Patent Description:
Electrical power distribution systems manage the allocation of power from energy sources to electrical loads that consume the distributed electrical power. For example, contemporary aircraft utilize electrical power for electrical loads related to avionics, motors, and other electric equipment. Primary or supplemental power sources can provide the electrical power for a desired flight plan. <CIT> discloses a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) battery changing station including a UAV landing area configured to support a UAV coupled to a first battery when the UAV is resting on the battery changing station, a movable battery storage unit including a holding station configured to store a second battery, and a battery replacement member configured to retrieve the second battery from the holding station and couple the second battery to the UAV.

Prefered embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.

In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method of operating an energy management system for a fleet of aircraft, the method including receiving, by a controller module of the energy management system, a desired flight plan database for the fleet of aircraft, defining at least a desired flight plan for each of the fleet of aircraft and a location of each of the fleet of aircraft, receiving, by the controller module, a replaceable power source inventory database defining at least a set of dischargeable energy modules, estimating an energy demand for at least a subset of the desired flight plans for the fleet of aircraft, determining whether a set of dischargeable energy modules are locatable at a respective location of at least a subset of the fleet of aircraft based on at least the replaceable power source inventory database and the subset of desired flight plans of the desired flight plan database, and based on the determination that set of dischargeable energy modules are locatable at a respective location of at least a subset of the fleet of aircraft, generate, by the energy management system, a power source inventory distribution plan allocating a subset of dischargeable energy modules for the at least a subset of the desired flight plans for the fleet of aircraft.

Aspects of the disclosure can be implemented in any environment, apparatus, or method for operating power distribution by way of replaceable or dischargeable energy modules, systems associated with or managing power distribution by way of replaceable or dischargeable energy modules, vehicles utilizing power distribution by way of replaceable or dischargeable energy modules, or the like.

As used herein, the term "set" or a "set" of elements can be any number of elements, including only one. Also, as used herein, while sensors or systems can be described as "sensing" or "measuring" a respective value, sensing or measuring can include determining a value indicative of or related to the respective value, rather than directly sensing or measuring the value itself. The sensed or measured values can further be provided to additional components. For instance, the value can be provided to a controller module or processor, and the controller module or processor can perform processing on the value to determine a representative value or an electrical characteristic representative of said value.

Additionally, while terms such as "voltage", "current", and "power" can be used herein, it will be evident to one skilled in the art that these terms can be interrelated when describing aspects of the electrical circuit, or circuit operations.

All directional references (e.g., radial, axial, upper, lower, upward, downward, left, right, lateral, front, back, top, bottom, above, below, vertical, horizontal, clockwise, counterclockwise) are only used for identification purposes to aid the reader's understanding of the disclosure, and do not create limitations, particularly as to the position, orientation, or use thereof. Connection references (e.g., attached, coupled, connected, and joined) are to be construed broadly and can include intermediate members between a collection of elements and relative movement between elements unless otherwise indicated. As such, connection references do not necessarily infer that two elements are directly connected and in fixed relation to each other. In non-limiting examples, connections or disconnections can be selectively configured to provide, enable, disable, or the like, an electrical connection between respective elements. Non-limiting example power distribution bus connections or disconnections can be enabled or operated by way of switching, bus tie logic, or any other connectors configured to enable or disable the energizing of electrical loads downstream of the bus. Additionally, as used herein, "electrical connection" or "electrically coupled" can include a wired or wireless connection. The exemplary drawings are for purposes of illustration only and the dimensions, positions, order and relative sizes reflected in the drawings attached hereto can vary.

Additionally, as used herein, a "controller" or "controller module" can include a component configured or adapted to provide instruction, control, operation, or any form of communication for operable components to effect the operation thereof. A controller module can include any known processor, microcontroller, or logic device, including, but not limited to: field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a full authority digital engine control (FADEC), a proportional controller (P), a proportional integral controller (PI), a proportional derivative controller (PD), a proportional integral derivative controller (PID controller), a hardware-accelerated logic controller (e.g. for encoding, decoding, transcoding, etc.), the like, or a combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of a controller module can be configured or adapted to run, operate, or otherwise execute program code to effect operational or functional outcomes, including carrying out various methods, functionality, processing tasks, calculations, comparisons, sensing or measuring of values, or the like, to enable or achieve the technical operations or operations described herein. The operation or functional outcomes can be based on one or more inputs, stored data values, sensed or measured values, true or false indications, or the like. While "program code" is described, non-limiting examples of operable or executable instruction sets can include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, algorithms, etc., that have the technical effect of performing particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. In another non-limiting example, a controller module can also include a data storage component accessible by the processor, including memory, whether transient, volatile or non-transient, or non-volatile memory.

Additional non-limiting examples of the memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), flash memory, or one or more different types of portable electronic memory, such as discs, DVDs, CD-ROMs, flash drives, universal serial bus (USB) drives, the like, or any suitable combination of these types of memory. In one example, the program code can be stored within the memory in a machine-readable format accessible by the processor. Additionally, the memory can store various data, data types, sensed or measured data values, inputs, generated or processed data, or the like, accessible by the processor in providing instruction, control, or operation to effect a functional or operable outcome, as described herein. In another non-limiting example, a control module can include comparing a first value with a second value, and operating or controlling operations of additional components based on the satisfying of that comparison. For example, when a sensed, measured, or provided value is compared with another value, including a stored or predetermined value, the satisfaction of that comparison can result in actions, functions, or operations controllable by the controller module. As used, the term "satisfies" or "satisfaction" of the comparison is used herein to mean that the first value satisfies the second value, such as being equal to or less than the second value, or being within the value range of the second value. It will be understood that such a determination may easily be altered to be satisfied by a positive/negative comparison or a true/false comparison. Example comparisons can include comparing a sensed or measured value to a threshold value or threshold value range.

