Patent Description:
For beam-forming of mmWave signals, the antenna array required can become too large to be covered by one die. Therefore, it is known for a package to contain multiple dies to control an antenna array. It is also known to place two or more packages close together on a printed circuit board, each package comprising an antenna sub-array, to form a larger antenna array. To increase the capacity some of the antenna sub-arrays may operate in a horizontal polarization, and other antenna sub-arrays may operate in a vertical polarization.

Typically, antenna arrays or sub-arrays operating in a vertical polarization require a different die to the antenna arrays or sub-arrays operating in a horizontal polarization. This is because the layout of the connections in the package, such as the antenna feed lines and transmission lines, have a different layout depending on the antenna polarization, which then requires a different layout for the die terminals.

Any asymmetry or irregularities between dies or between packages in the array can result in RF loses and reduced performance of the array. In addition, differences between the dies or packages required for different polarizations increases manufacturing time and costs.

Examples of scalable phase array packages With a multi-integrated circuit chip and/or a transmission line combiner integrated in a package substrate are described in <CIT>. Examples of dual polarized antennae are described in <CIT>, <CIT> and <CIT>.

Aspects of the present disclosure are set out in the accompanying independent and dependent claims. Combinations of features from the dependent claims may be combined with features of the independent claims as appropriate and not merely as explicitly set out in the claims.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an integrated circuit comprising a package, a phased antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements, and a die contained within the package. The die comprises a plurality of unit cells, wherein each unit cell is divided into quadrants, and each quadrant comprises a receiver terminal located on a first axis of the quadrant, and a transmitter terminal located on a second axis of the quadrant, wherein the first axis is orthogonal to the second axis, and wherein the location of the receiver terminal and the transmitter terminal in the nearest neighbour quadrants in a given unit cell has mirror symmetry. The package comprises a plurality of pairs of feed lines, each pair of feed lines comprising a receiver feed line and a transmitter feed line, wherein the receiver feed line is connected to one of the receiver terminals and the transmitter feed line is connected to the transmitter terminal in the same quadrant of the die, wherein the receiver feed line is orthogonal to the transmitter feed line. Each antenna element of the phased antenna array is coupled to a respective pair of feed lines to drive a receiver channel and a transmitter channel.

It will be appreciated that the quadrants of each unit cell of the die could be any shape. They are not limited to being square or rectangular.

The nearest neighbour quadrants to a given quadrant are the quadrants that are adjacent to the quadrant, not including those quadrants that are diagonally adjacent.

The first axis and the second axis in the nearest neighbour quadrants in a given unit cell may have mirror symmetry.

The term 'package' may be used interchangeably with `integrated circuit package' throughout this disclosure.

The phased antenna array may be contained within the package, thus the package may be an antenna-in-package (AiP) package or a launcher-in-package (LiP) package. In other embodiments, the phased antenna array may be provided externally to the package. The package may be an antenna-on-package (AoP) package, or the antenna array may be attached to the package as a package-on-package (PoP).

Optionally, the phased antenna array may comprise a patch antenna array, such that each antenna element may comprise a patch antenna. However, any type of phased antenna array may be used.

Optionally, each antenna element is aligned with a respective one of the quadrants of the die.

Each receiver feed line may be connected to the respective receiver terminal on the die by a strip line connection, or other electrical connection. Each transmitter feed line may be connected to the respective transmitter terminal on the die by a strip line connection, or other electrical connection.

The plurality of pairs of feed lines may have a first configuration and a second configuration. The configuration of the feed lines may be fixed during manufacture of the package, such that the feed lines are not reconfigurable during use of the integrated circuit. Optionally, in the first configuration, the receiver channel may have a horizontal polarization and the transmitter channel may have a vertical polarization. In the second configuration, the receiver channel may have a vertical polarization and the transmitter channel may have a horizontal polarization.

Thus, the die terminals remain in the same fixed position regardless of whether the antenna feed lines in the package are in the first configuration or the second configuration.

Optionally, in the first configuration each pair of feed lines is rotated relative to the second configuration. In some embodiments each pair of feed lines may be rotated by <NUM>° between the first and second configurations.

In the first configuration, each receiver feed line may be rotated <NUM>° about the respective receiver die terminal relative to the position of the receiver feed line in the second configuration. In the first configuration, each transmitter feed line may be rotated <NUM>° about the respective transmitter die terminal relative to the position of the transmitter feed line in the second configuration.

