Patent Description:
A network may transmit to and/or receive from user equipment (UE) travelling on a train, e.g., a high speed train. The network may distribute cells along the train track with multiple transmission-reception points (TRP) per cell, e.g., to exploit the benefits of single frequency network (SFN) operation within each cell. The UE may be handed over between cells as the UE moves from one cell to the next. The UE may have one or more antenna arrays to generate one or more spatially directed receive beams and/or transmit beams per array. Similarly, each TRP may include one or more antenna arrays to generate spatially directed receive beams and/or transmit beams. When operating at high frequencies such as the millimeter wave band, the use of beams (e.g., narrowly focused beams) may be needed to overcome issues such as propagation loss.

<CIT> discloses an apparatus for use in a UE includes processing circuitry coupled to a memory. To configure the UE for high-speed train (HST) communications in a <NUM>-NR network, the processing circuitry is to decode configuration signaling received from an RRH operating as a gNB. The configuration signaling indicating an upcoming configuration transmission of network assistance information from the RRH. The network assistance information received from the RRH is decoded. TRS-based processing is performed to track a frequency offset (FO) associated with a downlink data transmission from the RRH. The TRS-based processing using a single-shot FO estimation based on a FO instruction in the network assistance information received from the RRH. The downlink data transmission is demodulated based on applying a local oscillator (LO) adjustment using the FO.

<CIT> discloses a method of a user equipment (UE) for a beam indication in a wireless communication system includes receiving, from a base station (BS), downlink control information (DCI) including scheduling information for a data transmission on a downlink data channel, wherein the DCI includes an index of a spatial quasi-co-location (QCL) configuration, comparing a time offset between the data transmission and the DCI with a threshold that is pre-configured at the UE, and calculating a receive (Rx) beam based on the index of the spatial QCL configuration or a pre-configured spatial QCL assumption, receiving the data transmission based on the time offset.

<CIT> discloses methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications. A user equipment (UE) may identify that an uplink transmission to a base station is to occur in accordance with an uplink timing advance value representing an amount of time that the uplink transmission takes from transmission at the UE to reception at the base station. The UE may perform an autonomous open-loop adjustment to the uplink timing advance value. The UE may transmit the uplink transmission to the base station in accordance with the adjusted uplink timing advance value. The base station may transmit an indication of a set of uplink timing advance values for a UE to use for uplink transmissions, each of the set of uplink timing advance values representing an amount of time that an uplink transmission is expected to take from transmission at the UE to reception at the base station.

Aspects of the invention are described in accordance with the appended set of claims.

A better understanding of the present subject matter can be obtained when the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment is considered in conjunction with the following drawings.

While the features described herein are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to be limiting to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the scope of the subject matter as defined by the appended claims.

The following acronyms are used in this disclosure.

Memory Medium - Any of various types of memory devices or storage devices. The term "memory medium" is intended to include an installation medium, e.g., a CD-ROM, floppy disks, or tape device; a computer system memory or random access memory such as DRAM, DDR RAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, Rambus RAM, etc.; a non-volatile memory such as a Flash, magnetic media, e.g., a hard drive, or optical storage; registers, or other similar types of memory elements, etc. The memory medium may include other types of memory as well or combinations thereof. In addition, the memory medium may be located in a first computer system in which the programs are executed, or may be located in a second different computer system which connects to the first computer system over a network, such as the Internet. In the latter instance, the second computer system may provide program instructions to the first computer for execution. The term "memory medium" may include two or more memory mediums which may reside in different locations, e.g., in different computer systems that are connected over a network. The memory medium may store program instructions (e.g., embodied as computer programs) that may be executed by one or more processors.

Computer System - any of various types of computing or processing systems, including a personal computer system (PC), mainframe computer system, workstation, network appliance, Internet appliance, personal digital assistant (PDA), personal communication device, smart phone, television system, grid computing system, or other device or combinations of devices. In general, the term "computer system" can be broadly defined to encompass any device (or combination of devices) having at least one processor that executes instructions from a memory medium.

User Equipment (UE) (or "UE Device") - any of various types of computer systems devices which are mobile or portable and which performs wireless communications. Examples of UE devices include mobile telephones or smart phones (e.g., iPhone™, Android™-based phones), portable gaming devices (e.g., Nintendo DS™, PlayStation Portable™, Gameboy Advance™, iPhone™), wearable devices (e.g., smart watch, smart glasses), laptops, PDAs, portable Internet devices, music players, data storage devices, or other handheld devices, etc. In general, the term "UE" or "UE device" can be broadly defined to encompass any electronic, computing, and/or telecommunications device (or combination of devices) which is easily transported by a user and capable of wireless communication.

Processing Element - refers to any of various elements or combinations of elements. Processing elements include, for example, circuits such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), portions or circuits of individual processor cores, entire processor cores, individual processors, programmable hardware devices such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and/or larger portions of systems that include multiple processors.

<FIG> illustrate exemplary (and simplified) wireless communication systems. It is noted that the systems of <FIG> are merely examples of certain possible systems, and various embodiments may be implemented in any of various ways, as desired.

The wireless communication system of <FIG> includes a base station 102A which communicates over a transmission medium with one or more user equipment (UE) devices 106A, 106B, etc., through 106N. Each of the user equipment devices may be referred to herein as "user equipment" (UE). In the wireless communication system of <FIG>, in addition to the base station 102A, base station 102B also communicates (e.g., simultaneously or concurrently) over a transmission medium with the UE devices 106A, 106B, etc., through 106N.

