Patent Description:
This document relates, generally, to a trackpad with capacitive force sensing.

Some devices use a trackpad or touchpad to register input from a user to the system. Input can be registered as position information to guide the user in pointing to objects or locations on an accompanying screen. Input can be registered as a force or displacement, to allow the user to click on a displayed object. Some existing trackpads are designed with a hinged surface that pivots along one of its edges, to allow the user to input taps or clicks. Such actuation can therefore be constrained to pressing primarily on a particular section of the pad. Some trackpads can provide tactile feedback, sometimes referred to as haptic feedback. <CIT> describes techniques related to a touchpad with capacitive force sensing. The described techniques may determine the point or region of a user-engagement surface contacted by a user. In addition, the described techniques may also determine a force of the user's finger press on the user-engagement surface using one or more capacitance force-sensors. The described techniques use springs to allow movement between two surfaces, the first surface comprising a circuit board of the touchpad and a first capacitance-sensing electrode, and the second surface comprising a second capacitance sensing electrode. Furthermore. the described techniques may offer active tactile feedback (i.e., haptics) to the user's finger touching the user-engagement surface. <CIT> describes electronic devices which use touch pads that have touch sensor arrays, force sensors, and actuators for providing tactile feedback. A touch pad is mounted in a computer housing. The touch pad has a rectangular planar touch pad member that has a glass layer covered with ink and contains a capacitive touch sensor array. Force sensors are mounted under each of the four corners of the rectangular planar touch pad member. The force sensors are used to measure how much force is applied to the surface of the planar touch pad member by a user. Processed force sensor signals indicate the presence of button activity such as press and release events. In response to detected button activity or other activity in the device, actuator drive signals are generated for controlling the actuator. <CIT> describes a trackpad which includes an interface module positioned below a cover layer. The interface module can include a support structure and a circuit board attached to the support structure. The support structure includes suspension elements that allow the cover layer to move vertically and/or horizontally. The circuit board can include one or more force sensors, touch sensors, and/or haptic output devices. The one or more touch sensors are included in a separate touch-sensitive layer positioned between the cover layer and the interface module. Alternatively, an interface module can include a suspension element positioned below a circuit board.

The invention is best understood in light of the embodiment described in the context of <FIG>, which illustrates the combination of features as claimed. The dependent claims define preferred embodiments.

In a first aspect, a trackpad includes: a substrate; a circuit board coupled to the substrate for detecting a position of an object adjacent the substrate, the circuit board including a first plate; a second plate including a spring element, wherein a spacer couples the circuit board and the spring element to each other, the spring element facilitating first movement of the substrate and the circuit board relative to the second plate; and a capacitive force sensor that detects a capacitance of the first plate and the second plate.

Implementations can include any or all of the following features. The spring element comprises a finger element in the second plate. The second plate is integral with a housing accommodating the trackpad. The spring element is formed by a cutout in the housing that defines a finger element. The first plate includes a pad on a surface of the circuit board that faces the second plate. The capacitive force sensor is to detect a change in the capacitance and provide a force signal based on the detected change in capacitance. The trackpad further includes a dielectric between the first plate and the second plate. The dielectric is sized to facilitate the first movement of the substrate and the circuit board relative to the second plate without damage to the circuit board. The spacer includes a stiffener plate for the circuit board and the substrate. The trackpad further includes a dielectric attached to the stiffener plate. The stiffener plate is attached to the circuit board, and the spacer further includes a foam disc between the stiffener plate and the spring element. The foam disc comprises a silicone foam disc. The trackpad further includes a haptic feedback component coupled to at least the substrate. The haptic feedback component is coupled to the substrate by being mounted to the circuit board. The haptic feedback component comprises a layer abutting the substrate. The haptic feedback component is divided between the circuit board and the second plate. A coil of the haptic feedback component is mounted to one of the circuit board and the second plate, and a magnet of the haptic feedback component is mounted to another of the circuit board and the second plate, the haptic feedback component providing haptic feedback through the substrate using the coil and the magnet. The trackpad includes multiple haptic feedback components coupled to the substrate to provide localized haptic feedback. The haptic feedback component and the capacitive force sensor are decoupled from each other. Decoupling is provided by the spring element facilitating the first movement of the substrate and the circuit board relative to the second plate in a first direction, and by a foam disc between the circuit board and the second plate facilitating second movement of the substrate and the circuit board in a second direction essentially perpendicular to the first direction.

In a second aspect, a method includes: detecting a position of an object adjacent a substrate of a trackpad, the position detected using a circuit board coupled to the substrate, the circuit board including a first plate; performing a first operation based on detecting the position; detecting a force applied to the substrate using a capacitive force sensor that detects a capacitance of the first plate and a second plate of the trackpad, the second plate including a spring element that facilitates movement of the substrate and the circuit board relative to the second plate; and performing a second operation based on detecting the force.

This document describes examples of input devices, such as trackpads or touchpads, that have improved architectures for performing position detection, force detection and/or providing haptic feedback to the user. In some implementations, force detection (e.g., to recognize that a user "clicks" using a finger or stylus) can be performed based on a capacitive detection between a plate and a part of a circuit board used in the position detection. In some implementations, a decoupling can be provided between a component that provides capacitive force sensing and a component that provides haptic feedback.

