Patent Description:
In recent years, mobile electronic devices such as cell-phones (and in particular smartphones), tablets and laptops have become ubiquitous. Many of these devices include one or two compact "upright" cameras including, for example, a main rear-facing camera (i.e. a camera on the back side of the device, facing away from the user and often used for casual photography) and a secondary front-facing camera (i.e. a camera located on the front side of the device and often used for video conferencing). An important figure of merit in mobile phone cameras and in particular cell phone camera is the camera height or vertical distance of the camera or camera lens.

Although relatively compact in nature, the design of most of these cameras is similar to the traditional design of a digital still camera, i.e. it comprises a lens assembly (or a train of several optical elements) placed on top of an image sensor, which explains the term "upright". The lens assembly (also referred to as "lens module" or simply "lens") refracts the incoming light rays and bends them to create image data (or an "image") of a scene on the image sensor. The dimensions of these cameras are largely determined by the size of the sensor and by the height of the optics. These are usually tied together through the focal length ("f") of the lens and its field of view (FOV). That is, a lens that has to image a certain FOV on a sensor of a certain size has a specific focal length. In such cameras, an increase in the focal length typically results with an increase of the optics height.

Recently a folded camera structure (also referred to simply as "folded camera") has been suggested to reduce the height of a compact camera (see e.g. co-owned patent applications <CIT> and <CIT>). In a folded camera, see <FIG>, an optical path folding element (referred to hereinafter as "OPFE" or "reflecting element") e.g. a prism or a mirror, is added in order to tilt the light propagation direction from substantially perpendicular to the mobile device back surface to substantially parallel to the mobile device back surface. For simplicity, a reflecting element will henceforth be referred to also as "OPFE". <FIG> show a known folded camera numbered <NUM> in various views. An orthogonal X-Y-Z coordinate ("axis") system is shown for the perspective views, <FIG>. These coordinates apply to all following perspective views. Two of the coordinates are shown separately for the side view, <FIG>. These coordinates apply also to all following side views. The coordinate system shown is exemplary.

For the sake of clarity, the term "substantially" is used herein to imply the possibility of variations in values within an acceptable range. According to one example, the term "substantially" used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to <NUM>% over or under any specified value. According to another example, the term "substantially" used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to <NUM>% over or under any specified value. According to a further example, the term "substantially" used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to <NUM>% over or under any specified value.

Camera <NUM> includes an OPFE section <NUM> with length LP and height HP, a lens section <NUM> with length LL and a back focal length (BFL) section <NUM> with length LBFL. In some embodiments, the partition to several parts is such that each part is fabricated separately, and all parts are glued together. In some embodiments, the partition to several part is only schematic, namely all parts are made as one in the fabrication process. The three sections have a substantially common height HFL (within <NUM>% difference or less) which correspond roughly with a "camera height" of the folded camera. HFL is defined as the distance along axis Y (Y being the direction from the object to the camera, or parallel to first direction <NUM> introduced below) between external surfaces of the three sections, or, in the case the heights of the three sections are not exactly equal, the distance along axis Y between the external surfaces of the section with the largest height. In some examples, the range of values for HFL is <NUM> - <NUM>. In some examples, the range of values for HFL is <NUM> - <NUM>. OPFE section <NUM> includes an OPFE <NUM> that folds an optical path from a first direction (optical axis) <NUM> into a second direction (optical axis) <NUM>. Lens section <NUM> includes a lens assembly <NUM> with one or more lens elements having a common optical axis parallel to second direction <NUM>. BFL section <NUM> includes an image sensor (or simply "sensor") <NUM>. BFL is equal to the distance between the exit surface (toward the sensor) of the lens element facing the sensor and the sensor itself. The folded camera has a length LFL and a width WFL.

