Patent Description:
This disclosure relates to establishing fluidic connections between chromatography components.

Chromatography is a set of techniques for separating a mixture into its constituents. Generally, in a liquid chromatography analysis, a pump system takes in and delivers a mixture of liquid solvents (and/or other fluids) to a sample manager, where a sample awaits injection into the solvents. The sample is the material under analysis. Examples of samples include complex mixtures of proteins, protein precursors, protein fragments, reaction products, and other compounds, to list but a few. In an isocratic chromatography application, the composition of the liquid solvents remains unchanged, whereas in a gradient chromatography application, the solvent composition varies over time. The mobile phase, comprised of a sample dissolved in a mixture of solvents (and/or other fluids), moves to a point of use, such as a column, which includes a packing material referred to as the stationary phase.

By passing the mobile phase through the column, the various components in the sample separate from each other at different rates and thus elute from the column at different times. A detector receives the separated components from the column and produces an output from which the identity and quantity of the analytes may be determined. Temperature can influence the results of the analysis, affecting such properties as the separation performance of the column and the viscosity of a mobile phase. Therefore, maintaining an accurate constant column temperature can be important to the accuracy and reproducibility of the results.

Systems used for performing chromatography analysis often include fluidic tubing for providing fluid communication between system components. For example, chromatography systems typically include components, such as pumps, valves, columns, and detectors, that are connected together through fluidic (e.g., metallic or polymeric) tubing. The system components and the fluidic tubing are often connected using threaded fittings or bayonet fittings. Connection and disconnection of these fittings (e.g., during assembly, repair, and/or replacement) can require application of torque, e.g., by hand alone or with the use of tools, to establish a fluid tight connection. This can be time consuming, cumbersome (e.g., in cases in which multiple turns are required), and may lead to leaks and/or failure if the fittings are not threaded together properly and/or if adequate torque is not applied when the connection is made.

In modern chromatography, systems pressures are being increased and internal fluid volumes are being reduced. As a result, the reliability and seal characteristics of conventional fittings are becoming problematic. As the pressure is raised and the system internal fluid volume is reduced the fitting dead volume and sensitivity to the assemblers skill become impediments to chromatographic quality. In this regard, establishing fluid tight connections with such conventional fittings can require the use of skilled labor since it is often the case that a high degree of precision is required to ensure the connection is not only fluid tight, but is also devoid of undesirable dead volume which can lead to lost precision in the measured data.

A prior art arrangement is known from <CIT> which relates to a sealing member forming a static seal or a dynamic seal at a surface thereof, the sealing member having at least the surface thereof formed from one of Vespel SCP <NUM> or Vespel SCP <NUM>. A second arrangement is known from <CIT> which relates to a quick connect high pressure liquid chromatography fitting assembly for coupling first and second miniature analytical fluid conduits.

This disclosure arises, in part, from the realization that apparatus can be provided for connecting chromatography components (e.g., columns, guards, filters, tubes, etc.) without the use of hand tools (e.g., wrenches) or ferrules in such a way as to inhibit (e.g., prevent) carryover, dispersion, or dead volume. In some cases, a fluid tight connection (e.g., up to at least <NUM> kPa (<NUM>,<NUM> pounds per square inch)) is provided which does not require the application of torque, such as is typical of conventional fluid fittings having threaded or bayonet connections, and/or which can allow for a quick and highly repeatable connection that does not require highly skilled operators to ensure that the connection is properly established.

The present invention provides an end fitting according to claim <NUM> and illustrated in <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG>.

One aspect disclosed herein, not independently claimed, is a clamp assembly that includes a rail configured to receive a first fluidic assembly, and a carriage slidably mounted to the rail and configured to receive a second fluidic assembly. The carriage is operable to establish a first fluid tight seal between the first fluidic assembly and a chromatography column received within the clamp assembly, and to establish a second fluid tight seal between the second fluidic assembly and the chromatography column.

