Patent Description:
Electronic displays are a nearly ubiquitous medium for communicating information to users of a wide variety of devices and products. Most commonly employed electronic displays include the cathode ray tube (CRT), plasma display panels (PDP), liquid crystal displays (LCD), electroluminescent displays (EL), organic light emitting diode (OLED) and active matrix OLEDs (AMOLED) displays, electrophoretic displays (EP) and various displays that employ electromechanical or electrofluidic light modulation (e.g., digital micromirror devices, electrowetting displays, etc.). Generally, electronic displays may be categorized as either active displays (i.e., displays that emit light) or passive displays (i.e., displays that modulate light provided by another source). Among the most obvious examples of active displays are CRTs, PDPs and OLEDs/AMOLEDs. Displays that are typically classified as passive when considering emitted light are LCDs and EP displays. Passive displays, while often exhibiting attractive performance characteristics including, but not limited to, inherently low power consumption, may find somewhat limited use in many practical applications given the lack of an ability to emit light. <CIT> discloses a multiview backlight and a multiview display employing active emitters configured to provide a plurality of light beams having different principal angular directions corresponding to different view directions of the multiview display. <CIT> discloses a method for moving viewing positions of a stereoscopic image display system. Each cylindrical lens is tilted relative to vertical lines. <CIT> discloses that the apparatus resolution of an image displayed on an image display system is increased without increasing the number of actual pixels which are arranged in horizontal rows and vertical columns and is selectively energizable to display an image composed of a plurality of pixel patterns in alternate fields.

Examples and embodiments in accordance with the principles described herein provide backlighting employing an array of light valves having a repeating plurality of color sub-pixels arranged in offset rows. Further, the backlighting includes a light control film (LCF), in various examples and embodiments. In particular, according to various embodiments consistent with the principles herein, a multiview display is provided. The multiview display comprises an array of light valves having a repeating plurality of color sub-pixels and arranged as a plurality of multiview pixels configured to modulate directional light beams as color pixels of views of a multiview image. A first row of the repeating plurality of the color sub-pixels is offset from or shifted with respect to a second row of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels in the row direction. The offset or shift is configured to mitigate color fringing associated with multiview image. In addition, the multiview display further comprises a light control film (LCF) configured to control a view angle of the multiview image, according to various embodiments.

Herein a `two-dimensional display' or `2D display' is defined as a display configured to provide a view of an image that is substantially the same regardless of a direction from which the image is viewed (i.e., within a predefined viewing angle or range of the 2D display). A conventional liquid crystal display (LCD) found in may smart phones and computer monitors are examples of 2D displays. In contrast and herein, a `multiview display' is defined as an electronic display or display system configured to provide different views of a multiview image in or from different view directions. In particular, the different views may represent different perspective views of a scene or object of the multiview image. Uses of multiview backlighting and multiview displays applicable to the display of multiview images described herein include, but are not limited to, mobile telephones (e.g., smart phones), watches, tablet computes, mobile computers (e.g., laptop computers), personal computers and computer monitors, automobile display consoles, cameras displays, and various other mobile as well as substantially non-mobile display applications and devices.

<FIG> illustrates a perspective view of a multiview display <NUM> in an example, according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. As illustrated in <FIG>, the multiview display <NUM> comprises a screen <NUM> to display a multiview image to be viewed. The multiview display <NUM> provides different views <NUM> of the multiview image in different view directions <NUM> relative to the screen <NUM>. The view directions <NUM> are illustrated as arrows extending from the screen <NUM> in various different principal angular directions; the different views <NUM> are illustrated as shaded polygonal boxes at the termination of the arrows (i.e., depicting the view directions <NUM>); and only four views <NUM> and four view directions <NUM> are illustrated, all by way of example and not limitation. Note that while the different views <NUM> are illustrated in <FIG> as being above the screen, the views <NUM> actually appear on or in a vicinity of the screen <NUM> when the multiview image is displayed on the multiview display <NUM>. Depicting the views <NUM> above the screen <NUM> is only for simplicity of illustration and is meant to represent viewing the multiview display <NUM> from a respective one of the view directions <NUM> corresponding to a particular view <NUM>.

A view direction or equivalently a light beam having a direction corresponding to a view direction of a multiview display generally has a principal angular direction given by angular components {θ, ϕ}, by definition herein. The angular component θ is referred to herein as the `elevation component' or `elevation angle' of the light beam. The angular component ϕ is referred to as the `azimuth component' or `azimuth angle' of the light beam. By definition, the elevation angle θ is an angle in a vertical plane (e.g., perpendicular to a plane of the multiview display screen) while the azimuth angle ϕ is an angle in a horizontal plane (e.g., parallel to the multiview display screen plane).

<FIG> illustrates a graphical representation of the angular components {θ, ϕ} of a light beam <NUM> having a particular principal angular direction corresponding to a view direction (e.g., view direction <NUM> in <FIG>) of a multiview display in an example, according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. In addition, the light beam <NUM> is emitted or emanates from a particular point, by definition herein. That is, by definition, the light beam <NUM> has a central ray associated with a particular point of origin within the multiview display. <FIG> also illustrates the light beam (or view direction) point of origin O.

Further herein, the term 'multiview' as used in the terms `multiview image' and `multiview display' is defined as a plurality of views representing different perspectives or including angular disparity between views of the view plurality. In addition, herein the term 'multiview' explicitly includes more than two different views (i.e., a minimum of three views and generally more than three views), by definition herein. As such, `multiview display' as employed herein is explicitly distinguished from a stereoscopic display that includes only two different views to represent a scene or an image. Note however, while multiview images and multiview displays include more than two views, by definition herein, multiview images may be viewed (e.g., on a multiview display) as a stereoscopic pair of images by selecting only two of the multiview views to view at a time (e.g., one view per eye).

