Patent Description:
Distributed modular input/output (I/O) systems for industrial automation control systems are well-known and in widespread use. Referring to <FIG>, a known distributed modular I/O system <NUM> includes a network adapter <NUM> that is operatively connected to an industrial automation network N such as an Ethernet/IP network or other industrial automation network so that the network adapter <NUM> receives data from, transmits data to, and otherwise communicates with an industrial control module or "controller" C also connected to the network N. The controller C comprises one or more programmable logic controllers (PLC), microprocessors, and/or other electronic processors programmed and configured for controlling an industrial machine, process, or other controlled system CS.

The adapter <NUM> includes an adapter base 12a that is mounted to a DIN rail D or other support structure, and an adapter module 12b is permanently or releasably connected to the adapter base 12a. The adapter module 12b includes the electronic circuitry for data communication with the controller C via network N and for data communication with multiple I/O devices <NUM> of the system <NUM> as described below. The adapter <NUM> comprises one or more network connectors NC for connecting with the network N via known connectors such as RJ45 connectors, Small FormFactor Pluggable (SFP) connectors, or the like. The adapter <NUM> typically also includes a power input connector PC for connecting with a source of electrical power for supplying electrical power to the adapter module <NUM> and to the I/O devices <NUM> and other components operatively connected to the adapter <NUM> and/or I/O devices <NUM>.

The I/O devices <NUM> each include an I/O base 20a also mounted to the DIN rail D or other support structure, with a first I/O base 20a located adjacent and operably physically and electrically connected to the adapter base 12a by a multi-contact electrical connector K and with the additional I/O bases 20a operably physically and electrically connected together one after the other in a sequential manner by successive mating multi-contact electrical connectors K such that a modular backplane circuit or backplane network (generally "backplane" and illustrated as a broken line <NUM>) is constructed and adapted for communicating electrical power and data through the successively connected I/O bases 20a and operably connects each I/O base 20a to the network adapter <NUM> and, thus, to the controller C. In addition to the I/O base 20a, each I/O device <NUM> further comprises an I/O module 20b operatively removably connected to the I/O base 20a such that the installed I/O module 20b also communicates with the network adapter <NUM> and the controller C over the backplane <NUM> whereby input/output data are provided between the controller C and each I/O module 20b via backplane <NUM>. Each installed I/O module 20b is selected and configured to perform one or more specialized input/output functions such as DC input, DC output, AC input, AC output, analog input and/or output, RTD and/or thermocouple input and/or output, or the like as is generally known in the field of industrial automation.

Each I/O base 20a further includes a terminal block 20c comprising a plurality of cage clamps, spring clamps, screw terminals, or other wiring connectors 20d that are adapted to be connected to field cables or field wires FW that are each associated with a field device FD that is typically an analog or digital device such as a sensor, flow meter, switch, probe, thermocouple, RTD, encoder, or the like that is associated with the process or machine being controlled (the controlled system CS) by the controller C. The terminal block 20c can be a separate structure that is assembled to the I/O base 20a or can alternatively be defined as an integral or one-piece part of the I/O base 20a. Different varieties of terminal blocks 20a can be used depending upon the particular configuration required for the field device wiring connectors 20d, with some having different common terminals, ground connections, voltage supply terminals, and the like. Each installed I/O module 20b communicates with the field device wiring connectors 20d of the same I/O base 20a to which the I/O module 20b is physically connected. Input/output data are provided between the controller C and field device(s) FD connected to the corresponding I/O base 20a via backplane <NUM> and the network adapter module 12b.

<FIG> is a schematic representation of the distributed modular input/output (I/O) system <NUM> of <FIG>. It can be seen that the backplane <NUM> includes only a single (non-redundant) circuit 14a that sequentially connects the network adapter <NUM> and the successively adjacent I/O devices <NUM> in a series or a sequential "daisy-chain" manner through the mated connectors K. In particular, the adapter <NUM> and each I/O device <NUM> include backplane circuitry that is located in the respective base 12a,20a and/or that is located in the adapter or I/O module 12b,20b connected to the respective base and that establishes the above-described backplane circuit <NUM> using a known backplane data communication protocol such as an open end-to-end protocol for control using or based upon Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) or another suitable backplane protocol.