A folded camera may be assembled together with a regular "upright" camera into a dual-camera structure (also referred to herein as a "dual folded-upright camera" or simply "dual-camera") in a number of different ways, see e.g. co-owned international patent application <CIT>. One example of a dual folded-upright camera is shown in <FIG>. These figures show a folded dual-camera numbered <NUM> in various views. Folded dual-camera <NUM> includes a folded camera <NUM> similar to camera <NUM> and an upright camera <NUM> with a height HU and an optical axis <NUM>' parallel to first direction <NUM>. The distance between optical axis <NUM>' and first direction <NUM> is defined a baseline of folded dual camera <NUM>. In the particular example shown, the two cameras lie along axis Z. The dual-camera has a length LDC and a width WDC. The width WDC can be determined by the larger of the widths of the folded and upright cameras. Note that while in the example the folded and upright cameras are shown aligned along the Z axis, other arrangements, as shown for example, in co-owned PCT patent application <CIT>, are known and possible.

Dual-cameras with two upright cameras (also referred to herein as "dual upright-upright cameras") are known. Their incorporation in mobile electronic devices such as smartphones is also known, with dual upright-upright camera smartphones being sold commercially. <FIG> shows a known dual upright-upright camera numbered <NUM> included in a smartphone <NUM> in a back view. A trend in compact cameras is to allow the upright camera lens to protrude the top surface of the camera, such that the lens alone can have a larger height, while other parts of the camera are lower. This is often referred to as a "bump", numbered in <FIG> with numeral <NUM>. Bumps above the surface of a smartphone and other mobile electronic devices are undesirable.

The use of light flash (e.g. LED flash) elements (or just "flash elements") in cameras is known. The positioning of flash elements inside the "bump" of an upright dual camera is known. <FIG> shows a known dual upright-upright camera numbered <NUM> included in a smartphone <NUM> in a back view, having a flash element <NUM> in the "bump" <NUM>. Having a folded camera with a flash element in the bump is desired. It is desired to provide folded cameras and dual folded-upright cameras that improve upon the deficiencies of the prior art. It is desired to provide folded cameras and dual folded-upright cameras with a reduced bump footprint.

<CIT> discloses a zoom lens system (TL) is constituted of a 1st lens group (Gr1) having a negative power and whose position is fixed at zooming, a 2nd lens group (Gr2) having a negative power and which is moved at zooming, a 3rd lens group (Gr3) having a positive power and which is moved at zooming, and a 4th lens group (Gr4) having a positive power in this order from an object side, and an optical image formed by the zoom lens system (TL) is converted to an electrical signal by an imaging element (SR).

<CIT> discloses an electronic imaging device includes a first lens group, a second lens group that moves to change a magnification of an image to be acquired, a third lens group whose movement for another magnification change of the image to be acquired, and a lens group moving section equipped with a driver and with cam grooves for moving the second lens group and the third lens group through predefined distances according to the particular amount of driving by the driver, and adapted to change a total variable-magnification of the second lens group and the third lens group; in which device, the cam grooves in the lens group moving section are formed to cause the second lens group and the third lens group to enter a pan-focus state in a zoom region ranging from a wide-angle end to a telescopic end, have an extended cam region at a position anterior to at least one of the two focusing ends (wide-angle and telescopic), and constructed so that in the extended cam region, a focal point can be moved by moving at least one lens group, namely, the second lens group or the third lens group, along the second optical axis.

Embodiments disclosed herein teach a method of manufacturing a folded camera that reduces a mobile electronic device and specifically a smartphone bump footprint and height. In some examples, the bump footprint is reduced by reducing the height of a back focal plane section of the folded camera. In some examples, the bump footprint is reduced by reducing the height of a back focal plane section and a lens subsection of the folded camera.

As mentioned, it is desired to reduce and/or eliminate the surface area of the bump. It is desired for the bump not to extend past the height of the camera.

According to the invention defined in claim <NUM>, there is provided a method of manufacturing a folded camera, said folded camera comprising an OPFE section including an OPFE for folding an optical path from a first direction to a second direction, the OPFE section having a OPFE height HP in the first direction, a lens section positioned between the OPFE and an image sensor, the lens section having at least one lens section height HL in the first direction, and a BFL section extending between the lens section and the image sensor and having a BFL section height HBFL in the first direction, wherein HBFL < HL.