As used herein, a controllable switching element, or a "switch" is an electrical device that can be controllable to toggle between a first mode of operation, wherein the switch is "closed" intending to transmit current from a switch input to a switch output, and a second mode of operation, wherein the switch is "open" intending to prevent current from transmitting between the switch input and switch output. In non-limiting examples, connections or disconnections, such as connections enabled or disabled by the controllable switching element, can be selectively configured to provide, enable, disable, or the like, an electrical connection between respective elements.

The disclosure can be implemented in any electrical power distribution environment. A non-limiting example of an electrical circuit environment that can include aspects of the disclosure can include an aircraft power system architecture, land vehicle power system architecture, aqueous vehicle power architecture, unmanned vehicles, or the like.

As illustrated in <FIG>, an aircraft <NUM> is shown having at least one propulsion system, shown schematically as a left propulsion system <NUM> and a right propulsion system <NUM>. Alternatively, the aircraft <NUM> can have fewer or additional propulsion systems. The left and right propulsion systems <NUM>, <NUM> can be substantially identical, and can further include at least one power source, such as a first electric machine or a generator <NUM>. In another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the left and right propulsion systems <NUM>, <NUM> can be electric motors, and provide propulsion by way of converting electricity or electrical power into propulsion. The aircraft is shown further having a set of power-consuming components, power-consuming systems <NUM> or subsystems, or the like. Non-limiting examples of power-consuming systems <NUM> can include, but are not limited to, an actuator load, flight critical loads, non-flight critical loads, and propulsion systems <NUM>, <NUM>, as explained herein.

The power-consuming systems <NUM> are electrically coupled by way of a power distribution system <NUM> or power distribution network including, for instance, power transmission lines <NUM> or bus bars, and power distribution nodes <NUM>. In this sense, the power distribution system <NUM> can define the set of power-consuming systems <NUM>. The power distribution system <NUM> can further include at least one power system module <NUM> configured or adapted to selectively supply electrical power, at least a portion of primary power, supplemental power, redundant power, backup power, emergency power, or the like, to the power distribution system <NUM>. In one non-limiting example, the power system module <NUM> can include a dischargeable power distribution system <NUM>. In another non-limiting example, the power system module <NUM> can supply primary electrical power or supplemental electrical power to the power distribution system <NUM>.

It will be understood that the illustrated aspect of the disclosure of <FIG> is only one non-limiting example of a power distribution system <NUM>, and many other possible aspects and configurations in addition to that shown are contemplated by the present disclosure. Furthermore, the number of, and placement of, the various components depicted in <FIG> are also non-limiting examples of aspects associated with the disclosure. For example, in one non-limiting example, a power system module <NUM> can be configured, adapted, or proximately located with a particular power-consuming system <NUM> or subset of power consuming systems <NUM>. In this sense, one or more of a set of power system modules <NUM> can be associated with supplying power to a respective set or subset of the power-consuming systems <NUM>. The set of power system modules <NUM> can be associated with supplying power to a respective set or subset of the power-consuming systems <NUM> both directly (e.g. by way of directly supplying power to the power-consuming system <NUM>) or indirectly (e.g. by way of sharing power supply through other power system modules <NUM>, or by way of the power distribution system <NUM>). In this sense, for example, one or more power system modules <NUM> can controllably supply power to a particular associated or targeted power-consuming system <NUM>, such as one or more respective propulsion systems <NUM>, <NUM>.

Example power distribution management functions can include, but are not limited to, selectively enabling or disabling the delivery of power to particular electrical loads or power-consuming systems <NUM>, depending on, for example, available power distribution supply, power distribution capacity, criticality of electrical load functionality, or aircraft mode of operation. Non-limiting examples of aircraft mode of operation or aircraft operations can include aircraft flight phases, including but not limited to, aircraft take-off phase, aircraft cruise phase, aircraft approach phase, aircraft landing phase, or aircraft ground operations. Additional management functions can be included. Furthermore, additional power sources for providing power to the electrical loads, such as emergency power sources, ram air turbine systems, generators, auxiliary power units (APUs), batteries, or the like, can be included, and can substitute or supplement the described electrical sources of power.

It will be understood that while aspects of the disclosure are shown in an aircraft environment of <FIG>, the disclosure is not so limited and has general application to electrical power systems in non-aircraft applications, such as other mobile applications and non-mobile industrial, commercial, and residential applications. For example, while this description is directed toward a power system architecture in an aircraft, aspects of the disclosure can be further applicable to provide power, supplemental power, emergency power, essential power, or the like, in otherwise non-emergency operations, such as takeoff, landing, or cruise flight operations. It will be understood that the illustrated aspects of the disclosure are only one non-limiting example of an aircraft <NUM>, and many other possible aspects and configurations in addition to that shown are contemplated by the present disclosure.

Furthermore, the number of, and placement of, the various components depicted in <FIG> are also non-limiting examples of aspects associated with the disclosure. For example, while various components have been illustrated with relative position of the aircraft (e.g. the power-consuming systems <NUM> on the wings of the aircraft <NUM>, etc.), aspects of the disclosure are not so limited, and the components are not so limited based on their schematic depictions. Additional aircraft <NUM> configurations are envisioned.

Referring now to <FIG>, a schematic illustration is shown of an exemplary power distribution system <NUM> that can be utilized in the aircraft <NUM>. The power distribution system <NUM> is shown having a set of power system modules <NUM>. Aspects of the disclosure can be included wherein, for example, each power system module <NUM> can include a set of energy modules <NUM> (labeled "E1", "E2", etc.), an energy management module <NUM>, and a backplane <NUM>. Non-limiting aspects of the disclosure can be included wherein at least a subset of power system module <NUM> components can be attached to, fastened to, or otherwise contained within a frame or chassis <NUM> of the power system module <NUM>.

