Patent Description:
There are a myriad of caps and/or closures of different shapes and sealing mechanisms used with bottles for containing a variety of fluids including, but not limited to, industrial chemicals, chemical reagents and cleaning liquids. Such fluids tend to be either highly corrosive or acidic and hence, can cause injury to persons dispensing same from a bottle, in particular, if the fluid comes into contact with the individual's eyes and/or skin during dispensing. Examples of known solutions of a cap and closures are disclosed in document <CIT>.

Conventional caps and closures for bottles generally include a thread located on the internal side surface of the cap that engages a corresponding thread located on the external surface of the bottle neck to thereby enable the cap/closure to be fixed to the bottle neck by a twisting/rotating motion of the cap in one direction relative to the bottle, to thereby seal or "close" the bottle. In order to disengage the cap/closure from the bottle and thereby "open" the bottle, the cap/closure is rotated/twisted in the opposite direction.

Conventional cap/closure systems for bottles may also include a separate sealing component that is usually in the form of a disc fabricated from plastic or any type of impervious material that is heat sealed, or otherwise fixed, to the bottle opening to thereby seal the opening and avoid the risk of spillage/leaking of any fluid, particularly during packing and transport of the bottles at which times the bottles are often tilted from the upright position.

However, conventional caps and closures have associated problems, since such caps/closures must be fully detached during opening of the bottle and dispensing of fluid, which can lead to loss of the cap. This is problematic in instances in which only a portion of the fluid is dispensed at any given time, and under such circumstances, bottles are either maintained in an open state or some other type ad hoc sealing mechanism must be adopted to close the bottle. Clearly this is undesirable since this increases the risk of spillage/leakage, which is even more problematic in the instance of hazardous fluids and thereby presents an occupational health and safety issue.

The use of a separate seal in conjunction with a cap/closure in order to prevent leakage of fluid during packing and transport is also problematic since such seals are for one-time use only, and therefore, the risk of leakage after the bottle is initially opened is increased in instances where only a portion of the container contents is dispensed at any given time.

The dispensing of hazardous (corrosive) fluids is also problematic during instances in which large volumes of fluid are dispensed and/or in instances in which a volume of fluid has to be rapidly dispensed. This typically results in a non-uniform "glugging" action accompanied by splashing of the liquid during dispensing which is, for reasons previously discussed, an occupational health and safety issue. It is understood that the "glugging" action arises as a result of the creation of a pressure differential between the interior and exterior of the bottle as the bottle contents are dispensed. When the external pressure increases to a point above the internal pressure of the bottle, the external pressure forces air back into the bottle in an attempt to equalize the internal and external pressure, thereby simultaneously forcing fluid to rapidly flow out of the bottle. This action causes the formation of a pocket of air which results in the familiar "glug".

In order to avoid "glugging" and the any resulting splashing of the bottle contents during dispensing, the usual practice is to puncture the bottle so as to form an aperture through which air can enter thereby maintaining an equalized pressure between the internal and exterior of the bottle and thereby facilitate uninform fluid flow in the absence of "glugging".

However, it will be appreciated that puncturing the bottle is undesirable from an occupational health and safety perspective since the aperture can lead to leakage/spillage of the vessel contents, and also, present a problem in the event only a portion of the vessel contents are dispensed at any given time.

Accordingly, there exists the need for a cap and/or closure for bottles, containers and the like that ameliorates, or at least provides an alternative to, conventional caps and closures and methods of dispensing fluids from bottles and containers sealed by same.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a cap according to independent claim <NUM>.

Preferred embodiments of the cap are defined in dependent claims <NUM> to <NUM>.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of dispensing liquid from a container according to independent claim <NUM>.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a container assembly according to dependent claim <NUM>.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a cap according to independent claim <NUM>.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying figures in which:.

For convenience, the invention will be described with respect to one or more particular embodiments, however it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to these one or more particular embodiments.

Referring to <FIG>, container (<NUM>) is shown in perspective view with fitted cap (<NUM>) in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

Cap (<NUM>) includes two components, inner member (<NUM>) and outer member (<NUM>) that are detailed and described in <FIG> and <FIG>, respectively.

<FIG> details inner member (<NUM>) in side view in which thread (<NUM>) located on the external surface of rim (<NUM>) is shown that engages thread (<NUM>) located on an internal surface of rim (<NUM>) of outer member (<NUM>) (shown in <FIG>). Accordingly, inner member (<NUM>) and outer member (<NUM>) are in threaded connection and can be connected by rotating inner member (<NUM>) relative to outer member (<NUM>) to engage threads (<NUM>) and (<NUM>).

<FIG> also details guide lugs (<NUM>) the function of which will be described in further detail with reference to <FIG> in which the inner member (<NUM>) and outer member (<NUM>) of cap (<NUM>) are shown in an engaged state.

<FIG> further details teeth (<NUM>) located on the external periphery of rim (<NUM>) that define a ratchet and which serve to prevent rotation of inner member (<NUM>) relative to outer member (<NUM>) so as to maintain cap (<NUM>) in a closed state prior to purchase and use. The function of teeth (<NUM>) and the way the ratchet defined by same will be described in further detail with reference to <FIG> in which inner member (<NUM>) and outer member (<NUM>) of cap (<NUM>) are shown in an engaged state.