The base stations 102A and 102B may be base transceiver stations (BTSs) or cell sites, and may include hardware that enables wireless communication with the user devices 106A through 106N. Each base station <NUM> may also be equipped to communicate with a core network <NUM> (e.g., base station 102A may be coupled to core network 100A, while base station 102B may be coupled to core network 100B), which may be a core network of a cellular service provider. Each core network <NUM> may be coupled to one or more external networks (such as external network <NUM>), which may include the Internet, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), or any other network. Thus, the base station 102A may facilitate communication between the user devices and/or between the user devices and the network 100A; in the system of <FIG>, the base station 102B may facilitate communication between the user devices and/or between the user devices and the network 100B.

The base stations 102A and 102B and the user devices may be configured to communicate over the transmission medium using any of various radio access technologies (RATs), also referred to as wireless communication technologies, or telecommunication standards, such as GSM, UMTS (WCDMA), LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), 3GPP2 CDMA2000 (e.g., 1xRTT, 1xEV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD), Wi-Fi, WiMAX etc..

For example, base station 102A and core network 100A may operate according to a first cellular communication standard (e.g., LTE) while base station 102B and core network 100B operate according to a second (e.g., different) cellular communication standard (e.g., GSM, UMTS, and/or one or more CDMA2000 cellular communication standards). The two networks may be controlled by the same network operator (e.g., cellular service provider or "carrier"), or by different network operators. In addition, the two networks may be operated independently of one another (e.g., if they operate according to different cellular communication standards), or may be operated in a somewhat coupled or tightly coupled manner.

Note also that while two different networks may be used to support two different cellular communication technologies, such as illustrated in the network configuration shown in <FIG>, other network configurations implementing multiple cellular communication technologies are also possible. As one example, base stations 102A and 102B might operate according to different cellular communication standards but couple to the same core network. As another example, multi-mode base stations capable of simultaneously supporting different cellular communication technologies (e.g., LTE and CDMA 1xRTT, GSM and UMTS, or any other combination of cellular communication technologies) might be coupled to a core network that also supports the different cellular communication technologies. Any of various other network deployment scenarios are also possible.

As a further possibility, it is also possible that base station 102A and base station 102B may operate according to the same wireless communication technology (or an overlapping set of wireless communication technologies). For example, base station 102A and core network 100A may be operated by one cellular service provider independently of base station 102B and core network 100B, which may be operated by a different (e.g., competing) cellular service provider. Thus in this case, despite utilizing similar and possibly compatible cellular communication technologies, the UE devices 106A-106N might communicate with the base stations 102A-102B independently, possibly by utilizing separate subscriber identities to communicate with different carriers' networks.

A UE <NUM> may be capable of communicating using multiple wireless communication standards. For example, a UE <NUM> might be configured to communicate using either or both of a 3GPP cellular communication standard (such as LTE) or a 3GPP2 cellular communication standard (such as a cellular communication standard in the CDMA2000 family of cellular communication standards). As another example, a UE <NUM> might be configured to communicate using different 3GPP cellular communication standards (such as two or more of GSM, UMTS, LTE, or LTE-A). Thus, as noted above, a UE <NUM> might be configured to communicate with base station 102A (and/or other base stations) according to a first cellular communication standard (e.g., LTE) and might also be configured to communicate with base station 102B (and/or other base stations) according to a second cellular communication standard (e.g., one or more CDMA2000 cellular communication standards, UMTS, GSM, etc.).

Base stations 102A and 102B and other base stations operating according to the same or different cellular communication standards may thus be provided as one or more networks of cells, which may provide continuous or nearly continuous overlapping service to UEs 106A-106N and similar devices over a wide geographic area via one or more cellular communication standards.

A UE <NUM> might also or alternatively be configured to communicate using WLAN, Bluetooth, one or more global navigational satellite systems (GNSS, e.g., GPS or GLONASS), one and/or more mobile television broadcasting standards (e.g., ATSC-M/H or DVB-H), etc. Other combinations of wireless communication standards (including more than two wireless communication standards) are also possible.

<FIG> illustrates user equipment <NUM> (e.g., one of the devices 106A through 106N) in communication with a base station <NUM> (e.g., one of the base stations 102A or 102B). The UE <NUM> may be a device with wireless network connectivity such as a mobile phone, a hand-held device, a computer or a tablet, a wearable device or virtually any type of wireless device.

The UE may include a processor that is configured to execute program instructions stored in memory. The UE may perform any of the method embodiments described herein by executing such stored instructions. Alternatively, or in addition, the UE may include a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (field-programmable gate array) that is configured to perform any of the method embodiments described herein, or any portion of any of the method embodiments described herein.

The UE <NUM> may be configured to communicate using any of multiple wireless communication protocols. For example, the UE <NUM> may be configured to communicate using two or more of GSM, UMTS (W-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, etc.), CDMA2000 (1xRTT, 1xEV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD, etc.), LTE, LTE-A, WLAN, or GNSS. Other combinations of wireless communication standards are also possible.

The UE <NUM> may include one or more antennas for communicating using one or more wireless communication protocols. Within the UE <NUM>, one or more parts of a receive and/or transmit chain may be shared between multiple wireless communication standards; for example, the UE <NUM> might be configured to communicate using either (or both) of GSM or LTE using a single shared radio. The shared radio may include a single antenna, or may include multiple antennas (e.g., for MIMO or beamforming) for performing wireless communications. MIMO is an acronym for Multi-Input Multiple-Output.

