Patent Description:
<CIT>(Patent Document <NUM>) and <CIT>(Patent Document <NUM>) discloses a technique on a medical coating composition, which can impart a stable sliding property to a surface without applying a lubricant to that surface.

<CIT> and <CIT> disclose cables and medical hollow tubes.

A sheath made of an electrical insulating member is formed on a surface of a cable. This sheath is desired to have no stickiness or the like, but a good slidability (sliding property). On the other hand, an end portion of the cable is subjected to a termination, during which a protective member such as a boot or the like is attached to the sheath with an adhesive. Here, in the cable with the protective member having been attached thereto, for example, when the end portion of the cable is bent, a coating film, which has been formed on a surface of the sheath, may be peeled off, which may lead to the protective member detaching from the cable. That is, the cable is required to have no stickiness or the like but a good slidability on the surface of that cable, and a resistance of the coating film formed on the surface of the sheath to being peeled off.

Also, a medical hollow tube is provided with a coating film on an outer surface or an inner surface of a hollow tube main body. As with the coating film of the cable, this coating film of the medical hollow tube is required to have a good slidability, and a resistance of the coating film formed on the outer surface or the inner surface of the hollow tube main body to being peeled off.

From the aspect of good hygiene, on the other hand, it is necessary to keep the surfaces of the cable or the medical hollow tube clean by wiping off them with a disinfecting alcohol. For that reason, the coating film is required to have such a high resistance to being wiped off as to maintain a high slidability, even when repeatedly wiped off with the disinfecting alcohol or the like.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a technique for allowing a coating film to develop a slidability and a resistance to being wiped off at a high level.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cable as defined in claim <NUM>.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a medical hollow tube as defined in claim <NUM>.

According to the present invention, it is possible to allow the coating film to develop a slidability and a resistance to being wiped off at a high level.

First, the findings obtained by the present inventors will be described.

For example, in an ultrasonic imaging device that is designed as a medical device, an ultrasonic probe is connected to a cable, so that a medical test is performed by moving that ultrasonic probe on a human body. At this point of time, if the cable connected to the ultrasonic probe is sticky, the cable may be stuck by being brought into contact with another cable or by being caused to touch a medical tester's garment or the like. As a result, the ultrasonic probe may be difficult to move smoothly, which may lead to impairing the handleability of the medical device.

Conventionally, from the point of view of ensuring the slidability of the cable, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been used as a material for forming a sheath for the cable. It should be noted, however, that, with the PVC, as the period of use of the cable becomes longer, an alteration of the sheath, such as a discoloring of the sheath, is more likely to occur.

From this, in place of the PVC, a silicone rubber being excellent in heat resistance and chemical resistance has been studied as the sheath material. It should be noted, however, that, since the sheath formed of the silicone rubber tends to be sticky (also termed tacky), the sheath formed of the silicone rubber tends to be low in slidability (sliding property).

In view of the foregoing, for the purpose of improving the slidability of the cable, providing a coating film having a small static friction coefficient on a surface of the sheath formed of the silicone rubber has been proposed. As the coating film having a small static friction coefficient, the coating film formed of a rubber composition including fine particles and having micro irregularities produced by the fine particles on its surface has been studied.

However, according to the present inventors' study, it has been found out that the cable provided with the above-described coating film, though having the resulting slidability, has the following two problems.

One of the two problems is that no enough adhesion strength between the coating film and the sheath can be ensured. When the cable is used as, e.g., a probe cable, a boot may be attached to a terminal of the cable as a protective member. At this point of time, the boot is attached to the coating film formed on the outermost surface of the cable with an adhesive between the boot and the coating film. However, the adhesion strength between the underlying sheath and the overlying coating film is low, and therefore, when the boot attached to the cable is acted on by a bending pressure, a peeling off of the coating film may occur at the interface between it and the underlying sheath, which may lead to the boot detaching from the cable.

The other one of the two problems is that the coating film is low in resistance to being wiped off. The cable for medical use is used repeatedly by being wiped off with a disinfecting alcohol or the like to keep its surface clean. According to the present inventors' study, however, it has been found that the irregular state of the coating film surface is changed by the repeating of the wiping off of the coating film surface, which increases the static friction coefficient of the coating film with the increase of the number of times the coating film is wiped off, and which makes it difficult to obtain the desired slidability of the cable. In other words, the coating film may be unable to maintain the slidability of the cable at a high level over a long period of use.

As a result of the study on the above two problems, the present inventors have found out that a factor that degrades the various properties of the coating film is air bubbles present in the coating film. The air bubbles are the ones formed when a liquid material to be used to form the coating film is cured. The presence of these air bubbles in the surface of the coating film to be brought contiguous to the sheath leads to a lessening in the area of the adhesion of the coating film to the sheath, and therefore a lowering in the strength of the adhesion of the coating film to the sheath. Further, on the other hand, the presence of the air bubbles in the surface of the coating film may lead to formation of a collapse (a collapsed portion), and an edge of such a collapsed portion on the surface of the coating film may lead to the occurrence of being stuck at that edge when the surface of the coating film is wiped off. For that reason, the coating film tends to be scraped off during being wiped off, and its slidability is likely to be lowered by the repeating of the wiping off of the coating film surface. Furthermore, the air bubbles disrupt the dense distribution of the fine particles on the surface of the coating film, and greatly affect the irregular state of the coating film surface, and therefore the various properties of the coating film produced by the irregularities on the surface of the coating film.

From these points, as a result of the study to reduce the air bubbles (voids) present in the coating film by suppressing the formation of the air bubbles when the coating film is cured and formed, the present inventors have found out that it is possible to allow the coating film to achieve its slidability, adhesion strength and resistance to being wiped off at a high level and in a well-balanced manner.

The present invention has been made based on the above findings.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described by taking a medical device cable, which is configured to be connectable to a medical device, as one example, and by using the drawings. Note that, in all the drawings for describing the embodiment, the same members are denoted by the same reference characters in principle, and the repeated descriptions thereof will be omitted. Further, hatching may be used even in a plan view to make the drawings easy to understand.

As shown in <FIG>, a medical device cable <NUM> of the present embodiment (hereinafter, also referred to as simply the cable <NUM>) is configured in such a manner that a sheath <NUM> and a coating film <NUM> are in turn stacked over an outer periphery of a cable core <NUM>.

The cable core <NUM> is constituted by laying a plurality of electric wires <NUM>a together and coating an outer periphery of the plurality of electric wires <NUM>a laid together with a shield <NUM>. Examples of the electric wire <NUM>a to be able to be used include: an electric wire composed of a conductor made of a solid wire or a stranded wire such as a pure copper wire or a tin-plated copper wire or the like, and an electrical insulating member covering an outer periphery of that conductor, a coaxial cable, an optical fiber, and the like. As the shield <NUM>, for example, a braided wire or the like can be used.

The sheath <NUM> is formed of an electrical insulating material, and is covering the cable core <NUM>. The electrical insulating material is not particularly limited as long as it is capable to be used in the sheath <NUM>, but examples of the electrical insulating material to be able to be used include: a silicone rubber, a polyethylene, a chlorinated polyethylene, a chloroprene rubber, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and the like. Among them, the silicone rubber or the chloroprene rubber is preferable from the point of view of the chemical resistance and the heat resistance. Note that the electrical insulating material to form the sheath may be added with general compounding agents such as each type of crosslinking agents, crosslinking catalysts, antioxidants, plasticizers, lubricants, fillers, flame retardants, stabilizers, coloring agents and the like.

The coating film <NUM> is covering the sheath <NUM>. The coating film <NUM> is formed from a rubber composition including fine particles and a rubber component, and is configured in such a manner that the fine particles are finely dispersed in the rubber component. A surface of the coating film <NUM> is formed with irregularities derived from the fine particles. The above irregularities on the surface of the coating film <NUM> are able to make small the contact area of the coating film <NUM> when the coating film <NUM> is brought into contact with another member, and are therefore able to make the static friction coefficient of the coating film <NUM> smaller than the static friction coefficient inherent in the rubber component constituting the coating film <NUM>. This coating film <NUM> is capable to make the slidability of the cable <NUM> high as compared with the case where the sheath <NUM> is present at the surface of the cable <NUM>.

