Patent Description:
One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an organic light-emitting device and an electronic apparatus including the same.

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emission devices that, as compared with devices of the related art, have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, excellent characteristics in terms of brightness, driving voltage, and/or response speed, and produce full-color images.

OLEDs may include a first electrode located on a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode sequentially stacked on the first electrode. Holes provided from the first electrode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the second electrode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers, such as holes and electrons, may then recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons transition from an excited state to a ground state to thereby generate light.

<CIT> relates to an electronic device comprising a substrate, a first electrode, at least one organic functional layer, and a second electrode.

<CIT> relates to an OLED whose emissive layer has a first host and an emitter, where the emitter is a phosphorescent metal complex or a delayed fluorescent emitter, where EH1T, the T1 triplet energy of the first host, is higher than EET, the T1 triplet energy of the emitter, where EET is at least <NUM> eV, where the LUMO energy of the first host is higher than the HOMO energy of the emitter, where the absolute value of the difference between the HOMO energy of the emitter and the LUMO energy of the first host is ΔE1, where a ≤ ΔE1 - EET ≤ b; and where a ≥ <NUM> eV, and b ≤ <NUM> eV.

<CIT> relates to an organic electroluminescent device that includes a light-emitting layer between an anode and a cathode opposite to each other.

One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward an organic light-emitting device having low driving voltage, high efficiency, and long lifespan, and an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an organic light-emitting device according to the claims including:.

Reference will now be made in more detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. Expressions such as "at least one of," "one of," and "selected from," when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. For example, throughout the disclosure, the expression "at least one of a, b or c" indicates only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

As the present disclosure can apply various transformations and can have various embodiments, specific embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in more detail in the detailed description. Effects and features of the present disclosure, and methods of achieving the same will be clarified by referring to embodiments described herein with reference to the drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below and may be implemented in various forms.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same or corresponding components will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and thus redundant description thereof will not be provided.

It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" used herein specify the presence of stated features or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features or components.

It will be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being "on" or "onto" another layer, region, or component, it may be directly or indirectly formed on the other layer, region, or component. That is, for example, intervening layers, regions, or components may be present.

Sizes of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated for convenience of explanation. In other words, since sizes and thicknesses of components in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated for convenience of explanation, the following embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The term "organic layer" used herein refers to a single layer and/or all layers between the first electrode and the second electrode of the organic light-emitting device. A material included in "the organic layer" is not limited to an organic material.

<FIG> is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device <NUM> according to an embodiment. The organic light-emitting device <NUM> includes a first electrode <NUM>, an organic layer <NUM>, and a second electrode <NUM>.

Hereinafter, the structure of the organic light-emitting device <NUM> according to an embodiment and a method of manufacturing the organic light-emitting device <NUM> will be described in connection with <FIG>.

In <FIG>, a substrate may be additionally located under the first electrode <NUM> or above the second electrode <NUM>. The substrate may be a glass substrate and/or a plastic substrate. The substrate <NUM> may be a flexible substrate, and, for example, may include plastics with excellent (or suitable) heat resistance and durability, such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide, or any combination thereof.

The first electrode <NUM> may be formed by, for example, depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode <NUM> on the substrate. When the first electrode <NUM> is an anode, a material that has a high work function and can easily inject holes may be used as a material for forming the first electrode <NUM>.

The first electrode <NUM> may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode <NUM> is a transmissive electrode, a material for forming the first electrode <NUM> may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO<NUM>), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combinations thereof. In one or more embodiments, when the first electrode <NUM> is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminium (Al), aluminium-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combinations thereof may be used as a material for forming the first electrode <NUM>.

The first electrode <NUM> may have a single-layered structure including (e.g., consisting of) a single layer or a multi-layered structure including a plurality of layers. For example, the first electrode <NUM> may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO.

The organic layer <NUM> is located on the first electrode <NUM>.

The organic layer <NUM> may further include a hole transport region located between the first electrode <NUM> and the emission layer and an electron transport region located between the emission layer and the second electrode <NUM>.

In an embodiment, the organic layer <NUM> may include an organic compound, a metal-containing compound (for example, an organometallic compound), an inorganic material (such as a metal and/or a quantum dot), or any combination thereof.

In one or more embodiments, the organic layer <NUM> may include, between the first electrode <NUM> and the second electrode <NUM>, i) two or more emitting units stacked sequentially on the first electrode <NUM> and ii) charge generation layer(s) located between the two or more emitting units. When the organic layer <NUM> includes the two or more emitting units and the charge generation layer(s) as described above, the organic light-emitting device <NUM> may be a tandem organic light-emitting device.

The hole transport region may have: i) a single-layered structure including (e.g., consisting of) a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including (e.g., consisting of) a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure including a plurality of layers including different materials.

The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof.

For example, the hole transport region may have a multi-layered structure including a hole injection layer/hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injection layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer structure, wherein, in each structure, layers are stacked sequentially from the first electrode <NUM>, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The hole transport region may include a compound represented by Formula <NUM>, a compound represented by Formula <NUM>, or any combination thereof:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

For example, the compound represented by Formula <NUM> and the compound represented by Formula <NUM> may each include at least one of the groups represented by Formulae CY201 to CY217:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

In Formulae CY201 to CY217, R10b and R10c may each independently be the same as described herein in connection with R10a, and ring CY<NUM> to ring CY<NUM> may each independently be a C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group or a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group. In Formulae CY201 to CY217, at least one hydrogen may be substituted with R10a.

In an embodiment, in Formulae CY201 to CY217, ring CY<NUM> to ring CY<NUM> may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a phenanthrene group, or an anthracene group.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula <NUM> and the compound represented by Formula <NUM> may each independently include at least one of the groups represented by Formulae CY201 to CY203.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula <NUM> may include at least one of the groups represented by Formulae CY201 to CY203 and at least one of the groups represented by Formulae CY204 to CY217.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, xa1 may be <NUM>, R<NUM> may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY201 to CY203, xa2 may be <NUM>, and R<NUM> may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY204 to CY207.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula <NUM> and the compound represented by Formula <NUM> may each independently not include groups represented by Formulae CY201 to CY203.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula <NUM> and the compound represented by Formula <NUM> may each independently not include groups represented by Formulae CY201 to CY203, but may each include at least one of the groups represented by Formulae CY204 to CY217.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula <NUM> and the compound represented by Formula <NUM> may each independently not include groups represented by Formulae CY201 to CY217.

For example, the hole transport region may include one of Compounds HT1 to HT44, m-MTDATA, TDATA, <NUM>-TNATA, NPB(NPD), β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, <NUM>,<NUM>',<NUM>"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), poly(<NUM>,<NUM>-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(<NUM>-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), polyaniline/poly(<NUM>-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), or any combination thereof:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

A thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, for example, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å or about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å. When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or any combination thereof, a thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, for example, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, or about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å, and a thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, for example, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within the ranges above, satisfactory (or suitable) hole transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The emission auxiliary layer may increase light-emission efficiency by compensating for an optical resonance distance according to the wavelength of light emitted by the emission layer, and the electron blocking layer may block or reduce the leakage of electrons from the electron transport region. A material included in the hole transport region may be included in the emission auxiliary layer and/or the electron blocking layer.

The hole transport region may include, in addition to the materials described above, a charge-generating material for the improvement of conductive properties. The charge-generating material may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region (for example, in the form of a single layer including (e.g., consisting of) the charge-generating material).

The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant.

In an embodiment, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the p-dopant may be equal to or less than -<NUM> eV.

In an embodiment, the p-dopant may include a quinone derivative, a cyano group-containing compound, a compound including Elements EL1 and EL2, or any combination thereof.

Non-limiting examples of the quinone derivative are TCNQ, F4-TCNQ, and the like, and.

non-limiting examples of the cyano group-containing compound are HAT-CN, a compound represented by Formula <NUM>, and the like:
<CHM>
<CHM>.

In the compound including Elements EL1 and EL2, Element EL1 may be a metal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof, and Element EL2 may be a non-metal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof.

