Patent Description:
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) commonly operate in unlicensed spectrum bands. Rules for operation in these bands force competing devices to share the available resources and defer their intended transmissions when the medium is sensed busy. Typically, a WLAN uses an Orthogonal Frequency Division-Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission format in which all transmission resources are assigned to a single device. Random assignment is commonly achieved using carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). With CSMA/CA a device wins access to the medium, transmits its data up to a pre-defined period of time, and then gives up the medium for other devices to compete for transmission. In contrast, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is a transmission and access mechanism that accommodates multiple-user transmissions simultaneously. OFDMA is commonly implemented in wireless infrastructures operating in the licensed bands in order to meet timing information in terms of frame structure and the scheduling of resources among a subset of users. There is a need for efficient schemes for implementing OFDMA in WLANs.

<CIT> discloses an apparatus and method for managing OFDMA resources in a WLAN. Transmission resources and scheduling are determined by a network controller and sent to a station. Signaling is carried in an OFDMA sub-header of the MAC data frame, and the OFDMA sub-header is dedicated as an OFDMA control field for carrying OFDMA control information to the STAs.

<CIT> and <CIT> disclose legacy preambles in non-HT formats to silence legacy stations by indicating a duration, via the RATE and LENGTH parameters to wait for frame transmission to complete.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, a method by a network component for provisioning subcarriers to users for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communications in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is defined in independent claim <NUM>.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a network component for provisioning subcarriers to users for OFDMA communications in a WLAN is defined in independent claim <NUM>.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method by a user device supporting OFDMA communications in a WLAN is defined in independent claim <NUM>.

In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, a user device supporting OFDMA communications in a WLAN is defined in independent claim <NUM>.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features of an aspect of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of aspects of the invention will be described hereinafter, which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the specific aspects disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures or processes for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:.

The making and using of the presently preferred embodiments are discussed in detail below. It should be appreciated, however, that the present invention can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed are merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention, and do not limit the scope of the invention.

Disclosed herein are system and method embodiments for WLAN OFDMA design of subcarrier groups and corresponding frame format. The OFDMA design includes the arrangement of the OFDMA subcarriers into groups and the allocation of groups to different users using a frame format designed for this purpose. A low-overhead method is also included for allocating the subcarriers to different users by grouping the subcarriers into subcarrier groups.

<FIG> shows an example of a WLAN basic service set (BSS) including an access point (AP) and one or more stations (STAs). The AP is a communication device allowing the STAs to access and communicate with the WLAN. The STAs are any user communication devices allowing users or subscriber to communicate with the AP and hence the WLAN. Examples of STAs include smartphones, tablet computers, laptop computers, desktop computers, sensor devices (e.g., smartwatch), and other mobile or communication devices with WLAN (e.g., WiFi) capability.

In general, an OFDMA system consists of an integer number of subcarriers, Nsc, defined in a channel of certain bandwidth, W Megahertz (MHz). Each subcarrier represents a sub-range bandwidth or a frequency channel that can be used for uplink or downlink transmissions. For example in WLAN, the bandwidth W is usually set to <NUM>. The subcarrier separation Δf is given by Δf = W/Nsc. The OFDMA symbol duration Ts is given by <NUM>/Δf. The quantity Nsc is set at <NUM> in WLAN OFDM implementation. With the introduction of OFDMA to WLAN, Nsc may be set to a higher value, such as <NUM> or <NUM> to achieve finer granularity. During each OFDMA transmission (uplink or downlink), a number of subcarriers are allocated to each of the users participating in the transmission.

<FIG> shows an example of a typical assignment of subcarriers to users for general OFDMA transmission. Multiple users are multiplexed in the frequency domain by assigning a number of subcarriers to each user. The assignment of subcarriers to each user may be random or in a non-orderly fashion as shown. The assignment is performed without a defined grouping logic of subcarriers assigned to a user, in other words without defined structure for grouping the subcarriers for a user. An assignment of the form shown in <FIG> is usually referred to as the map. The map needs to be propagated to all considered STAs of users indicating which subcarriers are assigned to which users. The size of the map can be large depending on the system parameters since all individual subcarriers, which are allocated to users, have to be explicitly represented in the map for the allocated symbol durations.

