Patent Description:
Industrial process control and automation systems are often used to automate large and complex industrial processes. These types of systems routinely include sensors, actuators, and controllers. The controllers typically receive measurements from the sensors and generate control signals for the actuators. Input/output (I/O) modules are often used to support the transport of data between the sensors, controllers, and actuators. In some instances, it is necessary or desirable to remove a component from an industrial process control and automation system. For example, an I/O module may need to be removed from a unit so that it can be replaced with another I/O module.

[<NUM>] Examples of currently used systems can be found in the following documents:.

The invention is set out in accordance with the appended claims. This invention provides a method and apparatus for providing early warning of the extraction of a module under power.

In the invention, an apparatus includes a connector configured to be electrically coupled to electrical circuitry. The connector has multiple pins, including one or more first pins and one or more second pins. The one or more second pins are longer than the one or more first pins. The apparatus also includes a signal generator configured to (i) detect disconnection of the one or more first pins prior to disconnection of the one or more second pins and (ii) generate a signal in response to detecting the disconnection of the one or more first pins.

In the invention, a method includes detecting a disconnect event associated with a connector that is electrically coupled to electrical circuitry. The connector has multiple pins, including one or more first pins and one or more second pins. The one or more second pins are longer than the one or more first pins. The method also includes generating a signal in response to detecting the disconnect event. The disconnect event is detected in response to disconnection of the one or more first pins prior to disconnection of the one or more second pins.

In the invention, an apparatus includes a connector configured to be electrically coupled to electrical circuitry, where the connector has multiple pins. The apparatus also includes a signal generator configured to (i) detect disconnection of a first subset of the pins prior to disconnection of a second subset of the pins and (ii) generate a signal in response to detecting the disconnection of the first subset of the pins. The connector includes multiple portions. Each portion of the connector is configured to disconnect at least one of the pins while leaving remaining pins connected.

Among other things, this provides a mechanism that can automatically alert active circuitry that a module is being physically removed from a larger system. This early warning can be used to ensure that the active circuitry enters a benign state in a controlled manner while the module is being extracted. Entering this benign state can help to prevent the active circuitry from causing upsets or disruptions to, for example, a larger control system from which the module is being removed.

For a more complete understanding of this invention, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:.

<FIG>, discussed below, and the various embodiments used to describe the principles of the present invention in this patent document are by way of illustration only and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the invention.

<FIG> illustrates an example industrial process control and automation system <NUM> according to this disclosure. As shown in <FIG>, the system <NUM> includes various components that facilitate production or processing of at least one product or other material. For instance, the system <NUM> is used here to facilitate control over components in one or multiple plants 101a-101n. Each plant 101a-101n represents one or more processing facilities (or one or more portions thereof), such as one or more manufacturing facilities for producing at least one product or other material. In general, each plant 101a-101n may implement one or more processes and can individually or collectively be referred to as a process system. A process system generally represents any system or portion thereof configured to process one or more products or other materials in some manner.

In <FIG>, the system <NUM> is implemented using the Purdue model of process control. In the Purdue model, "Level <NUM>" may include one or more sensors 102a and one or more actuators 102b. The sensors 102a and actuators 102b represent components in a process system that may perform any of a wide variety of functions. For example, the sensors 102a could measure a wide variety of characteristics in the process system, such as temperature, pressure, or flow rate. Also, the actuators 102b could alter a wide variety of characteristics in the process system. The sensors 102a and actuators 102b could represent any other or additional components in any suitable process system. Each of the sensors 102a includes any suitable structure for measuring one or more characteristics in a process system. Each of the actuators 102b includes any suitable structure for operating on or affecting one or more conditions in a process system.

At least one network <NUM> is coupled to the sensors 102a and actuators 102b. The network <NUM> facilitates interaction with the sensors 102a and actuators 102b. For example, the network <NUM> could transport measurement data from the sensors 102a and provide control signals to the actuators 102b. The network <NUM> could represent any suitable network or combination of networks. As particular examples, the network <NUM> could represent an Ethernet network, an electrical signal network (such as a HART or FOUNDATION FIELDBUS network), a pneumatic control signal network, or any other or additional type(s) of network(s).

