Patent Description:
Sunlight is one of the essential resources for many activities, both professional and private. Its availability determines the arrangement of day and night zones in residential buildings or work and storage places in production buildings. In the case of large-scale buildings in the form of halls, lighting is often installed above the production lines in order to improve working conditions and safety. Sunlight is undoubtedly the healthiest in terms of colour and safe, for example in working environments with moving, especially rotating equipment. In addition, it costs nothing, which makes it desirable also from an economic point of view.

Illumination with natural light, whether in domestic or production environments, is however associated with a significant amount of heat energy supplied to the illuminated surfaces. This is why it is common to use roller blinds, shutters or awnings, the purpose of which is to shade the glazed surfaces, which somehow contradicts the goal of glazing a building envelope in the form of a wall or roof.

Typical interior blinds consist of a set of lamellae attached to tilt wands or suspended on cords, their position or the degree of shading of glazing is regulated by shortening or lengthening the rods and cords. An example of this type of solution is the blind disclosed in description <CIT>, the lamellae of which are connected by a tilt wand allowing to change the angle of their inclination in relation to the pane from a perpendicular position to completely closing the way for light. At the same time it should be noted that while interior blinds together with room darkening do not reduce the heating of the window itself, which becomes an additional heat radiator.

In a similar way it is constructed a blind according to <CIT>, where each lamella is fixed independently in the frame and all lamellae are connected with an additional tilt wand for adjusting their inclination angle.

There are also known blinds according to <CIT> in which the control axis is connected by a kind of Cardan shaft with a tilt wand for changing the inclination angle of the lamellae in relation to the plane of the pane.

A slightly different construction is characteristic to a shutter/roller blind according to <CIT>, in which at least partially transparent material of the roller blind is sewn in such a way that it forms horizontal, cuboidal cells. Sunlight penetrating the panes is partially attenuated and diffused by the roller blind, slightly shading the room and at the same time creating a good visual effect.

There are also known various types of roller blinds in which material of different transparency is mounted on a rotating shaft. Depending on the chosen thickness and transparency of the material, shading effect is achieved. Roller blind fabrics may be reinforced or even multi-layered in order to additionally stop room heating. This type of fabric and its manufacturing method is presented by <CIT>.

The same principle of operation is used for external roller blinds, where the roller blind takes the form of plastic or metal armouring, sometimes with anti-intrusion characteristics.

There are also known lamella systems intended for facade shading in which the position of the lamellae is fixed and they are fixed directly to the facade of a building or to the window frame, or in other variants they are fixed to a supporting construction mounted to the facade or to glazed building envelopes. Such constructions are characterised by a uniform in the top view shape of the individual lamellae and the fixed, constant and equal inclination angle for the individual lamellae in relation to the building envelope.

Known constructions are based on the lack of transparency of the lamellae and the fact that the angle of incidence of the sun's rays of the individual lamellae is such that the sun's rays do not reach the pane directly.

Unexpectedly, it turned out that the optimal solution for preventing the heating of the building envelope or the sheltered room while at the same time ensuring its optimal illumination is not to use blinds with a variable inclination angle or non-transparent materials, but to use a variable shape of lamellae with at least <NUM>% light transmission and a fixed inclination angle in combination with ensuring ventilation of the space between the building envelope and the shading device.

Document <CIT> discloses a panel-layer system for thermal insulation of a shaded surface, comprising a supporting construction in the form of two rigid and non-deformable rails, the supporting construction being adapted to be mounted to the outer side of a building envelope, a plurality of lamellae permanently mounted to the supporting construction, wherein the lamellae are inserted into notches of the supporting construction.

The panel-layer system for thermal insulation of the shaded surface according to the invention is mountable to the outer side of the building envelope, especially a window, especially a roof window, and comprises a supporting construction in the form of at least two rigid and non-deformable rails, to which the lamellae are permanently mounted, preferably by a mounting batten, and the outer (in relation to the sheltered envelope) edge of the lamellae preferably has an irregular shape.

The lamellae are inserted into notches made in the supporting construction and are additionally glued to it.