Optionally, in the first configuration each receiver feed line may have a horizontal orientation and each transmitter feed line may have a vertical orientation. Optionally, in the second configuration each receiver feed line may have a vertical orientation and each transmitter feed line may have a horizontal orientation.

Optionally, the package comprises a plurality of unit cells and each unit cell is divided into quadrants. Each quadrant may comprise one of the pairs of feed lines, and each unit cell of the package may overlay a respective unit cell of the die.

The orientation of the pair of feed lines in the nearest neighbour quadrants in each unit cell of the package may have mirror symmetry.

Each pair of feed lines may be rotated about a centre of the quadrant between the first configuration and the second configuration.

In the first configuration, each pair of feed lines may be rotated <NUM>° in the opposite direction to the nearest neighbour quadrant in the unit cell of the package, relative to the second configuration.

For example, the pair of feed lines in the first quadrant and the third quadrant of a given unit cell of the package may be rotated <NUM>° anti-clockwise in the second configuration relative to the first configuration. The pair of feed lines in the second quadrant and the fourth quadrant of the same unit cell may be rotated <NUM>° clockwise in the second configuration relative to the first configuration.

Optionally, the first axis and the second axis are each axes of symmetry of the die quadrant. Optionally, the first axis and the second axis are each diagonal axes.

Optionally, in each quadrant of the die the receiver terminal and the transmitter terminal are aligned along a third axis. In some embodiments, the third axis may be at an angle of <NUM>° relative to the first axis and the second axis.

Each unit cell of the die may comprise a first quadrant, a second quadrant, a third quadrant and a fourth quadrant. The layout (or numbering) of the quadrants follows standard mathematical convention, as shown in <FIG> of the drawings. In each unit cell there may be mirror symmetry between: the first quadrant and the second quadrant; the second quadrant and the third quadrant; the third quadrant and the fourth quadrant; and the fourth quadrant and the first quadrant.

Optionally, the die is configured to apply a phase shift, such as a <NUM> degree phase shift, to a signal processed by the receiver channel and/or the transmitter channel of the antenna array. The die may comprise a phase shifter circuit.

In some embodiments, a plurality of dies may be contained or mounted in the package. Each die comprises at least one unit cell, wherein each unit cell is divided into quadrants, and each quadrant comprises a receiver terminal located on a first axis of the quadrant, and a transmitter terminal located on a second axis of the quadrant, wherein the first axis is orthogonal to the second axis, and wherein the location of the receiver terminal and the transmitter terminal in the nearest neighbour quadrants in the unit cell has mirror symmetry.

Optionally, the plurality of dies may be identical. Each of the dies may be as described above in any embodiment of the disclosure.

Optionally, in each pair of feed lines the receiver feed line has the same dimensions as the transmitter feed line.

Optionally, each receiver feed line has the same dimensions as each transmitter feed line.

Optionally, the integrated circuit may comprise a plurality of packages, wherein the packages are as described in any embodiment of the disclosure.

In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a semiconductor device, comprising a plurality of integrated circuits arranged to form an array, wherein each integrated circuit is as defined in any embodiment or example of the first aspect of the invention.

Alternatively, each integrated circuit may be referred to as a multi-package module, wherein each multi-package module comprises a plurality of packages.

The array of integrated circuits may comprise a plurality of columns and a plurality of rows.

In some embodiments, in each integrated circuit in a first column of the array, each pair of antenna feed lines may be in the first configuration, such that the antenna arrays have a first polarization. In each integrated circuit in a second column of the array adjacent to the first column, each pair of antenna feed lines may be in the second configuration, such that the antenna arrays have a second polarization.

In some embodiments, in each integrated circuit in a first row of the array each pair of antenna feed lines may be in the first configuration, such that the antenna arrays have a first polarization. In each integrated circuit in a second row of the array adjacent to the first row, each pair of antenna feed lines may be in the second configuration, such that the antenna arrays have a second polarization.

In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of manufacturing an integrated circuit. The method comprises providing a die, wherein the die comprises a plurality of unit cells, wherein each unit cell is divided into quadrants, and each quadrant comprises a receiver terminal located on a first axis of the quadrant, and a transmitter terminal located on a second axis of the quadrant, wherein the first axis is orthogonal to the second axis, wherein the location of the receiver terminal and the transmitter terminal in the nearest neighbour quadrants in the unit cell has mirror symmetry. The method further includes providing a phased antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements, and assembling a package, wherein assembling the package comprises: encasing the die in the package, providing a plurality of pairs of feed lines, each pair of feed lines comprising a receiver feed line and a transmitter feed line, connecting the receiver feed line to one of the receiver terminals and connecting the transmitter feed line to the transmitter terminal in the same quadrant of the die, wherein the receiver feed line is orthogonal to the transmitter feed line; and coupling each antenna element of the phased antenna array to a respective pair of feed lines to drive a receiver channel and a transmitter channel.