<FIG> illustrates an example of a block diagram of a UE <NUM>. As shown, the UE <NUM> may include a system on chip (SOC) <NUM>, which may include portions for various purposes. For example, as shown, the SOC <NUM> may include processor(s) <NUM> which may execute program instructions for the UE <NUM> and display circuitry <NUM> which may perform graphics processing and provide display signals to the display <NUM>. The processor(s) <NUM> may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU) <NUM>, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor(s) <NUM> and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory <NUM>, read only memory (ROM) <NUM>, NAND flash memory <NUM>) and/or to other circuits or devices, such as the display circuitry <NUM>, radio <NUM>, connector I/F <NUM>, and/or display <NUM>. The MMU <NUM> may be configured to perform memory protection and page table translation or set up. In some embodiments, the MMU <NUM> may be included as a portion of the processor(s) <NUM>.

As shown, the SOC <NUM> may be coupled to various other circuits of the UE <NUM>. For example, the UE <NUM> may include various types of memory (e.g., including Flash memory <NUM>), a connector interface <NUM> (e.g., for coupling to a computer system, dock, charging station, etc.), the display <NUM>, and radio <NUM>.

The radio <NUM> may include one or more RF chains. Each RF chain may include a transmit chain, a receive chain, or both. For example, radio <NUM> may include two RF chains to support dual connectivity with two base stations (or two cells). The radio may be configured to support wireless communication according to one or more wireless communication standards, e.g., one or more of GSM, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, WCDMA, CDMA2000, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS, etc..

The radio <NUM> couples to antenna subsystem <NUM>, which includes one or more antennas. For example, the antenna subsystem <NUM> may include a plurality of antennas to support applications such as dual connectivity or MIMO or beamforming. The antenna subsystem <NUM> transmits and receives radio signals to/from one or more base stations or devices through the radio propagation medium, which is typically the atmosphere.

In some embodiments, the processor(s) <NUM> may include a baseband processor to generate uplink baseband signals and/or to process downlink baseband signals. The processor(s) <NUM> may be configured to perform data processing according to one or more wireless telecommunication standards, e.g., one or more of GSM, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, WCDMA, CDMA2000, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS, etc..

The UE <NUM> may also include one or more user interface elements. The user interface elements may include any of various elements, such as display <NUM> (which may be a touchscreen display), a keyboard (which may be a discrete keyboard or may be implemented as part of a touchscreen display), a mouse, a microphone and/or speakers, one or more cameras, one or more sensors, one or more buttons, sliders, and/or dials, and/or any of various other elements capable of providing information to a user and/or receiving / interpreting user input.

As shown, the UE <NUM> may also include one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) <NUM>. Each of the one or more SIMs may be implemented as an embedded SIM (eSIM), in which case the SIM may be implemented in device hardware and/or software. For example, in some embodiments, the UE <NUM> may include an embedded UICC (eUICC), e.g., a device which is built into the UE <NUM> and is not removable. The eUICC may be programmable, such that one or more eSIMs may be implemented on the eUICC. In other embodiments, the eSIM may be installed in UE <NUM> software, e.g., as program instructions stored on a memory medium (such as memory <NUM> or Flash <NUM>) executing on a processor (such as processor <NUM>) in the UE <NUM>. As one example, a SIM <NUM> may be an application which executes on a Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC). Alternatively, or in addition, one or more of the SIMs <NUM> may be implemented as removable SIM cards.

The processor <NUM> of the UE device <NUM> may be configured to implement part or all of the methods described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium). In other embodiments, processor <NUM> may be configured as or include: a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array); or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit); or a combination thereof.

<FIG> illustrates a block diagram of a base station <NUM>. The processor(s) <NUM> may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU) <NUM>, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor(s) <NUM> and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory <NUM> and read only memory ROM <NUM>) or to other circuits or devices.

The network port <NUM> may be configured to couple to a telephone network and provide access (for a plurality of devices, such as UE devices <NUM>) to the telephone network, as described above in <FIG>.

The base station <NUM> may include a radio <NUM> having one or more RF chains. Each RF chain may include a transmit chain, a receive chain, or both. (For example, the base station <NUM> may include at least one RF chain per sector or cell. ) The radio <NUM> couples to antenna subsystem <NUM>, which includes one or more antennas. Multiple antennas would be needed, e.g., to support applications such as MIMO or beamforming. The antenna subsystem <NUM> transmits and receives radio signals to/from UEs through the radio propagation medium (typically the atmosphere).

In some embodiments, the processor(s) <NUM> may include a baseband processor to generate downlink baseband signals and/or to process uplink baseband signals. The baseband processor <NUM> may be configured to operate according to one or more wireless telecommunication standards, including, but not limited to, GSM, LTE, <NUM> New Radio, WCDMA, CDMA2000, etc..

The processor(s) <NUM> of the base station <NUM> may be configured to implement any of the methods described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium). In some embodiments, the processor(s) <NUM> may include: a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array); or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit); or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, a wireless user equipment (UE) device <NUM> may be configured as shown in <FIG>. UE device <NUM> may include: a radio subsystem <NUM> for performing wireless communication; and a processing element <NUM> operatively coupled to the radio subsystem. (UE device <NUM> may also include any subset of the UE features described above, e.g., in connection with <FIG>.

The radio subsystem <NUM> may include one or more RF chains, e.g., as variously described above. Each RF chain may be configured to receive signals from the radio propagation channel and/or transmit signals onto the radio propagation channel. Thus, each RF chain may include a transmit chain and/or a receive chain. The radio subsystem <NUM> may be coupled to one or more antennas (or, one or more arrays of antennas) to facilitate signal transmission and reception. Each RF chain (or, some of the RF chains) may be tunable to a desired frequency, thus allowing the RF chain to receive or transmit at different frequencies at different times.

The processing element <NUM> may be coupled to the radio subsystem, and may be configured as variously described above. (For example, processing element may be realized by processor(s) <NUM>. ) The processing element may be configured to control the state of each RF chain in the radio subsystem. The processing element may be configured to perform any of the UE-based method embodiments described herein.

