was used to investigate the individual and combined effect of Compound <NUM>, a prodrug of a TLR7 agonist, the active form of which, after conversion, induces potent innate immune responses, and Compound <NUM>, a small molecule which inhibits HBV capsid assembly. As shown in <FIG>, after a <NUM>-week treatment, Compound <NUM> induced more than <NUM>-log reduction in HBV DNA and more than <NUM>-log reduction in HBsAg. Compound <NUM> alone reduced HBV DNA by more than <NUM>-log and to the level below the LLQ (lower limit of quantification), and moderately reduced the HBsAg level. The combination of the Compound <NUM> and Compound <NUM> resulted in a sustainable reduction in both HBV DNA and HBsAg to the level below the LLQ even at the end of a <NUM>-week off-treatment period. The results provide evidence for the synergistic antiviral effect of the novel therapy with the combination treatment of a TLR7 agonist and a HBV capsid assembly inhibitor.

In another independent study, more combinations of a TLR7 agonist plus a Capsid inhibitor and corresponding single compound treatments were tested (summarized in Table <NUM>) using the same AAV-HBV mouse model and method of measurement of HBV biomarkers described in Example <NUM>.

In this study, eight mice were recruited in each group, and animals received the first dose on day <NUM> post AAV-HBV infection. The tested combinations included Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM>, Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM>, and Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM>. All compounds were formulated as an inclusion complex with <NUM>% Klucel LF, <NUM>% Polysorbate <NUM>, and <NUM>% Parabens in water, and an equivalent volume of placebo containing <NUM>% Klucel LF, <NUM>% Polysorbate <NUM>, and <NUM>% Parabens was used in the vehicle group. Specifically, for the combination of Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM>, <NUM>/mL of Compound <NUM> and <NUM>/mL of Compound <NUM> was formulated. The group Compound <NUM> was orally dosed at <NUM>/kg QOD, while the group Compound <NUM> were orally dosed at <NUM>/kg QD. The corresponding Combo group received <NUM>/kg of Compound <NUM> QOD plus <NUM>/kg Compound <NUM> QD. For the combination of Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM>, <NUM>/mL of Compound <NUM> and <NUM>/mL of Compound <NUM> was formulated. The group Compound <NUM> were orally dosed at <NUM>/kg QOD, while the group Compound <NUM> were orally dosed at <NUM>/kg QD. The corresponding Combo group received <NUM>/kg of Compound <NUM> QOD plus <NUM>/kg Compound <NUM> QD. For the combination of Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM>, <NUM>/mL of Compound <NUM> and <NUM>/mL of Compound <NUM> was formulated. The group Compound <NUM> were orally dosed at <NUM>/kg QOD, while the group Compound <NUM> were orally dosed at <NUM>/kg QD. The corresponding Combo group received <NUM>/kg of Compound <NUM> QOD plus <NUM>/kg Compound <NUM> QD. After the first dose, mice were submandibularly bled (<NUM>µL blood/mouse) twice per week for serum collection until the end of the studies. The collected blood were left at <NUM> for at least <NUM> minutes to coagulate and then centrifuged at <NUM>,<NUM> × g, <NUM> for <NUM> minutes to obtain mouse serum. These serum samples were subjected to analysis of HBV biomarkers.

As shown in <FIG>, single treatment of Compound <NUM> at <NUM>/kg inhibited HBV DNA and reduced HBsAg by <NUM>-log at the end of <NUM>-week treatment. The combination of Compound <NUM> (TLR7 agonist) plus Compound <NUM> (HBV capsid inhibitor) clearly demonstrated a superior antiviral effect especially in controlling the HBsAg. In all animals taking the combination therapy, their HBsAg dropped to the level close to or below the LLQ within <NUM> weeks of the treatment, and a more than <NUM>-log HBsAg reduction at the end of the treatment could last for at least <NUM> weeks during the off-treatment period. During the off-treatment period, <NUM> out of <NUM> mice were found to have developed detectable levels of anti-HBs, as shown in <FIG>.

As shown in <FIG>, another TLR7 agonist Compound <NUM> also reduced both HBV DNA and HBsAg. The combination of Compound <NUM> plus the capsid inhibitor Compound <NUM> exhibited further reduction in HBV DNA (><NUM> log) and in HBsAg (<NUM>-log). As shown in <FIG>, <FIG> out of <NUM> mice taking Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM> developed detectable levels of anti-HBs during the <NUM>-week off-treatment period.

