Patent Description:
When traveling using a form of public or mass transportation, visually impaired passengers face substantial difficulties in navigating to a particular location in the mode of transport. Because visually-impaired passengers cannot see (or their eyesight is poor), they cannot read signs or labels indicating seat rows, seat numbers, locations of service areas, etc. For example, visually-impaired passengers generally require assistance from another person to navigate to an assigned or unoccupied seat where he or she is to sit during the trip, or to navigate to a service area such as a lavatory or food service counter. This often requires waiting for availability of a support person to provide assistance, and can result in delays and embarrassment for visually-impaired passengers. Accordingly, there is a need for improved technology to provide wayfinding assistance to visually-impaired passengers. <CIT>, according to its abstract states, a local positioning system may include a reader assembly and a data processing assembly. The reader assembly may be configured to read tag data from at least one wireless communication tag of a plurality of wireless communication tags disposed in spaced-apart fixed positions relative to a structure extending along an expanse when the reader assembly is disposed in the expanse proximate to the at least one wireless communication tag. The reader assembly may also generate a communication-tag signal representative of the read tag data. A data processing assembly may be configured to access a mapping of the plurality of wireless communication tags relative to the structure. The data processing assembly may be further configured to determine a location of the reader assembly based on the read tag data and the mapping of the plurality of wireless communication tags relative to the structure. <CIT> according to its abstract states beacon-based guidance functionality is described that assists the user in navigating over a desired route within an environment, or otherwise interacting with the environment. The environment, in turn, is populated with a plurality of beacons having, in one implementation, respective non-overlapping ranges. The desired route traverses ranges associated with a route-specific set of beacons, from among the plurality of beacons. In one manner of operation, the beacon-based guidance functionality determines whether a user is within a range of one of the route-specific beacons. Based on that knowledge, the beacon-based guidance module can generate guidance information which directs the user towards a next waypoint in the route. <CIT>, according to its abstract states systems and methods to provide navigational guidance to persons within crowded and unfamiliar environments such as aircraft cabins, stadiums, and theaters. An "activation arrangement" may be created to dynamically activate various lighting devices, personal electronic devices, and/or other devices to usher the person from a current location to a destination, such as a seat, entranceway, or lavatory. These techniques may be customized based upon existing conditions within the environment and/or based upon user-personalized settings to improve the comfort of persons in these environments.

In accordance with one or more examples, a wayfinding assistance system for visually-impaired passengers according to claim <NUM> is provided.

In accordance with one or more examples, a wayfinding assistance method according to claim <NUM> is provided.

In accordance with one or more unclaimed examples, at least one non-transitory computer readable medium comprises instructions which, when executed by a client device, cause the client device to responsive to passing within range of a respective one of a plurality of short-range transmitters, receive a transmission from the respective short-range transmitter, and emit one or more of an audible signal or a haptic signal, based on the received transmission from the respective short-range transmitter, as wayfinding assistance to a user of the client device, wherein the plurality of short-range transmitters is distributed within a passenger cabin, the passenger cabin situated within one of an aircraft, a transit vehicle or a vessel, wherein each respective short-range transmitter of the plurality of short-range transmitters is located proximate to a different respective waypoint in the passenger cabin, and wherein each respective short-range transmitter is configured to transmit a short-range wireless signal within a short-range field identifying the respective waypoint in the passenger cabin.

In accordance with one or more unclaimed examples, a wayfinding assistance system for visually-impaired passengers comprises a plurality of short-range transmitters distributed within a passenger cabin, the passenger cabin situated within one of an aircraft, a transit vehicle or a vessel, wherein each respective short-range transmitter of the plurality of short-range transmitters is located proximate to a different respective waypoint in the passenger cabin, and wherein each respective short-range transmitter is configured to transmit a short-range wireless signal within a short-range field identifying the respective waypoint in the passenger cabin, a server configured for data communication with a client device via a wireless network, the server comprising a processor and memory coupled to the processor, the memory including server instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the server to receive, from the client device, a waypoint identifier, determine, from the waypoint identifier, wayfinding information, and send the wayfinding information to the client device, and a non-transitory machine-readable medium storing a client application comprising client instructions for execution on the client device, wherein the client device is configured for communication with the server, via the wireless network, and with each of the plurality of short-range transmitters, and wherein the client instructions, when executed, cause the client device to responsive to passing within range of a respective short-range transmitter, receive, from the respective short-range transmitter, a transmission including a waypoint identifier, send, to the server, the received waypoint identifier, receive, from the server, the wayfinding information, and emit one or more of an audible signal or a haptic signal, based on the wayfinding information, as wayfinding assistance to a user of the client device.

The various advantages of the examples of the present disclosure will become apparent to one skilled in the art by reading the following specification and appended claims, and by referencing the following drawings, in which:.

Accordingly, it is to be understood that the examples herein described are merely illustrative of the application of the principles disclosed. Reference herein to details of the illustrated examples is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, which themselves recite those features regarded as essential to the disclosure.

An improved system as described herein provides wayfinding assistance for visually-impaired passengers. The technology helps improve the ability of visually-impaired passengers to navigate within a passenger cabin of a mode of transportation, while eliminating or minimizing the need for reliance on another person for support or assistance. The technology described herein is applicable to many modes of public or mass transportation, such as, e.g., aircraft, transit vehicles and/or vessels. The system is based upon deploying a set of transmitters within the passenger cabin to provide information regarding waypoints in the cabin (e.g., seat rows, service areas such as lavatories or food service counters, etc.).

<FIG> and <FIG> provide diagrams illustrating an example of a wayfinding assistance system <NUM> according to one or more examples, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. The wayfinding assistance system <NUM> can be installed or placed for use within a passenger cabin of virtually any type or a mode of public or mass transport. While the example shown in <FIG> and <FIG> illustrate the wayfinding assistance system <NUM> installed within a passenger cabin <NUM> for a typical aircraft, the wayfinding assistance system <NUM> can also be employed in passenger cabins of other transport modes, including transit vehicles (e.g., trains, subway cars, buses, trolleys, trams, etc.) and/or vessels (e.g., cruise ships, ocean liners, or other vessels used for public transportation). As shown in <FIG>, the wayfinding assistance system <NUM> includes a set of short-range transmitters <NUM> (illustrated in <FIG> as 12a, 12b, 12c,. Each of the short-range transmitters <NUM> is installed proximate to (e.g., in proximity to) a waypoint location to provide waypoint information. As used herein, "waypoint" refers to an intermediate point or an endpoint on a route or line of travel, which includes a route or line of travel such as, e.g., a pathway of a visually-impaired passenger to a seat, lavatory, etc. within a passenger cabin, as described herein.

As shown in <FIG>, the short-range transmitters are shown installed in locations proximate to a seat row. For purposes of illustration, only a subset of the set of possible short range transmitters is shown in <FIG>. In examples, a short range transmitter <NUM> (such as short-range transmitter 12a, etc.) is installed proximate to each seat row in the passenger cabin <NUM>. In some examples, the short range transmitters <NUM> are installed proximate to an aisle seat for every seat row. In some examples, as an alternative, a short range transmitter <NUM> (such as short-range transmitter 12a, etc.) is installed proximate to each seat in the passenger cabin <NUM>. As shown in <FIG> for purposes of illustration, the short range transmitters <NUM> can, in some examples, be installed proximate to aisle seats on alternating sides of the aisle. In some examples, the short-range transmitters <NUM> can be installed proximate to an aisle seat on the same side of the aisle (e.g., either left-hand side or right-hand side). In some examples, the short-range transmitters <NUM> can be installed proximate to an aisle seat on both sides of the aisle.

The short-range transmitters <NUM> each have a limited transmission range (or limited field of transmission). For example, the short-range transmitters <NUM> can be arranged such that a receiver (e.g., as possessed or held by a user) would most likely receive a transmission from only one (or at most two) of the short-range transmitters <NUM> at the same time. For example, depending upon the size and configuration of the passenger cabin, a desirable transmission or reception range for each short-range transmitter <NUM> would be a limited range, such as, e.g., a range of about <NUM>-<NUM> feet, such that only one or two transmitters would be in a user's reception range at a time.

In some examples, each of the short-range transmitters <NUM> can be a passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) transmitter (e.g., a passive RFID tag), which typically has a range of about <NUM>-<NUM> feet up to several meters, depending upon the type of transmitter, the frequency used, etc. Passive RFID transmitters do not require a separate power source, which allows for greater flexibility in installation and use. Passive RFID transmitters operate on power obtained from a radio frequency field generated by the reader device. Other types of short-range transmitters can be used, depending on the passenger cabin configuration and other criteria specific to the particular installation.

