Patent Description:
<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole and its derivatives represent one of the most biologically active classes of compounds, possessing a wide spectrum of activities. <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides exhibit their antifungal activity by inhibiting C<NUM>-demethylase (P450 enzyme), a well-known target for fungicides. Either as single heterocyclic derivatives or in fusion with the other cycles, <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazoles have emerged as one of the most explored center to obtain agrochemically significant compounds. <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides are economically important agrochemicals as they are widely used on crops such as wheat, barley, soybean and orchard fruits and have protective, curative and eradicant properties. In view of the importance of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole based fungicides, they have evoked great interest for their synthesis and various processes for the preparation of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole based fungicides have been reported.

<CIT> has disclosed process for preparation of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole compounds, especially ketal-triazole compounds like propiconazole and azaconazole wherein synthesis of these ketal-triazole involve condensation of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole with haloketal in the presence of a base such as alkali metal alkoxide. The drawback of this process is that it results into poor yield of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicide.

<CIT> has disclosed a process for preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-phenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. But, separation of the product from the phase transfer catalyst is often difficult as both the final product and catalyst are in the organic phase and hence it becomes cumbersome to extract the final product.

All of these prior art procedures either suffer from low yields, require expensive reagents and equipment as well as multi-step reactions, or include reactions which are impractical by requiring conditions which are difficult to maintain for large scale production. Therefore, it is highly desirable to design a process that is simple and results into high yields of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicide.

<CIT> describes a preparation method for cyproconazole starting from <NUM>-chlorobenzaldehyde, wherein the method involves Grignard, sulfur ylide and ring-opening reactions.

<CIT> describes a method of producing prothioconazole from an intermediate compound obtained from <NUM>,<NUM>'-dithio-bis(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole) and <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-propanol.

It is an object of the invention to provide a process of preparation of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole based fungicides using homologous cage amine catalyst.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a single step process for the manufacture of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole based compounds with simple isolation of the product.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a process for preparing prothioconazole wherein the process use homologous cage amine as catalyst.

According to the the present invention, there is provided a process for the preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>- chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-mercapto-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol or salts or tautomers thereof as defined in claim <NUM>.

The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>- chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)propan-<NUM>-ol or salts or tautomers thereof as defined in claim <NUM>.

Disclosed herein is a process for preparation of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides of general formula (I), their salts, esters or isomers or tautomers thereof,
<CHM>
wherein R<NUM>, R<NUM>, R<NUM> can be independently:.

Also disclosed herein is a process for the preparation of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides of formula (I), their salts, esters or isomers or tautomers thereof wherein said process comprises:
reacting a compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (III) in the presence of a homologous cage amine catalyst selected from <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (ABCO) and <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (DABCO).

A process for the preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-mercapto-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol, their salts, esters or isomers or tautomers thereof as disclosed herein, may comprise:
reacting <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl) propan-<NUM>-ol and/or <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane with <NUM>-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole-<NUM>-thiol in the presence of a homologous cage amines catalyst.

A process for the preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)propan-<NUM>-ol their salts, esters or isomers or tautomers thereof as disclosed herein, may comprise reacting <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl) propan-<NUM>-ol and/or <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane with <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole in the presence of a homologous cage amines catalyst.

A process for the preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-mercapto-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol as disclosed herein may comprise;.

A process for the preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-mercapto-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol as disclosed herein, may proceed via the intermediate <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)propan-<NUM>-ol prepared in the presence of a homogenous cage amine catalyst.

A process for the preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-mercapto-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol as disclosed herein, may proceed via the intermediate <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)propan-<NUM>-ol prepared by reacting <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)propan-<NUM>-ol, or <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane or a mixture thereof with <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM> triazole in the presence of a homogenous cage amine catalyst.

The compound <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-mercapto-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol may be prepared by a process as disclosed herein which proceeds via the intermediate <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)propan-<NUM>-ol prepared in the presence of a homogenous cage amine catalyst.

The compound <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-mercapto-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol may be prepared by a process as disclosed herein which process proceeds via the intermediate <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)propan-<NUM>-ol prepared by reacting <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)propan-<NUM>-ol, or <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane or a mixture thereof with <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM> triazole in the presence of a homogenous cage amine catalyst.

Also disclosed herein but not recited in the claims is a method of using homologous cage amines as catalyst for the preparation of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides of formula (I), their salts, or esters, or isomers or tautomers thereof wherein said method comprises reacting a compound of formula (II) with compound of formula (III) in the presence of said homologous cage amine catalyst.

