Patent Description:
Some known climbing systems can automatically protect a climber from falls without the use of the belayer. Line dispensing devices, such as auto-belay devices used for climbing, retract slack when the rope is not under load (e.g., when the climber is climbing) and provides a braking force when the rope is loaded (e.g., when the climber falls) so that the climber on the end of the rope is lowered to the ground. These systems allow climbers to climb alone and eliminates the need for the belayer. Auto belay devices, however, cannot lock-off and allow the climber to rest or hangdog mid route. Publications <CIT>, <CIT>, <CIT>, <CIT>, <CIT> describe prior art descent control devices. <CIT> and <CIT> can be considered each a closest state of the art for the claimed invention.

This disclosure describes examples of automatic descent control systems and descent devices (e.g., auto-belay devices) that are operable to automatically lower a climber at a first descent rate upon loading the descent device and to selectively lower the climber at a different second descent rate upon loading the descent device. The first descent rate is greater than the second descent rate so that with the second descent rate the climber is allowed to hang above a ground surface without being lowered all the way to the ground surface as required or desired. The control systems and descent devices can be implemented in any number of descent control technologies including fan braking systems, friction braking system, hydraulic braking systems, magnetic braking systems, etc. as described herein.

The technology relates to an automatic descent control device including: a housing; a shaft rotatably supported within the housing; a line configured to be attached to a load, wherein the line is coupled to the shaft, and wherein the line retracts within the housing and winds about the shaft when the line is not loaded, and extends from the housing and unwinds about the shaft when the line is loaded; an eddy current braking system coupled to the shaft, wherein the eddy current braking system provides a first braking force to the shaft when the line is loaded, and wherein the eddy current braking system lowers the load at a first descent rate; a second braking system coupled to the shaft, wherein the second braking system provides a second braking force to the shaft when the line is loaded, wherein the second braking system lowers the load at a second descent rate, and wherein the load is a constant, and the first descent rate is greater than the second descent rate; and a controller coupled to the second braking system, wherein the controller selectively engages the second braking system upon receiving an engagement signal.

In an example, the eddy current braking system includes a brake shaft rotatably coupled to the shaft, at least one conductor, and at least one magnet, and wherein the first braking force is generated by rotation of the brake shaft inducing centrifugal forces into the at least one conductor or the at least one magnet such that the at least one conductor or the at least one magnet is moved relative to the other. In another example, the brake shaft is offset from the shaft, and the brake shaft is coupled to the shaft via by one or more gears. In yet another example, the brake shaft is configured to rotate at a different speed than the shaft. In still another example, the rotor is configured to rotate at the same speed of the shaft. In an example, a sensor configured to detect when the line is loaded and send an actuation signal to the controller, and the controller selectively actuates the second braking system upon receiving the actuation signal.

In another example, the sensor includes one or more of an encoder, an accelerometer, a force gauge, a strain gauge, and a laser sensor. In yet another example, an engagement button configured to generate the engagement signal, and the engagement button is remote from the housing. The second braking system is an electromagnetic braking system. In an example, the second braking system includes the disk braking system, and the disk braking system includes a rotor coupled to the shaft and at least one caliper supported on the housing. In another example, the second braking system includes the electromagnetic braking system, and the electromagnetic braking system includes a rotor coupled to the shaft and an electromagnet supported on the housing.

In an example, the automatic descent control device automatically operates in the first braking system unless the second braking system is engaged. In another example, upon engagement of the second configuration via the engagement device, the controller automatically disengages the second configuration after a predetermined time period. In yet another example, the sensor device is remote from the descent device. In still another example, the sensor device monitors a position of the load. In an example, the sensor device monitors a condition of the descent device.

In another example, the engagement device is remote from the descent device. In yet another example, the engagement device is sized and shaped as a rock climbing hold.

In an example, the second descent rate locks the position of the line and prevent the load from lowering. In yet another example, the first braking system includes a series of pulleys that the line extends through. In still another example, the braking force is based on a speed of the line passing through the at least one braking system.

The first braking system is an eddy current braking system and the second braking system is an electromechanical braking system. In an example, the electromechanically braking system includes: a plug shaft configured to couple to the shaft; a clutch bearing coupled to the plug shaft; a brake hub coupled to the clutch bearing, the plug shaft, the clutch bearing, and the brake hub are all co-axial and all rotatably driven by the shaft; a clamp wheel coupled to the housing; and a brake pad coupled to the clamp wheel. In yet another example, the clamp wheel includes an electric coil configured to generate a magnetic field. In still another example, the electromechanically braking system includes: a reluctor wheel; and a sensor, the sensor is configured to measure rotational speed and direction of the shaft via the reluctor wheel. In an example, a remote interface hold is coupled in communication with the descent control device, the interface hold includes a power source configured to provide power to the electromagnetic braking system.

In another aspect, the technology relates to a secondary braking system for an automatic descent control device configured to generate a first braking force relative to a rotatable shaft, the secondary braking system including: a plug shaft configured to couple to the rotatable shaft of the automatic descent control device and rotation driven therefrom; a rotor assembly coupled to the plug shaft; and a stator assembly fixed relative to the rotary assembly, wherein the rotor assembly and stator assembly are configured to generate a second braking force relative to the shaft through the plug shaft.

In an example, the second braking force is friction based. In another example, the rotor assembly includes: a clutch bearing coupled to the plug shaft; and a brake hub coupled to the clutch bearing, the plug shaft, the clutch bearing, and the brake hub are all co-axial and all rotatably driven by the rotatable shaft. In yet another example, the stator assembly includes: a clamp wheel coupled to the housing; and a brake pad coupled to the clamp wheel. In still another example, a controller is configured to selectively engage the second braking force, the controller is configured to measure rotational speed and direction of the rotatable shaft via a reluctor wheel.

These and various other features as well as advantages that characterize the auto belays described herein will be apparent from a reading of the following detailed description and a review of the associated drawings. Additional features are set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the technology. The benefits and features of the technology will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing introduction and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.

The following drawing figures, which form a part of this application, are illustrative of described technology and are not mean to limit the scope of the invention as claimed in any manner, which scope shall be based on the claims appended hereto.

This disclosure describes examples of automatic descent control systems and descent devices that are operable in two different configurations. In a first and normal operational configuration, the system and devices automatically lower a climber at a first descent rate upon loading the descent device. As described herein, loading the descent device includes the climber falling or transferring at least a portion of weight to the descent device. Additionally, the system and devices are selectively operable in a second and lock-off operational configuration, whereby the climber is lowered at a second descent rate upon loading the descent device. The first descent rate is greater than the second descent rate so that in the lock-off operational configuration the climber is allowed to hang above a ground surface without being lowered all the way to the ground surface.

The descent control systems described herein includes a descent device with a braking system that is operable in both the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration. An engagement device is used to selectively engage the lock-off operational configuration of the braking system. This engagement device can be remote from the descent device, for example, a button on a climbing wall or part of a control station that operationally monitors one or more features of the climbing wall. Additionally, a sensor device is provided so that the loading of the descent device can be detected and the braking system engaged so as to generate a braking force for the second descent rate. This sensor device can monitor any number of components of the descent control system, for example movement of the descent device, the braking system itself, or a position of the climber. As such, the engagement device can be actively engaged by the climber or automatically engaged requiring no action by the climber.

The descent devices (e.g., auto belay devices) described herein can either include a single braking system that can change operational configurations or have two separate braking systems, one for each operational configuration. By using two separate braking systems, existing descent devices, such as fan braking systems, friction braking systems, hydraulic braking systems, electromagnetic braking systems, and magnetic braking systems, can be adapted to allow the climber to hang above the ground surface in the lock-off operational configuration.