In an example of execution, the lamellae are made in such a way that they have a panel structure and are built of panels put together and inserted into a slot in the mounting batten. The ends of the mounting batten are fixed to at least two, rigid and non-deformable rails forming the supporting construction. The panels are preferably joined by shape, preferably snap-fit.

In another example of execution, the panels forming the lamellae are provided with a longitudinal slot, preferably of non-rotating cross-section, through which the mounting batten of the panels passes.

The mounting batten in cross-section has preferably a basic C-shape with at least one additional longitudinal selection, for example at least with a one-sided groove. Each panel at least on one side has a longitudinal rib cooperating with at least one additional longitudinal selection, for example at least a one-sided groove.

In a preferred example of execution, in particular with lamellae having a panel structure, shape, colour as well as the degree of light transmission may be varied for each lamella and/or for each panel. Preferably, when the arrangement of the panels projects in an isometric view any known geometric shape, letters or symbols.

The inclination angle of each lamella is fixed, wherein for the lamellae placed at the top of the building envelope the inclination angle is no more than <NUM>°, preferably <NUM>° in relation to the building envelope plane and decreases towards the bottom of the envelope so that the lowest lamella is inclined at an angle of no more than <NUM>°, preferably <NUM>°. At the same time the inclination angle of the roof slope with a window to whose structure the panel system is attached according to the invention is between <NUM> and <NUM>°, preferably between <NUM> and <NUM>°.

In another preferred example of execution, the windows are vertically oriented and the inclination angle of the lamellae is maintained, in the upper part of the building envelope, the inclination angle is no more than <NUM>° in relation to the envelope plane and decreases towards the bottom of the envelope so that the lowest lamella is inclined at an angle of no less than <NUM>.

Preferably, in the case of vertically installed windows, the inclination angle of the lamellae is in the range of <NUM>-<NUM> degrees and the variation of the inclination angles of the lamellae is linear.

At the same time the inclination angle of the lamellae varies linearly from the highest to the lowest lamella by the difference in the inclination of the highest and lowest lamella/number of lamellae and the distance between the lamellae measured along the edge of the supporting construction is the difference in the inclination angle of the outermost lamellae/number of lamellae.

The supporting construction shall be mounted to the building envelope so that an air cavity of at least <NUM> and no more than <NUM> is maintained between this construction, the lamellae mounted on it and the plane of the building envelope.

The supporting construction is mounted outside the window in such a way that at least two rigid and non-deformable rails are latched in cantilevers screwed into the upper part of the building envelope frame, especially the window, and are supported by two cantilevers that block the movement of the blinds laterally and in the vertical plane of the envelope, especially the window frame in its lower part.

Preferably, when the supporting construction and the lamellae are made of plastic, preferably when the supporting construction is made of Pet plastic and the lamellae are cut out from plexiglass.

At least one surface of each lamella is covered with a sunlight-reflecting film having a transparency of at least <NUM>%, but not more than <NUM>% of the ability to retain light radiation. Preferably, when at least one surface of the lamellae is sprayed with aluminium dust fixed on the surface of the lamellae.

In another example of execution, at least one surface of the lamellae is sprayed with a film having photochromatic properties which reacts to the intensity of a light wave by changing the degree of this wave transmittance.

In another example of execution, at least one surface of the lamellae is covered with a solar window film having a shading degree between <NUM> and <NUM>%. Preferably, in another example of execution the lamellae are covered with a photochromic film or foil having a shading capability from <NUM> to <NUM>%.

The outer edge of the lamellae according to an example of execution has a shape selected from a sinusoid and/or an irregular wave and/or geometrical figures alternately placed on the edge of the lamellae, in particular at least parts of a circle, a rectangle, a triangle or other polygons.

In another preferable example of execution, the lamellae are provided with additional, placed on them mini lamellae with at least one-sided longitudinal protrusions, preferably made of the same material as the lamellae. The protrusions are firmly connected to the lamellae and are directed at an acute or near-right angle to the surface of the lamellae.

The panel-layer system for thermal insulation of the shaded surface according to the invention remains transparent throughout its use, allowing natural visible light to enter the room. Highly moving sun and the operation of sun's rays in the peak of the day are limited by the fact that the sun's rays must penetrate at least some of the lamellae to reach the building envelope and the interior of the room. The highest heat emission resulting from this occurs in the cavity between the lamellae and the building envelope, while the presence of the cavity and its free ventilation precludes heating of the envelope and the room behind it.