In some embodiments, the processing element may include one or more baseband processors to (a) generate baseband signals to be transmitted by the radio subsystem and/or (b) process baseband signals provided by the radio subsystem.

In a dual connectivity mode of operation, the processing element may direct a first RF chain to communicate with a first base station using a first radio access technology and direct a second RF chain to communicate with a second base station using a second radio access technology. For example, the first RF chain may communicate with an LTE eNB, and the second RF chain may communicate with a gNB of <NUM> New Radio (NR). The link with the LTE eNB may be referred to as the LTE branch. The link with the gNB may be referred to as the NR branch. In some embodiments, the processing element may include a first subcircuit for baseband processing with respect to the LTE branch and a second subcircuit for baseband processing with respect to the NR branch.

The processing element <NUM> may be further configured as variously described in the sections below.

In some embodiments, a wireless base station <NUM> of a wireless network (not shown) may be configured as shown in <FIG>. The wireless base station may include: a radio subsystem <NUM> for performing wireless communication over a radio propagation channel; and a processing element <NUM> operatively coupled to the radio subsystem. (The wireless base station may also include any subset of the base station features described above, e.g., the features described above in connection with <FIG>.

The radio subsystem <NUM> may include one or more RF chains. Each RF chain may be tunable to a desired frequency, thus allowing the RF chain to receive or transmit at different frequencies at different times. The radio subsystem <NUM> may be coupled to an antenna subsystem, including one or more antennas, e.g., an array of antennas, or a plurality of antenna arrays. The radio subsystem may employ the antenna subsystem to transmit and receive radio signals to/from radio wave propagation medium.

The processing element <NUM> may be realized as variously described above. For example, in one embodiment, processing element <NUM> may be realized by processor(s) <NUM>. In some embodiments, the processing element may include one or more baseband processors to: (a) generate baseband signals to be transmitted by the radio subsystem, and/or, (b) process baseband signals provided by the radio subsystem.

The processing element <NUM> may be configured to perform any of the base station method embodiments described herein.

In some embodiments, a user equipment (UE) may be mounted in or on a train, e.g., a high speed train (HST), and configured to operate at high frequencies, e.g., in the millimeter wave band. The UE may be referred to as a CPE UE, wherein CPE is an acronym for Customer Premises Equipment. Cells of a network may be distributed along the train track (or path). Each cell may have one or more transmission-reception points (TRPs). Each TRP may include on or more antenna panels. For example, a base station (e.g., gNB in the context of 3GPP <NUM>) may include a pool of baseband units (BBUs) that couple to respective remote radio heads (RRHs), with the RRHs realizing the TRPs. As the train travels along its path, the UE may be handed over from one cell to the next. Within the coverage area of each cell, the UE and the cell may communicate via one or more of the TRPs of the cell. When communicating via more than one TRP, the cell may behave like a Single Frequency Network (SFN). When communicating via one TRP at a time, the transmission scheme is called DPS (dynamic point selection). As the UE moves with a cell, the base station may send TCI state updates to the UE so that the base station may use appropriate beam(s) for its current position. (TCI is an acronym for Transmission Configuration Indication.

The transmissions between a cell and a UE may be bi-directional or uni-directional. Uni-directional means that the cell is configured to support communication with the UE only via TRPs ahead of the UE, or alternatively, only via TRPs behind the UE, relative to the direction of train motion. (A TRP is said to be ahead of the UE if its x coordinate is larger than the UE's x coordinate, where the x axis is defined by the train track, and the positive x direction is the direction of train motion. A TRP is said to be behind the UE if its x coordinate is less than the UE's x coordinate. ) Thus, in the uni-directional mode, the UE may communicate only with one or more TRPs ahead the UE, or alternatively, only with one or more TRPs behind the UE. ) For example, the UE may include only a forward-looking panel, and the TRPs of the cell may include only backward-looking panels. (A panel is said to be forward looking if its pointing direction makes an angle of less than <NUM> degree with respect to the direction of train motion. A panel is said to be backward looking if its pointing direction makes an angle of less than <NUM> degrees with respect to the direction opposite to train motion.

In contrast, at least in some embodiments, bi-directional means that the UE may have to switch between the use of forward-pointing UE beam(s) and backward-pointing UE beam(s) because the TRPs of the cell include both forward-looking panel(s) and backward-looking panel(s). For example, a cell may include TRPs, each of which (or, some of which) include both a forward-looking panel and a backward-looking panel. Likewise, the UE may include both a forward looking panel and a backward looking panel. The UE's forward looking panel may transmit and/or receive from a TRP's backward looking panel; and the UE's backward looking panel may transmit and/or receive from a TRP's forward looking panel. In this context, the terms "uni-directional" and "bi-directional" are not referring to uplink and downlink directions.

In some embodiments, the cells and the UE may be configured to communicate in the Frequency Range <NUM> (FR2) of 3GPP <NUM>. However, the cells and the UE of the present disclosure are not limited to operating in FR2 or in the context of 3GPP.

<FIG> illustrates two different deployment scenarios, according to some embodiments. Each Figure illustrates a view generally from above the train track. While the TRPs of cells are shown as being situated on one side of the track, it should be noted that a wide variety of arrangements from TRPs are possible.

The distance Ds is the distance between successive TRPs of a cell. The distance Dmin is the minimum distance between a TRP (e.g., an RRH) of a cell and the train track (or, between the RRHs and the UE) Each TRP will have a corresponding value of Dmin.