<FIG> is similar but shows another known system <NUM>' wherein the network adapter <NUM>' includes first and second redundant adapter modules 12b1,12b2 connected to the base 12a' and wherein each I/O device <NUM>' includes first and second redundant I/O modules 20b1,20b2 connected to the respective base 20a'. In the case of <FIG>, fault tolerance is improved because a failed adapter module 12b1,12b2 or a failed I/O module 20b1,20b2 can be replaced without interrupting operation of the modular I/O system <NUM>'. Like the system <NUM> of <FIG>, however, the backplane <NUM> includes only a single (non-redundant) circuit 14a that sequentially connects the network adapter <NUM> and the successively adjacent I/O devices <NUM> in a series or "daisy-chain" manner such that the backplane circuit <NUM> is interrupted by only a single point of failure.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the backplane <NUM> of <FIG> and <FIG> does not provide a truly fault tolerant system in that the backplane <NUM> includes only a single data path that is not redundant. Thus, if any component of the backplane circuit 14a fails, the backplane <NUM> is interrupted at least for some of the I/O devices <NUM> connected to the backplane <NUM>. This single-point backplane failure outcome is undesirable in many industrial automation control applications, such as distributed control systems for process and plant control where continuous and uninterrupted operation of the controlled process or system is required.

<CIT> discloses industrial automation module for an industrial control system. A first bank of base modules includes a series of enclosures arranged side by side. The series of enclosures includes a left most adapter based module, followed next by a first double terminal I/O base module, followed next by a second double terminal I/O base module, followed lastly by a single terminal I/O base module, followed by a right most and end cap enclosure module. A first adapter base logic couples a backplane to a bus slot and a network adapter when the network adapter is installed in the bus slot. An adapter base module can couple a loopback to a port of the adapter base module, which may in turn be coupled to a first port of the adapter base module via an externally attached network cable. The loopback is routed back through the first bank of the base modules to form a network ring.

<CIT> discloses a modular I/O system for an industrial automation network with two independent daisy chain backplane networks comprising a network adapter and a plurality of I/O modules. D2 is silent about two sub modules in each nodule.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide an improved modular I/O system of an industrial automation network.

This object is solved by the subject matter of claim <NUM>.

In accordance with one aspect of the present development, a modular I/O system according to claim <NUM> is provided.

In accordance with a non-claimed aspect of the present development, the network adapter includes first and second removable network switches and the first I/O device includes third and fourth removable network switches. The first and second network switches are each connected to both of the first and second adapter modules of the network adapter. The third and fourth network switches are each connected to both the first and second I/O modules. The first and third network switches are connected to each other on the first backplane network and the second and fourth network switches are connected to each other on the second backplane network.

<FIG> shows a distributed modular I/O system <NUM> in accordance with an embodiment of the present development. As described in detail below, the system <NUM> comprises redundant backplane <NUM> for improved fault tolerance. In one example, the backplane <NUM> comprises first and second redundant ethernet networks 114a,114b implementing a suitable Ethernet data communications protocol such as a gigabit speed backplane protocol that can be a CIP-based protocol, but any other suitable network and/or communications protocol can be implemented without departing from the scope and intent of the present development.

The distributed modular I/O system <NUM> includes a network adapter <NUM> that is operatively connected to at least one industrial automation network N1,N2. As shown herein, the network adapter is connected to first and second redundant industrial automation networks N1,N2 such as first and second EtherNet/IP networks or other industrial automation networks so that the network adapter <NUM> receives data from, transmits data to, and otherwise communicates with one or more industrial control modules or "controllers" C1,C2 connected respectively to the networks N1,N2. The controllers C1,C2 comprises one or more programmable logic controllers (PLC), microprocessors, and/or other electronic processors for machine and/or process control.

The network adapter <NUM> includes an adapter base 112a that is mounted to a rail D' or other support structure. The network adapter <NUM> further comprises first and second identical or otherwise redundant adapter modules 112b <NUM>,112b2 that are operating in parallel with each other and each of which is permanently or releasably connected to the adapter base 112a. Each adapter module 112b1,112b2 is operably connected to both the first and second networks N1,N2 through the adapter base 12a and includes the electronic circuitry for data communication data with the controllers C1,C2 via networks N1,N2 and for data communication with multiple I/O devices <NUM> of the system <NUM> as described below. The adapter <NUM> further comprises one or more network connectors NC connected to the adapter base 112a that are adapted for connecting the adapter modules 112b1,112b2 tp the networks N1,N2 via known connectors such as RJ45 connectors, Small FormFactor Pluggable (SFP) connectors, optical fiber connectors, and/or the like.