In another preferred example of execution, at least one surface of the lamellae is additionally developed with placed thereon micro panels, uniformly manufactured, in particular by injection to the surface of the lamellae or panels. The micro panels are preferably produced as ribs, preferably irregularly shaped, preferably with irregularly shaped edges and surfaces. Preferably, the micro panels are manufactured so that their longitudinal axis is not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lamellae. Preferably, the angle between the axis of the micro panels and the lamellae is a variable angle along the length of the lamellae. Preferably, the height of the micro panels is not less than <NUM> and it is not more than <NUM>% of the depth of the lamellae.

As the sun's altitude changes, its rays operate at a variable angle, becoming more parallel to the surface of the lamellae. Therefore, during low solar radiation intensity, when the sun is low, the sunlight passes between the lamellae undisturbed and reaches the room. This is an important advantage of this solution in Poland or central Europe, where most days with strong sunshine are in the summer months (June, July, August), when relatively high temperatures are generated, which causes the roof slopes and windows located there to heat up. Daylight also penetrates into the interior through the gaps between lamellae of the blind, so the illumination of the interior when the blind is fitted can be intense, especially when the sun's rays directly hit the lamellae, compared to a situation where the pane is completely uncovered. If a milk film is used, a bright surface will be created on the lamellae - a screen from the sun's rays illuminating it and then the transmission of visible light will be more intense into the interior.

The panel-layer system for thermal insulation of the shaded surface according to the invention is intended for use on all types of roof windows (as well as vertical windows) in order to block the access of sun's rays to the surface of the window pane and thus prevent it from heating up and transmitting heat to the interior of the room. The panel-layer system for thermal insulation of the shaded surface according to the invention is intended for use in residential, office and industrial rooms, wherever it is important to maintain thermal comfort of a room while maintaining a sufficiently high intensity of interior lighting by means of daylight.

The panel-layer system for thermal insulation of the shaded surface according to the invention is shown in the drawing , where particular figures present:.

The panel-layer system for thermal insulation of the shaded surface according to the invention comprises mountable to the outer side of the building envelope, especially a window, especially a roof window, a supporting construction in the form of rigid and non-deformable rails, to which permanently mounted are lamellae, whose edge, outer in relation to the shielded building envelope, has an irregular shape. The lamellae are inserted into notches made in the supporting construction and are additionally glued to it. The inclination angle of each lamella is constant, while for the lamellae placed at the top of the building envelope the inclination angle is <NUM>° with respect to the plane of the envelope and decreases towards the bottom of the envelope so that the lowest lamella inclines at an angle of <NUM>°. The inclination angle of the lamellae varies linearly from the highest to the lowest by <NUM>°/number of lamellae and the distance between the lamellae measured along the edge of the supporting construction is the distance of the outermost lamellae/number of lamellae.

The supporting construction shall be mounted on the building envelope so that an air cavity of <NUM> wide is maintained between the envelope, mounted to it lamellae, and the plane of the building envelope.

The supporting construction is mounted outside the window in such a way that rigid and non-deformable rails are snapped in cantilevers screwed into the upper part of the frame of the building envelope, especially a window, and are supported by two cantilevers that block the movement of the blind laterally and in the vertical plane of the envelope, especially the window frame in its lower part.

The supporting construction and the lamellae are made of plastic, the former is made of Pet plastic, while the latter are cut out from Plexiglas.

One surface of each lamella is covered with a solar reflective film with a transparency of <NUM> %. The film is in the form of a sputtering of aluminium dust fixed on the lamella surface.

The outer edge of the lamellae is sinusoidal in shape.

The panel-layer system for thermal insulation of the shaded surface according to the invention remains transparent throughout its use, allowing natural visible light into the room. The highly moving sun and the operation of the sun's rays during peak daylight hours is limited by the fact that the sun's rays must penetrate at least a few lamellae to reach the building envelope and the interior of the room. The largest heat emission resulting from this occurs in the cavity between the lamellae and the building envelope, the presence of the cavity and its free ventilation precludes heating of the envelope and the room behind it.