A trackpad or touchpad are mentioned herein as examples and can be considered synonymous. Either or both of these can feature a surface formed by a substrate (e.g., glass, metal and/or a synthetic material such as a polymer) intended to be touched by the user in order to make one or more inputs into a system. For example, the user can place one or more fingers and/or one or more other objects (e.g., a stylus) on the surface of the substrate to generate such input(s). In some implementations, more complex inputs can be recognized, including, but not limited to, gestures, sequences and/or patterns.

Position detection can be performed using any suitable technology. In some implementations, capacitive sensing is used. For example, the presence of a fingertip and/or a capacitive stylus at or near the surface of the substrate can change the electrical capacitance of that portion of the substrate, and therefore be registered as an input. As such, while examples herein mention the user touching a substrate in order to make input, it may be sufficient to place an object sufficiently close to, without actually touching, the substrate. In some implementations, resistive sensing is used. For example, the presence of an object can alter the resistance of electrodes in or on the substrate, thereby facilitating recognition of the input.

An input device such as a trackpad can be used solely to allow the user to make input, or it can simultaneously or at other times perform one or more other functions as well. In some implementations, the trackpad can provide haptic feedback to the user. For example, this can be done by displacing the substrate (e.g., in a vibration-like fashion) in a way that can be tactilely perceived by the user. In some implementations, the trackpad can also feature a display mechanism configured to output visual information to the user, in analogy to how a touchscreen operates. For example, and without limitation, trackpad technology described herein can be implemented as part of a touchscreen such that a display can present information to the user and the trackpad (which can occupy the same area as the display) can register user inputs (e.g., taps, selections and/or dragging of objects).

<FIG> shows an exploded view of an example of a trackpad architecture <NUM> having a stiffener plate <NUM> and a target plate <NUM>. The exploded view illustrates exemplary components somewhat separated from each other for purposes of clarity, with such components being assembled into a functioning assembly in an operative implementation. The trackpad architecture <NUM> can be used in any or all examples described herein. For example, the trackpad architecture <NUM> can be implemented in one or more devices exemplified below with reference to <FIG>. For example, and without limitation, a mobile device, a smartphone, a tablet, a laptop, a personal computer, an appliance, a television, a vehicle, and/or another user electronic device can have the trackpad architecture <NUM>.

The trackpad architecture <NUM> includes a substrate <NUM> with a surface <NUM>' that can be intended to be facing toward a user. For example, the surface <NUM>' can be accessible to the user, such as by way of the user's finger(s) and/or a stylus or other object. In some implementations, the substrate <NUM> can include glass. For example, soda lime glass can be used. The substrate <NUM> be treated in one or more ways. For example, the surface <NUM>' can be sandblasted. The substrate <NUM> can be transparent, partially transparent, partially opaque, or opaque. In some implementations, the surface opposite the surface <NUM>' can be treated in one or more ways. For example, a material (e.g., ink and/or epoxy) can be applied (e.g., by a printing process, such as by silkscreen printing).

The trackpad architecture <NUM> can include an adhesive layer <NUM> that contacts the substrate <NUM>. For example, the adhesive layer <NUM> can be applied to some or all of the surface that is opposite the surface <NUM>' of the substrate <NUM>. Any suitable type of adhesive can be used. For example, the adhesive layer <NUM> can include a pressure-sensitive adhesive.

The trackpad architecture <NUM> can include a circuit board <NUM> for detecting a position of an object adjacent the substrate <NUM>. In some implementations, the circuit board <NUM> includes electrical or electronic components, and connections between them, for sensing the contact or the proximate presence of an object such as the user's finger(s) and/or a stylus, and to generate a corresponding position signal. Such a position signal can be used for one or more purposes by a system. The position signal can cause one or more actions to be performed, and/or one or more actions to be inhibited, in the system. For example, and without limitation, the position signal can select an object, move an object, generate a sound, and/or switch a device into a different state (e.g., on or off). In some implementations, the circuit board <NUM> can include a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA).

The trackpad architecture <NUM> can include a haptic feedback component <NUM> configured to provide haptic feedback (e.g., a perceptible tactile sensation) to the user via the substrate <NUM>. In some implementations, the haptic feedback component <NUM> is coupled to the circuit board <NUM>. For example, the haptic feedback component <NUM> can be mounted to the circuit board <NUM> on the surface opposite the surface <NUM>'. In some implementations, the haptic feedback component <NUM> can include an electromagnetic actuator. For example, a linear resonant actuator can be used.

The trackpad architecture <NUM> can include one or more plates mounted to the circuit board for use in capacitive force sensing. In some implementations, the circuit board <NUM> can include one or more (e.g., four) pads <NUM> capable of exhibiting capacitance. For example, the pad(s) <NUM> can be mounted to a surface of the circuit board <NUM> that faces the stiffener plate <NUM> and/or the target plate <NUM>.

The stiffener plate <NUM> can serve to provide structural integrity to the circuit board <NUM> and/or to the substrate <NUM>. For example, the stiffness can counteract any force that is applied as part of a user touching or pressing on the substrate <NUM>. As such, in an implementation that includes the stiffener plate <NUM>, the circuit board <NUM> and/or the substrate <NUM> need not be made as stiff as they otherwise might have been.