In some embodiments described above or below, the lens section includes two subsections, wherein a lens subsection closer to the BFL section has a height HL1 < HL.

In some embodiments described above or below, HBFL = HL1.

In some embodiments described above or below, HBFL ≤ HL1 and HBFL < HL.

In some embodiments described above or below, the lens section has a width WL that fulfills the condition WL > HL> HBFL.

In some embodiments described above or below, the BFL section has a top side and a bottom side, wherein the lens section has an optical axis parallel to the second direction and wherein the optical axis in the BFL section is closer to the top side of the BFL section than to the bottom side of the BFL section.

In some embodiments described above or below, the image sensor is positioned asymmetrically relative to a board it is mounted on.

In some embodiments described above or below, the top side has an internal surface structured to prevent stray light from being directed toward the image sensor.

In some embodiments described above or below, wherein the BFL section has a top side and a bottom side, wherein the lens section, BFL section and the image sensor share an optical axis, and wherein the optical axis in the BFL section is closer to the top side than to the bottom side, the positioning of the image sensor is asymmetrically relative to a board it is mounted on.

In some embodiments described above or below, wherein the top side has an internal surface structured to prevent stray light from being directed toward the image sensor.

In some embodiments described above or below, the folded camera further comprises a flash element positioned on the BFL section and having a height HFLASH ≤ HL.

In some embodiments described above or below, the folded camera further comprises a flash element positioned on the lens subsection closer to the BFL section and having a height HFLASH ≤ HL.

In some embodiments described above or below, the folded camera further comprises a flash element positioned partially on the BFL section and partially on the lens subsection closer to the BFL section and having a height HFLASH ≤ HL.

In some embodiments described above or below, there are provided dual-aperture cameras comprising a folded camera as described above and below, together with an upright camera.

In some embodiments described above or below, the dual-aperture camera comprises a folded camera and an upright camera sharing a single axis in the second direction.

In some embodiments, a mobile electronic device comprises a folded camera described above or below.

In some embodiments described above or below, the mobile electronic device comprises a bump on a surface thereof, wherein the bump surrounds an area including the folded camera and wherein at least one bump dimension is defined by a folded camera dimension.

In some embodiments, a mobile electronic device comprises a dual-aperture camera described above or below.

In some embodiments described above or below, there are provided mobile electronic devices comprising a folded camera and/or a dual-camera as described above and below. In some embodiments, the mobile electronic device is a smartphone. The mobile electronic device may include a bump on a surface thereof, wherein the bump surrounds an area including the folded camera and/or an upright camera (for dual-cameras) and wherein at least one bump dimension is defined by a folded camera or dual-camera dimension.

Some embodiments include a method of manufacturing a folded camera, comprising providing an optical path folding element (OPFE) for folding an optical path from a first direction to a second direction, the OPFE section having an OPFE height HP in the first direction, providing a back focal length (BFL) section that includes an image sensor, the BFL section having a BFL section height HBFL in the first direction, providing a lens section having at least one lens, the lens section having a lens section height HL in the first direction, arranging the lens section between the BFL section and the OPFE along the first optical axis, wherein HBFL < HL.

In some embodiments described above or below, the OPFE section has a OPFE section height HP in the first direction, wherein HBFL < HP.

In some embodiments described above or below, the lens section has at least two subsections.

In some embodiments described above or below, a lens subsection closer to the BFL section has a height HL1, wherein HL1< HL.

In some embodiments described above or below, the BFL section has a top side and a bottom side, wherein the lens section, BFL section and the image sensor share an optical axis, and wherein the optical axis in the BFL section is closer to the top side than to the bottom side, positioning the image sensor asymmetrically relative to a board it is mounted on.

In some embodiments described above or below, a method includes asymmetrically placing an image sensor relative to the top and bottom of the BFL section.

Some embodiments include a method for reducing the bump footprint of a smartphone, the method comprising: providing a smartphone; attaching the folded camera of any of the above embodiments to an exterior surface of the smartphone, wherein the folded camera reduces the bump footprint of the smartphone.