Another aspect disclosed herein, not independently claimed, is an apparatus that includes a first fluidic assembly, a second fluidic assembly, and a clamp assembly. The clamp assembly includes a rail configured to receive the first fluidic assembly, and a carriage slidably mounted to the rail and configured to receive the second fluidic assembly. The carriage is operable to establish a first fluid tight seal between the first fluidic assembly and a chromatography column received within the clamp assembly, and to establish a second fluid tight seal between the second fluidic assembly and the chromatography column.

Another aspect disclosed herein, not independently claimed, is a thermal module for pre -heating liquid flowing into a liquid chromatography column. The thermal module includes an apparatus and a trough compartment. The apparatus includes a first fluidic assembly, a second fluidic assembly, and a clamp assembly. The clamp assembly includes a rail configured to receive the first fluidic assembly, and a carriage slidably mounted to the rail and configured to receive the second fluidic assembly. The carriage is operable to establish a first fluid tight seal between the first fluidic assembly and a chromatography column received within the clamp assembly, and to establish a second fluid tight seal between the second fluidic assembly and the chromatography column. The trough compartment has two ends. One of the two ends of the trough compartment has an electrical socket. The clamp assembly is disposed within the trough compartment, and the first fluidic assembly is plugged into the electrical socket at the one end of the trough compartment.

According to one aspect, a column assembly includes a chromatography column and an end fitting disposed at the end of the chromatography column. The chromatography column includes a column frit. The end fitting comprises a compliant seal defining a fluid passage configured to seal against a tapered fluid conduit without the use of a ferrule or a threaded compression screw.

Another aspect provides an end fitting for establishing fluid communication between a chromatography column and a guard cartridge or a filter cartridge. The end fitting defines a cavity for receiving a guard cartridge or a filter cartridge, and the end fitting comprising a compliant seal. The compliant seal defines a fluid passage configured to seal against a tapered fluid conduit without the use of a ferrule or a threaded compression screw. The fluid passage includes a small diameter portion and a tapered portion which extends from an interface with the small diameter portion to an opposite end of the compliant seal.

A further aspect disclosed herein, not independently claimed, features a method that includes inserting a column assembly into a clamp assembly; moving a carriage of the clamp assembly into contact with the column assembly; actuating a lever on the carriage and thereby establishing a first fluid tight seal between a first fluidic assembly and a first end of the column assembly; and a second fluid tight seal between a second fluidic assembly and a second end of the column assembly.

Another aspect disclosed herein, not independently claimed, provides a fluidic assembly for establishing a fluidic connection with a chromatography column. The fluidic assembly includes a tubing sub-assembly that includes a needle defining a fluid passage, and an outlet capillary tube in fluid communication with the fluid passage of the needle. The fluidic assembly also includes an inner barrel sub-assembly configured to receive the tubing sub-assembly, and an outer barrel sub-assembly configured to receive the inner barrel sub-assembly.

Implementations can provide one or more of the following advantages.

These configurations can help to ensure repeatability of connection. Such configurations can also help to ensure ease of connection, and helps to provide a fluid connection which does not require highly skilled operators to ensure that the connection is properly established. In addition, less mechanical force may be required to establish the fluid connections as compared to conventional threaded fittings or bayonet fittings which require application of torque, e.g., by hand alone or with the use of tools, to establish a fluid tight connection.

Other aspects, features, and advantages are in the description, drawings, and claims.

Like reference numbers indicate like elements.

Systems described herein include apparatus for connecting fluidic tubing to a chromatography column to establish a fluid tight connection therebetween. The apparatus can provide a quick and highly repeatable fluid tight connection that does not require highly skilled operators to ensure that the connection is properly established. The apparatus allows for chromatography components, such as columns, guards, filters, tubing, etc., to be connected without the use of tools or ferrules and in such a way as to inhibit carry-over, dispersion, and dead volume. Various implementations of these systems relate to liquid-chromatography apparatus, for example, HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography) systems.

<FIG> shows an implementation of a liquid chromatography system <NUM> for separating a sample into its constituents. The liquid chromatography system <NUM> includes a solvent delivery system <NUM> in fluidic communication with a sample manager <NUM>. Generally, the solvent delivery system <NUM> includes pumps (not shown) in fluidic communication with solvent reservoirs from which the pumps draw solvents. The solvent delivery system <NUM> delivers a mixture of solvents to the sample manager <NUM>. The sample manager <NUM> is in fluidic communication with a sample source <NUM> from which the sample manager acquires and introduces a sample to the solvent mixture arriving from the solvent delivery system <NUM>.