The set of energy modules <NUM> can include one or more replaceable energy module, one or more electrically dischargeable energy modules, or a combination thereof. As used herein, "replaceable" denotes a physically removeable aspect describing how one or more energy modules <NUM> can be independently removed from the power system module <NUM>, and replaced with a similar or like-kind exchange of another energy module <NUM>. Aspects of the disclosure can be included wherein the power system module <NUM>, the energy module <NUM>, or a combination thereof are designed to facilitate the removal or replacement by a user or automated system without significant effort. Aspects such as locks, ties, mechanical fasteners, hooks, levers, or the like can facility the removal or replacement features, while reliably retaining the energy module <NUM> outside of removal or replacement. In this sense, the set of energy modules <NUM> can be selectively interconnected with the chassis <NUM>.

Additionally, non-limiting examples of the energy modules <NUM> can include, but are not limited to, "dischargeable" or "rechargeable" sources of electrical energy, such as fuel cells, a battery bank, a battery cell, a rechargeable battery or rechargeable battery bank, a capacitor or capacitor bank, a super capacitor or super capacitor bank, a fuel cell, a hydrogen cell, or a continuously or semi-continuous power conversion or supplying device, such as a solar cell, wind turbine, or any other source of electrical power. In this sense, the power system module <NUM> can include a dischargeable power system module <NUM>. As illustrated, a variety of different or dissimilar energy modules <NUM> can be utilized within a single power system module <NUM> (e.g. see schematic shape of E1 compared with E7). Aspects of the power system module <NUM> can be configured or adapted to receive an individual power supply from each respective energy module <NUM>, and utilize each individual power supply, or for example combine individual power supplies from a set or subset of the energy modules <NUM>, to form one or more electrical power outputs <NUM>.

While a single power output <NUM> is illustrated, aspects of the disclosure can be included wherein a single power system module <NUM> can be configured or adapted to provide multiple power outputs <NUM>, multi-channel power outputs <NUM>, or power outputs <NUM> having different or dissimilar electrical characteristics. Aspects of the disclosure can include, for example, multi-channel power outputs <NUM> configured to provide simultaneous power outputs <NUM>. Non-limiting examples of power outputs <NUM> having different or dissimilar power outputs can include alternating current (AC) power, direct current (DC) power, one or more phases of current, one or more voltage levels, or a combination thereof. In one non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the backplane <NUM> can be configured or adapted to provide the power output <NUM> or power outputs <NUM>, as well as power conversion, inversion, or the like.

The energy management module <NUM> can be configured to operably control the power distribution from a set or subset of the energy modules <NUM> to meet a power demand, such as a power demand during aircraft <NUM> operations, during aircraft flight operations, during aircraft flight phases, or the like. In the example shown a power demand signal <NUM> can be provided to at least one of the power system module <NUM> or the energy management module <NUM>, indicating a power demanded to meet electrical expectations for one or more electrical loads or power-consuming systems <NUM>. In this sense, the energy management module <NUM> can include a controller module having a processor and memory, and can be configured to controllably operate or selectively discharge a set or subset of the energy modules <NUM>, by way of the backplane <NUM>, to supply power to the power output <NUM> in electrical form or electrical characteristics meeting the power demand <NUM>. As described, the power demand <NUM> for an individual power system module <NUM> can be associated with or respectively assigned to target a particular set or subset of power-consuming systems <NUM> or power-consuming subsystems.

Aspects of the disclosure can be included wherein power supply can be shared with or in-between individual power system modules <NUM>. As shown, multiple power system modules <NUM> can be selectively interconnected (for example by switch <NUM> shown in dotted box), and operated such that a first power system module <NUM> could deliver a power supply to a second power system module <NUM>. As shown, such operable sharing can be controllably implemented or enabled by way of a controller module <NUM> having a processor <NUM> and memory <NUM>. In one non-limiting example, the controller module <NUM> can include, or can be incorporated into the controller module of the energy management module <NUM>, as described herein. In another non-limiting example, the operably sharing can be controllably implemented or enabled in response to the power demand <NUM> described herein, such as when a power demand <NUM> for the first power system module <NUM> is lowered or reduced, when a power demand <NUM> for the second power system module <NUM> is heightened or increased, or a combination thereof.

In such an example, the first power system module <NUM> could selectively discharge one or more of the set of energy modules <NUM> to recharge one or more energy modules <NUM> of the second power system module <NUM>. In this sense, the power distribution system <NUM> or power system modules <NUM> can operably share power between other power system modules <NUM> during at least one of the aircraft cruise phase, aircraft approach phase, aircraft landing phase, a combination of phases, or the like.

In further non-limiting examples of the disclosure, the energy management module <NUM>, or a controller module <NUM> thereof, of one of the set of power system modules <NUM> (such as a first power system module <NUM>) can be further configured to predict a cumulative flight operation power demand <NUM> for the remainder of the current aircraft flight operation. In another non-limiting example or alternative non-limiting example of the disclosure, the energy management module <NUM> of one of the set of power system modules <NUM> (such as a first power system module <NUM>) can be further configured to estimate a cumulative flight operation power demand <NUM> for the remainder of the current aircraft <NUM> flight operation. As used herein, the "cumulative flight operation power demand" for the remainder of the flight can include the predicted or estimated total amount of power the power-consuming system <NUM> is expected to consume until the aircraft has landed or taxied to a destination point. Non-limiting examples of the "cumulative" power demand can further include additional or buffer power demand <NUM> in order to provide flexibility in scheduling and prediction or estimation.

