Patent Description:
To achieve sufficient coverage and capacity in a cellular network, some networks try to minimize large propagation loss of radio channels at high carrier frequencies. A resulting path loss of the radio channel is compensated for by introducing directive transmission and/or reception in the form of beamforming via large scale antenna arrays. Large scale antenna arrays lead to large antenna array gains at both a network entity and a user equipment to compensate for propagation loss, as well as losses due to other environment factors, such as rain and oxygen absorption. The gain in a base station having <NUM> antenna elements will be <NUM> decibels (dB), while the gain in a user equipment having <NUM> antenna elements will be <NUM> dB.

In order to properly exploit the full capacity of large scale antenna arrays, directivity at transmitters and receivers needs to be dynamically adjusted according to various deployment scenarios and potential changes the radio links between the transmitters and receivers. Adjusting the directivity of a large scale antenna array, however, requires a large amount of system overhead dedicated to beamforming training, beam tracking, and beam switching at a mobile device. Reducing system overhead related to beam training and tracking will involve enhancing a beam training systems to be faster and more efficient. Reference signals, and the specific design thereof, are used by the network to improve directivity and beamforming training systems.

European patent application publication number <CIT> relates to an LTE-based wireless communication system in which a Demodulation Reference Symbol (DMRS) pattern is placed in Resource Element (RE) locations which can be reserved for Common Reference Symbol (CRS) ports.

<NPL> relates to considerations on the complexity and impact on radio interface for several different potential CoMP antenna port mapping consideration.

United States patent application publication number <CIT> relates to a processor for a network element, the processor being configured to promote transmitting a first physical resource block (PRB) pair that contains a first demodulation reference signal (DMRS) pattern. The processor is further configured to promote transmitting a second PRB pair that contains a second DMRS pattern. The first DMRS pattern is a subset of the second DMRS pattern.

Certain examples may allow for a flexible, multi-functional reference signal that can provide seamless support for dynamic time-division duplex (TDD) operations. In third generation partnership project (3GPP) 5th generation (<NUM>) new radio (NR) technology, a multi-functional reference signal may be used instead of multiple different reference signals for NR operations. In some examples, therefore, a reference signal may include a default reference signal pattern with a multi-functional signal pattern. The reference signal described below can help to harmonize different reference signal types and patterns used in uplink and/or downlink. Default reference signal patterns may be a set of reference signal patterns associated with different RS types, while a multi-functional reference signal patterns may be user specific reference signal pattern, whether a user equipment or a group of users.

To facilitate the flexible configuration of different reference signal patterns and reference signal types, certain examples are associated frequency and/or time resource elements with different NR scenarios or functionality. For example, NR functionality may include channel status information acquisition, downlink beam management, data and control demodulation, phase tracking, time and/or frequency tracking, radio link monitoring, and/or radio resource management (RRM) measurement. Utilizing a multi-functional reference signal allows a user equipment or a network entity to utilize one or more of these functionalities, without using a large number of reference signals each providing for one specific functionality.

In certain examples, different resource elements, which may be time and/or frequency resources, can be used along with different reference signal patterns to allow for different functionalities. A single reference signal comprises a plurality of reference signal patterns. For example, at least one default reference signal pattern may be included in the reference signal. The default reference signal pattern may have been predetermined by a network operation, and may enable one or more functionalities. Some examples of default reference signal patterns are shown in <FIG> and <FIG>. The reference signal also includes at least one multi-functional reference signal pattern. An example of a multi-functional reference signal is shown in <FIG>. In some examples, the multi-functional reference signal pattern may be determined at least in part based on the default signal functionality reference signal pattern.

Some examples may dynamically construct or configure a multi-functional RS pattern without a default pattern. In other words, some examples a plurality of reference signals may include a multi-functional RS pattern without a default pattern. The multifunctional RS pattern may be tailored and/or fine-tuned to a specific user or set of users.

The plurality of reference signal patterns may share one or more network resource elements. A network resource element, also referred to as simply a resource element, may include a time and/or frequency resources. An orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) symbol or an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) symbol, for example, may be a resource element. In some examples, therefore, the multi-functionality reference signal pattern may share a resource element with at least one other default reference signal pattern. This means that the multi-functionality reference signal pattern may share the same OFDM symbol as one or more other default reference signal pattern.