In fluidic communication with the sample manager <NUM> is a column-heater enclosure <NUM> for receiving therefrom the solvent composition containing the sample. The column-heater enclosure <NUM> includes a thermal module <NUM> for providing a controlled temperature environment for a liquid chromatography column used in separating sample-solvent compositions. As described herein, the thermal module <NUM> includes a fluidic coupling apparatus for establishing fluidic connections between chromatography components (e.g., between fluidic tubing and the chromatography column). From the column-heater enclosure <NUM>, the constituents of the separated sample pass to a detector or other equipment, for example, a mass spectrometer, for analyzing the separation. In one implementation, the liquid chromatography system <NUM> is a modified ACQUITY UPLC System the ACQUITY UPLC system available from Waters Corporation of Milford MA.

<FIG> shows an implementation of the column-heater enclosure <NUM> including the thermal module <NUM>, which is attached to a front side of a main housing <NUM>. In one implementation, the housing <NUM> is <NUM> centimetres (<NUM> inches) in length, <NUM> centimetres (<NUM> inches) in width, and <NUM> centimetres (<NUM> inches) in height.

Typically, the pieces of equipment, namely the solvent delivery system <NUM>, solvent manager <NUM>, and column-heater enclosure <NUM>, can be vertically stacked. Such an arrangement can help shorten the length of the plumbing between the pieces of equipment. Other pieces, for example, mass spectrometers, because of their size, are often placed to one side of or in front of an equipment stack.

A role of the main housing <NUM> is to provide support for another piece of equipment, such as a detector, placed on top of the column-heater enclosure <NUM>. The top surface of the housing <NUM> has dimples <NUM>, for receiving the feet of the enclosure situated above. The dimples <NUM> align with structural columns within the housing <NUM> that support the borne weight. The column-heater enclosure <NUM>, itself, can sit physically atop another piece of equipment, such as the sample manager <NUM>. A flange <NUM> with openings for mechanical fasteners extends orthogonally from the base of the housing <NUM> and is for mounting the column-heater enclosure <NUM> securely to the sample manager <NUM> situated below. An electrical cord <NUM> and connector <NUM> electrically connect the column-heater enclosure <NUM> to the sample manager <NUM>, from which the column-heater enclosure <NUM> receives DC power and communications for running the thermal module <NUM>.

Another role of the housing <NUM> is to provide a fluid leakage path between the equipment sitting atop the column-heater enclosure <NUM> and the equipment sitting below. For this role, the top surface of the housing <NUM> has a drainage inlet <NUM>, which connects to a drainage outlet of the upper equipment. An internal fluidic conduit (not shown) runs from the drainage inlet <NUM> to an outlet (not shown) in the bottom of the housing <NUM>; and this outlet connects to an inlet of the lower equipment.

<FIG> shows an implementation of the thermal module <NUM> including an electronics housing <NUM> coupled to a column housing <NUM>. The column housing <NUM> comprises a front door <NUM> coupled at one end to a column holder <NUM> by a hinge <NUM> and, at its opposite end, secured in a closed position to the column holder <NUM> by a (preferably mechanical) latch <NUM>. A bracket <NUM> extends from one side of the electronics housing <NUM>. The bracket <NUM> and electronics housing <NUM> can be made from a single piece of sheet metal. An electrical device <NUM> is mounted on a surface of the bracket <NUM>. The device <NUM> is in electrical communication with electronics within the electronics housing <NUM> and is used to read identification information from some types of chromatography columns.

<FIG> shows an end view of the thermal module <NUM> with the latch <NUM>. The latch <NUM> includes a pair of raised bumps <NUM>. A curved side of each raised bump <NUM> extends from the surface of the latch; a planar side of each raised bump <NUM> provides an edge by which a human fingertip may pull upon the latch <NUM> in order to detach the door <NUM> from the column holder <NUM>. A pair of recesses <NUM> at the latch end of the column holder <NUM> accommodates the fingertips that pull upon the raised bumps <NUM>. With the door <NUM> in a closed position, a small gap <NUM> provides a passage for tubing into the column holder <NUM>.

