Patent Description:
For authenticity determination to determine whether an article is an authentic product supplied from a registered manufacturer, an identification medium which cannot be easily reproduced is sometimes attached to the surface of an article. As one of materials used for such an identification medium, a material having cholesteric regularity (hereinafter, sometimes appropriately referred to as a "cholesteric material") is known.

A cholesteric material usually has a circularly polarized light separation function. The "circularly polarized light separation function" refers to a function of allowing one of clockwise circularly polarized light and counterclockwise circularly polarized light to pass therethrough and of reflecting a part or the entirety of the other. Reflection of the circularly polarized light by a cholesteric material take place with the chirality thereof being maintained.

Accordingly, the identification medium containing such a cholesteric material gives different images appearing when observed through a clockwise circular polarizing plate and when observed through a counterclockwise circular polarizing plate. Therefore, the difference between the images can be used for authenticity determination (see Patent Literatures <NUM> and <NUM>). Patent Literatures <NUM> to <NUM> disclose other such identification media and authenticity determination tools.

In prior art techniques, observation for the aforementioned authenticity determination has been performed using a viewer that includes a clockwise circular polarizing plate and a counterclockwise circular polarizing plate. Specifically, a viewer including clockwise and counterclockwise circular polarizing plates in a separate manner like lenses for a pair of glasses has been generally used. However, the viewer separately including the clockwise and counterclockwise circular polarizing plates is large in size because it requires an area of two circular polarizing plates. Thus, such a viewer has room for improving in its ease of handling.

A prior-art circular polarizing plate used in viewers is generally produced by bonding a linear polarizer and a phase difference film together. One limitation for a circular polarizing plate made in this way is that the optical axes of the linear polarizer and the phase difference film are required to be adjusted when they are bonded together. Specifically, the directions of the transmission axis of the linear polarizer and the slow axis of the phase difference film are required to be adjusted to form a particular angle. Such a limitation tends to increase the difficulty level of the production of a circular polarizing plate. For example, in a method of producing a circular polarizing plate by bonding a long-length linear polarizer and a long-length phase difference film together via a roll-to-roll process, there are many elements to be controlled for achieving the adjustment of optical axes, and thus the producing method may be complicated.

The present invention has been made in view of the aforementioned problems, and has as its object to provide: a viewer which can be reduced in size and easily produced, and a method for producing the viewer; a method for determining authenticity of an identification medium using the viewer; and a set for authenticity determination including the viewer.

The present inventor intensively conducted research for solving the aforementioned problems. As a result, the present inventor has found that the aforementioned problems can be solved by a viewer which includes a polarized light separation layer containing a layer of a cholesteric material, and a phase difference layer disposed on one side of this polarized light separation layer. Thus, the present invention has been accomplished. That is, the present invention includes the following.

According to the present invention, there can be provided: a viewer which can be reduced in size and easily produced, and a method for producing the viewer; a method for determining authenticity of an identification medium using the viewer; and a set for authenticity determination including the viewer.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments and examples. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments and examples described hereinafter.

In the following description, an angle formed between optical axes (transmission axis, slow axis, etc.) of a linear polarizer and a phase difference layer represents an angle when it is viewed from the thickness direction thereof, unless otherwise specified.

In the following description, a "polarizing plate" and a "wave plate" include not only a rigid member but also a flexible member such as a resin film, unless otherwise specified.

In the following description, an in-plane retardation Re of a certain layer is a value represented by Re = (nx - ny) × d unless otherwise specified. Herein, nx represents a refractive index in a direction in which the maximum refractive index is given among directions (in-plane directions) perpendicular to the thickness direction of the layer, ny represents a refractive index in a direction, among the above-mentioned in-plane directions of the layer, perpendicular to the direction giving nx, and d represents the thickness of the layer.

In the following description, a direction of an element being "parallel", "perpendicular" or "orthogonal" may allow an error within the range of not impairing the advantageous effects of the present invention, for example, within a range of ±<NUM>° unless otherwise specified.

<FIG> is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a viewer <NUM> for authenticity determination according to an embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated in <FIG>, the viewer <NUM> for authenticity determination as an embodiment of the present invention includes a polarized light separation layer <NUM> and a phase difference layer <NUM> disposed on one side of this polarized light separation layer <NUM>.

The phase difference layer <NUM> may be disposed on one side of the polarized light separation layer <NUM> either directly or indirectly. Herein, "directly" indicates that no other layer exists between the phase difference layer <NUM> and the polarized light separation layer <NUM>. Also, "indirectly" indicates that another layer exists between the phase difference layer <NUM> and the polarized light separation layer <NUM>.

The polarized light separation layer contains a layer of a cholesteric material. A cholesteric material is a material that contains molecules having cholesteric regularity. The cholesteric regularity is a structure in which the angle of molecular axes in stacking planes in the material are shifted (twisted) as the planes are observed sequentially passing through the stacked planes, such that molecular axes in a certain first plane are oriented in a certain direction, molecular axes in a subsequent plane stacking on the first plane are oriented in a direction shifted by a small angle with respected to that of the first plane, and molecular axes in still another plane are oriented in a direction of a further shifted angle. That is, when molecules inside a layer of a certain material have cholesteric regularity, molecular axes of the molecules on a first plane inside the layer are aligned along a constant direction. On the subsequent second plane stacking on the first plane inside the layer, a direction of molecular axes is shifted by a slight angle from the direction of the molecular axes on the first plane. On the subsequent third plane further stacking on the second plane, a direction of molecular axes is further shifted by an angle from the direction of the molecular axes on the second plane. In this manner, on the planes disposed in a stacking manner, the angles of the molecular axes on these planes are sequentially shifted (twisted). The structure in which the directions of the molecular axes are twisted in this manner is usually a helical structure and is an optically chiral structure.

A layer of a cholesteric material generally has a circularly polarized light separation function. That is, this layer can allow one of clockwise circularly polarized light and counterclockwise circularly polarized light to pass therethrough and reflect a part or the entirety of the other. Reflection of the circularly polarized light by the layer of the cholesteric material take place with the chirality thereof being maintained. Hereinafter, a wavelength range in which the aforementioned circularly polarized light separation function is exerted may be referred to as a "reflection wavelength region".