Throughout this description, references to orientation (e.g., front(ward), rear(ward), top, bottom, back, right, left, upper, lower, etc.) of the descent device relate to its position when installed on a climbing wall and are used for ease of description and illustration only. No restriction is intended by use of the terms regardless of how the descent device is situated on its own.

<FIG> is a schematic view of an exemplary automatic descent control system <NUM>. The system <NUM> includes a climbing wall <NUM> and a descent device <NUM> positioned at the top of the climbing wall <NUM>. In the example, the climbing wall <NUM> is an indoor wall having a height H above a ground surface <NUM> and a plurality of climbing holds (not shown) so that a climber <NUM> can climb up the wall <NUM> and above the ground surface <NUM> as desired. While the examples described herein include an indoor climbing wall <NUM>, it should be appreciated that any of the components of the system <NUM> may be used in outdoor climbing walls, for example, artificial walls, natural walls, mobile walls, etc., challenge courses, for example, an obstacle course, a ropes course, etc., training or work based activities, for example, search and rescue, fire department, construction, etc., safety systems, or any other actively that requires or desires descending from a height above a ground surface.

The descent device <NUM> includes a line <NUM> configured to be attached to the climber <NUM> (e.g., a load). As used herein, the term "line" refers to any cable, rope, string, chain, wire, webbing, strap, or any other length of flexible material. The line <NUM> is enabled to retract within the descent device <NUM> when the line <NUM> is not loaded. For example, when the climber <NUM> is moving up the wall <NUM> so that the slack in the line <NUM> is removed. The line <NUM> is also enabled to extend from the descent device <NUM> when the line <NUM> is loaded. For example, when the climber <NUM> falls from the wall <NUM> and the climber's weight is transferred from the wall <NUM> to the line <NUM>. The descent device <NUM> has a braking system (not shown) that applies a braking force to the line <NUM> when the line is loaded so as to control the extension of the line <NUM> and a descent rate of the climber <NUM>. The descent device <NUM> can have a fan braking system, a friction braking system, a hydraulic braking system, an electromagnetic braking system, a magnetic braking system, or any other braking system as required or desired. Different types of descent devices <NUM> are described further below in <FIG>.

In other examples, the descent device <NUM> may be a device that the line <NUM> passes through and applies a braking force on the line <NUM> so as to control the rate that the line <NUM> passes through, and thus, a descent rate of the climber <NUM>. For example, these devices can be climb assist pulleys that at low speeds (e.g., the climber climbing and the line unloaded) allows the line <NUM> to freely pass through the braking system and at increased speeds (e.g., the climber falling and loading the line) the braking system locks the line <NUM>. These types of devices typically have a friction braking system such as a series of pulleys that engage with the line <NUM>, or use a mechanical advantage with a camming mechanism.

In the example, the descent device <NUM> is selectively operable in at least two configurations to control the descent rate of the climber <NUM>. For example, the descent device <NUM> can have a first or normal operational configuration, in which when the climber <NUM> falls from the wall <NUM>, the line <NUM> extends so as to fully lower the climber <NUM> to the ground surface <NUM>. In this normal operational configuration, the braking system cannot lock-off and hold the climber <NUM>. Rather, the braking forces on the line <NUM> are automatically generated and only when the line <NUM> is not loaded and line extension stops do the braking forces also stop. As such, the descent device <NUM> also has a second or lock-off operational configuration, in which when the climber <NUM> falls from the wall <NUM>, the line <NUM> is restricted from extending so that the climber <NUM> is held in position on the wall <NUM> and above the ground surface <NUM> by the descent device <NUM>. This configuration allows the climber <NUM> to rest and try difficult moves repeatedly above the ground surface <NUM> without being required to descend all the way to the ground as typical of the normal operational configuration.

When the descent device <NUM> is in the normal operational configuration, the climber <NUM> is lowered at a first or normal descent rate. For example, a normal descent rate can be between about <NUM> meters/second and <NUM> meters/second. This type of descent rate typically results in the climber <NUM> being lowered all the way to the ground surface <NUM> after falling from the wall. However, when the descent device <NUM> is in the lock-off operational condition, the climber <NUM> is lowered at a second or lock-off descent rate. For example, a lock-off descent rate can be between about <NUM> meters/second and <NUM> meters/second. In some example, the lock-off descent rate may physically stop the climber <NUM> and prevent descent down the wall <NUM> (e.g., <NUM> meters/seconds). In other examples, the lock-off descent rate may significantly slow down the climber's descent down the wall <NUM> compared to the normal descent rate and allow for the climber <NUM> to rest and climb back on the wall <NUM>. In either example, the normal descent rate is greater than the lock-off descent rate for the same climber load.

The descent device <NUM> can switch between the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration as required or desired. For example, the switch between the different configurations can be actively induced by the climber <NUM> or automatically within the device <NUM> (e.g., passive from the climber <NUM>). As illustrated in <FIG>, an engagement device <NUM> is disposed remote from and coupled in communication with a controller <NUM> of the descent device <NUM>. The controller <NUM> is configured to switch the descent device <NUM> between the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration. In the example, when the engagement device <NUM> is engaged, the descent device <NUM> operates in the lock-off operational configuration. Otherwise the engagement device <NUM> is disengaged so that the descent device <NUM> operates in the normal operational configuration as a default configuration. The engagement device <NUM> may be a button located on the bottom of the wall <NUM> so that the climber can elect to engage the lock-off operational configuration when climbing alone.

Additionally, when the climber <NUM> is locked-off, the lock-off operational configuration is disengageable (e.g., actively or passively) so that the climber <NUM> can be lowered all the way to the ground surface <NUM> and not remained locked-off on the wall. Passive disengagement (e.g., from the climbers <NUM> perspective) can be controlled by the controller <NUM> (e.g., either a mechanical or electronic controller). In one example, the climber <NUM> falling from the wall <NUM> can start a mechanical clock (not shown) that includes springs and gears, which after a predetermined time period would trigger disengagement of the lock-off operational configuration. In another example, the mechanical clock could be an hourglass or a water clock (e.g., movement of fluid, gas, or solid through a constriction) that is configured to a predetermined time period. In yet another example, the timer can be a mechanical device such as a cam lobe, spring, or a gas shock. In still another example, the descent device <NUM> may have an electronic timer (e.g., on the controller <NUM>) that automatically disengages the lock-off operational configuration upon a predetermined time period or condition that is satisfied so that the climber <NUM> can lower all the way to the ground surface <NUM>. For example, if the climber <NUM> hangs from the line <NUM> for more than <NUM> seconds, the descent device <NUM> may automatically switch to the normal operational configuration and lower the climber <NUM> towards the ground surface <NUM>. In another example, upon three sequential lock-off operations by the climber <NUM>, the subsequent lock-off operation will automatically switch the descent device <NUM> to the normal operational configuration and lower the climber <NUM> towards the ground surface <NUM>. As such, with this layout of the system <NUM>, the climber <NUM> may climb without another person (e.g., a belayer) present.