<FIG> shows an isometric view of the thermal module <NUM> with its front door <NUM> open to reveal an interior side of the door <NUM> and the interior of the column holder <NUM>. The interior side of the front door <NUM> has a generally rectangular rubber gasket <NUM> disposed near the door's edges. A layer of insulation covers the door interior, and a plastic panel <NUM> can be placed over the insulation. The door <NUM> is attached at one end to the hinge <NUM> for pivoting about axis <NUM> between an open and closed position. The hinge <NUM> extends generally orthogonally from a front face <NUM> of the column holder <NUM> at one end thereof (opposite the latch end). At the opposite (latch) end of the column <NUM> holder <NUM> are a pair of holes <NUM> for receiving corresponding latch elements <NUM> on the door <NUM>. These latch elements <NUM> are interior- side extensions from the raised bumps <NUM> (<FIG>) of the door latch <NUM> which are unlatched from the holes <NUM> when pulled upon by a person's fingertips.

The interior of the column holder <NUM> has an open-faced trough compartment <NUM>, within which is a slidable trough <NUM>. The trough <NUM> has a back surface and two opposing side surfaces. (The door <NUM>, when closed, provides a fourth side for enclosing the trough compartment <NUM>, the gasket <NUM> on the door interior pressing against and providing a tight thermal seal around the trough compartment <NUM>. ) This trough <NUM> can be slid to either end of the trough compartment <NUM>, as deemed appropriate when configuring the thermal module <NUM> for use. Here, the slidable trough <NUM> is shown positioned at the end of the trough compartment <NUM> near the hinge <NUM>. At the other end of the trough compartment <NUM> is a receptacle <NUM> for receiving an active pre-heater assembly, as describe in more detail below.

The front face <NUM> of the column holder <NUM> has a magnetic switch <NUM> located at the hinge end of the thermal module <NUM>. The magnetic switch <NUM> detects when a connection is broken between the switch <NUM> and an opposing magnet <NUM> on the door <NUM> (i.e., when the door opens). The thermal module <NUM> uses signals from the magnetic switch <NUM> to determine whether to maintain or disconnect power to an active pre-heater assembly installed within the column holder <NUM>.

Also near the hinge end of the thermal module, the front face <NUM> has two rubber gasket strips <NUM> at the top and bottom edges of the column holder <NUM>. The regions of the front face <NUM> where the gaskets <NUM> reside are slightly indented so that the surface of each gasket <NUM> is on substantially the same plane as the rest of the front face <NUM> of the column holder <NUM>; that is, when closed, the door <NUM> presses flush against the gaskets <NUM> and the front face <NUM>, with little, if any, deformation of the gaskets <NUM>. The resilient, pliable nature of the gaskets <NUM> avoids pinching tubing that enters or exits, by way of either the top edge or bottom edge, at the hinge end of the thermal module <NUM>.

<FIG> shows an exploded view of the trough compartment <NUM> of the column holder <NUM>. The trough compartment <NUM> is made of two halves <NUM>-<NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM> (generally, <NUM>) held together by two end snaps <NUM> and a rear snap <NUM>. Mechanical fasteners may also be used to hold the two halves <NUM> together. Disposed between the two halves <NUM> is the trough <NUM> and a pair of electrical sockets <NUM>-<NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM> (generally <NUM>) used for electrical <NUM> connection to an active pre- heater assembly. The sockets <NUM> sit in appropriately sized rectangular cutout regions <NUM> in the lower half <NUM>-<NUM> of the trough compartment <NUM>. An electrical ribbon cable <NUM> is connected between each electrical socket <NUM> and the electronics within the electronics housing <NUM> (<FIG>). The trough <NUM> can slide to either end of the trough compartment <NUM> to cover one of the electrical sockets <NUM>.

