Patent Description:
The value of open spaces like e.g. parking areas can be largely enhanced by installing solar carports: carports with a solar panel infrastructure on top, allowing to monetize space that is already in use. On the other hand, in the search to increasingly generate energy in a renewable way, solar carports offer great potential for installing additional solar power.

A carport is an open structure, typically comprising a roof structure carried by posts or columns, and allowing to accommodate regular cars as well as higher types of vehicles like SUV's, vans and small trucks. In general, a solar carport is either built as a solid structure of (reinforced) concrete, or it is constructed from steel profiles that are bolted together to form a steel skeleton. The latter results in a lighter structure of which the elements can easily be transported and quickly be assembled on site. However, because of their open structure, substantial height and light weight, steel solar carports need to be protected against ascending winds that could lift the entire structure.

Several solutions exist where additional ballast is used to offer the required stability of a solar panel installation. For example, in <CIT> underground concrete blocks are used. Using underground ballast for solar carports requires breaking of the existing parking space, resulting in an intrusive and costly installation process. The same disadvantage applies if new foundations are needed for installing the solar carport. The use of a concrete foundation to anchor the structure is e.g. disclosed in <CIT>. Therefore, such solutions are not suitable for existing parking areas, where a minimal damage to the parking ground is required.

<CIT> presents the use of concrete tiles placed over the entire ground surface as ballast underneath the solar panel installation Applying such a solution to solar carports, or providing a concrete base covering the entire existing parking implies a drastic change of the existing space, with the additional burden of eliminating the created level difference.

Another type of solution concerns the use of ballast placed around the posts or columns of a solar panel installation. Usually a fillable type of ballast is used here. An example of such a solution is found in <CIT>. In another variant, e.g. found in <CIT>, concrete ballast is placed in the area between the posts of a solar panel installation. In <CIT>, the vertical support members of the carport are attached to footings to provide additional stability to the frame assembly, and in <CIT> at least one concrete reinforced support is used. A main disadvantage of placing ballast around or in between the posts of a solar carport, is the introduction of additional obstacles, causing inconvenience for drivers and passengers e.g. when driving in and out or when leaving and entering the vehicle. Another structure according to the state of the art is disclosed in <CIT>.

It is an objective of the present invention to disclose a structure and assembling method for a solar carport, that resolves one or several of the above described shortcomings of the prior art solutions. More particularly, it is an objective to present a solution for stabilizing a solar carport, allowing for an easy and non-intrusive installation at an existing parking area, and resulting in a comfortable carport for drivers parking underneath.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, the above identified objectives are realised by a structure for a solar carport, defined by claim <NUM>, the structure comprising:.

wherein the ballast elements are construction elements adapted to be installed in the roof structure, and comprising concrete or reinforced concrete, thereby providing weight for stabilizing the solar carport, such that protection against ascending winds is provided.

Thus, the invention concerns a structure for a solar carport. A solar carport is a carport with a solar panel installation on top. Typically, a solar carport is an open structure comprising columns carrying a roof structure and a solar panel installation mounted on top of the roof structure. A solar panel installation comprises solar panels as well as construction elements e.g. for carrying, connecting or fixing the solar panels. Underneath the carport, between the columns, space is available to park vehicles. Typically, the height of the carport allows parking of regular cars underneath, as well as higher types of vehicles like SUV's, vans and small trucks.

Solar carports are typically installed at a parking area or car park, i.e. an open space providing multiple parking places. The parking area may e.g. be at ground level or may be the top level of a parking tower. A parking place provides space for parking a single vehicle, and has a length and width corresponding to the dimensions of a standard vehicle, with the length being the larger dimension and the width being the smaller dimension. Typically, the parking area provides multiple parking places next to each other, where the widths of the parking spaces together define the length of the parking area. When considering various parking areas, e.g. of different clients willing to install a solar carport, not every parking area is identical. The total length of the parking area as well as the dimensions of an individual parking place may differ from one parking area to the other.

The direction according to the length of the parking area, or according to the width of a single parking space, is defined as the longitudinal direction. The direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, i.e. the direction in which cars are parked, is defined as the transverse direction. Typically, the solar carport covers a whole row of parking spaces in longitudinal direction, and a pair of columns is repeated every one, two or more parking places. In the transverse direction, the distance between the columns may be smaller than the length of a parking space, in order to allow easy driving in.

The structure comprises a roof structure, adapted to support a solar panel installation. Typically, the solar panel installation comprises an infrastructure adapted to mount the solar panels on top of the roof structure. The roof structure comprises profiles. Profiles are construction elements with an elongated shape and with a specific cross section repeated along the length. The cross section may be massive (e.g. rectangular, circular,. ), open (e.g. H, I, U, T, Z,. -shaped cross section) or hollow (square, rectangular, circular,. Also more complex cross sections, e.g. customized in view of a specific application or characteristics, are possible. The specific shape of the cross section influences characteristics like the profile's stiffness, strength, deformation and weight. Various production techniques may be used to make a profile, e.g. roll forming, extrusion, welding, casting, etc. A profile is usually made of steel, but also other types of material are possible, e.g. Aluminium, composites, plastics, etc. Typically, profiles are produced in a production environment, and afterwards transported to be assembled on site, e.g. by bolting them together.