A more efficient scheme for assigning subcarriers in OFDMA is one that reduces the overhead related to the transmission of the map. In an embodiment, this can be achieved by providing a structured allocation of the subcarriers to users in an efficient form. This is achieved by grouping subcarriers into groups with defined structures. <FIG> shows two embodiments for grouping the subcarriers according to respective structures <NUM> and <NUM>. In structure <NUM>, each group that is assigned to a respective user includes a plurality of consecutive subcarriers. The groups may include equal numbers of subcarriers (e.g., <NUM> subcarriers at each group as shown) or different quantity of subcarriers as determined by the network. In structure <NUM>, each group assigned to a respective user includes a plurality of subcarriers dispersed in the spectrum of available subcarriers. The selection of the subcarriers can be based on some distribution function or some deterministic criteria. The subcarriers may be dispersed by a fixed offset of subcarriers (distances between the subcarriers of a group are fixed). The groups may also include equal or different numbers of subcarriers as determined by the network. The groupings of subcarriers according to the structures <NUM> and <NUM> are not random but predefined according to any suitable deterministic criteria. The term deterministic is used herein to refer to a non-random grouping approach of the subcarriers into subcarrier groups for users. Further, the AP in the WLAN is responsible for assigning subcarriers to the different subcarrier groups. In an embodiment, this assignment is communicated to associated STAs in a capability element.

With the structured subcarrier grouping, the assignment of subcarriers to users can be done in predefined groups. As such, the group indices are communicated to users (STAs) rather than the explicit assignment of each subcarrier. <FIG> shows an embodiment of this assignment. Specifically an OFDMA physical layer (PHY) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) <NUM>, is used for allocating subcarrier groups to users. The OFDMA PPDU <NUM> is sent from a WLAN AP to the considered STAs. For instance STA <NUM> is assigned subcarrier group <NUM>, STA <NUM> is assigned subcarrier group <NUM> and so on. The subcarrier groups can have structures similar to structures <NUM> or <NUM> above, or other suitable predefined structures. The OFDMA PPDU <NUM> comprises two types of preambles that precede a data portion <NUM> of the OFDMA PPDU <NUM>. The data portion <NUM> carries data for the STAs, and can be padded if the amount of data is less than a maximum size of the data portion. The maximum frame length is determined by the AP or by an OFDMA Coordination Function (OCF) for managing OFDMA resources in the WLAN.

The first preamble <NUM> is a legacy preamble that can be used to spoof legacy WLAN users that cannot participate in the OFDMA transmission. The term legacy herein is used to indicate communications, or communications pertaining to users, that do not support OFDMA transmission. Such users need to keep silence for the duration of the OFDMA transmission. This silence duration is indicated in a Legacy Signal Field (L-SIG) of the legacy preamble. The legacy preamble is transmitted in a WLAN format that is commonly referred to as non-High Throughput (non-HT) format. The Legacy preamble also includes a Legacy Short Training Field (L-STF) and a Legacy Long Training Field (L-LTF) which can be used for the synchronization and channel estimation, respectively, of the user's data portion. When there are multiple streams, there is a need to append more LTFs after the preamble depending on the number of streams.

The format of the data portion <NUM> can be different than a Legacy data portion size of an OFDM frame, for instance the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frame size for the data portion <NUM> may be larger than that of the Legacy OFDM frame data portion. In this case, and according to the invention, there is no need to use all of the subcarriers (corresponding to one OFDMA symbol) for the LTFs, that is, for training sequences. When the number of training sequences in the OFDMA PPDU <NUM> is less than the total subcarrier size for an OFDMA symbol, interpolation may be applied to get the channel estimation for the entire OFDMA symbol. In this case, the important OFDMA physical layer (PHY) parameters, including the downlink/uplink map between the training sequences may be carried without having a specific Signal (SIG) field for OFDMA PPDUs.

