Patent Description:
<NPL>" concerns the design of SA and data pools in V2X communication, and discusses various resource allocations schemes for SL. <NPL>" concerns subcarrier spacing for accessing, and flexible bandwidth operations on, unlicensed bands for New Radio (NR). <NPL>" concerns PRACH resource configuration for transmission on a LAA SCell.

A wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of base stations (BSs), each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE).

To meet the growing demands for expanded mobile broadband connectivity, wireless communication technologies are advancing from the LTE technology to a next generation new radio (NR) technology. NR may provision for dynamic medium sharing among network operators in a licensed spectrum, a shared spectrum, and/or an unlicensed spectrum. For example, shared spectrums and/or unlicensed spectrums may include frequency bands at about <NUM> gigahertz (GHz), about <NUM>, and about <NUM>.

Some shared spectrums and/or unlicensed spectrums may have certain PSD requirements. For example, the European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETSI) document EN <NUM><NUM> V2. <NUM> specifies various PSD limits for sub-<NUM> frequency bands and the ETSI draft document EN <NUM><NUM> V2. <NUM> specifies a maximum equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) and an EIRP density for <NUM> frequency bands. Some other frequency bands, such as citizens broadband radio service (CBRS) bands at about <NUM>, may not restrict transmissions to a particular PSD limit. In general, different spectrums may have different PSD requirements and/or different bandwidth occupancy requirements. Thus, during spectrum sharing, transmissions in such shared spectrums and/or unlicensed spectrums are required to meet PSD requirements and/or frequency occupancy requirements of corresponding spectrums.

In the following, each of the described methods, apparatuses, systems, examples, and aspects which do not correspond to the invention as defined in the claims is thus not according to the invention and is, as well as the whole following description, present for illustration purposes only or to highlight specific aspects or features of the claims. The following summarizes some aspects of the present disclosure to provide a basic understanding of the discussed technology. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects of the disclosure in summary form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

For example, in an aspect of the disclosure, a method of wireless communication including selecting, by a first wireless communication device, a waveform structure between an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure for communicating in a frequency spectrum; and communicating, by the first wireless communication device with a second wireless communication device in the frequency spectrum, a communication signal based on the selected waveform structure.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus including means for selecting a waveform structure between an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure for communicating in a frequency spectrum; and means for communicating, with a second wireless communication device in the frequency spectrum, a communication signal based on the selected waveform structure.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, a computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, the program code including code for causing a first wireless communication device to select a waveform structure between an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure for communicating in a frequency spectrum; and code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate, with a second wireless communication device in the frequency spectrum, a communication signal based on the selected waveform structure.

The techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communication networks such as code-division multiple access (CDMA), time-division multiple access (TDMA), frequency-division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) and other networks. An OFDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE <NUM> (Wi-Fi), IEEE <NUM> (WiMAX), IEEE <NUM>, Flash-OFDMA, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) are new releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. The techniques described herein may be used for the wireless networks and radio technologies mentioned above as well as other wireless networks and radio technologies, such as a next generation (e.g., <NUM>th Generation (<NUM>) operating in mmWave bands) network.

The present application describes mechanisms for communicating in a frequency spectrum using interlaced frequency structure and non-interlaced frequency structure based on power spectral density (PSD) parameters. The PSD parameters may be associated with a maximum PSD level or a range of PSD levels allowable in the frequency spectrum, a target transmit PSD level, and/or a power utilization factor of a transmitter. An interlaced frequency structure may include multiple sets of interlacing frequency bands. For example, a transmission signal may be transmitted in a set of frequency bands spaced apart from each other and interlaced with another set of frequency bands. The distribution of a transmit signal in a frequency domain can reduce the transmit PSD of the signal. For example, a frequency occupancy distribution factor of about <NUM> may allow a transmitter to increase the transmit power by about <NUM> decibels (dB) while maintaining the same PSD level. Thus, the distribution in the frequency domain can improve power utilization. The disclosed embodiments may further improve power utilization by employing time domain repetitions (e.g., increasing a transmission duration) in conjunction with frequency interlacing. The disclosed embodiments may further improve power utilization by reducing a SCS in conjunction with frequency interlacing to allow for a greater frequency distribution.

In an embodiment, the selection between an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure may be band-dependent. For example, a BS or a UE may select an interlaced frequency structure when communicating in a frequency band with a PSD requirement. Alternatively, a BS or a UE may select a non-interlaced frequency structure when communicating in a frequency band without a PSD requirement. The BS and the UE may have prior knowledge of the PSD requirements in various frequency bands prior to communicating in the frequency bands.

In an embodiment, the selection between an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure may be network-specific. For example, a BS may signal an interlaced frequency structure for a frequency band with a PSD requirement. Alternatively, a BS may signal a non-interlaced frequency structure for a frequency band without a PSD requirement. The signaling may be a broadcast signal to all UEs in a network.

In an embodiment, the selection between an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure may be UE-specific. For example, a BS may configure a power-limited UE with an interlaced frequency structure and configure a non-power-limited UE with a non-interlaced frequency structure. The configuration may be carried in a radio resource configuration (RRC) message.

In an embodiment, a BS may configure some random access resources with an interlaced frequency structure and some other random access resources with a non-interlaced frequency structure. A UE may choose to send a random access channel (RACH) preamble with the interlaced or non-interlaced random access resources based on a downlink pathloss measurement. In addition, the UE may perform power ramping in a random access procedure between the interlaced and non-interlaced RACH resources. For example, the UE may begin with transmitting a random access signal using a non-interlaced frequency resource with an initial transmit power. The UE may increase the transmit power for subsequent random access signal transmissions. The UE may switch to use an interlaced frequency resource when the transmit power is increased to a level exceeding a maximum PSD level allowable in a frequency band of the non-interlaced frequency resources.

Aspects of the present application can provide several benefits. For example, the use of frequency interlacing may improve power utilization at a transmitter. The band-dependent, network-specific, and/or UE-specific selections allow dynamic multiplexing of interlaced frequency channels and non-interlaced frequency channels based on PSD requirements and UEs' power utilization factors. The use of TTI bundling and/or reduced SCS provides flexibility in scheduling with power utilization consideration. The disclosed embodiments may be suitable for use in any wireless communication network with any wireless communication protocol.

<FIG> illustrates a wireless communication network <NUM> according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The network <NUM> includes BSs <NUM>, UEs <NUM>, and a core network <NUM>. In some embodiments, the network <NUM> operates over a shared spectrum. The shared spectrum may be unlicensed or partially licensed to one or more network operators. Access to the spectrum may be limited and may be controlled by a separate coordination entity. In some embodiments, the network <NUM> may be a LTE or LTE-A network. In yet other embodiments, the network <NUM> may be a millimeter wave (mmW) network, a new radio (NR) network, a <NUM> network, or any other successor network to LTE. The network <NUM> may be operated by more than one network operator. Wireless resources may be partitioned and arbitrated among the different network operators for coordinated communication between the network operators over the network <NUM>.