The profiles comprised in the roof structure are adapted to form the skeleton of the roof structure. This implies that assembly of the provided profiles leads to a framework that determines the basic configuration of the roof structure. For example, steel profiles bolted together may form such a skeleton, but steel bars or nets merely used for reinforcement (e.g. in a concrete roof), are not adapted to form such a skeleton. Additional to the profiles forming the skeleton, other elements may be comprised in the roof structure. The use of profiles, e.g. steel profiles, as a skeleton for the roof structure results in a lighter structure than when a massive concrete roof is provided. This allows for an easy transport and a short assembly time on site.

The structure further comprises columns, adapted to carry the roof structure. The columns serve as posts of the carport, being installed upright, and the roof structure installed at the top end of the columns. The columns may have different lengths, e.g. in order to cope with level differences across the ground surface. The columns have the necessary form, dimensions and material allowing to carry the roof structure with solar panel installation installed on top. Typically, the columns comprise profiles, e.g. steel profiles, but other embodiments are possible as well.

The structure further comprises ballast elements. A light carport structure, e.g. assembled from steel profiles, needs to be protected against ascending winds that could lift the entire structure. Ballast elements are construction elements providing the necessary weight to the carport. For example, a ballast element may comprise concrete or reinforced concrete, or it may be an element filled with e.g. sand, steel residues or another filling material. The ballast elements are comprised in the roof structure. This implies that ballast elements are installed at height, in the structure carried by the columns. Those ballast elements provide the needed stability protecting against ascending winds. Additionally, some light anchoring to the ground, e.g. by means of bolts, may be used to prevent horizontal shifting of the structure under horizontal winds. This results in a solution with minimal damage to the existing parking ground. Therefore, the use of ballast elements in the roof structure has the advantage that an easy and non-intrusive installation process is obtained, as the existing parking area needs not to be broken or changed. Another advantage is that no additional obstacles are introduced, thereby keeping the space between the columns open. This contributes to the comfort for drivers and passengers, e.g. when driving in and out or when leaving and entering the vehicle.

Optionally, the profiles comprised in the roof structure are steel profiles. Steel profiles, being profiles entirely or mainly made of steel, are often also referred to as construction steel. Steel profiles with various cross sections may be fabricated e.g. using roll forming or another production technique. A specific cross section of a steel profile may be chosen according to desired profile characteristics and ease of assembly. Steel profiles have the advantage that the they can be prefabricated with well-known production techniques, allow for a large variety of cross sections, have predictable characteristics, can easily be transported, and can easily be connected e.g. by means of bolts. Moreover, the use of steel profiles in the roof structure results in a strong but relatively light structure, and allows for a fast assembly on site.

The profiles comprise longitudinal purlins and transverse beams. After assembly, the roof structure comprises profiles extending substantially in longitudinal direction, i.e. following the length of the parking area, and profiles extending substantially in transverse direction, i.e. following the length of a single parking place. The profiles extending in longitudinal direction are referred to as longitudinal purlins. The profiles extending in transverse direction are referred to as transverse beams. Two or more longitudinal purlins are provided, which are installed substantially parallel in the roof structure. Analogously, two or more transverse beams are provided, installed substantially parallel. Using longitudinal purlins and transverse beams has the advantage that a rigid skeleton for the roof structure is obtained, allowing to install solar panels over the whole roof surface.

Optionally, the longitudinal purlins are adapted to position the ballast elements on top of the purlins or between the purlins. This implies that the shape and dimensions of the longitudinal purlins is chosen such that they can support the ballast elements when mounted in the roof structure. Various embodiments are possible. For example, multiple longitudinal purlins may be provided, and ballast blocks may be positioned in transverse direction on top of the parallel longitudinal purlins. In another embodiment, ballast blocks are positioned in longitudinal direction between two longitudinal purlins, where each ballast block rests in two longitudinal profiles at both sides of the ballast element. In yet another embodiment, the ballast elements are mounted in transverse direction between two longitudinal purlins, whereby the ballast elements are connected with the purlins. In various embodiments, the ballast elements may be supported directly by the longitudinal purlins, or some additional supporting profiles may be used in between the purlins and the ballast elements.

Further optionally, the ballast elements are blocks of material to be loosely positioned on top of said purlins or between said purlins. This implies that a ballast element is an isolated block, being positioning in the roof structure. Typically, a block of material is made of a single material, e.g. concrete, or mainly made of one material, e.g. reinforced concrete. During assembly, the blocks of material are loosely positioned on top of or between the purlins. Thus, the ballast elements are not fixed to other parts of the roof structure, but merely friction is relied on for holding them in a fixed position. This implies that a ballast element may be simply a block of material, without having elements allowing for a fixed connection with the rest of the roof structure. This has the advantage that the ballast elements may be produced in a simple and cheap way.

Optionally, the blocks of material are blocks of concrete or reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete is concrete in which steel is embedded in a such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces. The reinforcing steel may be provided as rods, bars, a mesh, a net, etc. The use of concrete or reinforced concrete for the ballast elements has the advantage that a conventional construction material is used, which may be poured on site and offers the necessary weight and durability.