The static friction coefficient of the coating film <NUM> is not particularly limited, but is preferably <NUM> or less from the point of view of imparting the desired slidability to the cable <NUM>.

Also, since the fine particles are densely distributed on the surface of the coating film <NUM>, the coating film <NUM> is high in the resistance to being wiped off. Specifically, when the coating film <NUM> is subjected to a testing such that a long fiber non-woven fabric including cotton linters including a disinfecting alcohol (hereinafter, also referred to as "cotton cloth") with a length of <NUM> mm along a wiping direction is brought contiguous to the surface of the coating film at a shearing stress of <NUM> × <NUM>-<NUM> MPa to <NUM> × <NUM>-<NUM> MPa, followed by wiping off the surface of the coating film <NUM> at a speed of <NUM> times/min to <NUM> times/min (<NUM> cycles/min to <NUM> cycles/min) and <NUM>,<NUM> repetitions (<NUM>,<NUM> cycles) thereof for a wiping direction length of <NUM> mm, a difference (an absolute value of a difference) between the static friction coefficients of the coating film before and after the testing can be reduced to not greater than <NUM>, preferably not greater than <NUM>. That is, even when the coating film <NUM> is repeatedly wiped off, its surface irregularities can be maintained, and the slidability produced by the surface irregularities of the coating film <NUM> can be maintained over a long period of time. Here, a "cotton cloth length" is a length of the cotton cloth along the wiping direction, and a "wiping direction length" is a length of a part of the cable sheath on which complete wiping is performed by moving the cotton cloth when the surface of the coating film <NUM> is wiped off with the cotton cloth. The "shearing stress" is a pulling force (a resistance in pulling out) generated when pulling out the cable from the cotton cloth while pressing the cable by the cotton cloth impregnated with the disinfecting alcohol.

An amount of the disinfecting alcohol to impregnate the cotton cloth should be equal to or more than an amount enough for spreading entirely over the cotton cloth. For example, in general, the amount of the disinfecting alcohol to impregnate a surgical gauze is <NUM> ml to <NUM> ml per <NUM> g of the cotton cloth. Since the weight (size) of the cotton cloth depends on an outer diameter of the cable to be wiped off, the weight of the cotton cloth to be used is previously measured and the impregnation amount is adjusted in accordance with the measured weight. For example, when a cable with an outer diameter of <NUM> mm is used, a cotton cloth ("BEMCOT regular type (M-3II)" available from Asahi Kasei Corporation) with a weight of approximately <NUM> g to <NUM> g is required, it is preferable that the cotton cloth is impregnated with an amount of <NUM> ml of the disinfecting alcohol which sufficiently satisfies the above standard.

In addition, in the present embodiment, as will be described in detail later, since the formation of the air bubbles during the curing of the rubber composition is suppressed, the air bubbles (voids) present in the coating film <NUM> can be reduced. For that reason, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the contact area of the sheath <NUM> side surface of the coating film <NUM> due to the air bubbles (voids). This allows the contact area between the overlying coating film <NUM> and the underlying sheath <NUM> to be held large, and the adhesion strength between the overlying coating film <NUM> and the underlying sheath <NUM> to be made higher than when the air bubbles are present in the coating film <NUM>. Specifically, the adhesion strength between the overlying coating film <NUM> and the underlying sheath <NUM> can be set at not lower than <NUM> MPa. Note that the upper limit of the adhesion strength between the underlying sheath <NUM> and the overlying coating film <NUM> is not particularly limited, but, in practice, is on the order of <NUM> MPa.

Further, since the air bubbles can be reduced also in the frontside (upper) surface of the coating film <NUM>, the occurrence of a collapse formation due to the air bubbles can be reduced in the frontside (upper) surface of the coating film <NUM>. Since no fine particles can be present at the collapse formation part of the coating film <NUM>, the occurrence of a collapse formation leads to a lessening in the region of the coating film <NUM> where the fine particles can be distributed. This leads to a lessening in the number of the fine particles distributed on the surface of the coating film <NUM>. That is, the distribution of the fine particles becomes sparse. In addition, since a plurality of the fine particles easily aggregate to form coarse aggregated particles, it is difficult to produce the desired surface irregularities. On the other hand, by reducing the occurrence of a collapse formation, it is possible to increase the number of the fine particles occupying the surface of the coating film <NUM>, or suppress the occurrence of an aggregation of the fine particles, and it is therefore possible to more densely distribute the fine particles on the surface of the coating film <NUM>.

Also, since the fine particles are densely distributed on the surface of the coating film <NUM>, there is little variation in the number of the fine particles by region. Specifically, it is preferable that, when the number of the fine particles per unit area is measured in any plurality of parts of the surface of the coating film <NUM>, a number distribution, which is calculated from a formula (Nmax - Nmin) / (Nmax + Nmin) × <NUM> where Nmax is a maximum value of the number of the fine particles per unit area and Nmin is a minimum value of the number of the fine particles per unit area, is <NUM>% or less. The smaller the number distribution, the smaller the deviation in the number of the fine particles, which indicates that the variation in the distribution of the fine particles is lessened.

In addition, it is preferable that the number of voids, which are formed by the air bubbles, is lessened in the surface of the coating film <NUM>, and it is preferable that substantially no void is present in the surface of the coating film <NUM>. Specifically, when observed with an electron microscope SEM in a condition of a magnification of <NUM> times, the number of voids having a size of not smaller than <NUM> µm present per unit area is preferably not more than <NUM>/<NUM> µm square, and more preferably, substantially no void having a size of <NUM> µm or more is present in the surface of the coating film <NUM>.

On the surface of the coating film <NUM>, the number of collapsed portions present, which are formed by the voids, may be lessened, while the number of projecting portions present, which are formed by the fine particles, may be increased. That is, it is preferable that the surface of the coating film <NUM> has the surface irregularities formed principally from the projecting portions.

The thickness of the coating film <NUM> is not particularly limited, but is preferably not thinner than <NUM> µm and not thicker than <NUM> µm. When the thickness of the coating film <NUM> is set at not thinner than <NUM> µm, the predetermined resistance to being wiped off can be imparted to the coating film <NUM>. Further, when the thickness of the coating film <NUM> is set at not thicker than <NUM> µm, the flexibility or bendability of the cable <NUM> can be held high.

Next, the rubber composition for forming the coating film <NUM> will be described.

The rubber composition is a cured product, which is produced by curing a liquid rubber composition (hereinafter, also referred to as the coating material) including a liquid rubber, fine particles, a curing catalyst, and, if desired, other additives, and the rubber component is configured to include the cured rubber component and the fine particles.

The rubber component is a matrix component constituting the coating film <NUM>. A silicone rubber can be used as the rubber component. There are two types of silicone rubbers: a condensation reaction type silicone rubber and an addition reaction type silicone rubber, depending on curing methods, but among them, the addition reaction type silicone rubber is preferable. The addition reaction type silicone rubber is resistant to producing the air bubbles during curing as compared with the condensation reaction type silicone rubber, and is therefore able to make the distribution of the fine particles in the coating film <NUM> denser.

The addition reaction type silicone rubber is produced by curing a liquid silicone rubber composition by an addition reaction. The liquid silicone rubber composition contains, for example, an organopolysiloxane having a vinyl group (CH<NUM>=CH-) and an organohydrogen polysiloxane having a hydrosilyl group (Si-H). The organopolysiloxane serves as a base polymer for the silicone rubber. The organohydrogen polysiloxane serves as a crosslinking agent for the base polymer. For example, by mixing a platinum catalyst, the organohydrogen polysiloxane undergoes a hydrosilylation reaction between the hydrosilyl group and the vinyl group in the base polymer, thereby crosslinking and curing the base polymer. The organopolysiloxane and the organohydrogen polysiloxane are not particularly limited, but the conv<NUM>ntionally known organopolysiloxane and organohydrogen polysiloxane can be used.