In some embodiments described above or below, the bump footprint includes a length LB1, a width WB1, and a height HB1, wherein LB1 has a range of <NUM>-<NUM>, WB1 has a range of <NUM>-<NUM> and HB1 has a range of <NUM>-<NUM>.

In some embodiments described above or below, the lower height of the BFL section relative to the height of the lens section and/or the OPFE section enables a shorter bump length LB1.

In some embodiments described above or below, a method includes incorporating a flash element into the bump footprint.

As set forth above, each of the embodiments may be used in combination with one another, as it is contemplated that various combinations of embodiments can be merged with one another and are part of the scope of the present disclosure.

As used herein, the terms "for example", "exemplarily", "such as", "for instance" and variants thereof describe non-limiting embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

Non-limiting examples of embodiments disclosed herein are described below with reference to figures attached hereto that are listed following this paragraph. Identical structures, elements or parts that appear in more than one figure may be labeled with the same numeral in the figures in which they appear. The drawings and descriptions are meant to illuminate and clarify embodiments disclosed herein, and should not be considered limiting in any way.

Folded cameras described herein comprise an optical path folding element (OPFE), a lens and an image sensor. Folded cameras may further include other parts required for operation, including a focusing mechanism, an optical image stabilization (OIS) mechanism, a zooming mechanism, a mechanical shield, an infra-red (IR) filter, electronics to operate focusing, a gyroscope, a shutter and/or other parts. Folded cameras may further include additional optical elements between the OPFE and the object to be photographed. The lens of folded cameras described herein may have constant focal length, or may have varying focal length (also known as "zoom lens").

A folded camera height is generally smaller than the height of an upright camera with a similar effective focal length (EFL). The decrease in the folded cameras height results from the fact that the folded camera height is not dependent on the lens height, which is correlated with the lens focal length. In an upright camera, its height is dependent on the lens height. Therefore, the lens focal length may be increased without sacrifice in the camera module height. However, the folded camera height is determined by lens assembly height and the height of other parts of the camera, for example an actuator (e.g. an actuator used to shift the lens for focus and\or optical image stabilization) and a shield height, and cannot be reduced beyond a certain minimum value, without sacrificing optical performance. In general, the height of folded cameras according to presently disclosed subject matter may be in the range of <NUM> - <NUM>.

It is desirable that smartphones and other mobile electronic devices having cameras with one (or more) folded camera(s) and/or one (or more) upright camera(s) have a bump footprint (width and length) as small as possible. Independently, it would be desirable in such smartphones and/or mobile electronic devices to have a bump height as small as possible.

<FIG> shows a smartphone <NUM> comprising a dual folded-upright camera similar to camera <NUM> in a perspective view, according to an exemplary embodiment disclosed herein. <FIG> shows enlarged details of the dual-camera and the smartphone in a cross-section A-A. A bump <NUM> generally surrounding the dual-camera section protrudes above a surface of smartphone <NUM>. The bump has a length LB1, a width WB1, and a height HB1. In some examples LB1 has a range of <NUM>-<NUM>, WB1 has a range of <NUM>-<NUM> and HB1 has a range of <NUM>-<NUM>. While its edges are shown as sharp, they are preferably rounded as in the bump of <FIG>. By positioning the folded and upright cameras in a line (along a single axis), one can obtain a smaller bump footprint than, for example, positioning the folded and upright cameras in an arrangement in which the two do not share the same single axis. Note that everywhere except in the region of the bump, the phone has a thickness (height) between external surfaces HPhone. In the region of the bump, the phone thickness is larger and marked HPB.

The present inventors have found that the dimensions of a bump that accommodates a dual folded-upright camera may further be reduced by judicious design of the folded camera.