Further optionally, the ballast elements comprise a module frame, the module frame comprising transverse module beams and longitudinal module joists. This implies that a ballast element is not a solid block of ballast material, but comprises a frame. The module frame comprises transverse beams and longitudinal joists. The transverse beams and longitudinal joists are substantially perpendicular, where after mounting in the roof structure, the longitudinal joists are positioned in the longitudinal direction, and the transverse beams are positioned in the transverse direction. The transverse beams and longitudinal joists are for example steel profiles, which are bolted together to form the module frame. In an embodiment, the module frame comprises two longitudinal joists and two transverse beams, defining the borders of the ballast element. In another embodiment, more than two longitudinal joists or transverse beams may be provided. Typically, a ballast material is provided, e.g. concrete or reinforced concrete, within the contour of the module frame. In an embodiment, the ballast element may comprise one or more plates, covering the ballast material at the bottom side and/or the top side of the ballast element. The advantage of a module frame is that such a frame may allow to easily connect the ballast elements to other profiles of the roof structure, or may serve to support other elements like reinforcement bars or nets. Moreover, the module frame may improve the structural characteristics of the ballast element, and may contribute to an enhanced stiffness of the ballast element. The latter allows for a larger span by the ballast elements, such that the number of purlins may be limited, thereby reducing material and installation cost.

Optionally, the structure comprises connection elements adapted to connect the module frame of the ballast elements to the longitudinal purlins. Connection elements may refer to fixing elements like bolts or rivets, but may also comprise tailor-made components like plates or three dimensional components. The connection elements are used to connect the module frame to one or more longitudinal purlins, where the ballast element may be positioned in transverse or longitudinal direction. For example, a tailor-made component may be bolted at one point to the module frame, and at another point to a longitudinal purlin. The connection elements may allow for a detachable connection, e.g. using bolts, or involve a non-detachable connection, e.g. using rivets. The use of connection elements has the advantage that the ballast elements are securely fixed. Moreover, they allow for positioning of the ballast elements in between a single pair of purlins, contributing to a flat surface for installing the solar panel installation.

Further optionally, the ballast elements are prefabricated and comprise:.

In an embodiment, the module frame comprises two transverse module beams and two longitudinal module joists defining the borders of the ballast elements, and one or more additional internal module joists, the latter being perforated. A reinforcement net or reinforcement bars may be placed through those perforations, after which the module frame is filled with poured concrete. The use of reinforcement results in additional strength and stiffness of the ballast element. Furthermore, the perforations in the joists allow for continuous nets or bars covering the whole module, thereby contributing to a durable reinforcement and easy production method.

In an embodiment, the longitudinal module joists may comprise C-profiles. A C-profile is a profile, typically a steel profile, with a C-shaped cross section. The use of C-profiles for the longitudinal module joists has the advantage that reinforcement nets or bars may be supported on a flange of the C-profile. Moreover, the C-profiles may allow for a nice alignment of the ballast elements with the longitudinal purlins, e.g. when the latter are Z-profiles. This contributes to a flat top surface of the roof structure, allowing for an easy installation of the solar panel installation.

Further optionally, the longitudinal purlins are adapted to slide inside one another, to form a continuous longitudinal profile of arbitrary length comprising overlapping purlin zones. This implies that the dimensions and shape, in particular of the cross section, are chosen such that longitudinal purlins can be slid in one another. For example, an open cross section (e.g. H, I, U, T, Z,. -shaped cross section) or hollow cross section (square, rectangular, circular,. ) may be chosen. In various embodiments, all purlins may have the same cross section, or purlins with different cross sections may be used in the roof structure. By sliding the purlins inside one another a continuous longitudinal profile is obtained. At each position where a purlin is slid into another purlin, a certain degree of overlap is obtained, defining an overlapping purlin zone. The total length of the continuous longitudinal profile may be adapted by changing the degree of overlap of adjacent purlins. This has the advantage that purlins of standard length may be fabricated, while on site the total length of the carport can easily be adapted to the length of the available parking area. This contributes to a cheaper production process, short lead times, and accomplishment of the specific needs of each customer. Moreover, the overlap of adjacent purlins results in zones of additional strength of the continuous longitudinal profile. This has the advantage that a stronger and more stable structure may be obtained.

Optionally, the longitudinal purlins comprise Z-profiles with upper flange larger than their bottom flange, the Z-purlins being alternatingly rotated over <NUM>° to form a continuous longitudinal profile of arbitrary length. This implies that all purlins have the same cross section, namely an asymmetrical Z-profile comprising a short and a long flange. This allows for sliding two profiles in one another, by sliding the short flange of the first purlin inside the long flange of the second purlin and vice versa. The use of such asymmetrical Z-purlins has the advantage that the same profile shape can be used for all longitudinal purlins. This contributes to further standardization of the production process, leading to lower production costs and reduced lead times.

Optionally, the columns and the transverse beams are adapted to form frame unities, a frame unity comprising a pair of columns mutually connected by two transverse beams mounted at opposite transverse sides of the columns. Typically, a carport comprises multiple frame unities, repeated along the longitudinal direction. The provision of frame unities has the advantage that they can be assembled on the ground and installed upright at positions according to the width of available parking places. This contributes to an efficient assembly and satisfaction of the customer's needs.