Also, a chloroprene rubber may be used as the rubber component, and the coating film <NUM> may be configured to include the chloroprene rubber.

The fine particles are dispersed in the rubber component to form the projecting portions, which are formed on the surface of the coating film <NUM>. As the fine particles, it is preferable to use at least any fine particles of silicone rubber fine particles, silicone resin fine particles and silica fine particles. The types of the fine particles can be appropriately altered according to the required properties of the coating film <NUM>.

Specifically, it is preferable that the fine particles have a higher hardness than that of the coating film <NUM> from the point of view of maintaining the surface irregularities shape of the coating film <NUM> and ensuring the slidability of the coating film <NUM> when an object is brought into contact with the coating film <NUM>. Specifically, it is preferable that the fine particles have a Shore (durometer A) hardness of not lower than <NUM> times the hardness of the cured product constituting the coating film <NUM>. This is because the higher the hardness of the fine particles, the more resistant the fine particles are to being deformed by the pressing pressure when an object is brought into contact with the surface of the coating film <NUM>, and the more easily the surface irregularities shape of the coating film <NUM> is maintained. Since the hardness becomes high in the order of the silicone rubber, the silicone resin, and the silica, the silica fine particles are preferred from the point of view of the hardness.

On the other hand, from the point of view of uniformly distributing the fine particles on the surface of the coating film <NUM> and forming the desired surface irregularities of the coating film <NUM>, the fine particles are preferably small in mass. This is because if the fine particles are large in mass, the fine particles settle before the coating material is cured to form the coating film <NUM>, so the fine particles become resistant to forming the moderate irregularities on the surface of the coating film <NUM>. In this regard, by making the fine particles small in mass, the settling of the fine particles is suppressed, and the moderate irregularities are easily formed on the surface of the coating film <NUM>. Since the mass becomes large in the order of the silicone rubber, the silicone resin, and the silica, the silicone rubber particles are preferable from the point of view of the mass.

Namely, the silicone resin fine particles are preferable from the point of view of both maintaining the surface irregularities shape of the coating film <NUM> to ensure the slidability of the surface of the coating film <NUM>, and uniformly distributing the fine particles on the surface of the coating film <NUM> to easily form the desired surface irregularities of the coating film <NUM>.

The quantity of the fine particles to be contained in the rubber composition is preferably not lower than <NUM>% by mass and not higher than <NUM>% by mass. By setting the quantity of the fine particles to be contained in the rubber composition at not lower than <NUM>% by mass, it is possible to form the irregularities on the surface of the coating film <NUM>, so it is possible to make the static friction coefficient of the coating film <NUM> small and thereby impart the desired slidability to the surface of the coating film <NUM>. On the other hand, if the quantity of the fine particles to be contained in the rubber composition is excessively large, the strength of the coating film <NUM> may be lowered, but, by setting the quantity of the fine particles to be contained in the rubber composition at not higher than <NUM>% by mass, it is possible to maintain the strength of the coating film <NUM> while obtaining the slidability of the surface of the coating film <NUM>. Note that the quantity of the fine particles to be contained in the rubber composition is calculated on the assumption that the coating material is cured with substantially no decrease in mass, and refers to the proportion of the fine particles to the cured coating film <NUM> (the total of the rubber component and the fine particles). In other words, the content of the fine particles is preferably <NUM>% by mass to <NUM>% by mass of the total of the rubber component and fine particles.

The sizes of the fine particles may be appropriately altered according to the thickness of the coating film <NUM>, and are not particularly limited. From the point of view of forming the desired irregularities on the surface of the coating film <NUM>, the average particle diameter of the fine particles is preferably <NUM> µm or more and <NUM> µm or less. Here, the average particle diameter refers to the one measured by a laser diffraction scattering method. By setting the average particle diameter of the fine particles at not smaller than <NUM> µm, it is easy to form the moderate irregularities on the surface of the coating film <NUM>, so it is possible to make the static friction coefficient of the coating film <NUM> small and thereby make the slidability of the coating film <NUM> higher. Moreover, since the masses of the fine particles can be adjusted to an appropriate magnitude by setting the average particle diameter of the fine particles at not larger than <NUM> µm, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a settling of the fine particles and the occurrence of an uneven coating during coating with the liquid rubber composition.

The curing catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it is capable to promote the addition reaction, but, for example, a platinum or a platinum-based compound may be used as the curing catalyst.

The other additives may be compounded if desired. For example, an organic solvent can be used for the purpose of adjusting the viscosity of the coating material. Examples of the organic solvent to be able to be used include: aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvents such as toluene, xylene and the like, and aliphatic hydrocarbon-based solvents such as n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, isooctane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane and the like. The above organic solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, for example, alcohols such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like, or acetone can be used as the organic solvent.

The viscosity of the coating material is not particularly limited, but is preferably not lower than <NUM> mPa·s and not higher than <NUM> mPa·s from the point of view of densely distributing the fine particles. When the viscosity of the coating material is within the above range, it is possible to appropriately alter the thickness of the coating film <NUM> as well. Note that the viscosity of the coating material is measured at a temperature of <NUM> ± <NUM> degrees C using a tuning fork vibrating viscometer (SV-H, available from A & D Corporation).

Furthermore, for example, it is preferable to add a fumed silica having a smaller particle diameter than those of the fine particles to the rubber composition from the point of view of forming the desired irregularities on the surface of the coating film <NUM>. The fumed silica is produced by burning a raw material silicon chloride at a high temperature, and refers to ultrafine silica particles having an average primary particle diameter of e.g. not smaller than <NUM> nm and not larger than <NUM> nm. The fumed silica is classified into a hydrophilic fumed silica having a silanol group (Si-OH) on its surface and a hydrophobic fumed silica produced by chemically reacting the silanol group on its surface, but both the hydrophilic fumed silica and the hydrophobic fumed silica can be used. The fumed silica is excellent in dispersibility in the coating material and contributes to enhancing the dispersibility of the fine particles in the coating material. As a result, the settling of the fine particles in the coating material can be suppressed, and therefore the desired irregularities can be formed on the surface of the coating film <NUM>.

The quantity of the fumed silica to be contained in the rubber composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably not lower than <NUM>% by mass and <NUM> or less% by mass. Note that, herein, the quantity of the fumed silica to be contained in the rubber composition, is calculated in the same manner as the case of the fine particles, on the assumption that the coating material is cured with substantially no decrease in mass, and refers to the proportion of the fumed silica to <NUM> parts by mass of the cured rubber component.

Next, a method for producing the above-described cable <NUM> will be described.

First, a plurality of (e.g., <NUM> or more) electric wires <NUM>a such as coaxial cables or the like are bundled together. For example, a braided shield is formed as the shield <NUM> to coat the bundle of the plurality of electric wires <NUM>a. This results in the cable core <NUM>.

Next, the sheath material including, for example, the silicone rubber is extruded to coat the surface of the cable core <NUM> to form the sheath <NUM> thereon.

From the viewpoint of increasing the adhesion between the coating film <NUM> and the sheath <NUM>, the invention comprises an infrared absorber added to a material of the sheath. By the addition of the infrared absorber, when the coating film <NUM> is heated by a heater, the sheath <NUM> absorbs more infrared rays and is more easily heated from the side of the sheath <NUM>. Therefore, in the coating of the rubber composition, it is possible to reduce the uneven curing in the thickness direction and accelerate the curing a deep part distant from the surface (i.e. a part closer to the sheath <NUM>). As a result, the adhesion strength between the coating film <NUM> thus obtained and the sheath <NUM> can be further increased. In addition, it is possible to shorten the time for curing the coating of the rubber composition by heating.

