Patent Description:
A magneto-resistive random access memory (MRAM) is a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), and records logical states "<NUM>" and "<NUM>" by using a magnetoresistance difference caused by a difference in magnetization directions. If an external magnetic field remains unchanged, a magnetization direction remains unchanged. Therefore, when maintaining data, the magneto-resistive random access memory does not need to perform a refreshing operation all the time, and therefore has an advantage of low power consumption. A representative magneto-resistive random access memory is a spin-torque-transfer (spin-torque-transfer, STT) MRAM, and may be used as a third-layer or fourth-layer cache.

The magneto-resistive random access memory may perform a write operation in a current control manner or a voltage control manner. A write operation performed by using an excessively large current causes excessive power consumption, and a decrease in the current causes a slower write operation. Therefore, a magneto-resistive random access memory that performs a write operation in a voltage control manner is a research focus in the industry. When a write operation is performed in a voltage control manner, a voltage of an appropriate magnitude and direction is applied to two sides of a magnetic tunnel junction, so that a magnetic moment of a free ferromagnetic layer in a magneto-resistive random access memory is reversed to a specified direction, to perform an operation of writing "<NUM>" or writing "<NUM>". In this manner, the magneto-resistive random access memory may have a higher write operation speed and lower power consumption. However, when the write operation is performed in a voltage control manner, to avoid generating an excessively large leakage current, a thickness of a magnetic tunnel barrier becomes larger, resulting in an increase in resistance. Consequently, a relatively high resistance-capacitance (resistance-capacitance, RC) delay is caused. This causes a decrease in a read speed of the magneto-resistive random access memory. <CIT> provides a DMTJ structure for sub-<NUM> designs. <CIT> also provides a magnetic memory device. <CIT> discloses a magnetic tunnel junction structure having a tunnel barrier positioned between a fixed ferromagnetic layer and a free ferromagnetic layer. The tunnel barrier includes a first barrier layer contacting either the fixed ferromagnetic layer or the free ferromagnetic layer. A second barrier layer, which contacts the first barrier layer, has a lower barrier height than the first barrier layer.

This application provides a magneto-resistive random memory cell, a magneto-resistive random access memory, and an access method, to increase an access speed of the memory.

According to a first aspect, a magneto-resistive random memory cell is provided, including: a fixed ferromagnetic layer, a free ferromagnetic layer, and a magnetic tunnel barrier, where the magnetic tunnel barrier is located between the fixed ferromagnetic layer and the free ferromagnetic layer and includes a double-barrier quantum well including a first barrier layer, a conducting layer, and a second barrier layer.

In this embodiment of this application, a new structure of a magneto-resistive random memory cell and a magneto-resistive random access memory is provided. In the structure, a double-barrier quantum well structure is used to replace a conventional single-barrier magnetic tunnel barrier structure, and the structure uses a feature of negative differential resistance of the double-barrier quantum well. A voltage of a write operation is set to be greater than that of a read operation, to meet a requirement of optimizing performance of the write operation. In addition, because a current corresponding to the voltage of the read operation is relatively large, and a corresponding resistance value is relatively small, impact of the RC delay on a speed of the read operation is alleviated.

With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation, the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer are made of a dielectric, and the conducting layer is made of a conducting material.

With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation, the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer are made of crystalline oxide.

With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation, a material used for the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer includes MgO, AlO, AlN, BN, or SiO<NUM>.

With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation, a material used for the conducting material includes a ferromagnetic material.

With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation, a material used for the conducting material includes CoFeB, CoFe, Co, or Fe.

With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation, the magnetic tunnel barrier is of a symmetrical structure.

With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation, when a negative first voltage is applied to a direction from the free ferromagnetic layer to the fixed ferromagnetic layer, a magnetic moment of the free ferromagnetic layer is reversed; or when a positive second voltage is applied to a direction from the free ferromagnetic layer to the fixed ferromagnetic layer, a magnetic tunnel junction including the fixed ferromagnetic layer, the free ferromagnetic layer, and the magnetic tunnel barrier is conducted, where an absolute value of the first voltage is greater than an absolute value of the second voltage.