The network adapter <NUM> further comprises first and second redundant power conditioning modules 113a,113b connected to the adapter base 112a and each including a power input connector PC for connecting with a source of electrical power for supplying system electrical power to the network adapter <NUM> and to the I/O devices <NUM> and other components operatively connected to the adapter <NUM> and/or I/O devices <NUM>.

The I/O system <NUM> further comprises one or more I/O devices <NUM> that each include an I/O base 120a also mounted to the support rail D'or other support structure, with a first I/O base 120a located adjacent and operably physically and electrically connected to the adapter base 112a by a multi-contact electrical connector K and with the additional I/O bases 120a operably physically and electrically connected together one after the other in a sequential manner by successive mating multi-contact electrical connectors K such that a modular backplane circuit or backplane network (generally a "backplane" and schematically illustrated at <NUM>) is constructed and adapted for communicating system electrical power and data through the successively connected I/O bases 120a and operably connects each I/O base 120a to the network adapter <NUM> and, thus, to the first and second industrial networks N1,N2 and the first and second controllers C1,C2. To facilitate an understanding of the present development, <FIG> schematically shows the backplane <NUM> as being external to the I/O device <NUM>, but those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the backplane circuit or network <NUM> is physically constructed within and extends through the adapter bases 112a and the successively connected I/O bases 120a via mated connectors K. As shown, the system <NUM> includes first and second I/O devices <NUM>(<NUM>) and <NUM>(<NUM>).

With respect to the connectors K, the network adapter base 112a and the I/O base 120a of the first I/O device include respective connectors K that operably mate with each other to physically connect the first and second backplane circuits/networks between the network adapter <NUM> and the first I/O device <NUM>. Similarly, the first and second I/O devices <NUM>(<NUM>) and <NUM>(<NUM>) include respective connectors K that operably mate with each other to physically connect the first and second backplane circuits/networks between the first and second I/O devices <NUM>(<NUM>),<NUM>(<NUM>).

In addition to the I/O base 120a, each I/O device <NUM> further comprises at least two I/O modules 120b (shown herein as I/O modules 120b1, 120b2,120b3,120b4) operatively removably connected to the I/O base 120a such that each of the installed I/O modules 120b also communicates with the network adapter <NUM> and the first and second controllers C1,C2 over the backplane <NUM> whereby input/output data are provided between the controllers C1,C2 and each I/O module 120b via backplane <NUM>. Each installed I/O module 120b is selected and configured to perform one or more specialized input/output functions such as DC input, DC output, AC input, AC output, analog input and/or output, RTD and/or thermocouple input and/or output, or other analog or digital input/output.

Each I/O device includes at least two separate I/O modules <NUM> (120b1,120b2) each operatively removably connected to the I/O base 120a. In the illustrated embodiment, which is not intended to be limiting in any way, each I/O device <NUM> comprises four separate I/O modules 120b (120b1,120b2,120b3,120b4) each operatively removably connected to the I/O base 120a, and at least two of the I/O modules 120b are identical to each other and operated in parallel with each other to provide a redundancy with respect to each other (as shown, the I/O modules 120b3,120b4 of the two illustrated I/O devices <NUM> are identical and operated redundantly in parallel with respect to each other).