In some examples, the engagement device <NUM> may be sized and shaped as a rock climbing hold for use by the climber <NUM>. In other examples, the engagement device <NUM> can be a switch, an adjustable controller, a computer interface, a touch sensitive area, a biometric sensor, a mobile application, a sound sensor, etc. For example, a position sensor disposed on the wall <NUM> and above the ground surface <NUM> (e.g., around six feet) may be used to detect a position of the climber <NUM> on the wall <NUM> and automatically engage the lock-off operational configuration once the climber <NUM> reaches a predetermined height. In still another example, the engagement device <NUM> can be a scanner that reads information off of a RFID tag, bar code, QR code, or other code based information and relay the information to the descent device <NUM>. For example, the code may engage the lock-off operational configuration and specify the time period for lock-off or specify three sequential lock-off operations by the climber <NUM> so that after the condition is satisfied the descent device <NUM> switches to the normal operational configuration. In yet another example, the engagement device <NUM> may be positioned within the descent device <NUM> and include a sensor that can detect a specific series of patterns from the climber <NUM> pulling on the line <NUM>. For example, when the climber <NUM> pulls down on the line <NUM> three times in quick succession, the engagement device <NUM> may engage the lock-off operational configuration. Additionally or alternatively, the engagement device <NUM> can be other system/method that allows the climber <NUM> to selectively engage the lock-off operational configuration as required or desired. In an example, the engagement device <NUM> may be a remote switch that the climber <NUM> can carry during use.

The automatic descent control system <NUM> may also include one or more secondary engagement devices <NUM> coupled in communication with the controller <NUM>. For example, a button may be disposed at the top of the wall <NUM> so that when the climber <NUM> completes the route, the lock-off operational configuration can actively be disengaged and the climber <NUM> can be lowered all the way to the ground surface <NUM>. In another example, the lock-off operation configuration may be the default configuration and the engagement device <NUM> switches the descent device <NUM> to the normal operational configuration. For example, the engagement device <NUM> is disposed at the top of the wall <NUM> so as to enable the climber <NUM> to engage the normal operational configuration of the descent device <NUM> and lower all the way to the ground surface <NUM>.

The descent device <NUM> has a braking system (not shown) that controls the descent rate of the climber <NUM> in both operational configurations. In some examples, the same braking system may be used in both operational configurations, while in other examples, each operational configuration may have its own independent braking system. Braking systems are described further below in reference to <FIG>. In some examples, to actuate one or more of the braking systems of the descent device <NUM>, a sensor device <NUM> that is coupled in communication to the controller <NUM> is utilized. The sensor device <NUM> detects one or more operational configurations of the line <NUM> being loaded (e.g., the climber <NUM> falling off the wall) so as to actuate the braking system.

In the example, the sensor device <NUM> is disposed within the descent device <NUM> so that a condition of the descent device <NUM> is monitored. The sensor device <NUM> can be a rotatory encoder to measure whether the line <NUM> is extending or retracting from the housing and at what velocity and/or acceleration. In another example, an accelerometer, force sensor, strain gauge, velocity sensor, laser sensor, LIDAR sensor, sonar, camera, etc. can be used as required or desired. In other examples, the sensor device <NUM> can be remote from the descent device <NUM>. For example, one or more sensor devices <NUM> can be placed on the wall <NUM> and/or the ground surface <NUM> and be used to monitor the position and movement of the climber <NUM> so if a fall occurs, the braking system can be actuated. In still another example, the sensor device <NUM> can be a camera pointed at the entire wall system to monitor the position and movement of the climber <NUM> and actuate the braking system as required or desired. The sensor device <NUM> can be placed on/in the line <NUM>, the hold features on the wall <NUM>, along the route of the climber <NUM>, or on the wall <NUM> itself. In yet another example, the sensor device <NUM> may be a button located on the wall <NUM> or remote from the wall <NUM> that a belayer presses to actuate the braking system as required or desired.

The controller <NUM> can be connected to the engagement device(s) <NUM>, <NUM> and/or the sensor device(s) <NUM> in a wired communication network. In other examples, the controller <NUM> is connected to the engagement device(s) <NUM>, <NUM> and/or the sensor device(s) <NUM> in a wireless communication network. Wireless communication can include infrared, BLUETOOTH® wireless technology, <NUM>. 11a/b/g/n, cellular, or other radio frequency communication systems as required or desired. The controller <NUM> operates to receive data from the engagement device(s) <NUM>, <NUM> and the sensor device(s) <NUM> about user inputs or selections for controlling the descent device <NUM> (e.g., engaging a specific configuration and actuating the brake). In some examples, the controller <NUM> can also operate to transmit data regarding the descent device <NUM> as required or desired. In these examples, the controller <NUM> is an electronic controller that electronically engages and actuates the braking system. For example, by electrically actuating a servo, a motor, etc. so as to engage the lock-off operational configuration and actuate the braking system to generate a braking force.

In other examples, the controller <NUM> can be a mechanical controller that mechanically engages and actuates the braking system. For example, by mechanically actuating a power screw, lead screw, worm gear, rack and pinion, ratchet, pawls, spring clutch, flyball governor, inertial governor, counterweight, resistance, spring(s), clock spring, diaphragm, Belleville washer, torsion bar, leaf spring, coil spring, gas shock, etc. so as to engage the lock-off operational configuration and actuate the braking system to generate a braking force.

<FIG> is a schematic view of another automatic descent control system <NUM>. Similar to the example described above, the system <NUM> includes a climbing wall <NUM> and a descent device <NUM> having a line <NUM> attached to a climber <NUM>. In this example, however, the descent device <NUM> is coupled in communication <NUM> (e.g., wired or wireless) to a control station <NUM>. The control station <NUM> is remote from the wall <NUM> and, in some examples, can be a computing device used to implement aspects of the systems and methods described herein. The control station <NUM> enables a user (e.g., the belayer) to transmit control signals to the descent device <NUM>. For example, the user can engage or disengage the lock-off operational configuration (described above) as required or desired. The control station <NUM> can be coupled in communication to a plurality of descent devices <NUM> (e.g., on a synthetic climbing wall) so that a single user can controller multiple descent devices <NUM> for multiple climbers <NUM>. In other examples, the control station <NUM> can be coupled to remotely located sensor devices <NUM> (shown in <FIG>) that monitor the climber <NUM>. As such, the control station <NUM> can also transmit actuation signals to the braking system. For example, a multi-camera projection system can monitor the climbing wall <NUM> and be used to detect the position of the climbers <NUM> for actuation of the braking system.

When the control station <NUM> is a computing device, the computing devices includes processing device(s) and system memory. Examples of computing devices includes a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a mobile device including a smart phone, or any other devices configured to process digital instructions. The computing device can include input devices, such as a keyboard, a pointer, microphone, a touch sensitive display, etc., to enable a user to provide inputs to the computing device.

<FIG> is a schematic view of another automatic descent control system <NUM>. In this example, a descent device <NUM> includes a first line <NUM> and a second line <NUM> in parallel. Both lines <NUM>, <NUM> are attached to the climber <NUM> and used for when the climber <NUM> climbs the wall <NUM>. The first line <NUM> operates only in the normal operational configuration, while the second line <NUM> operates only in the lock-off operational configuration. This allows for two separate braking systems to be used (e.g., one for each line <NUM>, <NUM>) and for the lock-off operational configuration to be engaged/disengaged as required or desired. By separating the braking systems, a redundant system is formed.

<FIG> is a schematic view of another automatic descent control system <NUM>. In this example, a first descent device <NUM> has a first line <NUM> that is coupled to a second descent device <NUM>. The second descent device <NUM> has a second line <NUM> that is coupled to the climber <NUM>. The two descent devices <NUM>, <NUM> are coupled in series and have different braking characteristics (e.g., different descent rates) so that staged braking is provided when the climber <NUM> falls from the wall <NUM> and a lock-off operational configuration is enabled. In another example, the first descent device <NUM> can be replaced by an actuator (e.g., electric motor, solenoid, screw jack, etc.) that extends and retracts the line <NUM>, and thus the second descent device <NUM>, to the ground surface. This configuration enables the second descent device <NUM> to have the lock-off operational configuration in any loading scenario. For the climber <NUM> to return to the ground surface, the actuator is used to lower the climber to the ground.