The BSs <NUM> may wirelessly communicate with the UEs <NUM> via one or more BS antennas. Each BS <NUM> may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area <NUM>. In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to this particular geographic coverage area of a BS and/or a BS subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. In this regard, a BS <NUM> may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and/or other types of cell. A pico cell may generally cover a relatively smaller geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A femto cell may also generally cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and, in addition to unrestricted access, may also provide restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs for users in the home, and the like). In the example shown in <FIG>, the BSs 105a, 105b and 105c are examples of macro BSs for the coverage areas 110a, 110b and 110c, respectively. The BSs 105d is an example of a pico BS or a femto BS for the coverage area 110d. As will be recognized, a BS <NUM> may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells.

Communication links <NUM> shown in the network <NUM> may include uplink (UL) transmissions from a UE <NUM> to a BS <NUM>, or downlink (DL) transmissions, from a BS <NUM> to a UE <NUM>. The UEs <NUM> may be dispersed throughout the network <NUM>, and each UE <NUM> may be stationary or mobile. A UE <NUM> may also be referred to as a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. A UE <NUM> may also be a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a personal electronic device, a handheld device, a personal computer, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, a machine type communication (MTC) device, an appliance, an automobile, or the like.

The BSs <NUM> may communicate with the core network <NUM> and with one another. At least some of the BSs <NUM> (e.g., which may be an example of an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation NodeB (gNB), or an access node controller (ANC)) may interface with the core network <NUM> through backhaul links <NUM> (e.g., S1, S2, etc.) and may perform radio configuration and scheduling for communication with the UEs <NUM>. In various examples, the BSs <NUM> may communicate, either directly or indirectly (e.g., through core network <NUM>), with each other over backhaul links <NUM> (e.g., X1, X2, etc.), which may be wired or wireless communication links.

Each BS <NUM> may also communicate with a number of UEs <NUM> through a number of other BSs <NUM>, where the BS <NUM> may be an example of a smart radio head. In alternative configurations, various functions of each BS <NUM> may be distributed across various BSs <NUM> (e.g., radio heads and access network controllers) or consolidated into a single BS <NUM>.

In some implementations, the network <NUM> utilizes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) on the downlink and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the UL. OFDM and SC-FDM partition the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones, bins, or the like. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data.

In an embodiment, the BSs <NUM> can assign or schedule transmission resources (e.g., in the form of time-frequency resource blocks) for DL and UL transmissions in the network <NUM>. DL refers to the transmission direction from a BS <NUM> to a UE <NUM>, whereas UL refers to the transmission direction from a UE <NUM> to a BS <NUM>. The communication can be in the form of radio frames. A radio frame may be divided into a plurality of subframes, for example, about <NUM>. Each subframe can be divided into slots, for example, about <NUM>. Each slot may be further divided into mini-slots. In a frequency-division duplexing (FDD) mode, simultaneous UL and DL transmissions may occur in different frequency bands. For example, each subframe includes a UL subframe in a UL frequency band and a DL subframe in a DL frequency band. In a time-division duplexing (TDD) mode, UL and DL transmissions occur at different time periods using the same frequency band. For example, a subset of the subframes (e.g., DL subframes) in a radio frame may be used for DL transmissions and another subset of the subframes (e.g., UL subframes) in the radio frame may be used for UL transmissions.

The DL subframes and the UL subframes can be further divided into several regions. For example, each DL or UL subframe may have pre-defined regions for transmissions of reference signals, control information, and data. Reference signals are predetermined signals that facilitate the communications between the BSs <NUM> and the UEs <NUM>. For example, a reference signal can have a particular pilot pattern or structure, where pilot tones may span across an operational bandwidth or frequency band, each positioned at a pre-defined time and a pre-defined frequency. For example, a BS <NUM> may transmit cell specific reference signals (CRSs) and/or channel state information -reference signals (CSI-RSs) to enable a UE <NUM> to estimate a DL channel. Similarly, a UE <NUM> may transmit sounding reference signals (SRSs) to enable a BS <NUM> to estimate a UL channel. Control information may include resource assignments and protocol controls. Data may include protocol data and/or operational data. In some embodiments, the BSs <NUM> and the UEs <NUM> may communicate using self-contained subframes. A self-contained subframe may include a portion for DL communication and a portion for UL communication. A self-contained subframe can be DL-centric or UL-centric. A DL-centric subframe may include a longer duration for DL communication than UL communication. A UL-centric subframe may include a longer duration for UL communication than UL communication.

In an embodiment, a UE <NUM> attempting to access the network <NUM> may perform an initial cell search by detecting a primary synchronization signal (PSS) from a BS <NUM>. The PSS may enable synchronization of period timing and may indicate a physical layer identity value. The UE <NUM> may then receive a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). The SSS may enable radio frame synchronization, and may provide a cell identity value, which may be combined with the physical layer identity value to identify the cell. The SSS may also enable detection of a duplexing mode and a cyclic prefix length. Some systems, such as TDD systems, may transmit an SSS but not a PSS. Both the PSS and the SSS may be located in a central portion of a carrier, respectively.

After receiving the PSS and SSS, the UE <NUM> may receive a master information block (MIB), which may be transmitted in the physical broadcast channel (PBCH). The MIB may contain system bandwidth information, a system frame number (SFN), and a Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) configuration. After decoding the MIB, the UE <NUM> may receive one or more system information blocks (SIBs). For example, SIB1 may contain cell access parameters and scheduling information for other SIBs. Decoding SIB1 may enable the UE <NUM> to receive SIB2. SIB2 may contain radio resource configuration (RRC) configuration information related to random access channel (RACH) procedures, paging, physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), power control, SRS, and cell barring. After obtaining the MIB and/or the SIBs, the UE <NUM> can perform random access procedures to establish a connection with the BS <NUM>. After establishing the connection, the UE <NUM> and the BS <NUM> can enter a normal operation stage, where operational data may be exchanged.

In some embodiments, the UEs <NUM> may perform transmit power control (TPC) instead of transmitting at a full power to allow for multiplexing in a frequency domain, multiplexing in a spatial domain, and/or interference management. For example, a UE <NUM> may reduce the transmit power to a minimum power sufficient to maintain a communication link <NUM> at a certain quality.

In an embodiment, the network <NUM> may operate over a shared channel, which may include a licensed spectrum, a shared spectrum, and/or an unlicensed spectrum, and may support dynamic medium sharing. A BS <NUM> or a UE <NUM> may reserve a transmission opportunity (TXOP) in a shared channel by transmitting a reservation signal prior to transmitting data in the TXOP. Other BSs <NUM> and/or other UEs <NUM> may listen to the channel and refrain from accessing the channel during the TXOP upon detection of the reservation signal. In some embodiments, the BSs <NUM> and/or the UEs <NUM> may coordinate with each other to perform interference management for further spectrum utilization improvements.

In an embodiment, the network <NUM> may operate over various frequency bands, for example, in frequency ranges between about <NUM> to above <NUM>. Different frequency bands may have different PSD requirements. As described above, the ETSI document EN <NUM><NUM> V2. <NUM> specifies PSD requirements for various sub-<NUM> bands. For example, the frequency band between about <NUM> and about <NUM> may have a maximum allowable PSD level of about <NUM> dBm/MHz with TPC. The frequency band between about <NUM> and about <NUM> may have a maximum allowable PSD level of about <NUM> dBm/MHz without TPC. The frequency band between about <NUM> and about <NUM> may have a maximum allowable PSD level of about <NUM> dBm/MHz without TPC. The frequency band between about <NUM> and about <NUM> may have a maximum allowable PSD level of about <NUM> dBm/MHz with TPC and a maximum allowable PSD level of about <NUM> dBm/MHz without TPC. The ETSI draft document EN <NUM><NUM> V2. <NUM> specifies a maximum EIRP and an EIRP density for <NUM> bands. For example, a <NUM> band may allow an EIRP density of about <NUM> dBm/MHz and an EIRP of about <NUM> dBm.