A `multiview pixel' is defined herein as a set of pixels representing 'view' pixels in each of a similar plurality of different views of a multiview display. In particular, a multiview pixel may have an individual pixel or set of pixels corresponding to or representing a view pixel in each of the different views of the multiview image. By definition herein therefore, a `view pixel' is a pixel or set of pixels corresponding to a view in a multiview pixel of a multiview display. In some embodiments, a view pixel may include one or more color sub-pixels. Moreover, the view pixels of the multiview pixel are so-called `directional pixels' in that each of the view pixels is associated with a predetermined view direction of a corresponding one of the different views, by definition herein. Further, according to various examples and embodiments, the different view pixels a multiview pixel may have equivalent or at least substantially similar locations or coordinates in each of the different views. For example, a first multiview pixel may have individual view pixels located at {x1, y1} in each of the different views of a multiview image, while a second multiview pixel may have individual view pixels located at {x2, y2} in each of the different views, and so on.

In some embodiments, a number of view pixels in a multiview pixel may be equal to a number of views of the multiview display. For example, the multiview pixel may provide sixty-four (<NUM>) view pixels associated with a multiview display having <NUM> different views. In another example, the multiview display may provide an eight by four array of views (i.e., <NUM> views) and the multiview pixel may include thirty-two (<NUM>) view pixels (i.e., one for each view). Additionally, each different view pixel may have an associated direction (e.g., light beam principal angular direction) that corresponds to a different one of the view directions corresponding to the <NUM> different views, for example. Further, according to some embodiments, a number of multiview pixels of the multiview display may be substantially equal to a number of view pixels (i.e., pixels that make up a selected view) in the multiview display views each view of the multiview display. For example, if a view includes six hundred forty by four hundred eighty view pixels (i.e., a <NUM> x <NUM> view resolution), the multiview display may have three hundred seven thousand two hundred (<NUM>,<NUM>) multiview pixels. In another example, when the views include one hundred by one hundred pixels, the multiview display may include a total of ten thousand (i.e., <NUM> x <NUM> = <NUM>,<NUM>) multiview pixels.

By definition herein, a `multibeam emitter' is a structure or element of a backlight or a display that produces light that includes a plurality of light beams. In some embodiments, the multibeam emitter may be optically coupled to a light guide of a backlight to provide the light beams by coupling out a portion of light guided in the light guide. In such embodiments, a multibeam emitter may comprise a `multibeam element. ' In other embodiments, the multibeam emitter may generate light emitted as the light beams (i.e., may comprise a light source). Further, the light beams of the plurality of light beams produced by a multibeam emitter have different principal angular directions from one another, by definition herein. In particular, by definition, a light beam of the plurality has a predetermined principal angular direction that is different from another light beam of the light beam plurality. Furthermore, the light beam plurality may represent a light field. For example, the light beam plurality may be confined to a substantially conical region of space or have a predetermined angular spread that includes the different principal angular directions of the light beams in the light beam plurality. As such, the predetermined angular spread of the light beams in combination (i.e., the light beam plurality) may represent the light field. According to various embodiments, the different principal angular directions of the various light beams are determined by a characteristic including, but not limited to, a size (e.g., length, width, area, etc.) of the multibeam emitter. In some embodiments, the multibeam emitter may be considered an `extended point light source', i.e., a plurality of point light sources distributed across an extent of the multibeam emitter, by definition herein. Further, a light beam produced by the multibeam emitter has a principal angular direction given by angular components {θ, φ}, by definition herein, and as described above with respect to <FIG>.

Herein, a `multibeam column' is defined as an elongated structure comprising a plurality of multibeam elements arranged in a line or column. In particular, the multibeam column is made up of multibeam elements of the multibeam element plurality arranged in a line or column. Further, the multibeam column is configured to provide or emit light that includes a plurality of directional light beams, by definition. As such, the multibeam column may be functionally similar to the multibeam element with regard to its light scattering properties. That is, the directional light beams of the plurality of directional light beams produced by a multibeam element of the multibeam column have different principal angular directions from one another, by definition herein. In some embodiments, the multibeam column may be a narrow elongated structure that substantially extends across a width of a backlight or similar component of a multiview display. In particular, the multibeam column may be made up of a plurality of discrete multibeam elements arranged in a line that extends across the backlight width, for example. An exception to the definition above is that, the multibeam column comprises a single, continuous diffraction grating structure instead of individual discrete multibeam elements, in some embodiments. In the exception, a section of the continuous diffraction grating effectively functions in a manner that is substantially similar to the discrete multibeam element of the multibeam column described above.

According to various embodiments, a width of the multibeam column may be defined by a size of a multibeam element of the multibeam element plurality of the multibeam column. Thus, the width of the multibeam column may be comparable to a width of a light valve used in a multiview display that is associated with the multibeam column. Further, the multibeam column width may be between about one half and about two times the light valve size, in some embodiments.

Herein, an `active emitter' or equivalently an 'active optical emitter' is defined as an optical emitter configured to produce or emit light when activated or turned on. An active emitter does not receive light from another source of light. Instead, the active emitter generates its own light when activated. An active emitter may comprise a light emitting diode (LED), a micro light emitting diode (µLED), or an organic light emitting diode (OLED), in some examples. The light produced by the active emitter may have a color (i.e., may include a particular wavelength of light), or may be a range of wavelengths (e.g., white light). By definition herein, a `color emitter' is an active emitter that provides light having a color. In some embodiments, an active emitter may comprise a plurality of optical emitters. In some embodiments, at least one optical emitter in the active optical emitter may generate light having a color, or equivalently a wavelength, that differs from a color or wavelength of light produced by at least one other optical emitter of the plurality.

Herein, a `light guide' is defined as a structure that guides light within the structure using total internal reflection. In particular, the light guide may include a core that is substantially transparent at an operational wavelength of the light guide. The term `light guide' generally refers to a dielectric optical waveguide that employs total internal reflection to guide light at an interface between a dielectric material of the light guide and a material or medium that surrounds that light guide. By definition, a condition for total internal reflection is that a refractive index of the light guide is greater than a refractive index of a surrounding medium adjacent to a surface of the light guide material. In some embodiments, the light guide may include a coating in addition to or instead of the aforementioned refractive index difference to further facilitate the total internal reflection. The coating may be a reflective coating, for example. The light guide may be any of several light guides including, but not limited to, one or both of a plate or slab guide and a strip guide.