An electrical cable <NUM> extends from a rear side of the trough <NUM> to an electrical connector <NUM>, which plugs into electronics within the housing <NUM>. The electrical cable <NUM> carries electrical signals for controlling a heater (not shown) and temperature sensor (not shown) mounted to the rear side of the trough <NUM>. The heater is used to heat the trough <NUM> and the temperature sensor measures temperature of the trough <NUM>. A back surface of the lower half <NUM>-<NUM> of the trough compartment <NUM> has cutout region <NUM> to accommodate the cable <NUM> when the trough <NUM> slides from one end of the compartment <NUM> to the other. In addition, the trough <NUM> has a groove <NUM>, which serves to channel any leakage into the lower half <NUM>-<NUM> of the trough compartment <NUM>.

Extending from the bottom at one end of the lower half <NUM>-<NUM> is a spout <NUM> for providing a fluidic drainage path for leakage or condensation within the trough <NUM>, the bottom of the lower half <NUM>-<NUM> being sloped towards the spout <NUM>. For example, any condensation forming on the door interior drips into the trough <NUM> and out through the spout <NUM>.

<FIG> shows an isometric view of the thermal module <NUM> in a first configuration. The front door <NUM> of the thermal module <NUM> is open. <FIG> also shows an exploded view of the fluidic coupling apparatus <NUM> which includes of four (<NUM>) components: (i) a clamp assembly <NUM>; (ii) a needle barrel assembly <NUM>; (iii) an active pre-heater assembly (APH) <NUM>; and (iv) a column assembly <NUM>, with or without a guard or filter.

In general, the clamp assembly <NUM> receives and retains the column assembly <NUM> and establishes a fluid connection between the active pre-heater assembly <NUM> and the column assembly <NUM>, and between the needle barrel assembly <NUM> and the column assembly <NUM>. The clamp assembly <NUM> is installed in the trough <NUM> by securing the clamp assembly <NUM> to mounting holes <NUM> located in either end of the trough <NUM>. The clamp assembly <NUM> includes a rail <NUM> and a carriage <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, the rail <NUM> includes a rail body <NUM> and a rail end cap <NUM> which is disposed at, and connected to, a distal end <NUM> of the rail body <NUM>. The rail end cap <NUM> may be formed as a separate part or may be an integral part of the rail <NUM>. The rail end cap <NUM> defines a fitting recess <NUM> that interfaces with the active pre-heater assembly <NUM> and acts to align an inlet needle of the active pre-heater assembly <NUM> for connection with the column assembly <NUM>.

The rail body <NUM> includes mounting holes <NUM> for securing the rail <NUM> in the trough <NUM> (<FIG>), and a dovetail groove <NUM> for slidably receiving the carriage <NUM>. The dovetail groove <NUM> includes teeth <NUM>, which prevent the carriage <NUM> from sliding relative to the rail <NUM> when the clamp assembly <NUM> is in an engaged condition. The rail body <NUM> also defines slots <NUM> in the groove <NUM>, which allow the carriage <NUM> to be assembled to the rail <NUM>. The rail body <NUM> can have a single piece construction, being molded, machined or otherwise formed from a suitable material such as a thermoplastic resin, or metal.

The carriage <NUM> is slidably mounted to the rail <NUM>. Referring to <FIG>and <FIG>, the carriage <NUM> includes a carriage body <NUM> with a dovetail projections <NUM> which fit within the slots <NUM> of the rail <NUM> (<FIG>) and slide within the dovetail groove <NUM> (<FIG>). At its distal end, the carriage body <NUM> includes an outwardly extending stop feature <NUM>, which, during use, overlies the outlet end of the column assembly <NUM> and helps to inhibit the column assembly <NUM> from popping up and out of place during loading. A cylindrical bore <NUM> for receiving the needle barrel assembly <NUM> extends the length of the carriage body <NUM>. The carriage body <NUM> is also provided with a slot <NUM> for interfacing with an arm <NUM> and an aperture <NUM> for accommodating a foot <NUM>. The carriage body <NUM> can have a single piece construction, being molded, machined or otherwise formed from a suitable material such as a metal, or a thermoplastic resin.