Non-limiting examples of the metal are: an alkali metal (for example, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), etc.); an alkaline earth metal (for example, beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), etc.); a transition metal (for example, titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), etc); a post-transition metal (for example, zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), etc); a lanthanide metal (for example, lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), etc); and the like.

Non-limiting examples of the metalloid are silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), and the like.

Non-limiting examples of the non-metal are oxygen (O), halogen (for example, F, Cl, Br, I, etc.), and the like.

For example, the compound including Elements EL1 and EL2 may include a metal oxide, a metal halide (for example, metal fluoride, metal chloride, metal bromide, metal iodide, etc.), a metalloid halide (for example, metalloid fluoride, metalloid chloride, metalloid bromide, metalloid iodide, etc.), a metal telluride, or any combination thereof.

Non-limiting examples of the metal oxide are tungsten oxide (for example, WO, W<NUM>O<NUM>, WO<NUM>, WO<NUM>, W<NUM>O<NUM>, etc.), vanadium oxide (for example, VO, V<NUM>O<NUM>, VO<NUM>, V<NUM>O<NUM>, etc.), molybdenum oxide (MoO, Mo<NUM>O<NUM>, MoO<NUM>, MoO<NUM>, Mo<NUM>O<NUM>, etc.), rhenium oxide (for example, ReO<NUM>, etc.), and the like.

Non-limiting examples of the metal halide are alkali metal halide, alkaline earth metal halide, transition metal halide, post-transition metal halide, lanthanide metal halide, and the like.

Non-limiting examples of the alkali metal halide are LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, LiCl, NaCl, KCI, RbCl, CsCl, LiBr, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, Lil, Nal, KI, Rbl, Csl, and the like.

Non-limiting examples of the alkaline earth metal halide are BeF<NUM>, MgF<NUM>, CaF<NUM>, SrF<NUM>, BaF<NUM>, BeCl<NUM>, MgCl<NUM>, CaCl<NUM>, SrCl<NUM>, BaCl<NUM>, BeBr<NUM>, MgBr<NUM>, CaBr<NUM>, SrBr<NUM>, BaBr<NUM>, BeI<NUM>, MgI<NUM>, CaI<NUM>, SrI<NUM>, BaI<NUM>, and the like.

Non-limiting examples of the transition metal halide are titanium halide (for example, TiF<NUM>, TiCl<NUM>, TiBr<NUM>, TiI<NUM>, etc.), zirconium halide (for example, ZrF<NUM>, ZrCl<NUM>, ZrBr<NUM>, ZrI<NUM>, etc.), hafnium halide (for example, HfF<NUM>, HfCl<NUM>, HfBr<NUM>, HfI<NUM>, etc.), vanadium halide (for example, VF<NUM>, VCl<NUM>, VBr<NUM>, VI<NUM>, etc.), niobium halide (for example, NbF<NUM>, NbCl<NUM>, NbBr<NUM>, NbI<NUM>, etc.), tantalum halide (for example, TaF<NUM>, TaCl<NUM>, TaBr<NUM>, TaI<NUM>, etc.), chromium halide (for example, CrF<NUM>, CrCl<NUM>, CrBr<NUM>, CrI<NUM>, etc.), molybdenum halide (for example, MoF<NUM>, MoCl<NUM>, MoBr<NUM>, MoI<NUM>, etc.), tungsten halide (for example, WF<NUM>, WCl<NUM>, WBr<NUM>, WI<NUM>, etc.), manganese halide (for example, MnF<NUM>, MnCl<NUM>, MnBr<NUM>, MnI<NUM>, etc.), technetium halide (for example, TcF<NUM>, TcCl<NUM>, TcBr<NUM>, TcI<NUM>, etc.), rhenium halide (for example, ReF<NUM>, ReCl<NUM>, ReBr<NUM>, ReI<NUM>, etc.), iron halide (for example, FeF<NUM>, FeCl<NUM>, FeBr<NUM>, FeI<NUM>, etc.), ruthenium halide (for example, RuF<NUM>, RuCl<NUM>, RuBr<NUM>, RuI<NUM>, etc.), osmium halide (for example, OsF<NUM>, OsCl<NUM>, OsBr<NUM>, OsI<NUM>, etc.), cobalt halide (for example, CoF<NUM>, CoCl<NUM>, CoBr<NUM>, CoI<NUM>, etc.), rhodium halide (for example, RhF<NUM>, RhCl<NUM>, RhBr<NUM>, RhI<NUM>, etc.), iridium halide (for example, IrF<NUM>, IrCl<NUM>, IrBr<NUM>, IrI<NUM>, etc.), nickel halide (for example, NiF<NUM>, NiCl<NUM>, NiBr<NUM>, NiI<NUM>, etc.), palladium halide (for example, PdF<NUM>, PdCl<NUM>, PdBr<NUM>, PdI<NUM>, etc.), platinum halide (for example, PtF<NUM>, PtCl<NUM>, PtBr<NUM>, PtI<NUM>, etc.), copper halide (for example, CuF, CuCl, CuBr, Cul, etc.), silver halide (for example, AgF, AgCl, AgBr, Agl, etc.), gold halide (for example, AuF, AuCl, AuBr, Aul, etc.), and the like.

Non-limiting examples of the post-transition metal are zinc halide (for example, ZnF<NUM>, ZnCl<NUM>, ZnBr<NUM>, ZnI<NUM>, etc.), indium halide (for example, InI<NUM>, etc.), tin halide (for example, SnI<NUM>, etc.), and the like.

Non-limiting examples of the lanthanide metal halide are YbF, YbF<NUM>, YbF<NUM>, SmF<NUM>, YbCl, YbCl<NUM>, YbCl<NUM>, SmCl<NUM>, YbBr, YbBr<NUM>, YbBr<NUM>, SmBr<NUM>, Ybl, YbI<NUM>, YbI<NUM>, SmI<NUM>, and the like.

Non-limiting examples of the metalloid halide are antimony halide (for example, SbCl<NUM>, etc.), and the like.

Non-limiting examples of the metal telluride are alkali metal telluride (for example, Li<NUM>Te, a Na<NUM>Te, K<NUM>Te, Rb<NUM>Te, Cs<NUM>Te, etc.), alkaline earth metal telluride (for example, BeTe, MgTe, CaTe, SrTe, BaTe, etc.), transition metal telluride (for example, TiTe<NUM>, ZrTe<NUM>, HfTe<NUM>, V<NUM>Te<NUM>, Nb<NUM>Te<NUM>, Ta<NUM>Te<NUM>, Cr<NUM>Te<NUM>, Mo<NUM>Te<NUM>, W<NUM>Te<NUM>, MnTe, TcTe, ReTe, FeTe, RuTe, OsTe, CoTe, RhTe, IrTe, NiTe, PdTe, PtTe, Cu<NUM>Te, CuTe, Ag<NUM>Te, AgTe, Au<NUM>Te, etc.), post-transition metal telluride (for example, ZnTe, etc.), lanthanide metal telluride (for example, LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, etc.), and the like.

When the organic light-emitting device <NUM> is a full-color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and/or a blue emission layer, according to a sub-pixel. In an embodiment, the emission layer may have a stacked structure of two or more layers of a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer, in which the two or more layers contact each other or are separated from each other. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include two or more materials of a red light-emitting material, a green light-emitting material, and a blue light-emitting material, in which the two or more materials are mixed with each other in a single layer to emit white light.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant.

A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, for example, about <NUM> A to about <NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å or about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is satisfied within any of the ranges above, excellent (or improved) light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

In an embodiment, the host may include a compound represented by Formula <NUM>:.

Formula <NUM>     [Ar<NUM>]xb11-[(L<NUM>)xb1-R<NUM>]xb21,.

For example, when xb11 in Formula <NUM> is <NUM> or more, two or more of Ar<NUM>(s) may be linked to each other via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, the host may include a compound represented by Formula <NUM>-<NUM>, a compound represented by Formula <NUM>-<NUM>, or any combination thereof:
<CHM>
<CHM>.

In Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM>-<NUM>,.

In one or more embodiments, the host may include an alkaline earth metal complex. For example, the host may include a Be complex (for example, Compound H55), a Mg complex, a Zn complex, or any combination thereof.

In one or more embodiments, the host may include one of Compounds H1 to H124, <NUM>,<NUM>-di(<NUM>-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN), <NUM>-methyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-bis(naphthalen-<NUM>-yl)anthracene (MADN), <NUM>,<NUM>-di(<NUM>-naphthyl)-<NUM>-t-butyl-anthracene (TBADN), <NUM>,<NUM>'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-<NUM>,<NUM>'-biphenyl (CBP), <NUM>,<NUM>-di-<NUM>-carbazolylbenzene (mCP), <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tri(carbazol-<NUM>-yl)benzene (TCP), or any combination thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

The host includes a first host compound, a second host compound, and a third host compound.

The first host compound satisfies Conditions <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM>-<NUM>: <MAT> <MAT>.

"S<NUM> energy" of a compound as used herein refers to the lowest excitation singlet energy level of the compound. For example, by preparing, on a quartz substrate of the compound, a sample having a thickness of <NUM>,000Å and analyzing the obtained absorption spectrum from the sample at room temperature, S<NUM> energy may be calculated. "Onset S<NUM> energy" of a compound as used herein may refer to the S<NUM> energy level of a compound in an onset wavelength.

"T<NUM> energy" of a compound as used herein refers to the lowest excitation triplet energy level of the compound. For example, from a sample having a thickness of <NUM>,000Å, wherein a compound is deposited on a quartz substrate of the compound, an emission spectrum of the sample may be obtained at a temperature of <NUM>, the first peak (the peak with the shortest wavelength) of the photoluminescence spectrum may be analyzed, and the T<NUM> energy may be calculated therefrom. "Onset T<NUM> energy" of a compound as used herein refers to the T<NUM> energy level of a compound in an onset wavelength.

In the organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment, the emission layer includes the first host compound satisfying Conditions <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM>-<NUM>, so that a suitably high energy host may be used and the balance of electrons and holes in the emission layer may be also improved, thereby exhibiting low driving voltage, high efficiency, and long lifespan.

In an embodiment, the first host compound and the second host compound may satisfy Condition <NUM>-<NUM>, and.

in one or more embodiments, the first host compound and the third host compound may satisfy Condition <NUM>-<NUM>: <MAT> <MAT>.

In the organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment, the emission layer may include the first host compound, the second host compound, and the third host compound satisfying Conditions <NUM>-<NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, and/or <NUM>-<NUM>, so that suitably high energy hosts may be used, and the balance between electrons and holes may be also improved, thereby exhibiting low driving voltage, high efficiency, and long lifespan.

In an embodiment, the first host compound may not form an exciplex with the second host compound.

In one or more embodiments, the first host compound may not form an exciplex with the third host compound.

In one or more embodiments, the second host compound may form an exciplex with the third host compound.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, when the host included in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device is formed of a host compound forming an exciplex, an energy level of a formed exciplex may be relatively low compared to a case using a single host compound. Accordingly, the organic light-emitting device may have a limit to stably (suitably) exhibit low driving voltage, high efficiency, and long lifespan.

The organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment includes the first host compound, so that even when the second host compound and the third host compound form an exciplex, the energy level of all the hosts may be increased, thereby obtaining the organic light-emitting device having low driving voltage, high efficiency, and long lifespan.

In an embodiment, the second host compound may be a hole transport compound not including an electron transport moiety, and the third host compound may be an electron transport compound including an electron transport moiety or a bipolar compound including an electron transport moiety.

When the second host compound is a hole transport compound, and the third host compound is an electron transport compound or a bipolar compound, the balance between electrons and holes in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device may be improved, thereby exhibiting low driving voltage, high efficiency, and long lifespan.

In an embodiment, the electron transport moiety may include at least one one selected from a cyano group, a phosphine oxide group, a sulfone oxide group, a sulfonate group, and a π electron- deficient nitrogen-containing ring.

In one or more embodiments, the electron transport moiety may include at least one selected from a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, and a quinazoline group.

The first host compound is one of Compounds A-<NUM> to A-<NUM>, and A-<NUM> to A-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

Compounds A-<NUM> and A-<NUM> are reference compounds not forming part of the present invention. In an embodiment, based on <NUM> parts by weight of the host, an amount of the first host compounc is in a range of about <NUM> parts by weight to about <NUM> parts by weight.

In an embodiment, the second host compound may be a compound represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

In an embodiment, the second host compound may be selected from a fluorene-containing compound, a carbazole-containing compound, a diarylamine compound, a triarylamine compound, a dibenzofuran-containing compound, a dibenzothiophene-containing compound, and a dibenzosilole-containing compound.

In an embodiment, A<NUM> to A<NUM> may each independently be selected from a benzene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a fluorene group, a phenanthrene group, and a carbazole group.

In an embodiment, A<NUM>, A<NUM>, and A<NUM> may each independently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, and a phenanthrene group.

In one or more embodiments, A<NUM>, A<NUM>, and A<NUM> may each be a benzene group or a naphthalene group.

In an embodiment, L<NUM> to L<NUM> may each independently be selected from:.

In an embodiment, R<NUM> to R<NUM> may each independently be selected from:.

In an embodiment, Q<NUM> to Q<NUM> may each independently be selected from a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In an embodiment, the third host compound may be an electron transport compound including an electron transport moiety.

In an embodiment, the third host compound may be a compound represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM>-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

In an embodiment, the third host compound may be a triazine-containing compound, a triazole-containing compound, an imidazole-containing compound, and/or an oxazine-containing compound.

In one or more embodiments, the third host compound may be a bipolar compound including an electron transport moiety.

In one or more embodiments, the third host compound may be a compound represented by Formula <NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

In an embodiment, the third host compound may be a compound represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

In an embodiment, A<NUM>, A<NUM>, and A<NUM> may each independently be selected from a benzene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a fluorene group, a phenanthrene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, and a carbazole group.

In one or more embodiments, A<NUM>, A<NUM>, and A<NUM> may each independently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a phenanthrene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, and a pyridazine group.

In one or more embodiments, A<NUM>, A<NUM>, and A<NUM> may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, or a phenanthrene group.

In one or more embodiments, A<NUM>, A<NUM>, and A<NUM> may each independently be a benzene group or a naphthalene group.

In an embodiment, L<NUM> to L<NUM> and L<NUM> to L<NUM> may each independently be selected from:.

In an embodiment, R<NUM> to R<NUM> and R<NUM> to R<NUM> may each independently be selected from:.

In an embodiment, Q<NUM> to Q<NUM>, Q<NUM> to Q<NUM>, and Q<NUM> to Q<NUM> may each independently be selected from a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

In an embodiment, the host includes (e.g., may consist of) the first host compound, the second host compound, and the third host compound.

In one or more embodiments, the host may further include, in addition to the first host compound, the second host compound, and the third host compound, a host compound such as a compound represented by Formula <NUM>.

The dopant may include a phosphorescent dopant compound, a fluorescent dopant compound, a delayed fluorescence dopant compound, or any combination thereof.

An amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be in a range of about <NUM> parts by weight to about <NUM> parts by weight based on <NUM> parts by weight of the host. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The phosphorescent dopant compound may include at least one transition metal as a central metal.

The phosphorescent dopant compound may include a monodentate ligand, a bidentate ligand, a tridentate ligand, a tetradentate ligand, a pentadentate ligand, a hexadentate ligand, or any combination thereof.

The phosphorescent dopant compound may be electrically neutral.

For example, the phosphorescent dopant compound may include an organometallic compound represented by Formula <NUM>:.

In an embodiment, in Formula <NUM>, i) X<NUM> may be nitrogen, and X<NUM> may be carbon, or ii) each of X<NUM> and X<NUM> may be nitrogen.