Since the polarized light separation layer contains the layer of the cholesteric material, the polarized light separation layer has the aforementioned circularly polarized light separation function. Therefore, the polarized light separation layer of the viewer has a reflection wavelength region. From the viewpoint of clarifying a difference between images observed at the time of authenticity determination to facilitate the determination, the polarized light separation layer preferably has a high reflectivity in the reflection wavelength region. Specifically, the polarized light separation layer has a reflection wavelength region in which a reflectivity is <NUM>% or more with respect to incident unpolarized light. In the following description, a reflection wavelength region in which the polarized light separation layer has a reflectivity of <NUM>% or more with respect to incident unpolarized light may be referred to as a "viewer reflection region".

A wavelength at which a layer of a cholesteric material exerts a circularly polarized light separation function generally depends on the pitch of the helical structure in the layer of the cholesteric material. The pitch of the helical structure is a distance in a plane normal direction, from the start of gradual shifting of the direction of molecular axes with an angle in the helical structure as proceeding through planes, to the return to the original direction of molecular axes. This pitch of the helical structure can be adjusted to control a wavelength at which a circularly polarized light separation function is exerted. Therefore, the viewer reflection region of the polarized light separation layer containing the layer of the cholesteric material can be adjusted by adjusting the pitch of the helical structure of a cholesteric material contained in the polarized light separation layer. An example of a method for adjusting the pitch may include a method disclosed in <CIT>. A specific example thereof may include a method of adjusting the type or amount of a chiral agent in a cholesteric liquid crystal composition. In particular, when the pitch of the helical structure continuously varies within a layer, a single layer of a cholesteric material can provide a circularly polarized light separation function over a wide range of wavelength.

Since the viewer is used for observing an identification medium, the specific viewer reflection region of the polarized light separation layer is preferably set depending on the reflection wavelength region of a reflective material contained in the identification medium. Hereinafter, this point will be described in detail.

Since the reflective material of the identification medium contains the layer of the cholesteric material, the reflective material generally has a reflection wavelength region in which a circularly polarized light separation function can be exerted. From the viewpoint of clarifying a difference between images observed at the time of authenticity determination to facilitate the determination, the reflective material is often formed such that a high reflectivity is achieved in the reflection wavelength region. Therefore, the reflective material can have a reflection wavelength region in which a reflectivity is <NUM>% or more with respect to incident unpolarized light. In the following description, a reflection wavelength region in which a reflective material of an identification medium has a reflectivity of <NUM>% or more with respect to incident unpolarized light may be referred to as a "medium reflection region". In this case, the viewer reflection region of the polarized light separation layer preferably at least partly overlaps the medium reflection region of the reflective material. Therefore, a minimum wavelength λvmin of a viewer reflection region λv, a maximum wavelength λvmax of the viewer reflection region λv, a minimum wavelength λamin of a medium reflection region λa, and a maximum wavelength λamax of a medium reflection region λa preferably satisfy the following formulae (<NUM>) and (<NUM>). <MAT> <MAT>.

The wavelength width (hereinafter, sometimes appropriately referred to as an "overlapping wavelength width") of a wavelength range in which the viewer reflection region of the polarized light separation layer and the medium reflection region of the reflective material overlap with each other preferably has a particular size. Specifically, the overlapping wavelength width is preferably <NUM> or more and more preferably <NUM> or more. When the overlapping wavelength width is equal to or more than the lower limit value, a difference between images observed at the time of authenticity determination can be clarified to facilitate the determination of authenticity. The upper limit of the overlapping wavelength width can be, but not particularly limited to, for example, <NUM>.

<FIG> is a schematic view illustrating, with number lines, the relationship between the viewer reflection region λv of the polarized light separation layer and the medium reflection region λa of the reflective material in an example. In the example illustrated in <FIG>, the minimum wavelength λvmin of the viewer reflection region λv of the polarized light separation layer is larger than the minimum wavelength λamin of the medium reflection region λa of the reflective material (that is, λamin < λvmin); and the maximum wavelength λvmax of the viewer reflection region λv of the polarized light separation layer is smaller than the maximum wavelength λamax of the medium reflection region λa of the reflective material (that is, λvmax < λamax). In this example, the overlapping wavelength width λw is usually expressed by λvmax - λvmin. Therefore, in a case of this example, λvmax - λvmin preferably has the aforementioned particular size.

<FIG> is a schematic view illustrating, with number lines, the relationship between the viewer reflection region λv of the polarized light separation layer and the medium reflection region λa of the reflective material in another example. In the example illustrated in <FIG>, the minimum wavelength λvmin of the viewer reflection region λv of the polarized light separation layer is equal to or smaller than the minimum wavelength λamin of the medium reflection region λa of the reflective material (that is, λvmin ≤ λamin); and the maximum wavelength λvmax of the viewer reflection region λv of the polarized light separation layer is equal to or larger than the minimum wavelength λamin and smaller than the maximum wavelength λamax of the medium reflection region λa of the reflective material (that is, λamin ≤ λvmax < λamax). In this example, the overlapping wavelength width λw is usually expressed by λvmax - λamin. Therefore, in a case of this example, λvmax - λamin preferably has the aforementioned particular size.

<FIG> is a schematic view illustrating, with number lines, the relationship between the viewer reflection region λv of the polarized light separation layer and the medium reflection region λa of the reflective material in still another example. In the example illustrated in <FIG>, the minimum wavelength λvmin of the viewer reflection region λv of the polarized light separation layer is equal to or smaller than the minimum wavelength λamin of the medium reflection region λa of the reflective material (that is λvmin ≤ λamin); and the maximum wavelength λvmax of the viewer reflection region λv of the polarized light separation layer is equal to or larger than the maximum wavelength λamax of the medium reflection region λa of the reflective material (that is, λamax ≤ λvmax). In this example, the overlapping wavelength width λw is usually expressed by λamax - λamin. Therefore, in a case of this example, λamax - λamin preferably has the aforementioned particular size.

<FIG> is a schematic view illustrating, with number lines, the relationship between the viewer reflection region λv of the polarized light separation layer and the medium reflection region λa of the reflective material in still another example. In the example shown in <FIG>, the minimum wavelength λvmin of the viewer reflection region λv of the polarized light separation layer is larger than the minimum wavelength λamin of the medium reflection region λa of the reflective material and is equal to or smaller than the maximum wavelength λamax (that is, λamin < λvmin ≤ λamax); and the maximum wavelength λvmax of the viewer reflection region λv of the polarized light separation layer is equal to or larger than the maximum wavelength λamax of the medium reflection region λa of the reflective material (that is, λamax ≤ λvmax). In this example, the overlapping wavelength width λw is usually expressed by λamax - λvmin. Therefore, in a case of this example, λamax - λvmin preferably has the aforementioned particular size.