In some examples, a network entity, such as a base station, may configure or construct at least one default reference signal pattern for user equipment downlink physical resources. The at least one default reference signal pattern may be configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. In some other examples, the network entity may configure or construct a multi-functional reference signal for downlink and/or uplink transmissions. The multi-functional reference signal may be constructed using downlink control information (DCI) and/or an uplink grant for a given user equipment (UE). In certain examples the network entity may construct the plurality of reference signal patterns.

In yet another example, a network may utilize RRC signaling to configure or construct the default reference signal pattern and/or the multi-functional reference signal pattern for user equipment downlink and/or uplink physical resources. The network may also utilize a pattern selector. The pattern selector may be a network entity used to select reference signal patterns by utilizing dynamic dedicated signaling. Default and multifunctional reference signal patterns can be coordinated between different network entities, transmission/reception points (TRP), and/or cells to limit potential interference or adapt to system load. This may allow for flexible and adaptive reference signal pattern configurations for uplink and/or downlink transmissions.

<FIG> illustrates a system according to certain examples. In particular, <FIG> illustrates an example of the operation of a multi-functional reference signal pattern framework in a system with two TRPs <NUM>, <NUM> and five UEs <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>. A TRP may be a network entity, such as a base station. In certain examples, a network entity may have assigned physical resources for different default RS patterns, as well as multi-functional patterns. Higher layer signaling may be used to help assign the physical resources, in certain examples. As can be seen in <FIG> , a first group of UEs may include first UE <NUM>, second UE <NUM>, and third UE <NUM>, and a second group of UEs may include fourth UE <NUM> and fifth UE <NUM>. The first group and the second group of UEs can be said to be two different multi-functional reference signal pattern groups.

In certain examples, UE <NUM> may perform a transmission beam switch from TRP <NUM> to TRP <NUM>. In other words, the UE <NUM> may be handed over from TRP <NUM> to TRP <NUM>. The multi-functional reference signal patterns may be coordinated between TRPs via backhauling. Without utilizing multi-functional reference patterns, a network would have to add a separate reference signal resource to accommodate for UE <NUM> switching to TRP <NUM>. The separate resource, for example, may be a <NUM>-antenna port beam management (BM) reference signal pattern for UE reception beam training and/or beam status reporting from TRP <NUM>.

By using at least one multifunctional reference signal pattern, however, certain examples can increase the number of antenna ports (APs) to which a given user equipment is assigned. Two or more antenna ports may be connected to one or more UEs. In other words, the use of a multi-functional reference pattern may allow for existing radio resources to be used more efficiently. In addition, certain examples may allow for increasing the number of resources for downlink BM reference signal patterns by leveraging resource and/or patterns associated with the reference signal.

For example, the reference signal shown in <FIG> may be a four APs downlink channel status information (CSI) reference signal pattern. The multi-functional reference signal may therefore allow for a four-port BM reference signal pattern and/or four AP downlink CSI. By sharing physical resources associated with RS patterns, two different RS types can be generated without increasing the amount of physical resources used. As a result, different RS functionalities can be enabled with same or partially same physical resources. Each reference signal may allow for at least four different APs to connect to a given network entity. In certain other examples, as shown in group <NUM> of <FIG>, a multi-functional reference signal pattern may only allow for a four AP downlink reference signal pattern, and a two AP BM reference signal pattern.

As discussed above, using the multi-functional pattern may allow for increasing the number of APs and the utilization of resources for downlink BM reference signal patterns. In some examples, dedicated downlink control using, for example, DCI downlink grant may be used to indicate multi-functional reference signal patterns for UE <NUM>, UE <NUM>, and/or UE <NUM>. By using the multi-functional reference signal pattern, the transmission of the four AP BM reference signal pattern can be configured simultaneously with the four AP downlink CSI acquisition reference signal pattern via a single reference signal. Similar to group <NUM> , multifunctional reference signal patterns may also be utilized in group <NUM>. A single reference signal may therefore allow for the use of both four AP downlink CSI acquisition for UE <NUM>, and a two AP reference pattern for downlink BM.

The multi-functional reference signal patterns are constructed to provide the user equipment and/or network entity with various functionalities. For example, a single reference signal, which includes the one or more multi-functional reference signal patterns, may include downlink BM. Downlink BM may include UE receiver or transmitter beam training and/or beam RRM. For example, the beam RRM may include reference signal received quality (RSRQ), reference signal received power (RSRP), and/or reference signal strength indicator (RSSI). The multi-functional reference signal patterns may also include uplink beam management, such as network entity transmitter or receiver beam training and/or beam measurements.