In this sense, the energy management module <NUM>, or a controller module <NUM> thereof, of one of the set of power system modules <NUM> can compare the predicted or estimated cumulative flight operation power demand <NUM> with a quantity of dischargeable power of the power system module <NUM>. In the example, the energy management module <NUM> can be further configured to determine an excess quantity of dischargeable power of the respective power system module <NUM> or multiple power system modules <NUM> that exists based on the comparison when the quantity of dischargeable power of the one or more power system modules <NUM> is greater than the predicted or estimated cumulative flight operation power demand <NUM> for the remainder of the current aircraft flight operation. Non-limiting examples of the disclosure can be included wherein the quantity of dischargeable power of the respective power system module <NUM> can be included by way of power sensing of one or more of the respective energy modules <NUM>, estimating past discharge, or the like.

If an excess quantity of dischargeable power of the respective power system module <NUM> exists based on the aforementioned comparison, the energy management module <NUM>, or a controller module <NUM> thereof, can be further configured to operably share the excess quantity of dischargeable power of the respective power system modules <NUM> with another one of the set of power system modules <NUM> to at least partially recharge one or more of the set of energy modules <NUM> of the another power system module <NUM>. In these non-limiting examples, the first power system module <NUM> can operably share power with another power system module <NUM> until, for instance, the first power system module <NUM> substantially discharges the set or a subset of the energy modules <NUM>. In a non-limiting example, as used herein, "substantially discharge" the energy modules <NUM> can include depleting or discharging the energy modules <NUM> until less than five percent of stored energy charge remains. In another non-limiting example, as used herein, "substantially discharge" the energy modules <NUM> can include depleting or discharging the energy modules until less than ten percent of stored energy charge remains. In yet another non-limiting example, the first power system module <NUM> can operably share power with another power system module <NUM> until, for instance, the second power system module <NUM> or a set or subset of energy modules <NUM> thereof are recharged.

In yet another non-limiting example, the first power system module <NUM> can operably share power with another power system module <NUM> in order to reduce the number of energy modules <NUM> of the power system module <NUM>, or aircraft <NUM> overall, to be replaced in-between aircraft operations. Stated another way, the first power system module <NUM> can operably share power with another power system module <NUM> to controllably limit, reduce, or otherwise minimize the total number of replaceable energy modules <NUM> to be replaced during a future replacement or ground maintenance operation.

<FIG> is a schematic illustration of an energy management system <NUM> for a fleet of aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, such as the aircraft <NUM> of <FIG>. While example aspects of the disclosure are illustrated at an airport <NUM>, non-limiting aspects of the disclosure can be applicable to any location utilizing energy modules <NUM>. As shown, the airport <NUM> can include aircraft <NUM> flying within range of the airport <NUM>, including but not limited to, aircraft <NUM> taking off or landing, passing by, or even aircraft <NUM> located on the ground, such as aircraft <NUM> that have arrived at the airport <NUM> as a destination, aircraft <NUM> obtaining maintenance actions, aircraft <NUM> preparing for a future flight plan, or a combination thereof. In yet another non-limiting example, a non-aircraft vehicle, shown as a car <NUM>, is included, as another example device that can utilize both the energy management system <NUM>, or a power distribution system utilizing the power system module <NUM> described herein.

The airport <NUM> can further include charging stations <NUM> for charging, recharging, or otherwise storing energy modules <NUM>. As shown, the charging stations can be electrically coupled with a power source <NUM>, such as terrestrial-based power grids, or the like to provide energy for charging or recharging energy modules <NUM>. As a non-limiting example, a discharged energy module <NUM> is illustrated as included in a charging station <NUM>, to convey that the charging station <NUM> can include or store charged energy modules <NUM> as well as including discharged or currently-charging energy modules <NUM>.

Also, as shown in non-limiting example, the aircraft <NUM> shown on the ground of the airport <NUM> includes both charged energy modules <NUM>, which can be included in the power system module <NUM> (not illustrated for brevity), as well as discharged energy modules <NUM> that can be removed or replaced prior to the next flight plan. For instance, maintenance or ground-based workers can remove the discharged energy modules <NUM>, transport them to an empty bay of the charging station <NUM> for recharging, and transport charged energy modules <NUM> from the charging station <NUM> back to the aircraft <NUM>.

The aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, car <NUM>, charging stations <NUM>, and the like, can all be communicatively connected with the energy management system <NUM> (show, for example, using wireless transmission). While wireless transmission is shown, any wired or wireless communicative medium, transmission, data transfer protocol, Internet transmission, or the like can be included to enable or otherwise make communication with the energy management system <NUM> operable.

<FIG> is schematic system illustration of the energy management system <NUM> of <FIG>, in accordance with various aspects described herein. As shown, the energy management system <NUM> can include any combination of an estimation module <NUM>, a prediction module <NUM>, an energy capacity determination module <NUM>, a power source inventory distribution plan module <NUM>, a controller module <NUM> having a processor <NUM> and memory <NUM>, or the like. As shown, the controller module <NUM> can be similar to the previously described controller module <NUM>.

The energy management system <NUM> can interact with a number of other system components. The communication is illustrated by arrows between components. In one non-limiting example, the energy management system <NUM> can interact with or communicate with a flight plan database <NUM>. The flight plan database <NUM> can include, for instance, a desired flight plan for a period of time for one or more aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, such as a fleet of aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>. In another non-limiting example, the flight plan database <NUM> can include or define at least a desired flight plan for each of the fleet of aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> and a location of each of the fleet of aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>.