Inner member (<NUM>) is shown in top view in <FIG> which details teeth (<NUM>) located on the external surface of rim (<NUM>) (see <FIG>) and also guide lugs (<NUM>) which engage corresponding drive lugs (<NUM>) located on outer member (<NUM>). The purpose, function and the way in which guide lugs (<NUM>) engage drive lugs (<NUM>) will be described in further detail with reference to <FIG> in which inner (<NUM>) and outer (<NUM>) members are shown in an engaged state.

<FIG> also details flexible tongues (<NUM>) that engage projection (<NUM> - shown in <FIG>) located on outer member (<NUM>) and that serves to prevent the removal of outer member (<NUM>) from inner member (<NUM>) as will be further described with reference to <FIG>.

<FIG> also details base portion (<NUM>) that extends radially inwardly a sufficient distance such that inner periphery (<NUM>) of base portion (<NUM>) forms part of a first seal between inner (<NUM>) and outer (<NUM>) members when outer member (<NUM>) is in a first (closed) position. The function of base portion (<NUM>) and how it functions as part of a first seal will be described in further detail with reference to <FIG>.

<FIG> shows a bottom view of inner member (<NUM>) in which teeth (<NUM>) are visible. <FIG> also details teeth (<NUM>) located on the internal surface of rim (<NUM>) that serve as another ratchet that prevents the removal of inner member from container (<NUM>) during use. The function of teeth (<NUM>) and the ratchet defined by same will be described in further detail with reference to <FIG> that show inner (<NUM>) and outer (<NUM>) members in an engaged state.

<FIG> also shows internal annulus (<NUM>) that includes base portion (<NUM>) that extends radially inwardly a sufficient distance such that inner periphery (<NUM>) forms part of a first seal when it abuts the outer periphery (see <FIG>) of base portion (<NUM>) located on outer member (<NUM>) when outer member (<NUM>) is in a first (closed) position.

A side sectional view of inner member (<NUM>) is shown in <FIG> in which teeth (<NUM>) and guide lugs (<NUM>) are shown. <FIG> also details thread (<NUM>) located on the internal surface of rim (<NUM>) that engages a corresponding thread (not shown) located on container (<NUM>) to thereby secure inner member (<NUM>) to container (<NUM>). <FIG> also details thread (<NUM>) located on the external surface of rim (<NUM>) that serves to connect inner member (<NUM>) to outer member (<NUM>). <FIG> also details flexible tongue (<NUM>) used to prevent outer member (<NUM>) from being removed from inner member (<NUM>).

<FIG> also details internal annulus (<NUM>) which includes base portion (<NUM>) that forms part of a first seal (<NUM> - see <FIG>)) when the inner periphery (<NUM>) of base portion (<NUM>) abuts the outer periphery (<NUM> - see <FIG>) of base portion (<NUM> - see <FIG>) of outer member (<NUM>) when outer member (<NUM>) is in a first (closed) position.

The features of outer member (<NUM>) will now be described with reference to <FIG>.

<FIG> shows a side view of outer member (<NUM>) detailing lip (<NUM>) that serves to prevent, or at least minimise, dripping of liquid during dispensing. <FIG> also details knurling (<NUM>) located on the external surface of rim (<NUM>). It will be appreciated that "knurling" represents a textured region on any surface that may include a pattern of straight, angled or crossed lines that are rolled, pressed, stamped or otherwise introduced onto a surface that serves to provide manual grip during movement of a part. In this embodiment, knurling (<NUM>) serves to provide manual grip of outer member (<NUM>) when it is moved (rotated) relative to inner member (<NUM>) in order to open the cap and allow dispensing of fluid. Knurling (<NUM>) also serves to provide mechanical grip when outer member (<NUM>) is engaged with inner member (<NUM>) and the assembled cap is driven onto container (<NUM>) by the use of a conventional capping chuck.

<FIG> further details bridges (<NUM>) that connect tamper ring (<NUM>) to rim (<NUM>) of outer member (<NUM>).

A top view of outer cap (<NUM>) is shown in <FIG> that details knurling (<NUM>) located on rim (<NUM>). Ribs (<NUM>) arranged in a spoke arrangement are also detailed which define flow channels (<NUM>) through which liquid exits and/or air enters container (<NUM>) during dispensing. The function of ribs (<NUM>) and flow channels (<NUM>) is further described with reference to <FIG> and also <FIG>.

<FIG> also details top portion (<NUM>) and base portion (<NUM>) of central support structure (<NUM> - shown in <FIG>). Central support structure (<NUM>) serves to support ribs (<NUM>) and also functions as part of a first seal that substantially prevents the flow of liquid when outer member (<NUM>) is in a first (closed) position. Central support structure also includes wall (<NUM> - shown in <FIG>) that forms part of a second seal and that will be described in further detail with reference to <FIG>.

<FIG> also details vent hole (<NUM>) which is an optional feature that is adopted when liquids that require continuous venting are stored in container (<NUM>). The function of vent hole (<NUM>) is further described with reference to <FIG> that shows a top view of cap (<NUM>) when in an assembled state in which inner member (<NUM>) is connected, by threaded connection, to outer member (<NUM>).