Prothioconazole prepared according to the present invention may have a volume average particle size distribution D<NUM> up to <NUM> (micrometers).

It has now been found, surprisingly, that <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole based fungicides can be produced readily and reliably in high yields when homologous cage amines are used as catalyst. The high yield of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole based compounds are due to high efficiency of catalysts facilitating complete conversion of reactants to the desired product and simultaneously discouraging formation of undesired products.

One such homologous cage amine, <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (DABCO), is a diazabicyclic molecule. DABCO has received considerable attention as an inexpensive, eco-friendly, easy to handle and non-toxic base catalyst affording the corresponding products in excellent yields with high selectivity. Similarly, another homologous cage amine <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (ABCO), also acts as a catalyst. ABCO is a saturated bicyclic system with a bridgehead nitrogen atom.

The synthesis of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole based compounds using homologous cage amine catalysts is further distinguished by a series of advantages. For example, synthesis of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole based compounds using homologous cage amine catalysts occurs at a much faster pace. The reaction can also be carried out on an industrial scale without difficulty. Moreover, it is advantageous that the desired product is obtained in a very high yield and good purity. Another advantage of the process according to the invention consist in the fact that it can be carried, not only batch-wise, but also continuous.

The description of a preferred embodiment is by way of example only and without limitation to the combination of features necessary for carrying the invention into effect.

Therefore, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of the <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides as defined in claims <NUM> and <NUM>.

Also disclosed herein but not recited in the claims is a process for preparation of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides of general formula (I), their salts, esters or isomers or tautomers thereof,
<CHM>
wherein R<NUM>, R<NUM>, R<NUM> can be independently:.

Also disclosed herein but not recited in the claims is a process for the preparation of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides of formula (I), their salts, esters or isomers or tautomers thereof wherein said process comprises reacting a compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (III) in the presence of a homologous cage amine catalyst selected from <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (ABCO) and <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (DABCO).

The invention provides a process for the preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-mercapto-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol, their salts, esters or isomers or tautomers thereof, wherein said process comprises reacting <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)
propan-<NUM>-ol and/or <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane with <NUM>-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole-<NUM>-thiol in the presence of a homologous cage amines catalyst selected from <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane, <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane, azabicyclo (<NUM>. <NUM>)undecanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)nonanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)nonanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)butanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)octanes and N-methyl-<NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM> ]octane, <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]non-<NUM>-ene, <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]undec-<NUM>-ene and <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetra-azatricyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]undecane.

The invention also provides a process for the preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)propan-<NUM>-ol their salts, esters or isomers or tautomers thereof, wherein said process comprises reacting <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)
propan-<NUM>-ol and/or <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane with <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole in the presence of a homologous cage amines catalyst selected from <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane, <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane, azabicyclo (<NUM>. <NUM>)undecanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)nonanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)nonanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)butanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)octanes and N-methyl-<NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM> ]octane, <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]non-<NUM>-ene, <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]undec-<NUM>-ene and <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetra-azatricyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]undecane.

The process for the preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-mercapto-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol according to the invention may comprise;.

Also disclosed herein is a process for the preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-mercapto-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol, wherein said process proceeds via the intermediate <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)propan-<NUM>-ol prepared in the presence of a homogenous cage amine catalyst.

Also disclosed herein is a process for the preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-mercapto-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol, wherein said process proceeds via the intermediate <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)propan-<NUM>-ol prepared by reacting <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)propan-<NUM>-ol, or <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane or a mixture thereof with <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM> triazole in the presence of a homogenous cage amine catalyst.

A process for the synthesis of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides of formula (I) as disclosed herein comprises: reacting a compound of formula (II) with compound of formula (III) in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst is selected from homologous cage amines.

Inventors of the invention found that <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicide of formula (I) can be produced readily and reliably in high yields when homologous cage amines are used as catalyst. The high yield of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicide of formula (I) is due to high efficiency of catalysts facilitating complete conversion of reactants to the desired product and simultaneously discouraging formation of impurities.

<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides of formula (I) with IUPAC name, <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)propan-<NUM>-ol is herein after referred to as prothioconazole-desthio.

<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides of formula (I) with IUPAC name <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-mercapto-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol is herein after referred to as prothioconazole.