The panel-layer system for thermal insulation of the shaded surface according to the invention comprises mountable to the outer side of the building envelope, especially a window, especially a roof window, a supporting construction in the form of rigid and non-deformable rails, to which permanently mounted are lamellae, whose edge, outer in relation to the shielded building envelope, has an irregular shape. The lamellae are inserted into notches made in the supporting construction.

The inclination angle of each lamella is constant, while for the lamellae placed at the top of the building envelope the inclination angle is <NUM>,<NUM>° with respect to the plane of the envelope and decreases towards the bottom of the envelope so that the lowest lamella inclines at the angle of <NUM>,<NUM>°. The difference in inclination of the top and bottom lamella is <NUM>°, successive lamellae have a different inclination angle which changes for each lamella by <NUM>° divided by the number of lamellae from top to bottom of the window and the distance between the lamellae measured along the edge of the supporting construction is the distance of the outermost lamellae divided by number of lamellae.

The supporting construction shall be mounted to the building envelope so that an air cavity of <NUM> wide is maintained between the envelope, mounted to it lamellae, and the plane of the building envelope.

One surface of each lamella is covered with a solar reflective film with a transparency of at least <NUM>%, but not more than <NUM>% of the ability to retain light radiation. The limitation of transparency is implemented in such a way that one surface of the lamellae is covered with a sun protection film with a shading degree of <NUM> to <NUM>%.

The outer edge of the lamellae has a shape selected from a sinusoid, irregular wave, geometric figures placed alternately on the edge of the lamellae, in particular at least parts of a circle, rectangle, triangle or other polygons. The panel-layer system for thermal insulation of the shaded surface according to the invention remains transparent throughout its use, allowing natural visible light into the room. The highly moving sun and the operation of the sun's rays during peak daylight hours is limited by the fact that the sun's rays must penetrate at least a few lamellae to reach the building envelope and the interior of the room. The largest heat emission resulting from this occurs in the cavity between the lamellae and the building envelope, the presence of the cavity and its free ventilation precludes heating of the envelope and the room behind it.

The panel-layer system for thermal insulation of the shaded surface according to the invention comprises mountable to the outer side of the building envelope, especially a window, especially a roof window, a supporting construction in the form of rigid and non-deformable rails, to which permanently mounted are lamellae, whose edge, outer in relation to the shielded building envelope, has an irregular shape. The lamellae are made up of panels inserted into the rails and are inserted into notches in the supporting construction and are additionally glued to it.

The supporting construction shall be mounted to the building envelope so that an air cavity of <NUM> wide is maintained between the envelope, mounted to it lamellae, and the plane of the building envelope. The supporting construction is mounted outside the window in such a way that rigid and non-deformable rails are snapped in cantilevers screwed into the upper part of the frame of the envelope, especially a window, and are supported by two cantilevers that block the movement of the blind laterally and in the vertical plane of the envelope, especially the window frame in its lower part.

The outer edge of the lamellae has a shape selected from a sinusoid, irregular wave, geometric figures placed alternately on the edge of the lamellae, in particular at least parts of a circle, rectangle, triangle or other polygons. The panels are provided with additional one-sided longitudinal protrusions, made of the same material as the panels. The protrusions are firmly connected to the lamellae and are directed at an acute or near-right angle to the surface of the panels.

The panel-layer system for thermal insulation of the shaded surface according to the invention comprises mountable to the outer side of the building envelope, especially a window, especially one mounted vertically, a supporting construction in the form of rigid and non-deformable rails, to which permanently mounted are lamellae, whose edge, outer in relation to the shielded building envelope, has an irregular shape. The lamellae are inserted into notches made in the supporting construction and are additionally glued to it.

The inclination angle of each lamella is constant, while for the lamellae placed at the top of the building envelope the inclination angle is <NUM>° with respect to the plane of the envelope and decreases towards the bottom of the envelope so that the lowest lamella inclines at an angle of <NUM>° at least a few lamellae to reach the building envelope and the interior of the room. The largest heat emission resulting from this occurs in the cavity between the lamellae and the building envelope, the presence of the cavity and its free ventilation precludes heating of the envelope and the room behind it.