Each I/O base 120a further includes at least one terminal block 120c comprising a plurality of cage clamps, spring clamps, screw terminals, or other wiring connectors 120d that are adapted to be connected to field cables or field wires FW that are each associated with a field device FD that is typically an analog or digital device such as a sensor, flow meter, switch, probe, thermocouple, RTD, encoder, or the like that is associated with the process or machine being controlled (the controlled system CS) by the controllers C1,C2. Each terminal block 120c can be a separate structure that is assembled to the I/O base 120a or can alternatively be defined as an integral or one-piece part of the I/O base 120a. Different varieties of terminal blocks 120a can be used depending upon the particular configuration required for the field device wiring connectors 120d, with some having different common terminals, ground connections, voltage supply terminals, and the like. Each installed I/O module 120b communicates with the field device wiring connectors 120d of the same I/O base 120a on which the I/O module 120b is physically installed. Input/output data are provided between the controllers C1,C2 and field device(s) FD connected to the corresponding I/O base 120a via backplane <NUM> and the network adapter modules 112b1,112b2. In the illustrated embodiment, the redundant, parallel I/O modules 120b3,120b4 share a common terminal block 120c such that the redundant I/O modules 120b3,120b4 are operably connected to the same field wiring FW to send data to and receive data from the controlled system CS.

The network adapter <NUM> includes first and second independent "adapter" Ethernet switches 130a,130b that each are operably connected to, form part of, and establish the backplane <NUM>. Similarly, each I/O device <NUM> includes first and second independent "I/O module" Ethernet switches 132a,132b that each are operably connected to, form part of, and establish the backplane <NUM>. The switches 130a,130b (generally <NUM>) of the network adapter <NUM> and the switches 132a,132b (generally <NUM>) of each I/O module <NUM> can be and are identical in the present embodiment but they are numbered differently herein to facilitate the description of their operation. In each case, the Ethernet switches <NUM>,<NUM> perform a packet switching operation that directs Ethernet network traffic from an input port of the switch to a particular output port of the same switch using the Media Access Control address(es) (MAC addresses) of the device(s) connected to the output port of the switch <NUM>,<NUM>. As used herein, the term "Ethernet switch" is intended to encompass any multi-port Ethernet network device that maps/directs network data from a first (input) port on the switch device <NUM>,<NUM> to a second (output) port on the switch device <NUM>,<NUM> using information contained in the network data that describes the intended destination for the network data.

With respect to the network adapter <NUM>, each Ethernet switch <NUM> is physically connected to the adapter base 112a, preferably by a releasable connection. Likewise, with respect to each I/O device <NUM>, each Ethernet switch <NUM> is physically connected to the I/O base 120a, preferably by a releasable connection. For both the network adapter <NUM> and each I/O device <NUM>, each Ethernet switch <NUM>,<NUM> is operably connected to the backplane <NUM> for communication of data on the backplane <NUM>. The switches 130a,130b can be powered by a separate electrical power connection through the bases 112a, 120a and/or using a Power over Ethernet (PoE) connection or other power delivery method through the backplane network <NUM>, itself.

The switches <NUM> of the network adapter <NUM> each have at least three ports to implement a backplane <NUM> in accordance with the present development as described further below. Similarly, the switches <NUM> of each I/O module <NUM> have at least three ports to implement a backplane <NUM> in accordance with the present development as described further below. More particularly, the switches of the I/O devices <NUM> each have at least (<NUM> + n) ports, where "n" is the number of I/O modules 120b connected to the I/O base 120a.

In contrast to known systems, the present distributed I/O system <NUM> uses the first and second Ethernet switches 130a, 130b of the network adapter <NUM> to establish and maintain first and second Ethernet backplane networks 114a, 114b that are completely redundant and independent with respect to each other.

As shown in <FIG>, each adapter module 112b1,112b2 is operably connected to both of the first and second industrial control system networks N1,N2 via connections N1a,N1b and N2a,N2b. Furthermore, each Ethernet switch <NUM> of the adapter <NUM> is operably connected to both adapter modules 112b1,112b2. In particular, switches 130a,130b are connected to adapter module 112b1 by respective connections 115a,115b and switches 130a,130b are connected to adapter module 112b2 by respective connections 116a,116b. The switch 130a establishes the first backplane network 114a in operative communication with the first adapter module 112b1 on one of its ports, and the switch 130b establishes the second backplane network 114b in operative communication with the second adapter module 112b2 on one of its ports. As such, the first backplane network 114a is in operative communication with both the first and second adapter modules 112b <NUM>,112b2, and the second backplane network 114b is also independently in operative communication with both the first and second adapter modules 112b1,112b2.