<FIG> shows outer member (<NUM>) in bottom view detailing teeth (<NUM>) that define a ratchet located on the internal surface of tamper ring (<NUM>). Also detailed are ribs (<NUM>) that define flow channels (<NUM>) (flow channels (<NUM>) defined by ribs (<NUM>) are more clearly illustrated in <FIG>). Thread (<NUM>) located on the internal surface of rim (<NUM>) is also shown in addition to vent hole (<NUM>) located on top portion (<NUM>) of central support structure (<NUM> -shown in <FIG>). Also shown is base portion (<NUM>) located on central support structure (<NUM> - shown in <FIG>).

<FIG> also details drive lugs (<NUM>) the function of which are described in detail with reference to <FIG> that show cap (<NUM>) in an assembled state in which inner member (<NUM>) is connected, by threaded connection, to outer member (<NUM>).

A side sectional view of outer member (<NUM>) is shown in <FIG> in which lip (<NUM>) and ribs (<NUM>) are shown. Ribs (<NUM>) are connected to central support structure (<NUM>) which includes a top portion (<NUM>) and also a base portion (<NUM>). Base portion (<NUM>) serves to form part of a first seal and thereby substantially prevents the flow of liquid when outer member (<NUM>) is in a first (closed) position. The function of the first seal is further described with reference to <FIG> which detail cap (<NUM>) when in an assembled state in which inner member (<NUM>) is connected, by threaded connection, to outer member (<NUM>).

Also detailed in <FIG> is thread (<NUM>) located on an internal surface of rim (<NUM>) of outer member (<NUM>) that serves to connect, via threaded connection, inner (<NUM>) and outer (<NUM>) members.

<FIG> further details drive lugs (<NUM>) the function of which are described in detail with reference to <FIG> that show cap (<NUM>) in an assembled state in which inner member (<NUM>) is connected, by threaded connection, to outer member (<NUM>).

<FIG> shows outer member (<NUM>) in perspective view in which the configuration of ribs (<NUM>) in relation to lip (<NUM>) may be observed. As can be seen from this figure, ribs (<NUM>) have an upward curvature as they extend radially outward from central support structure (<NUM>) towards the outer periphery of outer member (<NUM>). The upward curvature of ribs (<NUM>) cause the end of ribs (<NUM>) to meet the base of lip (<NUM>) to thereby smoothly transition the surface of the ribs (<NUM>) to the surface of lip (<NUM>) and thereby provide a smooth surface over which liquid may travel during egress from the container and dispensing opening of cap (<NUM>) upon sufficient tilting of the container. It will be appreciated that the smooth transition of the surface of the ribs (<NUM>) to the surface of the lip (<NUM>) may assist in achieving more even flow of liquid over ribs (<NUM>) and lip (<NUM>) during dispensing of the container contents thereby avoiding, or ameliorating splashing and/or dripping of liquid.

<FIG> details a perspective view of the internal rib spoke arrangement of outer member (<NUM>) in which the wall of outer member (<NUM>) has been removed to more clearly illustrate the internal spoke arrangement of ribs (<NUM>) and how the configuration of ribs (<NUM>) define a plurality of flow channels (<NUM>). As can be seen in <FIG>, each of ribs (<NUM>) have a notched (or cut-away) section thereby defining portion (120a) that is of a narrower width dimension as compared with portion (120b). In this regard, it will be appreciated that "narrow" portion (120a) on each of ribs (<NUM>) permits the entry of liquid into the spoked rib arrangement of outer member (<NUM>) when cap (<NUM>) is in an "open" state to thereby permit dispensing of liquid from the container through dispensing opening of cap (<NUM>). The "wider" portion (120b) of rib (<NUM>) is of a width dimension that is sufficient to cause the edge of rib (<NUM>) to abut the internal wall surface of cap (<NUM>) such that two adjacent spaced apart ribs (<NUM>), central support structure (<NUM>) and the internal surface of outer member (<NUM>) wall define an enclosed flow channel (<NUM>). It will be appreciated that the ribs (<NUM>) in combination with the internal surface of the outer member (<NUM>) wall and central support structure (<NUM>) increase the surface area of outer member (<NUM>) with which liquid comes into contact during egress from the container through cap (<NUM>). In this regard and without seeking to be bound by theory, it is considered that flow channels (<NUM>) serve to slow down the rate of liquid flow through frictional resistance as the liquid egresses from the container, especially in regions where the liquid comes into contact with the surface of ribs (<NUM>), central support structure (<NUM>) and the internal surface of outer member (<NUM>) wall. Accordingly, it is considered that ribs (<NUM>), by forcing the liquid to enter one or more flow channels (<NUM>) during egress from the container through cap (<NUM>), effectively increases the contact surface area between the liquid and outer member (<NUM>) thereby slowing the rate of liquid flow and mitigating the "glugging" effect during dispensing of liquid from the container.