In the Purdue model, "Level <NUM>" may include one or more controllers <NUM>, which are coupled to the network <NUM>. Among other things, each controller <NUM> may use the measurements from one or more sensors 102a to control the operation of one or more actuators 102b. For example, a controller <NUM> could receive measurement data from one or more sensors 102a and use the measurement data to generate control signals for one or more actuators 102b. Each controller <NUM> includes any suitable structure for interacting with one or more sensors 102a and controlling one or more actuators 102b. Each controller <NUM> could, for example, represent a multivariable controller, such as a Robust Multivariable Predictive Control Technology (RMPCT) controller or other type of controller implementing model predictive control (MPC) or other advanced predictive control (APC). As a particular example, each controller <NUM> could represent a computing device running a real-time operating system.

Two networks <NUM> are coupled to the controllers <NUM>. The networks <NUM> facilitate interaction with the controllers <NUM>, such as by transporting data to and from the controllers <NUM>. The networks <NUM> could represent any suitable networks or combination of networks. As particular examples, the networks <NUM> could represent a pair of Ethernet networks or a redundant pair of Ethernet networks, such as a FAULT TOLERANT ETHERNET (FTE) network from HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.

At least one switch/firewall <NUM> couples the networks <NUM> to two networks <NUM>. The switch/firewall <NUM> may transport traffic from one network to another. The switch/firewall <NUM> may also block traffic on one network from reaching another network. The switch/firewall <NUM> includes any suitable structure for providing communication between networks, such as a HONEYWELL CONTROL FIREWALL (CF9) device. The networks <NUM> could represent any suitable networks, such as a pair of Ethernet networks or an FTE network.

In the Purdue model, "Level <NUM>" may include one or more machine-level controllers <NUM> coupled to the networks <NUM>. The machine-level controllers <NUM> perform various functions to support the operation and control of the controllers <NUM>, sensors 102a, and actuators 102b, which could be associated with a particular piece of industrial equipment (such as a boiler or other machine). For example, the machine-level controllers <NUM> could log information collected or generated by the controllers <NUM>, such as measurement data from the sensors 102a or control signals for the actuators 102b. The machine-level controllers <NUM> could also execute applications that control the operation of the controllers <NUM>, thereby controlling the operation of the actuators 102b. In addition, the machine-level controllers <NUM> could provide secure access to the controllers <NUM>. Each of the machine-level controllers <NUM> includes any suitable structure for providing access to, control of, or operations related to a machine or other individual piece of equipment. Each of the machine-level controllers <NUM> could, for example, represent a server computing device running a MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating system. Although not shown, different machine-level controllers <NUM> could be used to control different pieces of equipment in a process system (where each piece of equipment is associated with one or more controllers <NUM>, sensors 102a, and actuators 102b).

One or more operator stations <NUM> are coupled to the networks <NUM>. The operator stations <NUM> represent computing or communication devices providing user access to the machine-level controllers <NUM>, which could then provide user access to the controllers <NUM> (and possibly the sensors 102a and actuators 102b). As particular examples, the operator stations <NUM> could allow users to review the operational history of the sensors 102a and actuators 102b using information collected by the controllers <NUM> and/or the machine-level controllers <NUM>. The operator stations <NUM> could also allow the users to adjust the operation of the sensors 102a, actuators 102b, controllers <NUM>, or machine-level controllers <NUM>. In addition, the operator stations <NUM> could receive and display warnings, alerts, or other messages or displays generated by the controllers <NUM> or the machine-level controllers <NUM>. Each of the operator stations <NUM> includes any suitable structure for supporting user access and control of one or more components in the system <NUM>. Each of the operator stations <NUM> could, for example, represent a computing device running a MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating system.

At least one router/firewall <NUM> couples the networks <NUM> to two networks <NUM>. The router/firewall <NUM> includes any suitable structure for providing communication between networks, such as a secure router or combination router/firewall. The networks <NUM> could represent any suitable networks, such as a pair of Ethernet networks or an FTE network.

In the Purdue model, "Level <NUM>" may include one or more unit-level controllers <NUM> coupled to the networks <NUM>. Each unit-level controller <NUM> is typically associated with a unit in a process system, which represents a collection of different machines operating together to implement at least part of a process. The unit-level controllers <NUM> perform various functions to support the operation and control of components in the lower levels. For example, the unit-level controllers <NUM> could log information collected or generated by the components in the lower levels, execute applications that control the components in the lower levels, and provide secure access to the components in the lower levels. Each of the unit-level controllers <NUM> includes any suitable structure for providing access to, control of, or operations related to one or more machines or other pieces of equipment in a process unit. Each of the unit-level controllers <NUM> could, for example, represent a server computing device running a MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating system. Although not shown, different unit-level controllers <NUM> could be used to control different units in a process system (where each unit is associated with one or more machine-level controllers <NUM>, controllers <NUM>, sensors 102a, and actuators 102b).