The target plate <NUM> can serve as another electrode in capacitive sensing that involves the pad(s) <NUM>. In some implementations, the capacitance of the pad(s) <NUM> and the target plate <NUM>, and/or a change in such capacitance, can be detected or determined. For example, a change in capacitance caused by dislocation of the pad(s) <NUM> as the user presses on the substrate <NUM>, can be interpreted as a force on the trackpad and accordingly trigger a force signal in the system. As such, the trackpad architecture <NUM> can include a capacitive force sensor that can detect inputs such as the user clicking, or pressing, on the substrate <NUM>.

The target plate <NUM> can be made of metal. In some implementations, the target plate <NUM> includes steel. For example, stainless steel can be used. The target plate <NUM> can be stamped from material stock (e.g., a sheet of metal). The target plate <NUM> can be attached to another component (not shown). In some implementations, screws <NUM> or other fasteners can be used. For example, the screws <NUM> can secure the target plate <NUM> to a housing of an electronic device (e.g., a laptop or other computer device). The target plate <NUM> can have one or more areas <NUM> that essentially align with the pad(s) <NUM> in assembly. For example, the area <NUM> can have approximately the same shape as the pad <NUM> (e.g., circular).

The target plate <NUM> can include one or more spring elements <NUM> that will allow dislocation of some components of the trackpad architecture <NUM> relative to others. The spring element <NUM> can include a portion of the target plate <NUM> having a shape (e.g., a longitudinal shape attached only at one end or at one side) that allows in to flex when force is applied. For example, the spring element <NUM> can include a spring finger having approximately a u-shape which is attached at its top and is able to flex toward its bottom.

The trackpad architecture <NUM> can include one or more discs <NUM> positioned between the target plate <NUM> and another component of the trackpad architecture <NUM>. Here, the disc(s) <NUM> can be positioned between the stiffener plate <NUM> and the target plate <NUM>. The stiffener plate <NUM>, in turn, can be attached to the circuit board <NUM> using an adhesive <NUM>. For example, a pressure-sensitive adhesive can be used. As such, the stiffener plate <NUM> can abut the disc(s) <NUM>, and the disc(s) <NUM> can abut the target plate <NUM>. If force is applied to the substrate <NUM> in a direction toward the stiffener plate <NUM>, the substrate <NUM>, the circuit board <NUM>, the stiffener plate <NUM> and the disc(s) <NUM> can be dislocated toward the target plate <NUM>. This dislocation can be facilitated by the flexing of the spring elements <NUM>. For example, a recess behind the spring element <NUM> in the housing of the device can allow such flexing.

The disc <NUM> can facilitate movement of the circuit board <NUM> and the substrate <NUM> caused by the haptic feedback component <NUM>. The disc <NUM> can include a material that allows the disc <NUM> to flex or shear in a direction that allows such movement. In some implementations, the disc <NUM> can include a foam material. For example, a silicone foam material can be used.

The stiffener plate <NUM> can be made of metal. In some implementations, the stiffener plate <NUM> includes steel. For example, stainless steel can be used. The target plate <NUM> can be stamped from material stock (e.g., a sheet of metal). The stiffener plate <NUM> can have one or more openings. In some implementations, an opening <NUM> can be provided in the stiffener plate. For example, the opening <NUM> can accommodate the haptic feedback component <NUM> (e.g., as mounted to the circuit board <NUM>).

It was exemplified above that the trackpad architecture <NUM> can feature capacitive force sensing. In some implementations, an absolute (as opposed to relative) capacitance between the pad <NUM> and the target plate <NUM> can be detected or determined. For example, the change in absolute capacitance can be detected.

One or more dielectrics can be provided. In some implementations, a dielectric <NUM> can be provided between the pad <NUM> and the target plate <NUM>. The dielectric <NUM> can include a polymer material, including, but not limited to, a polyethylene terephtalate material. For example, the dielectric <NUM> can include a MYLAR film. The dielectric <NUM> can have any suitable shape, thickness, size, aspect ratio and/or configuration. Here, the dielectric <NUM> has an opening <NUM> and respective portions <NUM>. In some implementations, the portion <NUM> can be configured correspondingly to the disc <NUM>. For example, the portion <NUM> can have a rounded shape when the disc <NUM> is round or has a rounded shape. In some implementations, the dielectric <NUM> can be mounted to another component in the trackpad architecture <NUM>. Here, the dielectric <NUM> is to be mounted to the stiffener plate <NUM>. For example, an adhesive <NUM> can be used, including, but not limited to, a pressure-sensitive adhesive.

The dielectric <NUM> can serve to limit the displacement of particularly the circuit board <NUM>. For example, components or circuitry on the circuit board <NUM> could be damaged if the circuit board were brought into contact with the target plate <NUM> as a result of the displacement. As such, the dielectric <NUM> can allow the circuit board <NUM> to undergo a certain displacement, and then the stiffener plate <NUM> (or another component being displaced) can bottom out against the dielectric <NUM> to prevent that the circuit board <NUM> comes into contact with the target plate <NUM>. As such, the dielectric <NUM> is an example of a material that can be sized to facilitate a movement of the substrate <NUM> and the circuit board <NUM> relative to the target plate <NUM> without damage to the circuit board <NUM>.