In some examples, the multi-functional reference signal pattern may include a downlink CSI acquisition. For example, the downlink CSI acquisition can include a precoding matric indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (Rl), and/or a channel quality indicator (CQI). The multi-functional reference signal pattern may also include information related to the demodulation for downlink dedicated data and control, and/or demodulation for downlink common control. In other examples, uplink channel status information acquisition and/or demodulation for uplink dedicated data control may also be included as part of the multifunctional reference signal pattern.

<FIG> illustrates a diagram of a reference signal according to certain examples. In particular, <FIG> illustrates an example of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) pattern. The examples shown in <FIG> may illustrate a default reference signal pattern. In certain examples, Diagram <NUM> or <NUM> may be an OFDM symbol. Diagram <NUM> illustrates a front loaded DMRS pattern. The pattern only occupies the second time period, which may be a subframe, a symbol, or a finite amount of time. REs <NUM>, <NUM> , <NUM>, and <NUM> each have a different frequency, and each may include different information, for example, related to the demodulation for downlink dedicated data and control or demodulation for downlink common control. The pattern of REs <NUM>, <NUM> , <NUM>, and <NUM> may repeated in order to occupy the entire frequency of a given reference signal in the second time period.

Diagram <NUM>, on the other hand, illustrates a high density DMRS pattern. In the high density DMRS pattern, two or more time periods are occupied. As shown in <FIG>, the second and the ninth time periods are both occupied. The information included in the second time period may be similar to the demodulation information shown in Diagram <NUM>. The information in time period <NUM>, however, may be at least partially different. For example, while the information included within REs <NUM>, <NUM> , and <NUM> may be similar to the information included in <NUM>, <NUM> , and <NUM>, in some examples the information included in RE <NUM> may defers from that of RE <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates a diagram of a reference signal according to certain examples. In particular, <FIG> illustrates an example of a CSI reference signal pattern. The examples shown in <FIG> may also be default reference signal patterns. Diagram <NUM> may be a uniform distribution <NUM> port CSI reference signal pattern. In other words, only <NUM> REs are occupied, and the spots are equally distributed. For example, the occupied REs including CSI are distributed in the third, sixth, ninth, and twelve time periods, meaning that the REs have two unoccupied time periods between each other. In addition, the CSI reference signal pattern only occupies the first, second, fourth, fifth, seventh, eight, tenth, and eleventh frequency REs, while the third, sixth, and ninth REs remain unoccupied.

Diagram <NUM>, on the other hand, illustrates a back loaded <NUM> port CSI reference signal. As can be seen in <FIG>, all of the occupied time REs are located in the tenth, eleventh, twelve, and thirteenth time REs. The frequency REs are occupied in a similar manner to the pattern of diagram <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates a diagram of a reference signal according to certain examples. In particular, <FIG> illustrates a multiplexing CSI reference signal and DMRS located within the same OFDM symbol. The examples shown in <FIG> may therefore be a multifunctional reference signal pattern, in which a CSI reference signal and DMRS are multiplexed within a given resource element. In other examples, any other type of reference signals may be multiplexed. As can be seen in the default reference signal patterns of <FIG> and <FIG>, no multiplexing is utilized. In other words, the OFDM symbol of a default reference signal pattern may include the same type of reference signal, while a multifunctional reference signal pattern may include two or more different types of reference signal patterns including same or different numerologies. Numerologies, for example, may be CSI or DMRS. In the multi-functional reference pattern shown in <FIG>, DMRS and CSI reference signal patterns can share the same resource element. For example, the DMRS and the CSI reference signal patterns can be located within the same OFDM symbol.

For example, the tenth resource <NUM> and eleventh resource <NUM> in <FIG> may be allocated to CSI reference signal, while the ninth resource <NUM> and eighth resource <NUM> may be allocated to DMRS. As such, any resource element may be a possible placement for any type of reference signal. In certain examples, diagram <NUM> illustrates a multi-function pattern that may be at least partially derived based on at least one default reference signal pattern. The multi-function reference signal pattern and the default reference signal pattern may share at least one resource element. In other words, the plurality of reference signal patterns may include at least one of partially overlapping or non-overlapping resource elements.