The relationship between inner member (<NUM>) and outer member (<NUM>) when the cap (<NUM>) is in an engaged state is shown in <FIG> and, in particular, the sectional view shown in <FIG>. With reference to <FIG>, cap (<NUM>) is shown in side view detailing outer member (<NUM>) that includes lip (<NUM>) that prevents, or at least minimises, any excess dripping of the liquid contents during dispensing. Outer member (<NUM>) also details knurling (<NUM>) surrounding the external surface of rim (<NUM>) of outer member (<NUM>).

<FIG> also shows tamper ring (<NUM>) connected to outer member (<NUM>) by a series of bridges (<NUM>) that may be broken by the manual application of a force when the cap (<NUM>) is used and opened for the first time. Upon breakage of bridges (<NUM>), outer member (<NUM>) is able to be moved (rotated) relative to inner member (<NUM>) from a first (closed) position to a second (open) position to thereby open cap (<NUM>) and enable fluid contained within container (<NUM>) (shown in <FIG>) fitted with cap (<NUM>) to be dispensed from container (<NUM>).

Cap (<NUM>) is shown in top view in <FIG>, detailing, once again, lip (<NUM>) and knurling (<NUM>) located on outer member (<NUM>). Outer member (<NUM>) also includes ribs (<NUM>) disposed in a spoke arrangement (refer also to <FIG>) which defines a plurality of flow channels (<NUM>) through which liquid passes during dispensing of the liquid from container (<NUM>) shown in <FIG>. Ribs (<NUM>) serve to avoid, or at least ameliorate, any surging "glugging" of liquid as it passes and exits through cap (<NUM>) during dispensing of the contents of container (<NUM>). In this regard, and without seeking to be bound by theory, it is considered that the "glugging" effect that is normally observed during pouring of a liquid from a container is mitigated by ribs (<NUM>) which serve to disrupt and retard the liquid flow rate to a point that is sufficient to avoid or at least reduce any surging "glugging" of the liquid. Ribs (<NUM>) also facilitate the entry of air back into the container during dispensing to thereby equalise the internal and external pressure with respect to the container and thereby permit and/or promote liquid flow from the container.

Whilst it is possible to configure the cap so that any number flow channels (<NUM>) are defined, a passage defining <NUM> channels arranged in a spoke arrangement is preferred since this provides sufficient flow area for the passage of liquid out of the container through dispensing opening of cap (<NUM>) yet also provides sufficient surface area of ribs (<NUM>) such that the flow of liquid is sufficiently retarded through frictional contact of the liquid with the surface of ribs (<NUM>) to thereby mitigate "glugging" of the liquid as it exits container (<NUM>) through dispensing opening of cap (<NUM>).

It will be understood that the use of ribs (<NUM>) that facilitate the entry of air back into the container during dispensing avoids the need to puncture the container during use so as to permit and/or promote liquid flow. The avoidance or mitigation of "glugging" of the liquid also results in a more controlled flow of liquid that prevents or minimises the risk of spillage of any liquid during dispensing. Both of these factors are beneficial from an occupational health and safety perspective, particularly in respect of circumstances in which hazardous, toxic and/or flammable liquids are dispensed from a container.

<FIG> also details flexible tongue (<NUM>) located on outer member (<NUM>) that prevents removal of outer member (<NUM>) from inner member (<NUM>) after assembly and during use in the absence of the application of excessive force, wherein flexible tongue (<NUM>) is pushed past projection (<NUM> - shown in <FIG>) during assembly of inner member (<NUM>) and outer member (<NUM>).

Outer member (<NUM>) further includes, in this embodiment, optional vent hole (<NUM>) that is useful when liquids that require continuous venting are stored within container (<NUM>). In this regard, it is noted that many industrial liquids and reagents stored in containers can cause the containers to expand or even explode during transportation and storage and thereby require the use of one or more vent holes which are designed to enable the container to "breathe" and thereby equalize pressure within the container preventing distortion and damage of the container. In order to isolate the container contents from the external environment and prevent any leakage or spillage of liquid during transport, storage and dispensing of liquid, porous discs may be placed within vent holes (<NUM>) that enables container (<NUM>) to breathe. Such porous discs are known and readily available.

Referring now to <FIG>, a bottom view of cap (<NUM>) is shown that details vent hole (<NUM>) located on outer member (<NUM>). <FIG> also details tamper ring (<NUM>) connected to outer member (<NUM>) of which only the top portion (<NUM>) of the central support structure (<NUM> - see <FIG>) of outer member (<NUM>) is visible.

<FIG> also details dual ratchet systems adopted with cap (<NUM>) that each serve to secure inner member (<NUM>) to container (<NUM>) and also avoids a user tampering with the contents of container (<NUM>) prior to purchase and/or use. In this regard, it will be appreciated that a ratchet broadly defines any mechanical device that allows continuous rotary motion of a part only in one direction whilst preventing motion of the part in the opposite direction.

