Patent Description:
The present disclosure relates generally to systems for providing controlled access to a secure area, and more specifically to electronic access systems and methods utilizing modular components that are interchangeable for modifying, upgrading and retrofitting existing installations.

Electronic access systems are used to control access to secured areas, including but not limited to data centers, research labs, vaults, storage areas, and other types of enclosures. Some systems feature one or more latches, where each latch facilitates the unlocking and locking of a panel, door or other structure that controls access to the secured area. These latches sometimes include built-in user interfaces, or "readers", that receive an input from a user seeking to access the secure area. Depending on the type of input, the input may be converted to a signal and sent to a controller. If the user's input is accepted, the controller will send a signal to unlock each latch.

Latches with built-in readers provide an effective way to control access to a secured area. However, they are not ideal in systems where changes are expected. Security measures are frequently evaluated and changed in response to an event such as a security breach, an improvement in technology, or a change in company policy or procedure. Changes to an existing access system can include changing the type of user input that is acceptable for access to a secured area. If the built-in reader is not designed to receive the newly chosen type of user input, then every latch and reader must be removed and replaced with a different latch and reader that accepts the newly chosen user input. This inflexibility can make it more difficult and costly for companies and agencies to implement changes to their electronic access system.

<CIT> for example describes an electronic door lock for a door having a first side and a second side. The electronic door lock includes a locking mechanism, a credential reader, and a programmable control circuit. The locking mechanism is coupled to the door and is movable between a locked position in which the door is inhibited from opening and an unlocked position in which the door is free to open. The credential reader is coupled to the door and is operable to read a credential. The programmable control circuit is coupled to the door and is operable to move the locking mechanism between the locked position and the unlocked position at least partially in response to the read credential. The programmable control circuit is selectively programmed to move the locking mechanism to a pre-selected either one of the locked position and the unlocked position in response to a failure signal.

The drawbacks of conventional security latches and electronic access systems are resolved in many respects by modular latch systems and methods, and electronic access systems and methods, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Further advantageous embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.

The examples of <FIG>, and <FIG> are not according to the invention and are present for illustration purposes only.

The foregoing summary and the following description will be better understood in conjunction with the non-limiting examples shown in the drawing figures, of which:.

Although the present disclosure describes and illustrates specific embodiments, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited only to the details and arrangements shown. Various modifications may be made to the details and arrangements shown in the present disclosure, and the full range of equivalents, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure describes modular latch systems and methods, and electronic access systems and methods that utilize modular latch systems and methods. Systems and methods of the present disclosure can include one or more latch modules. Systems and methods of the present disclosure can also include one or more reader modules. Reader modules can be releasably engaged, or detachably coupled, to latch modules, and vice versa. In systems and methods that utilize more than one reader module, each reader module can be interchangeable with any other reader module. That is, any latch module coupled to a first reader module can be retrofit with a second reader module which is different from the first reader module. Retrofitting can be carried out by disengaging the first reader module from the latch module, and engaging the second reader module to the latch module. In this way, the reader technology used in the electronic access system can be upgraded or otherwise modified without modifying or replacing the latch.

The term "latch module", as used herein, means a latch that can operate either in a "stand alone mode" or in an "assembled mode". A "stand alone mode", when used in reference to a latch module, is a mode in which the latch module is installed without a reader module detachably coupled to it. An "assembled mode", when used in reference to a latch module, is a mode in which the latch module is installed with a reader module detachably coupled to it.

The term "reader module", as used herein, means a reader that can operate either in a "stand alone mode" or in an "assembled mode". A "stand alone mode", when used in reference to a reader module, is a mode in which the reader module is installed without a latch module detachably coupled to it, such as where the reader module is installed with no attachment, or installed with a cap as will be described. An "assembled mode", when used in reference to a reader module, is a mode in which the reader module is installed with a latch module detachably coupled to it.

Referring to <FIG>, a latch module <NUM> is shown in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. Latch module <NUM> is configured for mounting to a closure that provides access to a secure area. Once installed, latch module <NUM> is operable in two different modes to control access to the secure area. In particular, latch module <NUM> is operable in a locked mode to lock a closure and prevent access to the secure area. Latch module <NUM> is also operable in an unlocked mode to unlock the closure and allow access to the secure area. Latch module <NUM> is further operable to receive an instruction from a controller to switch to one of the locked mode and the unlocked mode in response to the instruction.