Among the aforementioned examples, as illustrated in <FIG>, a part or all of the viewer reflection region λv of the polarized light separation layer, and all of the medium reflection region λa of the reflective material preferably overlap with each other. Therefore, a minimum wavelength λvmin of a viewer reflection region λv, a maximum wavelength λvmax of the viewer reflection region λv, a minimum wavelength λvmin of a medium reflection region λa, and a maximum wavelength λamax of a medium reflection region λa preferably satisfy the following formulas (<NUM>) and (<NUM>). In this case, a difference between the images observed at the time of authenticity determination can be particularly clarified. <MAT> <MAT>.

The width of the viewer reflection region of the polarized light separation layer is preferably <NUM> or more, more preferably <NUM> or more, further preferably <NUM> or more, and particularly preferably <NUM> or more. A viewer including a polarized light separation layer having a wide viewer reflection region can accommodate a wide range of a medium reflection region. Thus the flexibility of the color of the reflective material can be enhanced. Therefore, such a viewer can be used for a variety of identification media for authenticity determination. Furthermore, a viewer including a polarized light separation layer having a wide viewer reflection region can clarify a difference between images observed at the time of authenticity determination. The upper limit of the width of the viewer reflection region of the polarized light separation layer may be, but not particularly limited to, for example, <NUM> or less.

The viewer reflection region of the polarized light separation layer can be found by measuring the reflectivity when unpolarized light enters the polarized light separation layer, using a ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer ("UV-Vis <NUM>" manufactured by JASCO Corporation).

Examples of the polarized light separation layer having a wide viewer reflection region as described above may include (i) a layer including the layer of the cholesteric material in which the size of the pitch of the helical structure is changed in a stepwise manner, and (ii) a layer including the layer of the cholesteric material in which the size of the pitch of the helical structure is changed continuously.

The layer of the cholesteric material included in the polarized light separation layer may be one layer or two or more layers. The number of the layers of a cholesteric material included in the polarized light separation layer is preferably <NUM> to <NUM>, and more preferably <NUM> to <NUM> from the viewpoint of facilitating the production.

The layer of the cholesteric material may be obtained by, for example, a method involving providing a layer of a cholesteric liquid crystal composition on a suitable substrate, and curing the layer to obtain the layer of the cholesteric material. For convenience, a material referred to as a "liquid crystal composition" encompasses not only a mixture of two or more substances but also a material consisting only of a single substance. The cholesteric liquid crystal composition refers to a composition capable of exhibiting a liquid crystal phase (cholesteric liquid crystal phase) in which a liquid crystal compound has cholesteric regularity when a liquid crystal compound contained in the liquid crystal composition is oriented.

As the cholesteric liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound and further containing an optional component, as necessary, can be used. Examples of the liquid crystal compounds may include a liquid crystal compound which is a macromolecular compound, and a polymerizable liquid crystal compound. In order to obtain a high thermal stability, a polymerizable liquid crystal compound is preferably used. When the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is polymerized in a state where the cholesteric regularity is exhibited, a layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition can be cured to obtain the layer of the non-liquid crystal cholesteric material that has been cured while exhibiting cholesteric regularity. As the cholesteric liquid crystal composition, for example, those described in International Publication No. <CIT> can be used.

As the substrate, an optional member having a flat support surface capable of supporting the layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition can be used. As such a substrate, a resin film is usually used. Further, in order to promote the orientation of the liquid crystal compound in the layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition, the support surface of the substrate may be subjected to a treatment for imparting an orientation regulating force. Herein, the orientation regulating force of a certain surface refers to the property of the surface that can orient the liquid crystal compound in the cholesteric liquid crystal composition. Examples of the foregoing treatments for imparting an orientation regulating force to the support surface may include a rubbing treatment, an orientation film forming treatment, a stretching treatment, and an ion beam orientation treatment.

Usually, a cholesteric liquid crystal composition is applied onto a support surface of a substrate to provide the layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition. Examples of the applying methods may include a curtain coating method, an extrusion coating method, a roll coating method, a spin coating method, a dip coating method, a bar coating method, a spray coating method, a slide coating method, a print coating method, a gravure coating method, a die coating method, a gap coating method, and a dipping method.

After the layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition is provided, the layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition may be subjected to an orientation treatment, if necessary. The orientation treatment is usually performed by warming the layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition to a particular orientation temperature. By performing such an orientation treatment, a liquid crystal compound contained in the cholesteric liquid crystal composition is oriented to obtain a state in which cholesteric regularity is exhibited. The orientation temperatures are specifically adjusted depending on the composition of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition, and may range, for example, from <NUM> to <NUM>. The treatment time of the orientation treatment may be, for example, from <NUM> minutes to <NUM> minutes.

The orientation of the liquid crystal compound contained in the cholesteric liquid crystal composition may be achieved immediately by applying the cholesteric liquid crystal composition. Therefore, the orientation treatment may not necessarily be applied to the layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition.

After the liquid crystal compound has been oriented, the layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition is cured to obtain the layer of the cholesteric material. In this step, polymerizable components such as a polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the cholesteric liquid crystal composition is usually polymerized to cure the layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition. As the polymerization method, a method adapted to the properties of the components contained in the cholesteric liquid crystal composition may be selected. Examples of the polymerization method may include a method of irradiating active energy rays, and a thermal polymerization method. Among these, a method of irradiating active energy rays is preferable because the polymerization reaction is allowed to proceed at room temperature. Herein, the active energy rays to be irradiated may include light such as visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light, and optional energy rays such as an electron beam. When the layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition is cured by irradiation of active energy rays, the intensity of the active energy rays irradiated may be, for example, <NUM> mJ/cm<NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM> mJ/cm<NUM>.

Furthermore, after the liquid crystal compound has been oriented and before the layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition is cured, the layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition may be subjected to a band broadening treatment. Such a band broadening treatment can be performed by, for example, a combination of an active energy ray irradiation treatment and a warming treatment both performed once or more. The irradiation treatment in the band broadening treatment can be performed by, for example, irradiating with light having a wavelength of <NUM> to <NUM> for <NUM> second to <NUM> minutes. In the irradiation treatment, the energy of irradiation light may be, for example, <NUM> mJ/cm<NUM> to <NUM> mJ/cm<NUM>. The heating treatment can be performed by heating to a temperature of, for example, preferably <NUM> or higher and more preferably <NUM> or higher, and preferably <NUM> or lower and more preferably <NUM> or lower. In this heating treatment, the heating time may be preferably <NUM> second or more, and more preferably <NUM> seconds or more, and usually <NUM> minutes or less, and preferably <NUM> seconds or less. When such a band broadening treatment is performed, the size of the pitch of the helical structure can be continuously changed in a significant manner to obtain a wide reflection wavelength region.