To meet a certain PSD limit in a frequency spectrum, a transmitter (e.g., the BSs <NUM> and the UEs <NUM>) may employ frequency interlacing to spread a transmission signal over a wider bandwidth. For example, a transmitter may transmit a signal over multiple narrow frequency bands spaced apart from each other in a frequency bandwidth at a higher power than transmitting the signal over contiguous frequencies. In an embodiment, the BSs <NUM> and the UEs <NUM> may communicate over the various frequency bands by selecting between an interlaced frequency waveform and a non-interlaced frequency waveform depending on the PSD requirements in the frequency spectrums and/or the power utilization factors of the UEs <NUM>. Mechanisms for selecting between the interlaced frequency waveform and the non-interlaced frequency waveform are described in greater detail herein.

<FIG> is a block diagram of an exemplary UE <NUM> according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The UE <NUM> may be a UE <NUM> as discussed above. As shown, the UE <NUM> may include a processor <NUM>, a memory <NUM>, a waveform selection module <NUM>, a transceiver <NUM> including a modem subsystem <NUM> and a radio frequency (RF) unit <NUM>, and one or more antennas <NUM>. These elements may be in direct or indirect communication with each other, for example via one or more buses.

The memory <NUM> may include a cache memory (e.g., a cache memory of the processor <NUM>), random access memory (RAM), magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, solid state memory device, hard disk drives, other forms of volatile and non-volatile memory, or a combination of different types of memory. In an embodiment, the memory <NUM> includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The instructions <NUM> may include instructions that, when executed by the processor <NUM>, cause the processor <NUM> to perform the operations described herein with reference to the UEs <NUM> in connection with embodiments of the present disclosure. Instructions <NUM> may also be referred to as code. The terms "instructions" and "code" should be interpreted broadly to include any type of computer-readable statement(s). For example, the terms "instructions" and "code" may refer to one or more programs, routines, subroutines, functions, procedures, etc. "Instructions" and "code" may include a single computer-readable statement or many computer-readable statements.

The waveform selection module <NUM> may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, the waveform selection module <NUM> may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and/or instructions <NUM> stored in the memory <NUM> and executed by the processor <NUM>. The waveform selection module <NUM> may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure. For example, the waveform selection module <NUM> is configured to select a waveform structure between an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure for communicating in a frequency spectrum, receive waveform configurations from BSs such as the BSs <NUM>, and/or perform power ramping with or without frequency interlacing for initial network accesses. The waveform selection module <NUM> may perform the selection based on a prior knowledge of a PSD requirement (e.g., a PSD limit or a range of allowable PSD levels) in a frequency spectrum, a received waveform configuration, and/or a power headroom (e.g., a power utilization factor) of the UE <NUM>, as described in greater detail herein.

As shown, the transceiver <NUM> may include the modem subsystem <NUM> and the RF unit <NUM>. The transceiver <NUM> can be configured to communicate bi-directionally with other devices, such as the BSs <NUM>. The modem subsystem <NUM> may be configured to modulate and/or encode the data from the memory <NUM>, and/or the waveform selection module <NUM> according to a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), e.g., a low-density parity check (LDPC) coding scheme, a turbo coding scheme, a convolutional coding scheme, a digital beamforming scheme, etc. The RF unit <NUM> may be configured to process (e.g., perform analog to digital conversion or digital to analog conversion, etc.) modulated/encoded data from the modem subsystem <NUM> (on outbound transmissions) or of transmissions originating from another source such as a UE <NUM> or a BS <NUM>. The RF unit <NUM> may be further configured to perform analog beamforming in conjunction with the digital beamforming. Although shown as integrated together in transceiver <NUM>, the modem subsystem <NUM> and the RF unit <NUM> may be separate devices that are coupled together at the UE <NUM> to enable the UE <NUM> to communicate with other devices.

The RF unit <NUM> may provide the modulated and/or processed data, e.g. data packets (or, more generally, data messages that may contain one or more data packets and other information), to the antennas <NUM> for transmission to one or more other devices. This may include, for example, transmission of communication signals using an interlaced frequency structure and/or a non-interlaced frequency structure according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The antennas <NUM> may further receive data messages transmitted from other devices. The antennas <NUM> may provide the received data messages for processing and/or demodulation at the transceiver <NUM>. The antennas <NUM> may include multiple antennas of similar or different designs in order to sustain multiple transmission links. The RF unit <NUM> may configure the antennas <NUM>.

<FIG> is a block diagram of an exemplary BS <NUM> according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The BS <NUM> may be a BS <NUM> as discussed above. A shown, the BS <NUM> may include a processor <NUM>, a memory <NUM>, a waveform selection module <NUM>, a transceiver <NUM> including a modem subsystem <NUM> and a RF unit <NUM>, and one or more antennas <NUM>. These elements may be in direct or indirect communication with each other, for example via one or more buses.

The waveform selection module <NUM> may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, the waveform selection module <NUM> may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and/or instructions <NUM> stored in the memory <NUM> and executed by the processor <NUM>. The waveform selection module <NUM> may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure. For example, the waveform selection module <NUM> is configured to select a waveform structure between an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure for communicating in a frequency spectrum, determine waveform configurations for different frequency spectrums and/or different UEs such as the UEs <NUM>, configure resources with different waveform configurations for initial network access, and/or transmit waveform configurations to UEs. The waveform selection module <NUM> may perform the selection and/or the determination based on a prior knowledge of a PSD requirement (e.g., a PSD limit or a range of allowable PSD levels) in a frequency spectrum and/or power headroom available in UEs, as described in greater detail herein.

As shown, the transceiver <NUM> may include the modem subsystem <NUM> and the RF unit <NUM>. The transceiver <NUM> can be configured to communicate bi-directionally with other devices, such as the UEs <NUM> and/or another core network element. The modem subsystem <NUM> may be configured to modulate and/or encode data according to a MCS, e.g., a LDPC coding scheme, a turbo coding scheme, a convolutional coding scheme, a digital beamforming scheme, etc. The RF unit <NUM> may be configured to process (e.g., perform analog to digital conversion or digital to analog conversion, etc.) modulated/encoded data from the modem subsystem <NUM> (on outbound transmissions) or of transmissions originating from another source such as a UE <NUM> or <NUM>. The RF unit <NUM> may be further configured to perform analog beamforming in conjunction with the digital beamforming. Although shown as integrated together in transceiver <NUM>, the modem subsystem <NUM> and the RF unit <NUM> may be separate devices that are coupled together at the BS <NUM> to enable the BS <NUM> to communicate with other devices.

The RF unit <NUM> may provide the modulated and/or processed data, e.g. data packets (or, more generally, data messages that may contain one or more data packets and other information), to the antennas <NUM> for transmission to one or more other devices. This may include, for example, transmission of information to complete attachment to a network and communication with a camped UE <NUM> or <NUM> according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The antennas <NUM> may further receive data messages transmitted from other devices and provide the received data messages for processing and/or demodulation at the transceiver <NUM>. The antennas <NUM> may include multiple antennas of similar or different designs in order to sustain multiple transmission links.