Each short range transmitter <NUM> is configured to transmit a short range wireless signal providing a waypoint identifier corresponding to the waypoint location of the respective short range transmitter. The waypoint identifier can be used to look up information about the waypoint. For example, where the waypoint corresponds to a seat row in a passenger cabin, the waypoint identifier can be used to look up information (e.g., by retrieving a seating configuration for the passenger cabin) and determine the waypoint information (e.g., a seat row number) for the waypoint.

In some examples, the wayfinding assistance system <NUM> can also include one or more mid-range transmitters <NUM> (such as mid-range transmitters 13a, 13b and 13c as illustrated in <FIG>). Each mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be located proximate to a service area in the passenger cabin <NUM>. For example, as shown in <FIG>, each mid-range transmitter <NUM> (shown as 13a, 13b and 13c) is located proximate to one of the lavatories in the passenger cabin <NUM>. A mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be located proximate to other service areas, depending upon the type of transport mode and the configuration of the passenger cabin. For example, a mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be located proximate to a food service counter (such as, e.g., a food service counter located in a passenger train). The transmission (or reception) range of each of the mid-range transmitters <NUM> can be selected based on the passenger cabin configuration and the particular coverage are to be included. For example, for a passenger flight the range can be selected to cover the entire passenger cabin <NUM>. In some examples, the range can be selected to cover just a portion of the passenger cabin <NUM> (e.g., a specific area such as first class, business class, economy class, etc.).

In some examples, each of the mid-range transmitters <NUM> can be an active RFID transmitter. Active RFID transmitters require a power source and generally have a range greater than the range of passive RFID transmitters. An active RFID transmitter can have a range of up to about <NUM>-<NUM> meters, depending upon the type of transmitter, the frequency used, etc. Because the mid-range transmitters are located proximate to a service area, there is commonly a power source available to provide necessary power for an active RFID transmitter. Alternatively, power for an active RFID transmitter can be supplied by a battery.

Each mid-range transmitter <NUM> is configured to transmit a mid-range wireless signal providing waypoint or other information relating to the respective service area, including, for example, a waypoint identifier (e.g., identifying a particular service area such as a particular lavatory). For example, a mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be configured to transmit information relating to at least one of a status of or a location of the service area. Thus, in the example installation of <FIG>, where each of the mid-range transmitters <NUM> (e.g., 13a, 13b, and 13c) is located proximate to a lavatory in the passenger cabin <NUM>, each mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be configured to transmit information regarding the location of the respective lavatory (e.g., aft lavatory behind row <NUM>, on the right-hand side of the aircraft) and/or a status of the respective lavatory (e.g., open or occupied). As another example, a mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be located proximate to a food service counter to provide information regarding the location of the food service counter and a status of the food service counter (e.g., open, serving food, serving drinks or snacks, etc.).

In some examples, any one or more of the mid-range transmitters <NUM> can be coupled or connected to a signal line associated with the respective service area. For example, a mid-range transmitter <NUM> that is located proximate to a lavatory can be coupled or connected to a signal line for a status indicator for the lavatory (e.g., open or occupied). In some examples, the wayfinding assistance system <NUM> can also include one or more mid-range transmitters <NUM> (such as mid-range transmitters 14a and 14b as illustrated in <FIG>). The mid-range transmitters <NUM> can be located in one or more locations in the passenger cabin <NUM>. For example, as shown in <FIG>, each mid-range transmitter <NUM> (shown as 14a and 14b) is located proximate to an end of the passenger cabin <NUM>. The transmission (or reception) range of each of the mid-range transmitters <NUM> can be selected based on the passenger cabin configuration and the particular coverage are to be included. For example, for a passenger flight the range can be selected to cover the entire passenger cabin <NUM>. In some examples, the range can be selected to cover just a portion of the passenger cabin <NUM> (e.g., a specific area such as first class, business class, economy class, etc.). In some examples, each of the mid-range transmitters <NUM> can be an active RFID transmitter. In some examples, other types of transmitters can be used for one or more of the mid-range transmitters <NUM>. For example, one or more of the mid-range transmitters <NUM> can be a transmitter configured to transmit wireless fidelity (WiFi) wireless signals.

Each mid-range transmitter <NUM> is configured to transmit a mid-range wireless signal providing information regarding the particular mode of transportation (e.g., the aircraft, the transit vehicle or the vessel). For example, a mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be configured to transmit information regarding the particular trip (e.g., a number indicating the particular flight or route, destination arrival time, etc.). As another example, on an aircraft, a mid-range transmitter <NUM> can configured to transmit information regarding the particular flight such as, e.g., flight number, destination city, arrival time, local time, seat belt indicator status (e.g., seat belt warning "on"), etc. As another example, a mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be connected to an attendant control panel (such as an Attendant Control Panel in an aircraft) to provide information regarding a food service cart (such as, e.g., a mobile cart used on passenger flights), for example, status information (e.g., serving a meal, serving drinks or snacks, etc.) and/or current location information (e.g., a location of the cart in the aisle adjacent to a particular row of the passenger cabin <NUM>, thus blocking the aisle and potentially rendering a lavatory temporarily inaccessible).

In some examples, one or more of the mid-range transmitters <NUM> can be coupled or connected to a signal line for the seat belt indicator. In some examples, one or more of the mid-range transmitters <NUM> can be coupled or connected to a signal line (or signal) for an information / entertainment system feed (such as, e.g., an in-flight entertainment system).

The wayfinding assistance system <NUM> also includes one or more client devices <NUM>, each client device <NUM> for use by an individual visually-impaired passenger. The client device <NUM> can include a smart phone (such as an iPhone or an Android phone) or similar communication device that has been adapted or configured as described herein. The client device <NUM> as so configured is for use by a visually-impaired passenger in conjunction with the other components of the wayfinding assistance system <NUM>. The client device <NUM> can include headphones <NUM> (e.g., ear buds or earphones) to provide audio sounds or signals to the user. The headphones <NUM> can be connected to the client device <NUM> via a connection <NUM> such as a standard cord or cable or a wireless connection (e.g., via a Bluetooth connection). The client device is configured for data communication with each of the set of short range transmitters <NUM>. In examples, the client device <NUM> is also configured for data communication with the one or more mid-range transmitters <NUM> and the one or more mid-range transmitters <NUM>. The client device <NUM> includes a client application <NUM>, which is a set of instructions to carry out the functions of the client device in operation with the wayfinding assistance system <NUM> as described herein. The client device <NUM> includes non-transitory memory to store the client application <NUM>. When executing (e.g., running) the client application <NUM>, the client device <NUM> is configured to receive a transmission from the respective short-range transmitter <NUM>. The transmission is received in response to the client device <NUM> passing within range of a respective short-range transmitter <NUM>. Additionally, when executing the client application <NUM>, the client device <NUM> is configured to emit at least one of an audible signal or a haptic signal, based on the received transmission from the respective short-range transmitter <NUM>, as wayfinding assistance to a user of the client device <NUM>. A haptic signal can include vibrations emitted by the client device <NUM>. Further information regarding the client device <NUM> is provided herein, including description below with respect to <FIG> and <FIG>.

In operation, the wayfinding assistance system <NUM> provides wayfinding assistance to a visually-impaired passenger using the client device <NUM>. The client application <NUM> can include, or be provided with, information regarding the seat number assignment for the visually-impaired passenger. In examples, the client application <NUM> can determine the seat assignment for the visually-impaired passenger via communication with a passenger manifest system. As an example, shown in <FIG> is a pathway 19a for the visually-impaired passenger to enter the passenger cabin and proceed to an assigned seat, indicated by the destination waypoint symbol ( <IMG>-- which corresponds to row <NUM> seat D in the illustration of <FIG>). The visually-impaired passenger uses a client device <NUM> (which can be held or carried by the visually-impaired passenger, e.g. in a pocket or holder attached via a belt, strap, etc.). Using the client device <NUM>, the visually-impaired passenger enters the passenger cabin <NUM> and receives an indication to turn right and proceed down the aisle toward his or her assigned seat. Upon passing within range of the short-range transmitter 12a, the client device <NUM> receives a transmission from the short-range transmitter 12a indicating a waypoint corresponding to the location of the short-range transmitter 12a. As an example based on the illustration in <FIG>, the transmission from the short-range transmitter 12a indicates that the visually-impaired passenger is adjacent to row <NUM> of the passenger cabin <NUM>. In some examples, the transmission from the short-range transmitter 12a includes an identifier for the waypoint corresponding to the location of the short-range transmitter 12a, and the client device, via the client application <NUM>, determines a seat row number based on the waypoint identifier. In some examples, the client application <NUM> retrieves or otherwise accesses a seating configuration for the passenger cabin <NUM>, where the seat row number can be determined based on the seating configuration. The seating configuration can be specific to the type or model of transport (e.g., a type or model of an aircraft), the trip number (e.g., flight number), etc. In examples, the client application <NUM> has the seating configuration pre-loaded for the specific trip (e.g., provided when the trip reservation is made). The client device <NUM>, via the client application <NUM>, emits sounds indicating that the visually-impaired passenger has reached row <NUM>. The sounds can be emitted through the headphones <NUM>. For example, the client device can provide an audible statement such as "Row <NUM>," or "You have reached Row <NUM>," or the like. In examples, the client device additionally or alternatively emits a haptic signal (e.g., a vibration or series of vibrations).