<FIG> is a schematic view of the sensor device <NUM> for use with the automatic descent control system <NUM> (shown in <FIG>). With reference to <FIG> and <FIG>, the sensor device 118a can be disposed within the descent device <NUM> and is configured to detect one or more operational configurations of the line <NUM> being loaded (e.g., the climber falling off the wall) so as to actuate the braking system. In one example, the sensor device 118a can monitor the movement of the line <NUM>. The movement can be a position and/or direction of the movement so that velocity and acceleration can be determined. For example, with a laser sensor, an accelerometer, force gauge, strain gauge, velocity sensor, LIDAR sensor, sonar, optical sensor, etc. In another example, the line may include features (e.g., metal strands, flags, RFID chips, etc.) to assist with the sensor monitoring.

In other examples, the sensor device 118b may be positioned on a rotor <NUM> and configured to detect one or more operational configuration of the rotor <NUM> being loaded so as to actuate the braking system. In one example, the sensor device 118b can monitor rotational movement of one or more components of the descent device <NUM>. The movement can be a position and/or direction of the movement so that velocity and acceleration can be determined, for example, with a rotary encoder. The rotor <NUM> can be a roller that the line <NUM> passes over as illustrated. In other examples, the rotor <NUM> can be the drum that the line <NUM> winds about. Additionally or alternatively, the sensor device <NUM> can monitor components of the braking system.

The sensor device <NUM> can also be disposed remote from the descent device <NUM>. For example, one or more sensor devices <NUM> can be placed on the wall <NUM> (e.g., as holds on the climbing route) and/or the ground surface <NUM> and be used to monitor the position and movement of the climber <NUM>. In still another example, the sensor device <NUM> can be a camera pointed at the entire wall system to monitor the position and movement of the climber <NUM> (e.g., via the control station <NUM> (shown in <FIG>)). In yet another example, the sensor device <NUM> may be a button located on the wall <NUM> or remote from the wall <NUM> that a belayer presses to actuate the braking system as required or desired. In the examples described, the normal operational configuration typically automatically generates a braking force, but the lock-off operational configuration needs to be able to selectively engage and disengage, and thus, requires the sensor device <NUM> to trigger a braking force to be generated. It should be appreciated that this sequence of operation can also be reversed or that both operational configurations use the sensor device <NUM> to trigger a braking force to be generated.

<FIG> is a schematic view of an exemplary automatic descent control device <NUM> for use with the automatic descent control systems described above. The descent device <NUM> includes a line system <NUM> that retracts slack from a line <NUM> when the line is not loaded and that extends the line <NUM> when the line is loaded (e.g., upon a fall from a climber). The line system <NUM> includes a rotatable shaft <NUM> and a drum <NUM> that the line <NUM> wraps around. The descent device <NUM> also includes a first braking system <NUM> that provides a braking force when the line <NUM> is loaded so as to control extension of the line <NUM> and defines a first descent rate of a load (e.g., the climber). In this example, the first braking system <NUM> is an automatic fan braking system and includes a plurality of fan blades <NUM>. When the fan blades <NUM> rotate through a working fluid (e.g., air), a braking force is generated to slow the rotation of the shaft <NUM>, and thus, the extension of the line <NUM>.

Additionally, a second braking system <NUM> is coupled to one or more components of the first braking system <NUM> (e.g., the shaft <NUM>) and also provides a braking force to the shaft <NUM> so as to control extension of the line <NUM> and define a second descent rate of the load. In the example, the second braking system <NUM> is a disk braking system <NUM> with a rotor <NUM> coupled to the shaft <NUM> and at least one caliper <NUM> configured to engage with the rotor <NUM> to generate the braking force. In operation, the first braking system <NUM> enables the descent device <NUM> to operate in the normal operational configuration. Because the fan blades <NUM> are coupled to the shaft <NUM>, the first braking system <NUM> is always operational when the shaft <NUM> rotates. However, to lower the load at a second descent rate and lock-off the climber, the second braking system <NUM> is selectively operable so that the descent device <NUM> can operate in the lock-off operational configuration. Thus, the descent device <NUM> has at least two different configurations for two different descent rates of the same constant load (e.g., the climber).

As described above, when the second braking system <NUM> is enabled, the disk braking system <NUM> can lock the position of the shaft <NUM>, and thus the line <NUM>, so as to prevent the climber from lowering to the ground. Additionally, the disk braking system <NUM> can slowly lower the line <NUM> as required or desired. When the disk braking system <NUM> is disengaged (e.g., upon a predetermined time period described above), the descent device <NUM> automatically switches to the first braking system <NUM> so that the normal operational configuration is engaged. Furthermore, by using two separate braking systems, redundant braking systems are provided and the number of possible fail points of the descent device <NUM> are reduced.

In other examples, the second braking system <NUM> could be any other rotational brake device as required or desired. For example, a band brake wrapped around any rotating component (e.g., the shaft <NUM>) can be used. A drum brake engaged with the drum <NUM> or the shaft <NUM> could be used. A pin lock can also be used, with a rotating element coupled to the shaft <NUM> having pre-loaded pins that selectively engage (e.g., by a timing device) with a static element to prevent rotation of the system. The braking system <NUM> could interact with the fan blades <NUM> to prevent rotation of the shaft <NUM>. For example, by a band brake or by a disk brake with the tips of the blades being coupled together with a rotor element. In another example, the second braking system <NUM> may be an electromagnetic brake. The second braking system <NUM> could also be another fan type braking system. The controller <NUM> (shown in <FIG>) of the descent device <NUM> is used to engage and disengage the second braking system <NUM> as described above.

In another example, the second braking system <NUM> can be integrated with the first braking system <NUM>, while still enabling the descent device <NUM> to switch between the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration. For example, the fan blades <NUM> can be mounted on actuators (not shown) so that a fan feather angle relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft <NUM> can be selectively adjusted. In this example, the fan feather angle can be modified, for example, the blade oriented in a direction towards being substantially parallel to the axis of rotation, for a slow descent rate and the lock-off operational configuration. When the fan feather angle is adjusted with the blade oriented in a direction towards being substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation and for a faster descent rate and the normal operational configuration.

In other examples, the size (e.g., the surface area) of the fan blades <NUM> may be adjustable so as to control the quantity of air acting as a working fluid for the braking system. In this example, larger surface areas of the blades would increase the braking force and decrease the descent rate of the descent device <NUM>, while smaller surface areas of the blades decrease the braking force and increase the descent rate of the descent device <NUM>. In yet other examples, the fan blades <NUM> can be coupled to a lead screw so that the blades <NUM> can selectively linearly move. As such, when the lead screw is engaged the fan blades <NUM> could travel into a friction brake, an area with one or more locking pawls, an area with a high gear ratio, etc..

In yet another example, the second braking system <NUM> could be integrated with the drum <NUM>. During the extension of the line <NUM>, the line <NUM> induces a tension force on the drum <NUM>. The tension force applied on the drum <NUM> can be used to generate a braking force on the shaft <NUM> via one or more braking elements. In other examples, the second braking system <NUM> can be a friction brake device or a magnetic/electromagnetic brake device coupled to the shaft <NUM>.

In still other examples, the fan blades <NUM> may be enclosed within a housing (not shown) so that the material properties of the working fluid can be adjustable so as to change the braking force generated. For example, when the working fluid is air, the density or pressure of the air can be adjustable. In other examples, working fluids such as water, oil, gas, etc. can be used as required or desired. In another example, the working fluid could include magnetic particles so that when a magnetic field is induced, the rotation of the fan blades <NUM> can be locked. In yet another example, a non-Newtonian fluid can be used.