As such, the trackpad architecture <NUM> is an example of an architecture for a trackpad that includes a substrate (e.g., the substrate <NUM>) and a circuit board (e.g., the circuit board <NUM>) coupled to the substrate for detecting a position of an object adjacent the substrate. The circuit board includes a first plate (e.g., the pad <NUM>). The trackpad also includes a second plate (e.g., the target plate <NUM>) including a spring element (e.g., the spring element <NUM>). A spacer (e.g., the adhesive <NUM>, the stiffener plate <NUM>, and the disc <NUM>) couples the circuit board and the spring element to each other. The spring element facilitating first movement of the substrate and the circuit board relative to the second plate (e.g., as described above regarding capacitive force sensing). The trackpad includes a capacitive force sensor (not fully shown in this illustration) that detects a capacitance of the first plate and the second plate (e.g., circuitry or other component connected to the pad <NUM> and to the target plate <NUM>).

It was mentioned above that the disc <NUM> can facilitate movement of at least the substrate <NUM> due to operation of the haptic feedback component <NUM>. In some implementations, the haptic feedback component <NUM> can be decoupled from the capacitive force sensor that detects capacitance in the trackpad architecture <NUM> (e.g., between the pad <NUM> and the target plate <NUM>). In some implementations, the movement facilitated by the disc <NUM> and the movement facilitated by the spring element <NUM> can be essentially perpendicular to each other. For example, a divergence of travel directions up to about a few degrees (including, but not limited to, five degrees) from orthogonality can be considered essentially perpendicular.

As such, the trackpad architecture <NUM> is an example of an architecture for a trackpad that includes a substrate (e.g., the substrate <NUM>) and a circuit board (e.g., the circuit board <NUM>) coupled to the substrate for detecting a position of an object adjacent the substrate. The trackpad includes a haptic feedback component (e.g., the haptic feedback component <NUM>) coupled to the circuit board. The trackpad includes a first plate (e.g., the pad <NUM>) coupled to the circuit board. The trackpad includes a second plate (e.g., the target plate <NUM>) including a spring element (e.g., the spring element <NUM>). The trackpad includes a spacer (e.g., the adhesive <NUM>, the stiffener plate <NUM>, and the disc <NUM>) coupling the circuit board and the spring element to each other. The spring element facilitates first movement (e.g., toward the target plate <NUM>) of the substrate, the circuit board and the first plate relative to the second plate. The spacer facilitates second movement (e.g., parallel to the surface <NUM>') of at least the substrate and the circuit board by the haptic feedback component.

<FIG> shows an example of a capacitive target <NUM>. <FIG> shows an example of the capacitive target <NUM> of <FIG>. <FIG> shows another example of the capacitive target <NUM> of <FIG>. The capacitive target <NUM> can be implemented in any trackpad described herein, including, but not limited to, a trackpad using the trackpad architecture <NUM> in <FIG>. Some aspects of the trackpad architecture <NUM> will be used for exemplification. The capacitive target <NUM> can include the circuit board <NUM> (e.g., a PCBA) which is here shown transparent to avoid visually obstructing other components. The stiffener plate <NUM> is here mounted to the circuit board <NUM>. A recess <NUM> is formed in the stiffener plate <NUM>.

The pad <NUM> is mounted to the circuit board <NUM>. Here, the pad <NUM> is mounted on a surface of the circuit board <NUM> is currently facing away, and the pad <NUM> is visible due to the transparency of the circuit board <NUM> in the illustration. In some implementations, the pad <NUM> can be formed as part of the process by which other components or circuitry is formed on the circuit board <NUM>. For example, in a PCBA the pad <NUM> can be formed using an additive, subtractive or a semi-additive process.

A dielectric spacer <NUM> can be provided. In some implementations, a material identical or similar to that of the dielectric <NUM> (<FIG>) can be used. For example, a MYLAR material can be used. The dielectric spacer <NUM> can be mounted to the target plate <NUM>. The dielectric spacer <NUM> can be approximately the same size as the pad <NUM>. For example, the dielectric spacer <NUM> can have a size approximately <NUM>% larger than that of the pad <NUM>. In some implementations, the dielectric spacer <NUM> can be centered on the pad <NUM>.

<FIG> shows an example of a PCBA <NUM>. The PCBA <NUM> can be used in one or more of the trackpads described herein. For example, the PCBA can serve as, or be included in, the circuit board <NUM> (<FIG>). The PCBA <NUM> has a top <NUM> and a bottom <NUM>. The terms "top" and "bottom" are referring only to the orientation of the PCBA <NUM> in this illustration, and do not necessarily reflect the orientation of the PCBA <NUM> in an implementation or during use.

The PCBA <NUM> can include one or more solder mask layer <NUM>, <NUM>. In some implementations, the solder mask layer <NUM>, <NUM> can include polymer (e.g., a lacquer-like material) to protect the PCBA <NUM>. Each of the solder mask layers <NUM>, <NUM> can be approximately <NUM>% of the thickness of the PCBA <NUM> (e.g., of the distance from the top <NUM> to the bottom <NUM>.

The PCBA <NUM> can include one or more signal/foil layer <NUM>, <NUM>. In some implementations, the signal/foil layer <NUM>, <NUM> can include a conductive material (e.g., copper) to facilitate signals or other electric transmissions in the PCBA <NUM>. Each of the signal/foil layer <NUM>, <NUM> can be approximately <NUM>% of the thickness of the PCBA <NUM>.

The PCBA <NUM> can include one or more pre-preg layer <NUM>, <NUM>. In some implementations, the pre-preg layer <NUM>, <NUM> can include a polymer material (e.g., epoxy) at which conductive components in the PCBA <NUM> (e.g., the signal/foil layer <NUM>, <NUM>) are situated. Each of the pre-preg layers <NUM>, <NUM> can be approximately <NUM>% of the thickness of the PCBA <NUM>.