Continuing down the aisle, the visually-impaired passenger passes within range of the short-range transmitter 12b, and the client device <NUM> receives a transmission from the short-range transmitter 12b indicating a waypoint corresponding to the location of the short-range transmitter 12b. As an example based on the illustration in <FIG>, the transmission from the short-range transmitter 12b indicates that the visually-impaired passenger is adjacent to row <NUM> of the passenger cabin <NUM>. The client device <NUM>, via the client application <NUM>, emits an audible statement that the visually impaired passenger has reached row <NUM>. In examples, the client device <NUM> additionally or alternatively emits a haptic signal (e.g., vibration or series of vibrations). As the visually-impaired passenger continues down the aisle, he/she passes within range, sequentially, of the short-range transmitters 12c, 12d, 12e and 12f (corresponding to rows <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> as illustrated in <FIG>) and, when adjacent to each respective short-range transmitter <NUM>, the client device receives a transmission from the respective short-range transmitter <NUM> and emits an audible statement that the visually-impaired passenger is adjacent to row <NUM>, row <NUM>, row <NUM> and then row <NUM>. In examples, the client device <NUM> additionally or alternatively emits a haptic signal (e.g., vibration or series of vibrations) at each location.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the short-range transmitter <NUM> corresponds to row <NUM>, which is the destination row for the visually-impaired passenger (with seat assignment 9D in the illustrated example). Upon passing within range of the short-range transmitter <NUM>, the client device <NUM> receives a transmission from the short-range transmitter <NUM>, indicating that the visually-impaired passenger is now adjacent to row <NUM>. The client device <NUM> via the client application <NUM> identifies that this row is the destination row based on the assigned seat of the visually-impaired passenger. The client device <NUM> emits an audible statement to the visually-impaired passenger announcing that he/she has reached the assigned row. For example, the client device <NUM> can emit an audible statement such as "You have reached Row <NUM> - This is your seat row, you are seated on the RH aisle, Welcome Aboard!" In examples, the client device <NUM> can additionally or alternatively emit a haptic signal (e.g., a long or continuous set of vibrations indicating the visually-impaired passenger has reached the destination row). The visually-impaired passenger can accordingly be seated in his/her assigned seat 9D.

As another example, shown in <FIG> is a pathway 19b for a visually-impaired passenger to travel along the aisle in the passenger cabin and proceed from another assigned seat, indicated by the destination waypoint symbol ( <IMG>-- which corresponds to row <NUM> seat D in the illustration of <FIG>) to a lavatory in the aft section (past row <NUM>) of the passenger cabin <NUM>. For example, the client device <NUM> can receive a transmission from one or more of the mid-range transmitters <NUM> to determine location of service areas (e.g., lavatories). In some examples, the client application <NUM> retrieves or otherwise accesses a service area configuration for the passenger cabin <NUM>, where the service area location can be determined based on the service area configuration. The service area configuration can be specific to the type or model of transport (e.g., a type or model of an aircraft), the trip number (e.g., flight number), etc. Using a client device <NUM>, the visually-impaired passenger can determine, e.g., that one or both of the aft lavatories are open (e.g., unoccupied and available for use). The visually-impaired passenger starts down the aisle toward the aft section of the passenger cabin <NUM>. As the client device <NUM> passes within range of the short-range transmitter 12i, the client device <NUM> receives a transmission from the short-range transmitter 12i, indicating that the visually-impaired passenger is now adjacent to row <NUM>. The client device <NUM> emits an audible statement to the visually-impaired passenger indicating row <NUM>. In examples, the client device <NUM> additionally or alternatively emits a haptic signal (e.g., vibration or series of vibrations). Continuing down the aisle, the visually-impaired passenger passes within range, sequentially, of the short-range transmitters 12j, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and 12n (corresponding to rows <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> as illustrated in <FIG>) and, when adjacent to each respective short-range transmitter <NUM>, the client device receives a transmission from the respective short-range transmitter <NUM> and emits an audible statement that the visually-impaired passenger is adjacent to row <NUM>, row <NUM>, row <NUM>, row <NUM> and then row <NUM>. In examples, the client device <NUM> additionally or alternatively emits a haptic signal (e.g., vibration or series of vibrations) at each location.

Upon reaching row <NUM>, the client device <NUM> communicates with one of the mid-range transmitters <NUM> (e.g., mid-range transmitter 13b) and receives further information regarding the location to the lavatory (adjacent to mid-range transmitter 13b) relative to the client device. The client device emits an audible statement guiding the visually-impaired passenger to the entrance to the lavatory. For example, the client device <NUM> can emit an audible statement that the lavatory ahead and to the left is open and available. The visually-impaired passenger can return to his/her assigned seat by proceeding back up the aisle, receiving audible assistance from the client device <NUM> as he/she passes within range of each respective short-range transmitter, as before. In examples, the visually-impaired passenger can query the client device <NUM> and receive information regarding the location and/or status of any service area in the passenger cabin <NUM>. The client device <NUM> can receive transmissions from each of the mid-range transmitters <NUM> to obtain the location and status information to be provided to the visually-impaired passenger. For example, as illustrated in <FIG>, the client device can receive transmissions from mid-range transmitters 13a, 13b and 13c, corresponding to a forward lavatory and two aft lavatories. The information can include the location of each lavatory (e.g., forward of row <NUM> or behind row <NUM>) and a status of each lavatory (e.g., open or occupied).

In examples, the visually-impaired passenger can query the client device <NUM> and receive information (as transmitted to the client device <NUM> by the one or more mid-range transmitters <NUM>) regarding the particular trip. For example, the client device can emit audible statements providing information such as e.g., a number indicating the particular flight or route, the destination city, destination arrival time, time to destination, etc. As another example, on an aircraft, the client device <NUM> can provide audible information regarding the particular flight such as, e.g., flight number, destination city, arrival time, local time, seat belt indicator status (e.g., seat belt warning "on"), etc. In examples, the client device can emit an audible alert if there is a change (e.g., a change in the seat belt indicator, e.g., warning of rough weather ahead). In examples, the client device <NUM> can provide further audible information or entertainment content provided from an information/entertainment system via a mid-range transmitter <NUM>.

In examples, the client device <NUM> can provide specific audible signals or statements, based on the received transmissions from any one or more of a short-range transmitter <NUM>, a mid-range transmitter <NUM>, or a mid-range transmitter <NUM>, such as one or more of the following (as examples):.

Other audible messages can be provided to indicate trip information (e.g., flight status or other flight information. For example, audible statements such as the following can be provided.

Additionally or alternatively, the client device <NUM> can emit haptic signals, based on the received transmissions, that correspond to specific haptic codes (e.g., specific patterns or intervals of vibrations) indicating a specific message. For example, when approaching a desired destination the vibrations may be sent in increasing rate or frequency until the destination is reached, at which point the vibrations can be continuous or near-continuous.

It will be understood that the functionality of the client device <NUM> as described herein can be provided via the client application <NUM> operating on the client device <NUM> and interfacing with the various components of the client device <NUM>.

Turning now to <FIG>, a diagram is provided illustrating an example seating arrangement <NUM> for installing short-range transmitters according to one or more examples, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. The example seating arrangement <NUM> can be used in a passenger cabin of any transportation mode, such as the passenger cabin <NUM> for an aircraft (<FIG>, already discussed). A short-range transmitter <NUM> is shown in <FIG> with arrows indicating some of the potential installation locations for the transmitter. The short-range transmitter <NUM> corresponds to any one of the short-range transmitters <NUM> as illustrated in <FIG> (already discussed). As an example, a short-range transmitter <NUM> can be installed proximate to each row in the passenger cabin. Each short-range transmitter <NUM> can be, e.g., a passive RFID transmitter which can, in examples, be provided as a roll or strip of sequentially-numbered RFID transmitters. Each numbered RFID transmitter can correspond to a particular seat row (or seat). As illustrated in <FIG>, example installation placements for the short-range transmitter <NUM> can include behind a seat headrest <NUM> or underneath a seat cushion <NUM>. As another alternative, the short-range transmitter <NUM> can be placed within or adjacent to an armrest on the aisle side of the seat. Other placements for the short-range transmitter <NUM> are possible, depending upon the particular seating design and arrangement, choice of short-range transmitter <NUM>, etc. In examples, the respective short-range transmitters <NUM> as installed are hidden from view, providing a sense of privacy for visually-impaired passengers.