<FIG> and <FIG> illustrate various frequency interlacing mechanisms for distributing a transmission or a resource allocation over a frequency spectrum to improve power utilization. In <FIG> and <FIG>, the x-axes represent time in some constant units, and the y-axes represent frequency in some constant units.

<FIG> illustrates a frequency interlacing scheme <NUM> according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The scheme <NUM> may be employed by BSs such as the BSs <NUM> and <NUM> and UEs such as the UEs <NUM> and <NUM> to communicate over a frequency spectrum <NUM>. The frequency spectrum <NUM> may have bandwidth of about <NUM> megahertz (MHz) or about <NUM> and a SCS of about <NUM> or about <NUM>. The frequency spectrum <NUM> may be located at any suitable frequencies. In some embodiments, the frequency spectrum <NUM> may be at about <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM>. The scheme <NUM> allocates resources in units of interlaces <NUM> at a resource block (RB)-granularity level.

Each interlace <NUM> may include ten islands <NUM> evenly spaced over the frequency spectrum <NUM>. The interlaces are shown as <NUM>I(<NUM>) to <NUM>(M-<NUM>), where M is a positive integer depending on various factors, as described in greater detail herein. In an embodiment, the interlace <NUM>I(k) may be assigned to one UE and the interlace <NUM>I(k+<NUM>) may be assigned to another UE, where k may between <NUM> and M-<NUM>.

A group of M localized islands <NUM>, one from each interlace <NUM>, forms a cluster <NUM>. As shown, the interlaces <NUM>I(<NUM>) to <NUM>(M-<NUM>) form ten clusters <NUM>C(<NUM>) to <NUM>C(<NUM>). Each island <NUM> includes one RB <NUM>. Thus, the interlaces <NUM> have a granularity at an RB level. The RBs <NUM> are indexed from <NUM> to <NUM>. Each RB <NUM> may span about twelve subcarriers <NUM> in frequency and a time period <NUM>. The time period <NUM> may span any suitable number of OFDM symbols. In some embodiments, the time period <NUM> may include one transmission time interval (TTI), which may include about fourteen OFDM symbols.

While the scheme <NUM> is illustrated with ten clusters <NUM>, the number of clusters may vary depending on the bandwidth of the frequency spectrum <NUM>, the granularity of the interlaces <NUM>, and/or the SCS of the subcarriers <NUM>. In an embodiment, the frequency spectrum <NUM> may have a bandwidth of about <NUM> megahertz (MHz) and each subcarrier <NUM> may span about <NUM> in frequency. In such an embodiment, the frequency spectrum <NUM> may include about ten interlaces <NUM> (e.g., M = <NUM>). For example, an allocation may include one interlace <NUM> having ten distributed RBs <NUM>. Compared to an allocation with a single RB or ten localized RBs, the interlaced allocation with the ten distributed RBs <NUM> allows a UE to transmit at a higher power while maintaining the same PSD level.

In another embodiment, the frequency spectrum <NUM> may have a bandwidth of about <NUM> and each subcarrier <NUM> may span about <NUM> in frequency. In such an embodiment, the frequency spectrum <NUM> may include about five interlaces <NUM> (e.g., M = <NUM>). Similarly, an allocation may include one interlace <NUM> having ten distributed RBs. The interlaced allocation with the ten distributed RBs may allow for better power utilization than an allocation with a single RB or ten localized RBs at the same PSD level.

In another embodiment, the frequency spectrum <NUM> may have a bandwidth of about <NUM> and each subcarrier <NUM> may span about <NUM> in frequency. In such an embodiment, the frequency spectrum <NUM> may include about five interlaces <NUM> (e.g., M = <NUM>). Similarly, an allocation may include one interlace <NUM> having ten distributed RBs. The interlaced allocation with the ten distributed RBs may allow for better power utilization than an allocation with a single RB or ten localized RBs at the same PSD level.

The use of frequency interlacing for an allocation in the frequency spectrum <NUM> allows a transmitter to transmit at a higher power level than when an allocation occupies contiguous frequencies. As an example, the frequency spectrum <NUM> may have a maximum allowable PSD level of about <NUM> decibel-milliwatts per megahertz (dBm/MHz) and a transmitter (e.g., the UEs <NUM> and <NUM>) may have a power amplifier (PA) capable of transmitting at about <NUM> dBm. Distributing frequency occupancy of an allocation with five clusters <NUM> may allow the transmitter to transmit at about <NUM> dBm (e.g., with a power boost of about <NUM> dB) while maintaining a PSD level of about <NUM> dBm/MHz. Distributing frequency occupancy of an allocation with ten clusters <NUM> may allow the transmitter to transmit at a full power of about <NUM> dBm (e.g., with a power boost of about <NUM> dB) while maintaining a PSD level of about <NUM> dBm/MHz. Thus, the use of frequency interlacing for resource allocation can provide better power utilization.

In an embodiment, the scheme <NUM> may be applied to a PUCCH, a PUSCH, and a physical random access channel (PRACH) to provide a power boost at a transmitter. For example, a UE may transmit a random access preamble to a BS during an initial network access over a PRACH using one interlace <NUM>, transmit UL control information to a BS over a PUCCH using one interlace <NUM>, and/or transmit UL data over a PUSCH using one interlace <NUM>. In an embodiment, the scheme <NUM> may be applied to spectrum sharing, where a UE or a BS may transmit a medium reservation signal using an interlaced frequency structure, for example, one interlace <NUM>, to improve medium sensing performance.

<FIG> illustrates a frequency interlacing scheme <NUM> according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The scheme <NUM> may be employed by BSs such as the BSs <NUM> and <NUM> and UEs such as the UEs <NUM> and <NUM> to communicate over the frequency spectrum <NUM>. The frequency spectrum <NUM> may have a bandwidth of about <NUM> and a SCS of about <NUM>. The scheme <NUM> may be substantially similar to the scheme <NUM>. For example, the scheme <NUM> may allocate resources in units of interlaces <NUM>, shown as <NUM>I(<NUM>) to <NUM>(<NUM>). However, each interlace <NUM> may include five islands <NUM> evenly spaced over the frequency spectrum <NUM> instead of ten islands <NUM> evenly spaced over the frequency spectrum <NUM> as in the scheme <NUM>. A group of five localized islands <NUM>, one from each interlace <NUM>, forms a cluster <NUM>. As shown, the interlaces <NUM>I(<NUM>) to <NUM>(<NUM>) form five clusters <NUM>C(<NUM>) to <NUM>C(<NUM>). Each island <NUM> includes one RB <NUM>. Each RB <NUM> spans twelve subcarriers <NUM> in frequency and a time period <NUM>. Each subcarrier <NUM> may span about <NUM> in frequency. The time period <NUM> may include any suitable number of OFDM symbols.

The five interlaces <NUM> may allow a transmitter to have a power boost of about <NUM> dB. As an example, the frequency spectrum <NUM> may have a maximum allowable PSD level of about <NUM> dBm/MHz. The distribution of an interlace allocation into five islands <NUM> or five clusters <NUM> allows a transmitter to transmit at about <NUM> dBm. To further improve power utilization, the scheme <NUM> may apply time domain repetitions or TTI bundling, where an allocation may hop from one TTI to another TTI. For example, the time period <NUM> may include two TTIs (e.g., about <NUM> OFDM symbols) instead of one TTI (e.g., about <NUM> OFDM symbols) as in the scheme <NUM>. Such TTI bundling may allow the transmitter to further increase the transmit power to about <NUM> dBm (e.g., an increase of about <NUM> dB).