The aforementioned irradiation with active energy ray may be performed in the air. The step may be partly or entirely performed in an atmosphere in which the oxygen concentration is controlled (for example, under a nitrogen atmosphere).

The aforementioned step of applying and curing the cholesteric liquid crystal composition is not limited to once, and the applying and curing may be repeated a plurality of times. Accordingly, a thick cholesteric material layer containing two or more layers is obtained.

In the aforementioned production method, the twist direction of cholesteric regularity can be appropriately selected depending on the structure of a used chiral agent. For example, when the twist is to be in the clockwise direction, a cholesteric liquid crystal composition containing a chiral agent that imparts dextrorotation is used. When the twist direction is to be the counterclockwise direction, a cholesteric liquid crystal composition containing a chiral agent that imparts levorotation is used.

As the layer of the cholesteric material, those described in, for example, <CIT>, and <CIT> may be referred to.

The polarized light separation layer may include an optional layer in combination with the layer of the cholesteric material described above. Examples of the optional layers may include a tackiness agent layer and an adhesive layer for bonding the layers of the cholesteric material together.

The thickness of the polarized light separation layer is preferably <NUM> or more, and more preferably <NUM> or more, and is preferably <NUM> or less, and more preferably <NUM> or less. When the thickness of the polarized light separation layer is equal to or more than the lower limit value of the aforementioned range, the reflectivity of the polarized light separation layer can be increased, so that the difference in the image observed at the time of the authenticity determination can be particularly clarified. On the other hand, when the thickness of the polarized light separation layer is equal to or less than the upper limit value of the aforementioned range, transparency of the viewer can be enhanced.

The phase difference layer is a layer which is disposed on one side of the polarized light separation layer and has an in-plane retardation having a particular range. The range of the in-plane retardation of the phase difference layer is preferably set such that the polarization state of circularly polarized light reflected by the reflective material of the identification medium can be changed to a degree that authenticity determination is possible in wavelengths of light used in authenticity determination. The aforementioned "wavelengths of light used in authenticity determination" specifically denotes wavelengths of the medium reflection region of the reflective material contained in an identification medium to be observed through the viewer.

Among these, the specific in-plane retardation of the phase difference layer is preferably set so that the phase difference layer can function as a half-wave plate in the medium reflection region of the reflective material included in the identification medium. As to the preferable specific ranges, the in-plane retardation of the phase difference layer at the center wavelength λc = (λamax + λamin)/<NUM> of the medium reflection region is preferably (λc/<NUM> - <NUM>) or more and (λc/<NUM> + <NUM>) or less, more preferably (λc/<NUM> - <NUM>) or more and (λc/<NUM> + <NUM>) or less, and further preferably (λc/<NUM> - <NUM>) or more and (λc/<NUM> + <NUM>) or less.

In a particularly preferable embodiment, the in-plane retardation of the phase difference layer at a measurement wavelength of <NUM> is preferably <NUM> or more, and more preferably <NUM> or more, and is preferably <NUM> or less, and more preferably <NUM> or less. A phase difference layer having an in-plane retardation falling within the range described above at a measurement wavelength of <NUM> is usually capable of functioning as a half-wave plate in the visible wavelength region. Use of such a phase difference layer can easily achieve a viewer that can be used in the visible wavelength range.

The phase difference layer preferably has a reverse wavelength dispersion property. Herein, the reverse wavelength dispersion property means that the in-plane retardation Re(<NUM>) and Re(<NUM>) at the measurement wavelengths of <NUM> and <NUM>, respectively, satisfy the following formula (<NUM>).

A phase difference layer with a reverse wavelength dispersion property can exert its optical function in a wide wavelength range. Therefore, use of the phase difference layer with a reverse wavelength dispersion property can achieve a viewer that can be used in a wide wavelength range.

The phase difference layer usually has a slow axis in the in-plane direction of the phase difference layer. There is no limitation in the slow axis direction of the phase difference layer. It is possible to determine the authenticity of the identification medium even when the slow axis of the phase difference layer is in any direction.

As the phase difference layer, for example, a stretched film may be used. A stretched film is a film obtained by stretching a resin film, and an optional in-plane retardation can be obtained by appropriately adjusting elements such as the types of resin, the stretching conditions, and the thickness.

As the resin, a thermoplastic resin is usually used. This thermoplastic resin may contain a polymer and, if necessary, an optional component. Examples of the polymer may include polycarbonate, polyether sulfone, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polymethyl methacrylate, polysulfone, polyarylate, polyethylene, polyphenylene ether, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, and an alicyclic structure-containing polymer. As the polymer, one type thereof may be solely used, and two or more types thereof may be used in combination at any ratio. Among these, an alicyclic structure-containing polymer is suitable from the viewpoint of transparency, low hygroscopicity, size stability, and processability. The alicyclic structure-containing polymer is a polymer having an alicyclic structure in a main chain and/or a side chain, and, for example, those described in <CIT> can be used.

A stretched film as a phase difference layer can be produced by producing a resin film from the resin described above and then subjecting the resin film to a stretching treatment.

Examples of the method for producing a resin film may include a cast molding method, an inflation molding method, and an extrusion molding method, among which an extrusion molding method is preferable.

The stretching treatment can be performed by, for example, a roll method, a float method, or a tenter method. The stretching treatment may be a stretching (lateral stretching) in the width direction of the resin film, a stretching (longitudinal stretching) in the length direction, a stretching in an oblique direction which is neither the width direction nor the length direction, or a combination thereof.

The stretching temperature and the stretching ratio may be optionally set within a range in which a desired in-plane retardation can be obtained. As to the specific ranges, the stretching temperature is preferably equal to or higher than Tg - <NUM>, and more preferably equal to or higher than Tg - <NUM>, and is preferably equal to or lower than Tg + <NUM>, and more preferably equal to or lower than Tg + <NUM>. The stretching ratio is preferably <NUM> times or more, more preferably <NUM> times or more, and particularly preferably <NUM> times or more, and is preferably <NUM> times or less, more preferably <NUM> times or less, and particularly preferably <NUM> times or less. Herein, Tg represents a glass transition temperature of a resin.

The thickness of the stretched film is not particularly limited, and is preferably <NUM> or more, more preferably <NUM> or more, and particularly preferably <NUM> or more, and is preferably <NUM> or less, more preferably <NUM> or less, and particularly preferably <NUM> or less.