The PCBA <NUM> can include one or more plane/core layer <NUM>. In some implementations, the plane/core layer <NUM> can include a substrate (e.g., a metal sheet) forming the core of the PCBA <NUM>. The plane/core layer <NUM> can be approximately <NUM>% of the thickness of the PCBA <NUM>.

<FIG> shows an example of a trackpad architecture <NUM> with on-PCBA capacitive force sensing. The trackpad architecture <NUM> can be implemented in any trackpad described herein, including, but not limited to, a trackpad using the trackpad architecture <NUM> in <FIG>. Some aspects of the trackpad architecture <NUM> will be used for exemplification. The trackpad architecture <NUM> is truncated for simplicity. As such, in an implementation some features can extend further than shown in the illustration.

The trackpad architecture <NUM> includes the circuit board <NUM>. For example, the circuit board <NUM> can be a PCBA.

The trackpad architecture <NUM> includes the stiffener plate <NUM> mounted to the circuit board <NUM> by adhesive <NUM>. An opening <NUM> is formed in the stiffener plate <NUM>.

The trackpad architecture <NUM> includes the discs <NUM> between the stiffener plate <NUM> and the target plate <NUM>. The spring elements <NUM> of the target plate <NUM> are currently shown in a flexed state, whereas another portion <NUM>' of the target plate <NUM> is not currently flexed (e.g., the portion <NUM>' is not a spring element). The flexing can be due to a pressure applied to a substrate (not shown) which causes the circuit board <NUM> and the stiffener plate <NUM> to press against the discs <NUM>, thereby partially compressing the discs <NUM>. When the spring elements <NUM> are not flexed, the spring elements <NUM> may essentially align with the portion <NUM>'.

In operation, the circuit board <NUM> can detect the position of an object (e.g., a finger or a stylus) relative to the trackpad and generate a position signal <NUM>. The position signal <NUM> can be used for one or more purposes in a system having a trackpad with the trackpad architecture <NUM>. For example, a cursor on a screen can be positioned corresponding to the detected position(s).

The trackpad architecture <NUM> can facilitate capacitive force sensing. A dielectric <NUM> can be placed between the portion <NUM>' of the target plate <NUM> and the pad <NUM> on the circuit board <NUM>. For example, the dielectric <NUM> can be mounted to the portion <NUM>'. A capacitive force sensing module (CFSM) <NUM> in the trackpad architecture <NUM> can have a connection <NUM> to the pad <NUM>, and a connection <NUM> to the portion <NUM>' of the target plate <NUM>. The CFSM <NUM> can be implemented using some or all exemplary components described with reference to <FIG>. The CFSM <NUM> can detect a capacitance of the pad <NUM> and the target plate <NUM>, and can generate a force signal <NUM>. In some implementations, the force signal can represent detection of a force onto the substrate (not shown) causing displacement of the pad <NUM>. For example, the force signal <NUM> can be used for triggering one or more operations in the system.

<FIG> shows an example of a trackpad architecture <NUM>. The trackpad architecture <NUM> can be implemented in any trackpad described herein. Some aspects of the trackpad architecture <NUM> will be used for exemplification. For example, the trackpad architecture <NUM> includes the stiffener plate <NUM> and does not include the target plate <NUM> (<FIG>).

A housing <NUM> is shown in <FIG>. The housing <NUM> represents some or all of the structure in which the trackpad is implemented. Such a structure can be a mobile electronic device, a stationary electronic device and/or a display device, to name just a few examples. In some implementations, the trackpad is implemented on a laptop computer and the housing <NUM> can represent part of the structure of such a laptop computer. For example, the housing <NUM> can include a metal structure against which the trackpad architecture <NUM> is mounted.

Some or all of the housing <NUM> can serve as a plate for purposes of capacitive force sensing. This can conceptually be described as a target plate <NUM> being integral with the housing <NUM>. In a sense, the target plate <NUM> represents that some or all of the housing <NUM> can be considered part of the trackpad architecture <NUM> and can serve as a target plate or ground plate for the trackpad architecture <NUM>. As such, the target plate <NUM> (<FIG>) need not be used as a separate component; rather, the target plate <NUM> integral to the housing <NUM> can be used for capacitive force sensing.

The housing <NUM> can be provided with spring elements <NUM>. In this example, the spring elements <NUM> include spring fingers. In some implementations, the discs <NUM> can be positioned against the spring elements <NUM>. The spring elements <NUM> can serve a function identical or similar to that of the spring elements <NUM> (<FIG>). For example, the spring elements <NUM> can facilitate dislocation of the substrate <NUM>, the circuit board <NUM> and the stiffener plate <NUM> with regard to the housing <NUM>. The spring elements <NUM> can flex because a recess (not shown) is provided on the opposite side of the spring element <NUM> from the disc <NUM>. In the laptop example, no laptop components (e.g., circuitry or other structures) are placed immediately behind the spring element <NUM> from the perspective of the disc <NUM>. The spring element <NUM> can be formed in any suitable way. In some implementations, a cutout <NUM> can be formed in the housing <NUM> so as to form the spring element <NUM>. For example, the cutout <NUM> can be machined into the housing <NUM>.