In one or more embodiments, when xc1 in Formulae <NUM> and <NUM> is <NUM> or more, two ring A<NUM>(s) in two or more of L<NUM>(s) may optionally be linked to each other via T<NUM>, which is a linking group, or two ring A<NUM>(s) in two or more of L<NUM>(s) may optionally be linked to each other via T<NUM>, which is a linking group (see e.g., Compounds PD1 to PD4 and PD7), wherein T<NUM> and T<NUM> may each be the same as described in connection with T<NUM>.

L<NUM> in Formula <NUM> may be an organic ligand. For example, L<NUM> may be a halogen group, a diketone group (for example, an acetylacetonate group), a carboxylic acid group (for example, a picolinate group), -C(=O), an isonitrile group, a -CN group, a phosphorus group (for example, a phosphine group and/or a phosphite group), or any combination thereof.

The phosphorescent dopant compound may include, for example, one of Compounds PD1 to PD25 or any combination thereof:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

The fluorescent dopant compound may include an amine group-containing compound, a styryl group-containing compound, or any combination thereof.

For example, the fluorescent dopant compound may include a compound represented by Formula <NUM>:
<CHM>.

For example, Ar<NUM> in Formula <NUM> may include a condensed cyclic group (for example, an anthracene group, a chrysene group, a pyrene group, etc.) in which three or more monocyclic groups are condensed with each other.

In an embodiment, xd4 in Formula <NUM> may be <NUM>.

For example, the fluorescent dopant compound may include one of Compounds FD1 to FD36, DPVBi, DPAVBi, or any combination thereof:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

The emission layer may include a delayed fluorescence dopant compound.

The delayed fluorescence dopant compound of the present disclosure may be selected from any suitable compound capable of emitting delayed fluorescence by a delayed fluorescence emission mechanism.

In an embodiment, a difference between a triplet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescence dopant compound and a singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescence dopant compound may be equal to or greater than <NUM> eV and equal to or less than <NUM> eV. When the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescence dopant compound and the singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescence dopant compound is satisfied with the range above, an up-conversion of energy from a triplet state to a singlet state among the delayed fluorescence dopant compound may be effectively (or suitably) performed, so that the organic light-emitting device <NUM> may have improved luminescence efficiency.

For example, the delayed fluorescence dopant compound may include i) a material including at least one electron donor (for example, a π electron-rich C<NUM>-C<NUM> (e.g. C<NUM>-C<NUM>) cyclic group such as a carbazole group, and/or the like) and at least one electron acceptor (for example, a sulfoxide group, a cyano group group, a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C<NUM>-C<NUM> (e.g. C<NUM>-C<NUM>) cyclic group, and/or the like), ii) a C<NUM>-C<NUM> (e.g. C<NUM>-C<NUM>) polycyclic group including two or more of cyclic groups that share boron (B) and are condensed with each other.

Examples of the delayed fluorescence dopant compound are at least one of Compounds DF1 to DF9:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

The delayed fluorescence dopant compound may not include a metallic atom. That is, the delayed fluorescence dopant compound may be clearly distinguished from the phosphorescent dopant compound including a metallic atom. The delayed fluorescence dopant compound may not include, for example, iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), or thulium (Tm), so that the delayed fluorescence dopant compound may be also clearly distinguished from the phosphorescent dopant compound.

In an embodiment, the emission layer may emit blue light having a maximum luminescence wavelength being equal to or greater than about <NUM> and equal to or less than about <NUM>.

The electron transport region may have: i) a single-layered structure including (e.g., consisting of) a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including (e.g., consisting of) a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure including a plurality of layers including different materials.

The electron transport region may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

For example, the electron transport region may have an electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, wherein for each structure, constituting layers are sequentially stacked on the emission layer, but the structure of the electron transport region is not limited thereto.

The electron transport region (for example, the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron control layer, and/or the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may include a metal-free compound including at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C<NUM>-C<NUM> (e.g. C<NUM>-C<NUM>) cyclic group.

For example, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by Formula <NUM>:.

Formula <NUM>     [Ar<NUM>]xe11-[(L<NUM>)xe1-R<NUM>]xe21,.

In an embodiment, when xe11 in Formula <NUM> is <NUM> or more, two or more of Ar<NUM>(s) may be linked to each other via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, Ar<NUM> in Formula <NUM> may be a substituted or unsubstituted anthracene group.

In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by Formula <NUM>-<NUM>:
<CHM>.

For example, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formula <NUM> and <NUM>-<NUM> may each independently be <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM>.

The electron transport region may include one of Compounds ET1 to ET45, <NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-diphenyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-phenanthroline (BCP), <NUM>,<NUM>-diphenyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq<NUM>, BAlq, TAZ, NTAZ, or any combination thereof:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

A thickness of the electron transport region may be in a range of about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å or about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, for example, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å or about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å. When electron transport region includes the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron control layer, the electron transport layer, or any combination thereof, a thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and/or the electron control layer may each independently be in a range of about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, for example, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å or about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å, and a thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, for example, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å or about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å. When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron control layer, the electron transport layer, and/or electron transport layer are satisfied within any of the ranges above, satisfactory (or suitable) electron transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport region (for example, the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containing material.

The metal-containing material may include an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, or any combination thereof. A metal ion of the alkali metal complex may be a Li ion, a Na ion, a K ion, a Rb ion, or a Cs ion, and a metal ion of the alkaline earth-metal complex may be a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a Sr ion, or a Ba ion. A ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex or the alkaline earth-metal complex may each independently be a hydroxy quinoline, a hydroxy isoquinoline, a hydroxy benzoquinoline, a hydroxy acridine, a hydroxy phenanthridine, a hydroxy phenyloxazole, a hydroxy phenylthiazole, a hydroxy diphenyloxadiazole, a hydroxy diphenylthiadiazole, a hydroxy phenylpyridine, a hydroxy phenylbenzimidazole, a hydroxy phenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, a cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

For example, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (LiQ) and/or Compound ET-D2:
<CHM>.

The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode <NUM>. The electron injection layer may directly contact the second electrode <NUM>.

The electron injection layer may have: i) a single-layered structure including (e.g., consisting of) a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including (e.g., consisting of) a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure including a plurality of layers including different materials.

The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal-containing compound, a rare earth metal-containing compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combinations thereof.

The alkali metal may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal may include Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any combination thereof. The rare earth metal may include Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, Gd, or any combination thereof.

The alkali metal-containing compound, the alkaline earth metal-containing compound, and the rare earth metal-containing compound may be oxides and/or halides (for example, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and/or iodides) of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal, a telluride, or any combination thereof.

The alkali metal-containing compound may be alkali metal oxides (such as Li<NUM>O, Cs<NUM>O, and/or K<NUM>O), alkali metal halides (such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, Lil, Nal, Csl, and/or KI), or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal-containing compound may include an alkaline earth metal compound, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, BaxSr<NUM>-xO (where x is a real number satisfying <NUM><x<<NUM>), BaxCa<NUM>-xO (where x is a real number satisfying <NUM><x<<NUM>), and/or the like. The rare earth metal-containing compound may include YbF<NUM>, ScF<NUM>, Sc<NUM>O<NUM>, Y<NUM>O<NUM>, Ce<NUM>O<NUM>, GdF<NUM>, TbF<NUM>, YbI<NUM>, ScI<NUM>, TbI<NUM>, or any combination thereof. The rare earth metal-containing compound may include a lanthanide metal telluride. Examples of the lanthanide metal telluride are LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, SmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, La<NUM>Te<NUM>, Ce<NUM>Te<NUM>, Pr<NUM>Te<NUM>, Nd<NUM>Te<NUM>, Pm<NUM>Te<NUM>, Sm<NUM>Te<NUM>, EU<NUM>Te<NUM>, Gd<NUM>Te<NUM>, Tb<NUM>Te<NUM>, Dy<NUM>Te<NUM>, Ho<NUM>Te<NUM>, Er<NUM>Te<NUM>, Tm<NUM>Te<NUM>, Yb<NUM>Te<NUM>, Lu<NUM>Te<NUM>, and the like.