Access to the unit-level controllers <NUM> may be provided by one or more operator stations <NUM>. Each of the operator stations <NUM> includes any suitable structure for supporting user access and control of one or more components in the system <NUM>. Each of the operator stations <NUM> could, for example, represent a computing device running a MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating system.

In the Purdue model, "Level <NUM>" may include one or more plant-level controllers <NUM> coupled to the networks <NUM>. Each plant-level controller <NUM> is typically associated with one of the plants 101a-101n, which may include one or more process units that implement the same, similar, or different processes. The plant-level controllers <NUM> perform various functions to support the operation and control of components in the lower levels. As particular examples, the plant-level controller <NUM> could execute one or more manufacturing execution system (MES) applications, scheduling applications, or other or additional plant or process control applications. Each of the plant-level controllers <NUM> includes any suitable structure for providing access to, control of, or operations related to one or more process units in a process plant. Each of the plant-level controllers <NUM> could, for example, represent a server computing device running a MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating system.

Access to the plant-level controllers <NUM> may be provided by one or more operator stations <NUM>. Each of the operator stations <NUM> includes any suitable structure for supporting user access and control of one or more components in the system <NUM>. Each of the operator stations <NUM> could, for example, represent a computing device running a MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating system.

At least one router/firewall <NUM> couples the networks <NUM> to one or more networks <NUM>. The router/firewall <NUM> includes any suitable structure for providing communication between networks, such as a secure router or combination router/firewall. The network <NUM> could represent any suitable network, such as an enterprise-wide Ethernet or other network or all or a portion of a larger network (such as the Internet).

In the Purdue model, "Level <NUM>" may include one or more enterprise-level controllers <NUM> coupled to the network <NUM>. Each enterprise-level controller <NUM> is typically able to perform planning operations for multiple plants 101a-101n and to control various aspects of the plants 101a-101n. The enterprise-level controllers <NUM> can also perform various functions to support the operation and control of components in the plants 101a-101n. As particular examples, the enterprise-level controller <NUM> could execute one or more order processing applications, enterprise resource planning (ERP) applications, advanced planning and scheduling (APS) applications, or any other or additional enterprise control applications. Each of the enterprise-level controllers <NUM> includes any suitable structure for providing access to, control of, or operations related to the control of one or more plants. Each of the enterprise-level controllers <NUM> could, for example, represent a server computing device running a MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating system. In this document, the term "enterprise" refers to an organization having one or more plants or other processing facilities to be managed. Note that if a single plant 101a is to be managed, the functionality of the enterprise-level controller <NUM> could be incorporated into the plant-level controller <NUM>.

Access to the enterprise-level controllers <NUM> may be provided by one or more operator stations <NUM>. Each of the operator stations <NUM> includes any suitable structure for supporting user access and control of one or more components in the system <NUM>. Each of the operator stations <NUM> could, for example, represent a computing device running a MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating system.

Various levels of the Purdue model can include other components, such as one or more databases. The database(s) associated with each level could store any suitable information associated with that level or one or more other levels of the system <NUM>. For example, a historian <NUM> can be coupled to the network <NUM>. The historian <NUM> could represent a component that stores various information about the system <NUM>. The historian <NUM> could, for instance, store information used during production scheduling and optimization. The historian <NUM> represents any suitable structure for storing and facilitating retrieval of information. Although shown as a single centralized component coupled to the network <NUM>, the historian <NUM> could be located elsewhere in the system <NUM>, or multiple historians could be distributed in different locations in the system <NUM>.

In particular embodiments, the various controllers and operator stations in <FIG> may represent computing devices. For example, each of the controllers could include one or more processing devices <NUM> and one or more memories <NUM> for storing instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the processing device(s) <NUM>. Each of the controllers could also include at least one network interface <NUM>, such as one or more Ethernet interfaces or wireless transceivers. Also, each of the operator stations could include one or more processing devices <NUM> and one or more memories <NUM> for storing instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the processing device(s) <NUM>. Each of the operator stations could also include at least one network interface <NUM>, such as one or more Ethernet interfaces or wireless transceivers.