<FIG> show, in various views, a folded camera structure numbered <NUM> according to an exemplary embodiment disclosed herein. Like camera <NUM>, camera <NUM> includes an OPFE section <NUM> with length LP and width WP, a lens section <NUM> with length LL and width WL and a back focal length (BFL) section <NUM> with length LBFL and width WBFL. Camera <NUM> may have a height HFL, a length LFL and a width WFL similar to that of camera <NUM>. LFL is defined by the sum of LP + LL + LBFL. LP could basically be defined by the reflecting element height (for example a prism). In some examples according to presently disclosed subject matter, HFL is in the range of <NUM>-<NUM>, LFL is in the range of <NUM>-<NUM> and WFL is in the range of <NUM>-<NUM>. Note that the width of different folded camera sections may be different from each other and from WFL. These camera height, length and width dimensions apply in following disclosed embodiments even if not shown in figures.

Camera <NUM> may include other components with respective functionalities similar to or identical with the components of camera <NUM>. Therefore, these components and their respective functionalities are not described in detail. Further, camera <NUM> may include two BFL sections or a split BFL section. Unlike in camera <NUM>, BFL section <NUM> in camera <NUM> has a height HBFL that is smaller than the height of the lens section HL and a height of the OPFE (for example a prism) section HP. For example, HBFL may be smaller than HL by <NUM> - <NUM>. The reduction in height is expressed at a "shoulder" <NUM>. In some examples, HL and HP may be substantially equal (up to <NUM>% difference). In other examples, HL may be smaller than HP. In some embodiments, camera <NUM> may have a lens section width WL which is larger than the lens section height HL. In some embodiments, WL may be equal to HL. In some embodiments, a lens accommodated in the lens section may have a shape with radial symmetry (for example a cylindrical shape). In some embodiments, a lens accommodated in the lens section may have shape which does not have radial symmetry (for example a rectangular shape, a cylinder with chamfers, etc.).

Camera <NUM> can be included together with an upright camera <NUM> in a dual-camera <NUM> as shown in <FIG>. In the case of dual-camera, each of the two cameras may be called a "sub camera". In some examples, upright camera may have an optical axis <NUM>' which is parallel to the first direction <NUM>. The distance between optical axis <NUM>' and first direction <NUM> is defined a baseline of folded dual-camera <NUM>. In some examples, the length LDC and width WDC of dual-camera <NUM> remain similar to those of dual-camera <NUM>. However, dual-camera <NUM> has a lower height HBFL in the BFL section <NUM> of the folded camera. Therefore, when dual-camera <NUM> is incorporated in a mobile device such as a smartphone <NUM>, the lower height of the BFL section enables a shorter bump length.

<FIG> shows the dual folded-upright camera of <FIG> included in a smartphone <NUM> in a perspective view. <FIG> shows a cross section with enlarged details of the dual folded-upright camera and the smartphone. Smartphone <NUM> has a bump <NUM> protruding over a surface <NUM>. Bump <NUM> has a length LB2 and a height HL2. LB2 is smaller than LDC by about the length of BFL section <NUM>. In this example, the dual-camera components that protrude and are visible include only the top of the lens of the upright camera and top parts of the OPFE. In some examples, lens sections of the folded camera may also be visible. In general, a bump may be needed only in areas of the camera where a height of the upright camera and a height of a section of the folded camera is larger than Hphone.

Returning now to <FIG>, the reduction of height in the BFL section causes second direction <NUM> of the folded camera to be closer to a top surface <NUM> than to a bottom surface <NUM> of BFL section <NUM>, creating asymmetry in the propagation of light rays exiting the lens into the BFL section. One result of the asymmetry is that an image sensor <NUM>, which is normally mounted on a board <NUM> is asymmetrically positioned in the Y direction relative to the top and bottom sides of the BFL section and of the board itself.

<FIG> shows a known art image sensor <NUM> and board <NUM> as viewed in a +Z direction (along second direction <NUM>). Sensor <NUM> is, for example, a silicon die that has an optically active part <NUM> (referred hereafter as active part <NUM>) surrounded by a part (auxiliary silicon logic) <NUM> considered "non-active" in terms of image\light sensing and referred to therefore as non-active part <NUM>. Active part <NUM> may be located in non-active part <NUM> in any position symmetrically or asymmetrically, as known in the art. Active part <NUM> is distanced from the top and bottom of board <NUM> (i.e. in the Y direction shown) by distances marked as DTOP and DBOT respectively. In <FIG>, DTOP = DBOT ± Δ, where Δ is typically <NUM> to <NUM>. This is a sensor-board arrangement in a known folded camera such as camera <NUM>, where active part <NUM> is typically positioned symmetrically or slightly asymmetrically relative to board <NUM> ("slightly" referring to up to <NUM> out of the height (<NUM>-<NUM>) or about <NUM>-<NUM>% of the PCB height).