With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation, a thickness of the first barrier layer is from <NUM> to <NUM>.

With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation, a thickness of the second barrier layer is from <NUM> to <NUM>.

With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation, a thickness of the conducting layer is from <NUM> to <NUM>.

According to a second aspect, a magneto-resistive random access memory is provided. The magneto-resistive random access memory includes the magneto-resistive random memory cell according to the first aspect or in any possible implementation of the first aspect.

According to a third aspect, a method for accessing a magneto-resistive random memory cell is provided. The magneto-resistive random memory cell includes: a fixed ferromagnetic layer, a free ferromagnetic layer, and a magnetic tunnel barrier, where the magnetic tunnel barrier is located between the fixed ferromagnetic layer and the free ferromagnetic layer and includes a double-barrier quantum wellincluding a first barrier layer, a conducting layer, and a second barrier layer. The method includes: when a write operation is performed, applying a negative first voltage to a direction from the free ferromagnetic layer to the fixed ferromagnetic layer; or when a read operation is performed, applying a positive second voltage to a direction from the free ferromagnetic layer to the fixed ferromagnetic layer, where an absolute value of the first voltage is greater than an absolute value of the second voltage.

According to a fourth aspect, an integrated circuit is provided, including the magneto-resistive random memory cell according to the first aspect or in any possible implementation of the first aspect.

According to a fifth aspect, a chip is provided, including the magneto-resistive random memory cell according to the first aspect or in any possible implementation of the first aspect.

According to a sixth aspect, an apparatus for accessing a magneto-resistive random memory cell is provided. The apparatus includes a unit configured to perform the method in the third aspect.

According to a seventh aspect, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product includes computer program code; and when the computer program code is run, the method in the third aspect is performed.

According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program; and when the computer program is run, the method in the third aspect is implemented.

A magneto-resistive random access memory that performs a write operation in a voltage control manner according to the embodiments of this application is described first. Optionally, an MRAM that performs a write operation in a voltage control manner may also be referred to as a voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy magnetoresistive random access memory (voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy MRAM, VCMA-MRAM).

<FIG> is a schematic structural diagram of a magneto-resistive random memory cell <NUM> that performs a write operation in a voltage control manner. A core part of the magneto-resistive random access memory is a magneto-resistive random memory cell. As shown in <FIG>, the magneto-resistive random memory cell <NUM> may include a magnetic tunnel junction (magnetic tunnel junction) including a fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM>, a magnetic tunnel barrier <NUM>, and a free ferromagnetic layer <NUM>. The magnetic tunnel barrier <NUM> may also be referred to as a magnetic tunnel barrier layer. A magnetic moment of the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM> is fixed, and a magnetic moment of the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> is reversible. An arrow in <FIG> represents a direction of a magnetic moment in the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM> or the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM>. Therefore, states may be respectively recorded as logical states "<NUM>" and "<NUM>" based on a magnetoresistance difference caused by a difference in a magnetic moment direction of the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM>. For example, as shown in (a) of <FIG>, if magnetic moment directions of the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM> and the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> are the same, a resistance value of the magnetic tunnel junction is relatively small, and this state may be recorded as a logical state "<NUM>". As shown in (b) of <FIG>, if the magnetic moment directions of the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM> and the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> are opposite, the resistance value of the magnetic tunnel junction is relatively large, and this state may be recorded as a logical state "<NUM>". In this example, not part of the invention, that the logical state "<NUM>" or "<NUM>" corresponds to the small resistance value or the large resistance value of the magnetic tunnel junction is merely an example. During an actual operation, a correspondence between a logical state and a resistance value may be logically designed based on requirements, and a correspondence between a logical state and a resistance value of the magnetic tunnel junction may be even changed from a physical result by using a device such as a phase inverter. A working principle of performing a write operation in a voltage control manner is as follows: A voltage of an appropriate magnitude and direction is applied to two sides of the foregoing magnetic tunnel junction, so that negative charges are accumulated on interfaces of the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> and the magnetic tunnel barrier <NUM>, to change magnetic anisotropy of an interface of the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM>, to make a magnetic moment direction of the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> reserved and complete the write operation. It should be noted that, in both an operation of writing "<NUM>" and an operation of writing "<NUM>", directions of the voltage applied to the two sides of the magnetic tunnel junction are the same. Each time a voltage of an appropriate magnitude and direction is applied, a magnetic moment of the free ferromagnetic layer is reserved once, a magnetoresistance value changes, and then a logical state corresponding to the magnetic tunnel junction is switched once. For example, the logical state is changed from the logical state "<NUM>" to the logical state "<NUM>", or from the logical state "<NUM>" to the logical state "<NUM>".