In another non-limiting example, the energy management system <NUM> can interact with or communicate with an energy demand database <NUM>. The energy demand database <NUM> can include information or data related to predicted, estimated, or otherwise known energy demands for at least one of aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> models, flight plan information (for example, flight legs between location sources and destinations), individual aircraft system or subsystem energy demands (for example, certain propulsion systems, certain computer systems, or the like), or information related to flights. Example information related to flights can include non-limiting aspects such as weight estimates or predictions, current weather information, historical or predicted weather information, manifest information, or the like. As used herein, the "energy demand" can include an amount of quantity of power, electrical power, or another characteristic related to power, such as energy module <NUM> information or date related to flight plan energy demands.

In another non-limiting example, the energy management system <NUM> can interact with or communicate with a location database <NUM>. The location database <NUM> can include or define, for example, energy management system <NUM> data related to particular locations, including but not limited to, airports <NUM>, charging station <NUM> locations, charging station charging or storage capacity at a respective location, or the like.

In yet another non-limiting example, the energy management system <NUM> can interact with or communicate with a replaceable power source inventory database <NUM>. The replaceable power source inventory database <NUM> can include information or data related to the replaceable power sources, such as energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> utilized by the fleet of vehicles, cars <NUM>, aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, or the like. In non-limiting example, each energy module <NUM>, <NUM> can further include data or information related to a charge state <NUM> or current location <NUM> of the energy module <NUM>, <NUM>. Non-limiting examples of a charge state <NUM> can include a current charging or discharging rate, a current charge level, any health monitoring data related to the energy module, <NUM>, <NUM>, the like, or a combination thereof.

Non-limiting examples of a current location <NUM> of the energy module <NUM>, <NUM> can include assignment or allotment to a particular vehicle, car <NUM>, aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, or charging station <NUM>, a location of that respective vehicle, car <NUM>, aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, or charging station <NUM>, or even more precise location information such as a charging station <NUM> or storage bay location, or a particular installation location in a power system module <NUM> of an aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> (e.g. third module of the propulsion-assigned power system module <NUM>, third row, second column, or the like), or the like. In this sense, the replaceable power source inventory database <NUM> can define particular information or data related to the set of energy modules <NUM>, <NUM>.

The energy management system <NUM> can receive information or data from at least a subset of the flight plan database <NUM>, the energy demand database <NUM>, the location database <NUM>, the replaceable power source inventory database <NUM>, or the like. During operation, the energy management system <NUM>, or the controller module <NUM> thereof, can estimate an energy demand for at least a subset of desired flight plans for the fleet of vehicles, such as the fleet of aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>. In one non-limiting example, the estimation module <NUM> or the prediction module <NUM> can be utilized to estimate or predict a cumulative energy demand for a set of desired flight plans. The estimating or predicting the energy demand can be at least partially based on data received by the flight plan database <NUM> defining a set of desired flight plans, data received from the location database <NUM> defining desired flight plan departure and arrival information and energy management system <NUM> capabilities at those respective departure and arrival locations, data received from the energy demand database <NUM> to estimate or predict energy demands of a desired flight plan (for instance, based on known aircraft system or subsystem information), data received from the replaceable power source inventory database <NUM> defining available energy module <NUM>, <NUM> placement and capacity information, or a combination thereof.

In this sense, the energy management system <NUM> can receive the aforementioned information or data, or a subset thereof, and estimate or predict an energy demand for the set of desired flight plans for the fleet. Based on that estimated or predicted energy demand, the energy management system <NUM> can compare or determine how that estimated or predicted energy demand relates to the current replaceable power source inventory or a future replaceable power source inventory. In non-limiting examples, the current the current replaceable power source inventory or a future replaceable power source inventory can be determined, compared, predicted, estimated, or some combination thereof, by the energy capacity determination module <NUM>, based at least on the replaceable power source inventory database <NUM> information or data.

As used herein, a "current replaceable power source inventory" can include the current state of the set of energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> defined by or tracked by the energy management system <NUM> or the replaceable power source inventory database <NUM>, while a "future replaceable power source inventory" can include or incorporate aspects of energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> that can be charged or recharged, or will have arrived by way of transport, such as from an arriving aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> or car <NUM>, by the time the desired flight plan is acted upon or departs.

It is understood that during this comparison or determine how that estimated or predicted energy demand relates to the current replaceable power source inventory or a future replaceable power source inventory, only a subset of the desired flight plans can find adequate allotment of energy demanded. It is further envisioned that in some instances, a set or subset of desired flight plans can be configured, updated, altered, or otherwise modified, based on adequate or inadequate allotment of energy demanded. In this sense, the comparison or determination can further determine that at least a subset of energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> (current replaceable power source inventory, future replaceable power source inventory, or a combination thereof) can meet the determination, the demand, or the like, for at least a subset of the desired flight plans, and can assign, allot, locate, or the like, the respective energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> for the subset of the desired flight plans. Stated another way, the comparison or determination can determine that a sufficient amount, quantity, number, or the like, of energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> are locatable for a particular subset of desired flight plans, such that those desired flight plans can operate while meeting or exceeding the energy demand for those respective desired flight plans.

In response to the determination that a sufficient amount, quantity, number, or the like, of energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> are locatable for a particular subset of desired flight plans, the energy management system <NUM> can generate, for example, by way of the power source inventory distribution plan module <NUM>, a power source inventory distribution plan locating, assigning, allotting, or the like, the respective energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> for the respective desired flight plan. In this sense, the energy management system <NUM> produces or generates a distribution plan enabling distribution of the energy module <NUM>, <NUM> according to the desired or now-assigned flight plans. In non-limiting examples, the produced or generated power source inventory distribution plan can include the current or predicted location of the energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> at the time the energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> will be needed for the desired flight plan, a charge or charging state of the respective energy modules <NUM>, <NUM>, and the like, for the fleet of aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> operating the desired flight plan.