Latch module <NUM> includes a handle <NUM> having an elongated body that defines a longitudinal axis <NUM>. Handles in accordance with the present disclosure may take the form of a swing handle or other type of handle which can be manually operated to open and close the closure. Handle <NUM> has a housing portion <NUM> and a handle portion <NUM>. Housing portion <NUM> has a front side <NUM> and a rear side <NUM> opposite the front side. Handle portion <NUM>, which is connected to front side <NUM> of housing portion <NUM>, can be manually operated to open the closure when latch module <NUM> is in the unlocked mode.

A latch arm or pawl <NUM> is rotatably mounted to rear side <NUM> of housing portion <NUM>. Pawl <NUM> is rotatable to a locked position when latch module <NUM> is in the locked mode, and an unlocked position when the latch module is in the unlocked mode. <FIG> shows pawl <NUM> in the locked position. Pawl <NUM> can be rotated ninety degrees from the locked position shown to an unlocked position.

Housing portion <NUM> also has a top portion <NUM> and a bottom portion <NUM> opposite the top portion. Top portion <NUM> defines a latch coupling <NUM>. As will be explained, latch coupling <NUM> is configured to be releasably engaged to one or more different types of reader modules. Latch couplings in accordance with the present disclosure can include a variety of releasable connections. In the present example, latch coupling <NUM> includes a pair of longitudinal channels <NUM>. Each channel <NUM> defines a slot <NUM> that opens toward longitudinal axis <NUM>, such that the slots face one another.

Handle portion <NUM> comprises a lever <NUM> that can be manually operated to open the closure when latch module <NUM> is in the unlocked mode. Levers in accordance with the present disclosure can include a number of optional features and indicia that provide information about the operation of the latch module. In the present example, lever <NUM> has an LED light <NUM> that illuminates to provide a visual indication that power is being supplied to latch module <NUM>.

Latch modules in accordance with the present disclosure can be unlocked in response to instructions received from a controller. In addition, latch modules in accordance with the present disclosure can optionally include one or more backup mechanisms for unlocking the latch modules. For example, latch modules in accordance with the present disclosure can include hasps for securing a standard or customized pad lock to the latch module. In addition, or as an alternative, latch modules in accordance with the present disclosure can include a key-type lock, such as card slot, chip reader, or mechanical lock cylinder, or other type of lock that reads or receives a key card or key. In the present example, lever <NUM> includes a key lock <NUM> on a front face <NUM> of the lever. Key lock <NUM>, which is mechanically connected to pawl <NUM>, is operable to rotate from a locked orientation to an unlocked orientation to move the pawl to the unlocked position. Key lock <NUM> includes a mechanical lock cylinder <NUM> adapted to receive a key to rotate the key lock to the unlocked orientation and thereby move the pawl to the unlocked condition. In this arrangement, key lock <NUM> can be used to unlock latch module <NUM> when the controller or other components of the electronic access system are disabled.

Latch modules in accordance with the present disclosure can be releasably engaged to one or more different reader modules. In addition, reader modules in accordance with the present disclosure can be configured to receive one or more types of user input from a user, and send that input to a controller in the electronic access system.

Referring to <FIG>, a reader module <NUM> in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Reader module <NUM> includes a housing <NUM> having four sidewalls <NUM> and top face <NUM>. Sidewalls <NUM> and top face <NUM> form a hollow enclosure <NUM>. Enclosure <NUM> has a bottom end <NUM> that defines a bottom opening <NUM> opposite top face <NUM>. Enclosure <NUM> also contains an RFID reader <NUM> that is operable to receive data from a user's RFID tag or transponder and send a signal to a controller. In this arrangement, reader module <NUM> requires single-factor authentication for access to a secure area.

Reader modules in accordance with the present invention can have a variety of releasable connections for connecting to a latch module. In the present example, bottom end <NUM> of reader module <NUM> defines a reader coupling <NUM> configured to be releasably engaged to latch coupling <NUM> on latch module <NUM>. Reader coupling <NUM> includes a pair of L-shaped rails <NUM>. Rails <NUM> are configured to mate with and slidably engage channels <NUM> of latch coupling <NUM>. In this arrangement, reader module <NUM> can be coupled to latch module <NUM> by axially aligning rails <NUM> with channels <NUM> and sliding the reader module onto the latch module in a linear sliding motion, as shown and marked by arrow "A" in <FIG>.