<FIG> illustrates an example of scenario A, where the distance Ds is approximately <NUM> meters, and the distance Dmin is approximately <NUM> meters. While <FIG> illustrates a bi-directional example of scenario A, it should be understood that scenario A may be realized in a uni-directional fashion as well. <FIG> illustrates an example of scenario B, where the distance DS is approximately <NUM> meters, and the distance Dmin is approximately <NUM> meters. While <FIG> illustrate a uni-directional example of scenario B, it should be understood that scenario B may be realized in a bi-directional fashion as well.

While the scenarios A and B are introduced to facilitate discussion, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to such scenarios, and that a wide variety of scenarios having a wide variety of combinations of parameter values are contemplated.

As shown in <FIG>, scenario A employs a smaller distance Dmin than scenario B. For example, in scenario A, the operator of the network may engage in a business collaboration with a train operator, allowing the network operator to place their TRPs (e.g., RRHs) close to the train track and/or within train tunnels. In scenario B, the larger value of Dmin may arise from any of a variety of motivations, e.g., a concern for safety.

The number N of UE beams is a key parameters in Radio Resource Management (RRM) processes. Unfortunately, in current 3GPP specifications, the value of N is fixed at <NUM> for SSB related RRM measurements in idle mode when DRX cycle is <NUM>, and connected mode. (SSB is an acronym for Synchronization Signal / PBCH Block. PBCH is an acronym for Physical Broadcast Channel. DRX is an acronym for Discontinuous Reception. ) Thus, to enhance the performance of RRM processes, it would be desirable to reduce the value of N, whenever possible, instead of using a fixed value of N. Reducing the value of N decreases the overhead associated with signaling beam updates to the UE device.

The number of UE receive beams may depend on factors such as the deployment scenario; the UE antenna configuration; and the RRH antenna configuration. The deployment scenario may include one or more fields such as: the value of Ds, the value of Dmin, a bi-directional/uni-directional flag, etc..

In some embodiments, the network may provide information to the UE that assists the UE in determining the number of UE receive beams. For example, for scenario A with uni-directional deployment, one receive beam (N=<NUM>) can be used. For scenario A with bi-directional deployment, <NUM> receive beams (N=<NUM>) can be used, e.g., when the UE is configured with a 4x4 antenna panel. For scenario B, a higher number of receive beams (e.g. <NUM>, or <NUM>) may be needed.

A receive beam and/or transmit beam of the UE may be configured to cover an extent of azimuth angle bounded by the angle θ<NUM> and the angle θ<NUM>, as shown in <FIG>. The angle θ<NUM> may be defined as the azimuth angle of the TRPk+<NUM> (the next TRP) as seen by the UE at or near TRPk (a current TRP). The angle θ<NUM> depends on the values of DS and Dmin. The angle θ<NUM> may be defined as the azimuth angle of TRPk+<NUM>, as seen by the UE close to TRPk+<NUM>. For example, the angle θ<NUM> may be defined as the azimuth angle when the UE is at distance cDS from the TRPk+<NUM>, where c is be a positive constant less than ½, or less than <NUM>/<NUM>, or less than <NUM>/<NUM>, or less than <NUM>/<NUM>, or less than <NUM>/<NUM>, or less than <NUM>/<NUM>, or less than <NUM>/<NUM>.

In some embodiments, the UE may use assistance information from network (e.g., from a cell of the network) to apply an autonomous, uplink timing advance (TA) adjustment between RRHs of a cell, in a uni-directional SFN deployment. When TCI state switching occurs from one RRH to another RRH, a TA adjustment (e.g., a large TA adjustment) may be expected. As shown in <FIG>, in a dynamic point selection (DPS) transmission scenario, each transmission-reception point (TRP) of the cell may be associated with a pair (or subset) of SSB indices. For example, TRP3 may be associated with SSB indices <NUM> and <NUM>, while TRP4 may be associated with SSB indices <NUM> and <NUM>. When the UE is switching from a TCI state associated with SSB index <NUM> to a TCI state associated with SSB index <NUM>, the propagation delay may increase by a substantial value, e.g., when Ds is large. (The UE may use different beams at different positions along the track. For example, beams corresponding to SSB <NUM>, SSB <NUM>, SSB <NUM> and SSB <NUM> are shown respectively at positions X1, X2, X3 and X4, with the X axis corresponding to the track. The UE transitions from TRP3 to TRP4 between positions X3 and X4. ) A TA adjustment (e.g., a one time adjustment) may be performed when transitioning from one RRH to the next, e.g., based on the change in the received downlink SSB timing. To enable the UE to perform the TA adjustment, the network (e.g., the cell) may signal the assistance information to the UE. In some embodiments, the assistance information may include the deployment information described below in connection with <FIG>, or the beam number information described below in connection with <FIG>.

It should be noted that the specific values mentioned in the above discussion are provided for the sake of illustration. Parameters such as DS, Dmin, the number of TRPs per cell, the number of panels per RRH, the number of antennas per panel, the mapping of SSB indices to TRPs may each take a variety of values, e.g., depending on application scenario, performance requirements, etc..

In some embodiments, a cell <NUM> of a network and a CPE UE <NUM> may communicate as shown in <FIG>. The cell may transmit deployment information <NUM> to the UE <NUM>. The deployment information may include physical deployment parameters describing the deployment of the cell (or TRPs of the cell) in relation to the track (or pathway) of a train, on which the UE is conveyed. The network and the UE may be configured for FR2 (High Speed Train) HST deployment. However, a wide variety of other deployments are contemplated, e.g., outside the context of 3GPP <NUM>, or outside of the context of 3GPP. The deployment information may be repeatedly broadcasted as part of System Information Block (SIB) transmissions from the cell. However, other means of conveying the deployment information are possible and contemplated.