Optionally, the method may include providing a plurality of dies and encasing the plurality of dies in the package, wherein each of the dies are as described above. The plurality of dies may be identical.

Optionally, the method may be a method of manufacturing an integrated circuit according to any embodiment of the present disclosure.

In a further aspect, the present disclosure may provide a semiconductor die configured for beamforming a phased antenna array, the die comprising a plurality of unit cells, wherein each unit cell is divided into quadrants, and each quadrant comprises: a receiver terminal located on a first axis of the quadrant; and a transmitter terminal located on a second axis of the quadrant, wherein the first axis is orthogonal to the second axis, wherein the receiver terminal and the transmitter terminal are configured to be connected to an antenna element of a phased antenna array; and wherein the location of the receiver terminal and transmitter terminal in adjacent quadrants of the unit cell has mirror symmetry.

The term `nearest neighbour' may equivalently be used instead of 'adjacent'.

It will be appreciated that the die may be as defined in any above example or embodiment of the disclosure.

Illustrative embodiments of this disclosure will be described hereinafter, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like reference signs relate to like elements and in which:.

Embodiments of this disclosure are described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be appreciated that the drawings are schematic illustrations and are not drawn to scale.

<FIG> is a diagram showing a circle and a square divided into quadrants by two orthogonal axes. Thus, as shown, quadrants do not have to be square in shape. This diagram is provided to show the standard numbering convention for quadrants. By convention, the top-right quadrant is the first quadrant, <NUM>, the top-left quadrant is the second quadrant, <NUM>, the bottom-left quadrant is the third quadrant, <NUM>, and the bottom-right quadrant is the fourth quadrant, <NUM>. This numbering convention will be adhered to throughout the present disclosure.

<FIG> is a schematic representation of a die <NUM> according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The die <NUM> may be a beamforming chip. The die <NUM> is divided into a plurality of unit cells <NUM>. Each unit cell <NUM> may be the same size and shape. It will be appreciated that although <FIG> shows the die <NUM> comprising a <NUM> x <NUM> array of unit cells, this is not limiting. The die <NUM> may comprise any number of unit cells <NUM>.

<FIG> is a close-up of one of the unit cells <NUM> of the die <NUM>. The unit cell <NUM> may be considered to be divided into four quadrants, a first quadrant <NUM>, a second quadrant <NUM>, a third quadrant <NUM> and a fourth quadrant <NUM>. It will be appreciated that the lines dividing the unit cell <NUM> into quadrants may be mathematical constructs, as no physical barrier or division may be present. The nearest neighbour quadrants in a unit cell are the quadrants that are immediately adjacent to a given quadrant. For example, for the first quadrant <NUM> the nearest neighbour quadrants are the second quadrant <NUM> and the fourth quadrant <NUM>, but not the third quadrant <NUM>.

As shown in <FIG>, each quadrant comprises a receiver terminal <NUM> and a transmitter terminal <NUM>. Each receiver terminal <NUM> is a coaxial input connection for the receiver channel of an antenna element, and each transmitter terminal <NUM> is a coaxial output connection for the transmitter channel of an antenna element.

In each quadrant <NUM>-<NUM>, the receiver terminal <NUM> is located on a first axis A and the transmitter terminal <NUM> is located on a second axis B. The first axis A is orthogonal to the second axis B. In this embodiment, the first axis A and the second axis B are diagonal axes. In each quadrant <NUM>-<NUM>, the receiver terminal <NUM> and the transmitter terminal <NUM> are also aligned along a third axis C of the quadrant, wherein the third axis C intersects the first axis A and the second axis B. In this embodiment, the third axis C is at an angle of around <NUM>° relative to the first axis A and the second axis B. It will be appreciated that the first axis A, the second axis B and the third axis C are mathematical constructs.

As shown in <FIG>, the location of the receiver terminal <NUM> and transmitter terminal <NUM> is not the same in each quadrant <NUM>-<NUM> of the unit cell <NUM>. In other words, the orientation of the first axis A and the second axis B is not the same in all quadrants of the unit cell <NUM>.