To couple reader module <NUM> to latch module <NUM>, the front side of the bottom end <NUM> of reader module <NUM> is placed in proximity to the top edge of the rear side of latch module <NUM>. Rails <NUM> on reader module <NUM> are then aligned with channels <NUM> on latch module <NUM>. Once alignment is confirmed, the bottom end <NUM> of reader module <NUM> is advanced over the top end of latch module <NUM> in a linear motion, with the reader module moving toward the front side of the latch module in a back-to-front or "engagement direction".

To remove reader module <NUM> from latch module <NUM>, the reader module is moved relative to the latch module by linear motion toward the front side of the latch module, i.e. in a direction opposite the engagement direction, referred to as the "disengagement direction". As reader module <NUM> is moved in the disengagement direction relative to latch module <NUM>, rails <NUM> slide along channels <NUM> until the rails exit the ends of the channels, at which point the reader module is removed from latch module.

Reader modules in accordance with the present disclosure may include one or more feedback mechanisms for communicating with a user. Feedback mechanisms in accordance with the present disclosure can be any type of mechanism that provides perceptible feedback, including but not limited to mechanisms that provide visible feedback, like LEDs that emit light of one or more wavelengths, or mechanisms that provide acoustic feedback, like piezoelectric speakers that provide audible beeps or other sounds.

Feedback mechanisms can be configured to communicate various types of information. For example, feedback mechanisms can communicate information about the operating status of the electronic access system, such as confirmation that the system is online, or an alert that the electronic access system is not online. Feedback mechanisms can also communicate information about the input received by the reader. For example, feedback mechanisms can inform a user that their input was recognized or not recognized by the controller.

In the present example, reader module <NUM> includes a feedback mechanism in the form of a "light pipe" assembly <NUM>. Light pipe assembly <NUM> is operable to transmit one or more light signals on the exterior of reader <NUM>, each light signal having different characteristics that distinguish it from other light signals. Light signal characteristics may include, but are not limited to, light duration, color, brightness/intensity, pattern and any combination thereof. Lights that provide signals through patterns may blink, fade, brighten and/or change color in a certain sequence. Each light signal is pre-defined to correspond to a specific operating parameter, condition, or response, providing a message to a user regarding that parameter, condition or response. A list of examples of light signals and corresponding messages is provided below in Table <NUM>.

The light signals and messages listed in Table <NUM> are provided only as examples, and do not represent a complete list of light signals or messages that can be implemented in accordance with the present disclosure. Other light signals and messages can also be communicated to a user. Moreover, the light signals listed in Table <NUM> need not be associated with the corresponding message in Table <NUM>, and vice versa, as other correlations can also be used in accordance with the present disclosure.

Referring to <FIG>, components of reader module <NUM> and light pipe assembly <NUM> are shown in more detail. Reader module <NUM> contains a circuit board <NUM> and a light source <NUM> which may be mounted to or wired to the circuit board. A back plate <NUM> is detachably connected to the rear sidewall <NUM> of housing <NUM> to provide access to circuit board <NUM>. Light source <NUM> can be an LED light or other source of illumination. A light pipe <NUM> is mounted to light source <NUM> to distribute light from the light source to the exterior of housing <NUM>. Light pipe <NUM> includes a clear solid body <NUM> having a main body portion <NUM>. Body <NUM> includes a central extension <NUM> that is curved, and a pair of parallel side extensions <NUM>. Central extension <NUM> has an inlet end <NUM> configured for placement immediately beneath light source <NUM> and receive light from the light source. In this arrangement, light pipe <NUM> transmits light emitted from light source <NUM> on the interior of reader <NUM> to the exterior of reader where it is visible to a user.

Light pipe <NUM> has an "M"-shaped geometry formed by main body portion <NUM>, central extension <NUM> and side extensions <NUM>. With this geometry, light pipe <NUM> is configured for mounting around reader coupling <NUM> and onto the bottom end of reader <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>. Central extension <NUM> and side extensions <NUM> define a pair of symmetrical apertures <NUM>. Apertures <NUM>, which are on opposing sides of central extension <NUM>, are shaped so that side extensions <NUM> fit snugly around rails <NUM>. When light pipe <NUM> is mounted in this position, main body portion <NUM> is exposed on the front side of reader module <NUM>, and side extensions <NUM> are exposed on the left and right sides of the reader module.