Further optionally, the longitudinal purlins comprise perforations at regular distance along their length. These perforations enable connection of a longitudinal purlin to columns or parts of the roof structure, e.g. by means of bolts. In an embodiment, perforations at both ends of the purlin are used to connect the purlin to two respective columns. The availability of multiple perforations at regular distance along the length of the purlin enables connection to the columns at varying distances. Indeed, during assembly those perforations may be selected according to the specific position of the columns. This has the advantage that the position of the columns may be chosen according to the specific width of available parking places, while standard purlins can be used. This contributes to a cheaper production process, short lead times, and accomplishment of the specific needs of each customer. Moreover, in an embodiment, the perforations in the longitudinal purlins may be used to connect rafter stays between the columns and the longitudinal purlins, providing additional stability to the structure. Again, the availability of perforations at regular distance allows to use standard purlins and rafter stays, while the width of available parking places may vary.

Optionally, the perforations in the longitudinal purlins are adapted to connect the continuous longitudinal profile to the frame unities in the overlapping purlin zones. This implies that during assembly, those perforations are selected for connection of the continuous longitudinal profile to the frame unities, according to the position of the frame unities. This has the advantage that the position of the frame unities may be chosen according to the specific width of available parking places, while standard purlins can be used. This contributes to a cheaper production process, short lead times, and accomplishment of the specific needs of each customer. Moreover, the connection between the continuous longitudinal profile and the frame unities is such that it happens in the overlapping purlin zones of the continuous longitudinal profile. This has the advantage that connection is made in zones with additional strength due to the overlap, resulting in a stronger and more stable structure.

Further optionally, the structure comprises rafter stays adapted to connect the columns to the transverse beams and/or the longitudinal purlins following an inclined direction relative to the columns. This implies that the direction of an installed rafter stay has a certain angle with the direction of the column it is connected with, and a certain angle with the direction of the transverse beam or longitudinal purlin it is connected with. Mounting of rafter stays has the advantage that an enhanced longitudinal stiffness of the carport is obtained.

Further optionally, at least some of the rafter stays are adapted to connect the columns to the continuous longitudinal profile in the overlapping purlin zones. In an embodiment, perforations at regular distance in the purlins may be used to connect the rafter stays. Connecting in the overlapping purlin zones implies that the connection is provided in a zone where the continuous profile has additional strength due to the overlap. This results in a stronger and more stable structure, where the rafter stays may guarantee the longitudinal stability of the carport under longitudinal wind forces or a longitudinal impact e.g. due to the collision of a vehicle with a column.

According to a second aspect of the present invention the above identified objectives are realized by a solar carport according to claim <NUM>, comprising:.

A solar panel installation comprises solar panels and may as well comprise construction elements e.g. for carrying, connecting or fixing the solar panels. The solar panel installation comprises slide-in profiles for solar panels. Slide-in profiles are profiles adapted to be mounted on top of the roof structure of the carport, and serving as rails between which photovoltaic panels are slid. An example of a solar panel installation with slide-in profiles is given in <CIT>. Slide-in profiles have the advantage that mounting of the solar panel is made easier and faster. Moreover, as profiles are provided in the roof structure, the slide-in profiles may be easily connected to the roof structure profiles, e.g. by means of bolts. This is not possible in prior art solutions where e.g. a roof entirely in concrete or reinforced concrete is used. Connecting the slide-in profiles to the roof structure profiles has the advantage that protection against uplift forces is obtained.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the above identified objectives are realized by a method according to claim <NUM> for assembling a structure for a solar carport comprising:.

The columns, profiles and ballast elements are defined as described above for the first aspect of the invention. Placing the columns in upright position implies that a column has a bottom end and a top end, and the column is placed with the top end upwards. Assembling a roof structure at the top of the columns implies that after assembly a structure is obtained comprising a roof structure on top of the columns, but the assembly steps may vary according to various embodiments. For example, in an embodiment the columns may first be placed upright, after which the profiles are connected. In another embodiment, a substructure may be assembled on the ground, e.g. by connecting profiles with columns, after which the substructure is placed upright. Assembling the roof structure also implies that ballast elements are provided in the roof structure. This has the advantage that an easy and non-intrusive installation process is obtained, as the existing parking area needs not to be broken or changed. Another advantage is that no additional obstacles are introduced, thereby keeping the space between the columns open. This contributes to the comfort for drivers and passengers, e.g. when driving in and out or when leaving and entering the vehicle.

The longitudinal purlins and transverse beams are defined as described above for the first aspect of the invention. In a first step of the method, frame unities are assembled, i.e. pairs of columns are mutually connected by two transverse beams. Typically, this is done on the ground. Usually a carport comprises multiple frame unities, repeated along the longitudinal direction. Next, the frame unities are placed in upright position, according to the width of available parking spaces. This contributes to an efficient assembly and satisfaction of specific customer's needs.