There is mirror symmetry between the position of the receiver terminal <NUM> and the transmitter terminal <NUM> in the first quadrant <NUM> and the nearest neighbour quadrants <NUM> and <NUM> of the unit cell <NUM>. There is mirror symmetry between the position of the receiver terminal <NUM> and the transmitter terminal <NUM> in the second quadrant <NUM> and the nearest neighbour quadrants <NUM> and <NUM> of the unit cell <NUM>. There is mirror symmetry between the position of the receiver terminal <NUM> and the transmitter terminal <NUM> in the third quadrant <NUM> and the nearest neighbour quadrants <NUM> and <NUM> of the unit cell <NUM>. There is mirror symmetry between the position of the receiver terminal <NUM> and the transmitter terminal <NUM> in the fourth quadrant <NUM> and the nearest neighbour quadrants <NUM> and <NUM> of the unit cell <NUM>.

The orientation of the first axis A and the second axis B in the nearest neighbour quadrants of the unit cell <NUM> therefore has mirror symmetry.

<FIG> is a schematic representation of a package <NUM>. In this embodiment the package comprises a chip <NUM> such as an up-down-converter (UDC) and a plurality of unit cells <NUM>. To form an integrated circuit, at least one die <NUM> is mounted in the package <NUM>. The package <NUM> may include an antenna array, or an antenna array may be attached to the package <NUM>. When the die <NUM> is mounted in the package <NUM> each unit cell <NUM> of the die may be aligned with a unit cell <NUM> of the package. Alternatively, the package <NUM> may be configured to contain multiple dies <NUM>. Each die <NUM> may comprise a plurality of unit cells <NUM>. For example, referring to <FIG>, instead of a single die <NUM> comprising sixteen unit cells, the package may comprise an array of four dies <NUM> (e.g. a <NUM> x <NUM> array), each die <NUM> comprising four unit cells <NUM>. Each unit cell <NUM> of the package may be aligned with one of the die unit cells <NUM>.

<FIG> shows a close-up of one of the package unit cells <NUM> in a first configuration. The first axis A and second axis B of the die quadrants are shown in <FIG> to clarify how the package unit cell <NUM> aligns with the corresponding die unit cell <NUM>. The package unit cell <NUM> may be considered to be divided into four quadrants, a first quadrant <NUM>, a second quadrant <NUM>, a third quadrant <NUM> and a fourth quadrant <NUM>. It will be appreciated that the lines dividing the unit cell <NUM> into quadrants may be mathematical constructs, as no physical barrier or division may be present between quadrants.

Each quadrant <NUM>-<NUM> of the unit cell <NUM> comprises a pair of feed lines, wherein each pair of feed lines comprises a receiver feed line <NUM> and a transmitter feed line <NUM>. In each pair, the receiver feed line <NUM> is orthogonal to the transmitter feed line <NUM>.

Each receiver feed line <NUM> is configured to be connected to one of the receiver terminals <NUM> of the die and each transmitter feed line <NUM> is configured to be connected to one of the transmitter terminals <NUM> of the die. As shown in <FIG>, each feed line is coupled to a connector <NUM>, for example a strip line connector <NUM>. The connectors <NUM> connect the feed lines <NUM>, <NUM> to the respective die terminal <NUM>, <NUM>.

In use, a phased antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements <NUM> is either embedded in, or connected to, the package <NUM>. The phase antenna array may be a patch antenna array. When the integrated circuit is fully assembled, each antenna element <NUM>, such as a patch antenna, may be aligned with one of the quadrants of the package unit cell <NUM>, and consequently also aligned with one of the quadrants of the die unit cells <NUM>. In <FIG>, an outline of the antenna elements <NUM> is illustrated, to show how the antenna array aligns overlays the package unit cells <NUM>. Each pair of feed lines <NUM>, <NUM> is arranged to be connected to a respective one of the antenna elements <NUM>. Thus, the receiver feed lines <NUM> drive a receiver channel of the phased antenna array and the transmitter feed lines <NUM> drive a transmitter channel of the phased antenna array.

In <FIG> the feed lines <NUM>, <NUM> are shown in a first configuration, wherein the receiver feed lines <NUM> are orientated for horizontal polarization of the antenna array receiver channel and the transmitter feed lines <NUM> are orientated for vertical polarization of the antenna array transmitter channel.