Still referring to <FIG>, in an example, when the magneto-resistive random memory cell <NUM> is in the logical state "<NUM>", the magnetic moment of the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> is the same as that of the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM>, and resistance of the magnetic tunnel junction is relatively small. Assuming that an end of the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> is connected to a negative electrode of a power supply, and an end of the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM> is connected to a positive electrode of the power supply, a voltage of an appropriate magnitude is applied to two ends of the magnetic tunnel junction, so that the magnetic moment of the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> can be reversed. After the magnetic moment is reversed, the magnetic moment direction of the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> is opposite to that of the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM>, the resistance of the magnetic tunnel junction is relatively large, and the logical state of the magneto-resistive random memory cell is switched to "<NUM>".

It should be noted that, to accumulate sufficient charges on the interface of the free ferromagnetic layer, a relatively large leakage current cannot pass through the magnetic tunnel barrier when a write operation is performed. When a thickness of the magnetic tunnel barrier is determinate, to generate sufficient charges on the interface of the free ferromagnetic layer, a maximum value of a write operation voltage needs to be set to meet a condition that no obvious leakage current is generated. When a maximum write operation voltage is not exceeded, a larger write operation voltage indicates a higher speed of the write operation and a lower error rate of the write operation. Therefore, the write operation voltage is expected to be increased to the greatest extent. For example, in an ideal situation, the write operation voltage may reach a power supply voltage VDD of a logic device of a chip. For the read operation, a voltage of the read operation needs to be greater than that of the write operation, so that a voltage applied to the magnetic tunnel junction can generate a current flowing through the magnetic tunnel junction. Whether the magnetic tunnel junction is in the state "<NUM>" corresponding to the low resistance value or in the state "<NUM>" corresponding to the high resistance value may be determined based on a current value. In an ideal state, the voltage of the read operation is expected not to exceed the power supply voltage VDD of the chip, or otherwise, another power supply needs to be provided to supply power for the read operation. Therefore, a current problem is: To meet write operation optimization and set the write operation voltage to the power supply voltage VDD, because the read operation voltage needs to be greater than the write operation voltage, another power supply needs to be provided to supply power for the read operation, increasing complexity of circuit design. In consideration of simplifying circuit design, if the read operation voltage is set to the power supply voltage VDD, and the write operation voltage is set to be less than the power supply voltage VDD, performance of the write operation may be affected and cannot be better optimized.

In addition, compared with a conventional magneto-resistive random access memory that performs a write operation in a current control manner, the magneto-resistive random access memory that performs a write operation in a voltage control manner has a thicker magnetic tunnel barrier. Therefore, for devices with a same size, a resistance value of the magnetic tunnel junction of the voltage-controlled magneto-resistive random access memory is larger. During the read operation, due to an RC delay, excessively large magnetic tunnel junction resistance affects a speed of the read operation. For example, a thickness of a magnetic tunnel barrier of a VCMA-MRAM is usually approximately <NUM> nanometers (nanometer, nm), and a thickness of a magnetic tunnel barrier of an STT-MRAM is usually approximately <NUM>. For devices with a same size, resistance of the magnetic tunnel junction of the VCMA-MRAM is approximately <NUM> times that of the magnetic tunnel junction of the STT-MRAM.