The first ratchet system includes a plurality of teeth (<NUM>) located on an internal surface of the periphery of rim (<NUM>) of inner member (<NUM>), wherein the plurality of teeth (<NUM>) engage one or more pawls located on the neck of container (<NUM>) (not shown). The one or more pawls located on the neck of container (<NUM>) prevent rotation of inner member (<NUM>) in a direction that would disengage inner member (<NUM>) from container (<NUM>). That is, teeth (<NUM>) located on inner member (<NUM>) and pawls (not shown) located on the neck of container (<NUM>) permit rotation of inner member only in one direction to thereby engage and secure inner member (<NUM>) to container (<NUM>) during installation of cap (<NUM>). Accordingly, once inner member (<NUM>) and/or cap (<NUM>) is installed on container (<NUM>), removal of inner member (<NUM>) and/or cap (<NUM>) is not possible unless excessive force is applied which would likely damage inner member (<NUM>) and/or container (<NUM>).

The second ratchet system includes a plurality of teeth (<NUM>) located on an external surface of the periphery of rim (<NUM>) of inner member (<NUM>) wherein plurality of teeth (<NUM>) engage one or more teeth (<NUM>) located on an internal surface of tamper ring (<NUM>). Accordingly, whilst bridges (<NUM>- shown in <FIG>) remain intact, rotation of outer member (<NUM>) relative to inner member (<NUM>) is restricted thereby preventing outer member (<NUM>) to be moved from an first (closed) position to a second (open position). Upon breakage of bridges (<NUM>) by the manual application of a force when the cap is used and opened for the first, outer member (<NUM>) is then able to be moved (rotated) relative to inner member (<NUM>) from a first (closed) position to a second (open) position to thereby open cap (<NUM>) and enable fluid contained within container (<NUM>) to be dispensed from container (<NUM>).

<FIG> also shows internal annulus (<NUM>) within internal member (<NUM>) having base portion (<NUM>) that extends radially inwardly a sufficient distance such that inner periphery (<NUM>) of base portion (<NUM>) forms part of a first seal (<NUM>) and abuts outer periphery (<NUM>) of base portion (<NUM>) of support structure (<NUM> - shown in <FIG>) when outer member (<NUM>) is in a first (closed) position.

<FIG> is a sectional view of cap (<NUM>) showing inner member (<NUM>) and outer member (<NUM>) in an engaged state. <FIG> details teeth (<NUM>) located on an internal surface of the periphery of rim (<NUM>) that form part of a first ratchet system as previously described. <FIG> also details thread (<NUM>) located on an internal surface of rim (<NUM>) of inner member (<NUM>) that serves to engage, by threaded connection, inner member (<NUM>) to the neck of container (<NUM>) (not shown). <FIG> further details thread (<NUM>) located on an external surface of rim (<NUM>) of inner member (<NUM>) that serves to engage inner member (<NUM>) to outer member (<NUM>) by threaded connection to thread (<NUM>) located on an internal surface of rim (<NUM>) of outer member (<NUM>).

<FIG> also details ribs (<NUM>) that, as previously discussed, serve to avoid or at least ameliorate the "glugging" of liquid as it exits container (<NUM>) during dispensing, and which also serve to permit air flow back into container (<NUM>) during dispensing thereby permitting and/or promoting liquid flow without having to puncture container (<NUM>).

In an embodiment, cap (<NUM>) is installed on container (<NUM>) whilst assembled, that is, when the inner (<NUM>) and outer (<NUM>) members are in an engaged state, using an automatic capping machine. Such machines allow for continuous capping of containers using one or multiple chuck heads and are ideal for use in facilities with high volume production.

In order to install cap (<NUM>) on container (<NUM>), the chuck of a conventional capping machine (not shown) grips outer member (<NUM>) of cap (<NUM>) and positions same over the neck (not shown) of container (<NUM>). Whilst not shown in any one of <FIG>, it will be appreciated the opening of container (<NUM>) includes a neck portion on which a thread is located on the external surface that is able to engage thread (<NUM>) located on the internal surface of rim (<NUM>) of inner member (<NUM>). In order to engage and secure cap (<NUM>) on container (<NUM>), capping chuck rotates cap (<NUM>) in a direction that serves to engage thread (<NUM>) of inner member (<NUM>) with the thread located on the neck of container (<NUM>).

In order to avoid binding (seizing) and/or damage of the threads of inner (<NUM>) and outer (<NUM>) members of cap (<NUM>), drive lugs (<NUM>) located on outer member (<NUM>) (see also <FIG>) engage and interlock guide lugs (<NUM>) (see also <FIG>) located on inner member (<NUM>) which drive inner member (<NUM>) and engage same with the thread located on the neck of container (<NUM>) without applying excess pressure on the threads connecting inner and outer members. It will be appreciated that avoiding applying excess pressure on the thread mechanism between inner (<NUM>) and outer (<NUM>) members serves to avoid, or at least minimises, the risk of damage to the threaded connection and thereby minimises the risk of any leakage of liquid contents during storage, transport or dispensing of the container liquid content. Once again, this is beneficial from an occupational health and safety perspective, particularly in circumstances in which hazardous liquids are stored within, and are dispensed from, container (<NUM>).

<FIG> also shows first seal formed between outer periphery (<NUM>) of base portion (<NUM>) of outer member (<NUM>) and inner periphery (<NUM>) of base portion (<NUM>) of inner member (<NUM>). It will be understood that first seal serves to substantially prevent the flow and exit of liquid out of container (<NUM>) when outer member (<NUM>) is in a first (closed) position.