By definition, 'broad-angle' emitted light is defined as light having a cone angle that is greater than a cone angle of the view of a multiview image or multiview display. In particular, in some embodiments, the broad-angle emitted light may have a cone angle that is greater than about twenty degrees (e.g., > ± <NUM>°). In other embodiments, the broad-angle emitted light cone angle may be greater than about thirty degrees (e.g., > ± <NUM>°), or greater than about forty degrees (e.g., > ± <NUM>°), or greater than about fifty degrees (e.g., > ± <NUM>°). For example, the cone angle of the broad-angle emitted light may be greater than about sixty degrees (e.g., > ± <NUM>°).

In some embodiments, the broad-angle emitted light cone angle may be defined to be about the same as a viewing angle of an LCD computer monitor, an LCD tablet, an LCD television, or a similar digital display device meant for broad-angle viewing (e.g., about ± <NUM>-<NUM>°). In other embodiments, broad-angle emitted light may also be characterized or described as diffuse light, substantially diffuse light, non-directional light (i.e., lacking any specific or defined directionality), or as light having a single or substantially uniform direction.

Herein, a 'light source' is defined as a source of light (e.g., an optical emitter configured to produce and emit light). For example, the light source may comprise an optical emitter such as a light emitting diode (LED) that emits light when activated or turned on. In particular, herein the light source may be substantially any source of light or comprise substantially any optical emitter including, but not limited to, one or more of a light emitting diode (LED), a laser, an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a polymer light emitting diode, a plasma-based optical emitter, a fluorescent lamp, an incandescent lamp, and virtually any other source of light. The light produced by the light source may have a color (i.e., may include a particular wavelength of light), or may be a range of wavelengths (e.g., white light). In some embodiments, the light source may comprise a plurality of optical emitters. For example, the light source may include a set or group of optical emitters in which at least one of the optical emitters produces light having a color, or equivalently a wavelength, that differs from a color or wavelength of light produced by at least one other optical emitter of the set or group. The different colors may include primary colors (e.g., red, green, blue) for example.

Further, as used herein, the article 'a' is intended to have its ordinary meaning in the patent arts, namely 'one or more'. For example, `a color sub-pixel' means one or more color sub-pixels and as such, 'the color sub-pixel' means `color sub-pixel(s)' herein. Also, any reference herein to 'top', 'bottom', 'upper', 'lower', 'up', 'down', 'front', back', 'first', 'second', 'left' or 'right' is not intended to be a limitation herein. Herein, the term 'about' when applied to a value generally means within the tolerance range of the equipment used to produce the value, or may mean plus or minus <NUM>%, or plus or minus <NUM>%, or plus or minus <NUM>%, unless otherwise expressly specified. Further, the term 'substantially' as used herein means a majority, or almost all, or all, or an amount within a range of about <NUM>% to about <NUM>%. Moreover, examples herein are intended to be illustrative only and are presented for discussion purposes and not by way of limitation.

According to some embodiments of the principles described herein, a multiview display is provided. <FIG> illustrates a cross-sectional view of a multiview display <NUM> in an example, according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.

The multiview display <NUM> comprises an array of light valves <NUM>. In various embodiments, different types of light valves may be employed as the light valves <NUM> of the light valve array including, but not limited to, one or more of liquid crystal light valves, electrophoretic light valves, and light valves based on electrowetting. The array of light valves <NUM> comprises a repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM> configured to modulate directional light beams as color pixels of views of a multiview image.

<FIG> illustrates a detailed view of a portion of an array of light valves <NUM> of a multiview display <NUM> in an example, according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. The array of light valves <NUM> comprises a repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM>. In some embodiments, each color sub-pixel <NUM> of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels has a different color. In the embodiment illustrated, the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM> consists of a repeating set of red, blue, and green color sub-pixels (RGB) in this order along a row of the array of light valves <NUM> (each color of a color sub-pixel of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels is denoted with a corresponding initial in the figure). In other embodiments, the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM> may comprise a repeating set of red, blue, green, and yellow color sub-pixels (RGBY). In yet another embodiment, the repeating set may include red, blue, green, and white pixels (RGBW).

As illustrated on <FIG>, the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels is arranged as a plurality of multiview pixels <NUM> of the multiview display <NUM>. Each multiview pixel <NUM> of the plurality of multiview pixels comprises a different subset of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM>. Each multiview pixel <NUM> is configured to modulate directional light beams as color pixels of views of the multiview display <NUM>. The modulated light beams represent the respective different colors of the color sub-pixels <NUM> of the plurality within the color pixels of the multiview display <NUM>. In the embodiment illustrated, the multiview display <NUM> is a <NUM> x <NUM> display (i.e., offers <NUM> views in full parallax mode). Accordingly, each multiview pixel <NUM> of the plurality provides sixteen color view pixels corresponding to sixteen color pixels of sixteen different views of the multiview image. Each color view pixel comprises a set of three consecutive color sub-pixels <NUM> including a red color sub-pixel <NUM>, a green color sub-pixel <NUM>, and a blue color sub-pixel <NUM>. The plurality of multiview pixels <NUM> may be arranged in rows and columns of multiview pixels <NUM>.

A first row of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM> is offset from or shifted with respect to a second row of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM>. <FIG> illustrates a first row I of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM> being offset from a second row II of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM>. The first row Iand the second row II are offset in the row direction, such that within a column of the color sub-pixels <NUM>, a color sub-pixel <NUM> of the first row I has a different color from a color sub-pixel <NUM> of the second row II. In the embodiment illustrated, the first row I and the second row II are adjacent. Further, the offset (or equivalently, the offset distance) between the first row I and the second row II of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM> is equal to an integer multiple of a width of a color sub-pixel <NUM>. In the embodiment illustrated in <FIG>, the first row I of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM> is offset or shifted from the second row II of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM> by a distance of one width of a color sub-pixel <NUM> in the direction of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM>. In other embodiments, the offset distance or shift distance between the first row Iand the second row II may amount to two widths of a color sub-pixel <NUM>, for example.