As the phase difference layer, for example, a liquid crystal cured layer can be used. A liquid crystal cured layer is a layer formed of a cured product of a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound. Usually, a liquid crystal cured layer is obtained by forming a layer of a liquid crystal composition, orienting molecules of the liquid crystal compound contained in the layer of the liquid crystal composition, and then curing the layer of the liquid crystal composition. In this liquid crystal cured layer, an optional in-plane retardation can be obtained by appropriately adjusting elements such as the type of the liquid crystal compound, the orientation state of the liquid crystal compound, and the thickness.

Although the type of the liquid crystal compound is freely selected, it is preferable to use a liquid crystal compound with a reverse wavelength dispersion property when it is preferable to obtain a phase difference layer with a reverse wavelength dispersion property. The liquid crystal compound with a reverse wavelength dispersion property means a liquid crystal compound which exhibits a reverse wavelength dispersion property when homogeneously oriented. The homogeneous orientation of a liquid crystal compound means that a layer containing the liquid crystal compound is formed, and a direction giving the maximum refractive index in the refractive index ellipsoid of the molecule of the liquid crystal compound in the layer is oriented in one direction parallel to the surface of the layer. Specific examples of the liquid crystal compound with a reverse wavelength dispersion property may include compounds described in, for example, International Publication No. <CIT> and International Publication No. <CIT>.

The thickness of the liquid crystal cured layer is not particularly limited, and is preferably <NUM> or more, and more preferably <NUM> or more, and is preferably <NUM> or less, more preferably <NUM> or less, and particularly preferably <NUM> or less.

With the aforementioned viewer according to an embodiment, it is possible to choose one of clockwise circularly polarized light and counterclockwise circularly polarized light as the circularly polarized light to be blocked in the viewer by selecting the direction of the light passing through the viewer. Therefore, authenticity of an identification medium that contains a reflective material containing a layer of a cholesteric material can be determined by using this viewer. Authenticity of an identification medium is usually determined by a method including: a step of observing an identification medium through the viewer while the polarized light separation layer and the phase difference layer are disposed in this order from the identification medium side to obtain a first observation image; a step of observing the identification medium through the viewer while the phase difference layer and the polarized light separation layer are disposed in this order from the identification medium side to obtain a second observation image; and a step of determining the authenticity of the identification medium on the basis of the first observation image and the second observation image. Herein, "observation through the viewer" includes observation through both the polarized light separation layer and the phase difference layer of the viewer. Hereinafter, such a method for determining authenticity of an identification medium will be described by illustrating examples.

<FIG> and <FIG> are each a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an article <NUM> obtained by forming, on an object <NUM>, an identification medium <NUM> as a printed layer which contains a reflective material <NUM> as a pigment containing the layer of the cholesteric material. Although various absorptions and reflections of light may occur other than those described below in an actual article, the main path of light will be schematically described in the following description for convenience of the explanation of operations. <FIG> and <FIG> illustrate an example in which a phase difference layer <NUM> of a viewer <NUM> functions as a half-wave plate.

In the method illustrated in this example, the viewer <NUM> is placed over the identification medium <NUM> of the article <NUM>, and the identification medium <NUM> is observed through the viewer <NUM>, as illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>. Usually, a plurality of such observations are carried out while changing the front-rear direction of the viewer <NUM>. Specifically, the observation is performed in the orientation of the following (i) and the orientation of the following (ii).

When such observation is performed, circularly polarized light in light L irradiating the viewer <NUM> is partly (specifically, circularly polarized light in the viewer reflection region) is reflected, and the remainder passes through the polarized light separation layer <NUM> and the phase difference layer <NUM> to become transmitted light LT. In the observation in one orientation of the aforementioned (i) and (ii), the transmitted light LT may contain light LR which can be reflected by the reflective material <NUM> contained in the identification medium <NUM>. Therefore, the light LR can be reflected by the reflective material <NUM> of the identification medium <NUM> and pass through the polarized light separation layer <NUM> and the phase difference layer <NUM> again to be visually recognized. Herein, the reflection may occur not only on the surface of the reflective material <NUM> but also inside the reflective material <NUM>. However, in <FIG>, the reflection is schematically illustrated as occurring on the surface of the reflective material <NUM>. Accordingly, an image displayed by the reflective material <NUM> appears in the visually recognized observation image. On the other hand, in the observation in the other orientation of the aforementioned (i) and (ii), the transmitted light LT does not contain light LR which can be reflected by the reflective material <NUM>. Therefore, the reflection of the transmitted light LT by the reflective material <NUM> does not occur. Accordingly, an image displayed by the reflective material <NUM> does not appear in the visually recognized observation image. Thus, according to this observation, an observation image observed in the orientation of the aforementioned (i) and an observation image observed in the orientation of (ii) differ from each other. Therefore, when the aforementioned difference between the observation images is obtained through the observation with the viewer <NUM>, it can be determined that the identification medium <NUM> is authentic and that the article <NUM> containing the identification medium <NUM> is also authentic. When this difference between observation images is not obtained, it can be determined that the article is non-authentic.

As another example, the identification medium <NUM> may be observed through the viewer <NUM> while the identification medium <NUM> is irradiated with light containing light LR which can be reflected by the reflective material <NUM>. When a plurality of such observations are carried out while changing the front-rear directions of the viewer <NUM>, authenticity determination can also be performed on the basis of the observed observation images in the same manner as described above. Specifically, observation may be performed in the orientation of the following (iii) and the orientation of the following (iv).

In such observation, according to an observation in one orientation of the aforementioned (iii) and (iv), reflection light LR from the reflective material <NUM> can pass through the polarized light separation layer <NUM> and the phase difference layer <NUM>, and therefore, an image displayed by the reflective material <NUM> appears in the visually recognized observation image. On the other hand, according to an observation in the other orientation of the aforementioned (iii) and (iv), reflection light LR from the reflective material <NUM> is blocked by the polarized light separation layer <NUM> and the phase difference layer <NUM>, and therefore, an image displayed by the reflective material <NUM> does not appear in the visually recognized observation image. Thus, according to this observation, an observation image observed in the orientation of the aforementioned (iii) and an observation image observed in the orientation of (iv) differ from each other. Therefore, when the aforementioned difference between the observation images is obtained through the observation with the viewer <NUM>, it can be determined that the identification medium <NUM> is authentic and that the article <NUM> containing the identification medium <NUM> is also authentic. When such a difference between observation images is not obtained, it can be determined that the article is non-authentic.