The infrared absorber is selected from the group CoO, Fe<NUM>O<NUM>, MnO<NUM>, Cr<NUM>O<NUM>, CuO, NiO, TiO<NUM> (oxidized titanium), and C (carbon).

The content of the infrared absorber is not particularly limited, as long as the performance of the sheath is not significantly deteriorated. From the viewpoint of increasing the adhesion between the coating film <NUM> and the sheath <NUM>, the content of the infrared absorber is preferably <NUM>% by mass or more. Meanwhile, if the content of the infrared absorber is excessively large, the sheath <NUM> will be fragile so that the tear strength may be deteriorated. Therefore, from the viewpoint of maintaining high tear strength, the content of the infrared absorber is preferably <NUM>% by mass or less. Note that the content of the infrared absorber is the proportion of the infrared absorber to <NUM> parts by mass of the sheath material.

Next, the coating material is applied to the surface of the sheath <NUM> to form a coating material layer thereon. The method for applying the coating material is not particularly limited, but may be appropriately selected from, for example, a dipping method, a spray coating method, a roll coating method and the like. Among these, the dipping method is preferred.

The dipping method is designed as the method of forming the coating material layer on the surface of the sheath <NUM> by, e.g., immersing a wire rod formed with the sheath <NUM> thereon in the coating material and pulling up that wire rod. Since the dipping method is capable to make the thickness of the coating material layer uniform, the film thickness of the coating film <NUM> can be formed uniformly in a length direction of the wire rod. In addition, by adjusting the pulling up speed for the cable <NUM>, the distribution of the fine particles in the coating film <NUM> can be more densely controlled. Hereinafter, this point will be described.

In the dipping method, when the cable <NUM> is pulled up from the liquid level of the coating material, the coating material adheres to the surface of the cable <NUM>. When the coating material adheres to the surface of the cable <NUM>, the fine particles may be moving and self-ordering in the coating material layer. This self-ordering allows the fine particles to be densely distributed on the surface of the coating material layer. And, the slower the cable pulling up speed, the more the time to be able to be ensured for the self-ordering of the fine particles, and the more stably the densely distributed state of the fine particles can be reproduced.

Specifically, from the point of view of densely dispersing the fine particles, the pulling up speed for the cable <NUM> is preferably not higher than <NUM> m/min, more preferably not higher than <NUM> m/min. On the other hand, from the point of view of the productivity of the coating film <NUM>, it is preferable to set the pulling up speed for the cable <NUM> at not lower than <NUM> m/min. In other words, by setting the pulling up speed for the cable <NUM> at not lower than <NUM> m/min and not higher than <NUM> m/min, it is possible to make the distribution of the fine particles in the surface of the coating film <NUM> denser while maintaining the productivity of the coating film <NUM>.

Next, the coating material layer is dried and cured by heating to form the coating film <NUM> having the predetermined surface irregularities. The heating temperature is not particularly limited, but may be set at, for example, <NUM> degrees C to <NUM> degrees C.

In heating of the coating, it is preferable to use an infrared heater when the infrared absorber is added to the sheath <NUM>. By heating the coating with the use of the infrared heater, it is possible to accelerate the heating of the sheath <NUM> and to suppress the uneven curing in the thickness direction of the coating film <NUM> to be obtained. As a result, the adhesion strength between the coating film <NUM> and the sheath <NUM> can be further increased. In addition, it is possible to shorten the time for curing the coating until the coating film <NUM>, thereby improve the producibility of the cable <NUM>.

This results in the cable <NUM> of the present embodiment.

As shown in <FIG>, for example, a probe cable <NUM> is configured in such a manner that an ultrasonic probe terminal <NUM> (hereinafter, also referred to as simply a terminal <NUM>) and a protective member <NUM> for protecting that terminal <NUM> are attached to one end of the cable <NUM>, while a connector <NUM> is attached to the other end of the cable <NUM>. The terminal <NUM> is connected to, for example, an ultrasonic probe, while the connector <NUM> is connected to, for example, a main body portion of the ultrasonic imaging device. The protective member <NUM> is a so-called boot, and as shown in <FIG>, is fitted over the coating film <NUM> to cover the coating film <NUM> with an adhesion layer <NUM> therebetween. The adhesion layer <NUM> is formed of, for example, a silicone based adhesive or an epoxy-based adhesive.

According to the present embodiment, one or more of the following advantageous effects are achieved.

For example, as shown in <FIG>, when the coating film <NUM>' is formed of the condensation reaction type silicone rubber, voids <NUM> derived from the air bubbles are formed in the coating film <NUM>'. When these voids <NUM> are present in the surface, collapses <NUM> (collapsed portions <NUM>) are formed. In that coating film <NUM>', when that coating film <NUM>' is wiped off with a cotton cloth, the cotton cloth tends to be stuck at the edges of the openings of the collapses <NUM>. When the cotton cloth is stuck, the coating film <NUM>' is scraped off, and the repetitions of the scraping off of the coating film <NUM>' cause the desorption of the fine particles <NUM> from the coating film <NUM>', and the subsequent gradual removal of the projecting portions <NUM> of the coating film <NUM>'. As a result, the static friction coefficient of the coating film <NUM>' fails to be kept small, and the slidability of the coating film <NUM>' is gradually impaired.

On the other hand, as shown in <FIG>, by suppressing the occurrence of the collapse formation due to the void formation in the surface of the coating film <NUM>, it is possible to increase the number of the projecting portions <NUM> formed by the fine particles <NUM>. This coating film <NUM>, though having the surface irregularities, is resistant to the occurrence of the deep collapse formation, and is therefore able to suppress the occurrence of the cotton cloth being stuck, and keep the static friction coefficient of the coating film <NUM> small even when the coating film <NUM> is repeatedly wiped off. That is, the resistance of the coating film <NUM> to being wiped off can be made higher.

In the above embodiment, the case where the coating film <NUM> is provided on the probe cable <NUM> has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a medical cable other than the probe cable <NUM> (such as an endoscope cable or a connection cable for a catheter) or a cabtire cable or the like can also be provided with the above-described coating film.

Further, although the case where the coating film <NUM> is provided on the surface of the sheath <NUM> of the cable <NUM> has been described, the present invention is not limited to this, but the coating film <NUM> can be applied to a medical hollow tube such as a catheter or the like. Hereinafter, a specific description will be given with reference to the drawings.

<FIG> is a cross-sectional view showing a medical hollow tube <NUM> provided with an outer coating film <NUM> on an outer surface <NUM>a of a hollow tube main body <NUM>. <FIG> is a cross-sectional view showing the medical hollow tube <NUM> provided with an inner coating film <NUM> on an inner surface <NUM>b of the hollow tube main body <NUM>. <FIG> is a cross-sectional view showing the medical hollow tube <NUM> provided with the outer coating film <NUM> and the inner coating film <NUM> on the outer surface 71a and the inner surface <NUM>b, respectively, of the hollow tube main body <NUM>.

The medical hollow tube <NUM> is configured to include a hollow tube main body <NUM>, and an outer coating film <NUM> and/or an inner coating film <NUM> that is covering a circumference (an outer surface <NUM>a or an inner surface <NUM>b or both the outer surface <NUM>a and the inner surface <NUM>b) of the hollow tube main body <NUM>, the coating film adhering to the hollow tube main body <NUM>. The hollow tube main body <NUM> may be formed of, for example, a silicone rubber. The outer coating film <NUM> and/or the inner coating film <NUM> may be configured with the coating film <NUM> described above.

In this medical hollow tube <NUM>, since the outer surface <NUM>a and the inner surface <NUM>b of the hollow tube main body <NUM> are excellent in the slidability, when the medical hollow tube <NUM> is brought into contact with another member, the occurrence of the medical hollow tube <NUM> being stuck can be suppressed, or when a device is inserted into the hollow tube <NUM>, the device can be smoothly inserted therein or removed therefrom.