The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex may each independently include i) an ion of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal, respectively, and ii), as a ligand linked to the metal ion, for example, a hydroxyquinoline, a hydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxybenzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, a hydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyloxazole, a hydroxyphenylthiazole, a hydroxydiphenyloxadiazole, a hydroxydiphenylthiadiazole, a hydroxyphenylpyridine, a hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, a cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

The electron injection layer may include (e.g., may consist of) an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal-containing compound, a rare earth metal-containing compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof, and/or may further include an organic material (for example, a compound represented by Formula <NUM>).

In an embodiment, the electron injection layer includes (e.g., consists of) i) an alkali metal-containing compound (for example, an alkali metal halide), or ii) a) an alkali metal-containing compound (for example, an alkali metal halide); and b) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, or any combination thereof. For example, the electron injection layer may be a KI:Yb co-deposited layer, a Rbl:Yb co-deposited layer, and/or the like.

When the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the rare earth metal, the alkali metal-containing compound, the alkaline earth metal-containing compound, the rare earth metal-containing compound, the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, the rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in a matrix including the organic material.

A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å, for example, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å or about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is satisfied within the range above, satisfactory (or suitable) electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The second electrode <NUM> is located on the organic layer <NUM> having the structure according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The second electrode <NUM> may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode, and as a material for forming the second electrode <NUM>, a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or any combination thereof, each having a low work function, may be used.

The second electrode <NUM> may include at least one selected from lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), aluminium-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium silver (Mg-Ag), ytterbium (Yb), silver-ytterbium (Ag-Yb), ITO, IZO, and any combinations thereof. The second electrode <NUM> may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

The second electrode <NUM> may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers.

In an embodiment, the organic light-emitting device <NUM> may include a capping layer located outside the first electrode <NUM> or outside the second electrode <NUM>.

For example, the organic light-emitting device <NUM> may further include at least one of a first capping layer located outside the first electrode <NUM> and a second capping layer located outside the second electrode <NUM>, wherein at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may include a compound represented by Formula <NUM>.

In an embodiment, the organic light-emitting device <NUM> may include:.

The first capping layer may be located outside the first electrode <NUM>, and/or the second capping layer may be located outside the second electrode <NUM>. In some embodiments, the organic light-emitting device <NUM> may have a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode <NUM>, the organic layer <NUM>, and the second electrode <NUM> are sequentially stacked in this stated order, a structure in which the first electrode <NUM>, the organic layer <NUM>, the second electrode <NUM>, and the second capping layer are sequentially stacked in this stated order, or a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode <NUM>, the organic layer <NUM>, the second electrode <NUM>, and the second capping layer are sequentially stacked in this stated order.

Light generated in the emission layer of the organic layer <NUM> of the organic light-emitting device <NUM> may be extracted toward the outside through the first electrode <NUM> and the first capping layer, each of which may be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode, and/or light generated in the emission layer of the organic layer <NUM> of the organic light-emitting device <NUM> may be extracted toward the outside through the second electrode <NUM> and the second capping layer, each of which may be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode.

The first capping layer and the second capping layer may increase external luminescence efficiency according to the principle of constructive interference. Accordingly, light extraction efficiency of the organic light-emitting device <NUM> may be increased, so that luminescence efficiency of the organic light-emitting device <NUM> may be also improved.

The first capping layer and the second capping layer may each include a material having a refractive index of equal to or greater than <NUM> (at <NUM>).

The first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently be an organic capping layer including an organic material, an inorganic capping layer including an inorganic material, or a composite capping layer including an organic material and an inorganic material.

At least one selected from the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently include a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amine group-containing compound, a porphyrine derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, or a combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and the amine group-containing compound may each independently be optionally substituted with a substituent containing O, N, S, Se, Si, F, CI, Br, I, or any combination thereof.

In an embodiment, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently include an amine group-containing compound.

In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently include a compound represented by Formula <NUM>, a compound represented by Formula <NUM>, or any combination thereof.

In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently include one of Compounds HT28 to HT33, one of Compounds CP1 to CP6, β-NPB, or any combination thereof:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

The organic light-emitting device may be included in various suitable electronic apparatuses. For example, an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device may be a light-emitting apparatus, an authentication apparatus, and/or the like.

The electronic apparatus (for example, a light-emitting apparatus) may further include, in addition to the organic light-emitting device, i) a color filter, ii) a color conversion layer, or iii) a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter and/or the color conversion layer may be located in at least one traveling direction of light emitted from the organic light-emitting device. For example, light emitted from the organic light-emitting device may be blue light and/or white light. The organic light-emitting device may be the same as described above. In an embodiment, the color conversion layer may include quantum dots. The quantum dots may be the same as described in the present specification.

The electronic apparatus may include a first substrate. The first substrate may include a plurality of subpixel areas, the color filter may include a plurality of color filter areas respectively corresponding to the plurality of subpixel areas, and the color conversion layer may include a plurality of color conversion areas respectively corresponding to the plurality of subpixel areas.

A pixel-defining film may be located between the plurality of subpixel areas to define each of the subpixel areas.

The color filter may further include light-blocking patterns located between the plurality of color filter areas, and the color conversion layer may further include light-blocking patterns located between the plurality of color conversion areas.

The plurality of color filter areas (and/or the plurality of color conversion areas) may include: a first area emitting (e.g., to emit) first color light; a second area emitting (e.g., to emit) second color light; and/or a third area emitting (e.g., to emit) third color light, and the first color light, the second color light, and/or the third color light may have different maximum luminescence wavelengths from one another. For example, the first color light may be red light, the second color light may be green light, and the third color light may be blue light. For example, the plurality of color filter areas (and/or, the plurality of color conversion areas) may include quantum dots. In some embodiments, the first area may include a red quantum dot, the second area may include a green quantum dot, and the third area may not include a quantum dot. The quantum dot may be the same as described in the present specification. Each of the first area, the second area, and/or the third areamay further include a scatterer.

For example, the organic light-emitting device may emit first light, the first area may absorb the first light to emit first first-color light, the second area may absorb the first light to emit second first-color light, and the third area may absorb the first light to emit third first-color light. In this regard, the first first-color light, the second first-color light, and the third first-color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths from one another. For example, the first light may be blue light, the first first-color light may be red light, the second first-color light may be green light, and the third first-color light may be blue light.

The electronic apparatus may further include a thin-film transistor, in addition to the organic light-emitting device as described above. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an activation layer, wherein any one of the source electrode and the drain electrode may be electrically connected to any one of the first electrode and the second electrode of the organic light-emitting device.

The thin-film transistor may further include a gate electrode, a gate insulation layer, and/or the like.

The activation layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, organic semiconductor, oxide semiconductor, and/or the like.

The electronic apparatus may further include a sealing portion for sealing the organic light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be arranged between the light-emitting device and the color filter and/or between the organic light-emitting device and the color conversion layer. The sealing portion allows light from the organic light-emitting device to be extracted to the outside, while simultaneously preventing or reducing external air and moisture from penetrating into the organic light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate including a transparent glass substrate and/or a plastic substrate. The sealing portion may be a thin-film encapsulation layer including one or more organic layers and/or one or more inorganic layers. When the sealing portion is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the electronic apparatus may be flexible.

Various suitable functional layers may be additionally provided, depending on the use of the electronic apparatus. Examples of the functional layers are a touch-screen layer, a polarization layer, and/or the like, without limitation. The touchscreen layer may be a resistive touchscreen layer, a capacitive touchscreen layer, and/or an infrared touchscreen layer. The authentication apparatus may be, for example, a biometric authentication apparatus for authenticating an individual by using biometric information of a biometric body (for example, a finger tip, a pupil, and/or the like).

The authentication apparatus may further include, in addition to the organic light-emitting device, a biometric information collector.