In a next step, the longitudinal purlins are slid inside one another, to form a continuous longitudinal profile. This implies that the dimensions and shape, in particular of the cross section, of the longitudinal purlins are such that they can be slid in one another. For example, an open cross section (e.g. H, I, U, T, Z,. -shaped cross section) or hollow cross section (square, rectangular, circular,. ) may be chosen. By sliding the purlins inside one another a continuous longitudinal profile is obtained. At each position where a purlin is slid into another purlin, a certain degree of overlap is obtained, defining an overlapping purlin zone. The positions of the overlapping purlin zones are chosen corresponding to the width of available parking places, thereby enabling connection of the overlapping zones to the frame unities. The total length of the continuous longitudinal profile may be adapted by changing the degree of overlap of adjacent purlins. This has the advantage that purlins of standard length may be fabricated, while on site the total length of the carport can easily be adapted to the length of the available parking area. This contributes to a cheaper production process, short lead times, and accomplishment of the specific needs of each customer. Moreover, the overlap of adjacent purlins results in zones of additional strength of the continuous longitudinal profile.

In a next step of the method, the longitudinal purlins are connected to the frame unities using the perforations according to the mutual distance of the frame unities. The perforations enable connection of a longitudinal purlin to columns or parts of the roof structure, e.g. by means of bolts. In an embodiment, perforations at both ends of the purlin are used to connect the purlin to two respective columns. The availability of multiple perforations at regular distance along the length of the purlin enables connection to the columns at varying distances. Indeed, during assembly those perforations may be selected according to the specific position of the columns. This has the advantage that the position of the columns may be chosen according to the specific width of available parking places, while standard purlins can be used. This contributes to a cheaper production process, short lead times, and accomplishment of the specific needs of each customer. Moreover, the connection between the continuous longitudinal profile and the frame unities is done such that it happens in the overlapping purlin zones of the continuous longitudinal profile. This has the advantage that connection is made in zones with additional strength due to the overlap, resulting in a stronger and more stable structure.

In a next step of the method, rafter stays are provided, of which at least some are connected between the columns and the overlapping purlin zones of the continuous longitudinal profile. This results in a stronger and more stable structure, where the rafter stays may guarantee the longitudinal stability of the carport under longitudinal wind forces or a longitudinal impact e.g. due to the collision of a vehicle with a column. Moreover, for connecting those rafter stays to the continuous longitudinal profile, the perforations at regular distance in the purlins are used. This has the advantage that the position of the columns may be chosen according to the specific width of available parking places, while standard purlins and rafter stays can be used.

In the figures, two different embodiments are presented. <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG> to <FIG> refer to the first embodiment, while <FIG> refer to the second embodiment.

<FIG> gives a three-dimensional view of a solar carport <NUM> according to a first embodiment of the invention, and <FIG> further shows the structure <NUM> for the solar carport <NUM> according to the same embodiment. The structure <NUM> comprises columns <NUM>, <NUM> and a roof structure <NUM>. The roof structure <NUM> comprises profiles <NUM>, <NUM> and ballast elements <NUM>. A solar panel installation <NUM> is installed on top of the roof structure <NUM>. <FIG> further shows the longitudinal direction <NUM> and the transverse direction <NUM>. These directions are also indicated on the floor plan of a parking area <NUM> in <FIG>. Vehicles may be parked in transverse direction <NUM> underneath the solar carport <NUM>.

<FIG> only shows a part of the solar carport <NUM>. The view of <FIG> may be repeated along the longitudinal direction <NUM>, such that the carport <NUM> covers a whole row of parking places <NUM>. A top view of a parking area <NUM>, comprising two rows of parking places <NUM> is given in <FIG>. A parking place <NUM> offers parking space for one vehicle, and has a length <NUM> and a width <NUM>. The widths <NUM> of the parking places <NUM> included in one row together define the length <NUM> of the parking area <NUM>. The parking area <NUM> may e.g. be at ground level or may be the top level of a parking tower. When considering various parking areas, e.g. of different clients willing to install a solar carport, not every parking area is identical. The total length <NUM> as well as the dimensions <NUM>, <NUM> of an individual parking place may differ from one parking area <NUM> to the other.

In the carport <NUM> according to the embodiment of <FIG>, the longitudinal distance between two columns <NUM>, and between two columns <NUM>, corresponds to the width <NUM> of two parking places <NUM>. For example, the longitudinal distance between two columns <NUM> may be <NUM>,<NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM>. In the embodiment of <FIG>, every pair of parking places <NUM> is surrounded by two columns <NUM> and two columns <NUM>. Other embodiments are possible however, e.g. where only two columns are used per pair of parking places. Moreover, in other embodiments the longitudinal distance between two columns <NUM> may offer parking space for a single vehicle only or for more than two vehicles. In transverse direction, the distance between a column <NUM> and a column <NUM> may be smaller than the length <NUM> of a parking place <NUM>, in order to allow easy driving in. For example, the transverse distance between a column <NUM> and a column <NUM> may be <NUM>,<NUM>. Typically, the height of the carport <NUM> allows parking of regular cars underneath, as well as higher types of vehicles like SUV's, vans and small trucks. For example, the free vehicle height may be <NUM>,<NUM>. The plane of the roof structure <NUM> may have an inclined direction relative to the ground plane of the parking area, in order to facilitate the installation of solar panels at a certain slope, e.g. <NUM>°.