Further, it is possible to suppress the formation of voids, which are derived from the air bubbles, in the surface of the outer coating film <NUM> and/or the inner coating film <NUM> being contiguous to the hollow tube main body <NUM>. As a result, the area where the outer coating film <NUM> and/or the inner coating film <NUM> is in contact with the hollow tube main body <NUM> can be maintained without being reduced, and the high adhesion strength between the outer coating film <NUM> and/or the inner coating film <NUM> and the hollow tube main body <NUM> can be ensured. More specifically, it is possible to allow the adhesion strength to be not lower than <NUM> MPa.

Next, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

First, laid <NUM> coaxial cables each having a diameter of about <NUM> mm were coated with a braided wire to produce a cable core (the cable core <NUM>). Subsequently, a sheath material was extruded at a rate of <NUM> m/min using an extruder to coat an outer periphery of the cable core, on which was formed a sheath having a thickness of <NUM> mm (cable outer diameter: about <NUM> mm). A silicone rubber ("KE-<NUM>-U" available from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. ) was used as the sheath material.

Subsequently, materials to form a coating film (the coating film <NUM>) were compounded. In Example <NUM>, as a rubber component to compose the coating film, an addition reaction type silicone rubber coating agent (trade name: SILMARK-TM, available from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. ) was prepared, and as fine particles to compose the coating film, silicone resin fine particles having an average particle diameter of <NUM> µm (trade name: X-<NUM>-<NUM>, available from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. ) were prepared. <NUM> parts by mass of the fine particles, <NUM> parts by mass of toluene, which acts as a viscosity adjusting solvent, <NUM> parts by mass of a crosslinking agent (trade name: CAT-TM, available from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. ), and <NUM> parts by mass of a curing catalyst (trade name: CAT-PL-<NUM>, available from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. ) per <NUM> parts by mass of the above rubber component were mixed together to compound a coating solution having a proportion of the silicone resin fine particles to the coating film of <NUM>% by mass. Further, <NUM>% by mass of hydrophobic fumed silica (trade name: AEROSIL®R<NUM>, available from Nippon Aerosil Co. ) was added to the above coating solution. Note that the silicone resin fine particles content of the above-described coating film was calculated on the assumption that the coating agent was cured with substantially no decrease in mass (with the compounding mass ratio remaining substantially unchanged). Note that the composition of the above coating solution is shown in Table <NUM> below.

Subsequently, the surface of the sheath provided on the cable core was cleaned. Thereafter, the cable core provided with the sheath was immersed in the above-described coating solution by the dip coating method to form a coating material layer made of the silicone rubber on the surface of the sheath. In the present embodiment, the pulling up speed for the cable core was set at <NUM> m/min. Thereafter, the coating material layer was subjected to a drying and curing treatment at a temperature of <NUM> degrees C by heating with a heater (infrared heater) for <NUM> minutes to form the coating film having irregularities on its surface. The thickness of the resulting coating film was <NUM> µm.

In Example <NUM>, a coating solution was compounded and a cable was produced in the same manner as in Example <NUM> except that the silicone rubber resin particles content was changed from <NUM> parts by mass to <NUM> parts by mass, and the proportion of the silicone resin fine particles to the coating film was changed to <NUM>% by mass.

In Example <NUM>, a coating solution was compounded and a cable was produced in the same manner as in Example <NUM> except that the fumed silica was not added.

In Example <NUM>, a coating solution was compounded and a cable was produced in the same manner as in Example <NUM> except that TiO<NUM> (the infrared absorber) was added to the sheath material in such a manner that <NUM> part by mass of the infrared absorber is added per <NUM> parts by mass of the sheath material.

In Comparative Example <NUM>, a cable was produced using a condensation reaction type silicone rubber coating agent and silicone resin fine particles having an average particle diameter of <NUM> µm (trade name: X-<NUM>-<NUM>, available from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Note that, as the coating agent, the condensation reaction type silicone rubber coating agent including a vinyl oxime silane and a solvent (toluene, n-heptane) (trade name: X-<NUM>-<NUM>-<NUM>, available from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. ) was used.

In Comparative Example <NUM>, a coating solution was compounded and a cable was produced in the same manner as in Example <NUM> except that the pulling up speed of the cable was increased to be <NUM> m/min.

With respect to each cable produced above, the static friction coefficients of the respective coating film and the respective sheath, the adhesion strength between the respective coating film and the respective sheath, the bending resistance when the protective member was attached, the resistance of the respective coating film to being wiped off, and the surface irregularities of the respective coating film were evaluated. Hereinafter, each measurement method will be described.

First, a cut was made in the length direction in the respective sheath portion with the respective coating film thereon of each cable produced above, and the respective underlying members included in each cable other than the respective sheath with the respective coating film thereon were removed, and the respective sheath with the respective coating film thereon was spread out to produce a respective flat sheet thereof having a length of about <NUM> cm and a width of about <NUM> cm, and a respective <NUM> cm × <NUM> cm square flat sheet thereof. A respective test sheet <NUM> with the respective flat sheet of the respective sheath with the respective coating film thereon having a length of about <NUM> cm and a width of about <NUM> cm produced in the above manner and attached to a flat plate, and a respective sheet <NUM> with the respective <NUM> cm × <NUM> cm square flat sheet of the respective sheath with the respective coating film thereon produced in the above manner and attached to a flat plate were produced. The coated surface of the respective sheet <NUM> was opposed to and brought from above into contact with the coated surface or wiped off coated surface of the respective test sheet <NUM>, and with the flat plate of the respective sheet <NUM> being acted on by a load W of <NUM> N from above, the flat plate of the respective sheet <NUM> was pulled horizontally with a push pull gauge, and the pulling force (frictional force) F for the flat plate of the respective sheet <NUM> was measured. The static friction coefficient, µ, was calculated from F = µW. In the present examples, the static friction coefficient was calculated for each of the respective rubber compositions forming the respective coating films and the respective rubber compositions forming the respective sheaths. Note that, herein, the respective sheets <NUM> and <NUM> were prepared using the cables after the wiping off testing, and their coefficients of the static friction after the wiping off were measured.

The adhesion strength between the underlying sheath and the overlying coating film was measured based on <FIG> and <FIG>. <FIG> is a diagram for explaining a method of producing an evaluation sample used for evaluating the adhesion strength between the underlying sheath and the overlying coating film. <FIG> is a diagram schematically showing a measuring method for measuring the tensile shear strength using the evaluation sample.

Specifically, first, a respective sample cable having a length of <NUM> mm was sampled from each cable produced above. Further, a boot material tube <NUM> (of inner diameter: about <NUM> mm, thickness: <NUM> mm, length: <NUM> mm) was prepared, and a cut (a slit) <NUM>a was made in a length direction of that boot material tube. As shown in <FIG>, an adhesive <NUM> was applied to an outer peripheral surface of one end of the respective sample cable <NUM>. Subsequently, a portion of the one end of the respective sample cable <NUM> was wrapped with the boot material tube <NUM> in such a manner that one section of the cut <NUM>a of the boot material tube <NUM> is joined to another section, to bond the sample cable <NUM> and the boot material tube <NUM> together. Next, the respective underlying members (such as the respective cable core and the like) included in the respective sample cable <NUM> other than the respective sheath with the respective coating film thereon were pulled and removed to produce a respective sheath material tube <NUM> with the boot material tube <NUM> bonded and made integral therewith. Subsequently, a cut was made in the length direction of the respective sheath material tube <NUM> with the boot material tube <NUM> bonded and made integral therewith. At this point of time, the cut was made in the respective sheath material tube <NUM> to be continuous with the cut <NUM>a provided in the boot material tube <NUM>. This resulted in a respective adhesion strength evaluating sample <NUM> as shown in <FIG>. Note that the respective sheath material tube <NUM> and the boot material tube <NUM> were formed using the same silicone rubbers (static friction coefficient: not lower than <NUM>). As the adhesive <NUM>, a commercially available silicone based adhesive KE-<NUM> (available from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. ) was used. The bonding region at this point of time was, for example, <NUM> mm in length × <NUM> mm in outer circumference, and the thickness of the adhesive <NUM> was on the order of <NUM> µm to <NUM> µm. The respective evaluation sample <NUM> produced in this manner was left to stand in the atmosphere at <NUM> degrees C for <NUM> hours.