Reader module <NUM> is shown with an optional cover or cap <NUM> in <FIG>. Cap <NUM> is configured to be releasably engaged, or detachably coupled, to the reader coupling <NUM> of reader module <NUM> to conceal the reader coupling, while leaving light pipe <NUM> exposed on the exterior of the reader module. Cap <NUM> includes a top end <NUM>, a bottom end <NUM> and sidewalls <NUM> that converge or taper toward one another as the sidewalls extend from the top end to the bottom end. Top end <NUM> includes a cap coupling <NUM> that functions in the same manner or similar manner as latch coupling <NUM> on latch module <NUM>. In particular, cap coupling <NUM> includes a pair of longitudinal channels <NUM>. Each channel <NUM> defines an inwardly-facing slot <NUM>, such that the slots face one another. Channels <NUM> are configured to mate with and slidably engage rails <NUM> of reader coupling <NUM>. In this arrangement, cap <NUM> can be coupled to reader module <NUM> by axially aligning channels <NUM> with rails <NUM> and sliding the cap onto the reader module in a linear sliding motion, as shown and marked by arrow "A" in <FIG>.

As noted previously, latch couplings in accordance with the present disclosure can be configured for releasable engagement with one or more different types of reader modules. Moreover, reader modules in accordance with the present disclosure can utilize one or more different types of user interfaces operable to receive input from a user. Various types of readers can be utilized independently or in combination on reader modules. For example, reader modules in accordance with the present disclosure can feature two different readers operable to receive two different forms of input from a user. These reader modules can be operated with one reader activated, and the other reader disabled, so as to require only single-factor authentication. Alternatively, the reader modules can be operated with both readers activated so as to require two-factor authentication.

Reader modules in accordance with the present disclosure can also feature three, four or more different readers that are operable to receive three or more different forms of input from a user. The number of different readers on a reader module can be selected for a desired level of security, for installations where procedures are expected to change frequently, or other design considerations. For reader modules with two or more readers, the readers can be operated in multiple different modes. In a first mode, for example, only one reader is activated for receiving an input for single-factor authentication. In a second mode, two or more readers are activated for receiving an input. When two or more readers are activated, the controller can be programmed to send a signal to unlock the latch module when at least one of the inputs is cleared (single-factor authentication) or alternatively, when two or more inputs are cleared (multi-factor authentication).

Referring now to <FIG>, a reader module <NUM> in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Reader module <NUM> is identical to reader module <NUM> in many respects. Therefore, the following description of reader module <NUM> will focus on aspects that are different from, or completely absent from, reader module <NUM>, with the understanding that reader module <NUM> can include the other features present on reader module <NUM> but not specifically described.

Reader module <NUM> includes a housing <NUM> having four sidewalls <NUM> and a top face <NUM>. Sidewalls <NUM> and top face <NUM> form a hollow enclosure <NUM>. Enclosure <NUM> has a bottom end <NUM> that defines a bottom opening <NUM> opposite top face <NUM>. Reader module <NUM> contains an RFID reader <NUM> that is operable to receive data from a user's RFID tag or transponder and send a signal to a controller.

Unlike reader module <NUM>, reader module <NUM> features a keypad <NUM> that is operable to receive a typed entry from a user. The term "keypad" is used generically herein to refer to any type of interface that allows a user to enter a passcode. For example, keypads in accordance with the present disclosure can be in the form of a plurality of discrete keys or buttons that project from the exterior of the reader. Alternatively, keypads in accordance with the present disclosure can appear on a touchscreen that contains images representing virtual keys or buttons. Keypads in accordance with the present disclosure can also include any number, arrangement and style of keys or buttons, as well as any type of identifiable indicia for entering passcodes, including but not limited to letters, numbers and symbols that are printed, embossed, etched or otherwise presented on the interface.

In the present example, keypad <NUM> includes a plurality of discrete buttons <NUM> that project from the surface of housing <NUM>. Buttons <NUM> are configured to be depressed individually or in combination to enter a passcode. In this arrangement, RFID reader <NUM> and keypad <NUM> can provide two-factor authentication that requires a user to not only present an approved RFID tag or transponder, but also enter an approved passcode on the keypad in order to gain access to a secure area. Alternatively, reader module <NUM> can be operated in a mode that requires only single-factor authentication. For example, reader module <NUM> can be operated in a mode that grants access to a user if the user either presents an approved an RFID tag or transponder, or enters an approved passcode.