The columns <NUM>, <NUM> serve as posts of the carport <NUM>, being installed upright, and the roof structure <NUM> installed at the top end of the columns <NUM>, <NUM>. The columns <NUM>, <NUM> have the necessary form, dimensions and material allowing to carry the roof structure <NUM> with solar panel installation <NUM> installed on top. In the embodiment of <FIG> and <FIG> the columns are steel profiles with C-shaped cross section, as is also visible from <FIG> and <FIG>. In other embodiments, another shape or material may be used.

The roof structure <NUM> comprises profiles <NUM>, <NUM>. The profiles installed in longitudinal direction <NUM> are referred to as longitudinal purlins <NUM>, while the profiles installed in transverse direction <NUM> are referred to as transverse beams <NUM>. Profiles are construction elements with an elongated shape and with a specific cross section repeated along the length. In the embodiment of <FIG> and <FIG> the longitudinal purlins <NUM> are steel profiles with Z-shaped cross section, and the transverse beams <NUM> are steel profiles with C-shaped cross section. Other materials, e.g. Aluminium, composites, plastics, etc. and other shapes are possible, according to other embodiments. The profiles <NUM>, <NUM> are adapted to form the skeleton of the roof structure <NUM>. For example, <FIG> shows that bolting together of the profiles and columns, results in a basic framework of the carport structure, comprising the roof structure skeleton. Finally, <FIG> and <FIG> show that rafter stays <NUM> are mounted between the columns <NUM>, <NUM>, and the longitudinal purlins <NUM>, and rafter stays <NUM> are mounted between the columns <NUM>, <NUM> and the transverse beams <NUM>, providing additional stiffness to the structure <NUM>.

<FIG> further shows the positioning of ballast elements <NUM> in the roof structure <NUM>, needed to provide the necessary weight to the carport <NUM>. For example, <NUM> per foot of the carport <NUM> is provided. In the embodiment of <FIG> the ballast elements <NUM> comprise a steel module frame <NUM> filled with poured concrete <NUM>. <FIG> shows that the ballast elements <NUM> are positioned in transverse direction <NUM> between two longitudinal purlins <NUM>. After positioning, the ballast elements <NUM> are connected to the longitudinal purlins <NUM>, as will be discussed further underneath. In this way, the complete surface of the roof structure <NUM> is filled with adjacent ballast elements <NUM>. As is clear form <FIG> and <FIG>, the ballast elements <NUM> do not introduce any obstacle within the parking space between the columns <NUM>, <NUM>, contributing to the comfort of drivers and passengers.

<FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG> show a second embodiment of the invention. <FIG> shows a carport <NUM> comprising columns <NUM>, transverse beams <NUM>, <NUM>, edge beams <NUM>, rafter stays <NUM> and photovoltaic panels <NUM>. Two vehicles may be parked in transverse direction <NUM>, between the columns <NUM>. <FIG> only shows a part of the carport <NUM>; typically, the view of <FIG> is repeated in longitudinal direction <NUM>, such that the carport <NUM> covers a whole row of parking places <NUM>.

<FIG> shows the structure <NUM> for the carport <NUM>. The figure shows that a pair of columns <NUM>, <NUM> mutually is connected by means of transverse beams <NUM> and <NUM>, mounted at opposite transverse sides of the columns <NUM>, <NUM>. In longitudinal direction <NUM>, two transverse beams <NUM>, <NUM> are connected by means of two edge beams <NUM> at the boarder of the roof structure. Substantially parallel with the edge beams <NUM>, longitudinal purlins <NUM> are mounted. The columns <NUM>, <NUM> are placed corresponding to the width <NUM> of the available parking places <NUM>. Therefore, the length of the edge beams <NUM> and longitudinal purlins <NUM> needs to be chosen accordingly, and may differ for different parking areas.

<FIG> shows that ballast elements <NUM> are positioned between the longitudinal purlins <NUM>. The ballast elements <NUM> are further supported by ballast supporting beams <NUM> which are mounted in transverse direction <NUM>. In the embodiment of <FIG>, the ballast elements <NUM> are blocks of material, e.g. blocks of concrete or reinforced concrete. They are loosely positioned between two longitudinal purlins <NUM>, without being fixed to the purlins <NUM>. In the embodiment of <FIG>, the ballast elements <NUM> are oriented according to the longitudinal direction <NUM>, and they are positioned in rows following the transverse direction <NUM>. <FIG> further shows how bracings <NUM> may be placed on top of the ballast elements <NUM>. The bracings <NUM> are connected to the longitudinal purlins <NUM> and the edge beams <NUM>. <FIG> also shows slide-in profiles <NUM>, adapted to mount the photovoltaic panels <NUM>.

Apart from the two embodiments shown in <FIG> resp. <FIG>, other embodiments of the invention are possible. For example, the ballast elements <NUM>, <NUM> may be elements filled with e.g. sand, steel residues or another filling material, instead of comprising concrete. Moreover, the ballast elements <NUM>, <NUM>, may fill the entire surface of the roof structure or may form strips, either in transverse direction <NUM> or in longitudinal direction <NUM>. Finally, the ballast elements <NUM>, <NUM> may be positioned on top of longitudinal purlins <NUM>, <NUM>, instead of being positioned in between longitudinal purlins <NUM>, <NUM>.