Turning now to <FIG>, a diagram <NUM> is provided illustrating an example lavatory arrangement <NUM> for installing a mid-range transmitter according to one or more examples, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. The example lavatory arrangement <NUM> can be used in a passenger cabin of any transportation mode having lavatory facilities, such as the passenger cabin <NUM> for an aircraft (<FIG>, already discussed). A mid-range transmitter <NUM> is shown in <FIG> with arrows indicating some of the potential installation locations for the transmitter. The mid-range transmitter <NUM> corresponds to any one of the mid-range transmitters <NUM> as illustrated in <FIG> (already discussed). As an example, a mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be installed proximate to each lavatory in the passenger cabin. Each mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be, e.g., an active RFID transmitter. As illustrated in <FIG>, example installation locations for the mid-range transmitter <NUM> can include above the lavatory doorway, or on the side of the doorway. Other placements for the mid-range transmitter <NUM> are possible, depending upon the particular lavatory design and arrangement, choice of mid-range transmitter <NUM>, etc. In examples, the mid-range transmitter <NUM> is coupled or connected to a lavatory indicator signal <NUM>, which indicates whether the lavatory is open or occupied. In some examples, a connection <NUM> between the mid-range transmitter <NUM> and the lavatory indicator signal <NUM> is made through a wired connection. In some examples, the wired connection also includes a connection to power to provide a power source for the mid-range transmitter <NUM>. In some examples, the connection <NUM> between the mid-range transmitter <NUM> and the lavatory indicator signal <NUM> is made through a wireless connection. In examples, the mid-range transmitter <NUM> as installed is hidden from view, providing a sense of privacy for visually-impaired passengers.

Turning now to <FIG>, a diagram <NUM> is provided illustrating an example attendant control panel <NUM> for installing a mid-range transmitter according to one or more examples, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. The example attendant control panel <NUM> can be any attendant control panel used in a passenger cabin of any transportation mode, such as the passenger cabin <NUM> for an aircraft (<FIG>, already discussed). For example, in an aircraft, the attendant control panel <NUM> can be located near the front of the passenger cabin (such as the passenger cabin <NUM> in <FIG>, already discussed). Additionally or alternatively, an attendant control panel <NUM> can be located near the aft section of the passenger cabin. A mid-range transmitter <NUM> is shown in <FIG> with an arrow indicating a potential installation location for the transmitter; other locations are possible. As an example, a mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be installed proximate to any attendant control panel <NUM> location in the passenger cabin. The mid-range transmitter <NUM> corresponds to any one of the mid-range transmitters <NUM> as illustrated in <FIG> (already discussed). Thus, the mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be, e.g., an active RFID transmitter.

The mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be coupled or connected to the attendant control panel <NUM>, and is configured to transmit information regarding the aircraft, the transit vehicle or the vessel, including status information regarding services such as food service (e.g., meal or drink services). For example, when a drink or meal service is being conducted on an aircraft, an attendant can indicate a food service status via the attendant control panel <NUM>, and this information can also be transmitted via the mid-range transmitter <NUM> to notify any passengers using a client device <NUM> that the aisle is blocked by a food service cart and the lavatories cannot be accessed. As an example, when the client device <NUM> receives a transmission from the mid-range transmitter <NUM>, the client device <NUM> can emit an audible statement advising the visually-impaired passenger of the status of the food service, e.g., a phrase such as "Meal or drink service in progress, aisle is blocked, lavatories cannot be accessed at this time. " In examples, the client device <NUM> additionally or alternatively emits a haptic signal (e.g., vibration or series of vibrations, such as a code including, e.g., long dash - short dot - long dash). When food service is complete, an attendant can indicate this food service status via the attendant control panel <NUM>, and this information can also be transmitted via the mid-range transmitter <NUM> to notify any passengers using a client device <NUM> that food service is complete and that the food service cart is no longer blocking the aisle.

In examples, the mid-range transmitter <NUM> is coupled or connected to a seat belt indicator signal <NUM>, which indicates a seat belt fasten status (e.g., whether seat belts are required to be fastened at the particular time). In some examples, a connection <NUM> between the mid-range transmitter <NUM> and the seat belt indicator signal <NUM> is made through a wired connection. In some examples, the wired connection also includes a connection to power to provide a power source for the mid-range transmitter <NUM>. In some examples, the connection <NUM> between the mid-range transmitter <NUM> and the seat belt indicator signal <NUM> is made through a wireless connection. In examples, the mid-range transmitter <NUM> as installed is hidden from view, providing a sense of privacy for visually-impaired passengers.

<FIG> illustrates an example information screen <NUM> for an information system according to one or more examples, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. The information screen <NUM> illustrates example information provided by an information / entertainment system feed (such as, e.g., an in-flight entertainment system). The information can include, for example, a time until the destination is reached, an estimated arrival time, the local time at the destination, local time at the trip origin location, etc. Additionally, information such as weather at the destination can be provided. A mid-range transmitter <NUM> is coupled or connected to a signal line (or signal) for the information / entertainment system feed (such as, e.g., an in-flight entertainment system), via a connection <NUM>. The connection <NUM> can be a wired or wireless connection. The mid-range transmitter <NUM> corresponds to a mid-range transmitter <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed). In some examples, the mid-range transmitter <NUM> can correspond to the mid-range transmitter <NUM>. In examples, the mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be an active RFID transmitter. In some examples, the mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be a WiFi transmitter to provide WiFi signals. The mid-range transmitter <NUM> provides information regarding the aircraft, the transit vehicle or the vessel from the information / entertainment system feed (including information such as shown in the information screen <NUM>) via transmission to a client device <NUM>. Upon receiving information via the mid-range transmitter <NUM>, the client device <NUM> can provide the information as audible signals or statements to a visually-impaired passenger.

In examples, for an aircraft, the mid-range transmitter <NUM> is coupled or connected to, or otherwise receives information (via an in-flight entertainment system) from, a real-time moving-map system that is in place in many modern aircraft, and provides such information via transmission to a client device <NUM>. The moving-map system information is derived in real-time from the aircraft's flight computer system. Examples of a moving-map system include systems such as: AdonisOne IFE; ICARUS Moving Map Systems; Airshow <NUM> by Rockwell Collins (or Collins); iXlor2 by Panasonic Avionics; or JetMap HD by Honeywell Aerospace; and FlightPath3D by Betria Interactive. In some examples, for an aircraft, the mid-range transmitter <NUM> may additionally, or alternatively, be coupled or connected to a flight computer system of the aircraft and provide information from the flight computer system via transmission to a client device <NUM>.

<FIG> is a diagram illustrating an example of a client device <NUM> for use in a wayfinding assistance system according to one or more examples, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. The client device <NUM> can correspond to an example of a client device <NUM> used in the wayfinding assistance system <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed), although other client devices can also be used with the wayfinding assistance system <NUM>. The client device <NUM> includes a mobile device <NUM> which can be, e.g., a smart phone adapted for use as a client device with features as described herein. The client device <NUM> includes an application (not shown) which is installed in the mobile device <NUM> to provide the functionality for use as described herein with the wayfinding assistance system (such as, e.g., the wayfinding assistance system <NUM>). For example, the client application can correspond to the client application <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed).