Reader module <NUM> includes a reader coupling <NUM> and light pipe assembly <NUM> with the same features as reader coupling <NUM> and light pipe assembly <NUM>. Reader coupling <NUM> allows reader module <NUM> to be releasably engaged to latch module <NUM> or cap <NUM>. Therefore, reader coupling <NUM> allows reader module <NUM> to be interchangeable with reader module <NUM>. This allows a latch module <NUM> and reader module <NUM>, in either stand-alone or assembled mode, to be retrofitted with reader module <NUM>, in order to upgrade the assembly to two-factor authentication without removing, modifying or replacing the existing latch module. Similarly, a latch module <NUM> and reader module <NUM>, operating in either a stand-alone or assembled mode, can be retrofitted with reader module <NUM> without removing, modifying or replacing the existing latch module.

Referring now to <FIG>, a reader module <NUM> in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Reader module <NUM> is identical to reader module <NUM> in many respects. Therefore, the following description of reader module <NUM> will focus on aspects that are different from, or completely absent from, reader module <NUM>, with the understanding that reader module <NUM> can include the other features present on reader module <NUM> but not specifically described on reader module <NUM>.

Unlike reader module <NUM>, reader module <NUM> features a biometric sensor in the form of a fingerprint scanner <NUM>. Fingerprint scanner <NUM> is operable to scan a user's fingerprint, and send a corresponding signal to a controller. It will be understood that various fingerprint scanner configurations can be utilized in accordance with the present disclosure. It will also be understood that other types of biometric sensors can be used, and are therefore contemplated within the scope of the present disclosure, including but not limited to devices and components for scanning, measuring or detecting a user's handprint, thumbprint, retina, iris, face or other body feature.

In the present example, fingerprint scanner <NUM> includes a rectangular scanner pad <NUM> on top face <NUM> of reader module <NUM>. Housing <NUM> contains a scanner <NUM> beneath scanner pad <NUM> that is operable to scan a user's finger. Scanner <NUM> may be any suitable scanner type, such as an optical scanner or a capacitive scanner. In this arrangement, RFID reader <NUM> and fingerprint scanner <NUM> can provide two-factor authentication that requires a user to not only present an approved RFID tag or transponder, but also scan an approved fingerprint in order to gain access to a secure area. As with reader module <NUM>, reader module <NUM> can be operated in a mode that requires only single-factor authentication. For example, reader module <NUM> can be operated in a mode that grants access to a user if the user either presents an approved an RFID tag or transponder, or scans an approved fingerprint.

Reader module <NUM> includes a reader coupling <NUM> and light pipe assembly <NUM> with the same features as reader coupling <NUM> and light pipe assembly <NUM>, respectively. Reader coupling <NUM> allows reader module <NUM> to be releasably engaged to latch module <NUM> or cap <NUM>. Therefore, reader coupling <NUM> allows reader module <NUM> to be interchangeable with reader module <NUM> and reader module <NUM>. This allows a latch module <NUM> and reader module <NUM>, operating in either a stand-alone or assembled mode, to be retrofitted with reader module <NUM> to upgrade or modify the assembly without removing and replacing the existing latch module. Similarly, it allows a latch module <NUM> and reader module <NUM>, operating in either a stand-alone or assembled mode, to be retrofitted with reader module <NUM> to upgrade or modify the assembly without removing and replacing the existing latch module. Moreover, an existing assembly featuring a latch module <NUM> and reader module <NUM>, operating in either a stand-alone or assembled mode, can be retrofitted with either reader module <NUM> or reader module <NUM>, without removing and replacing the existing latch module.

In summary, reader modules <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> are configured to detachably couple to latch module <NUM> in the same way, providing the ability to retrofit an installed latch module with any of the three reader modules. <FIG> schematically illustrates the interchangeability of reader modules <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> on latch module <NUM>. This interchangeability allows a user to select and use one of three possible combinations of latch modules and reader modules. <FIG> and <FIG> illustrate a first assembly 600A featuring latch module <NUM> and reader module <NUM>. <FIG> and <FIG> illustrate a second assembly 600B featuring latch module <NUM> and reader module <NUM>. <FIG> and <FIG> illustrate a third assembly 600C featuring latch module <NUM> and reader module <NUM>.

In addition to having detachable couplings (e.g. sliding connections or other connections that can be manually engaged and disengaged, with or without tools), reader modules and latch modules in accordance with the present disclosure can also be electronically connected in a number of ways. For example, reader modules can include one or more male plugs that plug into one or more female sockets on latch modules, or vice versa. In addition, or as an alternative, reader modules can be wired to latch modules. In the examples shown in <FIG>, reader modules <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> are each connectable to latch module <NUM> with a wire connection, as schematically represented by wires <NUM>.