Certain examples may use pre-configured common physical resources for downlink and/or uplink of multi-functional reference signal patterns received via RRC signaling for some or all UEs for reference signal sharing for downlink and/or uplink. In some other examples, DCI may be used by the UE and/or an uplink grant provided in a dedicated downlink control channel. In certain examples, a network entity, such as a base station, may signal a UE or a group of UEs, an indication of how to construct a multi-functional reference pattern based on default reference signal patterns. The UE may use the multifunctional reference pattern to derive the locations of the REs associated with the RS pattern. The UE may then use the derived REs to perform, for example, channel estimation-based assigned RS. Additionally, the UE may utilize information relating to the structure of the RS to fine-tune the estimator parameterization of the UE, such as channel estimator parametrization.

The multi-functional reference signal pattern in frequency and/or time can be defined per AP, per group of APs, per physical resource block (PRB), and/or per set of PRBs. The set of PRBs may include consecutive or non-consecutive PRBs. The multi-functional reference pattern may define resource elements that are allocated for UE or group of UEs for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission. The resource elements may either be part of the same or different reference signal pattern configured for same and/or different UEs.

In certain examples, multi-functional reference signals patterns can be determined to be periodic or non-periodic in frequency. For example, every second frequency RE may be available for reception or transmission. In other examples, resource elements may be offset. Offsetting the resource elements may include defining a resource element starting index for multi-functional reference signal patterns in a PRB. For example, by using an offset equal to two for a first AP, the RS pattern associated with the first AP may start from a third RE. In other examples, the offsetting RE may be zero or more.

The reference signals may also include a pattern in time, where the reference signals occupy every k number of symbols in time. In certain examples, the time of the reference signal patterns may be regular or irregularity. There may also be repetition in time symbols, in which two consecutive time symbols are occupied. In some other examples, the pattern may have a symbol time offset that defines resource elements starting index for a multi-functional reference signal pattern in time.

As discussed above, <FIG> illustrates a reference signal in which a multi-functional reference signal pattern and a default reference signal pattern are included. Diagram <NUM> depicts multiplexing DMRS, zero power CSI reference signals, and data reference signals under a CSI interference measurement (CSI-IM) resource. As can be seen in Diagram <NUM>, CSI-IM <NUM>, DMRS <NUM>, and muted resource elements <NUM> , which may be zero power CSI reference signal, may overlap. CSI-IM <NUM> may include four symbols ranging from the second and third time REs and the tenth and eleventh frequency REs. As shown in Diagram <NUM>, however, DMRS <NUM> and CSI-IM <NUM> can overlap so that effective channel of the interference may be estimated directly inside the CSI-IM.

<FIG> illustrates a diagram of a reference signal according to certain examples. In particular, <FIG> illustrates a setup for a multi-point transmission that may include two or more network entities. The pattern shown in TRP1 depicts the transmission from TRP1 of DMRS <NUM>, <NUM> to a first UE. TRP2, on the other hand, illustrates transmissions from TRP2 of CSI reference signals to a second UE. While <FIG> illustrates default reference signal patterns, other examples may include multi-functional reference signal patterns.

As can be seen in <FIG>, TRP2 is muting resources elements that are used for the first UE in TRP2. In certain examples, because muting may involve not transmitting scheduled CSI reference signals, TRP2 may switch or shift the CSI reference signal pattern to another available time RE or time RE. For example, the resources in the ninth time RE <NUM> may be shifted to the eighth time RE <NUM>. This allows for dynamically modifying reference signal patterns that allow for multi-functioning reference signals to be transmitted and/or received.

<FIG> illustrates a flow diagram according to certain examples. In particular, <FIG> illustrates an example of a network entity, such as a base station. In step <NUM>, the network entity may group the resource elements into a plurality of reference signal patterns. The plurality of reference signal patterns may include at least one of partially overlapping or non-overlapping resource elements. For example, the reference signal patterns may be included within a single OFDM symbol. The plurality of reference signal patterns may be constructed dynamically for a specific user or group of users. The resource elements may be grouped of two or more different reference signal patterns of the plurality of reference signal patterns to ensure that the resource elements do not overlap or at least partially overlap.