The adhesion strength between the respective sheath material tube <NUM> and the respective coating film was evaluated by measuring the tensile shear strength using the respective evaluation sample <NUM>. Specifically, as shown in <FIG>, opposite end portions of the sheath material tube <NUM> and the boot material tube <NUM> made integral with each other were gripped and pulled at a speed of <NUM> mm/min, and the tensile shear strength was measured, and the adhesion strength between the sheath material tube <NUM> and the coating film was measured. Note that the gripping positions for the opposite end portions of the sheath material tube <NUM> and the boot material tube <NUM> made integral with each other were adjusted in such a manner that the distance between the gripped opposite end portions of the sheath material tube <NUM> and the boot material tube <NUM> made integral with each other was <NUM> mm. In the present examples, when the adhesion strength was not lower than <NUM> MPa, the adhesion strength was evaluated as the enough adhesion strength.

The bending resistance was evaluated by bonding a boot to one end of each cable <NUM> produced above as a protective member with a silicone based adhesive KE-<NUM> to produce a probe cable, repeatedly bending that probe cable and measuring the adhesion strength of that boot to the cable. The sheath and the boot were made of the same silicone rubber ("KE-<NUM>-U" available from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. A bonding area between the probe cable and the boot was <NUM> mm<NUM> (the size of the bonding region is a longitudinal length of <NUM> mm and an outer circumferential length of <NUM> mm).

Specifically, the evaluation of the bending resistance was made as shown in <FIG> is a diagram schematically illustrating a bending resistance testing for the probe cable (a length of <NUM>). First, a load of <NUM> g was applied to the probe cable <NUM>, and a part of the boot <NUM> attached to the end portion of the probe cable <NUM> was held in such a manner that the probe cable <NUM> was held in the vertical position, and the operation of bending the held part of the boot <NUM> to the right by <NUM> degrees and to the left by <NUM> degrees alternately at a rate of <NUM> times/minute was repeatedly performed. Herein, a series of operations of first holding the held part of the boot <NUM> in the vertical position, then bending it to the left by <NUM> degrees, again returning it to the vertical position, then bending it to the right by <NUM> degrees, and again returning it to the vertical position was counted as one time bending operation. The operation of bending the held part of the boot <NUM> to the right and to the left alternately was repeatedly performed <NUM>,<NUM> times or more in total. In the present examples, when no peeling or fracture of the boot <NUM> occurred in the above bending resistance testing, the bending resistance was determined as good (∘), or when a peeling or fracture of the boot <NUM> occurred in the above bending resistance testing, the bending resistance was determined as poor (×).

The resistance of the coating film <NUM> to being wiped off was evaluated by a testing shown in <FIG> and <NUM>B repeatedly wiping off the surface of the coating film <NUM> with a cotton cloth impregnated with a disinfecting alcohol. <FIG> is a diagram for explaining the wiping off testing method. <FIG> is a diagram for explaining a wiping direction length of the cotton cloth and a wiping off length by moving the cotton cloth. Specifically, first, as shown in <FIG>, a string <NUM> was tied to one end of the cable <NUM> (length <NUM> m), and the string <NUM> was passed around a pulley <NUM> and a guide pulley <NUM>, and was joined to a rotatable rotating circular plate <NUM>. The cable <NUM> was hung and a weight <NUM> of <NUM> g was tied to a lower end portion of the cable <NUM>. This allowed the cable <NUM> to be held to be able to be reciprocated upward and downward in the vertical direction by the rotation of the rotating circular plate <NUM>. Then, a cotton-like gauze cloth (length <NUM> mm along the wiping direction of the cotton cloth) was wrapped around the surface of the coating film <NUM> of the cable <NUM> as a cotton cloth <NUM>. The cotton cloth <NUM> was pre-impregnated with a disinfecting ethanol (including <NUM>% to <NUM>% ethanol). Subsequently, the wrapped cotton cloth <NUM> was held to be covered with wiper holders <NUM> and <NUM> made of a silicone rubber sponge (hereinafter also referred to as "holders <NUM>"), and the holders <NUM> were adjusted in such a manner that the cotton cloth <NUM> is brought contiguous to the surface of the coating film <NUM> at a shearing stress of <NUM> × <NUM>-<NUM> MPa to <NUM> × <NUM>-<NUM> MPa. Subsequently, by reciprocating the cable <NUM> upward and downward relative to the holders <NUM>, the surface of the coating film <NUM> of the cable <NUM> was wiped off with the cotton cloth <NUM> held in the holders <NUM>. In the present examples, as shown in <FIG>, the wiping direction length X of the cotton cloth <NUM> was set at <NUM> mm, the wiping off length Y (moving distance Y) of the cable <NUM> by the cotton cloth <NUM> was set at <NUM> mm, and a one-way moving distance of the cotton cloth <NUM> was set at <NUM> mm. Further, the cable <NUM> was reciprocated <NUM> to <NUM> times per minute, and the wiping off speed for the surface of the coating film <NUM> was set at a speed of <NUM> times/min to <NUM> times/min (<NUM> cycles/min to <NUM> cycles/min). Also, every time the cable <NUM> was reciprocated <NUM> times relative to the cotton cloth <NUM>, the cotton cloth <NUM> was replaced with a new one. In the present examples, the static friction coefficient on the surface of the coating film <NUM> after <NUM>,<NUM> wiping off operations (<NUM>,<NUM> reciprocations) was measured, and the difference (the absolute value of the difference) between the static friction coefficients of the coating film <NUM> before and after the testing, (<static friction coefficient after the testing> - <static friction coefficient before the testing>), was calculated. When the difference (the absolute value of the difference) between the static friction coefficients of the coating film <NUM> before and after the testing was not greater than <NUM>, the cable <NUM> was evaluated as having less damage to the coating film <NUM> due to the wiping off, and was evaluated as excellent in the resistance of the coating film <NUM> to being wiped off. Note that the environmental temperature was set at <NUM> ± <NUM> degrees C, and the environmental humidity was <NUM> ± <NUM>%.

As the cotton cloth <NUM>, "BEMCOT regular type (M-<NUM>II), size <NUM> mm × <NUM> mm, quarter-fold type" available from Asahi Kasei Corporation, which is a long fiber non-woven fabric including cotton linters, was used. A single BEMCOT (folded in four) was unfolded and a piece with a size of <NUM> mm × <NUM> mm was cut out from the cloth with a size of <NUM> mm × <NUM> mm. The cut piece of BEMCOT was entirely and uniformly impregnated with the disinfecting alcohol (approximately <NUM> ml) dropped from a dropper. Next, the cut piece of BEMCOT impregnated with the disinfecting alcohol was wrapped around the cable <NUM> (by approximately <NUM> cycles) in such a manner that a long side of the cut piece of BEMCOT coincides with a circumferential direction of the cable <NUM>. Here, the long side length of the cut piece of BEMCOT was adjusted based on an outer diameter of the cable <NUM> in order to wind the cut piece of BEMCOT around the cable <NUM> by approximately <NUM> cycles.