<FIG> further shows second seal (<NUM>) formed between wall (<NUM>) that abuts the wall of internal annulus (<NUM>) wherein second seal (<NUM>) substantially diverts liquid to flow to channels (<NUM>) and away from the cavity defined between inner (<NUM>) and outer (<NUM>) members that house the thread mechanism.

<FIG> also details flexible tongues (<NUM>) that engage projection (<NUM> - shown in <FIG>) located on outer member (<NUM>) and that serves to stop the removal of outer member (<NUM>) from inner member (<NUM>) as will be further described with reference to <FIG>.

A side sectional view of inner member (<NUM>) is shown in <FIG> in which teeth (<NUM>) are shown. <FIG> also details thread (<NUM>) located on the internal surface of rim (<NUM>) that engages a corresponding thread (not shown) located on container (<NUM>) to thereby secure inner member (<NUM>) to container (<NUM>). <FIG> also details thread (<NUM>) located on the external surface of rim (<NUM>) that serves to connect inner member (<NUM>) to outer member (<NUM>). <FIG> also details flexible tongue (<NUM>) used to prevent outer member (<NUM>) from being removed from inner member (<NUM>).

<FIG> also details internal annulus (<NUM>) which includes base portion (<NUM>) that forms part of a first seal when the inner periphery (<NUM>) of base portion (<NUM>) abuts the outer periphery (<NUM> - see <FIG>) of base portion (<NUM> - see <FIG>) of outer member (<NUM>) when outer member (<NUM>) is in a first (closed) position.

<FIG> shows a side view of outer member (<NUM>) detailing lip (<NUM>) that serves to prevent, or at least minimise, dripping of liquid during dispensing. <FIG> also details knurling (<NUM>) located on the external surface of rim (<NUM>). As previously described, knurling (<NUM>) serves to provide manual grip of outer member (<NUM>) when it is moved (rotated) relative to inner member (<NUM>) in order to open the cap and allow dispensing of fluid. Knurling (<NUM>) also serves to provide mechanical grip when outer member (<NUM>) is engaged with inner member (<NUM>) and the assembled cap is driven onto container (<NUM>) by the use of a conventional capping chuck.

A top view of outer cap (<NUM>) is shown in <FIG> that details knurling (<NUM>) located on rim (<NUM>). Ribs (<NUM>) are also detailed which define flow channels (<NUM>) through which liquid exits and/or air enters container (<NUM>) during dispensing. The function of ribs (<NUM>) and flow channels (<NUM>) is further described with reference to <FIG> and also <FIG>.

<FIG> also details vent holes (<NUM>) which is an optional feature that is adopted when liquids that require continuous venting are stored in container (<NUM>). The function of vent hole (<NUM>) is further described with reference to <FIG> that shows a top view of cap (<NUM>) when in an assembled state in which inner member (<NUM>) is connected, by threaded connection, to outer member (<NUM>).

<FIG> shows outer member (<NUM>) in bottom view detailing teeth (<NUM>) that define a ratchet located on the internal surface of tamper ring (<NUM>). Also detailed are ribs (<NUM>) that that define flow channels (<NUM>). Vent hole (<NUM>) is also shown that is located on top portion (<NUM>) of central support structure (<NUM> - shown in <FIG>). Also shown is top portion (<NUM>) located on central support structure (<NUM> - shown in <FIG>).

The relationship between inner member (<NUM>) and outer member (<NUM>) when the cap is in an engaged state is shown in <FIG> and, in particular, the sectional view shown in <FIG>. With reference to <FIG>, cap (<NUM>) is shown in side view detailing outer member (<NUM>) that includes lip (<NUM>) that prevents, or at least minimises, any excess dripping of the liquid contents during dispensing. Outer member (<NUM>) also details knurling (<NUM>) surrounding the external surface of rim (<NUM>) of outer member (<NUM>).

<FIG> also shows tamper ring (<NUM>) connected to outer member (<NUM>) by a series of bridges (<NUM> - visible in <FIG>) that may be broken by the manual application of a force when the cap is used and opened for the first time. Upon breakage of bridges (<NUM>), outer member (<NUM>) is able to be moved (rotated) relative to inner member (<NUM>) from a first (closed) position to a second (open) position to thereby open cap (<NUM>) and enable fluid contained within container (<NUM>) (shown in <FIG>) fitted with cap (<NUM>) to be dispensed from container (<NUM>).

Cap (<NUM>) is shown in top view in <FIG>, detailing, once again, lip (<NUM>) and knurling (<NUM>) located on outer member (<NUM>). Outer member (<NUM>) also includes ribs (<NUM>) disposed in a spoke arrangement and which define a plurality of flow channels (<NUM>) through which liquid passes during dispensing of the liquid from container (<NUM>) shown in <FIG>.

Outer member (<NUM>) further includes, in this embodiment, optional vent holes (<NUM>) that are useful when liquids that require continuous venting are stored within container (<NUM>).