<FIG> is a schematic view of another automatic descent control device <NUM> for use with the automatic descent control systems described above. The descent device <NUM> is illustrated in a normal operational configuration <NUM> and a lock-off operational configuration <NUM>. In this example, a braking system <NUM> is a frictional braking system and includes a brake drum <NUM> and at least one brake pad <NUM> that frictionally engage so as to generate a braking force. In the example, the brake pad <NUM> is coupled to a rotatable shaft <NUM> that rotates upon extension/retraction of a line (not shown). When the descent device <NUM> is in the normal operational configuration <NUM>, the rotation of the brake pad <NUM> in relation to the drum <NUM> generates fiction as the braking force acting on the shaft <NUM> so as to lower the climber at a first descent rate.

In this example, the braking system <NUM> also includes an actuator system <NUM> that selectively prevents the brake pad <NUM> from rotating within the drum <NUM> (e.g., via a locking engagement with the drum <NUM>) so that the descent device <NUM> is in the lock-off operational configuration <NUM> and holds the climber at a second descent rate. The actuator system <NUM> includes a cam <NUM> and a pin <NUM>. The cam <NUM> can selectively rotate R so as to translate T the pin <NUM> by different radial cam surfaces and lock the position of the brake pad <NUM> against the drum <NUM>. The cam <NUM> can be rotated by an electronic motor, by centrifugal force, or any other method as required or desired. In other examples, the pin <NUM> may be translated T by a solenoid or the like. The controller <NUM> (shown in <FIG>) of the descent device <NUM> is used to engage and disengage the actuator system <NUM> as described above.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the actuator system <NUM> is integrated within the braking system <NUM> of the descent device <NUM>. In other examples, the braking system <NUM> may include two discrete braking systems. For example, a primary friction braking system is used for the normal operational configuration <NUM> and a secondary friction braking system for use in the lock-off operational configuration <NUM>. In some examples, the secondary braking system can be a drum brake, a band brake, a damper, a disk brake, electromagnetic, etc. as required or desired. The primary braking system and the secondary braking system can be positioned in series or in parallel.

<FIG> is a schematic view of another automatic descent control device <NUM> for use with the automatic descent control systems described above. Similar to the example described above in <FIG>, the descent device <NUM> includes a frictional braking system <NUM> with a brake drum <NUM> and at least one brake pad <NUM>. In this example, however, the brake pad <NUM> is supported at a pivot point <NUM> and opposite of the pivot point <NUM> is an actuator system <NUM>. The actuator system <NUM> selectively pivots P the brake pad <NUM> relative to the drum <NUM> and to switch between the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration as described herein. The actuator system <NUM> can be a solenoid, a cam, a spring, etc..

<FIG> is a schematic view of another automatic descent control device <NUM> for use with the automatic descent control systems described above. The descent device <NUM> includes a line system <NUM> that supports a load <NUM> (e.g., a climber). The line system <NUM> includes a line <NUM> that extends through a plurality of pulleys <NUM> and attaches to a first braking system <NUM>. In this example, the first braking system <NUM> is a hydraulic braking system and includes a hydraulic cylinder <NUM>. The movement of the cylinder <NUM> via hydraulic fluid lowers the load <NUM> at a first descent rate in a normal operational configuration. In one example, hydraulic fluid enters into the cylinder <NUM> as the climber climbs the wall and is expelled from the cylinder <NUM> upon descent of the climber so as to generate a braking force on the line <NUM> and lower the load <NUM> at a first descent rate.

In this example, the descent device <NUM> also includes a second braking system <NUM>. The second braking system <NUM> is coupled to one or more components of the first braking system <NUM> (e.g., the line <NUM>) and also provides a braking force so as to control extension of the line <NUM> and define a second descent rate of the load <NUM>. In the example, the second braking system <NUM> is a linear actuator <NUM> that is coupled to the line <NUM> and configured to selectively take up slack in the line <NUM> so as to lower the load <NUM> at a second descent rate in a lock-off operational configuration. For example, the free end of the actuator <NUM> can include one or more rollers <NUM> that can engage with the line <NUM> and can linearly translate T. By selectively adjusting the length of the line <NUM> through the pulleys <NUM>, a braking force is generated on the line <NUM> and lowers the load <NUM> at a second descent rate. The linear actuator <NUM> can be oriented substantially orthogonal to the cylinder <NUM>. In some examples, the actuator <NUM> can be a hydraulic cylinder so that the first and the second braking systems <NUM>, <NUM> can share a hydraulic fluid manifold. In other examples, the second braking system <NUM> can include an electric motor that actuates a solenoid to generate the translational movement T. The controller <NUM> (shown in <FIG>) of the descent device <NUM> is used to engage and disengage the second braking system <NUM> as described above.

<FIG> is a schematic view of another example of a second braking system <NUM> that can be used with the descent device <NUM> (shown in <FIG>). In this example, the second braking system <NUM> can move relative to the line <NUM> so as to increase the friction in the line system and generate a braking force. For example, by adjusting the fleet angle of the line <NUM> through one or more friction elements <NUM>. As such, the second braking system <NUM> can lower the load on the line <NUM> at a second descent rate in a lock-off operational configuration. In another example, the second braking system <NUM> can be a device that uses a mechanical camming mechanism (not shown) that applies mechanical friction to the line <NUM> to regulate the applied braking force. The controller <NUM> (shown in <FIG>) of the descent device <NUM> is used to engage and disengage the second braking system <NUM> as described above.

With continued reference to <FIG> and <FIG>, in other examples, the second braking system <NUM>, <NUM> could be a cable catch (not shown) that selectively engages with the line <NUM> in a lock-off operational configuration. The cable catch can be fixed relative to the line <NUM> and prevents rapid extraction of the line <NUM> through the system when the line is loaded (e.g., upon a fall of the climber). In another example, the second braking system <NUM>, <NUM> could be a linear magnetic eddy current brake that applies a braking force on the line <NUM>. The line <NUM> can include either the conductor or the magnetic element as required or desired. The braking force applied by the eddy current brake can be scaled so as to define the second descent rate. In still other examples, the second braking system <NUM>, <NUM> can be coupled to one or more of the pulleys <NUM> so that the braking force can be applied through a rotational resistance on the pulley <NUM>. In this example, the second braking system <NUM>, <NUM> can be magnetic based, electromagnetic based, friction based, fan based, etc. as required or desired. The second braking system <NUM>, <NUM> can also couple to the rotational shafts of the pulleys <NUM>.

The second braking system <NUM>, <NUM> described in <FIG> and <FIG>, acts on the line <NUM> of the descent device <NUM>. It should be appreciated that a braking system acting on a line of any of the descent devices (e.g., a fan braking system, a friction braking system, a hydraulic braking system, an electromagnetic braking system, and a magnetic braking system) can be used as required or desired. In other examples, the second braking system <NUM>, <NUM> could be used with a first braking system that includes a counterweight, or a motor.

Additionally or alternatively, the second braking system <NUM>, <NUM> can be coupled to the hydraulic cylinder <NUM> so as to control the second descent rate in a lock-off operational configuration. In some examples, a secondary operator (not shown) could control (e.g., open/close) a hydraulic fluid valve so as to control the flow of hydraulic fluid though the cylinder <NUM>. This operator can be coupled to a pressure sensor that monitors the pressure of the fluid within the hydraulic cylinder <NUM> to determine the position of the valve and the force of the hydraulic damper. The sensors and valve operator can be operably coupled to the control station <NUM> (shown in <FIG>) as required or desired. In another example, the second braking system <NUM>, <NUM> can be a magnetic based braking system coupled to the cylinder <NUM> (e.g., a linear eddy current brake system) to slow the extension of the rod within the cylinder and generate the braking force.