While the schemes <NUM> and <NUM> illustrate resource allocations at an RB granularity level, the schemes <NUM> and <NUM> may be alternatively configured to allocate resources at a different granularity to achieve similar functionalities. For example, the islands <NUM> or <NUM> can be defined in frequency units of about <NUM> subcarriers instead of twelve subcarriers to provide better power utilization.

<FIG> illustrate various mechanisms for selecting between an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure for communicating in a frequency spectrum such as the frequency spectrum <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates a band-dependent waveform selection scheme <NUM> according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The x-axis represents frequency in some constant units. The scheme <NUM> may be employed by BSs such as the BSs <NUM> and <NUM> and UEs such as the UEs <NUM> and <NUM> to determine whether to employ an interlaced frequency structure or a non-interlaced frequency structure for communications in a frequency spectrum based on a PSD parameter of the frequency spectrum. The scheme <NUM> may employ similar mechanisms as described in the schemes <NUM> and <NUM> with respect to <FIG> and <FIG>, respectively, when using an interlaced frequency structure. In the scheme <NUM>, BSs and UEs may have prior knowledge of PSD requirements in various frequency bands <NUM> and <NUM>. The frequency bands <NUM> and <NUM> may be located at any suitable frequencies.

As an example, the frequency band <NUM> may have a PSD limit, whereas the frequency band <NUM> may not have a PSD limit. To meet the PSD limit in the frequency band <NUM>, a BS may communicate with a UE in the frequency band <NUM> using an interlaced frequency structure (e.g., an interlace <NUM>I(k) or <NUM>I(k)). Since the frequency band <NUM> does not have a PSD limit, a BS may communicate with a UE in the frequency band <NUM> using a non-interlaced frequency structure (e.g., including contiguous frequencies).

<FIG> is a signaling diagram of a network-specific waveform selection method <NUM> according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The method <NUM> is implemented among a BS, a UE A, and a UE B. The BS may be similar to the BSs <NUM> and <NUM>. The UEs A and B may be similar to the UEs <NUM> and <NUM>. Steps of the method <NUM> can be executed by computing devices (e.g., a processor, processing circuit, and/or other suitable component) of the BS and the UEs A and B. As illustrated, the method <NUM> includes a number of enumerated steps, but embodiments of the method <NUM> may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. In some embodiments, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted or performed in a different order.

At step <NUM>, the BS transmits a configuration indicating waveform structures for various frequency bands (e.g., the frequency bands <NUM> and <NUM>). For example, the configuration may indicate an interlaced frequency structure (e.g., an interlace <NUM>I(k) or <NUM>I(k)) for a frequency band with a PSD limit and may indicate a non-interlaced frequency structure (e.g., including contiguous frequencies) for a frequency band without a PSD limit. In an embodiment, the BS may broadcast the configuration in a SIB to all UEs (e.g., including the UEs A and B) in a network (e.g., the network <NUM>).

At step <NUM>, the BS may communicate with the UE A and the UE B according to the configuration. The UE A or the UE B may determine whether to use an interlaced frequency structure or a non-interlaced frequency structure for communicating with the BS based on the waveform structures indicated in the received configuration. When the waveform structure for a frequency band indicates an interlaced frequency structure, the BS and the UE may communicate with each other using similar mechanisms as in the scheme <NUM> or <NUM>.

<FIG> is a signaling diagram of a UE-specific waveform selection method <NUM> according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The method <NUM> is implemented among a BS, a UE A, and a UE B. The BS may be similar to the BSs <NUM> and <NUM>. The UEs A and B may be similar to the UEs <NUM> and <NUM>. Steps of the method <NUM> can be executed by computing devices (e.g., a processor, processing circuit, and/or other suitable component) of the BS and the UEs A and B. As illustrated, the method <NUM> includes a number of enumerated steps, but embodiments of the method <NUM> may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. In some embodiments, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted or performed in a different order.

The method <NUM> may configure or assign transmissions per UE with an interlaced frequency structure or a non-interlaced frequency structure based on power headroom reports received from the UEs. For example, when a UE is power-limited, the BS may schedule a transmission (e.g., a PUSCH transmission) for the UE with an interlaced frequency structure. A UE is power-limited when the required transmit power for a UL transmission in a particular communication channel or link exceeds an available transmit power of the UE. Alternatively, when a UE is not power-limited, the BS may schedule a transmission for the UE with a non-interlaced frequency structure.

At step <NUM>, the BS transmits a configuration A indicating a waveform structure for the UE A. For example, the UE A is power-limited, and thus the waveform structure may indicate an interlaced frequency structure (e.g., an interlace <NUM>I(k) or <NUM>I(k)).

At step <NUM>, the BS transmits a configuration B indicating a waveform structure for the UE B. For example, the UE B is not power-limited, and thus the waveform structure may indicate a non-interlaced frequency structure (e.g., including contiguous frequencies).

At step <NUM>, the BS may communicate with the UE A based on the configuration A, for example, using the interlaced frequency structure.

At step <NUM>, the BS may communicate with the UE B based on the configuration B, for example, using the non-interlaced frequency structure.

In an embodiment, the BS may select an interlaced frequency structure or a non-interlaced frequency structure for a UE based on a power headroom of the UE and a PSD parameter (e.g., a PSD limit or a range of allowable PSD levels) of a frequency band. For example, the BS may schedule the UE A with an interlaced frequency structure in one frequency band and a non-interlaced frequency structure in another frequency band. Alternatively, the BS may schedule the UE A with an interlaced frequency structure in one time period and a non-interlaced frequency structure in another time period.

<FIG> illustrate various mechanisms for configuring random access resources with an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure.

<FIG> illustrates a random access transmission scheme <NUM> according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The x-axis represents frequency in some constant units. The scheme <NUM> may be employed by BSs such as the BSs <NUM> and <NUM> and UEs such as the UEs <NUM> and <NUM>. In the scheme <NUM>, a BS may configure multiple sets of random access resources in different frequency bands. For example, one set of random access resources <NUM> may be located in a frequency band <NUM> and may have an interlaced frequency structure (e.g., an interlace <NUM>I(k) or <NUM>I(k)). Another set of random access resources <NUM> may be located in a frequency band <NUM> and may have a non-interlaced frequency structure (e.g., including contiguous frequencies). A UE may autonomously select resources from the resources <NUM> in the frequency band <NUM> or from the resources <NUM> in the frequency band <NUM> for transmitting a random access signal. The BS may monitor for a random access signal in the resources <NUM> based on the interlaced frequency structure and in the resources <NUM> based on the non-interlaced frequency structure.

In an embodiment, the selection may be based on a DL path loss measurement. When a UE is power-limited, the UE may select resources from the resources <NUM> with the interlaced frequency structure for better power utilization. For example, the UE may transmit a random access preamble in a frequency interlaced channel similar to the interlaces <NUM> and <NUM>. Conversely, when a UE is not power-limited, the UE may select resources from the resources <NUM> with the non-interlaced frequency structure. For example, the UE may transmit a random access preamble in contiguous frequencies.