In step <NUM>, the network entity constructs a reference signal including a plurality of reference signal patterns. The reference signal patterns may a multi-functional signal pattern for at least one of uplink or downlink. In certain examples, the network entity may coordinate the plurality of radio signal patterns between at least one of one or more cells or one or more TRPs. The plurality of radio signal patterns may be coordinated so as to mute at least a part of the resource elements to prevent interference of the radio signal patterns between the TRPs. The network entity, in some examples, may also construct dynamically a selection pattern between the plurality of reference signal patterns. The UE may use such selection pattern to select an appropriate reference signal pattern.

In step <NUM>, the reference signal is sent from the base station to the UE. The UE may then use the reference signal, and the plurality of radio signal patterns included therein, to determine a functionality of the user equipment based on the reference signal.

<FIG> illustrates a flow diagram according to certain examples. In particular <FIG> illustrates an example of a user equipment. In step <NUM>, the user equipment may receive from a base station a reference signal comprising a plurality of reference signal patterns. The plurality of reference signal patterns may comprise a multi-functional signal pattern at least for one of uplink or downlink. The plurality of reference signal patterns may include at least one of partially overlapping or non-overlapping resource elements. In certain examples, the UE may also receive a dynamic selection pattern for the plurality of reference signal patterns, as shown in step <NUM>. The plurality of reference signal patterns may be constructed dynamically for a specific user or group of users. The dynamic selection pattern may be used to select one of the plurality of reference signal patterns based on the dynamic selection pattern, as shown in step <NUM>.

In step <NUM>, the user equipment determines a functionality of the user equipment based on the reference signal. The functionality includes functionality at least one of downlink beam management, uplink beam management, cell specific identification acquisition, demodulation for downlink dedicated data and control, demodulation for downlink common control, uplink cell specific identification acquisition, and/or demodulation for uplink dedicated data and control. The handover of the user equipment may be initiated to another base station. Upon being moved to another base station, the multi-functional reference signal pattern may be used to determine UE functionality without adding the separate radio signal resource.

<FIG> illustrates a system according to certain examples. It should be understood that each signal or block in <FIG> may be implemented by various means or their combinations, such as hardware, software, firmware, one or more processors and/or circuitry. In one example, a system may include several devices, such as, for example, network entity <NUM> or UE <NUM>. The system may include more than one UE <NUM> and more than one network entity <NUM>, although only one access node shown for the purposes of illustration. The network entity may be a base station, network node, an access node, a <NUM> NB or <NUM> BTS, a TRP, a server, a host, or any of the other access or network nodes discussed herein.

Each of these devices may include at least one processor or control unit or module, respectively indicated as <NUM> and <NUM>. At least one memory may be provided in each device, and indicated as <NUM> and <NUM>, respectively. The memory may include computer program instructions or computer code contained therein. One or more transceiver <NUM> and <NUM> may be provided, and each device may also include an antenna, respectively illustrated as <NUM> and <NUM>. Although only one antenna each is shown, many antennas and multiple antenna elements may be provided to each of the devices. Other configurations of these devices, for example, may be provided. For example, network entity <NUM> and UE <NUM> may be additionally configured for wired communication, in addition to wireless communication, and in such a case antennas <NUM> and <NUM> may illustrate any form of communication hardware, without being limited to merely an antenna.

Transceivers <NUM> and <NUM> may each, independently, be a transmitter, a receiver, or both a transmitter and a receiver, or a unit or device that may be configured both for transmission and reception. The transmitter and/or receiver (as far as radio parts are concerned) may also be implemented as a remote radio head which is not located in the device itself, but in a mast, for example. The operations and functionalities may be performed in different entities, such as nodes, hosts or servers, in a flexible manner. In other words, division of labor may vary case by case. One possible use is to make a network node deliver local content. One or more functionalities may also be implemented as virtual application(s) in software that can run on a server.

A user device or user equipment <NUM> may be a mobile station (MS) such as a mobile phone or smart phone or multimedia device, a computer, such as a tablet, provided with wireless communication capabilities, personal data or digital assistant (PDA) provided with wireless communication capabilities, portable media player, digital camera, pocket video camera, navigation unit provided with wireless communication capabilities or any combinations thereof. In other examples, the user equipment may be replaced with a machine communication device that does not require any human interaction, such as a sensor, meter, or robot.