<FIG> is a schematic view of another automatic descent control device <NUM> for use with the automatic descent control systems described above. Similar to the device described in <FIG>, in this example, the descent device <NUM> includes a first braking system <NUM> that is a hydraulic braking system with a first hydraulic cylinder <NUM>. The movement of the cylinder <NUM> via hydraulic fluid lowers the climber via a line <NUM> at a first descent rate in a normal operational configuration. Additionally, the descent device <NUM> includes a second braking system <NUM> that is a hydraulic braking system with a second hydraulic cylinder <NUM> in series with the first braking system <NUM>. The movement of the cylinder <NUM> via hydraulic fluid lowers the climber via the line <NUM> at a second descent rate in a lock-off operational configuration. In this example, the climber is attached to both braking systems <NUM>, <NUM> simultaneously.

Each hydraulic cylinder <NUM>, <NUM> can have different braking properties so as to define the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration. In some examples, each hydraulic cylinder <NUM>, <NUM> selectively operates, while in other examples, both may operate together. The braking properties can further be adjusted by varying the length of the line <NUM> as described above. The second hydraulic cylinder <NUM> can also be activated in case the first hydraulic cylinder <NUM> becomes exhausted. In other examples, the first braking system <NUM> and the second braking system <NUM> may be positioned in parallel, each having a line <NUM> coupled to the climber and having different braking properties.

<FIG> is a perspective view of another automatic descent control device <NUM> for use with the automatic descent control systems described above. <FIG> is a cross-sectional view of the descent device <NUM>. Referring concurrently to <FIG> and <FIG>, the descent device <NUM> includes a line system <NUM> disposed at least partially within a housing <NUM>. The line system <NUM> includes a drum <NUM> mounted on a first rotatable shaft <NUM> that is rotatably supported by the housing <NUM> by one or more bearings <NUM>. The line system <NUM> also includes a line (not shown) that is configured to be attached to a climber. The line is wound at least partially around the drum <NUM> and extends through an opening <NUM> at the bottom of the housing <NUM>. The line retracts within the housing <NUM> and winds about the drum <NUM> when the line is not loaded and extends from the housing <NUM> and unwinds about the drum <NUM> when the line is loaded. As the line winds and unwinds the drum <NUM>, the drum <NUM> rotates the first shaft <NUM> about a first axis <NUM>.

The descent device <NUM> includes a first braking system <NUM> that couples to the first shaft <NUM>. In this example, the first braking system <NUM> is an eddy current braking system and includes a disk <NUM> mounted on a second rotatable shaft <NUM> that is rotatably supported in the housing <NUM> by one or more bearings <NUM>. The disk <NUM> includes one or more conductors <NUM>, while one or more magnets <NUM> are mounted to the housing <NUM>. Upon rotation of the disk <NUM> about a second axis <NUM>, centrifugal forces are used to selectively pass the conductors <NUM> through the magnetic field generated by the magnets <NUM>. The magnetic field resists this motion, thereby generating a braking force on the line and lowering the climber at a first descent rate. The first braking system <NUM> is used in a normal operational configuration of the descent device <NUM>. One example of this type of eddy current braking system is described in <CIT>.

In the example, the first shaft <NUM> is parallel to but offset from the second shaft <NUM> and the shafts <NUM>, <NUM> are coupled together by one or more gears <NUM>. The gears <NUM> enable the first shaft <NUM> to rotate at a different speed than the second shaft <NUM>. In other examples, the first shaft <NUM> may rotate at the same speed of the second shaft <NUM>. In still other examples, the second shaft <NUM> may be axially aligned or integrated with the first shaft <NUM> so that the shafts <NUM>, <NUM> can rotate at the same speed.

The descent device <NUM> also includes an independent second braking system <NUM> that couples to the first shaft <NUM>. In this example, the second braking system is a disk braking system and includes a rotor <NUM> coupled to the first shaft <NUM> and at least one caliper <NUM> supported on the housing <NUM>. The second braking system <NUM> also provides a braking force on the line and lowers the climber at a second descent rate. The second braking system <NUM> is used in a lock-off operational configuration of the descent device <NUM>. A controller <NUM> is coupled to the second braking system <NUM> and selectively engages the second braking system <NUM> when it is engaged and selectively actuates the calipers <NUM> when generating the braking force. For example, and as described in detail in <FIG>, the controller <NUM> can receive an engagement signal so as to engage the second braking system <NUM> for operation, and then once a sensor <NUM> detects that the climber has fallen off of the wall, the second braking system <NUM> is actuated by the controller <NUM>.

The engagement signal can be generated by a remote engagement button (not shown). Additionally, the sensor <NUM> is coupled in communication with the controller <NUM>. The sensor <NUM> can be a rotary encoder (as illustrated) to detect when the line is loaded and send an actuation signal to the controller <NUM> for the second braking system <NUM>. In other examples, the sensor <NUM> can be an accelerometer, a force gauge, as strain gauge, or a laser sensor as required or desired. In the example, the controller <NUM> is an electronic controller with a circuit board having components that enable operation of the second braking system <NUM> as described herein. A power source (not shown) is also included in the descent device <NUM>. In other examples, the controller <NUM> can be a mechanical controller as required or desired.

In other examples, the second braking system <NUM> can be mounted on the second shaft <NUM>. In still another example, the magnets <NUM> of the first braking system <NUM> can be coupled to a power source and form an electromagnet. The power flow to the electromagnet can then be modulated (e.g., by the controller <NUM>) to generate a braking force. In this example, a second braking system <NUM> is not required, as the power flow can be used to operate the first braking system <NUM> in both the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration. An increase in power would increase the braking force generated by the eddy current braking system. In yet another example, the second braking system <NUM> may be a band brake. Examples of an electromagnetic brake and a band brake are described below in reference to <FIG> and <FIG>.

<FIG> is a partial cross-sectional view of the descent device <NUM> with a different second braking system <NUM>. As described above, the descent device <NUM> includes the line system <NUM> disposed at least partially within the housing <NUM>. The line system <NUM> includes the drum <NUM> mounted on the first rotatable shaft <NUM> that is rotatably supported by one or more bearings <NUM>. The descent device <NUM> can include the first braking system (not shown) that is an eddy current braking system to generate a braking force during operation. In this example, however, the independent second braking system <NUM> is a band brake system and includes a drum <NUM> coupled to the first shaft <NUM> via a clutch/ball bearing <NUM>. A band brake pad <NUM> is positioned radially outside of the drum <NUM> and is coupled to an actuator (not shown). The actuator can move the band brake pad <NUM> so as to apply a frictional brake to the drum <NUM> and generate a braking force.

<FIG> is a perspective view of the descent device shown <NUM> with another different second braking system <NUM>. As described above, the descent device <NUM> includes the housing <NUM> which encloses a line system (not shown) and has a first braking system (not shown) that is an eddy current braking system to generate a braking force during operation. In this example, however, the independent second braking system <NUM> is an electromagnetic brake system and includes a rotating brake pad <NUM> coupled to the first shaft via a hub <NUM>. The brake pad <NUM> is positioned adjacent to an electromagnetic base <NUM> that is coupled to the exterior of the housing <NUM>. In operation, electrical power can be applied to the base <NUM> such that a magnetic field is created and the magnetic attraction pulls the brake pad <NUM> in contact with the base <NUM>. The friction and the strength of the magnetic fields generates the braking force.