To resolve the foregoing problems, namely, the problem that optimum voltage setting values of the write operation and the read operation of the magneto-resistive random access memory that performs the write operation in the voltage control manner are contradictory, and the problem that the speed of the read operation is relatively low, an embodiment of this application provides a new structure of a magneto-resistive random memory cell and a magneto-resistive random access memory. In the structure, a double-barrier quantum well structure is used to replace a conventional single-barrier magnetic tunnel barrier structure, to form a magnetic tunnel junction with a resonant tunneling effect.

<FIG> is a schematic structural diagram of a magneto-resistive random memory cell <NUM> according to an embodiment of the present invention. (a) of <FIG> describes a scenario in which a logical state is "<NUM>" and (b) of <FIG> describes a scenario in which the logical state is "<NUM>". A hollow arrow in <FIG> represents a direction of a magnetic moment in a fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM> or a free ferromagnetic layer <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, the magneto-resistive random memory cell <NUM> includes:
the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM>, the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM>, and a magnetic tunnel barrier <NUM>, where the magnetic tunnel barrier <NUM> is located between the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM> and the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM>, and includes a double-barrier quantum wellincluding a first barrier layer <NUM>, a conducting layer <NUM>, and a second barrier layer <NUM>, and the conducting layer <NUM> is disposed between the first barrier layer <NUM> and the second barrier layer <NUM>.

The fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM> has a fixed magnetic moment, and the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> has a reversible magnetic moment.

Optionally, interfaces of the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM>, the magnetic tunnel barrier <NUM>, and the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> are in contact with each other. Optionally, an interface at a joint between the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> and the magnetic tunnel barrier <NUM> may be processed, to increase magnetic anisotropy of the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM>. For example, metal doping may be performed on the interface at the joint between the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> and the magnetic tunnel barrier <NUM>.

The double-barrier quantum well may be referred to as a double-barrier quantum well or a resonant tunneling barrier, or may be briefly referred to as a quantum well in the embodiments of this application, and may be understood as a barrier structure with a resonant tunneling effect. A principle of the resonant tunneling effect is that energy levels in a quantum well with a limited barrier height are distributed discontinuously. It is assumed that a first quantum well energy level is E<NUM>, and magnitudes and distribution of quantum well energy levels may be adjusted based on a barrier height V<NUM> of the quantum well, a barrier width D of the quantum well, and a width L of the quantum well. Therefore, energy of carriers (for example, electrons) in the quantum well is also distributed discontinuously, and lowest energy of the carriers is E<NUM>. When a voltage Vbias on two ends of the quantum well is relatively low, a Fermi level EF of electrons is less than E<NUM>, and only energy of a very few thermally excited electrons can reach E<NUM>. According to a quantum effect, only the very few electrons whose energy is equal to E<NUM> can pass through the quantum well through a tunneling effect. That is, when the voltage Vbias on the two ends of the quantum well is relatively low, the Fermi level EF of electrons is less than E<NUM>, and a current passing through the quantum well is very small. When the voltage Vbias on the two ends of the quantum well increases, a quantity of electrons whose energy is equal to E<NUM> increases, a quantity of electrons passing through the quantum well through the tunneling effect correspondingly increases, and the current passing through the quantum well also correspondingly increases. When the voltage Vbias on the two ends of the quantum well continues increasing, to make the Fermi level EF of electrons achieve E<NUM>, the quantity of electrons whose energy is equal to E<NUM> reaches a maximum value, and the current passing through the quantum well correspondingly reach a local maximum value. In this case, the voltage Vbias (eVbias = E<NUM>) is a resonant voltage. When the voltage Vbias on the two ends of the quantum well continues increasing, the quantity of electrons whose energy is equal to E<NUM> is reduced. Therefore, the current passing through the quantum well correspondingly decreases, and reaches a minimum value. When the voltage Vbias on the two ends of the quantum well is greater than the height V<NUM> of the quantum well, the current passing through the quantum well starts to increase with the increase of the voltage Vbias on the two ends of the quantum well, and exceeds the local maximum value.

Optionally, the foregoing quantum well may be a metal quantum well. In other words, the conducting layer <NUM> may be made of metal or magnetic metal. For example, the conducting layer may be made of a metal material or a metal compound such as cobalt iron boron (CoFeB), cobalt iron (CoFe), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), platinum (Pt), or tantalum (Ta).