Prothioconazole can exist in the "mercapto" form as given in formula (Ia) or in the tautomeric "thiono" form as given in formula (Ib).

For the purpose of simplicity herein after prothioconazole is shown as "mercapto" form of formula (Ia), although references to prothioconazole include prothioconazole in the "thiono" form as well.

Accordingly disclosed herein but not recited in the claims is a process for the preparation of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicide of the general formula (I), their salts, or esters, or isomers or tautomers thereof,
<CHM>
where.

The course of the process can be illustrated in scheme <NUM> as given below:
<CHM>
<CHM>.

R<NUM>, R<NUM>, R<NUM> of compound of formula (II) can be independently hydrogen, nitrile, nitro, amino, halogen, hydroxyl, alkanoyl, linear or branched (C1-C10) alkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted with halogen or linear or branched alkyl, aryl unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, heteroaryl unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, heterocyclic unsubstituted or substituted with halogen or linear or branched (C1-C10) alkyl, arylalkyl unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, substituted or unsubstituted biaryl, aryloxy unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, aryloxyaryl unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, alkylsilyl, -C(R<NUM> R<NUM> R<NUM>) where R<NUM>, R<NUM>, R<NUM> can be independently selected from hydrogen, nitrile, nitro, amino, halogen, hydroxyl, alkanoyl, linear or branched (C1-C10) alkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted with halogen or linear or branched alkyl, aryl unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, heteroaryl unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, heterocyclic unsubstituted or substituted with halogen or linear or branched (C<NUM>-C<NUM>) alkyl, arylalkyl unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, substituted or unsubstituted biaryl, aryloxy unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, aryloxyaryl unsubstituted or substituted with halogen or alkylsilyl.

Substituents represented by A in compound of formula (III) may be selected from hydrogen, a metal or trialkysilyl group, and R<NUM> can be independently -SH group or hydrogen or tautomers thereof.

Various <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides of formula (I) that may be prepared according to this process are listed in the below table (Table I).

<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides of formula (I) as disclosed herein can be selected from prothioconazole, azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, hexaconazole, fenbuconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, penconazole, propiconazole, tebuconazole, simeconazole, tetraconazole, myclobutanil, ipfentrifluconazole, mefentrifluconazole, diclobutrazol, triadimefon, triadimenol.

In one aspect of the present invention, <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides of formula (I) is prothioconazole.

In the process of the present invention, the homologous cage amine catalyst is selected from the group consisting of <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (DABCO), <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (ABCO), azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)undecanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)nonanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)nonanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)butanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)octanes and N-methyl-<NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane, <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]non-<NUM>-ene (DBN), <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]undec-<NUM>-ene (DBU) and <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetraazatricyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>,<NUM>] undecane (TATU).

In a preferred embodiment, homologous cage amine catalysts is selected from <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (DABCO) or <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (ABCO).

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the homologous cage amine catalyst used is in an amount from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the homologous cage amine catalyst used is preferably in an amount from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%.

A process for preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-mercapto-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol as disclosed herein may comprise: reacting <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl) propan-<NUM>-ol and/or <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane with <NUM>-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole-<NUM>-thiol in the presence of homologous cage amine catalyst.

A process for preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-mercapto-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol as disclosed hereinmay comprise: reacting a mixture of <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl) propan-<NUM>-ol and <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane with <NUM>-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole-<NUM>-thiol in the presence of a homologous cage amine catalyst.

According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a process for preparation of <NUM>-[<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-hydroxypropyl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydro-<NUM>-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole] comprising reacting a mixture of <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl) propan-<NUM>-ol and <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane with <NUM>-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole-<NUM>-thiol in the presence of a homologous cage amine catalyst selected from <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (ABCO) and <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (DABCO).

In another embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out in the presence of homologous cage amine catalyst in an amount from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%.

In yet another embodiment, the process is carried out in the presence of homologous cage amine catalyst in an amount from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%.

The course of the process according to the invention can be illustrated in scheme <NUM> as given below:
<CHM>
<CHM>.

A process for preparation of <NUM>-[<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-hydroxypropyl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydro-<NUM>-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole] as disclosed herein may comprise reacting <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl) propan-<NUM>-ol and/or <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane with <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole in the presence of a homologous cage amine catalyst.

A process for preparation of <NUM>-[<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-hydroxypropyl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydro-<NUM>-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole] as disclosed herein may comprise reacting a mixture of <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl) propan-<NUM>-ol and <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane with <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole in the presence of a homologous cage amine catalyst.