Reader modules in accordance with the present disclosure can have configurations that are different from those shown in <FIG>. Different configurations that are contemplated in the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, different types of reader couplings, readers/interfaces, light pipe assemblies, body geometries, and other aspects. Therefore, other combinations and assemblies of latch modules and reader modules are contemplated in accordance with the present disclosure.

Electronic access systems and methods in accordance with the present disclosure can be configured and customized in numerous ways. Systems and methods may be designed to control access through one or more doors, panels or closures (referred to generally as "access points"). Where a secured area has only one access point, it may be sufficient to install one latch module and one reader module. In such a case, the modularity of the latch module and reader module provides flexibility for the manner in which the modules are installed and operated. For example, the latch module and reader module can be installed at the access point in an assembled mode, as exemplified by the examples shown in <FIG>. Alternatively, the latch module can be installed by itself at the access point in a stand-alone mode, and the reader module can be installed in a separate location in a stand-alone mode. In either scenario, the latch module and reader module are both in electronic communication with a controller and can perform their respective functions.

Where there is more than one access point, it may necessary to install a latch module and reader module at each access point. Alternatively, it may be sufficient to install a latch module and reader module together at only one of the access points, and install latch modules in stand-alone modes without reader modules at the remaining access points. In the latter scenario, user input received from the reader module can be used to unlock all of the latch modules.

<FIG> illustrates one possible system <NUM> in accordance with the present disclosure. System <NUM> is installed in a secured area that has three access points A, B and C. A latch module <NUM> is installed at each of access points A, B and C. A reader module <NUM> is also installed, but only at access point A. Reader module <NUM> is operable to receive data from a user's RFID tag or transponder, and send a signal to a controller <NUM>. Controller <NUM> can be implemented in the form of a computer processor, including but not limited to a desktop computer with software programmed to read data from the reader and send instructions to one or more latch modules. If the RFID tag or transponder is approved, controller <NUM> sends a signal to unlock each of the latch modules <NUM> at access points A, B and C. Components of systems in accordance with the present disclosure can be networked and communicate in a variety of ways. In the present example, controller <NUM> sends an output signal to reader module <NUM>, which in turn sends signals to each latch module <NUM> with instructions to unlock.

Latch modules and reader modules shown and described herein have a number of aesthetic and ornamental features that are not dictated by function or purpose. These aesthetic and ornamental features, which can be varied and changed without affecting the function or purpose of the latch modules and reader modules, include but are not limited to, the shape, color, surface texture, relative dimensions, opacity, transparency, translucency, and light intensity, where applicable, of the latch module alone, the reader module alone, the latch module and reader module when assembled, the light pipe, the ends of the lever on the latch module, the exterior taper of the latch module immediately beneath the light pipe, the top face and sidewalls of the reader module, the position of the light pipe on the reader module, and the position of the light pipe relative to the latch module.

Claim 1:
A modular latch system for use in an electronic access system to provide controlled access to a secure area, the modular latch system comprising:
a reader (<NUM>) operable to communicate electronically with a controller of the electronic assess system, the reader (<NUM>) comprising at least one user interface operable to receive at least one input from a user, and to communicate the at least one input to the controller, the reader comprising a bottom end (<NUM>) having a rear side; and
a latch (<NUM>) separate from and independently operable with respect to the reader (<NUM>), the latch (<NUM>) being configured for mounting to a closure that provides access to the secure area, and the latch (<NUM>) being configured to be releasably engaged to the reader (<NUM>), the latch (<NUM>) including a moveable handle (<NUM>) and a pawl (<NUM>), the latch (<NUM>) also including a front side having a top edge;
wherein the modular latch system is configured for releasable engagement of the reader (<NUM>) to the latch (<NUM>), disengagement of the reader (<NUM>) from the latch (<NUM>), and releasable engagement of an alternate reader (<NUM>) to the latch (<NUM>) for retrofit of the reader (<NUM>) with the alternate reader (<NUM>),
characterised in that
the reader comprises a reader coupling (<NUM>) including a pair of L-shaped rails (<NUM>) and the latch comprises a latch coupling (<NUM>), where the rails (<NUM>) are configured to mate with and slidably engage channels (<NUM>) of latch coupling (<NUM>), wherein the reader (<NUM>) is configured to be engaged and disengaged to/from the latch (<NUM>) by placing the front side of the bottom end (<NUM>) of the reader (<NUM>) in proximity to the top edge of the rear side of the latch (<NUM>), and axially aligning the reader coupling (<NUM>) with the latch coupling (<NUM>) for sliding the reader onto the latch in a linear sliding motion.