As described above, it may become necessary or desirable to remove a component from the industrial process control and automation system <NUM>. For example, an input/output (I/O) module may need to be removed from one of the various controllers in <FIG> so that it can be replaced with another I/O module. During the removal of a module, a current control circuit in the module or other component (such as the component from which the module is being removed) could lose connectivity to a sense point used to monitor or control an electrical current. For example, a current control circuit could lose connectivity to a sense point while a transistor in an output channel is being disconnected. As a result, the output electrical current from the module or other component can be negatively affected during this time, such as by increasing or decreasing rapidly. This can cause upsets or disruptions to or within the control and automation system <NUM>.

In a prior approach, a circuit supporting a "secondary means of de-energization" (SMOD) was provided to isolate a faulty channel from remaining circuitry. The SMOD circuit also functioned to effectively handle upsets or disruptions caused when a module was being removed while under power. However, the SMOD circuit included various diodes and transistors to support this functionality, making it a relatively expensive solution to this problem.

In accordance with this disclosure, disruptions or upsets to an active control system can be reduced or prevented by facilitating the transition of electrical circuitry (such as in a module that is being removed from a system) to a benign state, which occurs prior to the interruption of power to that circuitry. As described in more detail below, a module could include a multilevel connector that is configured to be electrically coupled to electrical circuitry. The connector includes multiple pins, including one or more shorter first pins and one or more longer second pins. The connector also includes an early warning pulse generator (EWPG) configured to generate a signal in response to detecting disconnection of the one or more first pins prior to disconnection of the one or more second pins. The signal can be transmitted to the electrical circuitry before the disengagement of the one or more second pins. In this way, the electrical circuitry can enter a benign state in a controlled manner while the module is being extracted. Ideally, this reduces or prevents rapidly increasing or decreasing currents or other transients from causing upsets or disruptions to or within the control and automation system <NUM>. Additional details regarding the use of a connector in this manner are provided below.

Although <FIG> illustrates one example of an industrial process control and automation system <NUM>, various changes may be made to <FIG>. For example, a control system could include any number of sensors, actuators, controllers, servers, operator stations, networks, and multilevel connectors. Also, the makeup and arrangement of the system <NUM> in <FIG> is for illustration only. Components could be added, omitted, combined, or placed in any other suitable configuration according to particular needs. Further, particular functions have been described as being performed by particular components of the system <NUM>. This is for illustration only. In general, process control systems are highly configurable and can be configured in any suitable manner according to particular needs. In addition, <FIG> illustrates an example environment in which early warning signal generation can be used. This functionality can be used in any other suitable device or system.

<FIG> illustrates an example module and circuit board system <NUM> according to this disclosure. The system <NUM> shown here could, for example, be used in various controllers or other components shown in <FIG>. However, the system <NUM> could be used in any other suitable system.

As shown in <FIG>, the system <NUM> includes a circuit board <NUM> and one or more modules <NUM>-<NUM>. The circuit board <NUM> generally represents any suitable substrate on which electrical traces and circuit components can be formed or disposed. The circuit board <NUM> also includes components for electrically coupling the circuit board <NUM> to the modules <NUM>-<NUM>, such as a backplane and connectors for coupling to corresponding connectors on the modules <NUM>-<NUM>.

Each module <NUM>-<NUM> includes electrical circuitry for providing one or more desired functions. For example, each module <NUM>-<NUM> could represent an I/O module providing input/output functionality or a controller module providing control functionality (on any suitable level of a control system), although any other type(s) of module(s) could be used here. Each module <NUM>-<NUM> also includes components for electrically coupling to the circuit board <NUM>, such as connectors for coupling to the corresponding connectors on the circuit board <NUM>.

As described in more detail below, the connectors used to couple the circuit board <NUM> and the modules <NUM>-<NUM> represent multilevel connectors having pins of different lengths. Disengagement of one or more shorter pins could be detected prior to disengagement of one or more longer pins, allowing a signal to be generated in the circuit board <NUM> and/or in the modules <NUM>-<NUM>. The signal allows appropriate action to be taken to reduce or prevent upsets or disruptions to or within the control and automation system <NUM>.