As shown in <FIG>, Compound <NUM> is another capsid inhibitor which reduced both HBV DNA and HBsAg. The combination of Compound <NUM> plus the TLR7 agonist Compound <NUM> further suppressed HBsAg below the LLQ within <NUM> weeks post treatment, and the viral reduction was sustained throughout the study even after the treatment was removed for <NUM> weeks. As shown in <FIG>, <FIG> out of <NUM> mice taking Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM> developed detectable levels of anti-HBs during the <NUM>-week off-treatment period.

In another independent study, more combinations of a TLR7 agonist plus a Capsid inhibitor and corresponding single compound treatments were tested (as summarized in Table <NUM>) using the same AAV-HBV mouse model and methods of measurement of HBV biomarkers described in Example <NUM>.

In this specific study, seven mice were recruited in each group and animals received the first dose at least <NUM> days post AAV-HBV infection. The tested combinations included Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM>, Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM>, and Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM>. All compounds were formulated as an inclusion complex with <NUM>% Klucel LF, <NUM>% Polysorbate <NUM>, and <NUM>% Parabens in water, and an equivalent volume of placebo containing <NUM>% Klucel LF, <NUM>% Polysorbate <NUM>, and <NUM>% Parabens was used in the vehicle group. Specifically, for the combination of Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM>, <NUM>/mL of Compound <NUM> and <NUM>/mL of Compound <NUM> were formulated. The group Compound <NUM> were orally dosed at <NUM>/kg QOD, while the group Compound <NUM> were orally dosed at <NUM>/kg QD. And then the corresponding Combo group received <NUM>/kg of Compound <NUM> QOD plus <NUM>/kg Compound <NUM> QD. For the combination of Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM>, <NUM>/mL of Compound <NUM> and <NUM>/mL of Compound <NUM> were formulated. The group Compound <NUM> were orally dosed at <NUM>/kg QOD, while the group Compound <NUM> were orally dosed at <NUM>/kg QD. And then the corresponding Combo group received <NUM>/kg of Compound <NUM> QOD plus <NUM>/kg Compound <NUM> QD. For the combination of Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM>, <NUM>/mL of Compound <NUM> and <NUM>/mL of Compound <NUM> were formulated. The group Compound <NUM> was orally dosed at <NUM>/kg QOD, while the group Compound <NUM> were orally dosed at <NUM>/kg QD. And then the corresponding Combo group received <NUM>/kg of Compound <NUM> QOD plus <NUM>/kg Compound <NUM> QD. After the first dose, mice were submandibularly bled (<NUM>µL blood/mouse) twice per week for serum collection until the end of the studies. The collected blood were left at <NUM> for at least <NUM> minutes to coagulate and then centrifuged at <NUM>,<NUM> × g, <NUM> for <NUM> minutes to obtain mouse serum. These serum samples were subjected to analysis of HBV biomarkers.

The results in <FIG> showed that TLR7 agonist Compound <NUM> alone reduced HBV DNA and HBsAg by about <NUM>-log and <NUM>-log respectively at the end of the treatment, while the combination of Compound <NUM> plus capsid inhibitor Compound <NUM> further reduced HBsAg to the level below the LLQ. During the <NUM>-week off-treatment period, the combination group demonstrated sustainable HBsAg reduction, minimal HBV DNA rebound, and high levels of anti-HBs which was not seen in vehicle and single treatment groups, as shown in <FIG>. Such benefits of the combination treatment were also consistently observed in the combination groups of Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM>, and Compound <NUM> plus Compound <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>.

Claim 1:
The TLR7 agonist [(<NUM>)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>,4R,5R)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>-oxo-thiazolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-<NUM>-yl]propyl] acetate and the HBV capsid assembly inhibitor <NUM>-[(8aS)-<NUM>-[[(<NUM>)-<NUM>-ethoxycarbonyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>-methyl-phenyl)-<NUM>-thiazol-<NUM>-yl-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydropyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]methyl]-<NUM>-oxo-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,8a-tetrahydro-<NUM>-imidazo[<NUM>,<NUM>-a]pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-propanoic acid for use in the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection, which are co-administered in the same formulation or different formulation.