The second ratchet system includes a plurality of teeth (<NUM>) located on an external surface of the periphery of rim (<NUM>) of inner member (<NUM>) wherein plurality of teeth (<NUM>) engage one or more teeth (<NUM>) located on an internal surface of tamper ring (<NUM>). Accordingly, whilst bridges (<NUM>- shown in <FIG>) remain intact, rotation of outer member (<NUM>) relative to inner member (<NUM>) is restricted thereby preventing movement of outer member (<NUM>) from an first (closed) position to a second (open position). Upon breakage of bridges (<NUM>) by the manual application of a force when the cap is used and opened for the first, outer member (<NUM>) is then able to be moved (rotated) relative to inner member (<NUM>) from a first (closed) position to a second (open) position to thereby open cap (<NUM>) and enable liquid contained within container (<NUM>) to be dispensed from container (<NUM>) through a dispensing opening of cap (<NUM>).

<FIG> also shows internal annulus (<NUM>) within internal member (<NUM>) having base portion (<NUM>) that extends radially inwardly a sufficient distance such that inner periphery (<NUM>) of base portion (<NUM>) forms part of a first seal and abuts outer periphery (<NUM>) of base portion (<NUM> of support structure <NUM> - shown in <FIG>) when outer member (<NUM>) is in a first (closed) position.

In order to avoid binding (seizing) and/or damage of the threads of inner (<NUM>) and outer (<NUM>) members of cap (<NUM>), drive lugs (<NUM>) located on outer member (<NUM>) (see also <FIG>) engage and interlock guide lugs (<NUM>) (shown in <FIG>) located on inner member (<NUM>) which drive inner member (<NUM>) and engage same with the thread located on the neck of container (<NUM>) without applying excess pressure on the threads connecting inner and outer members. It will be appreciated that avoiding applying excess pressure on the thread mechanism between inner (<NUM>) and outer (<NUM>) members serves to avoid, or at least minimises, the risk of damage to the threaded connection and thereby minimises the risk of any leakage of liquid contents during storage, transport or dispensing of the container liquid content. Once again, this is beneficial from an occupational health and safety perspective, particularly in circumstances in which hazardous liquids are stored within, and are dispensed from, container (<NUM>).

It will also be appreciated that the engagement of drive lugs (<NUM>) and guide lugs (<NUM>) also assists in minimising the force required to be applied by a user in order to loosen outer member (<NUM>) from inner member (<NUM>) to thereby open container (<NUM>) in order to dispense liquid contained therein.

<FIG> also shows first seal (<NUM> - see also <FIG>) formed between outer periphery (<NUM>) of base portion (<NUM>) of outer member (<NUM>) and inner periphery (<NUM>) of base portion (<NUM>) of inner member (<NUM>). It will be understood that first seal (<NUM>) serves to substantially prevent the flow and exit of liquid out of container (<NUM>) through dispensing opening of cap (<NUM>) when outer member (<NUM>) is in a first (closed) position.

<FIG> further shows second seal (<NUM>) formed between wall (<NUM>) that abuts the wall of internal annulus (<NUM>) wherein second seal (<NUM>) substantially diverts liquid to flow through channels (<NUM>) and away from the cavity defined between inner (<NUM>) and outer (<NUM>) members that house the thread mechanism.

Referring to <FIG> and <FIG>, cap (<NUM>) according to an embodiment of the invention is shown when fitted to a bottle (<NUM>) wherein cap (<NUM>) is shown in a closed position (<FIG>) and also in an open position (<FIG>).

<FIG> details first (<NUM>), second (<NUM>) and third seals. First seal (<NUM>) is formed between base portion (<NUM>) of central support structure (<NUM>) located on outer member (<NUM>) that abuts inner periphery (<NUM>) of base portion (<NUM>) located on inner member (<NUM>) when outer member (<NUM>) is in a first (closed) position as shown in <FIG>. Accordingly, liquid flow out of container (<NUM>) is substantially prevented when cap (<NUM>) is in a closed state and first seal is active.

Second seal (<NUM>) is formed between wall (<NUM>) that abuts the wall of internal annulus (<NUM>) to form second seal (<NUM>) that substantially diverts liquid to flow through channels (<NUM> - see <FIG>) and away from the cavity defined between inner (<NUM>) and outer (<NUM>) members that house the thread mechanism when cap (<NUM>) is in an open state.

The threaded connection between inner member (<NUM>) and outer member (<NUM>) enables cap (<NUM>) to be moved from a first (closed) position (as shown in <FIG>) to a second (open) position (as shown in <FIG>) to thereby define flow channel (<NUM>) through which liquid can flow and exit container (<NUM>) when in a sufficiently tilted state.

In addition, the threaded connection between inner member (<NUM>) and outer member (<NUM>) enables outer member (<NUM>) to be loosened from inner member (<NUM>) wherein the rate of liquid flow exiting container (<NUM>) is based upon the extent to which outer member (<NUM>) is loosened from inner member (<NUM>).

<FIG> also details third seal (<NUM>) that substantially prevents liquid flow within the cavity defined between container (<NUM>) and the inner wall of inner member (<NUM>) when the cap (<NUM>) is in sealing engagement with container (<NUM>).