There is mirror symmetry between the orientation of the pair of feed lines <NUM>, <NUM> in the nearest neighbour quadrants of the unit cell <NUM>. Thus, as shown in <FIG>, there is mirror symmetry between: the first quadrant <NUM> and the second quadrant <NUM>; the second quadrant <NUM> and the third quadrant <NUM>; the third quadrant <NUM> and the fourth quadrant <NUM>; and the fourth quadrant <NUM> and the first quadrant <NUM>.

It may be preferable for the receiver feed line <NUM>, transmitter feed line <NUM>, and connectors <NUM> to have the same dimensions in each quadrant <NUM>-<NUM> of the unit cell <NUM>. This may provide symmetry and reduce irregularities, improving performance of the antenna array.

It will be appreciated that <FIG> is a schematic illustration and so the feed lines <NUM>, <NUM> and the connectors <NUM> may not be contained in just a single layer of the package <NUM>.

<FIG> shows the package unit cell <NUM> of <FIG> overlaying a unit cell <NUM> of the (or a) die <NUM> (i.e. when the or each die <NUM> has been mounted in the package <NUM>). As shown, each receiver feed line <NUM> is connected to a respective one of the receiver terminals <NUM> by a connector <NUM>. Each transmitter feed line <NUM> is connected to a respective one of the transmitter terminals <NUM> by a connector <NUM>.

<FIG> shows a package unit cell <NUM> in a second configuration. In the second configuration the receiver feed lines <NUM> are orientated for vertical polarization of the antenna array receiver channel and the transmitter feed lines <NUM> are orientated for horizontal polarization of the antenna array transmitter channel.

In the second configuration, the orientation of each pair of feed lines <NUM>, <NUM> has been rotated relative to the first configuration (shown in <FIG>). In the first quadrant <NUM> and the third quadrant <NUM> the pair of feed lines have been rotated <NUM>° clockwise about the centre of the quadrant from the first configuration to arrive at the second configuration. In the second quadrant <NUM> and the fourth quadrant <NUM> the pair of feed lines have been rotated <NUM>° anti-clockwise about the centre of the quadrant from the first configuration to arrive at the second configuration. However, there is still mirror symmetry between the nearest neighbour quadrants in the second configuration, as there is in the first configuration.

The rotation of the feed lines <NUM>, <NUM> can, in some embodiments, just require changes to the construction of a single layer in the package <NUM> during the package manufacturing process. This is quite a straightforward, and therefore efficient and relatively inexpensive modification to the package.

<FIG> shows the package unit cell <NUM> of <FIG> overlaying a unit cell <NUM> of the (or a) die <NUM> (i.e. when the or each die <NUM> has been mounted in the package <NUM>). As shown, each receiver feed line <NUM> is connected to a respective one of the receiver terminals <NUM> by the corresponding connector <NUM>. Each transmitter feed line <NUM> is connected to a respective one of the transmitter terminals <NUM> by the corresponding connector <NUM>.

A comparison between <FIG> and <FIG> shows that the die terminals <NUM>, <NUM> are in the same position, thus the same die(s) can be used when the package feed lines are in the first configuration or in the second configuration. This can improve the cost and efficiency of manufacturing integrated circuits or packages, as the same die can be used for different antenna polarizations.

Optionally, the die <NUM> comprises a phase shifter circuit (not shown). The phase shifter circuit may be configured to selectively apply a phase shift to a signal processed by the receiver channel (i.e. the receiver feed lines) and/or the transmitter channel (i.e. the transmitter feed lines) of the antenna array. In some embodiments, the phase shifter circuit may only be activated in one of the first configuration or the second configuration. For example, in the second configuration as shown in <FIG> the die <NUM> may apply a <NUM>° phase shift to signals processed by the transmitter channel.

<FIG> shows a first package <NUM> comprising a plurality of unit cells <NUM> and a UDC <NUM> (as shown in <FIG>) and a second package <NUM> comprising a plurality of unit cells <NUM> and a UDC <NUM>. The second package <NUM> may be identical to the first package <NUM>. The first package <NUM> is mounted adjacent to the second package <NUM> to form a multi-package module <NUM>. The second package <NUM> may be rotated <NUM>° relative to the first package <NUM>. Equivalently, the multi-package module may be referred to as an integrated circuit <NUM> comprising a first package <NUM> and a second package <NUM>. Thus, the antenna array of the first package <NUM> and the second package <NUM> (not shown) may be sub-arrays that together form a larger antenna array.

Methods of forming a multi-package module <NUM> from at least a first package and a second package are described in detail in European patent application no.