<FIG> shows an example of a trackpad architecture <NUM>. The trackpad architecture <NUM> can be implemented in any trackpad described herein. Some aspects of the trackpad architecture <NUM> will be used for exemplification. For example, the trackpad architecture <NUM> includes the target plate <NUM> and does not include the stiffener plate <NUM> (<FIG>).

The trackpad architecture <NUM> includes a substrate <NUM> with a surface <NUM>' that can be intended to be facing toward a user. For example, the surface <NUM>' can be accessible to the user, such as by way of the user's finger(s) and/or a stylus or other object. The substrate <NUM> has a thickness that is dimensioned to provide adequate stiffness for the circuit board <NUM> without any other separate component providing added stiffness. For example, the substrate <NUM> can be thicker than the substrate <NUM> (<FIG>). The dielectric <NUM> can be included in the trackpad architecture <NUM> and can be mounted to the circuit board <NUM> using the adhesive <NUM>. The discs <NUM> can be included in the trackpad architecture <NUM> and can be positioned between the circuit board <NUM> and the target plate <NUM>. As such, the discs <NUM> can facilitate movement of the substrate <NUM> and the circuit board <NUM> relative to the target plate <NUM>.

<FIG> shows an example of a trackpad architecture <NUM> in which a haptic feedback component <NUM> is split between a moving part <NUM> and a static part <NUM> of the trackpad. The trackpad architecture <NUM> can include a substrate <NUM> that can serve a function identical or similar to that of the substrate <NUM> (<FIG>) and/or the substrate <NUM> (<FIG>). For example, the substrate <NUM> can include a glass overlay. The trackpad architecture <NUM> can include an adhesive <NUM> that can serve a function identical or similar to that of the adhesive layer <NUM> (<FIG>). For example, the adhesive <NUM> can include a pressure-sensitive adhesive. The trackpad architecture <NUM> can include a circuit board <NUM> that can serve a function identical or similar to that of the circuit board <NUM> (<FIG>). For example, the circuit board <NUM> can include a PCBA. The trackpad architecture <NUM> can include a stiffener plate <NUM> that can serve a function identical or similar to that of the stiffener plate <NUM> (<FIG>). The trackpad architecture <NUM> can include a disc <NUM> that can serve a function identical or similar to that of the disc <NUM> (<FIG>). For example, the disc <NUM> can include a gel material. The trackpad architecture <NUM> can include a plate <NUM> that can serve a function identical or similar to that of the target plate <NUM> (<FIG>) and/or to that of the target plate <NUM> in the housing <NUM> (<FIG>). Some components of the trackpad architecture <NUM> can be attached to each other in any suitable way, including, but not limited to, by adhesives.

The haptic feedback component <NUM> includes a moving component <NUM> and a static component <NUM>. The term "moving" indicates that the moving component <NUM> is positioned at the moving part <NUM>; the term "static" indicates that the static component <NUM> is positioned on the static part <NUM>. Interaction between the moving component <NUM> and the static component <NUM> can provide haptic feedback perceptible to a user through a finger <NUM>. In some implementations, the moving component <NUM> includes one or more coils (e.g., air core coils) and the static component <NUM> includes one or more magnets (e.g., permanent magnets). For example, the coils can be assembled to the circuit board <NUM>. In some implementations, the moving component <NUM> includes one or more magnets and the static component <NUM> includes one or more coils.

The haptic feedback component <NUM> can be considered as having removed the moving mass from a linear resonant actuator and made the moving part <NUM> into the moving mass. The coils can be arranged in a way that provides magnetic force primarily or predominantly to the moving part <NUM>. The magnets can be arranged in a way that provides magnetic force primarily or predominantly to the moving part <NUM>. In some implementations, the magnets can be arranged according to a rotating pattern of magnetization. For example, the magnets can be arranged in a Halbach array.

If the user (e.g., the finger <NUM>) presses on the substrate <NUM> with more force, the separation between the magnet(s) and the coil(s) can decrease. In some implementations, this can increase the magnetic force being applied to the moving part <NUM>. More magnetic force being applied can cause the haptic feedback to be stronger. This can be advantageous when haptic feedback is provided in response to such user-applied force (e.g., in response to the user clicking on the substrate <NUM>). For example, the stronger the user presses, the stronger the effect of the haptic feedback can be.

<FIG> shows an example of a trackpad architecture <NUM> illustrating decoupling of force-sensing elements from elements that provide haptic feedback. The trackpad architecture <NUM> can be implemented in any trackpad described herein. Some aspects of the trackpad architecture <NUM> will be used for exemplification. For example, the trackpad architecture <NUM> includes the stiffener plate <NUM> and does not include the pad <NUM> (<FIG>). The trackpad architecture <NUM> can have the haptic feedback component <NUM> mounted to the circuit board <NUM>.

A haptic feedback module (HFM) <NUM> can be included in the trackpad architecture <NUM> and can have a connection <NUM> to the haptic feedback component <NUM>. The HFM <NUM> can be implemented using some or all exemplary components described with reference to <FIG>. The CFSM <NUM> can have the connection <NUM> to the portion <NUM>' of the target plate <NUM>. The CFSM <NUM> can have a connection <NUM> to the stiffener plate <NUM>. The CFSM <NUM> can detect a capacitance of the stiffener plate <NUM> and the target plate <NUM>, and can generate the force signal <NUM>.