In some embodiments, the deployment information may include: an average (or typical or representative) value of for TRPs of the cell; and a value of Ds for TRPs of the cell. In other embodiments, the deployment information may include an indication of a spread in azimuth angle that the UE is required (or recommended) to cover by its receive beam(s) and/or transmit beam(s). (Azimuth angle is the angle that sweeps in the horizontal plane. ) For example, the deployment information may indicate a minimum azimuth angle and a maximum azimuth angle.

In some embodiments, the deployment information may be transmitted (or broadcasted) to the UE as part of a ServingCellConfigCommon structure or a ServingCellConfigCommonSIB structure. One realization of ServingCellConfigCommonSIB is given in <FIG>. However, a wide variety of other realizations are contemplated, e.g., with other different elements, different element ordering, different sets of possible values for the elements, etc..

In some embodiments, the UE may calculate a preferred number of UE receive beams based on the UE's antenna configuration and the deployment information. (The calculation may be performed assuming HST FR2 as the context. ) The UE may transmit feedback information <NUM> to the cell, where the feedback information includes the preferred number of UE receive beams.

In some embodiments, the preferred number of UE receive beams may be calculated under the assumption that their pointing directions are distributed so that they together cover a spread of azimuth angle, and that they each have the same angular spread in elevation. The azimuth angle spread may be determined based on the deployment information.

In some embodiments, the feedback information may include the preferred number of UE receive beams per UE panel, and the number of panels through which the UE can simultaneously perform measurement, e.g., RRM measurement. (The term "panel" refers to antenna panels.

In some embodiments, the feedback information may include the preferred number of UE receive beams of the UE, regardless of the number of UE panels. For example, if the UE has <NUM> panels, each with one receive beam, the feedback information may include the number N=<NUM>.

In some embodiments, the feedback information may be transmitted to the cell as part of a UE capability message, or as part of an otherConfig message.

In some embodiments, the feedback information may include a structure referred to as maxUERxBeamHighSpeedFR2-PreferenceConfig-r17, as shown in <FIG>. However, a wide variety of other realizations are contemplated, e.g., with other different elements, different element ordering, different sets of possible values for the elements, etc..

After having transmitted the feedback information <NUM>, the UE may engage in connected-mode operations <NUM> using the preferred number of UE receive beams. The connected-mode operations may include processes such as connected-mode measurement, downlink data reception, uplink data transmission, etc. (The uplink data transmission may use a number of UE transmit beams equal to the preferred number of UE receive beams.

In some embodiments, the processing circuitry may calculate an adjustment (e.g., an autonomous, one time adjustment) of an uplink timing advance (UL TA) based on the deployment information, e.g., as variously described above. The processing circuity may then apply the calculated adjustment to the uplink timing advance when performing an uplink transmission to the cell (e.g., to a TRP of the cell).

In one set of embodiments, a method <NUM> for operating a user equipment (UE) device may include the operations shown in <FIG>. (The method <NUM> may also include any subset of the features, elements or operations described above. ) The method <NUM> may be performed by processing circuity of the UE device, e.g., by the processing element <NUM> of user equipment <NUM>.

As shown at <NUM>, the processing circuitry may receive deployment information from a cell of a network, wherein the UE device is carried by a train. (More generally, the UE device may be carried by a vehicle that travels along a path. ) For example, the UE device may be mounted on top of a car of the train. The deployment information may relate to deployment of the cell (or transmission-reception points of the cell) in relation to a track of the train.

In some embodiments, the UE device and the cell (i.e., the base station that hosts the cell) are configured for operation in the millimeter wave band, e.g., in the Frequency Range <NUM> of 3GPP <NUM> New Radio.

In some embodiments, the deployment information may indicates a distance between successive transmission-reception points (TRPs) of the cell.

In some embodiments, the deployment information may indicate an average value of a minimum distance between a track of the train and transmission-reception points of the cell.

In some embodiments, the deployment information may indicate a spread in azimuth angle over which the UE device is expected to receive from transmission-reception points of the cell.

In some embodiments, the processing circuity may calculate a preferred number of receive beams to use for downlink reception from the cell (from TRPs of the cell) based on the deployment information and an antenna configuration of the UE device.

In some embodiments, the processing circuitry may transmit feedback information to the cell, wherein the feedback information includes the preferred number.

In one set of embodiments, a method <NUM> for operating a base station may include the operations shown in <FIG>. (The method <NUM> may include any subset of the features, elements or operations described above. ) The method <NUM> may be performed by processing circuity of the base station, e.g., by the processing element <NUM> of base station <NUM>.

As shown at <NUM>, the processing circuitry may transmit deployment information to a user equipment (UE) device, where transmission-reception points of the base station are deployed along a track of the train (or along a vehicle path). The UE device may be carried by the train (or vehicle). The deployment information may relate to deployment of a cell of the base station in relation to the train track.

In some embodiments, the deployment information may indicate a distance between successive transmission-reception points (TRPs) of the base station.

In some embodiments, the deployment information may indicate an average value of minimum distances between the transmission-reception points and a track of the train.

In some embodiments, the deployment information may indicate a spread in azimuth angle over which the UE device is expected to receive from transmission-reception points of the base station.

In some embodiments, the processing circuity may receive feedback information from the UE device, wherein the feedback information includes a number of UE receive beams preferred by the UE device.

In some embodiments, the processing circuity may perform (a) downlink transmission to the UE device via a number of downlink transmit beam equal to the UE's preferred number, and/or, (b) uplink reception from the UE device via a number of uplink reception beams equal to the UE's preferred number.

In some embodiments, the base station may be realized by a gNB of 3GPP <NUM> New Radio).

In some embodiments, the base station and the UE device are configured for operation in the millimeter wave band, e.g., in the Frequency Range <NUM> of 3GPP <NUM> New Radio.