In some examples, an apparatus, such as a network entity, may include means for carrying out examples described above in relation to <FIG>. In certain examples, at least one memory including computer program code can be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform any of the processes described herein.

Processors <NUM> and <NUM> may be embodied by any computational or data processing device, such as a central processing unit (CPU), digital signal processor (DSP), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digitally enhanced circuits, or comparable device or a combination thereof. The processors may be implemented as a single controller, or a plurality of controllers or processors.

For firmware or software, the implementation may include modules or unit of at least one chip set (for example, procedures, functions, and so on). Memories <NUM><NUM> and <NUM> may independently be any suitable storage device, such as a non-transitory computer- readable medium. A hard disk drive (HDD), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, or other suitable memory may be used. The memories may be combined on a single integrated circuit as the processor, or may be separate therefrom. Furthermore, the computer program instructions may be stored in the memory and which may be processed by the processors can be any suitable form of computer program code, for example, a compiled or interpreted computer program written in any suitable programming language. The memory or data storage entity is typically internal but may also be external or a combination thereof, such as in the case when additional memory capacity is obtained from a service provider. The memory may be fixed or removable.

The memory and the computer program instructions may be configured, with the processor for the particular device, to cause a hardware apparatus such as network entity <NUM> or UE <NUM>, to perform any of the processes described above (see, for example, <FIG>). Therefore, in certain examples, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may be encoded with computer instructions or one or more computer program (such as added or updated software routine, applet or macro) that, when executed in hardware, may perform a process such as one of the processes described herein. Computer programs may be coded by a programming language, which may be a high- level programming language, such as objective-C, C, C++, C#, Java, etc., or a low-level programming language, such as a machine language, or assembler. Alternatively, certain examples may be performed entirely in hardware.

Furthermore, although <FIG> illustrates a system including a network entity <NUM> and UE <NUM>, certain examples may be applicable to other configurations, and configurations involving additional elements, as illustrated and discussed herein. For example, multiple user equipment devices and multiple network entities may be present, or other nodes providing similar functionality, such as nodes that combine the functionality of a user equipment and a network entity, such as a relay node. The UE <NUM> may likewise be provided with a variety of configurations for communication other than communication network entity <NUM>. For example, the UE <NUM> may be configured for device-to-device or machine-to-machine communication.

The above examples provide for improvements to the functioning of a network and/or to the functioning of the network entities within the network, or the user equipment communicating with the network. Specifically, certain examples allow for different reference signals patterns with different functionalities that can be flexibly and adaptively configured for a user equipment and/or group of UEs simultaneously in uplink and/or downlink. As discussed above, by using multi-functional reference signal patterns, transmission efficiency and radio resource utilization can be enhanced. In addition, overhead related to support of different radio signal pattern may be minimized, therefore removing the number of resources in the network dedicated for different radio signals.

In certain examples, allowing for multiplexing of different reference signal patterns within a shared resource element, such as in the same symbol or set of OFDM symbols, may minimize or decrease process latency associated with different reference signals. Further, the above examples can also allow for the efficient leveraging of advances receivers at the user equipment.

The features, structures, or characteristics of certain examples described throughout this specification may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more examples. For example, the usage of the phrases "certain examples," "some examples," "other examples," or other similar language, throughout this specification refers to the fact that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the example may be included in at least one example of the present invention. Thus, appearance of the phrases "in certain examples," "in some examples," "in other examples," or other similar language, throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same group of examples, and the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more examples.

Claim 1:
A method performed by a base station, comprising:
constructing (<NUM>) at the base station (<NUM>) a plurality of reference signal patterns comprising a multi-functional reference signal pattern for at least one of uplink or downlink, wherein the multi-functional reference signal pattern includes two or more different types of reference signal patterns, with different functionalities, including same or different numerologies, the multi-functional reference signal pattern defining user-specific resources for a user equipment or a group of user equipment, wherein the two or more different types of reference signal patterns comprise non-overlapping resource elements, and wherein the two or more different types of reference signal patterns are constructed for a specific user or group of users using dynamic dedicated signalling; and
sending, from the base station (<NUM>) to a user equipment (<NUM>) , (<NUM>) a reference signal, according to the multi-functional reference signal pattern, for enabling the user equipment to determine a functionality, wherein the functionality comprises at least one of downlink beam management, uplink beam management, cell specific identification acquisition, and/or uplink cell specific identification acquisition.