The offset or shift between the first row I and the second row II is configured to provide corresponding color sub-pixels <NUM> in adjacent multiview pixels <NUM> with or having different colors. <FIG> illustrates the corresponding color sub-pixels <NUM> in a set of adjacent multiview pixels 120a, 120b having different colors as a result of the offset between the first row I and the second row II of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM>. For example, a first color sub-pixel 112a of the illustrated multiview pixel 120a may have a green color, which differs from a blue color of a corresponding color sub-pixel 112b of an adjacent multiview pixels 120b due to the offset. Similarly, the offset results in corresponding color sub-pixels 112b, 112c having different colors, i.e., blue and red, respectively. The different colors of the corresponding colors sub-pixels <NUM>, provided by the offset of rows in adjacent multiview pixels may serve to mitigate color fringing associated with the color pixel of the multiview display <NUM>, according to some embodiments.

In some embodiments (e.g., as illustrated in <FIG>), the multiview display <NUM> may further comprises an array of multibeam emitters <NUM>. The multibeam emitters <NUM> are configured to provide the directional light beams modulated by the plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM>. The directional light beams may have principal angular directions corresponding to respective different view directions of the multiview display <NUM>. In particular, <FIG> illustrates the directional light beams <NUM> as a plurality of diverging arrows depicted as being directed away from the multibeam emitters <NUM> of the multibeam emitter array.

In some embodiments, the multibeam emitters <NUM> of the array may be located at or adjacent to a first (top) surface of a substrate that supports the multibeam emitters <NUM> or equivalently a `multibeam backlight,' as illustrated in <FIG>. In other embodiments (not illustrated), the plurality of multibeam emitters <NUM> may be located on a second (or bottom) surface of the multibeam backlight, opposite to the first surface. In yet other embodiments (not illustrated), the multibeam emitters <NUM> of the multibeam emitter array may be located inside the multibeam backlight between the first surface and the second surface.

In some embodiments, a size of the multibeam emitter <NUM> is comparable to a size of a light valve <NUM> of the multiview display <NUM>. Herein, the 'size' may be defined in any of a variety of manners to include, but not be limited to, a length, a width or an area. For example, the size of a light valve <NUM> may be a length thereof and the comparable size of the multibeam emitter <NUM> may also be a length of the multibeam emitter <NUM>. In another example, size may refer to an area such that an area of the multibeam emitter <NUM> may be comparable to an area of the light valve <NUM>. In some embodiments, the size of the multibeam emitter is comparable to the light valve size such that the multibeam emitter size is between about fifty percent (<NUM>%) and about two hundred percent (<NUM>%) of the light valve size.

As illustrated in <FIG>, different subsets of color sub-pixels <NUM> of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM> of the array of light valves <NUM> correspond to different multibeam emitter <NUM> of the multibeam emitter array. Further, each of the different subsets of color sub-pixels <NUM> may represent a multiview pixel <NUM> of the multiview display <NUM>, as illustrated. As such, a relationship between the multibeam emitters <NUM> of the multibeam emitter array and corresponding multiview pixels <NUM> (e.g., sets of light valves <NUM>) may be a one-to-one relationship, in some embodiments. That is, there may be an equal number of multiview pixels <NUM> and multibeam emitters <NUM>. <FIG> illustrate by way of example and not limitation a one-to-one relationship where each multiview pixel <NUM> comprising a different set of light valves <NUM> is illustrated as surrounded by a thicker line.

<FIG> illustrates a plan view of another multiview display <NUM> in an example, according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. The multiview display <NUM> illustrated may represent a horizontal parallax multiview display. For example, as illustrated multiview display <NUM> may be an <NUM> x <NUM> horizontal parallax multiview display. In the illustrated embodiment, the multiview display <NUM> as a horizontal parallax multiview display comprises a plurality of multibeam columns <NUM> spaced apart along a length of the multiview display <NUM>. A multibeam column <NUM> of the plurality of multibeam columns is configured to provide the directional light beams in a horizontal-only directional pattern. The directional light beams provided by the plurality of multibeam columns <NUM> are modulated by array of light valves <NUM> having offset rows of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM>, e.g., as described above. The directional light beams may have principal angular directions corresponding to respective different view directions of the multiview display <NUM>, views corresponding to the different view directions being arranged in a horizontal-only arrangement corresponding to the horizontal-only directional pattern.

In <FIG>, a first row I of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM> of the multiview display <NUM> is offset or shifted from a second row II of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM>. Further, the first row I and the second row II are offset in the row direction, such that within a column of the color sub-pixels <NUM>, a color sub-pixel <NUM> of the first row I has a different color from a color sub-pixel <NUM> of the second row II. According to various embodiments, an offset distance or shift distance between rows may be equal to an integer multiple of a width of a color sub-pixel <NUM>, e.g., a width of a single color sub-pixel <NUM>. The offset distance may result in the color sub-pixels <NUM> of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels <NUM> to be arranged in parallel slanted vertical stripes for each color of the plurality. Color sub-pixels <NUM> are labeled according to colors R, G, B, corresponding to an RGB color model, while color sub-pixels <NUM> corresponding to the eight views are numbered (i.e., <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) in <FIG>.

As with the embodiments of <FIG>, this arrangement of color sub-pixels <NUM> as slanted vertical stripes illustrated in <FIG> may serve to mitigate color fringing associated with the color pixel of the multiview display <NUM>, in some embodiments. Further, the slanted stripes arrangement of color sub-pixels <NUM> may prevent a view shift in the horizontal direction when the head of the viewer moves in the vertical direction or along the multibeam columns.

In some embodiments, the plurality of multibeam columns <NUM> is the array of multibeam emitters <NUM>. That is, a multibeam column <NUM> of the multibeam column plurality may comprise a plurality of multibeam emitters <NUM> of the array of multibeam emitters arranged in a column. Further, the multibeam emitters <NUM> of each multibeam column <NUM> may be separated by a distance that is less than a width of a size of a multibeam emitter <NUM>, in some embodiments. In some embodiments, multibeam emitters <NUM> of a multibeam column <NUM> may be separated by a distance comparable to a distance separating adjacent light valves <NUM> of the array of light valves. In some embodiments, the multibeam column <NUM> may comprise a continuous multibeam emitter <NUM> or a single elongated multibeam emitter <NUM>.

Referring back to <FIG>, in some embodiments, the multiview display <NUM> further comprises a light guide <NUM>. The light guide <NUM> is configured to guide light along a length of the light guide as guided light <NUM> (i.e., a guided light beam <NUM>). For example, the light guide <NUM> may include a dielectric material configured as an optical waveguide. The dielectric material may have a first refractive index that is greater than a second refractive index of a medium surrounding the dielectric optical waveguide. The difference in refractive indices is configured to facilitate total internal reflection of the guided light <NUM> according to one or more guided modes of the light guide <NUM>, for example.