The electronic apparatus may be applied to various suitable displays, light sources, lighting apparatuses, personal computers (for example, a mobile personal computer), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic organizers, electronic dictionaries, electronic game machines, medical instruments (for example, electronic thermometers, sphygmomanometers, blood glucose meters, pulse measurement devices, pulse wave measurement devices, electrocardiogram (ECG) displays, ultrasonic diagnostic devices, or endoscope displays), fish finders, various measuring instruments, meters (for example, meters for a vehicle, an aircraft, and/or a vessel), projectors, and/or the like.

<FIG> is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The light-emitting apparatus of <FIG> includes a substrate <NUM>, a thin-film transistor (TFT), a light-emitting device, and an encapsulation portion <NUM> that seals the light-emitting device.

The substrate <NUM> may be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, and/or a metal substrate. A buffer layer <NUM> may be located on the substrate <NUM>. The buffer layer <NUM> may prevent or reduce penetration of impurities through the substrate <NUM>, and may serve to provide a flat (or suitably flat) surface on the substrate <NUM>.

A TFT may be located on the buffer layer <NUM>. The TFT may include an activation layer <NUM>, a gate electrode <NUM>, a source electrode <NUM>, and a drain electrode <NUM>.

The activation layer <NUM> may include an inorganic semiconductor (such as silicon and/or polysilicon), an organic semiconductor, and/or an oxide semiconductor, and may include a source region, a drain region and a channel region.

A gate insulating film <NUM> for insulating the activation layer <NUM> and the gate electrode <NUM> may be located on the activation layer <NUM>, and the gate electrode <NUM> may be located on the gate insulating film <NUM>.

An interlayer insulating film <NUM> may be located on the gate electrode <NUM>. The interlayer insulating film <NUM> may be located between the gate electrode <NUM> and the source electrode <NUM>, to insulate the gate electrode <NUM> from the source electrode <NUM>, and between the gate electrode <NUM> and the drain electrode <NUM>, to insulate the gate electrode <NUM> from the drain electrode <NUM>.

The source electrode <NUM> and the drain electrode <NUM> may be located on the interlayer insulating film <NUM>. The interlayer insulating film <NUM> and the gate insulating film <NUM> may be formed to expose a source region and a drain region of the activation layer <NUM>, and the source electrode <NUM> and the drain electrode <NUM> may be in contact with the exposed portions of the source region and the drain region of the activation layer <NUM>.

The TFT may be electrically connected to the organic light-emitting device to drive the organic light-emitting device, and may be covered by a passivation layer <NUM> for protection. The passivation layer <NUM> may include an inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film, or a combination thereof. An organic light-emitting device may be provided on the passivation layer <NUM>. The organic light-emitting device includes a first electrode <NUM>, an organic layer <NUM>, and a second electrode <NUM>.

The first electrode <NUM> may be located on the passivation layer <NUM>. The passivation layer <NUM> may expose a certain portion of the drain electrode <NUM>, without completely covering the drain electrode <NUM>, and the first electrode <NUM> may be connected to the exposed portion of the drain electrode <NUM>.

A pixel defining layer <NUM> including an insulating material may be located on the first electrode <NUM>. The pixel defining layer <NUM> may expose a certain region of the first electrode <NUM>, and an organic layer <NUM> may be formed in the exposed region of the first electrode <NUM>. The pixel defining layer <NUM> may be a polyimide and/or polyacryl-based organic film. In some embodiments, some or more layers of the organic layer <NUM> may be extended to an upper portion of the pixel defining layer <NUM> to be arranged in the form of a common layer.

The second electrode <NUM> may be arranged on the organic layer <NUM>, and a capping layer <NUM> may be additionally formed on the second electrode <NUM>. The capping layer <NUM> may be formed to cover the second electrode <NUM>.

An encapsulation portion <NUM> may be located on the capping layer <NUM>. The encapsulation portion <NUM> may be located on the organic light-emitting device to protect the organic light-emitting device from moisture and/or oxygen. The encapsulation portion <NUM> may include an inorganic film (such as silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or any combination thereof), an organic film (such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, an acryl-based resin (for example, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, and/or the like), an epoxy-based resion (for example, aliphatic glycidyl ether (AGE) and/or the like), or a combination thereof), or a combination of an inorganic film and an organic film.

<FIG> is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

The light-emitting apparatus of <FIG> is the same as the light-emitting apparatus of <FIG>, except that a light-blocking pattern <NUM> and a functional area <NUM> are additionally arranged on the encapsulation portion <NUM> in the light-emitting apparatus of <FIG>. The functional area <NUM> may be i) a color filter area, ii) a color conversion area, or iii) a combination of a color filter area and a color conversion area. In an embodiment, the organic light-emitting device included in the light-emitting apparatus may be a tandem organic light-emitting device.

In the present specification, quantum dots refer to crystals of a semiconductor compound, and may include any material capable of emitting luminescence wavelength of different lengths according to the size of the crystals. Therefore, a material for quantum dots is not limited. A diameter of the quantum dot is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, in a range of about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

Quantum dots arranged in the emission layer including the quantum dots may be synthesized by a wet chemical process, a metal organic chemical vapor deposition process, a molecular beam epitaxy process, or any process similar thereto.

According to the wet chemical process, a precursor material may be added to an organic solvent to grow a quantum dot particle crystal. When the crystal grows, the organic solvent acts as a dispersant naturally coordinated on the surface of the quantum dot crystal, and controls the growth of the crystal. Accordingly, through a process that is easily (or sutably) performed at low costs compared to a vapor deposition process, such as a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process and/or a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) process, the growth of quantum dot particles may be suitably controlled. In an embodiment, the quantum dot may be a Groups III-VI semiconductor compound; a Groups II-VI semiconductor compound; a Groups III-V semiconductor compound; a Groups IV-VI semiconductor compound; a Group IV element or compound; or any combination thereof.

For example, the Groups III-VI semiconductor compound may include a binary compound, such as In<NUM>S<NUM>; a ternary compound, such as AgInS, AgInS<NUM>, CulnS, and/or CuInS<NUM>; or any combination thereof.

For example, the Groups II-VI semiconductor compound may include a binary compound, such as CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, and/or MgS; a ternary compound, such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, and/or MgZnS; a quaternary compound, such as CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, and/or HgZnSTe; or any combination thereof.

For example, the Groups III-V semiconductor compound may include a binary compound, such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, and/or InSb; a ternary compound, such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AINP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, and/or InPSb; a quaternary compound, such as GaAlNP, GaAINAs, GaAINSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GalnNP, GalnNAs, GaInNSb, GalnPAs, GalnPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, and/or InAlPSb; or any combination thereof.

For example, the Groups IV-VI semiconductor compound may include a binary compound, such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, and/or PbTe; a ternary compound, such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, and/or SnPbTe; a quaternary compound, such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, and/or SnPbSTe; or any combination thereof.

For example, the Group IV element or compound may include a single element compound, such as Si and/or Ge; a binary compound, such as SiC and/or SiGe; or any combination thereof.

In this regard, respective elements included in the binary compound, the ternary compound, or the quaternary compound may exist in particles at uniform concentration or may exist in the same particle in a state in which a concentration distribution is partially different.

Meanwhile, the quantum dot may have a single structure having a uniform concentration of each element included in the corresponding quantum dot or a dual structure of a core-shell. For example, the material included in the core may be different from the material included in the shell.

The shell of the quantum dot may function as a protective layer for maintaining semiconductor characteristics by preventing or reducing chemical degeneration of the core, and/or may function as a charging layer for imparting electrophoretic characteristics to the quantum dot. The shell may be a single layer or a multilayer. An interface between the core and the shell may have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of elements existing in the shell decreases toward the center.