The HFM <NUM> can receive a feedback signal <NUM> (e.g., from the system) and can trigger the haptic feedback component <NUM> to provide haptic feedback <NUM> (here conceptually illustrated using an arrow). The disc <NUM> can facilitate the haptic feedback <NUM> by undergoing a distortion <NUM> (here conceptually illustrated using an arrow). For example, the distortion <NUM> can involve a compression, stretching, shearing and/or skewing of the disc <NUM>.

A user applying pressure to a substrate (not shown) coupled to the circuit board <NUM> can cause a movement <NUM> of the circuit board <NUM> and the stiffener plate <NUM> as facilitated by the spring element <NUM>. The movement <NUM> is here conceptually illustrated using an arrow. For example, the disc <NUM> facilitates the haptic feedback <NUM> by undergoing the distortion <NUM>, and causes the spring element <NUM> to facilitate the movement <NUM>. The trackpad architecture <NUM> therefore features decoupling of force-sensing elements from elements that provide haptic feedback.

<FIG> shows an example of a trackpad architecture <NUM> that provides haptic feedback using a layer <NUM>. The trackpad architecture <NUM> can be implemented in any trackpad described herein. Some aspects of the trackpad architectures <NUM> and <NUM> will be used for exemplification. The trackpad architecture <NUM> can include a substrate <NUM> that can serve a function identical or similar to that of the substrate <NUM> (<FIG>) and/or the substrate <NUM> (<FIG>). The layer <NUM> can be coupled to the substrate <NUM>.

The layer <NUM> can provide haptic feedback to a user by way of the HFM <NUM> and a connection <NUM>. In some implementations, the layer <NUM> includes a piezoelectric actuator controlled by the HFM <NUM>. For example, the layer <NUM> can include one or more ceramic components capable of providing actuation. For example, the layer <NUM> can include one or more films capable of providing actuation.

<FIG> shows an example of a trackpad <NUM> that can provide localized haptic feedback. The trackpad <NUM> can include a substrate <NUM> that can serve a function identical or similar to that of the substrate <NUM> (<FIG>), the substrate <NUM> (<FIG>) and/or the substrate <NUM> (<FIG>). The trackpad <NUM> can include multiple haptic feedback components <NUM>, here shown in phantom. In some implementations, the haptic feedback components <NUM> can be controlled by a haptic feedback module (not shown) in the trackpad <NUM>, the haptic feedback module serving a function identical or similar to that of the HFM <NUM> (<FIG>). For example, the haptic feedback components <NUM> can be coupled to a circuit board (not shown) in the trackpad <NUM>. In some implementations, the haptic feedback components <NUM> can be arranged in any of multiple patterns relative to the substrate <NUM>. For example, the haptic feedback components <NUM> are here arranged in a rectangular pattern. One, or multiple, or all of the haptic feedback components <NUM> can be actuated to provide haptic feedback. Accordingly, the trackpad <NUM> is an example of a trackpad that can provide localized haptic feedback.

<FIG> shows an example of a method <NUM>. The method <NUM> can be performed with regard to any trackpad described herein. For example, the method <NUM> can be performed using any example of trackpad architecture described herein and one or more device described with reference to <FIG>. More or fewer operations than shown can be performed. Two or more operations can be performed in a different order.

At <NUM>, a position can be detected using a circuit board. For example, the circuit board <NUM> (<FIG>) can detect the position of the finger <NUM> (<FIG>) and generate position signal <NUM> (<FIG>).

At <NUM>, at least one operation can be performed based on the detected position. For example, an object presented on a screen of a display device can be selected, moved, acted upon or de-selected based on the detected position.

At <NUM>, a force can be detected using a capacitive sensor. For example, a click performed on the substrate <NUM> (<FIG>) performed by the finger <NUM> (<FIG>) can be detected using the CFSM <NUM> (<FIG>), and the force signal <NUM> (<FIG>) can be generated.

At <NUM>, at least one operation can be performed based on the detected force. For example, an object presented on a screen of a display device can be selected, moved, acted upon or de-selected based on the detected position.

At <NUM>, haptic feedback can be provided. In some implementations, the HFM <NUM> (<FIG>) can provide haptic feedback using the haptic feedback component <NUM> (<FIG>) and/or the layer <NUM> (<FIG>). For example, the haptic feedback <NUM> (<FIG>) can be provided.

<FIG> show examples of spring elements. In <FIG>, a spring element <NUM> includes respective legs <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM>. The legs <NUM> and <NUM> are connected to each other by way of a turn <NUM>, and the legs <NUM> and <NUM> are connected to each other by way of a turn <NUM>. The legs <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> are here essentially parallel to each other. For example, the turns <NUM> and/or <NUM> can provide essential a <NUM> degree turn. The legs <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> can have the same, or different, widths as each other. In some implementations, the legs <NUM> and <NUM> have about the same width. In some implementations, the leg <NUM> can have about twice the width as the leg <NUM> and/or <NUM>. The leg <NUM> can have an essentially perpendicular connection to a plate (e.g., to a target plate). The leg <NUM> can have an essentially perpendicular connection to a plate (e.g., to a target plate). The spring element <NUM> can have essentially a common thickness, or can have two or more thicknesses.