Further, in the wiping off testing, after the cotton cloth <NUM> has been reciprocated <NUM> times, <NUM> ml of the disinfecting alcohol was supplied as liquid droplet to the cotton cloth <NUM>, for maintaining the impregnation status of the cotton cloth <NUM> with the alcohol. This liquid droplet was made by dropping the disinfecting alcohol by the dropper on an upper end of the cotton cloth <NUM> held by the holders <NUM> along the circumferential direction of the cable <NUM> such that the cotton cloth <NUM> is impregnated with the disinfecting alcohol. Note that the additive amount of the disinfecting alcohol may be determined in order not to dry the cotton cloth due to volatilization at the time of reciprocating the cotton cloth <NUM> for <NUM> times in the wiping off testing. In the present Examples, the additive amount was adjusted to be <NUM> ml.

Further, a force to bring the cotton cloth <NUM> contiguous to the cable <NUM> (the shearing stress) was adjusted as follows. The cotton cloth <NUM> prepared by the above method was wrapped around the cable <NUM> and held to be covered with wiper holders <NUM> and <NUM>. Next, one end of the cable <NUM> held by the holders <NUM> was pulled horizontally by a push pull gauge (push pull scale), and the shearing stress obtained by dividing a force when the cable <NUM> started to move with respect to the holders <NUM> by a surface area of the cable <NUM> covered by the wiper holders <NUM>, <NUM> was adjusted to be within a range of <NUM> × <NUM>-<NUM> MPa to <NUM> × <NUM>-<NUM> MPa. Each of the holders <NUM> was made of the silicone rubber sponge and provided with a recess at a portion contacting the cable <NUM> wrapped with the cotton cloth <NUM>. The recesses of the holders <NUM>, <NUM> were processed to have a cylindrical shape when the holders <NUM>, <NUM> are combined with each other. In the case where the shearing stress was out the predetermined range, the holding force (clamping force) of the wiper holders <NUM>, <NUM> was adjusted by changing the size (diameter) of the recesses of the wiper holders <NUM>, <NUM> (parts for holding the cable <NUM>). Note that the shearing stress was adjusted each time when the cotton cloth <NUM> was changed.

The weight <NUM> is a driving source for moving the cable <NUM> downwardly (free fall) and may be weighted in such a manner that a time required for moving the cotton cloth <NUM> downwardly for <NUM> mm would be <NUM> sec/cycle to <NUM> sec/cycle (<NUM> cycles/min to <NUM> cycles/min). Here, at the time of adjusting the shearing stress, the weight <NUM> was set in such a manner that the gravity to the weight <NUM> would be <NUM> times to <NUM> times of the force when the cable <NUM> starts to move with respect to the wiper holders <NUM>, <NUM> (the product of the shearing stress by the surface area of the cable <NUM> covered by the wiper holders <NUM>, <NUM>).

The surface irregularities of the coating films were evaluated by observing the surfaces of the coating films with an electron microscope, and counting the number of fine particles and the number of voids present per unit area, and calculating the number distribution of the fine particles.

The number of the fine particles and the number of the voids per unit area were calculated by observing the surfaces of the coating films with the electron microscope.

For the number distribution of the fine particles, first, an image of the surface of each of the coating films was photographically recorded at a magnification of <NUM> times, and four regions of <NUM> µm × <NUM> µm on the surface of each of the coating films were optionally selected, the numbers of the fine particles present in each of the four regions were counted, and the number of the fine particles per unit area was calculated. And when, of the numbers of the fine particles present in each of the four regions, the maximum value was denoted by Nmax and the minimum value was denoted by Nmin, the number distribution, which was calculated from the formula ((Nmax - Nmin) / (Nmax + Nmm)) × <NUM>, was calculated. In the present examples, when the calculated numerical value for the number distribution of the fine particles was not more than <NUM>%, the variation in the number of the fine particles was evaluated as small.

Table <NUM> summarizes the evaluation results. As shown in Table <NUM>, in Examples <NUM> to <NUM>, the static friction coefficients of their respective coating films were <NUM> or less, and it was confirmed that their respective coating films were excellent in the slidability. Further, in Examples <NUM> to <NUM>, since the strengths of the adhesion between their respective coating films and their respective sheaths were not lower than <NUM> MPa, and no peeling of the boot occurred even in the bending testing, it was confirmed that the strengths of the adhesion of their respective coating films were high.

Also, in Examples <NUM> to <NUM>, regarding the resistance of their respective coating films to being wiped off, even after their respective coating films were repeatedly wiped off, the static friction coefficients of their respective coating films were not varied significantly as compared to those calculated before the testing, so it was confirmed that the differences between the static friction coefficients of their respective coating films before and after the testing were not greater than <NUM>.

Here, the change in the static friction coefficient of the coating film of Example <NUM> due to the wiping off operations will be specifically described with reference to <FIG> is a diagram showing the changes in the static friction coefficients of the coating films according to the number of times of wiping off, where the horizontal axis represents the number of times of wiping off [times], and the vertical axis represents the static friction coefficient of the coating films. In <FIG>, regarding the changes in the static friction coefficients of the coating films, Example <NUM> was indicated by circular (∘) plotting, Example <NUM> (∘), Example <NUM> was indicated by a square (□) plotting, and Example <NUM> was indicated by a triangle (△) plotting, while Comparative Example <NUM> was indicated by a diamond (◇) plotting, and Comparative Example <NUM> was indicated by a cross (×) plotting, and as a reference example, the static friction coefficients of a coating film made of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was indicated by asterisk (*) plotting. As shown in <FIG>, the static friction coefficient of the coating film of Example <NUM> was <NUM> before the wiping off testing, and was <NUM> after the coating film of Example <NUM> was wiped off <NUM>,<NUM> times, thus it was confirmed that the difference (the absolute value of the difference) between the static friction coefficients of the coating film of Example <NUM> before and after the testing was <NUM>. Further, the static friction coefficient of the coating film of Example <NUM> was <NUM> before the wiping off testing, and was <NUM> after the coating film of Example <NUM> was wiped off <NUM>,<NUM> times, and thus it was confirmed that the difference (the absolute value of the difference) between the static friction coefficients of the coating film of Example <NUM> before and after the testing was <NUM>. The static friction coefficient of the coating film of Example <NUM> was <NUM> before the wiping off testing, and was <NUM> after the coating film of Example <NUM> was wiped off <NUM>,<NUM> times, thus it was confirmed that the difference (the absolute value of the difference) between the static friction coefficients of the coating film of Example <NUM> before and after the testing was <NUM>. The static friction coefficient of the coating film of Example <NUM> was <NUM> before the wiping off testing, and was <NUM> after the coating film of Example <NUM> was wiped off <NUM>,<NUM> times, thus it was confirmed that the difference (the absolute value of the difference) between the static friction coefficients of the coating film of Example <NUM> before and after the testing was <NUM>. That is, it was confirmed that, in Examples <NUM> to <NUM>, even after their respective coating films were wiped off <NUM>,<NUM> times, the static friction coefficients of their respective coating films were not greatly varied, so their respective coating films were able to be kept high in the slidability, and were excellent in the resistance to being wiped off. In addition, it was confirmed that the static friction coefficients of the respective coating films of Examples <NUM> to <NUM> were able to be kept lower than that of the PVC coating film.

On the other hand, in Comparative Example <NUM>, it was confirmed that, although the coating film was excellent in the slidability, not only the adhesion strength between the sheath and the coating film was low but also the resistance of the coating film to being wiped off was low. Specifically, in Comparative Example <NUM>, the adhesion strength between the sheath and the coating film was <NUM> MPa, and the boot was peeled off by the bending testing. As indicated by the square (◇) plotting in <FIG>, the static friction coefficient of the coating film of Comparative Example <NUM> was <NUM> before the wiping off testing, and was <NUM> after the coating film of Comparative Example <NUM> was wiped off <NUM>,<NUM> times, thus the difference (the absolute value of the difference) between the static friction coefficients of the coating film of Comparative Example <NUM> before and after the testing was <NUM>. In Comparative Example <NUM>, the static friction coefficient of the coating film was gradually increased by repeating the wiping off, and the slidability of the coating film was not able to be maintained. That is, it was confirmed that the coating film of Comparative Example <NUM> was poor in the resistance to being wiped off.