<FIG> concern a ballast element <NUM>, as used within the first embodiment of <FIG> and <FIG>. <FIG> shows that the ballast element <NUM> comprises a module frame <NUM>, typically a steel frame. The module frame <NUM> comprises longitudinal module joists <NUM> and transverse module beams <NUM>. When positioned in the roof structure <NUM>, the longitudinal module joists <NUM> follow the longitudinal direction <NUM>, while the transverse module beams <NUM> follow the transverse direction <NUM>, see <FIG>. In the embodiment of <FIG>, both the module joists <NUM> and the module beams <NUM> are steel profiles with C-shaped cross section. The zones <NUM> within the module frame <NUM> is filled with poured concrete or reinforced concrete. Usually, the ballast element <NUM> is prefabricated, in a production environment or on-site, before being placed in the roof structure <NUM>. In a particular solar carport <NUM>, multiple ballast elements <NUM> may be used, of which the dimension in longitudinal direction <NUM> may vary. As such, a series of standard ballast elements <NUM> of different dimensions may be produced, and for a particular project, the appropriate standard ballast elements <NUM> may be selected.

<FIG> further shows that connection elements <NUM> are attached to the transverse module beams <NUM> by means of bolts <NUM>. A connection element <NUM> is also shown in <FIG>, where a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction <NUM> is shown, of a transverse module beam <NUM> connected to a longitudinal purlin <NUM> by means of a connection element <NUM>. <FIG> shows that self-tapping bolts <NUM> are used to connect the connection element <NUM> to the longitudinal purlin <NUM>. The connection elements <NUM> therefore allow to firmly connect the ballast elements <NUM> to the longitudinal purlins <NUM>.

<FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG> show that perforations <NUM> and <NUM> are provided in the longitudinal module joists <NUM>. The perforations <NUM> allow a reinforcement net <NUM> to be placed in the ballast element <NUM>, where the bars of the net <NUM> parallel with the module beams run through the perforations <NUM>. The perforations <NUM> allow the use of extra reinforcement bars <NUM>, being placed through the perforations <NUM>, as is visible from <FIG>.

<FIG> gives a cross section of the ballast element <NUM> perpendicular to the longitudinal module joists <NUM>. The cross section of two longitudinal module joists <NUM> is shown. <FIG> shows that bars of the reinforcement net <NUM> run through the perforations <NUM> in the module joists <NUM>. In particular, the C-shaped cross section of the module joists <NUM> allows to support those bars of the reinforcement net <NUM>, see <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates the assembly of frame unities <NUM>. A frame unity <NUM> comprises a pair of columns <NUM> and <NUM> which are mutually connected by two transverse beams <NUM> mounted at opposite transverse sides of the columns <NUM>, <NUM>. In the embodiment of <FIG>, a frame unity <NUM> further comprises rafter stays <NUM>, connecting the columns <NUM>, <NUM> with the transverse beams <NUM>. <FIG> and <FIG> show that frame unities <NUM> are comprised in the structure <NUM>, where the frame unities <NUM> are repeated along the longitudinal direction <NUM>. Also in the embodiment of <FIG> frame unities are visible in the structure <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates that in a first step of the assembly process, the frame unities <NUM> may be assembled on the ground, i.e. the columns <NUM>, <NUM>, the transverse beams <NUM> and the rafter stays <NUM> are bolted together to form a number of frame unities <NUM> lying on the ground. Usually, the columns <NUM>, <NUM>, transverse beams <NUM> and rafter stays <NUM> were produced in a production environment, and transported to the parking area for assembly on site. <FIG> shows the bolts <NUM> for connecting the transverse beams <NUM> to a column <NUM>. After assembly of the frame unities <NUM> on the ground, they are installed upright, with the columns <NUM> positioned at a longitudinal distance corresponding to the width of the available parking places <NUM>.

<FIG> gives a close view of the bottom side of a column <NUM>, and its connection to the ground of the parking area. <FIG> shows a bottom plate <NUM>, e.g. with a surface of <NUM> x <NUM>. The bottom plate <NUM> is fixed to the ground by means of bolts <NUM>. The purpose of this anchoring to the ground is only to prevent horizontal shifting of the structure <NUM> under horizontal forces; the protection against ascending winds results from the ballast elements <NUM> in the roof structure <NUM>. As such, minimal damage to the parking flour is caused, and no fundamental changes to an existing parking area are required. Moreover, by using two parts <NUM> and <NUM>, being slid in one another, the length of a column <NUM> is adaptable. A series of holes <NUM> allows to select the required length, and bolts <NUM> and <NUM> allow to fix both parts <NUM> and <NUM>. The adaptable length of the columns <NUM>, <NUM> allows to eliminate level differences in the parking ground, e.g. being present for draining purposes, or to obtain a certain slope of the roof structure <NUM>. For example, a vertical regulation of the column foot of <NUM> is obtained.