The light guide <NUM> may be a slab or plate of an optical waveguide (i.e., a plate light guide) comprising an extended, substantially planar sheet of optically transparent, dielectric material. The substantially planar sheet of dielectric material is configured to guide the guided light <NUM> using total internal reflection. According to various examples, the optically transparent material of the light guide <NUM> may include or be made up of any of a variety of dielectric materials including, but not limited to, one or more of various types of glass (e.g., silica glass, alkali-aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, etc.) and substantially optically transparent plastics or polymers (e.g., poly(methyl methacrylate) or `acrylic glass', polycarbonate, etc.). In some examples, the light guide <NUM> may further include a cladding layer (not illustrated) on at least a portion of a surface (e.g., one or both of the first surface and the second surface) of the light guide <NUM>. The cladding layer may be used to further facilitate total internal reflection, according to some examples.

According to various embodiments, the light guide <NUM> is configured to guide the guided light <NUM> according to total internal reflection at a non-zero propagation angle between a first surface <NUM>' (e.g., front or top surface or side) and a second surface <NUM>" (e.g., back or bottom surface or side) of the light guide <NUM>. In particular, the guided light <NUM> propagates by reflecting or 'bouncing' between the first surface <NUM>' and the second surface <NUM>" of the light guide <NUM> at the non-zero propagation angle. In some embodiments, a plurality of guided light beams <NUM> comprising different colors of light may be guided by the light guide <NUM> at respective ones of different color-specific, non-zero propagation angles. Note, the non-zero propagation angle is not illustrated in <FIG> for simplicity of illustration. However, a bold arrow depicting a propagation direction <NUM> illustrates a general propagation direction of the guided light <NUM> along the light guide length in <FIG>.

According to some embodiments, the multibeam emitter <NUM> may comprise a multibeam element <NUM>'. In particular, the multiview display <NUM> that includes the light guide <NUM> may further comprise an array of multibeam elements <NUM>' corresponding to the array of multibeam emitters <NUM>. As such, the multibeam element array is the multibeam emitter array, each multibeam element <NUM>' of the multibeam element array may correspond to a different multibeam emitter <NUM> of the multibeam emitter array, in some embodiments. According to various embodiments, the multibeam elements <NUM>' of the array are spaced apart from one another along a length of the light guide <NUM>. The multibeam elements <NUM>' of the array may be located at or adjacent to the first (or 'top') surface <NUM>' of the light guide <NUM>, for example as illustrated in <FIG>. In other embodiments, the multibeam elements <NUM>' of the array may be located on the second (or 'bottom') surface <NUM>" of the light guide <NUM> or inside the light guide <NUM> between the first and second surfaces <NUM>', <NUM>".

According to various embodiments, the multibeam element <NUM>' of the multibeam element array is configured to scatter out light from the light guide <NUM> as the plurality of directional light beams having principal angular directions corresponding to view directions of different views the multiview image or equivalently of the multiview display <NUM>. According to various embodiments, the multibeam element <NUM>' may comprise any of a number of different structures configured to scatter out a portion of the guided light <NUM> as directional light beams. For example, the different structures may include, but are not limited to, diffraction gratings, micro-reflective elements, micro-refractive elements, or various combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the multibeam element <NUM>' comprising a diffraction grating is configured to diffractively scatter out the guided light portion as the plurality of directional light beams having the different principal angular directions. In other embodiments, the multibeam element <NUM>' comprising a micro-reflective element is configured to reflectively scatter out the guided light portion as the plurality of directional light beams, or the multibeam element <NUM>' comprising a micro-refractive element is configured to scatter out the guided light portion as the plurality of directional light beams by or using refraction (i.e., refractively scatter out the guided light portion).

In other embodiments (not illustrated), the multibeam emitters <NUM> may comprise an active optical emitter such as, but not limited to, a light emitting diode (LED), a micro light emitting diode (µLED) and a micro organic light emitting diode (µOLED). In these embodiments, the light guide <NUM> and a light source configured to provide light to be guided as the guided light within the light guide <NUM> may be omitted. Instead, the light guide <NUM> may be replaced by a substrate to support and provide power to the multibeam emitters <NUM>, as mentioned above.

Referring again to <FIG>, the multiview display <NUM> further comprises a light control film <NUM>. According to various embodiments, the light control film <NUM> is configured to control a view angle of the multiview image. In some embodiments, the light control film <NUM> is configured to control a view angle of the multiview image in a direction orthogonal to a horizontal direction of the multiview display <NUM>. In particular, a light control axis of the light control film <NUM> may be aligned with or parallel to columns of multibeam emitters <NUM> (e.g., parallel to multibeam columns <NUM> or columns of multibeam elements <NUM>'). In these embodiments, the light control film <NUM> may have little or no effect on the view angle of the multiview image in a direction corresponding to the horizontal direction.

<FIG> illustrates a plan view of a multiview display <NUM> having a light control film <NUM> in an example, according to an embodiment consistent with the principle described herein. As illustrated, the light control axis <NUM> of the light control film <NUM> is aligned with (i.e., substantially parallel to) the multibeam columns <NUM> comprising the multibeam emitters <NUM>, by way of example and not limitation. As illustrated, the light control axis <NUM> is also parallel to or aligned with columns of light valves <NUM> (e.g., columns of color sub-pixels) of the array of light valves <NUM>. In some embodiments, the light control film <NUM> may be located between the array of light valves <NUM> and a surface (e.g., the first surface <NUM>') of the light guide <NUM>, e.g., as illustrated in <FIG>. In other embodiments, the array of light valves <NUM> may be located between the light guide <NUM> and the light control film <NUM>, e.g., as illustrated in <FIG>, by way of example and not limitation.