In Comparative Example <NUM>, it was confirmed that, although the coating film was excellent in the slidability and the adhesion strength between the sheath and the coating film but also the resistance of the coating film to being wiped off was lower than Examples <NUM> to <NUM>. As indicated by the cross (×) plotting in <FIG>, the static friction coefficient of the coating film of Comparative Example <NUM> was <NUM> before the wiping off testing, and was <NUM> after the coating film of Comparative Example <NUM> was wiped off <NUM>,<NUM> times, thus the difference (the absolute value of the difference) between the static friction coefficients of the coating film of Comparative Example <NUM> before and after the testing was <NUM>. In Comparative Example <NUM>, the static friction coefficient of the coating film was gradually increased by repeating the wiping off, and the slidability of the coating film was not able to be maintained. That is, it was confirmed that the coating film of Comparative Example <NUM> was poor in the resistance to being wiped off in comparison with Examples <NUM> to <NUM>.

This difference in the properties is due to the distribution of the fine particles on the surface of the coating film and the resulting surface irregularities shape. Hereinafter, these points will be described.

For each of the Examples <NUM> to <NUM> and Comparative Examples <NUM> and <NUM>, the surface irregularities and cross section of the coating film before the wiping off testing were checked, and as a result, it was observed that the surfaces of the coating films of the Examples <NUM> to <NUM> and Comparative Examples <NUM> and <NUM> were in states as shown in <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG> respectively. <FIG> is an SEM image showing the surface of the coating film of Example <NUM>. <FIG> is an SEM image showing the cross section of the coating film of Example <NUM>. <FIG> is an SEM image showing the surface of the coating film of Comparative Example <NUM>. <FIG> is an SEM image showing the cross section of the coating film of Comparative Example <NUM>. <FIG> is an SEM image showing a cross section of the coating film of the cable of Example <NUM>. <FIG> is an SEM image showing a coating film surface of a cable of Comparative Example <NUM>. Comparing these figures, it was observed that, in the coating film of Example <NUM>, the fine particles were densely distributed, whereas, in Comparative Example <NUM> and Comparative Example <NUM>, not only the fine particles but also the collapse formations (the portions shown in black in <FIG>) were present. In addition, it was observed that, in the coating film of Comparative Example <NUM>, the air bubbles (voids) were present over a wide range on the surface of the coating film being contiguous to the sheath, whereas, in the coating film of Example <NUM>, the air bubbles (voids) were reduced as compared with Comparative Example <NUM>. In Comparative Example <NUM>, the air bubbles were not observed but the number of the fine particles existing at the surface were low and the distribution thereof was sparse.

As a result of counting the number of the fine particles based on the SEM image, the number of the fine particles in Example <NUM> was <NUM> to <NUM> per <NUM> µm<NUM> area (<NUM> µm square), the number of the fine particles in Example <NUM> was <NUM> to <NUM> per <NUM> µm<NUM> area (<NUM> µm square), the number of the fine particles in Example <NUM> was <NUM> to <NUM> per <NUM> µm<NUM> area (<NUM> µm square), and the number of the fine particles in Example <NUM> was <NUM> to <NUM> per <NUM> µm<NUM> area (<NUM> µm square), whereas the number of the fine particles in Comparative Example <NUM> was <NUM> to <NUM> per <NUM> µm<NUM> area (<NUM> µm square), and the number of the fine particles in Comparative Example <NUM> was <NUM> to <NUM> per <NUM> µm<NUM> area (<NUM> µm square). That is, Examples <NUM> to <NUM> were larger in the number of the distributed fine particles than Comparative Examples <NUM> and <NUM>. Further, in Examples <NUM> to <NUM>, substantially no void having a size of not smaller than <NUM> µm was present, whereas in Comparative Example <NUM>, at least <NUM> voids having a size of not smaller than <NUM> µm were present within the range of <NUM> µm square. Further, as a result of calculating the number distribution of the fine particles from the number of the fine particles in each region, the number distribution of the fine particles was <NUM>% in Example <NUM>, <NUM>% in Example <NUM>, <NUM>% in Example <NUM>, and <NUM>% in Example <NUM>, so the variation in the number distribution of the fine particles was small, namely, not larger than <NUM>% in all the Example <NUM> to <NUM>. On the other hand, the number distribution of the fine particles was <NUM>% in Comparative Example <NUM>, and <NUM>% in Comparative Example <NUM>, so the distribution of the fine particles in the coating film was not uniform, and the variation in the number distribution of the fine particles was large.

Furthermore, as a result of obtaining the surface profiles for the respective coating films of Example <NUM> and Comparative Example <NUM>, results as shown in <FIG> and <FIG> were obtained. <FIG> is a diagram showing the surface profile for the coating film of Example <NUM>. <FIG> is a diagram showing the surface profile for the coating film of Comparative Example <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, in the coating film of Example <NUM>, no collapse formation due to void formation was observed, so it was confirmed that the projecting portions formed by the fine particles were present in larger quantity than the quantity of the collapsed portion due to the collapse formation. On the other hand, in Comparative Example <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>, it was confirmed that the collapsed portions due to the collapse formations were present in large quantity on the surface of the coating film.

The collapses formed in the coating film were caused by the air bubbles formed as a result of a condensation reaction when the condensation reaction type silicone rubber was cured. When the coating film was wiped off with the cotton cloth, the above collapses formed in the coating film caused the cotton cloth to be easily stuck at the edges of the collapses, and therefore the coating film was easily damaged by being wiped off with the cotton cloth. As a result, in Comparative Example <NUM>, the fine particles in the coating film were considered to fall off by the coating film being wiped off, thereby tending to increase the static friction coefficient of the coating film, and failing to maintain the slidability of the coating film over a long period of time. Further, the presence of the voids in the contact surface of the coating film with the underlying sheath was also considered to reduce the contact area between the coating film and the underlying sheath, and thereby lower the adhesion strength therebetween.

In this regard, in the present examples, the use of the addition reaction type silicone rubber allowed suppressing the formation of the air bubbles resulting from the curing of the addition reaction type silicone rubber, and thereby reducing the collapse formation on the surface of the coating film and the void formation in the coating film. In addition, preferably, the self-ordering of the fine particles was promoted by adjusting the pulling up speed for the cable when applying the coating material by the dipping method. According to Example <NUM> and Comparative Example <NUM>, it was found that the distribution variation of the fine particles in the coating film largely changes depending on the pulling up speed for the cable. In Comparative Example <NUM>, the pulling up speed for the cable was excessively increased so that the self-ordering of the fine particles was not promoted and the number of the fine particles was <NUM> to <NUM> per unit area, namely, the distribution of the fine particles was sparse in comparison with Example <NUM> (<NUM> to <NUM> per unit area). Further, it was confirmed that the number distribution of the fine particles was <NUM>%, so that the distribution variation is larger than <NUM>% in Example <NUM>. As a result, it is assumed that the static friction coefficient of the coating film tends to be increased due to the falling out of the fine particles or the like by the wiping off so that the slidability was not maintained in Comparative Example <NUM>.

Further, according to Examples <NUM> and <NUM>, the fine particles can be distributed more densely at the surface of the coating film by adding the fumed silica to the rubber composition. As a result, it is possible to achieve the coating film which is more excellent in the slidability, the adhesion strength between the coating film and the sheath, and the resistance to being wiped off.

Claim 1:
A cable (<NUM>), comprising:
a sheath (<NUM>); and
a coating film (<NUM>) covering a circumference of the sheath, the coating film adhering to the sheath,
wherein an infrared absorber is added to a material of the sheath, said infrared absorber comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of oxidized titanium, cobalt oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, and carbon,
wherein the coating film comprises a rubber composition including a rubber component and fine particles.