The second preamble <NUM> of the OFDMA PPDU <NUM> is an OFDMA preamble. The OFDMA preamble includes parameters that are relevant to the current transmission. These parameters include the coding type, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), frame length, and possibly other parameters. A STF and LTF can be used for the synchronization and channel estimation, respectively, of the user's data portion. An OFDMA SIG in the second preamble <NUM> (OFDMA preamble) may be divided into two segments, SIG A and SIG B. The segment SIG A contains general information related to the OFDMA transmission, while SIG B contains information related to each particular user. The SIG also carries the mapping of the subcarrier groups to the users.

In an embodiment, to efficiently reduce overhead for carrying the mapping information between users and subcarrier groups, a plurality of user groups are formed where each user group includes a maximum number of users, N. The number of predefined subcarrier groups is also made equal to N. For each user group, each user can be allocated one of the N subcarrier groups. Further, a user may appear in a user group more than one time to allow for the allocation of multiple subcarrier groups to a single user based on traffic requirements. Each user group is identified by a group identifier (GrpID). The GrpID needs to have a sufficient length (e.g., in number of bits) to satisfy the OFDMA design parameters, such as to allow a maximum number of users that can participate in a single OFDMA transmission. For instance, the size of the GrpID in bits is defined to allow a maximum of <NUM> or <NUM> users per user group.

<FIG> shows an embodiment of an OFDMA mapping field for subcarrier assignment, specifically between user groups (using GrpIDs) and subcarrier groups. The OFDMA mapping field can be part of the OFDMA preamble (in the SIG field) of an OFDMA PPDU as shown in <FIG>, and consists of a GrpID subfield and one or more subcarrier group (SCG) indices. The number of SCG indices in the OFDMA mapping field is equal to the number of users associated with the GrpID. Previous knowledge of the GrpID and the position of the user in the user group corresponding to the GrpID is sufficient to indicate which of the subcarrier groups is assigned to which user. The value of GrpID allows the user receiving the mapping field to determine the associated user group and hence the order of the users in that group. The subsequent sequence of subcarrier groups (SCG<NUM>, SCGr,. , SCGs) in the mapping field provides the mapping of the subcarrier groups with the users in the group indicated by the GrpID value, where the number of the indicated subcarrier groups is equal to the number of users in the indicated group. The mapping is hence a one to one mapping between the sequence of users in the group and the sequence of indicated subcarrier groups is used. In addition to the saving in the overhead related to the map transmission, this mapping approach allows for the selection of a different group of users, as indicated by the GrpID, per OFDMA transmission.

<FIG> shows an embodiment of another mapping approach using an OFDMA mapping information element (IE) for subcarrier assignment. In this approach, the transmission of the mapping information can be done using management frames by defining an IE as shown. The OFDMA mapping IE associates a STA ID (or a user ID) with a subcarrier group index. The STA ID can be a MAC address or an association ID (AID) assigned by the AP to the STA during association. Since an IE may have more bits than needed for the mapping, other subcarrier information such as modulation and coding information may also be included in the IE. While more information can be transported using this approach, users participating in the OFDMA TXOP may be limited to a fixed set of users during the entire TXOP.

<FIG> shows an embodiment of a method <NUM> for assigning subcarrier groups to users in OFDMA WLANs. At step <NUM>, the AP or an access controller (AC) of the WLAN establishes a plurality of subcarrier groups for a plurality of corresponding STAs according to a deterministic grouping structure. For instance, a plurality of consecutive subcarriers in an available bandwidth of subcarriers (e.g., <NUM>) is designated for each group that corresponds to a user, e.g., similar to the structure <NUM> above. Alternatively, for each STA, the subcarriers are distributed in the bandwidth such as no consecutive subcarriers are assigned to an STA. At step <NUM>, the assignment is signaled to the STAs, e.g., by the AP, in a data portion of an OFDMA PHY PPDU (as shown in <FIG>), using an OFDMA mapping field (as shown in <FIG>), using an OFDMA mapping IE (as shown in <FIG>), or other suitable means of mapping subcarrier groups to users. In the case of using the data portion of the OFDMA PHY PPDU, the mapping between STAs and SCGs can be explicit. In the case of using the OFDMA mapping field, the mapping is between user group IDs and a sequence of SCGs, as described above. In the case of using the OFDMA mapping IE, each user STA is explicitly mapped to a predefined subcarrier group by signaling the STAID and the subcarrier group index. When a STA or user device receives the assignment, the STA can use this information to decide which subcarrier group is assigned to it, and hence determine the subcarriers belonging to that subcarrier group for exchanging OFDMA communications.