The foot <NUM> is displaceable, relative to the carriage body <NUM>, and is mounted to the carriage body <NUM> via a spring (e.g., a cantilever spring <NUM>). A first end of the cantilever spring <NUM> is connected to the carriage body <NUM>, and a second, opposite end of the cantilever spring <NUM> is connected to the foot <NUM>. The cantilever spring <NUM> biases the foot <NUM> upwards towards the carriage body <NUM> such that, when the clamp assembly <NUM> is in a disengaged condition, teeth <NUM> of the foot <NUM> do not engage the teeth <NUM> of the rail <NUM>, thus allowing the carriage body <NUM> to move relative to the rail <NUM>. The foot <NUM> also defines an upwardly extending protrusion <NUM>, which, as discussed below, helps to properly position the needle barrel assembly <NUM>, relative to the carriage body <NUM>, when the needle barrel assembly <NUM> is loaded into the carriage <NUM>. The foot <NUM> can be molded, machined or otherwise formed from a suitable material such as a metal, or a thermoplastic resin.

The carriage <NUM> also includes a lever <NUM> that is attached to the carriage body <NUM> at a hinge <NUM>. The lever <NUM> includes a cam <NUM>, which, when the clamp assembly <NUM> is in an engaged condition, displaces the foot <NUM> downward, away from the carriage body <NUM>, such that the teeth <NUM> of the foot <NUM> engage the teeth <NUM> of the rail <NUM> and thereby inhibit movement of the carriage body <NUM> relative to the rail <NUM>. The lever <NUM> is also hingedly attached to, and controls movement of, the arm <NUM>. The arm <NUM> includes a pair of pins <NUM>, which are slidably received in the slot <NUM> of the carriage body <NUM> and which, as discussed below, engage the needle barrel assembly <NUM> to control movement of the needle barrel assembly <NUM> relative to the carriage body <NUM>. The lever <NUM> and the arm <NUM> can be molded, machined or otherwise formed from a suitable material such as thermoplastic resin, or a metal.

The needle barrel assembly <NUM> is received within the cylindrical bore <NUM> of the carriage body <NUM>. Referring to <FIG>, the needle barrel assembly <NUM> is a fluidic assembly that includes (i) an outlet tubing sub-assembly <NUM>; (ii) an inner barrel sub-assembly <NUM>; and (iii) an outer barrel sub-assembly <NUM>. Referring to <FIG>, the outlet tubing sub-assembly <NUM> includes an outlet capillary tubing <NUM>, a hollow outlet needle <NUM>, a metal tube sleeve <NUM>, a bushing <NUM>, an inner spring retainer <NUM>, and an inner spring <NUM>. The outlet capillary tubing <NUM> can be metallic or polymeric tubing having an inside diameter of approximately <NUM> millimetres (<NUM> inches) or less and an outside diameter (OD) of approximately <NUM> millimetres (<NUM> inches) or less. The outlet needle <NUM> includes a fluid passage <NUM> that extends from a first end <NUM> of the outlet needle <NUM> to a tapered, second end <NUM>. The outlet needle <NUM> can be formed (e.g., drawn, molded, machined, etc.) from metal. A first end of the outlet capillary tubing <NUM> is received within a counterbore hole at the first end <NUM> of the outlet needle <NUM> and is secured therein, e.g., by adhesive, welding, or deformation (e.g., crimping) of the outlet needle <NUM>. The metal tube sleeve <NUM> is disposed circumferentially about a shank of the outlet needle <NUM> and about a first end of the outlet capillary tubing <NUM> and is attached thereto, e.g., by welding or adhesive.