<FIG> is a perspective view of another automatic descent control device <NUM> for use with the automatic descent control systems described above. As described above, the descent device <NUM> includes a line system (not shown) disposed at least partially within a housing <NUM>. Within the housing <NUM>, a rotatable shaft <NUM> (shown in <FIG>) is supported and a first braking system (not shown) is coupled thereto. The first braking system is used in a normal operational configuration of the descent device <NUM>, and in the example, is an eddy current braking system. One example of this type of eddy current braking system is described in <CIT> Furthermore, certain components disposed within the housing <NUM> that enable operation of the first braking system of the descent device <NUM> are described in detail in <CIT>, and that is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

The descent device <NUM> also includes an independent second braking system <NUM> that couples to the housing <NUM> and the rotatable shaft <NUM>. The second braking system <NUM> can be removed from the housing <NUM> and the shaft <NUM> as required or desired. As described above, the second braking system <NUM> also provides a braking force on the line and is configured to lower the climber at a second descent rate. The second braking system <NUM> is used in a lock-off operational configuration of the descent device <NUM> as described herein. As illustrated in <FIG>, a housing of the second braking system <NUM> is not illustrated so that some of the components therein are shown. The housing (not shown) is used to enclose the second braking system <NUM> in a single system that can be coupled to the descent device housing <NUM> as required or desired.

In the example, the second braking system <NUM> is an electromagnetic brake system that uses an electromagnetic force to apply mechanical friction resistance to the shaft <NUM>. The braking system <NUM> includes a controller <NUM> that is configured to selectively engage the second braking system <NUM> so as to generate the braking force. To generate the mechanical friction resistance, the braking system <NUM> includes a brake hub <NUM>, a brake pad <NUM>, and a clamp wheel <NUM>. The clamp wheel <NUM> can be coupled to the housing <NUM> via one or more fasteners <NUM> (e.g., bolts). The components of the second braking system <NUM> are described in further detail below and in reference to <FIG>.

<FIG> is a cross-sectional view of the second braking system <NUM>. <FIG> is an exploded perspective view of the second braking system <NUM>. Referring concurrently to <FIG> and <FIG>, the second braking system <NUM> is configured to couple to the descent device <NUM> (shown in <FIG>). In the example, the descent device includes the rotatable shaft <NUM> that has one end accessible through the housing <NUM> (shown in <FIG>). The braking system <NUM> includes a lockoff plug shaft <NUM> that is configured to couple to the rotatable shaft <NUM> so that rotation of the rotatable shaft <NUM> about a rotation axis <NUM> drives corresponding rotation of the plug shaft <NUM> around the rotation axis <NUM>. In the example, the plug shaft <NUM> and the rotatable shaft <NUM> are coaxial along the axis <NUM>. In an aspect, the plug shaft <NUM> and the rotatable shaft <NUM> are coupled together via a spline coupling so that direct rotation of the shaft <NUM> drives direct corresponding rotation of the plug shaft <NUM>. Additionally or alternatively, a fastener <NUM> can be used to further secure the rotatable shaft <NUM> and the plug shaft <NUM> together.

A rotor assembly of the second braking system <NUM> is coupled to the plug shaft <NUM> and includes a collet <NUM> that supports a clutch bearing <NUM>. A collar <NUM> is used to secure the clutch bearing <NUM> on the collet <NUM>. The brake hub <NUM> is coupled to the clutch bearing <NUM> so that the brake hub <NUM> is rotatable around the rotation axis <NUM> and driven by the rotatable shaft <NUM>. A reluctor wheel <NUM> is coupled to the collar <NUM> so that the reluctor wheel <NUM> is also rotatable around the rotation axis <NUM> and driven by the rotatable shaft <NUM>. A stator assembly of the second braking system <NUM> is coupled to the housing <NUM> (shown in <FIG>) via the fasteners <NUM> and includes the clamp wheel <NUM>. Supported on the clamp wheel <NUM> is the brake pad <NUM>. The brake pad <NUM> is disposed adjacent to the brake hub <NUM> with a gap <NUM> therebetween.

The second braking system <NUM> also includes the controller <NUM>. In an aspect, the controller <NUM> is coupled to the housing (not shown) of the braking system <NUM> that encloses the rotor and stator assemblies. In this example, the controller <NUM> includes a printed circuit board (PCB) <NUM> that is configured to enable operation of the second braking system <NUM> as described herein. The controller <NUM> is coupled in electric communication with the clamp wheel <NUM> so that voltage can be applied and a magnetic field can be generated. The PCB <NUM> includes one or more sensors <NUM> that are configured to read the rotational speed and/or direction of the reluctor wheel <NUM>. In an aspect, the reluctor wheel <NUM> is ferromagnetic and the sensor <NUM> is a magnetic sensor (either active or passive). The PCB <NUM> can also include any other electrical based component as required or desired. For example, the PCB <NUM> can have memory and a processor so as to process algorithms and/or control loops that enable function of the descent device <NUM> and the braking system <NUM> as described herein. The PCB <NUM> can have one or more communication components for wired or wireless communication. For example, selective engagement of the braking system <NUM> via the engagement device (e.g., a button) or a control station. In other examples, the communication components can send operational data from the descent device <NUM> and the braking system <NUM> as required or desired. For example, a number and/or or time of user's climbs, etc..

In aspects, the controller <NUM> and the associated components can enable the descent device <NUM> to record line inspections. For example, a line inspection would have a unique rotation to the drum when compared to normal operation, thereby enabling the identification of how many line inspections occur (e.g., a total number or a number over a period of time). In another aspect, the descent device <NUM> can record the number of descents by users. For example, this use based data can be used during device recertification procedures. In other examples, frequency of usage can be determined so that owners can more efficiently set up climbing walls and number of descent devices. In still other examples, the descent device <NUM> can send real time usage information to other devices. This enables for owners to optimize descent devices based on actual climber usage and/or allow climbers to participle in virtual games or climbing competitions. In yet another aspect, the descent device <NUM> can detect the weight of climbers because different weights will have unique descent profiles. In examples, this used based data can be used to help determine harnesses sizes to use and purchase. In still other aspects, the descent device <NUM> can determine overload conditions. For example, climber weights that are greater than or equal to a maximum load rating on the device, or slack jumps whereby a climber pulls out slack on the line and jumps onto the device catching the jump. It should be appreciated that other functions are also contemplated herein.

In operation, the descent device <NUM> includes a first braking system (not shown) that is an eddy current brake system, although, any other braking system described herein may be utilized, for use in a normal operational configuration. In this configuration, the components of the first braking system are coupled to and disposed around the rotatable shaft <NUM> such that the rotatable shaft <NUM> rotates as the user climbs and descends. Additionally, the second braking system <NUM> is disengaged so that no additional braking forces are generated on the shaft <NUM>. However, because the reluctor wheel <NUM> is coupled to the rotatable shaft <NUM> and rotates therewith, the controller <NUM> can collect and/or transmit data during the normal operational configuration as required or desired.

The second braking system <NUM>, when engaged, also provides a braking force on the rotatable shaft <NUM> and is utilized to lower the climber at a second and different descent rate (e.g., slower or stopped) while in a lock-off operational configuration. In the lock-off operational configuration, the controller <NUM>, via the sensor <NUM> and the reluctor wheel <NUM> detects rotation direction and speed of the rotatable shaft <NUM>. Based on the detection of the movement of the shaft <NUM>, the controller <NUM> selectively channels an electric current or voltage to the clamp wheel <NUM>. The clamp wheel <NUM> includes an electric coil such that when power is applied, a magnetic field is generated. The magnetic field attracts the brake hub <NUM> that is ferromagnetic, so as to close the gap <NUM> between the brake pad <NUM> and the brake hub <NUM>, and thereby, inducing a frictional braking force on the rotatable shaft <NUM>. The amount of power supplied to the clamp wheel <NUM> can control the amount of frictional braking force applied to the system. The brake pad <NUM> can be replaceable so as to extend the life-span of the second braking system <NUM>. To release the brake hub <NUM> and the frictional braking force, power can be removed from the clamp wheel <NUM> and the magnetic field removed. The clutch bearing <NUM> is used to provide some slip and damping to the coupling between the brake hub <NUM> and the rotatable shaft <NUM> so as to increase the life-span of the components and reduce wear.