In some embodiments, the TRPs of the base station are configured for bi-direction SFN operation. In other embodiments, the TRP are configured for uni-directional SFN operation.

In some embodiments, a cell <NUM> of a network and a CPE UE <NUM> may communicate as shown in <FIG>. The network may be configured for operation along a track (or pathway) of a train, e.g., as variously described above in connection with <FIG>. For example, the network and the UE may be configured for FR2 High Speed Train (HST) deployment. (However, a wide variety of other deployments are contemplated, e.g., outside the context of 3GPP <NUM>, or outside of the context of 3GPP. ) The UE may be carried on the train, e.g., mounted on top of the train.

The cell may transmit beam number information <NUM> to the UE <NUM>. The beam number information may include one or more parameters relating to the number(s) of network beams associated with the cell. The beam number information may be repeatedly broadcasted as part of System Information Block (SIB) transmissions from the cell. However, other means of conveying the beam number information are possible and contemplated.

In some embodiments, the beam number information may include: a number of network beams per remote radio head (RRH) of the cell, and a flag indicating whether the deployment of the cell's RRHs is of uni-directional SFN type or bi-directional SFN type. (SFN is an acronym for Single Frequency Network.

In other embodiments, the beam number information may include the number of network beams per panel of RRHs in the cell. An RRH may include one or more antenna panels. (In bi-directional deployments, the RRHs of a cell may include at least two antenna panels: at least one that points generally forward, and at least one that points generally backward, relative to the direction of train motion.

In some embodiments, the beam number information may be transmitted to the cell as part of ServingCellConfigCommon, or as part of ServingCellConfigCommonSIB. One realization of ServingCellConfigCommonSIB is given in <FIG>. However, a wide variety of other realizations are contemplated, e.g., with other different elements, different element ordering, different sets of possible values for the elements, etc..

In some embodiments, the cell may provide beam index signaling per RRH (or TRP) within the cell, e.g., as described above in connection with <FIG>. Each TRP of the cell may correspond to a distinct pair (or subset) of SSB indices. (SSB is an acronym for Synchronization Signal / PBCH Block. ) For example, TRP <NUM> may correspond to SSB indices <NUM> and <NUM> (beams <NUM> and <NUM>); TRP2 may correspond to SSB indices <NUM> and <NUM> (beams <NUM> and <NUM>); and so on. The UE may receive the SSB indices, and perform beam switching based on the SSB indices.

In some embodiments, the UE may perform an uplink timing advance adjustment, e.g., using the SSB indices and/or the above described beam number information.

In some embodiments, the UE may calculate a preferred number of UE receive beams based on the UE's antenna configuration and the beam number information <NUM>. (The preferred number of UE receive beams may be constrained to be less than or equal to the number of network beams. ) As the preferred number of UE antennas is typically smaller than the number of antennas in the network antenna configuration, the beam width of UE beams is typically wider than that of network beams (i.e., beams of the RRHs of the cell).

The UE may transmit feedback information <NUM> to the cell, where the feedback information includes the preferred number of UE receive beams. Alternatively, the feedback information may include: the preferred number of UE receive beams per UE panel, and the number of panels through which the UE can simultaneously perform measurement, e.g., RRM measurement. The feedback information may be transmitted to the cell through one or more of its RRHs.

After having transmitted the feedback information, the UE may engage in connected-mode operations <NUM> using the preferred number(s) of UE receive beams. The connected-mode operations may include processes such as connected-mode measurement, downlink data reception, uplink data transmission, etc. (The uplink data transmission may use a number of UE transmit beams equal to the preferred number of UE receive beams.

In some embodiments, processing circuitry may calculate an adjustment (e.g., an autonomous, one-time adjustment) of an uplink timing advance, based at least on uni-directional deployment information provided by the cell, e.g., as variously described above. (For example, the processing circuity may calculate the adjustment in response to switching from one remote radio head (RRH) of the cell to another. ) The processing circuity may then apply the calculated adjustment to the uplink timing advance when transmitting an uplink signal to the cell (e.g., to a TRP of the cell).

As shown at <NUM>, the processing circuitry may receive beam number information from a cell of a network, wherein the UE is carried on a train (or a vehicle travelling along a path). The beam number information may include a parameter relating to a number of beams associated with the cell (e.g., associated with RRHs of the cell, or associated with antenna panels of the RRHs).

In some embodiments, the parameter may be a number of network beams per remote radio head of the cell.

In some embodiments, the beam number information may also include a flag that indicates whether a deployment of remote radio heads (RRHs) of the cell is of uni-directional SFN type or bi-directional SFN type.

In some embodiments, the parameter may be a number of network beams per panel of remote radio heads of the cell.

In some embodiments, the processing circuity may calculate a preferred number of receive beams to use for downlink reception from the cell, based on the beam number information and an antenna configuration of the UE device.

In some embodiments, the processing circuity may transmit feedback information to the cell, where the feedback information includes the preferred number.

In some embodiments, the UE device and the cell are configured for operation in the millimeter wave band, e.g., in the Frequency Range <NUM> of 3GPP <NUM> New Radio.

As shown at <NUM>, the processing circuitry may transmit beam number information to a user equipment (UE) device, where transmission-reception points of the base station are deployed along a track of a train (or along a vehicle path). The UE device may be carried on the train (or vehicle). The beam number information may include a parameter relating to a number of beams associated with a cell of the base station.

In some embodiments, the processing circuitry may receive feedback information from the UE device, wherein the feedback information includes a number of receive beams preferred by the UE device.

In some embodiments, the base station may be realized by a gNB of 3GPP <NUM> New Radio.