<FIG> shows an image sensor <NUM> and board <NUM> configuration <NUM> according to an embodiment disclosed herein. In configuration <NUM>, active part <NUM> is positioned asymmetrically relative to board <NUM> in the Y direction, and Δ may be on the order of <NUM>-<NUM>. In this case, the asymmetry of active part <NUM> relative to board <NUM> may be on the order of <NUM> and up to <NUM>-<NUM>, or about <NUM>%-<NUM>% of the PCB height.

The asymmetry results in a surface closer to the sensor's effective ray envelope and may cause stray light effects on the sensor. For example, in camera <NUM>, top surface <NUM> is lower and closer to the sensor than a top surface of lens section <NUM>, allowing for light that is entering to bounce off of top surface <NUM> and be redirected back to the sensor. To mitigate such effects, an internal surface <NUM> of top surface <NUM> of BFL section <NUM> is structured to prevent stray light. This may be provided, for example, by a yoke with a special structure and/or with an anti-reflective coating. Alternatively, an internal surface <NUM> of bottom <NUM> of BFL section <NUM> or both top and bottom internal surfaces <NUM> and <NUM> are structured to prevent stray light. In certain embodiments, internal surface <NUM> is uneven and/or has various ridges, so that it is not flat. Alternatively, <FIG> illustrates a method for absorbing or redistributing the light in other directions.

<FIG> show, in various views, a folded camera structure numbered <NUM> according to another exemplary embodiment disclosed herein. Like camera <NUM>, camera <NUM> includes an OPFE section <NUM>, a lens section <NUM> and a back focal length (BFL) section <NUM>. The dimensions of the folded camera and the different sections may be in the same range as in cameras <NUM> and <NUM>. Camera <NUM> may include other components with respective functionalities similar to or identical with the components of camera <NUM>. Therefore, these components and their respective functionalities are not described in detail. Further, camera <NUM> may include two BFL sections or a split BFL section. Unlike in camera <NUM>, lens section <NUM> in camera <NUM> has two different subsections 904a and 904b with two different heights marked HL and HL1. Height HL of lens subsection 904a is larger than height HL1 of sub-section 904b, to accommodate at least one lens element <NUM> with a larger diameter D than the diameters of following (in the direction of the image sensor) lens elements (which, for example, have a smaller diameter D<NUM>) For example, HL1 may be smaller than HL by <NUM>-<NUM>.

While the exemplary embodiment in <FIG> shows a lens section with two different heights associated with two different subsections, a lens section may have more than two subsections with different heights. For example, if a lens includes N lens elements (typically N being between <NUM> and <NUM>), then the lens section may include between <NUM> and N sub-sections. The N subsections may have the same height or different heights HLN. In some embodiments with different lens subsection heights HLN, the height may decrease in a step-wise manner from a subsection close to the OPFE (prism) section to a subsection close to the BFL section.

Camera <NUM> can be included together with an upright camera <NUM> in a dual-camera <NUM> as shown in <FIG>. In some examples, the length LDC and width WDC of dual-camera <NUM> remains similar to those of dual-camera <NUM>. However, dual-camera <NUM> has a lower height not only in the BFL section <NUM> of the folded camera, but also in sub-section 904b of the lens section. Therefore, when dual-camera <NUM> is incorporated in a mobile device such as a smartphone, the lower height of the BFL section HBFL and of sub-section 904b HL2 enables an even shorter bump length LB3.