According to an embodiment, the process of the invention is carried out in the presence of homologous cage amine catalyst in an amount from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%.

In another embodiment, the process is carried out in the presence of homologous cage amine catalyst in an amount from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the reaction is conducted in an organic solvent and in presence of a base.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the reaction is conducted in an organic solvent selected from dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), acetone, dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile (MeCN), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and propylene carbonate (PC).

In another embodiment of the present invention, the reaction is conducted optionally in presence of a base.

In another embodiment, the reaction is conducted in presence of a base selected from inorganic bases like alkaline earth metal and alkali metal hydroxides, acetates, carbonates, bicarbonates phosphates, hydrogen phosphates and hydrides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, calcium hydride, sodium hydride and potassium hydride or organic bases like aliphatic amines such as dimethylamine, diethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine and tributylamine; aromatic amines such as dimethylaniline, and aromatic heterocyclic bases such as pyridine and picoline.

According to another embodiment, there is provided a process for preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)propan-<NUM>-ol, wherein the process comprising, reacting <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl) propan-<NUM>-ol and <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane with <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole in the presence of a homologous cage amine catalyst selected from <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (ABCO) and <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (DABCO).

The present invention further provides a process for the preparation of prothioconazole, said process comprising;.

In an embodiment, prothioconazole can be prepared by a process which proceeds via the intermediate prothioconazole-desthio prepared in the presence of a homogenous cage amine catalyst selected from <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane, <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane, azabicyclo (<NUM>. <NUM>)undecanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)nonanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)nonanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)butanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)octanes and N-methyl-<NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM> ]octane, <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]non-<NUM>-ene, <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]undec-<NUM>-ene and <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetra-azatricyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]undecane.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reaction of step (a) is conducted in the presence of an homologous cage amine catalyst selected from <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (ABCO) and <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (DABCO).

In another embodiment of the present invention, the reaction is conducted in presence of a base.

According to another embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of prothioconazole, said process comprising;.

In an embodiment, prothioconazole can be prepared by a process which proceeds via the intermediate prothioconazole-desthio prepared by reacting a mixture of <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)propan-<NUM>-ol and <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane with <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM> triazole in the presence of an homologous cage amine catalyst selected from <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (ABCO) and <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (DABCO).

The course of the process according to the embodiment can be illustrated in scheme <NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the reaction of step (a) is conducted in an organic solvent and in presence of a base.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the reaction of step (a) is conducted in an organic solvent selected from dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), acetone, dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile (MeCN), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and propylene carbonate (PC).

In another embodiment of the present invention, the reaction of step (a) is conducted in presence of a base.

In another embodiment, the reaction of step (a) is conducted in presence of a base selected from inorganic bases like alkaline earth metal and alkali metal hydroxides, acetates, carbonates, bicarbonates phosphates, hydrogen phosphates and hydrides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, calcium hydride, sodium hydride and potassium hydride or organic bases like aliphatic amines such as dimethylamine, diethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine and tributylamine; aromatic amines such as dimethylaniline, and aromatic heterocyclic bases such as pyridine and picoline.

In an embodiment, the reaction with sulphur of step (b) is performed by known methods.

In the present invention step (b) is performed by reacting step (a) product with sulphur powder in an organic solvent to produce prothioconazole.

In the present invention step (b) is performed in organic solvent selected from inert organic solvents which are customary for such reactions such as ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether and <NUM>,<NUM>-dimethoxyethane, furthermore liquid ammonia or else strongly polar solvents, such as dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMS O) and N-methylpyrrolidone.

Prothioconazole prepared according to the present invention may have a volume average particle size distribution D50 up to <NUM> (micrometers).

For example, the particles of prothioconazole prepared according to the present invention may have a D50 (the median for a volume distribution, has been defined as the diameter where half of the population lies below this value) up to <NUM> (micrometers).

For example, the particles of prothioconazole prepared according to the present invention have a D50 in the range between <NUM> to <NUM>.

Prothioconazole prepared according to the present invention may have a volume average particle size distribution D90 up to <NUM> (micrometers).

For example, the particles of prothioconazole prepared according to the present invention may have a D90 (the median for a volume distribution, has been defined as the diameter where <NUM>% of the population lies below this value) up to <NUM> (micrometers).

The particles of prothioconazole prepared according to the present invention may have a D90 in the range between <NUM> to <NUM>.