In the aforementioned description, the viewer <NUM> capable of allowing to pass therethrough or blocking the entirety of light LR which can be reflected by the reflective material <NUM> has been illustrated as an example. However, the viewer <NUM> capable of allowing to pass therethrou or blocking a part of light LR which can be reflected by the reflective material <NUM> can be used to determine authenticity as long as such authenticity determination is possible.

As previously described, with the viewer <NUM> according to the present embodiment, it is possible to choose one of clockwise circularly polarized light and counterclockwise circularly polarized light as the circularly polarized light to be blocked by selecting the front-rear direction. Accordingly, unlike a prior-art viewer which separately includes a clockwise circular polarizing plate and a counterclockwise circular polarizing plate, the viewer <NUM> is usable with an area for one circular polarizing plate and therefore can be reduced in size. Furthermore, since the size can be reduced, the handling property can be improved.

In the present embodiment, blocking of clockwise circularly polarized light and blocking of counterclockwise circularly polarized light are not performed by separate circular polarizing plates like prior art techniques but by a common viewer. Therefore, it is difficult to tamper with a viewer such that a non-authentic article appears authentic, and the reliability of authenticity determination can be enhanced.

The viewer according to the present embodiment can be produced by, for example, a production method including bonding a polarized light separation layer and a phase difference layer together. Since the orientation of the slow axis of the phase difference layer in the viewer is optional, the optical axis does not need to be adjusted between the polarized light separation layer and the phase difference layer in the aforementioned bonding. Therefore, the viewer according to the present embodiment can be easily produced.

The advantage of not needing to adjust the optical axes is especially useful when the polarized light separation layer and the phase difference layer are bonded together via a roll-to-roll process. In general, bonding in a roll-to roll process is carried out by bonding long-length films together, thus the degree of difficulty in adjusting the optical axes is high. In contrast to this, regarding to the viewer of the present embodiment, since the optical axes do not need to be adjusted, a long-length polarized light separation layer and a long-length phase difference layer can be bonded together simply by allowing their long-length directions to coincide with each other. Thus, the elements to be controlled in bonding are reduced, thereby simplifying the production method.

Although an embodiment of the present invention has been described, the present invention may be modified from the aforementioned embodiment for implementation.

For example, the viewer may include, other than the circularly polarized light separation layer and the phase difference layer, an optional element. Examples of the optional element may include a tackiness agent layer, an adhesive agent layer, and a hardcoat layer.

Furthermore, the viewer may include, as an optional element, for example, a support to support the circularly polarized light separation layer and the phase difference layer. <FIG> and <FIG> are each a plane view schematically illustrating an example of a viewer <NUM> including a support <NUM>. <FIG> illustrates a state when one side of the viewer <NUM> is seen, and <FIG> illustrates a state when a side opposite to the one side of the viewer <NUM> is seen.

As illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the viewer <NUM> may include, as an optional component, the support <NUM>. Usually, a light transmission portion <NUM> capable of allowing light to pass therethrough is formed in the support <NUM>, and the polarized light separation layer <NUM> and the phase difference layer <NUM> are disposed to this light transmission portion <NUM>. <FIG> and <FIG> illustrate an example of the viewer <NUM> including, as the support <NUM>, a plate-shape member in which a window-shape opening is formed as the light transmission portion <NUM>. As such a plate-shape member, a member containing an optional material such as resin, wood, paper, and metal may be used. Since the viewer <NUM> including the support <NUM> can be handled while the support <NUM> is gripped, scratches on the polarized light separation layer <NUM> and the phase difference layer <NUM> can be suppressed.

On the support <NUM>, a description regarding the viewer <NUM> may be displayed. For example, a description on how an identification medium appears through the viewer <NUM> may be displayed on the support <NUM>. As a specific example, a first description (for example, a describing section <NUM> with a figure, and a describing section <NUM> with a letter), which indicates that an image formed by reflection light by a reflective material contained in an identification medium can be visually recognized, may be displayed on a part of the support <NUM>, as illustrated in <FIG>. This first description may be displayed on one side of the support <NUM>. Furthermore, a second description (for example, a describing section <NUM> with a figure, and a describing section <NUM> with a letter), which indicates that an image formed by reflection light by a reflective material contained in an identification medium cannot be visually recognized, may be displayed on another part of the support <NUM>, as illustrated in <FIG>. This second description may be displayed on the other side of the support <NUM>. When the support <NUM> displaying such a description is adopted, a user can easily understand how to use the viewer <NUM>.

Furthermore, for example, the viewer may include, as an optional element, a furniture for fixing the viewer to an optional article. Examples of the furniture may include a string, a pin, and a clip. A method for disposing a furniture to the viewer is optional. For example, a furniture may be disposed by bonding to the polarized light separation layer, the phase difference layer, or the support. For example, a furniture may be disposed by stapling to the polarized light separation layer, the phase difference layer, or the support. For example, a furniture may be disposed by forming a hole to the polarized light separation layer, the phase difference layer, or the support and drawing a furniture such as a string through this hole. With such a furniture, the viewer can be fixed to an object to which an identification medium is formed. Therefore, a combination of an object and a viewer can be sold, which can promote the distribution of a viewer in the market.

The identification medium observed through the viewer includes a reflective material. The reflective material includes the layer of the cholesteric material. Since the reflective material includes the layer of the cholesteric material, it may have a circularly polarized light separation function. The reflective material preferably has a reflection wavelength region in which unpolarized light can be reflected at a high reflectivity. In particular, the reflective material preferably has a medium reflection region as a reflection wavelength region in which unpolarized light can be reflected at a reflectivity of <NUM>% or more. The specific range and wavelength width of the medium reflection region are optional, and may be optionally set depending on the design of the identification medium.

The form of the identification medium is optional.

For example, the identification medium may be the layer itself of the reflective material. Such an identification medium can be disposed, on the surface of an article, as a layer of a reflective material having a desired planar shape.

For example, the identification medium may be a layer of a composition containing a particulate reflective material. Such an identification medium can be disposed by applying a liquid composition containing a particulate reflective material onto the surface of an article and then curing the composition. A specific example thereof may include preparing a paint containing a particulate reflective material as a pigment and using this paint to print a marking as an identification medium on an article. The particulate reflective material may be produced by, for example, a method disclosed in <CIT>.

For example, the identification medium may include an appropriate sheet and a layer of a reflective material or a layer of a composition containing a reflective material formed on this sheet. Specific examples of such an identification medium may include labels and stickers.