Examples of the shell of the quantum dot are a metal oxide, a non-metal oxide, a semiconductor compound, or any combination thereof. For example, the metal oxide or the non-metal oxide may include a binary compound, such as SiO<NUM>, Al<NUM>O<NUM>, TiO<NUM>, ZnO, MnO, Mn<NUM>O<NUM>, Mn<NUM>O<NUM>, CuO, FeO, Fe<NUM>O<NUM>, Fe<NUM>O<NUM>, CoO, Co<NUM>O<NUM>, and/or NiO; and/or a ternary compound, such as MgAl<NUM>O<NUM>, CoFe<NUM>O<NUM>, NiFe<NUM>O<NUM>, and/or CoMn<NUM>O<NUM>, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the semiconductor compound may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, and/or the like, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

A full width of half maximum (FWHM) of an emission wavelength spectrum of the quantum dot may be about <NUM> or less, for example, about <NUM> or less, for example, about <NUM> or less. When the FWHM of the emission wavelength spectrum of the quantum dot is within this range, color purity and/or color reproduction may be improved. In addition, light emitted through such quantum dot is irradiated omnidirectionally. Accordingly, a wide viewing angle may be increased.

The quantum dots may be, for example, spherical, pyramidal, multi-arm, and/or cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, and/or nanoplate particles, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

By adjusting the size of the quantum dots, the energy band gap may also be adjusted, thereby obtaining light of various wavelengths in the emission layer including the quantum dots. Therefore, by using quantum dots of different sizes, an organic light-emitting device that emits light of various wavelengths may be implemented. In an embodiment, the size of the quantum dots may be selected to emit red, green and/or blue light. In addition, the size of the quantum dots may be configured by combining light of various colors, so as to emit white light.

Layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and layers constituting the electron transport region may each independently be formed in a certain region by using one or more suitable methods selected from vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging.

When layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and/or layers constituting the electron transport region are formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition may be performed at a deposition temperature of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, a vacuum degree of about <NUM>-<NUM> torr to about <NUM>-<NUM> torr, and a deposition speed of about <NUM>Å/sec to about <NUM>Å/sec by taking into account a material to be included in a layer to be formed and the structure of a layer to be formed.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group" as used herein refers to a cyclic group consisting of carbon atoms only as ring-forming atoms and having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, and the term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group" as used herein refers to a cyclic group further including a heteroatom as a ring-forming atom, other than carbon atoms, and having <NUM> to <NUM> ring-forming carbon atoms. The C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group and the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group may each be a monocyclic group consisting of one ring or a polycyclic group having two or more rings condensed with each other. For example, the total number of the ring-forming atoms of the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group may be <NUM> to <NUM>.

The term "cyclic group" as used herein includes both the C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group and the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group.

The term "π electron-rich C<NUM>-C<NUM> cyclic group" as used herein refers to a cyclic group not including *-N=*' as a ring-forming moiety, but including <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, and the term "π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C<NUM>-C<NUM> cyclic group" as used herein refers to a heterocyclic group including *-N=*' as a ring-forming moiety and having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms.

For example,
the C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group may be i) a T1 group or ii) a condensed cyclic group in which two or more T1 groups are condensed with each other. Non-limiting examples of the C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group include a cyclopentadiene group, an adamantane group, a norbornane group, a benzene group, a pentalene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, a heptalene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, an indene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, an indenophenanthrene group, and an indenoanthracene group.

For example, the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group may be i) a T2 group, ii) a condensed cyclic group in which two or more T2 groups are condensed with each other, or iii) a condensed cyclic group in which at least one T2 group and at least one T1 group are condensed with each other. Non-limiting examples of the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group include a pyrrole group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an indole group, a benzoindole group, a naphthoindole group, an isoindole group, a benzoisoindole group, a naphthoisoindole group, a benzosilole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a benzosilolocarbazole group, a benzoindolocarbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a benzonaphthothiophene group, a benzonaphthosilole group, a benzofurodibenzofuran group, a benzofurodibenzothiophene group, a benzothienodibenzothiophene group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzisoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoisothiazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a benzoquinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a cinnoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an imidazotriazine group, an imidazopyrazine group, an imidazopyridazine group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, and the like.

For example, the π electron-rich C<NUM>-C<NUM> cyclic group may be i) a T1 group, ii) a condensed cyclic group in which two or more T1 groups are condensed with each other, iii) a T3 group, iv) a condensed cyclic group in which two or more T3 groups are condensed with each other, or v) a condensed cyclic group in which at least one T3 group and at least one T1 group are condensed with each other. Non-limiting examples of the π electron-rich C<NUM>-C<NUM> cyclic group include the C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group, a pyrrole group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an indole group, a benzoindole group, a naphthoindole group, an isoindole group, a benzoisoindole group, a naphthoisoindole group, a benzosilole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a benzosilolocarbazole group, a benzoindolocarbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a benzonaphthothiophene group, a benzonaphthosilole group, a benzofurodibenzofuran group, a benzofurodibenzothiophene group, a benzothienodibenzothiophene group, and the like.

For example, the π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C<NUM>-C<NUM> cyclic group may be i) a T4 group, ii) a condensed cyclic group in which two or more T4 groups are condensed with each other, iii) a condensed cyclic group in which at least T4 group and at least one T1 group are condensed with each other, iv) a condensed cyclic group in which at least one T4 group and at least one T3 group are condensed with each other, or v) a condensed cyclic group in which at least one T4 group, at least one T1 group, and at least one T3 group are condensed with each other. Non-limiting examples of the π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C<NUM>-C<NUM> cyclic group include a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzoisoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzisothiazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a benzoquinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a cinnoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an imidazotriazine group, an imidazopyrazine group, an imidazopyridazine group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, and the like.

The T1 group may be a cyclopropane group, a cyclobutane group, a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, a cycloheptane group, a cyclooctane group, a cyclobetene group, a cyclopentene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a cyclohexene group, a cyclohexadiene group, a cycloheptene group, an adamantane group, a norbornane group (or, a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]heptane group), a norbornene group, a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]pentane group, a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]hexane group, a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane group, or a benzene group.

The T2 group may be a furan group, a thiophene group, a <NUM>-pyrrole group, a silole group, a group, a <NUM>-pyrrole group, a <NUM>-pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an azasilole group, an azaborole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, or a tetrazine group.

The T3 group may be a furan group, a thiophene group, a <NUM>-pyrrole group, a silole group, or a borole group.

The T4 group may be a <NUM>-pyrrole group, a <NUM>-pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an azasilole group, an azaborole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, or a tetrazine group.

The terms "cyclic group", "C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group", "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group", "π electron-rich C<NUM>-C<NUM> cyclic group" and "π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C<NUM>-C<NUM> cyclic group" as used herein each independently refer to, depending on the structure of the formula for the terms as used herein, a group condensed to any cyclic group, or a monovalent or multivalent group (for example, a divalent group, a trivalent group, a tetravalent group, and/or the like). For example, the "benzene group" may be a benzo group, a phenyl group, a phenylene group, and/or the like, which will be easily understood by those skilled in the art according to the structure of the formula including the "benzene group".

Examples of a monovalent C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group and a monovalent C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group are a C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkenyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkenyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group group; and examples of a divalent C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group and a divalent C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group are a C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkylene group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkylene group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkenylene group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkenylene group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> arylene group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroarylene group, a divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group" as used herein refers to a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof are a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a <NUM>-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, and a tert-decyl group. The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group. Corresponding definitions apply to other ranges given for the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl/alkylene group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkenyl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle and/or at either terminus of a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, and non-limiting examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkenylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkenyl group. Corresponding definitions apply to other ranges given for the number of carbon atoms in an alkenyl/alkenylene group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkynyl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle and/or at either terminus of a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, and non-limiting examples thereof include an ethynyl group, and a propynyl group. The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkynylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkynyl group. Corresponding definitions apply to other ranges given for the number of carbon atoms in an alkynyl/alkynylene group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkoxy group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by -OA<NUM> (wherein A<NUM> is the C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group. Corresponding definitions apply to other ranges given for the number of carbon atoms in an alkoxy group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon cyclic group having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof are a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, (or a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]heptyl group), a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]pentyl group, a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]hexyl group, and a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octyl group. The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent cyclic group further including at least one heteroatom, other than carbon atoms, as a ring-forming atom and having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof are a <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-oxatriazolidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkenyl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkenylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkenyl group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkenyl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent cyclic group further including at least one heteroatom, other than carbon atoms, as a ring-forming atom, having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, and including at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring. Non-limiting examples of the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkenyl group include a <NUM>,<NUM>-dihydro-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-oxatriazolyl group, a <NUM>,<NUM>-dihydrofuranyl group, a <NUM>,<NUM>-dihydrothiophenyl group, and the like. The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkenylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkenyl group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group are a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a heptalenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, and the like. The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> arylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group. When the C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group and the C<NUM>-C<NUM> arylene group each independently include two or more rings, the respective two or more rings may be condensed to each other. Corresponding definitions apply to other ranges given for the number of carbon atoms in an aryl/arylene group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group having an aromatic system that further includes at least one heteroatom, other than carbon atoms, as a ring-forming atom and has <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group are a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, or the like. The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroarylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group. When the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group and the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroarylene group each independently include two or more rings, the respective two or more rings may be condensed with each other. Corresponding definitions apply to other ranges given for the number of carbon atoms in an heteroaryl/heteroarylene group.