The mobile device <NUM> can include a haptic interface <NUM>. The haptic interface <NUM> can include a set of braille buttons <NUM> (or haptic regions) including, e.g., braille buttons 64a, 64b, 64c, and 64d). In examples, the haptic interface <NUM> can include an overlay placed on a front surface of a mobile phone or smart phone. The braille buttons <NUM> can include braille components providing identifiers for each button or region. When any braille button <NUM> is pressed, the client device <NUM> responds by providing audible information and/or haptic signals responsive to the button. For example, upon pressing the braille button 64a the client device <NUM> can provide information regarding the assigned seat, including seat location. Upon pressing the braille button 64b, the client device <NUM> can provide information regarding restrooms or lavatories available in the passenger cabin, including location and status (e.g., open or occupied). For example, if the nearest lavatory is occupied, but another lavatory is open/available, the client device <NUM> can emit a haptic signal in the form of a code (e.g., vibrations corresponding to a long dash, followed by a short dash, then followed by a long dash) along with an audible statement that the nearest lavatory is occupied, but an alternate lavatory (with location) is open and available for use. Upon pressing the braille button 64c, the client device <NUM> can provide information regarding trip (e.g., flight) data, such as, e.g., arrival time or any other trip information described with reference to information panel <NUM> (FIGs. 5A-5B, already discussed). Pressing the braille button 64d, can turn the client device <NUM> on or off. Other braille buttons relating to other functions of the client device <NUM> can be provided. The braille buttons can include raised braille symbols. Additionally, the braille buttons can include other raised outlines, raised text or raised shapes to help locate the button and indicate the function provided by the button. Braille buttons can even be color-coded to assist a visually-impaired passenger (e.g., having some limited sight) identify each button. It will be understood that the button functionality described herein can be provided with other device arrangements and interfaces (e.g., even if braille buttons are not included).

The client device <NUM> can also include headphones <NUM> (such as, e.g., ear buds or earphones) to provide audio sounds or signals to the user. The headphones <NUM> can be connected to the client device <NUM> via connection <NUM> such as a standard cord or cable or a wireless connection (e.g., via a Bluetooth connection). The headphones <NUM> can correspond to headphones <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed).

The client device <NUM> can also include a haptic component (illustrated in <FIG> as a vibration wave <NUM>) for providing one or more haptic signals (e.g., vibrations) to the visually-impaired passenger. As an example, the haptic signals (e.g., vibrations) can be more pronounced or emitted at a faster rate as the client device approaches the desired destination. When the client device <NUM> is near or at the destination location, the haptic signals such as vibrations can turn into a continuous (or near continuous) series of vibrations. In another example, the haptic signals can provide a code (e.g., vibrations for a long dash, followed by a short dash, followed by a long dash) as a way to indicate an alert. In examples, the client device <NUM> can provide a fully-haptic option with only vibrations (e.g., if the visually-impaired passenger also has a severe audible impairment). For example, in lieu of providing audible signals such as spoken words, the client device <NUM> can provide haptic codes (e.g., different series or groups of vibrations) to indicate a variety of messages.

The client device <NUM> includes one or more wireless network interfaces for sending and receiving wireless communications. Typical mobile or smart phones adapted for use as the client device <NUM> can include wireless communications via one or more of cellular networks, WiFi networks, Bluetooth, near-field communication (NFC), etc. In some examples, a mobile device <NUM> (e.g., smart phone adapted for use as with the client device <NUM>) does not include a suitable wireless interface for communication with RFID transmitters; if NFC-enabled, the ability to communicate with RFID transmitters can be limited to only certain types and only very short distances (e.g., a few centimeters). In examples where the short-range transmitters and/or mid-range transmitters as described herein are implemented as passive or active RFID transmitters, the mobile device <NUM> can require an external adapter for communicating with the RFID transmitters. In some examples, an adapter <NUM> (such as, e.g., a sleeve or other similar adapter) can be attached to an end of the mobile device <NUM> to provide a wireless interface for communicating with the RFID transmitters. Examples of an adapter <NUM> providing RFID wireless connectivity to a smart phone include the U Grok It smartphone RFID reader/writer or the iCarte smartphone RFID reader.

<FIG> is a block diagram illustrating an example of a client device <NUM> for use in a wayfinding assistance system according to one or more examples, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. The client device <NUM> can correspond to an example of a client device <NUM> used in the wayfinding assistance system <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed). The client device <NUM> can correspond to the client device <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed). The client device <NUM> can include a processor <NUM>. The processor <NUM> can include one or more processing devices such as a central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, reduced instruction set computer (RISC) processor, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc., and can include associated processing circuitry. The processor <NUM> can include, or be connected to, non-transitory memory <NUM> storing executable instructions and/or data, as necessary or appropriate to control, operate or interface with the other features of the client device <NUM>, including an application <NUM>. The processor <NUM> (including any associated processing circuitry) can contain additional components including processors, memories, error and parity/cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checkers, data encoders, anticollision algorithms, controllers, command decoders, security primitives and tamperproofing hardware, as necessary or appropriate to perform the functions described herein.

The memory <NUM> can include a read-only memory, write-once read-multiple memory and/or read/write memory, e.g., random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), and electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM). The memory <NUM> can store the application <NUM>. The memory <NUM> can also store an operating system that is native to the client device <NUM> (e.g., a smart phone operating system such as iOS or the Android operating system). One or more components of the client device <NUM> can also interface with the native operating system for the device. The application <NUM> includes computer or machine instructions suitable for causing the client device <NUM> to perform the client device functions described herein, including client device functions described with reference to the client device <NUM> (<FIG>) and/or the client device <NUM> (<FIG>). The application <NUM> may also be configured to provide a user interface via a display (not shown) for a user of the client device, in the event that a visually-impaired passenger using the device has some ability to read the device.

The network interface <NUM> can include wired or wireless data communication capability. These capabilities can support data communication with a wired or wireless communication network, including the Internet, a cellular network, a wide area network, a local area network, a wireless personal area network, a wide body area network, any other wired or wireless network for transmitting and receiving a data signal, or any combination thereof. Such network may include, without limitation, telephone lines, fiber optics, IEEE Ethernet <NUM>, a wide area network, a local area network, a wireless personal area network, a wide body area network or a global network such as the Internet.

The short-range communications interface <NUM> can support communication via a short-range wireless communication field, such as, e.g., NFC, RFID, or Bluetooth. The short-range communications interface <NUM> can include a reader, such as a mobile device NFC reader. The short-range communications interface <NUM> can be incorporated into the network interface <NUM>, or can be provided as a separate interface (including, e.g., as an external sleeve or adapter).

The audio controller <NUM> provides audio signals as an audio output for the client device <NUM>. The audio controller <NUM> can interface with the application <NUM> to convert signals or code into speech (such as, e.g., text-to-speech technology). In some examples, the audio controller interfaces with the application <NUM> to translate signals, code or speech from one language into a native language spoken and understood by a visually-impaired passenger.

The haptic controller <NUM> provides vibrations or other tactile feedback for the client device <NUM>. The haptic controller <NUM> can interface with the application <NUM> to convert signals or code into haptic signals (e.g., vibrations) provided as sole output or to accompany audio output of the client device. Further details regarding vibration output under the control of the haptic controller <NUM> are provided with reference to <FIG> herein.

Additionally, some or all components in the client device <NUM> or the client device <NUM> can be implemented using one or more of a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an artificial intelligence (AI) accelerator, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) accelerator, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and/or via a processor with software, or in a combination of a processor with software and an FPGA or ASIC. More particularly, components of the client device <NUM> or the client device <NUM> can be implemented in one or more modules as a set of program or logic instructions stored in a machine- or computer-readable storage medium such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), firmware, flash memory, etc., in configurable logic such as, for example, programmable logic arrays (PLAs), FPGAs, complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), in fixed-functionality logic hardware using circuit technology such as, for example, ASIC, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or transistor-transistor logic (TTL) technology, or any combination thereof.

For example, computer program code to carry out operations by the client device <NUM> or the client device <NUM> (including the application <NUM>) can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as JAVA, SMALLTALK, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. Additionally, program or logic instructions might include assembler instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, state information that personalizes electronic circuitry and/or other structural components that are native to hardware (e.g., host processor, central processing unit/CPU, microcontroller, etc.).

<FIG> is a diagram <NUM> illustrating an example of vibration signals provided as haptic signals by the client device <NUM> according to one or more examples, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. As shown in <FIG>, vibration signals include a sampling interval <NUM> (e.g., pulse width or period), a burst sample size <NUM> (e.g., number of samples or pulses in a burst), and a burst interval <NUM> (e.g., repeat interval or interval between bursts). In some examples the height of each pulse or burst can vary, indicative of a strength of the vibrations. In some examples, a strength of vibration can be provided by varying the burst sample size or the burst period. In some examples, the burst sample size and/or the burst period can be used (e.g., modified or modulated, etc.) to provide a haptic code to the visually-impaired passenger. In some examples, the burst period can be shortened (e.g., vibrations appear to increase in speed or frequency) to indicate that the visually-impaired passenger is getting closer to a desired destination (e.g., assigned seat, or lavatory).