An article as an object to which the identification medium is to be attached is not limited, and a variety of articles can be adopted. Examples of these articles may include, but are not limited to, cloth products such as clothing; leather products such as bags and shoes; metal products such as screws; paper products such as price tags; rubber products such as tires; plastic containers for food; glass containers for food; plastic containers for medicine; and glass containers for medicine.

The aforementioned identification medium and viewer may be combined as a set for authenticity determination. Since the identification medium and viewer can be appropriately combined to perform the method for determining authenticity as previously described, it is preferable to produce, distribute, and use a set in which the identification medium and viewer are appropriately combined.

For example, both the viewer and the identification medium may be attached to an object of authenticity determination. In this case, the set for authenticity determination includes the object, the viewer, and the identification medium. A specific example thereof may be a set including an object such as clothing and a bag, an identification medium sewn as a woven label on the object, and a viewer attached like a price tag to the object. Another specific example may be a set including an object, and an identification medium and a viewer each attached like a price tag to this object. As still another specific example, when an object of authenticity determination is placed in a box, a viewer may exist inside the box or fixed outside the box.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by illustrating Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the Examples described below. The present invention may be optionally modified for implementation without departing from the scope of claims of the present invention.

In the following description, "%" and "part" representing quantity are on the basis of weight, unless otherwise specified. The operation described below was performed under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure in the atmosphere, unless otherwise specified.

A substrate film was removed from a multilayer film to obtain a cholesteric material layer. The reflectivity, when unpolarized light (wavelength <NUM> to <NUM>) entered this cholesteric material layer, was measured using a ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer ("UV-Vis <NUM>" manufactured by JASCO Corporation).

The in-plane retardation was measured using a phase difference meter ("Axoscan" manufactured by Axometrics Inc.

A photopolymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the following formula (X1), a photopolymerizable non-liquid crystal compound represented by the following formula (X2), a chiral agent ("LC756" manufactured by BASF Co. ), a photopolymerization initiator ("Irgacure OXEO2" manufactured by Ciba Japan Co. ), a surfactant ("Futergent 209F" manufactured by Neos Corporation), and cyclopentanone as a solvent were mixed in amounts shown in the following Table <NUM> to prepare a liquid crystal composition. <CHM>
<CHM>.

As a substrate film, a long-length polyethylene terephthalate film ("A4100" manufactured by Toyobo Co. ; thickness <NUM>) having an isotropic in-plane refractive index was prepared. This substrate film was mounted on a feeding area of a film conveyor. While the substrate film was conveyed in the long-length direction, the following operation was performed.

The surface of the substrate film was subjected to a rubbing treatment in a long-length direction that is parallel to the conveyance direction. Next, onto the rubbing treated surface of the substrate film, the liquid crystal composition was applied using a die coater to form a layer of the liquid crystal composition. This layer of the liquid crystal composition was subjected to an orientation treatment of heating at <NUM> for <NUM> minutes. After that, the layer of the liquid crystal composition was subjected to a band broadening treatment. This band broadening treatment involved a primary ultraviolet irradiation treatment of irradiating the layer of the liquid crystal composition with ultraviolet light at <NUM> mJ/cm<NUM> for <NUM> minute, a primary warming treatment of warming the layer of the liquid crystal composition to <NUM> for <NUM> minute, a secondary ultraviolet irradiation treatment of irradiating the layer of the liquid crystal composition with ultraviolet light at <NUM> mJ/cm<NUM> for <NUM> minute, and a secondary warming treatment of warming to <NUM> for <NUM> minute, in this order. After that, the layer of the liquid crystal composition was irradiated with ultraviolet light at <NUM> mJ/cm<NUM> to cure the layer of the liquid crystal composition. Accordingly, a multilayer film including the substrate film and a cholesteric material layer was obtained. The reflectivity of the cholesteric material layer of this multilayer film was measured by the aforementioned method. The measurement results of reflectivity are illustrated in <FIG>.

[Production Examples <NUM> to <NUM>: Production of blue, green, and red cholesteric material layers].

The amounts of the liquid crystal compound, the non-liquid crystal compound, the chiral agent, the photopolymerization initiator, the surfactant, and the solvent were changed as shown in the following Table <NUM>. The band broadening treatment was not performed. Except for these matters, the same operation as that of Production Example <NUM> was performed to produce a multilayer film including a cholesteric material layer and to measure the reflectivity of the cholesteric material layer of the multilayer film. The measurement results of reflectivity are illustrated in <FIG>.

There was prepared a resin film ("ZEONOR film" manufactured by ZEON Corporation; film produced by extrusion molding; unstretched product) containing a norbornene-based polymer as an alicyclic structure-containing polymer. This resin film was stretched in one direction at a stretching temperature of <NUM> with the stretching ratio shown in Table <NUM> to obtain a phase difference film having the in-plane retardation Re and the thickness shown in the following Table <NUM>.

A liquid crystal composition was prepared by the same operation as that of Example <NUM> in <CIT>. That is, into a mixed solvent of <NUM> parts of <NUM>,<NUM>-dioxolane and <NUM> parts of cyclopentanone, <NUM> parts of a liquid crystal compound represented by the following formula (X3), <NUM> part of a liquid crystal compounds represented by the following formula (X4), <NUM> parts of a photopolymerization initiator ("Irgacure OXE02" manufactured by BASF Co. ), and <NUM> parts of a <NUM>% cyclopentanone solution of a surfactant ("Futargent <NUM>" manufactured by Neos corporation) were dissolved. This solution was filtered through a disposable filter having a pore diameter of <NUM> to obtain a liquid crystal composition. <CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

As a substrate film, a polyethylene terephthalate film was prepared. The surface of this substrate film was subjected to a rubbing treatment. After that, onto the rubbing treated surface of the substrate film, the liquid crystal composition was applied using a die coater to form a layer of the liquid crystal composition. This layer of the liquid crystal composition was subjected to an orientation treatment of heated at <NUM> for <NUM> minutes. After that, the layer of the liquid crystal composition was irradiated with ultraviolet light at <NUM> mJ/cm<NUM> to cure the layer of the liquid crystal composition. Accordingly, there was obtained a multilayer phase difference film having a substrate film and a phase difference layer (thickness: <NUM>, in-plane retardation at a measurement wavelength of <NUM>: <NUM>).

For the obtained phase difference layer, the in-plane retardations Re(<NUM>) and Re(<NUM>) at measurement wavelengths of <NUM> and <NUM> were measured. The result satisfied Re(<NUM>) < Re(<NUM>). As confirmed from this result, the phase difference layer produced in Production Example <NUM> has a reverse wavelength dispersion property.