It has been surprisingly found that prothioconazole having the particle size distribution as defined hereinabove possesses substantially reduced respirability, which substantially improves the toxicity profile of prothioconazole produced by this process. This improved toxicity profile renders the thus produced prothioconazole especially suited for preparing formulations where a reduced human exposure is required, especially in formulations where the reduced respirability is a desirable property to reduce the side-effects of human exposure.

Thus, prothioconazole prepared according to the process of the present invention may have a volume average particle size distribution D<NUM> up to <NUM>.

For example, prothioconazole prepared according to the process of the present invention may have D<NUM> between <NUM> to <NUM>.

Prothioconazole prepared according to the process of the present invention may have a volume average particle size distribution D<NUM> up to <NUM>.

Prothioconazole prepared according to the process of the present invention may, for example, have D<NUM> between <NUM> to <NUM>.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the process as defined in claim <NUM> or claim <NUM> further comprises a solvent.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the solvent used in the process are polar aprotic solvents. The polar aprotic solvents are solvents that have similar dissolving power to protic solvents, but without the presence of an acidic hydrogen. Useful polar aprotic solvents include, but are not limited to, aldehydes (R-CHO), ketones (R-CO-R'), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (CH3-SO-CH3), dimethyl formamide (DMF) (H-CON(CH3)<NUM>), and combinations thereof wherein R and R' are alkyl groups having <NUM> to about <NUM> carbon atoms. Examples of useful polar aprotic solvents include ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methyl ethyl ketone.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the solvent used in the process is selected from polar aprotic solvents are dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), acetone, dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile (MeCN), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and propylene carbonate (PC).

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the solvent may be made up substantially or entirely of a polar aprotic solvent(s) or combinations of a polar aprotic solvent(s) and a protic solvent(s). In the instance of combinations, the amount of protic co-solvent can range from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. % and more preferably about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. % based on the total weight of the polar aprotic solvent(s) and the protic co-solvent(s).

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the process optionally includes a base.

According to an embodiment, the base used is an inorganic base selected from alkaline earth metal and alkali metal hydroxides, acetates, carbonates, bicarbonates phosphates, hydrogen phosphates and hydrides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, calcium hydride, sodium hydride and potassium hydride.

According to an embodiment, the base used is an organic base selected from aliphatic amines such as dimethylamine, diethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine and tributylamine; aromatic amines such as dimethylaniline, and aromatic heterocyclic bases such as pyridine and picoline.

According to an embodiment of present invention the reaction is carried out at temperatures from <NUM> to 120é C. , suitably at a temperature of from <NUM> to 100é C. , and typically at a temperature of from <NUM> to 95é C. , for example, from <NUM> to 85é C.

The process according to the invention is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure. However, it is also possible to carry out the process under reduced or increased pressure.

A method of using homologous cage amines as catalyst for the preparation of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides of formula (I), their salts, esters or isomers or tautomers as disclosed herein may comprise reacting a compound of formula (II) with compound of formula (III) in the presence of said homologous cage amines as catalyst. The compounds of formula (I), (II) and (III) have the same meaning as described above.

A method of using homologous cage amines selected from the group comprising <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (DABCO), <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (ABCO), azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)undecanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)nonanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)nonanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)butanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>. <NUM>)octanes and N-methyl-<NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane, <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]non-<NUM>-ene (DBN), <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]undec-<NUM>-ene (DBU) and <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetraazatricyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>,<NUM>] undecane (TATU) as a catalyst for the preparation of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole fungicides of formula (I), their salts, esters or isomers or tautomers thereof as disclosed herein may comprise reacting a compound of formula (II) with compound of formula (III) in presence of said homologous cage amine catalyst. the above process as disclosed herein may be carried out in the presence of homologous cage amine catalyst in an amount from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%.

The process as disclosed herein may be carried out in the presence of homologous cage amine catalyst in an amount from about <NUM> mol% to about <NUM> mol%.

A method of using homologous cage amines as catalyst for the preparation of prothioconazole, its salts, esters or isomers or tautomers as disclosed herein may comprise reacting compound of formula (III) with of <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl) propan-<NUM>-ol and/or <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane in presence of homologous cage amine catalyst.

Also disclosed herein but not recited in the claims is a method of using homologous cage amine selected from <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (ABCO) and <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (DABCO) as catalyst for the preparation of prothioconazole, its salts, esters or isomers or tautomers may comprise reacting compound of formula (III) with of <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl) propan-<NUM>-ol and/or <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane.