<FIG> is a block diagram of a processing system <NUM> that can be used to implement various embodiments. For instance the processing system <NUM> can be part of a AP, a STA, or an AC in a WLAN. Specific devices may utilize all of the components shown, or only a subset of the components, and levels of integration may vary from device to device. Furthermore, a device may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processing units, processors, memories, transmitters, receivers, etc. The processing system <NUM> may comprise a processing unit <NUM> equipped with one or more input/output devices, such as a speaker, microphone, mouse, touchscreen, keypad, keyboard, printer, display, and the like. The processing unit <NUM> may include a central processing unit (CPU) <NUM>, a memory <NUM>, a mass storage device <NUM>, a video adapter <NUM>, and an I/O interface <NUM> connected to a bus. The bus may be one or more of any type of several bus architectures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, a video bus, or the like.

The memory <NUM> may comprise any type of system memory such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), a combination thereof, or the like. In embodiments, the memory <NUM> is non-transitory. The mass storage device <NUM> may comprise any type of storage device configured to store data, programs, and other information and to make the data, programs, and other information accessible via the bus. The mass storage device <NUM> may comprise, for example, one or more of a solid state drive, hard disk drive, a magnetic disk drive, an optical disk drive, or the like.

The video adapter <NUM> and the I/O interface <NUM> provide interfaces to couple external input and output devices to the processing unit. As illustrated, examples of input and output devices include a display <NUM> coupled to the video adapter <NUM> and any combination of mouse/keyboard/printer <NUM> coupled to the I/O interface <NUM>. Other devices may be coupled to the processing unit <NUM>, and additional or fewer interface cards may be utilized. For example, a serial interface card (not shown) may be used to provide a serial interface for a printer.

The processing unit <NUM> also includes one or more network interfaces <NUM>, which may comprise wired links, such as an Ethernet cable or the like, or wireless links to access nodes or one or more networks <NUM>. The network interface <NUM> allows the processing unit <NUM> to communicate with remote units via the networks <NUM>. For example, the network interface <NUM> may provide wireless communication via one or more transmitters/transmit antennas and one or more receivers/receive antennas. In an embodiment, the processing unit <NUM> is coupled to a local-area network or a wide-area network for data processing and communications with remote devices, such as other processing units, the Internet, remote storage facilities, or the like.

While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods might be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is not to be limited to the details given herein. For example, the various elements or components may be combined or integrated in another system or certain features may be omitted, or not implemented.

Claim 1:
A method for provisioning subcarriers to users for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, OFDMA, communications in a Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN, the method comprising the following steps performed by a network component:
allocating subcarrier groups to a plurality of corresponding users; and
signaling, to the users, a map of the subcarrier groups for OFDMA communications,
wherein the subcarrier groups are in accordance with a pre-defined grouping structure for the subcarriers, wherein the groupings of subcarriers are predefined according to a deterministic criterion,
wherein the map is signaled in an OFDMA physical layer Protocol Data Unit, PPDU, comprising a first preamble portion and a second preamble portion, wherein the first preamble portion is a legacy preamble in a non-High Throughput format, the first preamble portion including a Legacy Short Training Field, a Legacy Long Training Field, and a Legacy Signal Field, and the second preamble portion indicating the map for OFDMA communications;
wherein the legacy preamble, the legacy short training field, the legacy long training field, and the legacy signal field are formatted for interpretation by user devices that do not support OFDMA transmission, and
wherein the PPDU further comprises a data portion, a Fast Fourier Transform, FFT, frame size of the data portion being larger than that of a legacy OFDM frame data portion, wherein the PPDU comprises <NUM> subcarriers per <NUM> in the data portion, and
wherein the second preamble portion includes a Long Training Field, LTF, and not all the subcarriers corresponding to an OFDMA symbol are used for the LTF.