The power source inventory distribution plan or energy management system <NUM> can include or output one or more guides, reports, instructions, or operation manuals for enabling the allocation of the set of energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> in accordance with the power source inventory distribution plan. In non-limiting examples, the power source inventory distribution plan or energy management system <NUM> can output a set of location plans <NUM>, such as a location plan <NUM> for each respective location implicated or utilized in the power source inventory distribution plan. In this example, people, staff, workers, or the like, can operate the charging stations <NUM>, move or distribute the energy modules <NUM>, <NUM>, or the like, for that respective location in order to accommodate, accomplish, enable, or otherwise operate the location in accordance with the power source inventory distribution plan.

In non-limiting example, the power source inventory distribution plan or energy management system <NUM> can include or output a set of vehicle plans <NUM>, such as a vehicle plan <NUM> for each respective vehicle, car <NUM>, aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, or the like, in the fleet implicated or utilized in the power source inventory distribution plan. In this example, people, staff, workers, or the like, can replace, exchange, load or unload, the assigned or allotted energy modules <NUM>, <NUM>, or the like, in accordance with the power source inventory distribution plan. In another non-limiting example, the vehicle plan <NUM> can provide guidance for multiple travel legs of a desired flight plan or travel plan over a period of operation. In this sense, the set of vehicle plans <NUM> can be utilized in order to accommodate, accomplish, enable, or otherwise operate the particular vehicle in accordance with the power source inventory distribution plan.

In yet non-limiting example, the power source inventory distribution plan or energy management system <NUM> can include or output a set of charging station plans <NUM>, such as a list, a manifest, an assignment, and expectation, or the like, for energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> (including specific energy modules <NUM>, <NUM>) arriving at a location that need to be charged or recharged, and implicated or utilized in the power source inventory distribution plan. In this example, people, staff, workers, or the like, can replace, exchange, load or unload, the assigned or allotted energy modules <NUM>, <NUM>, or the like, into and out from the set of charging stations <NUM> at a respective location in accordance with the power source inventory distribution plan. In another non-limiting example, the vehicle plan <NUM> can provide guidance for multiple energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> over a period of charging or recharging time, or charging or recharging operation. In this sense, the set of charging station plans <NUM> can be utilized in order to accommodate, accomplish, enable, or otherwise operate the particular charging stations in accordance with the power source inventory distribution plan.

<FIG> is an example flow chart diagram of demonstrating a method <NUM> of operating a dischargeable power system module <NUM> of a vehicle, such as an aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, in accordance with various aspects described herein. The method <NUM> of operating a dischargeable power system module <NUM> of an aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, the dischargeable power system module <NUM> having a set of replaceable dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> selectively interconnected to define at least one power system module power output <NUM>, includes receiving, at an energy management module <NUM> having a controller module, a power demand <NUM> for a set of power-consuming subsystems <NUM> respectively associated with and operably powered by the dischargeable power system module <NUM>, at <NUM>. The method <NUM> can include, for example, in response to receiving the power demand <NUM>, selectively discharging at least a subset of replaceable dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> housed in a chassis <NUM> of the dischargeable power system module <NUM> to meet the power demand <NUM>, at <NUM>.

Non-limiting aspects of the disclosure can be included where the method <NUM> includes estimating, by the energy management module <NUM>, a cumulative flight operation power demand <NUM> for the remainder of an aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> flight operation, at <NUM>. In another non-limiting aspect, the method <NUM> can include comparing, by the energy management module <NUM>, the cumulative flight operation power demand with a quantity of dischargeable power of the dischargeable power system module <NUM>, at <NUM>. In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can include, determining, by the energy management module <NUM>, an excess quantity of dischargeable power exists based on the comparison when the quantity of dischargeable power of the dischargeable power system module <NUM> is greater than the estimated cumulative flight operation power demand for the remainder of the aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> flight operation, at <NUM>. In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can include operably sharing power between the dischargeable power system module <NUM> and other dischargeable power system modules <NUM> during at least one of an aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> cruise phase, aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> approach phase, or aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> landing phase, in order to reduce the number of energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> of the aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> to be replaced in-between aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> operations.

The sequence depicted is for illustrative purposes only and is not meant to limit the method <NUM> in any way as it is understood that the portions of the method <NUM> can proceed in a different logical order, additional or intervening portions can be included, or described portions of the method can be divided into multiple portions, or described portions of the method can be omitted without detracting from the described method. For instance, in one non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can include operably sharing power between the dischargeable power system module <NUM> and other dischargeable power system modules until the dischargeable power system module <NUM> substantially discharges the set of energy modules <NUM>, <NUM>. In another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can include operably sharing power between the dischargeable power system module <NUM> and other dischargeable power system modules <NUM> includes operably sharing power until the set of rechargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> of the other dischargeable power system modules <NUM> are recharged.

In yet another non-limiting example aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can further include ejecting at least one substantial discharged energy module <NUM>, <NUM> from the aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> during flight operations. Non-limiting examples of ejecting a discharged energy module <NUM>, <NUM> can include ejecting a completely discharged energy module <NUM>, <NUM> to reduce weight of the aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, to reduce risks associated with carrying a discharged or partially discharged energy module <NUM>, <NUM>, to eliminate an energy module <NUM>, <NUM> experiencing a failure, for example, as determined by an energy module <NUM>, <NUM> health system or battery health system, the like, or a combination thereof.

In yet another non-limiting example aspect, the remainder of the aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> flight operation includes at least two legs of a flight plan. In this sense, an aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> can include, be determined to load, or be instructed to load a sufficient number of energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> to complete more than one flight plan leg, for instance, to avoid a destination between legs that may not have sufficient power source inventory or charged energy module <NUM>, <NUM> inventory to replace spent or discharged energy modules <NUM>, <NUM>.