As can be seen from <FIG> and <FIG>, liquid flows out from at least one flow channels (<NUM>) whilst air is simultaneously encouraged to flow into container (<NUM>) through at least one flow channel (<NUM>) to thereby mitigate "glugging" as liquid exits container (<NUM>). Without seeking to be bound by theory, is it thought that the spoked ribbed arrangement that defines the plurality of flow channels (<NUM>) encourages air to flow in at least one or more channels (<NUM>) and thereby enter container (<NUM>) during dispensing of liquid which mitigates the "glugging" effect. It is also thought that even when liquid flows through all flow channels (<NUM>) such that substantially no air enters container (<NUM>) through flow channels (<NUM>) during dispensing of its liquid contents, the "glugging" effect is still mitigated by the presence of ribs (<NUM>) that serve to retard the liquid flow as it exits container (<NUM>) through one or more channels (<NUM>).

As can be seen from the sectional views of two different embodiments of the cap shown in <FIG> and <FIG> (see also <FIG> and <FIG>), the central support structure of the outer member that defines the ribs (<NUM>) and fluid flow channels (<NUM>), and also the internal annulus of the inner member are configured such that these portions substantially extend (or are recessed) within the container when the cap is fitted over the container opening. This arrangement assists in avoiding, or at least minimises, any parts jutting out from the container which strengthens the arrangement and minimises the risk of breakage or damage of any parts. This arrangement also permits and/or facilitates storage and/or stacking of the containers during transport and storage.

<FIG> and <FIG> show the container/cap assemblies of <FIG> and <FIG>, respectively, shown in side sectional view in which the cap is in sealing engagement with the container. As can be clearly seen from the embodiments shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, since the flow passage defined by ribs (<NUM>, <NUM>) extends substantially into the container when the cap housing is in sealing engagement with the container, the plurality of channels (<NUM>, <NUM>) within the cap flow passage do not project substantially beyond the outer perimeter of the container, thereby allowing/enabling stacking of the containers during, for example, storage and/or transport.

It will be appreciated that the cap in accordance with the invention may be manufactured from a variety of materials and by any conventional method. For example, any suitable polymer material may be adopted including, but not limited to, polypropylene (PP), low density polyethylene (LDPE) or high density polyethylene (HDPE).

The caps may also be made using any suitable manufacturing process including, but not limited to, 3D (additive) printing technology or injection moulding.

In an embodiment, the caps are injection moulded using polypropylene (PP).

Accordingly, the cap and container/cap assembly of the present invention assists in promoting controlled flow and avoids, or at least ameliorates, splashing/spillage of fluids during dispensing. The cap and container/cap assembly of the present invention also avoids the need to puncture the container in order to promote flow of the dispensing fluid.

In an embodiment, the cap is substantially circular in shape such that any conventional capping chuck to able to be adopted during manufacture and assembly of the sealed (capped) container. In addition, the circular shape avoids any components or sections jutting out from the cap which could be damaged and/or broken during transport or storage of the cap and container assembly.

The cap may be supplied with the inner and outer members in an engaged state wherein the assembled cap is also located on a container. Alternatively, the cap may be supplied separately in which the inner and outer members are in engaged state such that the assembled cap only needs to be applied to any container of choice.

In embodiments, the cap may be manufactured in a variety of sizes and configured to fit, by threaded engagement, containers/bottles of a variety of shapes and sizes.

The cap and container/cap assembly of the present invention further avoids the need to adopt additional parts for connection to the container in order to promote and/or achieve a more controlled flow of fluid from the container during dispensing. Avoiding the need for additional parts reduces the risk of loss of any such parts thereby ensuring that a container is able to adequately re-sealed in the event only a portion of its contents are dispensed at any given time. All these factors contribute that a cap and container/cap assembly that is more convenient to use and reduces the risk of any occupational health and safety hazards.

Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood to mean the inclusion of a stated integer or step, or group of integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other integer or step, or group of integers or steps.

Claim 1:
A cap (<NUM>) for a container (<NUM>) including a dispensing opening operable to be selectively sealed and a housing configured for sealing engagement with a container opening, said housing including an outer member (<NUM>) and an inner member (<NUM>), said outer member (<NUM>) defining a passage along a longitudinal axis thereof, the passage having a plurality of ribs (<NUM>) disposed in the passage and extending radially from a location proximal to an outer periphery of the outer member (<NUM>) towards a central support structure (<NUM>), wherein the central support structure (<NUM>) comprises a top portion (<NUM>) and a base portion (<NUM>), and the central support structure (<NUM>) extending substantially along said longitudinal axis to thereby define a spoked arrangement and a plurality of enclosed flow channels (<NUM>), wherein each enclosed flow channel (<NUM>) is defined by the surface of two ribs of the plurality of ribs, the central support structure (<NUM>) and an internal surface of the outer member (<NUM>) which, when the container is in a sufficiently tilted state, cause liquid in the container to be substantially in contact with the surface of the ribs (<NUM>) as it flows through one or more of the plurality of enclosed flow channels (<NUM>) and as it exits through the dispensing opening, wherein at least one flow channel (<NUM>) is a liquid-flow channel through which liquid flows out of the dispensing opening when unsealed, characterized in that the ribs (<NUM>) are connected to the central support structure (<NUM>) from said top portion (<NUM>) to said base portion (<NUM>).