In some embodiments, the network may configure a number of UE receive beams to be used for RRM and beam management. (The network may be arranged to support HST in the millimeter wave band, e.g., in FR2 of 3GPP New Radio. ) As shown in <FIG>, a cell <NUM> of the network may transmit an indication <NUM> of the number of receive beams selected or recommended for use by a CPE UE <NUM>. The indication <NUM> may be broadcasted as part of System Information Block (SIB) transmissions from a cell of the network. The SIB may be transmitted through TRPs at configured SIB transmission location(s), using the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) scrambled by System Information - Radio Network Temporary Identifier (SI-RNTI).

In some embodiments, the network may determine the number of UE receive beams based on the number of network beams that the cell is expected to use for transmission to the UE.

In some embodiments, the UE may be required to use the configured number of UE receive beams, e.g., for connected-mode measurement or beam management. (The amount of time and energy consumed by the UE for such processes may scale with the configured number.

In some embodiments, the configured number of UE receive beams will be treated by the UE as an upper bound on the number of receive beams to be used by the UE. In other embodiments, the configured number of UE receive beams will be treated as a lower bound on the number of receive beams to be used by the UE.

In some embodiments where the cell configures the number of UE receive beams, the network may not explicitly signal the deployment information <NUM> or the beam number information <NUM> to the UE.

In some embodiments, the UE may optionally transmit feedback information <NUM> to the network, e.g., the cell <NUM>. For example, when network configures an upper bound or lower bound on the number of UE receive beams, the feedback information may include a message indicating either that the configured number is confirmed, or that adjustment of the beam number is needed. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the UE may indicate a desired change to the configured beam number, or indicate whether an adjustment is requested in the positive direction or negative direction.

After having received the indication <NUM>, or after having transmitted the feedback information in the optional case, the UE may engage in connected-mode operations <NUM> using the (finally) configured number of UE receive beams. The connected-mode operations may include processes such as connected-mode measurement, downlink data reception, uplink data transmission, etc. (The uplink data transmission may use a number of UE transmit beams equal to the preferred number of UE receive beams.

In some embodiments, the processing circuity may receive a configuration message from a cell of a network. (The cell and the network may be configured for FR2 HST deployment, e.g., as variously described above in connection with <FIG>. ) The configuration message may indicate a first number of receive beams for the UE device, where the UE is carried on a train (or on a vehicle that moves along a path).

In some embodiments, the processing circuity may determine a second number of receive beams to be used by the UE device, based at least in part on the first number. (The second number may be interpreted as a UE preferred number of receive beams. ) This determination may also be based on the antenna configuration of the UE device. The antenna configuration may include, e.g., the number of panels of the UE device, and the number of beams per panel.

In some embodiments, the first number may serve as an upper bound for the determination of the second number.

In some embodiments, the first number may serve as a lower bound for the determination of the second number.

In some embodiments, the processing circuitry may transmit to the cell (e.g., via one or more transmission-reception points of the cell) a feedback message, where feedback message indicates whether or not the first number is confirmed, i.e., accepted for use by the UE device.

In some embodiments, the processing circuity may transmit to the cell a feedback message, wherein the feedback message includes a request for adjustment of the first number.

As shown at <NUM>, the processing circuity may transmit a configuration message to a user equipment (UE) device, where transmission-reception points of the base station are deployed along a track of a train (or along a vehicle path). The UE device may be carried by the train (or vehicle). The configuration message indicates a first number of receive beams for the UE device.

In some embodiments, the first number is an upper bound on a number of receive beams to be used by the UE device.

In some embodiments, the first number is a lower bound on a number of receive beams to be used by the UE device.

In some embodiments, the processing circuitry may receive from the UE device a feedback message, wherein feedback message indicates whether or not the first number is confirmed for use by the UE device.

In some embodiments, the processing circuity may receive a feedback message from the UE device, wherein the feedback message includes a request for adjustment of the first number. In response to receive the request for adjustment, the base station may determine an updated number of UE receive beams, and transmit the updated number to the UE in a configuration message.

In some embodiments, a non-transitory memory medium may store program instructions. The program instructions, when executed by processing circuitry, may cause the processing circuitry to perform any of the method embodiments described above, and any combination of those embodiments. The memory medium may incorporated as part of a base station.

In some embodiments, a computer system may be configured to include a processor (or a set of processors) and a memory medium, where the memory medium stores program instructions, where the processor is configured to read and execute the program instructions from the memory medium, where the program instructions are executable to implement any of the various method embodiments described herein (or, any combination of the method embodiments described herein, or, any subset of any of the method embodiments described herein, or, any combination of such subsets). The computer system may be realized in any of various forms. For example, the computer system may be a personal computer (in any of its various realizations), a workstation, a computer on a card, an application-specific computer in a box, a server computer, a client computer, a hand-held device, a user equipment (UE) device, a tablet computer, a wearable computer, etc..

Any of the methods described herein for operating a user equipment (UE) in communication with a base station (or transmission-reception point) may be the basis of a corresponding method for operating a base station (or transmission-reception point), by interpreting each message/signal X received by the UE in the downlink as a message/signal X transmitted by the base station (or transmission-reception point), and each message/signal Y transmitted in the uplink by the UE as a message/signal Y received by the base station (or transmission-reception point).

Claim 1:
A method for operating a user equipment, UE, device (<NUM>), the method comprising:
receiving by the UE device (<NUM>),
deployment information from a cell (<NUM>) of a network (<NUM>), wherein the UE device (<NUM>) is carried by a train, wherein the deployment information relates to deployment of the cell (<NUM>) in relation to a track of the train, characterized in that the deployment information indicates an average value of minimum distances between transmission-reception points of the cell and the track of the train.