The cholesteric material layer of the multilayer film produced in Production Example <NUM> and the phase difference film produced in Production Example <NUM> were bonded together through a tackiness agent. As the tackiness agent, there was used a "LUCIACS CS9621T" transparent tackiness tape manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation (thickness: <NUM>, visible light transmittance: <NUM>% or more, in-plane retardation: <NUM> or less). After that, the substrate film of the multilayer film was removed to obtain a viewer having the layer configuration of cholesteric material layer (polarized light separation layer) / tackiness agent / phase difference film.

The cholesteric material layer was peeled from the multilayer film produced in Production Example <NUM> and pulverized to obtain a cholesteric pigment as a flake-shape reflective material. Ten parts of this cholesteric pigment was mixed with <NUM> parts of a screen ink ("No. <NUM> medium" manufactured by Jujo Chemical Co. ) and <NUM> parts of a diluent (Tetron standard solvent) exclusive for the screen ink to obtain a paint. With this paint, letters were printed on a black sheet and dried to form a letter layer. Accordingly, there was obtained an identification medium including the black sheet and the letter layer which is formed on the black sheet and contains the cholesteric pigment.

The viewer was placed over the identification medium. Then, the identification medium was observed through the viewer to obtain a first observation image.

After that, the viewer was turned over. This viewer that had been turned over was placed over the identification medium again. Then, the identification medium was observed through the viewer to obtain a second observation image.

The aforementioned observation was performed by five subjects. From the observation results of these five subjects, determination at three levels was performed in accordance with the following criteria.

"Excellent": All of five subjects answered that "The first observation image is invisible. " and "The second observation image is visible.

"Good": All of five subjects answered that "The first observation image appears magenta color. " and "The second observation image appears silver color.

"Fair": Three subjects answered that "The first observation image is visible. ", and two subjects answered that "The first observation image is invisible. " All of five subjects answered that "The second observation image is visible. " Three subjects who answered that "The first observation image is visible" answered that a difference in appearance between the first observation image and the second observation image is seen.

In the abovementioned step of (Production of identification medium), a flake-shape cholesteric pigment, which was produced by pulverizing the cholesteric material layer peeled from the multilayer film produced in Production Example <NUM>, was used instead of the cholesteric pigment produced from the cholesteric material layer of the multilayer film produced in Production Example <NUM>.

In the same manner as that of Example <NUM> except for the aforementioned matter, a viewer and an identification medium were produced and authenticity was determined.

In the abovementioned step of (Production of viewer), the phase difference film produced in Production Example <NUM> was used instead of the phase difference film produced in Production Example <NUM>.

In the same manner as that of Example <NUM> except for the aforementioned matter, a viewer and an identification medium were produced and authenticity was determined.

In the same manner as that of Example <NUM> except for the aforementioned matters, a viewer and an identification medium were produced and authenticity was determined.

In the abovementioned step of (Production of identification medium), a cholesteric material layer peeled from the multilayer film produced in Production Example <NUM> was pulverized to obtain a flake-shape cholesteric pigment, and a cholesteric material layer peeled from the multilayer film produced in Production Example <NUM> was pulverized to obtain a flake-shape cholesteric pigment. These flake-shape cholesteric pigments were used in combination instead of the cholesteric pigment produced from the cholesteric material layer of the multilayer film produced in Production Example <NUM>.

The cholesteric material layer of the multilayer film produced in Production Example <NUM> and the phase difference layer of the multilayer phase difference film produced in Production Example <NUM> were bonded together using the abovementioned tackiness agent. After that, the substrate film of the multilayer film and the substrate film of the multilayer phase difference film were removed to obtain a viewer having the layer configuration of cholesteric material layer (polarized light separation layer) / tackiness agent / phase difference layer. This viewer was used instead of the viewer produced in Example <NUM>.

In the same manner as that of Example <NUM> except for the aforementioned matters, an identification medium was produced and authenticity was determined.

In the abovementioned step of (Production of viewer), the cholesteric material layer of the multilayer film produced in Production Example <NUM> was used instead of the cholesteric material layer of the multilayer film produced in Production Example <NUM>. In the abovementioned step of (Production of viewer), the phase difference film produced in Production Example <NUM> was used instead of the phase difference film produced in Production Example <NUM>.

To one surface of a linear polarizer, the phase difference film produced in Production Example <NUM> was bonded through the aforementioned tackiness agent. This bonding was performed such that the transmission axis of the linear polarizer and the slow axis of the phase difference film formed an angle of <NUM>°. Furthermore, to the other surface of the linear polarizer, the phase difference film produced in Production Example <NUM> was bonded through the aforementioned tackiness agent. This bonding was performed such that the slow axis of the firstly bonded phase difference film and the slow axis of the secondly bonded phase difference film are in parallel. Accordingly, there was obtained a viewer having the layer configuration of phase difference film / tackiness agent / linear polarizer / tackiness agent / phase difference film. This viewer was used instead of the viewer produced in Example <NUM>.

Furthermore, in the aforementioned step of (Production of identification medium), a flake-shape cholesteric pigment, which was produced by pulverizing the cholesteric material layer peeled from the multilayer film produced in Production Example <NUM>, was used instead of the cholesteric pigment produced from the cholesteric material layer of the multilayer film produced in Production Example <NUM>.

The results of Examples and Comparative Examples are shown in the following Table <NUM> and Table <NUM>. In the following Tables, the abbreviations mean as follows.

Claim 1:
A viewer (<NUM>, <NUM>) for authenticity determination comprising: a polarized light separation layer (<NUM>) containing a layer of a cholesteric material; and a phase difference layer (<NUM>) disposed on one side of the polarized light separation layer (<NUM>), the phase difference layer (<NUM>) having reverse wavelength dispersion property, wherein
the viewer (<NUM>, <NUM>) is used for observing an identification medium (<NUM>) containing a reflective material (<NUM>) that contains a layer of a cholesteric material and that has a reflection wavelength region in which a reflectivity is <NUM>% or more with respect to incident unpolarized light, and
the polarized light separation layer (<NUM>) of the viewer (<NUM>, <NUM>) has a reflection wavelength region in which a reflectivity is <NUM>% or more with respect to incident unpolarized light, and
a part or all of the reflection wavelength region of the polarized light separation layer (<NUM>) of the viewer (<NUM>, <NUM>) and all of the reflection wavelength region of the reflective material (<NUM>) of the identification medium (<NUM>) overlap with each other.