<FIG> shows the dual folded-upright camera of <FIG> included in a smartphone <NUM> in a perspective view. <FIG> shows a cross section with enlarged details of the dual folded-upright camera and the smartphone. Smartphone <NUM> has a bump <NUM> protruding over a surface <NUM>. Bump <NUM> has a length LB3 and a height HB2. To clarify, in smartphone <NUM>, LB3 is smaller than LB2 in <FIG> by about the length of lens sub-section 904b and is smaller than LFL by about the length of BFL section <NUM> plus the length of lens sub-section 904b. The marking of the bump height with "HB2" here and in <FIG> does not necessarily mean that bumps <NUM> and <NUM> have the same height. In this example, the dual-camera components that protrude and are visible include only the top of the lens of the upright camera and top parts of the OPFE and lens sub-section 904a of the folded camera. In general, a bump may be needed only in areas of the camera where a height of the upright camera and a height of a section of the folded camera is larger than Hphone.

Camera <NUM> can be provided with a flash (e.g. LED) element to obtain a folded camera with flash (or "flash folded camera"). <FIG> shows a perspective view, and <FIG> shows a side view of a flash folded camera <NUM>. A flash element <NUM> may provide an external illumination source as needed by the photographed scene, as known in the art. The reduction of height in camera <NUM> BFL (HBFL) may be used to house flash element <NUM>, i.e. flash element <NUM> may be placed on top of top surface <NUM>. The combined height from the bottom of camera <NUM> to the top of flash element <NUM> is marked by HFLASH, as seen in <FIG>. In some cases, HFLASH may be smaller than, or equal to camera <NUM> height (HFL), as seen in <FIG>.

Folded camera <NUM> may be included with an upright camera <NUM> to form a dual camera. <FIG> show two embodiments of such a dual-camera. In <FIG>, a dual-camera <NUM> includes an upright camera <NUM> positioned next to flash folded camera <NUM> on the optical axis (+ Z direction) toward the side of OPFE section <NUM>. In <FIG>, a dual-camera <NUM> includes an upright camera <NUM> positioned along camera <NUM> on the optical axis closer to BFL section <NUM> side. In dual camera <NUM>, flash element <NUM> is positioned between the optical aperture of camera <NUM> and the optical aperture of camera <NUM>.

In other dual-camera embodiments, shown in <FIG>, a camera such as camera <NUM> may also be provided with a flash element such as flash element <NUM>, which may be positioned on top of BFL section <NUM> (<FIG>), on top of lens sub-section <NUM> (<FIG>), or on top of both of these sections (<FIG>) (partially on top of each section in some embodiments). In all these cases, HFLASH will mark the combined height of from bottom of camera <NUM> to top of flash element <NUM>. HFLASH may be smaller than or equal to camera height HFL. That is, the addition of a flash element does not lead to any protrusion above the largest height of the folded camera. Cameras <NUM>, <NUM> or <NUM> may be combined with an upright camera to form a dual camera (not shown).

In yet another dual-camera embodiment numbered <NUM> and shown in <FIG>, camera <NUM> may be combined with an upright camera <NUM> and flash element <NUM>, such that the flash element is positioned partially above camera <NUM> and partially above camera <NUM>.

Claim 1:
A method of manufacturing a folded camera (<NUM>), comprising:
providing an optical path folding element OPFE (<NUM>) section with an OPFE for folding an optical path from a first direction (<NUM>) to a second direction (<NUM>), the OPFE section (<NUM>) having an OPFE height HP in the first direction (<NUM>);
providing a lens section (<NUM>) between the OPFE and an image sensor (<NUM>), the lens section (<NUM>) having a lens section height HL in the first direction (<NUM>),
providing a back focal length BFL section (<NUM>) between the lens section (<NUM>) and the image sensor (<NUM>), the BFL section (<NUM>) having a BFL section height HBFL in the first direction (<NUM>); and
characterized in that
a bottom external surface of the OPFE section (<NUM>), the lens section (<NUM>) and the BFL section (<NUM>) are substantially coplanar such that the folded camera has HBFL < HL and such that a top external surface of the lens section and a top external surface of the BFL section are not coplanar.