In yet another non-limiting example aspect of the disclosure, operably sharing power further comprises determining a capacity of replacement energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> at an aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> destination, such as an airport <NUM> or other location, and operably sharing power to discharge a subset of the energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> replaceable by the capacity of replacement energy module <NUM>, <NUM>. In yet another non-limiting aspect of the method <NUM>, determining a capacity of replacement energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> can further include estimating recharging of rechargeable replacement energy modules <NUM>, <NUM>, for instance by a charging station <NUM>, and predicting at least a subset of the rechargeable replacement energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> will be recharged, for instance, by the time they would be needed to meet a desired flight plan. In yet another non-limiting example of the method, operably sharing power can prioritize recharging at least a subset of rechargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> of at least one of the dischargeable power system module <NUM> or the other dischargeable power system module <NUM> based on a determined capacity.

<FIG> is an example flow chart diagram of demonstrating a method <NUM> of operating an energy management system <NUM> for a fleet of aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, in accordance with various aspects described herein. Non-limiting aspects of the method <NUM> can include receiving, by a controller module <NUM> of the energy management system <NUM>, a desired flight plan database <NUM> for the fleet of vehicles or aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, the desired flight plan database <NUM> defining at least a desired flight plan for each of the fleet of vehicles or aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> and a location of each of the fleet of vehicles or aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, at <NUM>.

Non-limiting aspects of the method <NUM> can further include receiving, by the controller module <NUM>, a replaceable power source inventory database <NUM> defining at least a set of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM>, at <NUM>. In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can include estimating an energy demand for at least a subset of the desired flight plans for the fleet of vehicles or aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, for example, by an estimation module <NUM>, at <NUM>. While "estimating" is described, non-limiting aspects of the disclosure can additionally or alternatively include predicting an energy demand for at least a subset of the desired flight plans for the fleet of vehicles or aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, for example, by a prediction module <NUM>.

In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can include determining whether a set of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> are locatable at a respective location of at least a subset of the fleet of vehicles or aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> based on at least the replaceable power source inventory database <NUM> and the subset of desired flight plans of the desired flight plan database <NUM>, at <NUM>. Additionally, or alternatively, the determining whether a set of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> are locatable at a respective location of at least a subset of the fleet of vehicles or aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> based on the location database <NUM>. In yet another non-limiting example of the disclosure, the location database, or information contained therein, can be included in the replaceable power source inventory database <NUM>.

In yet another non-limiting aspect of the method <NUM>, based on the determination that set of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> are locatable at a respective location of at least a subset of the fleet of vehicles or aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, generate, by the energy management system <NUM>, a power source inventory distribution plan, for example, by way of the power source inventory distribution plan module <NUM>, allocating a subset of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> for the at least a subset of the desired flight plans for the fleet of vehicles or aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, at <NUM>.

The sequence depicted is for illustrative purposes only and is not meant to limit the method <NUM> in any way as it is understood that the portions of the method can proceed in a different logical order, additional or intervening portions can be included, or described portions of the method can be divided into multiple portions, or described portions of the method can be omitted without detracting from the described method. For example, non-limiting aspects of the method <NUM> can further include loading the set of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> onto the at least a subset of the fleet of vehicles or aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> in accordance with the power source inventory distribution plan.

In another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can include flying the at least a subset of the fleet of aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> in accordance with respective flight plan and the power source inventory distribution plan. In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can include updating the replaceable power source inventory database <NUM> to reflect the allocated subset of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> of the power source inventory distribution plan. In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can be included wherein receiving the desired flight plan database <NUM> defining a least a desired multi-leg flight plan for at least a subset of the fleet of aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, and a location for each leg of the respective flight plan.

In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can be included wherein estimating includes estimating an energy demand for each leg of the desired multi-leg flight plan, and determining whether a set of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> are locatable at at least a subset of respective locations for each leg of the respective flight plan. In yet another non-limiting example of aspects of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can be included wherein generating a power source inventory distribution plan includes allocating a subset of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> for a respective multi-leg flight plan.

In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can be included wherein allocating a subset of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> for a respective multi-leg flight plan includes allocating a first subset of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> for a first leg of the respective multi-leg flight plan and allocating a second subset of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> for a second leg of the respective multi-leg flight plan. In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can be included wherein the first subset of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> meets the estimated energy demand for the first leg of the respective multi-leg flight plan and wherein the second subset of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> meets the estimated energy demand for the second leg of the respective multi-leg flight plan.

In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can be included wherein the first subset of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> meets the estimated energy demand for the first leg of the respective multi-leg flight plan and at least partially meets the estimated energy demand for the second leg of the respective multi-leg flight plan. In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can further include generating, by the energy management system <NUM>, a charging plan <NUM> for operating a set of charging stations <NUM> to recharge a discharged subset of energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> such that the subset of discharged energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> are recharged and available at a respective location in accordance with the power source inventory distribution plan. In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can be included wherein the desired flight plan database <NUM> defines temporal data for the desired flight plan for each of the fleet of vehicles or aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, and wherein the generating the power source inventory distribution plan allocates a subset of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> in accordance with the temporal data of the at least a subset of the desired flight plans for the fleet of aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>.

In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can be included wherein the replaceable power source inventory database <NUM> further defines a charge state <NUM> for each of the set of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM>, and wherein determining whether a set of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> are locatable at a respective location includes estimating a recharge time, based on the charge state <NUM>, for each of the set of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> at the respective location. In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can include generating, by the energy management system <NUM>, a charging plan <NUM> for operating a set of charging stations <NUM> to recharge a discharged subset of energy modules <NUM>, <NUM>, based on the charge state <NUM> of the set of dischargeable energy modules32, <NUM>, such that the subset of discharged energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> are recharged and available at a respective location in accordance with the power source inventory distribution plan.