According to various embodiments, the light control film <NUM> may comprise any of a variety of light control films, privacy filters, and similar privacy films. <FIG> illustrates a perspective view of a light control film <NUM> in an example, according to another embodiment consistent with the principle described herein. As illustrated, the light control film <NUM> comprises a plurality of parallel micro-louvers or micro-baffles <NUM> which are configured to be opaque to light passing through the light control film <NUM>. In between the parallel micro-baffles <NUM>, the light control film <NUM> is substantially transparent to light. The parallel micro-baffles <NUM> provide a maximum amount of angular control in a direction perpendicular a length direction of the parallel micro-baffles <NUM>. As such and by definition, the light control axis <NUM> is perpendicular to the length direction of the parallel micro-baffles <NUM>, as illustrated. Examples of light control films that may be used as the light control film <NUM> include, but are not limited, various view control films (VC-films) manufactured by Shin-Etsu Polymers Europe B. that comprise an optical louver film of alternating optical clear silicon rubber and black silicon rubber layer, e.g., see www. info/vc_film. In another non-limiting example, the light control film <NUM> may comprise an advanced light control film (e.g., ALCF-P or ALCF-A) manufactured by <NUM> Display Materials & Systems Division, St.

According to various embodiments, the light control film <NUM> may be configured minimize or limit an angular visibility or view angle of the multiview image in a direction of the light control axis <NUM>. As such, multiview display <NUM> having the light control film <NUM> may be employed in situations where reflection may pose a problem. <FIG> illustrates a side view of a multiview display <NUM> having a light control film <NUM> in an example, according to another embodiment consistent with the principle described herein. As illustrated, the multiview display <NUM> is mounted in an instrument panel of an automobile. A driver <NUM> may readily view the multiview image in a direction 102a toward the multiview display <NUM> (e.g., a plane of horizontal parallax when the multiview display <NUM> is configured as a horizontal parallax-only display). On the other hand, the light control film <NUM> may essentially block a view of the multiview display <NUM> that reflects off of a windshield <NUM> of the automobile, as illustrated by view direction 102b.

In some embodiments, the multiview display <NUM> further comprises a broad-angle backlight <NUM> adjacent to the light guide <NUM>. <FIG> illustrates a cross-sectional view of a multiview display <NUM> comprising a broad-angle backlight <NUM> in an example, according to an embodiment of the principles described herein. According to various embodiments, the broad-angle backlight <NUM> is opposite to a side of the light guide <NUM> adjacent to the light valve array. In particular, as illustrated, the broad-angle backlight <NUM> is adjacent to a bottom surface (i.e., the second surface <NUM>") of the light guide <NUM>. The broad-angle backlight <NUM> is configured to provide broad-angle light <NUM> as broad-angle emitted light. Also illustrated in <FIG> are the array of light valves <NUM> and the light control film <NUM>.

According to some embodiments, the light guide <NUM> and the array of multibeam emitters or elements <NUM>, <NUM>' may be configured to be optically transparent to light propagating substantially perpendicular to a surface of the light guide <NUM> (e.g., the first and second surfaces <NUM>', <NUM>") to facilitate passage of the light through a thickness of the light guide <NUM>. In particular, as illustrated in <FIG>, the light guide <NUM> and the array of multibeam emitters or elements <NUM>, <NUM>' may be configured to be optically transparent to the broad-angle light <NUM> emitted from the adjacent broad-angle backlight <NUM>. Thus, broad-angle light <NUM> may be emitted from the broad-angle backlight <NUM> and through the thickness of light guide <NUM>. Therefore, the broad-angle light <NUM> from the broad-angle backlight <NUM> may be received through the bottom or second surface <NUM>" of the light guide <NUM>, transmitted through a thickness of the light guide <NUM>, and emitted from a top surface (i.e., the first surface <NUM>') of the light guide <NUM> toward the array of light valves <NUM>. Because the light guide <NUM> is optically transparent to the broad-angle light <NUM>, the broad-angle light <NUM> is not substantially affected by the light guide <NUM>.

According to various embodiments, the multiview display <NUM> illustrated in <FIG> may selectively operate in a two-dimensional (2D) mode or a multiview mode. In the 2D mode, the multiview display <NUM> is configured to emit the broad-angle light <NUM> provided by the broad-angle backlight <NUM>. In the multiview mode, the multiview display <NUM> is configured to emit the directional light beams <NUM> provided by the light guide <NUM>, as previously described. The combination of the light guide <NUM> and broad-angle backlight <NUM> may be used in dual (2D/3D) display, for example.

In accordance with some embodiments of the principles described herein, a multiview display <NUM> is provided. <FIG> illustrates a block diagram of a multiview display <NUM> in an example, according to an embodiment consistent with the principles herein. The multiview display <NUM> comprises an array of light valves <NUM> having a repeating plurality of color sub-pixels arranged in offset rows. Light valves <NUM> of the light valve array are arranged as multiview pixels configured to modulate directional light beams as color pixels of a multiview image, according to various embodiments. In some embodiments, the light valves <NUM> of the array may be substantially similar to the light valves <NUM> of the multiview display <NUM>, previously described. As such, different types of light valves may be employed as the light valves <NUM> of the light valve array including, but not limited to, one or more of liquid crystal light valves, electrophoretic light valves, and light valves based on electrowetting. In some embodiments, each color sub-pixel of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels has a different color. For example, the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels may consist of a repeating set of red, blue, and green color sub-pixels (RGB) in this order along a row of the array of light valves <NUM>. In other embodiments, the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels may comprise a repeating set of red, blue, green, and yellow color sub-pixels (RGBY). In yet another embodiment, the repeating set may include red, blue, green, and white pixels (RGBW).

The multiview display <NUM> further comprises an array of multibeam emitters <NUM> configured to illuminate different multiview pixels with different sets of directional light beams. In some embodiments, there may be a one-to-one relationship between a multibeam emitter <NUM> of the array of multibeam emitters <NUM> and a multiview pixel of the light valve array. The multibeam emitters <NUM> of the array may be substantially similar to the multibeam emitters <NUM> of the above-described multiview display <NUM>, according to some embodiments. For example, the multibeam emitters <NUM> of the plurality are configured provide the directional light beams to be modulated by the array of light valves <NUM>. According to various embodiments, the directional light beams have principal angular directions corresponding to respective different view directions of the multiview display <NUM>. Further, the multibeam emitters <NUM> of the plurality may be located on a surface of or within a substrate used to support the multibeam emitters <NUM> (e.g., a light guide described below).