Deformation can vary in different portions of the spring element <NUM>. For example, this can be explored using finite element analysis. In the spring element <NUM>, portions <NUM> and/or <NUM> can undergo the most deformation (e.g., when a load is placed at a substrate that subjects the spring element <NUM> to force, such as through one or more discs abutting the spring element <NUM>). Portion <NUM> and/or <NUM> can undergo the least deformation.

In <FIG>, a spring element <NUM> includes leg <NUM>, leg <NUM>, a portion <NUM>, leg <NUM> and a leg <NUM>. Legs <NUM> and <NUM> can be connected to each other at an angle. The leg <NUM> and the portion <NUM> can be essentially perpendicular to each other. The portion <NUM> and the leg <NUM> can be connected essentially perpendicular to each other. The leg <NUM> and the leg <NUM> can be essentially perpendicular to each other. The legs <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> can have the same, or different, widths as each other. Here, the legs <NUM> and <NUM> have about the same width. Here, the leg <NUM> is wider than the legs <NUM> and <NUM>. The leg <NUM> can have about twice the width of the leg <NUM> and/or <NUM>. The leg <NUM> can have an angled connection to a plate (e.g., a target plate). The leg <NUM> can have an essentially perpendicular connection to a plate (e.g., a target plate). The portion <NUM> can have a different shape than the leg <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and/or <NUM>. In some implementations, the portion <NUM> includes one or more rounded shapes. For example, he portion <NUM> can include an essentially circular portion. The spring element <NUM> can have essentially a common thickness, or can have two or more thicknesses.

Deformation can vary in different portions of the spring element <NUM>. For example, this can be explored using finite element analysis. In the spring element <NUM>, portions <NUM>, <NUM> and/or <NUM> can undergo the most deformation (e.g., when a load is placed at a substrate that subjects the spring element <NUM> to force, such as through one or more discs abutting the spring element <NUM>). Portion <NUM> and/or <NUM> can undergo the least deformation.

In <FIG>, a spring element <NUM> includes leg <NUM>, leg <NUM>, a leg <NUM> and a leg <NUM>. Legs <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> can be essentially parallel to each other. The leg <NUM> can be connected essentially perpendicular to one or more of the legs <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM>. The legs <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> can have the same, or different, widths as each other. Here, the legs <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> have about the same width. The leg <NUM> can have about twice the width of the leg <NUM>, <NUM> and/or <NUM>. The leg <NUM> can have an essentially linear (straight) connection to a plate (e.g., a target plate). The leg <NUM> can have an essentially perpendicular connection to a plate (e.g., a target plate). The spring element <NUM> can have essentially a common thickness, or can have two or more thicknesses.

Deformation can vary in different portions of the spring element <NUM>. For example, this can be explored using finite element analysis. In the spring element <NUM>, portion <NUM> and/or <NUM> can undergo the most deformation (e.g., when a load is placed at a substrate that subjects the spring element <NUM> to force, such as through one or more discs abutting the spring element <NUM>). Portion <NUM> and/or <NUM> can undergo the least deformation.

In <FIG>, a spring element <NUM> includes leg <NUM> and leg <NUM>. Legs <NUM> and <NUM> can be connected to each other at an angle. The legs <NUM> and <NUM> can have the same, or different, widths as each other. Here, the legs <NUM> and <NUM> have about the same width. The leg <NUM> can have an angled connection to a plate (e.g., a target plate). The spring element <NUM> can have essentially a common thickness, or can have two or more thicknesses.

Deformation can vary in different portions of the spring element <NUM>. For example, this <NUM> can undergo the most deformation (e.g., when a load is placed at a substrate that subjects the spring element <NUM> to force, such as through one or more discs abutting the spring element <NUM>). Portion <NUM> can undergo the least deformation.

<FIG> shows an example of a generic computer device <NUM> and a generic mobile computer device <NUM>, which may be used with the techniques described here. Computing device <NUM> is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptops, desktops, tablets, workstations, personal digital assistants, televisions, servers, blade servers, mainframes, and other appropriate computing devices. Computing device <NUM> is intended to represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular telephones, smart phones, and other similar computing devices.

The processor <NUM> can be a semiconductor-based processor. The memory <NUM> can be a semiconductor-based memory.

Thus, for example, expansion memory <NUM> may be provided as a security module for device <NUM>, and may be programmed with instructions that permit secure use of device <NUM>.

generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network.

A number of embodiments have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the amended claims.

Claim 1:
A trackpad comprising:
a substrate (<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>) providing a trackpad surface (<NUM>',<NUM>',<NUM>');
a circuit board (<NUM>,<NUM>) having a first surface coupled to the substrate (<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>) for detecting a position of an object adjacent the trackpad surface and for generating a corresponding position signal, the circuit board including a first plate (<NUM>) at a second surface of the circuit board, the second surface opposite to the first surface;
a second plate (<NUM>, <NUM>,<NUM>) including a spring element (<NUM>,<NUM>), wherein a spacer couples the circuit board (<NUM>) and the spring element (<NUM>) to each other, the spring element facilitating first movement of the substrate (<NUM>) and the circuit board (<NUM>) relative to the second plate (<NUM>);
a dielectric (<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>) between the first plate and the second plate and wherein the dielectric is sized to limit displacement of the circuit board (<NUM>) to facilitate the first movement of the substrate and the circuit board relative to the second plate while preventing that the circuit board (<NUM>) comes into contact with the second plate (<NUM>); and
a capacitive force sensor that detects a capacitance of the first plate and the second plate.