As the altitude of the sun changes, its rays operate at a variable angle, becoming more parallel to the surface of the lamellae. Therefore, during low intensity of solar radiation, when the sun is low, the sunlight passes between the lamellae undisturbed and reaches the room. This is an important advantage of this solution in Poland or central Europe, where most days with strong sunshine are in the summer months (June, July, August), when relatively high temperatures are generated, which causes the roof slopes and windows located there to heat up. Daylight also penetrates into the interior through the gaps between the lamellae of the blind, thus the illumination of the interior when the blind is fitted can be intense, especially when the sun's rays directly hit the lamellae, compared to a situation where the pane is completely uncovered. If a milk film is used, a bright surface will be created on the lamellae - a screen formed from the sun's rays illuminating this surface and then the transmission of visible light will be more intense into the interior.

The panel-layer system for thermal insulation of the shaded surface according to the invention comprises mountable to the outer side of the building envelope, especially a window, especially a roof window, a supporting construction in the form of rigid and non-deformable rails, to which permanently mounted are lamellae, whose edge, outer in relation to the shielded building envelope, has an irregular shape. The lamellae are inserted into notches in the supporting construction.

One surface of the lamellae is additionally developed with placed thereon micro panels, uniformly manufactured, in particular by injection to the surface of the lamellae or panels. The micro panels are preferably produced as ribs, preferably irregularly shaped, preferably irregularly shaped edges and surfaces. Preferably, the micro panels are manufactured so that their longitudinal axis is not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lamellae. Preferably, the angle between the axis of the micro panels and the lamellae is a variable angle along the length of the lamellae. Preferably, the height of the micro panels is not less than <NUM> and it is not more than <NUM>% of the depth of the lamellae.

The outer edge of the lamellae has a shape selected from a sinusoid, irregular wave, geometric figures placed alternately on the edge of the lamellae, in particular at least parts of a circle, rectangle, triangle or other polygons.

The panel-layer system for thermal insulation of the shaded surface according to the invention comprises mountable to the outer side of the building envelope, especially a window, especially a roof window, a supporting construction in the form of rigid and non-deformable rails, to which permanently mounted are lamellae, whose edge, outer in relation to the shielded building envelope, has an irregular shape. The lamellas are made up of panels inserted e.g. into aluminium rails and inserted into the notches of the supporting construction and additionally glued.

The supporting construction is mounted outside the window in such a way that rigid and non-deformable rails are snapped in cantilevers screwed into the upper part of the frame of the envelope, especially a window, and are supported by two cantilevers that block the movement of the blind laterally and in the vertical plane of the envelope, especially the window frame in its lower part.

The supporting construction and the lamellae are made of plastic, where the former is made of Pet plastic, while the latter are cut out from Plexiglas.

The outer edge of the lamellae w has a shape selected from a sinusoid, irregular wave, geometric figures placed alternately on the edge of the lamellae, in particular at least parts of a circle, rectangle, triangle or other polygons. The panels are provided with additional one-sided longitudinal protrusions, made of the same material as the panels. The protrusions are firmly connected to the lamellae and are directed at an acute or near-right angle to the surface of the panels.

Claim 1:
A panel-layer system for thermal insulation of a shaded surface, comprising
a supporting construction in the form of at least two rigid and non-deformable rails, the supporting construction being adapted to be mounted to the outer side of a building envelope, especially a window, especially a roof window,
a plurality of lamellae permanently mounted to the supporting construction, wherein the lamellae are inserted into notches of the supporting construction and additionally glued to it, and wherein the inclination angle of each lamella is constant, while for the lamellae placed at the top of the building envelope the inclination angle is less than <NUM>°, preferably <NUM>°, with respect to the plane of the envelope and decreases towards the bottom of the envelope so that the lowest lamella inclines at an angle of not more than <NUM>°, preferably <NUM>°, the inclination angle of the lamellae varies linearly from the highest to the lowest by <NUM>° divided by the number of lamellae and the distance between the lamellae measured along the edge of the supporting construction is the distance of the outermost lamellae divided by the number of lamellae, and
the supporting construction is adapted to be mounted to the building envelope so that an air cavity of at least <NUM> wide and not more than <NUM> is maintained between the the supporting construction and the plane of the building envelope.