Although <FIG> illustrates one example of a module and circuit board system <NUM>, various changes may be made to <FIG>. For example, while shown as having a single circuit board with two modules, a system could include any number of modules mounted to any number of circuit boards. Also, the form factors of the various components shown here is for illustration only.

<FIG> illustrates an example pin configuration <NUM> used with an I/O module or other module according to this disclosure. In this particular example, the pin configuration <NUM> is shown as being used to couple a system backplane <NUM> and a module <NUM>, such as in the module and circuit board system <NUM> of <FIG>. However, the pin configuration <NUM> could be used in any other suitable connectors and in any other suitable system.

As shown in <FIG>, the system backplane <NUM> includes a supply rail pin receiver <NUM>, one or more short pin receivers <NUM>, and one or more long pin receivers <NUM>. One or more of the short pin receivers <NUM> and one or more of the long pin receivers <NUM> can be coupled to ground. Two or more short pin receivers <NUM> can also be linked together via linkages <NUM>.

The module <NUM> includes a supply rail pin <NUM>, which is coupled to a supply rail. When the supply rail pin <NUM> is inserted into the supply rail pin receiver <NUM>, electrical power can be supplied to the module <NUM> from the backplane <NUM>. In some embodiments, the supply rail pin <NUM> could represent a medium-length pin, meaning it is longer than some pins and shorter than other pins in the pin configuration <NUM>.

The module <NUM> also includes one or more short pins <NUM>, <NUM> and one or more long pins <NUM>. The long pin <NUM> shown here is coupled to ground. When the long pin <NUM> is inserted into the long pin receiver <NUM>, the module <NUM> is electrically coupled to ground via the backplane <NUM>.

The short pins <NUM>, <NUM> here can be inserted into the short pin receivers <NUM> of the backplane <NUM>. The short pin <NUM> is coupled to an early warning pulse generator (EWPG) <NUM>, and various short pins <NUM> are coupled to one another via linkages <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, the pins <NUM> and <NUM>, the pin receivers <NUM>, and the linkages <NUM> and <NUM> form an electrical path between the EWPG <NUM> and ground when the module <NUM> is connected to the backplane <NUM>.

The EWPG <NUM> uses this electrical path to detect when the module <NUM> is being disconnected from the backplane <NUM>. For example, when the module <NUM> initially begins to be pulled away from the backplane <NUM>, at least one short pin <NUM> or <NUM> is separated from its associated pin receiver <NUM>. The EWPG <NUM> can then detect that a path to ground is no longer available through the pin <NUM> and treat this as a disconnect event. As a particular example, the EWPG <NUM> could detect that current no longer flows through the pin <NUM> to ground. In response, the EWPG <NUM> can generate at least one pulse or other signal. This signal can be used by other circuitry within the module <NUM> to shut down the circuitry or otherwise place the circuitry into a benign state. The EWPG <NUM> represents any suitable circuitry that generates at least one pulse or other signal in response to detecting a disconnect event.

The arrangement in <FIG> generally creates a "daisy chain" configuration of the short pins, short pin receivers, and linkages. This configuration therefore forms an elongated electrical path that traces back and forth between the backplane <NUM> and the module <NUM>. This electrical path is broken any time one or more of the short pins <NUM>, <NUM> are removed from their corresponding short pin receivers <NUM>. In some embodiments, the module <NUM> can be removed unevenly from the backplane <NUM>, meaning not all short pins are removed simultaneously from their corresponding short pin receivers. As an example, the top short pin <NUM> or the bottom short pin <NUM> might be removed first during disconnection. In particular embodiments, the elongated electrical path could span across all or a substantial portion of the connector between the backplane <NUM> and the module <NUM>, which allows a disconnect event to be detected regardless of which short pin(s) might be removed first.

Note that because the supply rail pin <NUM> and the long pin <NUM> are longer than the short pins <NUM>, <NUM>, the module <NUM> ideally continues to receive power for a short period of time after a disconnect event begins. In this way, the EWPG <NUM> becomes active or generates an early warning signal in advance of any loss of power to the module <NUM>. In other words, the EWPG <NUM> can continue to operate while the module <NUM> is in the process of being physically removed from a larger system. This also allows other circuitry to receive the early warning signal from the EWPG <NUM> and take suitable action. The pin arrangement <NUM> here therefore uses a combination of pins of shorter length(s) and longer length(s) to support the detection of disconnect events while still allowing power to be supplied (albeit temporarily) during the disconnect events.