<FIG> provides a flow diagram illustrating an example method <NUM> of operating a client device for use in a wayfinding assistance system according to one or more examples, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. The method <NUM> can be performed by a client application executing (or running) on a client device such as, e.g., the client application <NUM> executing on the client device <NUM> and/or the application <NUM> executing on the client device <NUM>. More particularly, the method <NUM> can be implemented in one or more modules as a set of program or logic instructions stored in a machine- or computer-readable storage medium such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), firmware, flash memory, etc., in configurable logic such as, for example, programmable logic arrays (PLAs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), in fixed-functionality logic hardware using circuit technology such as, for example, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or transistor-transistor logic (TTL) technology, or any combination thereof.

The method <NUM> can include receiving, responsive to passing within a range of one of a plurality of short-range transmitters, a first transmission from the one of the plurality of short-range transmitters, as illustrated in processing block <NUM>. Illustrated processing block <NUM> provides for emitting one or more of a first audible signal or a first haptic signal, based on the first transmission, as wayfinding assistance to a user of the client device. In examples, the wayfinding assistance includes indicating a seat row number corresponding to a respective waypoint as the user of the client device passes within the range of the one of the plurality of short-range transmitters. In some examples, the method <NUM> includes retrieving a seating configuration for the passenger cabin, as shown in illustrated processing block <NUM>, and determining the seat row number corresponding to the respective waypoint based on the seating configuration, as shown in illustrated processing block <NUM>. In some examples, the method <NUM> includes receiving a second transmission from a first mid-range transmitter at processing block <NUM>, and emitting one or more of a second audible signal or a second haptic signal indicating at least one of a status of the service area or a location of the service area relative to the client device at processing block <NUM>. In some examples, the method <NUM> includes receiving a third transmission from a second mid-range transmitter at processing block <NUM>, and emitting one or more of a third audible signal or a third haptic signal indicating information regarding the aircraft, the transit vehicle or the vessel at processing block <NUM>.

<FIG> provides a block diagram illustrating an example of a wayfinding assistance system <NUM> according to one or more examples, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. The wayfinding assistance system <NUM> includes a server <NUM> executing a server application <NUM>, a database <NUM>, an information and entertainment system <NUM>, a network <NUM>, a client device <NUM> executing a client application <NUM>, and a set of short-range transmitters <NUM>. The wayfinding assistance system <NUM> can also include one or more mid-range transmitters <NUM>.

The server <NUM> can include one or more processors (such as, e.g., a CPU, a microprocessor, a RISC processor, an ASIC, etc.,) which are coupled to memory. The server <NUM> can be configured as a central system, server or platform to control and call various data at different times to execute a plurality of workflow actions. The server <NUM> can be a dedicated server computer, such as bladed servers, or can include a personal computer, laptop computer, notebook computers palm top computer, network computer, mobile device, or any processor-controlled device capable of supporting the wayfinding assistance system <NUM>. The server <NUM> is configured for data communication (such as, e.g., via a network connection) with one or more devices, such as the client device <NUM>. The server <NUM> can include, or be connected to, memory storing executable instructions and/or data, including the server application <NUM>. The server application <NUM> includes instructions to operate the server <NUM> causing the server <NUM> to perform any or all of the server functions described herein.

The server <NUM> can be configured for data communication (such as, e.g., via a connection) with one or more databases, such as the database <NUM>. The database <NUM> can be a relational or non-relational database, or a combination of more than one database. In some example examples, the server <NUM> can incorporate the database <NUM>. In some example examples, the database <NUM> can be physically separate and/or remote from the server <NUM>, located in another server, on a cloud-based platform, or in any storage device that is in data communication with the server <NUM>. The database <NUM> contains data pertinent to providing wayfinding assistance, and can include such data as passenger cabin configurations, seat assignments, service area locations, etc. The information and entertainment system <NUM> can include any existing information or entertainment system resident in the transportation mode. In some examples, the information and entertainment system <NUM> provides a link or application programming interface (API) for communication with a resident information and entertainment system to provide for submitting queries and content retrieval. In an example, for an aircraft, the information and entertainment system <NUM> can include, or be connected to, an in-flight information and entertainment system.

The network <NUM> is configured for wireless and/or wired communications within a passenger cabin, such as the passenger cabin <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed). The network <NUM> can include one or more of a wireless network, a wired network or any combination of wireless network and wired network, and can be configured to connect the client device <NUM> to the server <NUM>. For example, the network <NUM> can include one or more of a fiber optics network, a passive optical network, a cable network, an Internet network, a satellite network, a wireless local area network (LAN), a Global System for Mobile Communication, a Personal Communication Service, a Personal Area Network, Wireless Application Protocol, Multimedia Messaging Service, Enhanced Messaging Service, Short Message Service, Time Division Multiplexing based systems, Code Division Multiple Access based systems, digital advanced mobile phone service (D-AMPS), Wi-Fi, Fixed Wireless Data, IEEE <NUM>. 11b, <NUM>. <NUM>, <NUM>. 11n and <NUM><NUM>, Bluetooth, NFC, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Wi-Fi, and/or the like. In addition, the network <NUM> can include telephone lines, fiber optics, IEEE Ethernet <NUM>, a wide area network, a wireless personal area network, a LAN, or a global network such as the Internet. In addition, the network <NUM> can support an Internet network, a wireless communication network, a cellular network, or the like, or any combination thereof. The network <NUM> can further include one network, or any number of the exemplary types of networks mentioned above, operating as a stand-alone network or in cooperation with each other. The network <NUM> can utilize one or more protocols of one or more network elements to which they are communicatively coupled.

The client device <NUM> can include any type of mobile, handheld or portable communications device, and can include a network-enabled computer. The client device <NUM> can correspond to any one of the client device <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed), the client device <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed), and/or the client device <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed). The client device <NUM> is configured to execute or run a client application <NUM>, which can correspond to the client application <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed) and/or the application <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed). The client application <NUM> includes instructions to operate the client device <NUM> causing the client device <NUM> to perform any or all of the client device functions described herein. The set of short-range transmitters <NUM> are distributed within a passenger cabin, such as the passenger cabin <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed), and correspond to the set of short-range transmitters <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed). Each short-range transmitter <NUM> can be of any type of transmitter appropriate for short-range communications within the passenger cabin, such as, e.g., a passive RFID transmitter. Each short-range transmitter <NUM> can be placed within a passenger cabin such as described above with reference to <FIG> and <FIG>.

The one or more mid-range transmitters <NUM> can be placed within the passenger cabin, such as the passenger cabin <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed), and correspond to any one of the mid-range transmitters <NUM> or <NUM> (<FIG>, already discussed). Each mid-range transmitter <NUM> can be of any type of transmitter appropriate for mid-range communications within the passenger cabin, such as, e.g., a passive RFID transmitter or a WiFi transmitter. Each mid-range transmitter can be placed within a passenger cabin such as described above with reference to <FIG> and <FIG>, <FIG>. In addition, the one or more mid-range transmitters <NUM> are configured for data communication with the server <NUM> and/or the client device <NUM> via the network <NUM>, and can be distributed within the passenger cabin to provide connectivity via network <NUM> to all portions of the passenger cabin.

In operation, the wayfinding assistance system <NUM> provides wayfinding assistance to a visually-impaired passenger using the client device <NUM>. In examples, the wayfinding assistance system <NUM> operates in a manner similar to the wayfinding assistance system <NUM> as described herein (including <FIG>, already discussed). In particular, the interactions between the client device <NUM> and the short-range transmitters <NUM> can be the same as the interactions between the client device <NUM> and the short-range transmitters <NUM> as described herein (including <FIG>, already discussed). Accordingly, the similarities in operation will not be repeated here, but differences in operation of the wayfinding assistance system <NUM> will be discussed.

For example, in examples, when interacting with the short-range transmitters <NUM>, the client application <NUM> causes the client device <NUM> to be in communication with the server <NUM> via the network <NUM>. Upon receiving a signal with waypoint identifier from a short-range transmitter <NUM>, the client device <NUM> sends the received waypoint identifier to the server <NUM>. The server <NUM> determines the waypoint information (e.g., seat row number) based on the waypoint identifier and sends the waypoint information to the client device <NUM> which, in turn, emits an audible and/or haptic signal to the visually-impaired passenger as wayfinding assistance. In examples, the server <NUM> can determine the waypoint information based on the waypoint identifier such as, e.g., by retrieving a seating configuration for the passenger cabin and looking up the waypoint identifier (e.g., corresponding to a seat row number) in the seating configuration. The seating configuration can be stored, e.g., in the database <NUM>.