Alternatively, the quantum well may be a semiconductor quantum well. In other words, the conducting layer <NUM> may be made of a magnetic or non-magnetic semiconductor. For example, the conducting layer may be made of any one of the following: silicon (Si), silicon germanium (SiGe), germanium (Ge), II-VI compounds, III-V compounds, or another compound semiconductor material.

The first barrier layer <NUM> and the second barrier layer <NUM> are made of a dielectric. A type of the dielectric is not limited in this embodiment of this application. For example, the dielectric may be oxide in a crystalline state or crystalline metal oxide, or may be oxide in an amorphous state, or a dielectric of another type. For example, the dielectric may be magnesium oxide (MgO) in a crystalline state, or may be aluminum oxide (AlO), aluminum nitride (AlN), boron nitride (BN), silicon oxide (SiO<NUM>), or the like.

Optionally, the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM> and the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> may be made of ferromagnetic metal. For example, the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM> and the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> may be made of a ferromagnetic material such as cobalt iron boron (CoFeB), cobalt iron (CoFe), cobalt (Co), or iron (Fe).

In an example, the first barrier layer <NUM> and the second barrier layer <NUM> are made of magnesium oxide (MgO). The fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM>, the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM>, and the conducting layer <NUM> are made of a ferromagnetic material such as cobalt iron boron (CoFeB), cobalt iron (CoFe), cobalt (Co), or iron (Fe). As an example instead of a limitation, thicknesses of the first barrier layer <NUM> and the second barrier layer <NUM> made of MgO may be from <NUM> to <NUM>, and a thickness of the conducting layer <NUM> made of CoFeB may be from <NUM> to <NUM>. A person skilled in the art can understand that, based on different materials or different requirements for performance of the magnetic tunnel barrier, thicknesses of the first barrier layer <NUM>, the second barrier layer <NUM>, and the conducting layer <NUM> may alternatively be in another value range, but need to meet a condition of forming a quantum well whose energy levels are discontinuous.

Optionally, if the foregoing quantum well is a semiconductor quantum well, materials of which the first barrier layer <NUM>, the conducting layer <NUM>, and the second barrier layer <NUM> are made need to be compatible with a semiconductor material. For example, when the conducting layer <NUM> of the semiconductor quantum well is made of silicon (Si), silicon oxide (SiO<NUM>) may be used as a material of the first barrier layer <NUM> and the second barrier layer <NUM>.

Optionally, the foregoing magnetic tunnel barrier may be of a symmetrical structure. For example, sizes of the first barrier layer <NUM> and the second barrier layer <NUM> may be the same, and materials of which the first barrier layer <NUM> and the second barrier layer <NUM> are made may also be the same. Optionally, the foregoing magnetic tunnel barrier may alternatively be of an asymmetrical structure. For example, sizes of the first barrier layer <NUM> and the second barrier layer <NUM> may be different, and materials of which the first barrier layer <NUM> and the second barrier layer <NUM> are made may also be different.

In this embodiment of this application, a new structure of a magneto-resistive random memory cell and a magneto-resistive random access memory is provided. In the structure, a double-barrier quantum well structure is used to replace a conventional single-barrier magnetic tunnel barrier structure, and the structure uses a feature of negative differential resistance of the double-barrier quantum well. A voltage of a write operation may be set to be greater than that of a read operation, to meet a requirement of optimizing performance of the write operation. In addition, because a current corresponding to the voltage of the read operation is relatively large, and a corresponding resistance value is relatively small, impact of the RC delay on a speed of the read operation is alleviated.

Specifically, <FIG> is a schematic diagram of distribution of energy levels of a double-barrier quantum well. As shown in <FIG>, the quantum well is a quantum well with a limited barrier height. It is assumed that a barrier height is V<NUM>, a barrier width is D, and a width of the quantum is L. Magnitudes and distribution of quantum well energy levels may be adjusted based on the barrier height V<NUM> of the quantum well, the barrier width D of the quantum well, and the width L of the quantum well. Energy levels in the quantum well are distributed discontinuously. Therefore, energy of carriers (for example, electrons) in the quantum well is also distributed discontinuously. In an example, it is assumed that a lowest energy level of the quantum well is E<NUM>.