As noted above, the supply rail pin <NUM> could be longer than the short pins <NUM>, <NUM> but shorter than the long pin <NUM> coupled to ground. This allows a disconnect event to be detected when at least one short pin <NUM>, <NUM> is removed from its pin receiver <NUM>. During this time, a supply voltage continues to be provided to the module <NUM> via the supply rail pin <NUM>. Moreover, the long pin <NUM> coupled to ground may be longer than the supply rail pin <NUM> to help ensure that the ground connection of the module <NUM> is the last connection broken during module extraction. Since the shorter pins are used to generate the early warning signal, the early warning signal can be recognized by the module prior to other connector pins (such as the supply and ground pins) becoming disengaged. However, the pins <NUM> and <NUM> could have any suitable equal or unequal lengths, as long as each pin <NUM> and <NUM> is longer than one or more pins used for disconnect event detection.

Note that the arrangement of pins in <FIG> is for illustration only and that any suitable arrangement of shorter and longer pins could be used. For example, the longer and shorter pins could be connected in an alternating (interwoven) pattern between the module <NUM> and the backplane <NUM>.

Although <FIG> illustrates one example of a pin configuration <NUM> used with an I/O module or other module, various changes may be made to <FIG>. For example, the EWPG <NUM> could be located in the backplane <NUM> and used to generate early warning signals for circuitry on or coupled to the backplane <NUM>. The EWPG <NUM> could also be located in the backplane <NUM> and coupled to both a shorter pin and a longer pin of the module <NUM>, where the shorter pin is used for disconnect event detection and the longer pin is used to provide an early warning signal to the module <NUM>. Also, any number of short, medium, and long pins could be used with the pin configuration <NUM>. In addition, the early warning signal generation functionality described here could be used with any other suitable pin configuration. In addition, the pins and pin receivers could be reversed, with the backplane <NUM> containing the pins and the module <NUM> containing the pin receivers.

<FIG> illustrates an example system <NUM> in which early warning signal generation could be used according to this disclosure. The system <NUM> here includes various EXPERION devices, FAULT TOLERANT ETHERNET (FTE) networks, and SERIES C controllers, input/output (I/O) modules, and other devices from HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. The SERIES C I/O modules could use the early warning signal generation functionality described above. Note, however, that the early warning signal generation functionality could be used in any other suitable system.

<FIG> illustrates an example system <NUM> including an I/O module <NUM> in which early warning signal generation could be used according to this disclosure. As shown in <FIG>, the I/O module <NUM> is coupled via one or more pins <NUM> to a circuit board <NUM>. When an early warning signal is initiated as discussed above, a reset pulse or other signal is sent to one or more application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) units <NUM> before complete disengagement between the module <NUM> and the circuit board <NUM>. This allows the ASIC units <NUM> to reset, enter a benign state, or take other suitable action to reduce or avoid disruptions or upsets in a control and automation system. Note, however, that the early warning signal generation functionality could be used in any other suitable system. Also, note that while the ASIC units <NUM> are described here as using the early warning signal, any other suitable electrical circuitry within a module or backplane could use an early warning signal.

<FIG> illustrate example lower and upper connectors for coupling a module to a backplane or other structure according to this disclosure. In particular, <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG> relate to one portion of an example connector, while <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG> relate to another portion of the example connector. The different portions could be coupled to a module (such as a remote terminal unit or "RTU") and a backplane, although the portions of the connector could be used to couple any suitable module or other device to any suitable structure.

<FIG> and <FIG> illustrate an example connector diagram <NUM> for a portion of a connector. <FIG> illustrates an example pin configuration <NUM> that can be used in the connector diagram <NUM> of <FIG> and <FIG>. <FIG> and <FIG> illustrate an example connector diagram <NUM> for another portion of the connector. <FIG> illustrates an example pin configuration <NUM> that can be used in the connector diagram <NUM> of <FIG> and <FIG>.

Note that the connector diagrams <NUM>, <NUM> and the pin configurations <NUM>, <NUM> shown here are specific examples only. Other connectors and other pin configurations could also be used.