As another example, in examples, the server <NUM> is in communication with service areas such as, e.g., lavatories, food service counters, etc. described with reference to <FIG>. Communication between the server <NUM> and any one or more service areas can be accomplished via the network <NUM> in communication with one or more mid-range transmitters <NUM>. In examples, the server <NUM> can be connected to one or more service areas via another network (wired or wireless). To obtain information regarding a service area (e.g., a lavatory), the client device <NUM> sends a query for service area information to the server <NUM>. In some examples, the client device <NUM> can receive a transmission, from a corresponding mid-range transmitter <NUM>, with a waypoint identifier for the service area; the client device <NUM> then sends a query with the identifier for the service area to the server <NUM>. The server <NUM> can determine information regarding the service area(s) and send the information to the client device <NUM> which, in turn, emits an audible and/or haptic signal to the visually-impaired passenger as wayfinding assistance. In examples, the server <NUM> can determine the service area location based on the waypoint identifier such as, e.g., by retrieving a service area configuration for the passenger cabin and looking up the waypoint identifier (e.g., corresponding to a service area such as a lavatory) in the service area configuration. The service area configuration can be stored, e.g., in the database <NUM>. In examples, the server <NUM> maintains an updated status for each service area, and sends the status information to the client device <NUM> in response to a query. For example, when the service area is a lavatory, the server <NUM> maintains a status for the lavatory (e.g., open or occupied). In examples, the server <NUM> can obtain information relating to seating configuration, service area configuration and/or service area status from the information and entertainment system <NUM>.

<FIG> provides a flow diagram illustrating an example method <NUM> of operating a server for use in a wayfinding assistance system according to one or more examples, with reference to components and features described herein including but not limited to the figures and associated description. The method <NUM> can be performed by a server application executing (or running) on a server such as, e.g., the server application <NUM> executing on the server <NUM>. More particularly, the method <NUM> can be implemented in one or more modules as a set of program or logic instructions stored in a machine- or computer-readable storage medium such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), firmware, flash memory, etc., in configurable logic such as, for example, programmable logic arrays (PLAs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), in fixed-functionality logic hardware using circuit technology such as, for example, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or transistor-transistor logic (TTL) technology, or any combination thereof.

The method <NUM> can include receiving, from the client device, a waypoint identifier, as illustrated in processing block <NUM>. Illustrated processing block <NUM> provides for determining, from the waypoint identifier, wayfinding information. Illustrated processing block <NUM> provides for sending the wayfinding information to the client device. In examples, the wayfinding information includes a seat row number corresponding to a respective waypoint as the user of the client device passes within a range of one of the plurality of short-range transmitters. In some examples, the method <NUM> includes retrieving a seating configuration for the passenger cabin, as shown in illustrated processing block <NUM>, and determining the seat row number corresponding to the respective waypoint based on the seating configuration, as shown in illustrated processing block <NUM>. In some examples, illustrated processing blocks <NUM> and <NUM> can be substituted for illustrated processing block <NUM>. In some examples, the method <NUM> includes, at illustrated processing block <NUM>, receiving a query from the client device regarding a service area. Illustrated processing block <NUM> provides for retrieving a service area configuration for the passenger cabin, and determining a location of the service area in the passenger cabin based on the service area configuration, as shown in illustrated processing block <NUM>. Illustrated processing block <NUM> provides for retrieving status information for the service area. Illustrated processing block <NUM> provides for sending the location and the status information for the service area to the client device.

Examples of each of the above systems, devices, components and/or methods, including the wayfinding assistance system <NUM>, the client device <NUM>, the client device <NUM>, the client device <NUM>, the method <NUM>, the wayfinding assistance system <NUM>, the method <NUM>, and/or portions thereof, and/or any other system components, can be implemented in hardware, software, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, hardware implementations can include configurable logic such as, for example, programmable logic arrays (PLAs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), or fixed-functionality logic hardware using circuit technology such as, for example, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or transistor-transistor logic (TTL) technology, or any combination thereof.

Alternatively, or additionally, all or portions of the foregoing systems and/or components and/or methods can be implemented in one or more modules as a set of program or logic instructions stored in a machine- or computer-readable storage medium such as RAM, ROM, PROM, firmware, flash memory, etc., to be executed by a processor or computing device. For example, computer program code to carry out the operations of the components can be written in any combination of one or more operating system (OS) applicable/appropriate programming languages, including an object-oriented programming language such as PYTHON, PERL, JAVA, SMALLTALK, C++, C# or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages.

Further, the disclosure comprises additional examples as detailed in the following examples.

Example <NUM> includes a wayfinding assistance system, wherein the second mid-range transmitter is an active RFID transmitter.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance system, wherein the second mid-range transmitter is connected to an information communication signal for the passenger cabin.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance system, wherein the service area is a lavatory, wherein the status of the service area is a status of the lavatory, wherein the location of the service area is a location of the lavatory, and wherein the information regarding the aircraft, the transit vehicle or the vessel includes one or more of a seat belt fasten status or a food service status.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance system, wherein the first haptic signal includes an indication of the seat row number relative to a seat row number assigned to the user of the client device.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance system, further comprising a plurality of terminal transmitters distributed within a passenger terminal associated with the aircraft, the transit vehicle or the vessel, wherein each terminal transmitter of the plurality of terminal transmitters is located proximate to a respective waypoint in the passenger terminal, and wherein each terminal transmitter of the plurality of terminal transmitters is configured to transmit a wireless signal identifying the respective waypoint in the passenger terminal, and wherein the client device is configured for communication with each of the plurality of terminal transmitters, and wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the client device to responsive to passing within a range of a one of the plurality of terminal transmitters, receive a fourth transmission from the one of the plurality of terminal transmitters, and emit one or more of a fourth audible signal or a fourth haptic signal, based on the fourth transmission, as terminal wayfinding assistance to the user of the client device.

Example <NUM> includes the system of wayfinding assistance Example <NUM>, wherein the terminal wayfinding assistance includes information directing the user of the client device from the passenger terminal to the aircraft, the transit vehicle or the vessel.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance method, further comprising providing a second mid-range transmitter located in the passenger cabin, wherein the second mid-range transmitter is configured to transmit a second mid-range wireless signal providing information regarding the aircraft, the transit vehicle or the vessel, wherein the client device is configured for communication with the second mid-range transmitter, and wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the client device to receive a third transmission from the second mid-range transmitter, and emit one or more of a third audible signal or a third haptic signal indicating the information regarding the aircraft, the transit vehicle or the vessel.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance method, wherein the first mid-range transmitter is connected to a status communication signal for the service area, wherein the second mid-range transmitter is connected to an information communication signal for the passenger cabin, wherein the service area is a lavatory, wherein the status of the service area is a status of the lavatory, wherein the location of the service area is a location of the lavatory, and wherein the information regarding the aircraft, the transit vehicle or the vessel includes one or more of a seat belt fasten status or a food service status.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance method, wherein the first haptic signal includes an indication of the seat row number relative to a seat row number assigned to the user of the client device.

Example <NUM> includes at least one non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a client device, cause the client device to responsive to passing within a range of one of a plurality of short-range transmitters, receive a first transmission from the one of the plurality of short-range transmitters, and emit one or more of a first audible signal or a first haptic signal, based on the first transmission, as wayfinding assistance to a user of the client device, wherein the plurality of short-range transmitters is distributed within a passenger cabin, the passenger cabin situated within one of an aircraft, a transit vehicle or a vessel, wherein each short-range transmitter of the plurality of short-range transmitters is located proximate to a respective waypoint in the passenger cabin, and wherein each short-range transmitter of the plurality of short-range transmitters is configured to transmit a short-range wireless signal within a short-range field, the short-range wireless signal including a waypoint identifier to identify the respective waypoint in the passenger cabin.

Example <NUM> includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable medium of Example <NUM>, wherein each respective waypoint is a seat row in the passenger cabin, and wherein the wayfinding assistance includes indicating a seat row number corresponding to the respective waypoint as the user of the client device passes within the range of the one of the plurality of short-range transmitters.

Example <NUM> includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable medium of Example <NUM> or <NUM>, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the client device to retrieve a seating configuration for the passenger cabin, and determine the seat row number corresponding to the respective waypoint based on the seating configuration. Example <NUM> includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable medium of any of Examples <NUM>-<NUM>, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the client device to receive a second transmission from a first mid-range transmitter, and emit one or more of a second audible signal or a second haptic signal indicating at least one of a status of a service area or a location of the service area relative to the client device, wherein the first mid-range transmitter is located proximate to the service area in the passenger cabin, and wherein the first mid-range transmitter is configured to transmit a first mid-range wireless signal providing at least one of the status of or the location of the service area.

Example <NUM> includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable medium of any of Examples <NUM>-<NUM>, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the client device to: retrieve a service area configuration for the passenger cabin, and determine the location of the service area relative to the client device based on the service area configuration and the second transmission from the first mid-range transmitter.