<FIG> shows voltage-current characteristic curves of a double-barrier quantum well. EF in <FIG> represents a Fermi level of electrons, and EC represents a conduction band energy level. E<NUM> represents the lowest energy level of the quantum well. eVbias represents band bending corresponding to the voltage Vbias applied to the two ends of the quantum well, J represents a density of the current flowing through the double-barrier quantum well, and Vbias represents the voltage applied to the two ends of the double-barrier quantum well.

As shown in (a) of <FIG>, when the voltage Vbias applied to the two ends of the double-barrier quantum wellis relatively low, the Fermi level EF is less than the energy level E<NUM>, the current flowing through the quantum well is relatively small, and a resistance value is relatively large.

As shown in (b) of <FIG>, when the voltage Vbias applied to the two ends of the double-barrier quantum wellincreases, the Fermi level EF is greater than the energy level E<NUM>, and the conduction band bottom edge energy level EC is less than the energy level E<NUM>. In this case, the current flowing through the quantum well becomes larger, and the resistance value becomes smaller.

As shown in (c) of <FIG>, when the voltage Vbias applied to the two ends of the double-barrier quantum wellcontinues increasing, both the Fermi level EF and the conduction band bottom edge energy level EC are greater than the energy level E<NUM>, and Vbias is less than V<NUM>. In this case, the current flowing through the quantum well becomes smaller, and the resistance value becomes larger. Therefore, it can be learned from (c) of <FIG> that a voltage-current characteristic of the quantum well is presented as negative differential resistance.

In addition, when the voltage Vbias applied to the two ends of the double-barrier quantum wellcontinues increasing, Vbias is greater than the barrier height V<NUM>. In this case, the current flowing through the quantum well starts to become larger again, and the resistance value becomes smaller.

Therefore, it can be learned from the foregoing analysis that the voltage-current characteristic of the double-barrier quantum wellis nonlinear. For example, the current in (b) of <FIG> is relatively large, and the voltage Vbias is relatively small. However, the current in (c) of <FIG> is relatively small, and the voltage Vbias is relatively large. Therefore, the voltage Vbias in (b) of <FIG> may be set to a voltage of a write operation, and the voltage Vbias in (c) of <FIG> may be set to a voltage of a read operation. Because the voltage-current characteristic of the double-barrier quantum wellis nonlinear, a voltage of a write operation may be set to be greater than that of a read operation, to meet a requirement of optimizing performance of the write operation. In addition, because a current corresponding to the voltage of the read operation is relatively large, and a corresponding resistance value is relatively small, impact of the RC delay on a speed of the read operation is alleviated.

<FIG> shows a voltage-current characteristic curve of a double-barrier quantum well according to another embodiment of this application. A horizontal coordinate V represents a voltage applied to two ends of a double-barrier quantum well, and a vertical coordinate represents a current flowing through the quantum well. As shown in <FIG>, before the voltage V applied to the two ends of the quantum well causes breakdown of the quantum well, it is assumed that a maximum current is Ipeak, and a voltage corresponding to the maximum current is Vpeak; and a minimum current is Ivalley, and a voltage corresponding to the minimum current is Vvalley. Optionally, Vvalley may be set to an optimal voltage of a write operation, and Vpeak may be set to an optimal voltage of a read operation. It is assumed that the write operation voltage is represented by Vwrite, and the read operation voltage is represented by Vread. In this case, the foregoing relationship may be expressed as Vwrite=Vvalley, and Vread=Vpeak.

It may be understood that the foregoing values are merely an example rather than a limitation. For example, another appropriate value may be selected in an interval centered around Vvalley for the write operation voltage, and another appropriate value may be selected in an interval centered around Vpeak for the read operation voltage.