According to various embodiments, adjacent rows of the plurality of color sub-pixels are offset from one another by an integer multiple of a width of a color sub-pixel in or along a row direction. The offset or shift between the adjacent rows is configured to provide a color sub-pixel of a first multiview pixel having a different color than a corresponding color sub-pixel of a second multiview pixel, according to various embodiments. In some embodiments, the offset rows may be substantially similar to the rows having an offset between the first row of the array of color sub-pixels and the second row of the array of color sub-pixels, described above with respect to the multiview display <NUM>. Further, according to the offset of adj acent offset rows of the plurality of color sub-pixels being an integer multiple of a width of a color sub-pixel, the adjacent rows may be offset or shifted by a distance of a width of a color sub-pixel (e.g., as illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG> in reference to the multiview display <NUM>) or two widths of a color sub-pixel, or three widths of a color sub-pixels, and so on.

In some embodiments, a multibeam emitter <NUM> of the multibeam emitter array comprises an active optical emitter. The active optical emitter is configured to emit light as the directional light beams. The directional light beams emitted by the active optical emitter have principal angular directions corresponding to the respective different view directions of the multiview display <NUM>. The active optical emitter may comprise any number of different structures configured to emit light as a plurality of directional light beams. In some embodiments, the active optical emitter comprises, but is not limited to, a micro light emitting diode (µLED) or an organic light emitting diode (OLED). In some embodiments, the active optical emitter is configured to emit white light, while in other embodiments the active optical emitter may emit light comprising a particular color (e.g., may be a monochromatic active optical emitter).

Further, a size of the active optical emitter is comparable to a size of a light valve <NUM> of the light valve array. Herein, the 'size' may be defined in any of a variety of manners to include, but not be limited to, a length, a width or an area. For example, the size of a light valve <NUM> of the light valve array may be a length thereof and the comparable size of the active optical emitter may also be a length of the active optical emitter. In another example, size may refer to an area such that an area of the active optical emitter may be comparable to an area of the light valve <NUM> of the light valve array.

In other embodiments, the multibeam emitter <NUM> of the multibeam emitter array may be substantially passive. In particular, in some embodiments (e.g., as illustrated in <FIG>), the multiview display <NUM> further comprises a light guide <NUM>. The light guide <NUM> is configured to guide light in a propagation direction along a length of the light guide as guided light. In some embodiments, the light guide <NUM> may be substantially similar to the light guide <NUM> of the multiview display <NUM>, previously described. According to various embodiments, the light guide <NUM> is configured to guide the guided light using total internal reflection. Further, the guided light may be guided at a non-zero propagation angle by or within the light guide <NUM>. In some embodiments, the guided light may be collimated or may be a collimated light beam. In particular, the guided light may be collimated according to or having a collimation factor σ, in various embodiments.

In some embodiments (e.g., when the multibeam emitters <NUM> are passive), the multiview display <NUM> may further comprise an array of multibeam elements spaced apart from one another along the light guide length. The multibeam element is configured to scatter out a portion of the guided light within the light guide <NUM> as the directional light beams. Further, a multibeam element of the multibeam element array may correspond to a multibeam emitter of the multibeam emitter array, according to these embodiments. In some embodiments, a multibeam element of the array of multibeam elements may be substantially similar to the multibeam element <NUM>' of the multiview display <NUM>, described above. As such, the multibeam element is configured to illuminate different multiview pixels with different sets of the directional light beams. In particular, there may be a one-to-one relationship between a multibeam element of the array of multibeam elements and a multiview pixel of the array of multiview pixels. The multibeam element may be located on surface of or within the light guide <NUM>.

In some embodiments, a size of the multibeam element is comparable to a size of a light valve <NUM> of the light valve array. In some embodiments, the size of the multibeam element is comparable to the light valve size such that the multibeam element size is between about fifty percent (<NUM>%) and about two hundred percent (<NUM>%) of the light valve size.

In some embodiments, the multibeam element may comprise any of a number of different structures configured to scatter out a portion of the guided light. For example, the different structures may include, but are not limited to, diffraction gratings, micro-reflective elements, micro-refractive elements, or various combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the multibeam element comprising a diffraction grating is configured to diffractively scatter out the guided light portion as the plurality of directional light beams having the different principal angular directions. In other embodiments, the multibeam element comprising a micro-reflective element is configured to reflectively scatter out the guided light portion as the plurality of directional light beams, or the multibeam element comprising a micro-refractive element is configured to scatter out the guided light portion as the plurality of directional light beams by or using refraction (i.e., refractively scatter out the guided light portion).

The multiview display <NUM> illustrated in <FIG> further comprises a light control film <NUM> configured to control a view angle of the multiview image. According to some embodiments, the light control film <NUM> may be substantially similar to the light control film <NUM> described above with respect to the multiview display <NUM>. In particular, the light control film <NUM> has a light control axis aligned with a column of multibeam emitters <NUM>, in some embodiments. That is, the light control axis of the light control film <NUM> may be parallel to the multibeam emitter columns of the multiview display <NUM>. The light control axis may also be aligned with columns of light valves <NUM> in the light valve array. In some embodiments, the array of light valves <NUM> is between the light control film <NUM> and the light guide <NUM> having the multibeam emitters <NUM>, as illustrated in <FIG>. In other embodiments not explicitly illustrated with respect to the multiview display <NUM>, the light control film <NUM> may be located between the array of light valves <NUM> and the light guide <NUM>.

In some embodiments (not illustrated), the multiview display <NUM> may further comprise a light source. According to various embodiments, the light source is configured to provide the light to be guided within light guide <NUM>. In particular, the light source may be located adjacent to an entrance surface or end (input end) of the light guide <NUM>. In various embodiments, the light source may comprise substantially any source of light (e.g., optical emitter) including, but not limited to, one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) or a laser (e.g., laser diode). In some embodiments, the light source may comprise an optical emitter configured produce a substantially monochromatic light having a narrowband spectrum denoted by a particular color. In particular, the color of the monochromatic light may be a primary color of a particular color space or color model (e.g., a red-green-blue (RGB) color model). In other examples, the light source may be a substantially broadband light source configured to provide substantially broadband or polychromatic light. For example, the light source may provide white light. In some embodiments, the light source may comprise a plurality of different optical emitters configured to provide different colors of light. The different optical emitters may be configured to provide light having different, color-specific, non-zero propagation angles of the guided light corresponding to each of the different colors of light.