Also disclosed herein but not recited in the claims is a method of using homologous cage amine selected from <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (ABCO) and <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (DABCO) as catalyst for the preparation of prothioconazole-desthio may comprise reacting <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>- triazole with <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl) propan-<NUM>-ol and/or <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane in presence of <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (ABCO) or <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (DABCO) as catalyst.

To a stirred mixture of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole (<NUM>), potassium carbonate (<NUM>), <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (<NUM>) in dimethylformamide (DMF) (<NUM>), a mixture (<NUM>) of <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)propa-<NUM>-ol and <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)methyl]oxirane in DMF (<NUM>) is added dropwise and allowed to react at an ambient temperature. The resulting mixture is stirred for <NUM> hours at temperatures around <NUM> The reaction mixture is then cooled to room temperature and filtered to obtain a residue. The residue thus obtained is washed with the portions of DMF, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude mass. The crude mass is then dissolved in <NUM> toluene and water with continuous stirring at <NUM>-<NUM> for <NUM> hrs. The resulting mixture is cooled and filtered off. The resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure and then crystallized in isopropanol. The concentrate so obtained is dried to get <NUM> of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)propan-<NUM>-ol. (<NUM> % yield to that of theory).

To a stirred mixture of <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole (<NUM>), potassium carbonate (<NUM>), <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane (<NUM>) in dimethylformamide (DMF) (<NUM>); a mixture (<NUM>) of <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)propa-<NUM>-ol and <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-[(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)methyl]oxirane in DMF (<NUM>) is added dropwise and allowed to react at an ambient temperature. The resulting mixture is stirred for <NUM> hours at temperatures around <NUM>. The reaction mixture is then cooled to room temperature and filtered to obtain a residue. The residue thus obtained is washed with the portions of DMF, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude mass. The crude mass is then dissolved in <NUM> toluene and water with continuous stirring at <NUM>-<NUM> for <NUM> hrs. The resulting mixture is cooled and filtered off. The resulting filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure and then crystallized in isopropanol. The concentrate so obtained is dried to get <NUM> of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)propan-<NUM>-ol. (<NUM> % yield to that of theory).

Process of example <NUM> was followed to prepare <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)propan-<NUM>-ol.

A mixture of DMF (<NUM>), <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)propan-<NUM>-ol (<NUM>) and sulphur (<NUM>) are heated at <NUM>-<NUM> for <NUM> hrs. The reaction mixture is cooled to <NUM> and unreacted sulphur is filtered. The filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. To the residue is added toluene (<NUM>) and caustic solution (<NUM>%, <NUM>) and stirred for <NUM> minutes at <NUM>. Layers are separated. Toluene (<NUM>) is added to the aqueous layer and the solution is acidified with <NUM>% HCl to pH <NUM>-<NUM>. The mixture is cooled to <NUM> and the solid thus formed is washed with water followed by toluene (<NUM>). Crude solid is crystallized in methanol (<NUM>) after a charcoal treatment to obtain <NUM> (<NUM> % purity) of prothioconazole.

Sample preparation and method of analysis: <NUM> of Prothioconazole was taken in <NUM> dispersant medium. The content was mixed well and analyzed in Malvern Mastersizer- Hydro <NUM> SM.

The result obtained is given as below: <MAT> <MAT>.

<FIG> summarizes the particle size distribution of prothioconazole prepared according to the present invention.

Claim 1:
A process for the preparation of <NUM>-(<NUM>-chloro-cyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>- chlorophenyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-mercapto-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazol-<NUM>-yl)-propan-<NUM>-ol or salts or tautomers thereof, said process comprising reacting <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorophenyl) propan-<NUM>-ol and/or <NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorobenzyl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>-chlorocyclopropyl)oxirane with <NUM>-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>- triazole-<NUM>-thiol in the presence of a homologous cage amine catalyst selected from <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>.<NUM>]octane, <NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>.<NUM>]octane, azabicyclo (<NUM>.<NUM>)undecanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>.<NUM>)nonanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>.<NUM>)nonanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>.<NUM>)butanes, azabicyclo(<NUM>.<NUM>)octanes and N-methyl-<NUM>-azabicyclo[<NUM>.<NUM> ]octane, <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>.<NUM>]non-<NUM>-ene, <NUM>,<NUM>-diazabicyclo[<NUM>.<NUM>]undec-<NUM>-ene and <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetra-azatricyclo[<NUM>.<NUM> .<NUM>]undecane.