<FIG> is a partial exploded perspective view of the second braking system <NUM>. Certain components are described above, and thus, are not necessarily described further. The collet <NUM> is coupled to the plug shaft <NUM> by a first key <NUM> so that rotational movement can be transferred between the two. The clutch bearing <NUM> is also coupled to the collet <NUM> by the first key <NUM> so that rotational movement can be transferred between the two. A second key <NUM> is used to couple the brake hub <NUM> (shown in <FIG> and <FIG>) to the clutch bearing <NUM> so that rotational movement can be transferred between the two. The first and second keys <NUM>, <NUM> are different sizes so that assembly of the rotor assembly is more efficient (e.g., during maintenance). The collar <NUM> is secured by a fastener <NUM> (e.g., bolt) so as to hold the other components on the plug shaft <NUM> and so that the rotor assembly can be rotatably driven by the shaft <NUM>.

The electromagnetic brake in <FIG> is a system that can easily be coupled to a shaft of a descent device so as to provide lock-off operations as described herein. By self-containing all of the components needed for the lock-off operations, modifications of the original descent control device are reduced or eliminated entirely. For example, the second braking system <NUM> can easily be attached and removed as required or desired. Additionally, the electronic controller <NUM> provides an electronic monitoring system for operation of the descent device and the second braking system. This enables for operations of the descent device to be more easily monitored and user based data to be collected. For example, the number of user's climbs and falls can be counted, an operational service time can be measured, climbing speeds can be measured, etc. so that performance of the descent device is increased.

<FIG> is a front view of an exemplary interface hold <NUM>. <FIG> is a perspective cross-sectional view of the interface hold <NUM> taken along line <NUM>-<NUM>. Referring concurrently to <FIG> and <FIG>, the interface hold <NUM> is one example of an engagement device described herein that enables the descent device to be remotely switched between the normal operational configuration and the lock-off operational configuration. In the example, the interface hold <NUM> is configured to couple in communication with the descent devices described herein. The interface hold <NUM> includes one or more buttons <NUM> that when actuated (e.g., pressed) remotely engages the lock-off operational configuration of the descent device. In some examples, the interface hold <NUM> can wirelessly couple to the descent device (e.g., via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth) so as to engage the lock-off operational configuration. In the illustrated example, the interface hold <NUM> can be wired to the descent device so that the interface hold <NUM> can also be used as a power source for the descent device and the braking system(s) disposed therein. For example, an electrical wire (not shown) may extend between the descent device and the interface hold <NUM> and along a backside of a climbing wall so that it is not accessible to the climbers.

The interface hold <NUM> also includes a mount plate <NUM> and a housing cover <NUM> that removably couples thereto, and which define an interior chamber <NUM> therein. The interface hold <NUM> is configured to mount on a climbing wall, for example, by one or more holes <NUM> that are shaped and sized to receive a bolt (not shown) which secures to the climbing wall. In an aspect, the interface hold <NUM> may be coupled towards a bottom of the climbing wall so that the climber can engage the lock-off operational configuration as required or desired at the start of the climb. The interface hold <NUM> may also be configured to support the climber as required or desired. The housing cover <NUM> has an outer surface having a plurality of oblique surfaces such that the interface hold <NUM> can be distinguished from other climbing holds known in the art. It should be appreciated that the interface hold <NUM> can take any other shape as required or desired, including shapes that correspond to known climbing holds. In the example, the button <NUM> is disposed at the bottom of the housing cover <NUM>, however, other locations are contemplated herein. Additionally, the housing cover <NUM> may include a visual indicator (e.g., LED light, display screen, or the like) that enables the system to indicate the operational configuration of the descent device and/or any other status condition of the descent device (e.g., on/off, etc.).

Within the interior chamber <NUM>, the interface hold <NUM> includes a power source <NUM> and a controller <NUM>. In an aspect, the power source <NUM> can be a replaceable battery pack or a rechargeable battery pack (e.g., with a port for charging). In other aspects, the power source <NUM> may be a coupling to an exterior power source such as line power for a building/structure or a generator. In the example, a removable cover <NUM> may be used to access the power source <NUM>. In an aspect, the cover <NUM> is disposed at the top of the housing cover <NUM>, however, other locations are contemplated herein. The controller <NUM> is disposed adjacent to the button <NUM> and includes any number of electronic components that enable function of the system as described herein. For example, the controller <NUM> enables communication with the descent device and for power to be supplied thereto. It should be appreciated, however, that in other examples, the descent device may have its own power source as required or desired. In some aspects, the interface hold <NUM> can be water resistant for use with outdoor climbing walls.

The automatic descent control systems described herein enable any number of climbing wall layouts to be adapted for allowing a lock-off operational configuration to be engaged so that a climber is allowed to hang above a ground surface without being lowered all the way to the ground surface. For example, an engagement device can be mounted on a climbing wall for the climber to engage the lock-off operational configuration. In another example, a control system can be used so that a belayer can control the lock-off operational configuration. Additionally, a sensor device can be used so that while in the lock-off operational configuration, a braking system is actuated to generate a braking force. The sensor device can monitor any number of components including the line and the braking system. For example, the sensor device can be any one of an encoder, accelerometer, force gauge, strain gauge, laser sensor, camera, etc. Further, the systems may still operate normally to allow the climber to be lowered all the way to the ground surface in a normal operational configuration as required or desired.

The descent devices described herein can either include a single braking system that can change operational configurations or have two separate braking systems, one for each operational configuration. Examples of a single braking system include a motor attached to a line. In some examples, a gear reduction or a transmission can be used to selectively control the descent rate of the climber. Using two separate braking systems enables existing descent devices, such as, fan braking systems, friction braking systems, hydraulic braking systems, and magnetic braking systems, to be adapted to allow the climber to hang above the ground surface in the lock-off operational configuration.

Claim 1:
An automatic descent control device (<NUM>, <NUM>) comprising:
a housing (<NUM>, <NUM>);
a shaft (<NUM>, <NUM>) rotatably supported within the housing (<NUM>, <NUM>);
a line (<NUM>) configured to be attached to a load (<NUM>), wherein the line is coupled to the shaft (<NUM>, <NUM>), and wherein the line (<NUM>) retracts within the housing (<NUM>, <NUM>) and wind about the shaft (<NUM>, <NUM>) when the line (<NUM>) is not loaded and unwinds about the shaft (<NUM>, <NUM>) when the line (<NUM>) is loaded;
a first braking system (<NUM>) coupled to the shaft (<NUM>, <NUM>), wherein the first braking system (<NUM>) is an eddy current braking system and provides a first braking force to the shaft (<NUM>, <NUM>) when the line (<NUM>) is loaded, wherein the first braking system (<NUM>) lowers the load (<NUM>) at a first descent rate;
a second braking system (<NUM>, <NUM>) coupled to the shaft (<NUM>, <NUM>), wherein the second braking system (<NUM>, <NUM>) is an electromechanical braking system and provides a second braking force to the shaft (<NUM>, <NUM>) when the line (<NUM>) is loaded, wherein the second braking system (<NUM>, <NUM>) lowers or locks the load (<NUM>) at a second descent rate, and wherein the load (<NUM>) is a constant, and the first descent rate is greater than the second descent rate; and
a controller (<NUM>, <NUM>) coupled to the second braking system (<NUM>, <NUM>), wherein the controller (<NUM>, <NUM>) selectively engages the second braking system (<NUM>, <NUM>) upon receiving an engagement signal, the second braking system (<NUM>, <NUM>) independent from the first braking system (<NUM>).