<FIG> illustrate other example pin configurations used with early warning signal generation according to this disclosure. As shown in <FIG>, a pin configuration <NUM> includes various pins <NUM> that are secured within a holder <NUM>. Similar to the pins illustrated in <FIG>, the pins <NUM> can be used to electrically connect a module to a backplane or form any other suitable electrical connection. Moreover, the pins <NUM> include shorter pins and longer pins so that, when a module (such as the module <NUM>) begins to disengage, the pins <NUM> disconnect in a staggered sequence. This can be detected and used to generate an early warning signal as described above.

As shown in <FIG>, a pin configuration <NUM> includes various pins <NUM> that are secured within a holder <NUM>. Here, the holder <NUM> is divided into multiple connected portions <NUM>. As the holder <NUM> is removed during a disconnect event, some pins disengage while remaining pins stay connected, for example because the holder <NUM> is removed at an angle from the electronic circuit board so that each pin disconnects at different times or slightly different times. More specifically, the pins connected to the portions <NUM> could disconnect before the pins connected to the portions <NUM> disconnect. Note that in this embodiment, the pins may or may not have different lengths.

<FIG> illustrates an example method <NUM> for providing early warning of the extraction of a module under power according to this disclosure. As shown in <FIG>, a disengagement of a subset of pins on a connector is detected at step <NUM>. This could include, for example, the EWPG <NUM> detecting that an electrical path through a module <NUM> and a backplane <NUM> to ground has broken. Note that a "subset" refers to any one or more elements (but not all elements) in a collection of elements.

Electrical power continues to be received during the disconnect event at step <NUM>. This could include, for example, the pins <NUM> and <NUM> continuing to provide an electrical path for the module <NUM> to receive electrical power from the backplane <NUM>, at least for a short period of time.

An early warning signal is generated in response to the disengagement at step <NUM>. This could include, for example, the EWPG <NUM> generating one or more pulses using the electrical power still being received through the connector. The early warning signal is transmitted, such as to external circuitry, to enable proper handling of the disconnect event at step <NUM>. This could include, for example, the EWPG <NUM> transmitting the pulse(s) to electrical circuitry within the module <NUM> or within the backplane <NUM> (via a longer pin) to prepare the electrical circuitry for the removal. This can occur while the electrical power is still being supplied via the pins <NUM>, <NUM> so that the electrical circuitry within the module <NUM> could take suitable protective action, such as resetting the ASIC units <NUM> or otherwise placing circuitry into a benign state.

Although <FIG> illustrates one example of a method <NUM> for providing early warning of the extraction of a module under power, various changes may be made to <FIG>. For example, while shown as a series of steps, various steps in <FIG> could overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or occur any number of times.

It may be advantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases used throughout this patent document. The phrase "associated with," as well as derivatives thereof, may mean to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be contained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicable with, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to or with, have, have a property of, have a relationship to or with, or the like.

Claim 1:
An apparatus comprising:
a connector (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) configured to be electrically coupled to electrical circuitry (<NUM>) comprising a first short pin receiver (<NUM>), at least two second short pin receiver (<NUM>) and one or more supply pin receivers (<NUM>), the connector comprising:
multiple pins including a plurality of first pins (<NUM>, <NUM>) and one or more second pins (<NUM>), the one or more second pins being longer than the first pins, the plurality of first pins including a first short pin (<NUM>) and at least two second short pin (<NUM>);
one or more third pins (<NUM>) being longer than the one or more second pins; and
a signal generator (<NUM>) coupled to the first short pin (<NUM>);
characterised in that:
the apparatus further comprises a linkage (<NUM>) coupling the at least two second pins (<NUM>); and the signal generator (<NUM>) is configured to:
detect, through the first short pin (<NUM>), disconnection of any of the second short pin (<NUM>) from any of the short pin receiver (<NUM>) while both (i) the first short pin remains connected to the first short pin receiver (<NUM>) and (ii) the one or more second pins (<NUM>) remain connected to the one or more supply pin receivers (<NUM>); and
generate a signal in response to detecting the disconnection of any of the second short pin (<NUM>) from any of the second short pin receiver (<NUM>);
the plurality of first pins (<NUM>, <NUM>) are configured to create an electrical path from the signal generator to ground, when the connector (<NUM>) is coupled to electrical circuitry;
the one or more second pins (<NUM>) are configured to provide a supply voltage to the electrical circuitry; and the one or more third pins (<NUM>) are configured to electrically couple the electrical circuitry to the ground.