<FIG> is a schematic diagram of a write operation of a magneto-resistive random memory cell according to an embodiment of this application. A hollow arrow in <FIG> represents a direction of a magnetic moment in a fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM> or a free ferromagnetic layer <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, for an operation of writing "<NUM>", a negative first voltage may be applied to a direction from the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> to the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM>. To be specific, the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> is connected to a negative electrode of a power supply, and the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM> is connected to a positive electrode of the power supply. A magnitude of the first voltage may be, for example, Vvalley, or another appropriate voltage value may be selected for the first voltage according to the description in <FIG>. Similarly, for an operation of writing "<NUM>", a negative first voltage may also be applied to the direction from the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> to the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM>. A magnitude of the first voltage may be, for example, Vvalley, or another voltage value may be selected for the first voltage according to the description in <FIG>. It should be noted that, in both the operation of writing "<NUM>" and the operation of writing "<NUM>", directions of the voltage applied to the two sides of the magnetic tunnel junction are the same. Each time a write operation is performed, a magnetic moment of the free ferromagnetic layer may be reversed once, and a resistance value correspondingly becomes larger or smaller, so that a state of a memory cell is switched from "<NUM>" to "<NUM>" or from "<NUM>" to "<NUM>". A write operation voltage may be set to be greater than a read operation voltage by using a feature of negative differential resistance of the double-barrier quantum well. A large write operation voltage can increase a speed of a write operation, and reduce an error rate of the write operation, to implement a high-speed and low-energy voltage-controlled write operation.

<FIG> is a schematic diagram of a read operation of a magneto-resistive random memory cell according to an embodiment of this application. A hollow arrow in <FIG> represents a direction of a magnetic moment in a fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM> or a free ferromagnetic layer <NUM>. A dashed line arrow in <FIG> represents a direction of a read operation current Iread flowing through the magneto-resistive random memory cell. As shown in <FIG>, for a read operation, a positive second voltage may be applied to a direction from the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> to the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM>. To be specific, the free ferromagnetic layer <NUM> is connected to a positive electrode of a power supply, and the fixed ferromagnetic layer <NUM> is connected to a negative electrode of the power supply. A magnitude of the second voltage may be, for example, Vpeak, or another appropriate voltage value may be selected for the second voltage according to the description in <FIG>. Selection of the read operation voltage may make a resistance value of a magnetic tunnel barrier relatively low, to alleviate impact of an RC delay on a reading speed, thereby providing a random access function of a high-speed read operation with a low RC delay.

In the embodiments of this application, a new magneto-resistive random access memory with a resonant tunneling effect is constructed by using a feature of negative differential resistance of a double-barrier quantum well. A magneto-resistive random access memory with high performance and a high storage density is provided by combining a high-speed voltage-controlled write operation with low power consumption and a high-speed read operation with a low RC delay.

Claim 1:
A magneto-resistive random memory cell (<NUM>), comprising:
a fixed ferromagnetic layer (<NUM>);
a free ferromagnetic layer (<NUM>); and
a magnetic tunnel barrier (<NUM>), wherein the magnetic tunnel barrier (<NUM>) is located between the fixed ferromagnetic layer (<NUM>) and the free ferromagnetic layer (<NUM>), and comprises a first barrier layer (<NUM>), a conducting layer (<NUM>), and a second barrier layer (<NUM>),
wherein the first barrier layer (<NUM>) and the second barrier layer (<NUM>) are composed by a dielectric, and the conducting layer (<NUM>) is composed by a conducting material;
wherein
for a write operation of the magneto-resistive random memory cell a negative first voltage is to be applied to a direction from the free ferromagnetic layer (<NUM>) to the fixed ferromagnetic layer (<NUM>), and a magnetic moment of the free ferromagnetic layer (<NUM>) is reversed; and
for a read operation of the magneto-resistive random memory cell a positive second voltage is to be applied to a direction from the free ferromagnetic layer (<NUM>) to the fixed ferromagnetic layer (<NUM>), and a magnetic tunnel junction comprising the fixed ferromagnetic layer (<NUM>), the free ferromagnetic layer (<NUM>), and the magnetic tunnel barrier (<NUM>) is conducted, wherein an absolute value of the first voltage is greater than an absolute value of the second voltage.