In an embodiment, a UE may perform power ramping during a random access procedure. For example, at the beginning of a random access procedure, the UE may select a resource from the resources <NUM> with the non-interlaced frequency structure for a random access preamble transmission. When no random access response is received, the UE may increase the transmit power for a subsequent random access transmission. When the transmit power reaches a maximum PSD level allowable in the frequency band <NUM>, the UE may switch to select a resource from the resources <NUM> with the interlaced frequency structure for a subsequent random access preamble transmission.

<FIG> illustrates a random access transmission scheme <NUM> according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The x-axis represents time in some constant units. The y-axis represents frequency in some constant units. The scheme <NUM> may be employed by BSs such as the BSs <NUM> and <NUM> and UEs such as the UEs <NUM> and <NUM>. The scheme <NUM> may be substantially similar to the scheme <NUM>. However, a BS may configure multiple sets of random access resources in different time periods instead of different frequency bands as in the scheme <NUM>. For example, one set of random access resources <NUM> may be located in a time period <NUM> and may have an interlaced frequency structure (e.g., an interlace <NUM>I(k) or <NUM>I(k)). Another set of random access resources <NUM> may be located in a time period <NUM> and may have a non-interlaced frequency structure (e.g., including contiguous frequencies). In an embodiment, resources <NUM> and <NUM> are located in the same frequency band <NUM>.

Similar to the scheme <NUM>, a UE may autonomously select resources from the resources <NUM> in the time period <NUM> or from the resources <NUM> in the time period <NUM> for transmitting a random access signal. The selection may be based on a DL path loss measurement, a power utilization factor (e.g., a power headroom) of the UE, and/or a transmit power used for the random access preamble transmission as described in the scheme <NUM>. The BS may monitor for a random access signal in the resources <NUM> based on the interlaced frequency structure and in the resources <NUM> based on the non-interlaced frequency structure.

<FIG> illustrates a frequency interlacing scheme <NUM> with a reduced SCS according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The scheme <NUM> may be employed by BSs such as the BSs <NUM> and <NUM> and UEs such as the UEs <NUM> and <NUM> to communicate over a frequency spectrum <NUM>. The scheme <NUM> may be substantially similar to the schemes <NUM> and <NUM>, but may allocate resources at a reduced SCS.

The frequency spectrum <NUM> may have a bandwidth of about <NUM> and a SCS of about <NUM>. Thus, the frequency spectrum <NUM> includes twenty-five RBs <NUM> (e.g., indexed from <NUM> to <NUM>). As described above with respect to <FIG>, when allocating resources in units of interlaces <NUM> at an RB-granularity level, the scheme <NUM> may provide a power boost of about <NUM> dB without the TTI bundling. Instead of further improving power utilization using TTI bundling, the scheme <NUM> applies frequency interlacing at a reduced SCS.

The scheme <NUM> divides each subcarrier <NUM> into about four subcarriers <NUM>. Thus, each subcarrier <NUM> spans about <NUM>. For example, the subcarrier <NUM> indexed <NUM> is divided into four subcarriers <NUM> indexed <NUM> to <NUM>, the subcarrier <NUM> indexed <NUM> is divided into four subcarriers <NUM> indexed <NUM> to <NUM>, and the subcarrier <NUM> indexed <NUM> is divided into four subcarriers <NUM> indexed <NUM> to <NUM>. The group of <NUM> subcarriers <NUM> forms a RB <NUM>.

Similar to the schemes <NUM> and <NUM>, the scheme <NUM> may allocate resources in units of interlaces similar to the interlaces <NUM> and <NUM>. For example, each interlace may include about ten islands <NUM> evenly spaced over the spectrum <NUM>, where each island <NUM> includes one RB <NUM>. Thus, the frequency spectrum may include about ten interlaces. The distribution of an allocation's frequency occupancy into ten islands <NUM> can provide a power boost of about <NUM> dB. Alternatively, the scheme <NUM> may divide each subcarrier <NUM> into about two subcarriers, each spanning about <NUM>. The reduced SCS can distribute an allocation in a frequency domain to allow a transmitter to transmit at a higher power while maintaining a certain PSD level.

In an embodiment, the reduced SCS can increase computational complexity. For example, under normal operation with a bandwidth of <NUM> and a SCS of about <NUM>, a <NUM>-point Fast Fourier transform (FFT) may be applied. However, reducing the SCS to about <NUM>, a <NUM>-point FFT may be required. The larger FFT-size may increase the computational complexity. One approach to reducing the computational complexity is to segment the <NUM> bandwidth into about four segments and apply four <NUM>-point FFTs, one for each segment.

In an embodiment, communications in a frequency spectrum below about <NUM> may use an interlaced frequency waveform structure and communications in a frequency spectrum above about <NUM> may use an interlaced frequency waveform structure and a non-interlaced frequency waveform structure. For example, the schemes <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> described with respect to <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>, respectively, may be used for the interlaced frequency-based communications. The schemes <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> and the methods <NUM> and <NUM> described with respect to <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>, respectively, may be used to select between the interlaced frequency waveform structure and the non-interlaced frequency waveform structure for communications above <NUM>.

<FIG> is a flow diagram of a communication method <NUM> with a waveform selection according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Steps of the method <NUM> can be executed by a computing device (e.g., a processor, processing circuit, and/or other suitable component) of a wireless communication device, such as the BSs <NUM> and <NUM> and the UEs <NUM> and <NUM>. The method <NUM> may employ similar mechanisms as in the schemes <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> and the methods <NUM> and <NUM> described with respect to <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>, respectively. As illustrated, the method <NUM> includes a number of enumerated steps, but embodiments of the method <NUM> may include additional steps before, after, and in between the enumerated steps. In some embodiments, one or more of the enumerated steps may be omitted or performed in a different order.

At step <NUM>, the method <NUM> includes selecting, by a first wireless communication device, a waveform structure between an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure for communicating in a frequency spectrum (e.g., the frequency spectrum <NUM>). The interlaced frequency structure may include at least a first set of frequency bands (e.g., the interlace <NUM>I(<NUM>) or <NUM>I(<NUM>)) in the spectrum. The first set of frequency bands interlaces with a second set of frequency bands (e.g., the interlace <NUM>I(<NUM>) or <NUM>I(<NUM>)) in the frequency spectrum. The non-interlaced frequency structure may include one or more contiguous frequency bands, RBs, or in the frequency spectrum. The selection may be band-dependent as described in the scheme <NUM>, network-specific as described in the method <NUM>, or UE-specific as described in the method <NUM>.

At step <NUM>, the method <NUM> includes communicating, by the first wireless communication device with a second wireless communication device, a communication signal in the frequency spectrum based on the selected waveform structure.

Also, as used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a list of items (for example, a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of [at least one of A, B, or C] means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).

Further embodiments of the present disclosure include a method of wireless communication comprising selecting, by a first wireless communication device, a waveform structure between an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure for communicating in a frequency spectrum; and communicating, by the first wireless communication device with a second wireless communication device in the frequency spectrum, a communication signal based on the selected waveform structure.