The feed lines <NUM>, <NUM> of the first package <NUM> and the second package <NUM> may be in the same configuration. For example, both packages may be in the first configuration, or the second configuration.

<FIG> shows a schematic illustration of a semiconductor device <NUM> comprising a <NUM> x <NUM> array of integrated circuits <NUM>-<NUM>. Each integrated circuit <NUM>-<NUM> may comprise a package <NUM>, at least one die <NUM> and a phased antenna array as described above (not shown). It will be appreciated that the array may be of any size. In some embodiments, each integrated circuit <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> in the first column of the array may have a first polarization, and each integrated circuit <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> in the second column of the array may have a second polarization. For example, in each integrated circuit <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> in the first column the pairs of feed lines <NUM>, <NUM> in the packages may be in the first configuration (as in <FIG>), and in each integrated circuit <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> in the second column the pairs of feed lines <NUM>, <NUM> in the packages may be in the second configuration (as in <FIG>), or vice versa. This may increase the capacity of the overall antenna array. The plurality of dies <NUM> in each integrated circuit may be identical.

Alternatively, each integrated circuit <NUM>-<NUM> may be a multi-package module comprising at least a first and second package, as shown in <FIG>.

<FIG> shows a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a semiconductor device <NUM>. The semiconductor device <NUM> comprises a <NUM> x <NUM> array of integrated circuits or multi-pack modules <NUM>-<NUM>.

In some embodiments, each integrated circuit <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> in the first row of the array may have a first polarization and each integrated circuit <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> in the second row of the array may have a second polarization. For example, in each integrated circuit <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> in the first row the pairs of feed lines <NUM>, <NUM> in the packages may be in the first configuration (as in <FIG>), and in each integrated circuit <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> in the second row the pairs of feed lines <NUM>, <NUM> in the packages may be in the second configuration (as in <FIG>), or vice versa. This may increase the capacity of the overall antenna array. The plurality of dies <NUM> in each integrated circuit may be identical.

The present disclosure may reduce irregularities and asymmetry in arrays formed of multiple integrated circuits, for example as shown in <FIG> and <FIG>. This is because the same die can be used in the integrated circuits regardless of the polarization required by the antenna array. In addition, allowing the same die to be used in different package configurations reduces costs and improves efficiency of the manufacturing process.

Accordingly, there has been described an integrated circuit comprising a package, a phased antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements and a die contained within the package. The die comprises a plurality of unit cells, wherein each unit cell is divided into quadrants, and each quadrant comprises a receiver terminal located on a first axis of the quadrant; and a transmitter terminal located on a second axis of the quadrant, wherein the first axis is orthogonal to the second axis, wherein there is mirror symmetry between the nearest neighbour quadrants in the unit cell. The package comprises a plurality of pairs of feed lines, each pair of feed lines comprising a receiver feed line and a transmitter feed line, wherein the receiver feed line is connected to one of the receiver terminals and the transmitter feed line is connected to the transmitter terminal in the same quadrant of the die, wherein the receiver feed line is orthogonal to the transmitter feed line. Each antenna element of the phased antenna array is coupled to a respective pair of feed lines to drive a receiver channel and a transmitter channel of the phased antenna array.

Claim 1:
An integrated circuit comprising:
a package (<NUM>);
a phased antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements (<NUM>); and
a die (<NUM>) contained within the package (<NUM>);
wherein the die (<NUM>) comprises a plurality of unit cells (<NUM>), wherein each unit cell (<NUM>) is divided into quadrants (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), and each quadrant comprises:
a receiver terminal (<NUM>) located on a first axis (A) of the quadrant; and
a transmitter terminal (<NUM>) located on a second axis (B) of the quadrant, wherein the first axis (A) is orthogonal to the second axis (B),
wherein there is mirror symmetry between the nearest neighbour quadrants in the unit cell (<NUM>);
wherein the package (<NUM>) comprises:
a plurality of pairs of feed lines, each pair of feed lines comprising a receiver feed line (<NUM>) and a transmitter feed line (<NUM>), wherein the receiver feed line (<NUM>) is connected to one of the receiver terminals (<NUM>) and the transmitter feed line (<NUM>) is connected to the transmitter terminal (<NUM>) in the same quadrant of the die (<NUM>), wherein the receiver feed line (<NUM>) is orthogonal to the transmitter feed line (<NUM>); and
wherein each antenna element (<NUM>) of the phased antenna array is coupled to a respective pair of feed lines (<NUM>, <NUM>) to drive a receiver channel and a transmitter channel.