In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can include generating updated desired flight plans for at least a subset of the fleet of aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> to prioritize selective discharging of energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> based on reallocating dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> at different destinations. In this sense, the prioritized discharging of energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> can be utilized for reallocating energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> at locations that lack energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> or are in need of additional energy modules <NUM>, <NUM>. In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can be included wherein the replaceable power source inventory database <NUM> further defines a location of each of the set of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM>, and generating, by the energy management system <NUM>, a reallocation plan for balanced reallocation of the dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> at different destinations.

In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can include receiving, by the controller module <NUM>, a weather database related to the desired flight plans of the fleet of aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, and generating, by the energy management system <NUM>, a power source inventory distribution plan allocating a subset of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> for the at least a subset of the desired flight plans for the fleet of aircraft <NUM>, <NUM>, based at least in part on the weather database. In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can include generating an updated a power source inventory distribution plan, based on an updated desired flight plan database <NUM> including at least one completed flight plan, and based on an updated replaceable power source inventory database <NUM> reflecting the set of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> of the at least one completed flight plan.

In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can include generating an updated desired flight plan database <NUM> for at least a subset of the fleet of aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> based at least on the generated power source inventory distribution plan allocating a subset of dischargeable energy modules <NUM>, <NUM>. In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can include generating an updated a power source inventory distribution plan, based on an ejection of at least one dischargeable energy module <NUM>, <NUM> from at least one aircraft <NUM>, <NUM> during flight. In yet another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, the method <NUM> can be repeated on a time basis, repeated after a period of time (e.g. each hour, or each day), or can be repeatable with updates to at least one of respective databases <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, and a new power source inventory distribution plan can be generated.

Many other possible aspects and configurations in addition to that shown in the above figures are contemplated by the present disclosure.

The aspects disclosed herein provide an aircraft utilizing replaceable energy modules and an energy management system utilized for planning and allocating energy modules to meet energy demands of a flight plan for a fleet of vehicles. The technical effect is that the above described aspects enable the design, estimation, prediction, enablement, and implementation of utilizing replaceable energy modules in a fleet of vehicles, such as aircraft, across many locations, vehicles, operators, and considerations of allocation. One advantage that can be realized in the above aspects is that the above described aspects enable intelligent utilization for energy demands based on several factors. One such consideration could include utilizing high energy density energy modules for suitable application, managing the energy module use and utilization to ensure long operational life or maximum performance, or the like.

Another advantage to the aspects of the disclosure can include dedicated power system modules <NUM> for respective dedicated power-consuming systems or subsystems. Such allocation of power system modules <NUM> to power-consuming systems can further ensure proper or tailored utilization of particular energy modules <NUM>, <NUM> where best suited for operational effectiveness of the vehicle. Yet another advantage can include taking into consideration the future travel plan of a particular vehicle or flight plan, and making recommendations for energy modules or uses for pilot of driver review and implementation.

Yet another advantage of aspects of the disclosure can include the use of tailored or modular power energy modules or power system modules having weight dependent on a flight or travel plan rather than fixed energy or weight systems. Stated another way, the weight of energy demanded for a travel plan can be proportional or variably related to the energy demanded, not a fixed over-weight. Yet another non-limiting advantage of the disclosure can include reduced down time or maintenance time due to plug-and-play replacement energy module system. Yet another non-limiting advantage to aspects of the disclosure is ease of implementation and utilization for interchangeable health monitoring, repair, and replacement of individual and independent energy modules.

Yet another advantage to the disclosure is the adaptable across multiple systems, platforms, and vehicles to utilize a common energy module design and configuration.

To the extent not already described, the different features and structures of the various aspects can be used in combination with each other as desired. That one feature cannot be illustrated in all of the aspects is not meant to be construed that it cannot be, but is done for brevity of description. Thus, the various features of the different aspects can be mixed and matched as desired to form new aspects, whether or not the new aspects are expressly described. Combinations or permutations of features described herein are covered by this disclosure.

Claim 1:
A method of operating an energy management system (<NUM>) for a fleet of aircraft (<NUM>, <NUM>), the method comprising:
receiving, by a controller module (<NUM>) of the energy management system (<NUM>), a desired flight plan database (<NUM>) for the fleet of aircraft (<NUM>, <NUM>), defining at least a desired flight plan for each of the fleet of aircraft (<NUM>, <NUM>) and a location of each of the fleet of aircraft (<NUM>, <NUM>);
receiving, by the controller module (<NUM>), a replaceable power source inventory database (<NUM>) defining at least a set of dischargeable energy modules (<NUM>, <NUM>);
estimating an energy demand for at least a subset of the desired flight plans for the fleet of aircraft (<NUM>, <NUM>);
determining whether a set of dischargeable energy modules (<NUM>, <NUM>) are locatable at a respective location of at least a subset of the fleet of aircraft (<NUM>, <NUM>) based on at least the replaceable power source inventory database (<NUM>) and the subset of desired flight plans of the desired flight plan database (<NUM>);
based on the determination that set of dischargeable energy modules (<NUM>, <NUM>) are locatable at a respective location of at least a subset of the fleet of aircraft (<NUM>, <NUM>), generate, by the energy management system (<NUM>), a power source inventory distribution plan (<NUM>) allocating a subset of dischargeable energy modules (<NUM>, <NUM>) for the at least a subset of the desired flight plans for the fleet of aircraft (<NUM>, <NUM>); and
loading the set of dischargeable energy modules (<NUM>, <NUM>) onto the at least a subset of the fleet of aircraft (<NUM>, <NUM>) in accordance with the power source inventory distribution plan (<NUM>).