<FIG> illustrates a next step in the assembly process of the structure <NUM>. <FIG> shows that, after having installed the frame unities <NUM>, the longitudinal purlins <NUM> are mounted. Usually, the longitudinal purlins <NUM> were produced in a production environment, and transported to the parking area for assembly on site. In the embodiment of <FIG> and <FIG>, the longitudinal purlins <NUM> have a Z-shaped cross section. <FIG> shows that the Z-shape of the cross section is asymmetrical, where for the purlin <NUM> the upper flange <NUM> is larger than the bottom flange <NUM>. The asymmetrical Z-shaped cross section allows two longitudinal purlins <NUM> and <NUM> to be slid in one another, by alternatingly rotate the purlins over <NUM>°, as is shown in <FIG>.

<FIG> shows that by sliding the longitudinal purlins <NUM>, <NUM> in each other, a continuous longitudinal profile <NUM> of arbitrary length is obtained. As such, the length of the continuous profile <NUM> may be adapted according to the total available length <NUM> of a particular parking area <NUM>. Moreover, <FIG> shows that the sliding of purlins <NUM> and <NUM> in each other results in overlapping zones <NUM>, namely zones in the continuous profile <NUM> where two purlins overlap. In the embodiment of <FIG>, the overlapping purlin zone <NUM> are positioned such that connection of the continuous profile <NUM> to the frame unities <NUM> may be done in the overlap zones <NUM>. Therefore, the overlap between adjacent purlins <NUM>, <NUM> is chosen according to the width <NUM> of the available parking places.

<FIG> shows how longitudinal purlins <NUM>, <NUM> are connected to a column <NUM>. <FIG> and <FIG> show that longitudinal purlins <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> comprise perforations <NUM> at regular distance along their length. By means of bolts <NUM> through two of such perforations <NUM>, the purlins <NUM>, <NUM> are connected to the column <NUM>. The presence of the perforations <NUM> allows to use standard purlins <NUM>, <NUM>, being the same for every parking area, while the purlin length between two columns <NUM> can be adapted according to the particular width <NUM> of available parking places <NUM>. <FIG> further shows the zone <NUM> where two purlins <NUM> and <NUM> overlap. The figure shows that the purlins <NUM>, <NUM> are connected to the column <NUM> in the overlapping zone <NUM>. Moreover, <FIG> shows that rafter stays <NUM> are mounted between the column <NUM> and the purlins <NUM>, <NUM> respectively. The rafter stays <NUM> are connected to the continuous profile <NUM> in the overlapping purlin zone <NUM>. The connection of a rafter stay <NUM> with a longitudinal purlin <NUM> is done by means of a bolt <NUM> through one of the perforations <NUM>. Connecting the columns <NUM> and the rafter stays <NUM> to the continuous longitudinal profile <NUM> in the overlap zones <NUM> implies that the connection is provided in a zone where the continuous profile <NUM> has additional strength due to the overlap. This results in a stronger and more stable structure, where the rafter stays <NUM> guarantee the longitudinal stability of the carport under longitudinal wind forces or a longitudinal impact e.g. due to the collision of a vehicle with a column <NUM>.

After having assembled the framework as is shown in <FIG>, the rafter stays <NUM> and the ballast elements <NUM> are mounted, as is illustrated in <FIG>. After positioning of the ballast elements <NUM> they are connected to the longitudinal purlins <NUM> by means of the connection elements <NUM>, as described above.

<FIG> shows how, after assembly of the structure <NUM>, a solar panel installation <NUM> may be mounted. The solar panel installation <NUM> comprises photovoltaic panels <NUM> and slide-in profiles <NUM>. The slide-in profiles <NUM> have an elongated shape and are mounted in transverse direction <NUM>. They may be bolted to the longitudinal purlins <NUM> and/or the transverse module beams <NUM> of the ballast elements <NUM>, for protection against uplift forces. The slide-in profiles <NUM> serve as rails between which the photovoltaic panels <NUM> are slid, see <NUM> on <FIG>. Example embodiments of slide-in profiles <NUM> are e.g. described in <CIT>. In the embodiment of <FIG>, the slide-in profiles <NUM> have a larger length than the transverse distance between two columns <NUM> and <NUM>. Therefore, the surface covered by the solar panels <NUM> is larger than the surface covered by the roof structure <NUM>.

Claim 1:
A structure (<NUM>) for a solar carport (<NUM>), comprising:
- a roof structure (<NUM>) adapted to support a solar panel installation (<NUM>), said roof structure (<NUM>) comprising profiles (<NUM>, <NUM>) adapted to form the skeleton of said roof structure (<NUM>), said profiles (<NUM>, <NUM>) comprising longitudinal purlins (<NUM>) and transverse beams (<NUM>);
- an infrastructure adapted to mount solar panels (<NUM>), which solar panels are comprised in said solar panel installation (<NUM>), on top of said roof structure (<NUM>), said infrastructure comprising construction elements for carrying, connecting or fixing said solar panels (<NUM>);
- columns (<NUM>, <NUM>) adapted to carry said roof structure (<NUM>);
- ballast elements (<NUM>),
characterized in that:
said ballast elements (<NUM>) are construction elements adapted to be installed in said roof structure (<NUM>), and comprising concrete or reinforced concrete, thereby providing weight for stabilizing said solar carport (<NUM>), such that protection against ascending winds is provided.