Example <NUM> includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable medium of any of Examples <NUM>-<NUM>, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the client device to receive a third transmission from a second mid-range transmitter, and emit one or more of a third audible signal or a third haptic signal indicating information regarding the aircraft, the transit vehicle or the vessel, wherein the second mid-range transmitter is located in the passenger cabin, and wherein the second mid-range transmitter is configured to transmit a second mid-range wireless signal providing the information regarding the aircraft, the transit vehicle or the vessel.

Example <NUM> includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable medium of any of Examples <NUM>-<NUM>, wherein the first mid-range transmitter is connected to a status communication signal for the service area, wherein the second mid-range transmitter is connected to an information communication signal for the passenger cabin, wherein the service area is a lavatory, wherein the status of the service area is a status of the lavatory, wherein location of the service area is a location of the lavatory, and wherein the information regarding the aircraft, the transit vehicle or the vessel includes one or more of a seat belt fasten status or a food service status.

Example <NUM> includes the at least one non-transitory computer readable medium of any of Examples <NUM>-<NUM>, wherein the first haptic signal includes an indication of the seat row number relative to a seat row number assigned to the user of the client device.

Example <NUM> includes a wayfinding assistance system for visually-impaired passengers, comprising a plurality of short-range transmitters distributed within a passenger cabin, the passenger cabin situated within one of an aircraft, a transit vehicle or a vessel, wherein each short-range transmitter of the plurality of short-range transmitters is located proximate to a respective waypoint in the passenger cabin, and wherein each short-range transmitter of the plurality of short-range transmitters is configured to transmit a short-range wireless signal within a short-range field, the short-range wireless signal including a waypoint identifier to identify the respective waypoint in the passenger cabin, a server configured for data communication with a client device via a wireless network, the server comprising a processor and memory coupled to the processor, the memory storing a server application comprising server instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the server to receive, from the client device, the waypoint identifier, determine, from the waypoint identifier, wayfinding information, and send the wayfinding information to the client device, and a non-transitory machine-readable medium storing a client application comprising client instructions for execution on the client device, wherein the client device is configured for communication with the server, via the wireless network, and with each of the plurality of short-range transmitters, and wherein the client instructions, when executed, cause the client device to responsive to passing within a range of one of the plurality of short-range transmitters, receive, from the one of the plurality of short-range transmitters, a first transmission including the waypoint identifier, send, to the server, the waypoint identifier, receive, from the server, the wayfinding information, and emit one or more of a first audible signal or a first haptic signal, based on the wayfinding information, as wayfinding assistance to a user of the client device.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance system of Example <NUM>, wherein each of the short-range transmitters is a passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) transmitter.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance system of Example <NUM> or <NUM>, wherein each respective waypoint is a seat row in the passenger cabin, and wherein the wayfinding assistance includes indicating a seat row number corresponding to the respective waypoint as the user of the client device passes within the range of the one of the plurality of short-range transmitters.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance system of any of Examples <NUM>-<NUM>, wherein the server instructions, when executed, cause the server to retrieve a seating configuration for the passenger cabin, and determine the seat row number corresponding to the respective waypoint based on the seating configuration.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance system of Example <NUM>, wherein the server instructions, when executed, cause the server to receive a query from the client device regarding a service area in the passenger cabin, retrieve a service area configuration for the passenger cabin, determine a location of the service area in the passenger cabin based on the service area configuration, retrieve status information for the service area, and send the location and the status information for the service area to the client device.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance system of any of Examples <NUM>-<NUM>, further comprising a mid-range transmitter located proximate to the service area, wherein the mid-range transmitter is configured to transmit a mid-range wireless signal providing the location of the service area, wherein the client device is configured for communication with the mid-range transmitter, and wherein the client instructions, when executed, further cause the client device to receive a second transmission from the mid-range transmitter, and emit one or more of a second audible signal or a second haptic signal indicating the location of the service area relative to the client device.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance system of any of Examples <NUM>-<NUM>, wherein the mid-range transmitter is an active RFID transmitter.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance system of any of Examples <NUM>-<NUM>, wherein the service area is a lavatory, wherein the status information for the service area is a status of the lavatory, and wherein the location of the service area is a location of the lavatory.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance system of any of Examples <NUM>-<NUM>, wherein the server instructions, when executed, cause the server to send information regarding the aircraft, the transit vehicle or the vessel to the client device.

Example <NUM> includes the wayfinding assistance system of any of Examples <NUM>-<NUM>, wherein the information regarding the aircraft, the transit vehicle or the vessel includes one or more of a seat belt fasten status or a food service status.

Examples are applicable for use with all types of semiconductor integrated circuit ("IC") chips. Examples of these IC chips include but are not limited to processors, controllers, chipset components, programmable logic arrays (PLAs), memory chips, network chips, systems on chip (SoCs), SSD/NAND controller ASICs, and the like. In addition, in some of the drawings, signal conductor lines are represented with lines. Some may be different, to indicate more constituent signal paths, have a number label, to indicate a number of constituent signal paths, and/or have arrows at one or more ends, to indicate primary information flow direction. This, however, should not be construed in a limiting manner. Rather, such added detail may be used in connection with one or more exemplary examples to facilitate easier understanding of a circuit. Any represented signal lines, whether or not having additional information, may actually comprise one or more signals that may travel in multiple directions and may be implemented with any suitable type of signal scheme, e.g., digital or analog lines implemented with differential pairs, optical fiber lines, and/or single-ended lines.

Example sizes/models/values/ranges may have been given, although examples are not limited to the same. As manufacturing techniques (e.g., photolithography) mature over time, it is expected that devices of smaller size could be manufactured. In addition, well known power/ground connections to IC chips and other components may or may not be shown within the figures, for simplicity of illustration and discussion, and so as not to obscure certain aspects of the examples. Further, arrangements may be shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring examples, and also in view of the fact that specifics with respect to implementation of such block diagram arrangements are highly dependent upon the platform within which the example is to be implemented, i.e., such specifics should be well within purview of one skilled in the art. Where specific details (e.g., circuits) are set forth in order to describe example examples, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that examples can be practiced without, or with variation of, these specific details. The description is thus to be regarded as illustrative instead of limiting.

The term "coupled" may be used herein to refer to any type of relationship, direct or indirect, between the components in question, and may apply to electrical, mechanical, fluid, optical, electromagnetic, electromechanical or other connections, including logical connections via intermediate components (e.g., device A may be coupled to device C via device B). In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. may be used herein only to facilitate discussion, and carry no particular temporal or chronological significance unless otherwise indicated.

As used in this application and in the claims, a list of items joined by the term "one or more of" may mean any combination of the listed terms. For example, the phrase "one or more of A, B or C" may mean A, B, C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B and C.

Claim 1:
A wayfinding assistance system (<NUM>) for visually-impaired passengers, comprising:
a plurality of short-range transmitters (<NUM>) distributed within a passenger cabin (<NUM>), the passenger cabin (<NUM>) situated within one of an aircraft, a transit vehicle or a vessel,
wherein each short-range transmitter (<NUM>) of the plurality of short-range transmitters (<NUM>) is located proximate to a respective waypoint in the passenger cabin (<NUM>), and
wherein each short-range transmitter (<NUM>) of the plurality of short-range transmitters (<NUM>) is configured to transmit a short-range wireless signal within a short-range field, the short-range wireless signal including a waypoint
identifier to identify the respective waypoint in the passenger cabin (<NUM>);
the wayfinding system further comprising:
a first mid-range transmitter (<NUM>) located proximate to a service area in the passenger cabin (<NUM>), wherein the first mid-range transmitter (<NUM>) is connected to a status communication signal for the service area and is configured to transmit a first mid-range wireless signal providing a status of and a location of the service area; and
a non-transitory machine-readable medium storing a client application (<NUM>) comprising instructions for execution on a client device (<NUM>), wherein the client device (<NUM>) is configured for communication with each of the plurality of short-range transmitters (<NUM>), and wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the client device (<NUM>) to:
responsive to passing within a range of one of the plurality of short-range transmitters (<NUM>), receive a first transmission from the one of the plurality of short-range transmitters (<NUM>); and
emit one or more of a first audible signal or a first haptic signal, based on the first transmission, as wayfinding assistance to a user of the client device (<NUM>), wherein
the client device (<NUM>) is further configured for communication with the first mid-range transmitter (<NUM>), and wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the client device (<NUM>) to:
receive a second transmission from the first mid-range transmitter (<NUM>); and
emit one or more of a second audible signal or a second haptic signal indicating the status of the service area and the location of the service area relative to the client device (<NUM>).