In some embodiments, the guided light may be collimated or equivalently may be a collimated light beam (e.g., provided by a collimator, as described below). Herein, a `collimated light' or `collimated light beam' is generally defined as a beam of light in which rays of the light beam are substantially confined to a predetermined or defined angular spread within the light beam (e.g., the guided light). Further, rays of light that diverge or are scattered from the collimated light beam are not considered to be part of the collimated light beam, by definition herein. Moreover, the guided light may be collimated according to or having a collimation factor σ, in various embodiments.

According to some embodiments of the principles described herein, a method of multiview display operation is provided. <FIG> illustrates a flow chart of the method <NUM> of multiview display operation, according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. As illustrated, the method <NUM> of multiview display operation comprises emitting <NUM> directional light beams using an array of multibeam emitters. In some embodiments, the multibeam emitters of the array may be substantially similar to the multibeam emitters <NUM> of the multiview display <NUM>, previously described. In particular, the multibeam emitters of the multibeam emitter array may be arranged in rows and columns of multibeam emitters. The directional light beams have directions corresponding to different views directions of the multiview display.

The method <NUM> of multiview display operation further comprises modulating <NUM> the directional light beams using an array of light valves. The array of light valves comprises a repeating plurality of color sub-pixels arranged as a plurality of multiview pixels and the modulated directional light beams provide color pixels of different views of a multiview image displayed by the multiview display. According to some embodiments, the array of light valves may be substantially similar to the array of light valves <NUM> of the above-described multiview display <NUM>. As such, different types of light valves may be employed as the light valves of the light valve array including, but not limited to, one or more of liquid crystal light valves, electrophoretic light valves, and light valves based on electrowetting.

In some embodiments, each color sub-pixel of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels has a different color. For example, the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels may consist of a repeating set of red, blue, and green color sub-pixels (RGB) in this order along a row of the array of light valves, as illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG> for the multiview display <NUM>. In other embodiments, the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels may comprise a repeating set of red, blue, green, and yellow color sub-pixels (RGBY). In yet another embodiment, the repeating set may include red, blue, green, and white pixels (RGBW). The color sub-pixels of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels are arranged along rows of the light valve array. Further, multibeam emitters of the multibeam emitter array are arranged in rows having a row direction corresponding to row direction of the rows of the light valve array.

According to various embodiments, rows of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels of the light valve array are offset or shifted from one another. In particular, a first row of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels is offset from a second row of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels to provide corresponding color sub-pixels in adjacent multiview pixels with different colors. The offset of the rows is configured to mitigate color fringing associated with the color pixel of a multiview image being displayed by the multiview display. In some embodiments, the offset between the first and a second row may be substantially similar to the offset between the first and the second row as described in relation to the multiview display <NUM>. For example, the offset or shift between the first and second rows of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels may be equal to an integer multiple of a width of a color sub-pixel in a direction of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels. In some embodiments, emitting <NUM> the directional light beams comprises using a plurality of multibeam columns spaced apart from one another along a length of the multiview display to emit the directional light beams. In particular, multibeam column of the multibeam column plurality is configured to emit a plurality of directional light beams. The directional light beams have principal directions corresponding to view directions of the multiview display. In some embodiments, the plurality of multibeam columns is the array of multibeam emitters. That is, a multibeam column of the multibeam column plurality comprises a column of multibeam emitters of the array of multibeam emitters wherein the multibeam emitters are offset from one another in a row direction to form a slanted column of multibeam emitters. In some embodiments, the multibeam column may comprise a continuous multibeam element or a single elongated multibeam element. The multibeam columns may be employed in a horizontal parallax-only display where the views are arranged in a horizontal parallax arrangement, as illustrated in <FIG> for a horizontal parallax-only arrangement of the multiview display <NUM>.

In some embodiments, emitting <NUM> directional light beams using an array of multibeam emitters comprises guiding light in a light guide as guided light. The light guide may be substantially similar to the light guide <NUM> of the multiview display <NUM>, and light may be guided at a non-zero propagation angle between opposite internal surfaces of the light guide, in some embodiments. Emitting <NUM> the directional light beams using the array of multibeam emitters may further comprise scattering out a portion of the guided light using a multibeam element of an array of multibeam elements to provide the directional light beams. The multibeam element may be substantially similar to the multibeam element <NUM>' of the multiview display <NUM>. Further, the multibeam element may have a size comparable to a size of a light valve of the light valve array. For example, the size of the multibeam element may be comparable to the light valve size such that the multibeam element size is between about fifty percent (<NUM>%) and about two hundred percent (<NUM>%) of the light valve size. Further, the multibeam element may be the multibeam emitter array such that each multibeam element of the multibeam element array corresponds to a different multibeam emitter of the multibeam emitter array.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the method <NUM> of multiview display operation further comprises controlling <NUM> a view angle of the multiview image using a light control film. In some embodiments (e.g., when the multiview display is a horizontal parallax multiview display) the view angle may be controlled in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal parallax. According to some embodiments, the light control film may be substantially similar to the above-described light control film <NUM> of the multiview display <NUM>. For example, the light control film may comprise micro-louvers and the light control axis may be defined as a direction perpendicular to a direction of the micro-louvers. In some embodiments, the light control film may be located between the array of light valves and a surface of the light guide, while the light valve array may be located between the light control film and the light guide surface, in other embodiments.

Claim 1:
A multiview display comprising:
an array of light valves (<NUM>) having rows of a repeating plurality of color sub-pixels (<NUM>) and arranged as a plurality of multiview pixels configured to modulate directional light beams as color pixels of views of a multiview image, a first row of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels (<NUM>) being offset from a second row of the repeating plurality of color sub-pixels (<NUM>) in a row direction by an integer multiple of a width of a color sub-pixel; and
a light control film (<NUM>) configured to control a view angle of the multiview image,
wherein the offset of the first and second rows is configured to provide corresponding color sub-pixels in adjacent multiview pixels having different colors to mitigate color fringing associated with the color pixel of the multiview image.