In some embodiments, wherein the interlaced frequency structure includes at least a first set of frequency bands in the frequency spectrum, the first set of frequency bands interlacing with a second set of frequency bands in the frequency spectrum, and wherein the non-interlaced frequency structure includes one or more contiguous frequency bands in the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the selecting is based on a power spectral density (PSD) parameter of the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the PSD parameter is associated with a PSD requirement in the frequency spectrum, and wherein the selecting includes determining whether the frequency spectrum has the PSD requirement; and selecting the interlaced frequency structure as the waveform structure when determining that the frequency spectrum has the PSD requirement. In some embodiments, wherein the PSD parameter is associated with a PSD requirement in the frequency spectrum, wherein the selecting is based on a first frequency band having the PSD requirement and a second frequency band not having the PSD requirement, and wherein the communicating includes communicating a first communication signal with the interlaced frequency structure in the first frequency band; and communicating a second communication signal with the non-interlaced frequency structure in the second frequency band. In some embodiments, the method further comprises transmitting, by the first wireless communication device, a configuration indicating the waveform structure for communicating in the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the selecting is based on a power headroom of the second wireless communication device. In some embodiments, the method further comprises receiving, by the first wireless communication device from the second wireless communication device, a configuration indicating the waveform structure for communicating in the frequency spectrum, wherein the selecting is based on the configuration. In some embodiments, the method further comprises communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, a configuration indicating a first set of random access resources having a interlaced frequency structure and a second set of random access resources having a non-interlaced frequency structure; and communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, a random access signal based on the configuration. In some embodiments, wherein the first set of random access resources and the second set of random access resources are in different frequency bands within the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the first set of random access resources and the second set of random access resources are in different time periods. In some embodiments, wherein the communicating the configuration includes transmitting, by the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device, the configuration, and wherein the communicating the random access signal includes monitoring, by the first wireless communication device, for the random access signal. In some embodiments, wherein the communicating the configuration includes receiving, by the first wireless communication device from the second wireless communication device, the configuration. In some embodiments, the method further comprises determining, by the first wireless communication device, whether to transmit the random access signal to the second wireless communication device using the first set of random access resources or the second set of random access resources based on at least one of the configuration, a power headroom of the second wireless communication device, or a power utilization factor of the second wireless communication device. In some embodiments, wherein the communicating the random access signal includes transmitting, by the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device using the second set of random access resources, a first random access signal with the non-interlaced frequency structure at a first transmit power; and transmitting, by the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device using the first set of random access resources, a second random access signal with the interlaced frequency structure at a second transmit power greater than the first transmit power. In some embodiments, the method further comprises determining, by the first wireless communication device, to transmit the second random access signal with the interlaced frequency structure using the first set of random access resources based on a comparison between the second transmit power and a power spectral density (PSD) parameter of a frequency band of the second set of random access resources. In some embodiments, wherein the frequency spectrum includes a first subcarrier spacing for the non-interlaced frequency structure, wherein the communicating the communication signal includes communicating the communication signal using a second subcarrier spacing for the interlaced frequency structure, and wherein the first subcarrier spacing is greater than the second subcarrier spacing.

Further embodiments of the present disclosure include an apparatus comprising a processor configured to select a waveform structure between an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure for communicating in a frequency spectrum; and a transceiver configured to communicate, with a second wireless communication device in the frequency spectrum, a communication signal based on the selected waveform structure.

In some embodiments, wherein the interlaced frequency structure includes at least a first set of frequency bands in the frequency spectrum, the first set of frequency bands interlacing with a second set of frequency bands in the frequency spectrum, and wherein the non-interlaced frequency structure includes one or more contiguous frequency bands in the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the processor is further configured to select the waveform structure based on a power spectral density (PSD) parameter of the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the PSD parameter is associated with a PSD requirement in the frequency spectrum, and wherein the processor is further configured to select the waveform structure by determining whether the frequency spectrum has a PSD requirement; and selecting the interlaced frequency structure as the waveform structure when determining that the frequency spectrum has the PSD requirement. In some embodiments, wherein the PSD parameter is associated with a PSD requirement in the frequency spectrum, wherein the processor is further configured to select the waveform structure based on a first frequency band having the PSD requirement and a second frequency band not having the PSD requirement, and wherein the transceiver is further configured to communicate a first communication signal with the interlaced frequency structure in the first frequency band; and communicate a second communication signal with the non-interlaced frequency structure in the second frequency band. In some embodiments, wherein the transceiver is further configured to transmit a configuration indicating the waveform structure for communicating in the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the processor is further configured to select the waveform structure based on a power headroom of the second wireless communication device. In some embodiments, wherein the transceiver is further configured to receive, from the second wireless communication device, a configuration indicating the waveform structure for communicating in the frequency spectrum, and wherein the processor is further configured to select the waveform structure based on the configuration. In some embodiments, wherein the transceiver is further configured to communicate, with the second wireless communication device, a configuration indicating a first set of random access resources having an interlaced frequency structure and a second set of random access resources having a non-interlaced frequency structure; and communicate, with the second wireless communication device, a random access signal based on the configuration. In some embodiments, wherein the first set of random access resources and the second set of random access resources are in different frequency bands within the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the first set of random access resources and the second set of random access resources are in different time periods. In some embodiments, wherein the transceiver is further configured to communicate the configuration by transmitting, to the second wireless communication device, the configuration; and communicate the random access signal by monitoring for the random access signal. In some embodiments, wherein the transceiver is further configured to communicate the configuration by receiving, from the second wireless communication device, the configuration. In some embodiments, wherein the processor is further configured to determine whether to transmit the random access signal to the second wireless communication device using the first set of random access resources or the second set of random access resources based on at least one of the configuration, a power headroom of the second wireless communication device, or a power utilization factor of the second wireless communication device. In some embodiments, wherein the transceiver is further configured to communicate the random access signal by transmitting, to the second wireless communication device using the second set of random access resources, a first random access signal with the non-interlaced frequency structure at a first transmit power; and transmitting, to the second wireless communication device using the first set of random access resources, a second random access signal with the interlaced frequency structure at a second transmit power greater than the first transmit power. In some embodiments, wherein the processor is further configured to determine to transmit the second random access signal with the interlaced frequency structure using the first set of random access resources based on a comparison between the second transmit power and a power spectral density (PSD) parameter of a frequency band of the second set of random access resources. In some embodiments, wherein the frequency spectrum includes a first SCS for the non-interlaced frequency structure, wherein the transceiver is further configured to communicate the communication signal by communicating the communication signal using a second SCS for the interlaced frequency structure, and wherein the first SCS is greater than the second SCS.

Further embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, the program code comprising code for causing a first wireless communication device to select a waveform structure between an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure for communicating in a frequency spectrum; and code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate, with a second wireless communication device in the frequency spectrum, a communication signal based on the selected waveform structure.