The term "monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings condensed with each other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms (for example, having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms), and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure (e.g., the molecular structure as a whole is non-aromatic). Non-limiting examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group are an indenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, an indenophenanthrenyl group, and an indenoanthracenyl group. The term "divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

The term "monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings condensed with each other, further including at least one heteroatom, other than carbon atoms (for example, having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms), as a ring-forming atom, and having non-aromaticity in its entire molecular structure (e.g., the molecular structure as a whole is non-aromatic). Non-limiting examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group are a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an indolyl group, a benzoindolyl group, a naphthoindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzoisoindolyl group, a naphthoisoindolyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azafluorenyl group, an azadibenzosilolyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, a benzopyrazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzoxadiazolyl group, a benzothiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an imidazotriazinyl group, an imidazopyrazinyl group, an imidazopyridazinyl group, an indenocarbazolyl group, an indolocarbazolyl group, a benzofurocarbazolyl group, a benzothienocarbazolyl group, a benzosilolocarbazolyl group, a benzoindolocarbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a benzonaphthofuranyl group, a benzonaphthothiophenyl group, a benzonaphthosilolyl group, a benzofurodibenzofuranyl group, a benzofurodibenzothiophenyl group, a benzothienodibenzothiophenyl group, and the like. The term "divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryloxy group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by -OA<NUM> (wherein A<NUM> is the C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group), and the term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> arylthio group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by -SA<NUM> (wherein A<NUM> is the C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group). Corresponding definitions apply to other ranges given for the number of carbon atoms in an aryloxy group and an arylthio group.

In the present specification, Q<NUM> to Q<NUM>, Q<NUM> to Q<NUM>, Q<NUM> to Q<NUM>, and Q<NUM> to Q<NUM> may each independently be: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C<NUM>-C<NUM> (e.g. C<NUM>-C<NUM>) alkyl group; a C<NUM>-C<NUM> (e.g. C<NUM>-C<NUM>) alkenyl group; a C<NUM>-C<NUM> (e.g. C<NUM>-C<NUM>) alkynyl group; a C<NUM>-C<NUM> (e.g. C<NUM>-C<NUM>) alkoxy group; or a C<NUM>-C<NUM> (e.g. C<NUM>-C<NUM>) carbocyclic group or a C<NUM>-C<NUM> (e.g. C<NUM>-C<NUM>) heterocyclic group, each independently unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, a cyano group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> (e.g. C<NUM>-C<NUM>) alkyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> (e.g. C<NUM>-C<NUM>) alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof.

The term "heteroatom" as used herein refers to any atom except a carbon atom. Examples of the heteroatom are O, S, N, P, Si, B, Ge, Se, or any combination thereof.

The term "Ph" as used herein refers to a phenyl group, the term "Me" as used herein refers to a methyl group, the term "Et" as used herein refers to an ethyl group, the term "ter-Bu" or "But" as used herein refers to a tert-butyl group, and the term "OMe" as used herein refers to a methoxy group.

The term "biphenyl group" as used herein refers to "a phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group. " For example, the "biphenyl group" may be a substituted phenyl group having a C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group as a substituent.

The term "terphenyl group" as used herein refers to "a phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group. " For example, the "terphenyl group" may be a substituted phenyl group having, as a substituent, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group substituted with a C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group. * and *' as used herein, unless defined otherwise, each refer to a binding site to a neighboring atom in a corresponding formula.

Hereinafter, an organic light-emitting device according to embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.

An ITO glass substrate was cut to a size of <NUM> x <NUM> x <NUM>, sonicated with isopropyl alcohol and pure water each for <NUM> minutes, and then cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet rays and ozone for <NUM> minutes. Then, the ITO glass substrate was provided to a vacuum deposition apparatus.

First, a suitable material NPB for hole injection was vacuum-deposited on the ITO glass substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of <NUM>Å, and a hole transport material mCP was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of <NUM>Å.

On the hole transport layer, Compound A-<NUM>, co-hosts of Host <NUM> and Host <NUM> that form an exciplex, and dopant PHD were co-deposited (wherein a weight ratio of A-<NUM>:Host <NUM>:Host <NUM>:PHD was <NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>:<NUM>) to form an emission layer having a thickness of <NUM>Å.

ETL1 and Liq (at a weight ratio of <NUM>:<NUM>) were deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of <NUM>Å, and Al was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an Al electrode (i.e., a cathode electrode) having a thickness of <NUM>,<NUM>Å. HT28 was deposited on the Al electrode to form a capping layer having a thickness of <NUM>Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device. <CHM>
<CHM>.

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Example <NUM>, except that, in forming respective emission layers, compounds shown in Table <NUM> were used.

Regarding the first host compound, the second host compound, and the third host compound used in each of the organic light-emitting devices of Examples <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, <NUM>, reference Examples <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, and Comparative Examples <NUM> to <NUM>, HOMO energy levels were measured by cyclovoltametry (CV), and LUMO energy levels were measured through a UV-measured band gap. Here, S1 is measured from a photoluminescent spectrum, and T1 is measured from a low-temperature photoluminescent spectrum. Results measured therefrom are recorded as shown in Table <NUM>. HT1, which is a hole transport compound, had a HOMO energy level of <NUM> eV.

The efficiency and lifespan of each of the organic light-emitting devices of Examples <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, <NUM>, reference Examples <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, and Comparative Examples <NUM> to <NUM> were measured using a Keithley SMU <NUM> and a luminance meter PR650, and results thereof are shown in Table <NUM>.

Referring to Tables <NUM> and <NUM>, it was confirmed that the organic light-emitting devices according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure had low driving voltage and excellent characteristics in terms of luminescence efficiency, external quantum efficiency, and lifespan. In particular, it was confirmed that the organic light-emitting devices of Examples <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, <NUM> had excellent luminescence efficiency and/or excellent lifespan characteristics compared to those of the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples <NUM> to <NUM>. In addition, it was confirmed that the organic light-emitting devices of Examples <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, <NUM> were suitable for emitting blue light, unlike the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples <NUM> and <NUM>.

According to the one or more embodiments, an organic light-emitting device may have low driving voltage, high efficiency, and long lifespan.

In addition, the terms "substantially," "about," and similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent deviations in measured or calculated values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Claim 1:
An organic light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode (<NUM>);
a second electrode (<NUM>) facing the first electrode; and
an organic layer (<NUM>) between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising an emissior layer,
wherein:
the emission layer comprises a host and a dopant,
the host comprises a first host compound, a second host compound, and a third host compound, and
the first host compound satisfies Conditions <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM>-<NUM>: <MAT> <MAT> and
wherein, in Conditions <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM>-<NUM>,
S1(H1) indicates a lowest excitation singlet energy level of the first host compound, and
T1(H1) indicates a lowest excitation triplet energy level of the first host compound, and characterized in that
the first host compound is selected from Compounds A-<NUM> to A-<NUM> and A-<NUM> to A-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>