Similarly, the first and second Ethernet switches 132a,132b of each I/O device <NUM> are each connected to each I/O module 120b (120b1,120b2,120b3,120b4) by respective first connections <NUM> (for the first switch 132a) and respective second connections <NUM> (for the second switch 132b). The first switch 132a includes first (upstream) and second (downstream) "first backplane" propagation ports 140a,140b that are respectively connected to upstream and downstream segments of the first backplane 114a (with "upstream" meaning logically closer to the corresponding/first Ethernet switch 130a of the network adapter <NUM> as compared to "downstream"). In the same manner, the second switch 132b includes first (upstream) and second (downstream) "second backplane" propagation ports 142a, 142b that are respectively connected to upstream and downstream segments of the second backplane 114b (again, with "upstream" meaning logically closer to the corresponding/second Ethernet switch 130b of the network adapter <NUM> as compared to "downstream"). Because the first and second backplane circuits / backplane networks 114a,114b are physically constructed through the bases 112a,120a and connectors K, the first adapter Ethernet backplane switch 130a and the first I/O device Ethernet switches 132a of the successive I/O devices <NUM> are connected together in a serial or daisy-chain manner through the adapter <NUM> and the successively adjacent I/O devices <NUM> to form the first backplane 114a. Similarly, the second adapter Ethernet backplane switch 130b and the second I/O device switches 132a of the successive I/O devices <NUM> are connected together in a serial or daisy-chain manner through the adapter <NUM> and the successively adjacent I/O devices <NUM> to form the second backplane 114b.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that, since the first and second backplanes 114a, 114b are independent and redundant, the distributed I/O device <NUM> will continue to operate even upon a failure of either the first backplane 114a or the second backplane 114b, since the other operating (non-failed) backplane 114a,114b provides a path for all backplane power and data. Furthermore, since the Ethernet backplane switches <NUM>,<NUM> are releasably connected to the bases 112a,120a, a failed switch <NUM>,<NUM> of one of the backplane networks 114a,114b can be unplugged and replaced while the distributed I/O device <NUM> is operative using the other backplane 114a,114b of which the replaced switch <NUM>,<NUM> is not a part. Other than the switches <NUM>,<NUM>, the backplane circuitry of the adapter base 112a and each I/O base 120a is completely passive and provided by printed circuit board (PCB) or other passive electrical connection within the network adapter base 112a and each I/O base 120a which greatly improves fault tolerance because the probability of a failure of the passive components of the backplane network <NUM> is very low as compared to the active switches <NUM>,<NUM> which are replaceable during operation of the I/O device <NUM> as noted above.

Although the first and second backplane networks 114a, 114b are physically redundant with respect to each other, they need not carry identical data traffic and all times or at any time, although such use is also contemplated within the scope and intent of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the first and second backplane networks carry certain data that is redundant with respect to each other, while other data is unique to each backplane network 114a,114b.

Claim 1:
A modular I/O system for an industrial automation network, said modular I/O system comprising:
a network adapter (<NUM>) including first and second adapter modules (112b1, 112b2), wherein each of the adapter modules is configured for operative connection with an associated industrial network (N1, N2);
a first I/O device (<NUM>) located adjacent to the network adapter and including first and second I/O modules (120b1, 120b2) each configured for operative connection to an associated controlled system (CS) for input and output of data with respect to the associated controlled system;
first and second independent backplane data networks (114a, 114b) that operably connect each of the first and second adapter modules to each of the first and second I/O modules,
wherein said network adapter and said first I/O device comprise respective first backplane connectors
that are physically mated with each other and
that establish part of said first and second backplane networks when mated with each other in a serial or daisy-chain manner,
wherein said first I/O device further comprises respective second backplane connectors
for physically mating corresponding second backplane connectors of a second I/O device and
for establishing part of said first and second backplane networks when mated with said corresponding second backplane connectors of the second I/O device in a serial or daisy-chain manner,
first and second network data switches (130a, 130b) physically connected to said network adapter, wherein said first network data switch is operably connected to said first backplane network and said second network data switch is operably connected to said second backplane network; and
third and fourth network data switches physically connected to said first I/O device, wherein said third network data switch is operably connected to said first backplane network and said fourth network data switch is operably connected to said second backplane network,
wherein said first and second network data switches are each operably connected to both of said first and second adapter modules of said network adapter for communication of data between each of said first and second network data switches and both of said first and second adapter modules.