In some embodiments, wherein the interlaced frequency structure includes at least a first set of frequency bands in the frequency spectrum, the first set of frequency bands interlacing with a second set of frequency bands in the frequency spectrum, and wherein the non-interlaced frequency structure includes one or more contiguous frequency bands in the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the code for causing the first wireless communication device to select the waveform structure is further configured to select the waveform structure based on a power spectral density (PSD) parameter of the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the PSD parameter is associated with a PSD requirement in the frequency spectrum, and wherein the code for causing the first wireless communication device to select the waveform structure is further configured to select the waveform structure by determining whether the frequency spectrum has the PSD requirement; and selecting the interlaced frequency structure as the waveform structure when determining that the frequency spectrum has the PSD requirement. In some embodiments, wherein the PSD parameter is associated with a PSD requirement in the frequency spectrum, wherein the code for causing the first wireless communication device to select the waveform structure is further configured to select the waveform structure based on a first frequency band having the PSD requirement and a second frequency band not having the PSD requirement, and wherein the code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate the communication signal is further configured to communicate the communicate signal by communicating a first communication signal with the interlaced frequency structure in the first frequency band; and communicating a second communication signal with the non-interlaced frequency structure in the second frequency band. In some embodiments, the computer-readable medium further comprises code for causing the first wireless communication device to transmit a configuration indicating the waveform structure for communicating in the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the code for causing the first wireless communication device to select the waveform structure is further configured to select the waveform structure based on a power headroom of the second wireless communication device. In some embodiments, the computer-readable medium further comprises code for causing the first wireless communication device to receive, from the second wireless communication device, a configuration indicating the waveform structure for communicating in the frequency spectrum, wherein the code for causing the first wireless communication device to select the waveform structure is further configured to select the waveform structure based on the configuration. In some embodiments, the computer-readable medium further comprises code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate, with the second wireless communication device, a configuration indicating a first set of random access resources having an interlaced frequency structure and a second set of random access resources having a non-interlaced frequency structure; and code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate, with the second wireless communication device, a random access signal based on the configuration. In some embodiments, wherein the first set of random access resources and the second set of random access resources are in different frequency bands within the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the first set of random access resources and the second set of random access resources are in different time periods. In some embodiments, wherein the code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate the configuration is further configured to transmit, to the second wireless communication device, the configuration, and wherein the code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate the random access signal is further configured to monitor for the random access signal. In some embodiments, wherein the code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate the configuration is further configured to receive, from the second wireless communication device, the configuration. In some embodiments, the computer-readable medium further comprises code for causing the first wireless communication device to determine whether to transmit the random access signal to the second wireless communication device using the first set of random access resources or the second set of random access resources based on at least one of the configuration, a power headroom of the second wireless communication device, or a power utilization factor of the second wireless communication device. In some embodiments, wherein the code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate the random access signal is further configured to transmit, to the second wireless communication device using the second set of random access resources, a first random access signal with the non-interlaced frequency structure at a first transmit power; and transmit, to the second wireless communication device using the first set of random access resources, a second random access signal with the interlaced frequency structure at a second transmit power greater than the first transmit power. In some embodiments, the computer-readable medium further comprises code for causing the first wireless communication device to determine to transmit the second random access signal with the interlaced frequency structure using the first set of random access resources based on a comparison between the second transmit power and a power spectral density (PSD) parameter of a frequency band of the second set of random access resources. In some embodiments, wherein the frequency spectrum includes a first SCS for the non-interlaced frequency structure, wherein the code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate the communication signal is further configured to communicate the communication signal using a second SCS for the interlaced frequency structure, and wherein the first SCS is greater than the second SCS.

Further embodiments of the present disclosure include an apparatus comprising means for selecting a waveform structure between an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure for communicating in a frequency spectrum; and means for communicating, with a second wireless communication device in the frequency spectrum, a communication signal based on the selected waveform structure.

In some embodiments, wherein the interlaced frequency structure includes at least a first set of frequency bands in the frequency spectrum, the first set of frequency bands interlacing with a second set of frequency bands in the frequency spectrum, and wherein the non-interlaced frequency structure includes one or more contiguous frequency bands in the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the means for selecting the waveform structure is further configured to select the waveform structure based on a power spectral density (PSD) parameter of the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the PSD parameter is associated with a PSD requirement in the frequency spectrum, and wherein the means for selecting the waveform structure is further configured to select the waveform structure by determining whether the frequency spectrum has the PSD requirement; and selecting the interlaced frequency structure as the waveform structure when determining that the frequency spectrum has the PSD requirement. In some embodiments, wherein the PSD parameter is associated with a PSD requirement in the frequency spectrum, wherein the means for selecting the waveform structure is further configured to select the waveform structure based on a first frequency band having the PSD requirement and a second frequency band not having the PSD requirement, and wherein the means for communicating the communication signal is further configured to communicate a first communication signal with the interlaced frequency structure in the first frequency band; and communicate a second communication signal with the non-interlaced frequency structure in the second frequency band. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for transmitting a configuration indicating the waveform structure for communicating in the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the means for selecting the waveform structure is further configured to select the waveform structure based on a power headroom of the second wireless communication device. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for receiving, from the second wireless communication device, a configuration indicating the waveform structure for communicating in the frequency spectrum, wherein the means for selecting the waveform structure is further configured to select the waveform structure based on the configuration. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for communicating, with the second wireless communication device, a configuration indicating a first set of random access resources having an interlaced frequency structure and a second set of random access resources having a non-interlaced frequency structure; and means for communicating, with the second wireless communication device, a random access signal based on the configuration. In some embodiments, wherein the first set of random access resources and the second set of random access resources are in different frequency bands within the frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, wherein the first set of random access resources and the second set of random access resources are in different time periods. In some embodiments, wherein the means for communicating the configuration is further configured to transmit, to the second wireless communication device, the configuration, and wherein the means for communicating the random access signal is further configured to monitor for the random access signal. In some embodiments, wherein the means for communicating the configuration is further configured to receive, from the second wireless communication device, the configuration. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for determining whether to transmit the random access signal to the second wireless communication device using the first set of random access resources or the second set of random access resources based on at least one of the configuration, a power headroom of the second wireless communication device, or a power utilization factor of the second wireless communication device. In some embodiments, wherein the means for communicating the random access signal is further configured to transmit, to the second wireless communication device using the second set of random access resources, a first random access signal with the non-interlaced frequency structure at a first transmit power; and transmit, to the second wireless communication device using the first set of random access resources, a second random access signal with the interlaced frequency structure at a second transmit power greater than the first transmit power. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for determining to transmit the second random access signal with the interlaced frequency structure using the first set of random access resources based on a comparison between the second transmit power and a power spectral density (PSD) parameter of a frequency band of the second set of random access resources. In some embodiments, wherein the frequency spectrum includes a first SCS for the non-interlaced frequency structure, wherein the means for communicating the communication signal is further configured to communicate the communication signal using a second SCS for the interlaced frequency structure, and wherein the first SCS is greater than the second SCS.

Claim 1:
A method of wireless communication, comprising:
selecting (<NUM>), by a first wireless communication device, a waveform structure between an interlaced frequency structure and a non-interlaced frequency structure for communicating in a frequency spectrum based on a power spectral density, PSD, parameter of the frequency spectrum; and
communicating (<NUM>), by the first wireless communication device with a second wireless communication device in the frequency spectrum, a communication signal based on the selected waveform structure,
wherein the selecting (<NUM>) is based on a first frequency band of the frequency spectrum having the PSD requirement and a second frequency band of the frequency spectrum not having the PSD requirement, wherein the first frequency band has a first subcarrier spacing, SCS, and the second frequency band has a second SCS, and
wherein the communicating (<NUM>) comprises:
communicating, in the first frequency band, a first communication signal with the interlaced frequency structure and at a reduced SCS compared to the first SCS; and
communicating, in the second frequency band, a second communication signal with the non-interlaced frequency structure.