The bushing <NUM> is disposed circumferentially about the metal tube sleeve <NUM> and is fixed thereto, e.g., by welding, adhesive, or deformation of the bushing <NUM>. The bushing <NUM> being molded, machined or otherwise formed from a suitable material such as thermoplastic resin, or a metal. Alternatively, the bushing <NUM> may be formed as an integral part of the metal tube sleeve <NUM>. The inner spring retainer <NUM> is disposed circumferentially about the capillary tubing <NUM> and is slidable relative thereto. The inner spring <NUM> is disposed circumferentially about the capillary tubing <NUM> between the bushing <NUM> and the inner spring retainer <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, the inner barrel sub-assembly <NUM> includes an inner barrel <NUM> and a pilot retainer <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, the inner barrel <NUM> includes a first region <NUM> having a first diameter, and a second region <NUM> that is smaller in diameter than the first region <NUM> and which defines an outlet pilot <NUM>. The inner barrel <NUM> also has a central bore <NUM> that extends through the inner barrel <NUM> from a distal end <NUM> through the proximal end <NUM>. The central bore <NUM> includes a first portion <NUM> having a first diameter, a second portion <NUM> having a second diameter that is smaller than the first diameter, and a third portion <NUM> having a third diameter that is smaller than the second diameter. The inner barrel <NUM> can have a single piece construction, being molded, machined or otherwise formed from a suitable material such as thermoplastic resin, or a metal; or, in some cases, may be formed from multiple parts connected together.

As shown in <FIG>, the outlet tubing sub-assembly <NUM> is assembled with the inner barrel sub-assembly <NUM> by passing the outlet needle <NUM> through the central bore <NUM> until the distal end of the metal tube sleeve <NUM> abuts a shoulder formed by the junction of the second portion <NUM> and the third portion <NUM> of the central bore <NUM>. The inner spring <NUM> is disposed around the outlet capillary tubing <NUM> and is positioned such that a first end of the inner spring <NUM> abuts against the bushing <NUM>. The inner spring retainer <NUM> is positioned adjacent a second, opposite end of the inner spring <NUM>. The pilot retainer <NUM> is attached to the inner barrel <NUM>, e.g., press fit or welded within the first portion <NUM> of the central bore <NUM>, and a pair of tabs <NUM> in the pilot retainer <NUM> are swaged into contact with the inner spring retainer <NUM> to retain inner spring retainer <NUM> in place relative to the inner barrel sub-assembly <NUM> such that the inner spring <NUM> biases the outlet needle <NUM> outwardly from the central bore <NUM>. In this regard, the inner spring <NUM> is pre-loaded against the bushing <NUM> such that the tapered end <NUM> of the outlet needle <NUM> is biased outward through the central bore <NUM>. Following assembly, the capillary tubing <NUM> and the outlet needle <NUM> are displaceable relative to the inner barrel sub-assembly <NUM>. The outlet tubing sub-assembly <NUM> and the inner barrel sub-assembly <NUM> can then be assembled with the outer barrel sub-assembly <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, the outer barrel sub-assembly <NUM> includes an outer barrel <NUM>, an outer spring <NUM>, and an outer spring retainer <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, the outer barrel <NUM> includes a central opening <NUM> that includes a first portion <NUM> having a first diameter, and a second portion <NUM> having a second diameter that is smaller than the first diameter. The outer barrel <NUM> can have a single piece construction, being molded, machined or otherwise formed from a suitable material such as thermoplastic resin, or a metal.

As shown in <FIG>, the outlet tubing sub-assembly <NUM> and inner barrel sub-assembly <NUM> are assembled with the outer barrel sub-assembly <NUM> by passing the outlet needle <NUM> and outlet pilot <NUM> through the central opening <NUM> until a distal end of the first region <NUM> of the inner barrel <NUM> abuts a shoulder <NUM> formed by the junction of the first portion <NUM> and the second portion <NUM> of the central opening <NUM> thereby preventing further forward movement of the inner barrel sub-assembly <NUM> relative to the outer barrel sub-assembly <NUM>. When assembled, the outlet pilot <NUM> extends beyond the distal end of the outer barrel <NUM>, and the tapered, second end <NUM> of the outlet needle <NUM> extends beyond the distal end of the outlet pilot <NUM>. The outlet needle <NUM> and the outlet pilot <NUM> together forming an outlet column fitting <NUM>.

The outer barrel <NUM> includes a pair of deformable tabs <NUM> which are swaged into contact with the outer spring retainer <NUM> to attach the outer spring retainer <NUM> to the outer barrel <NUM> such that the outer spring <NUM> is retained within the first portion <NUM> of the central opening <NUM>. The outer spring retainer <NUM> includes a through hole <NUM> through which the outlet capillary tubing <NUM> and the proximal end of the pilot retainer <NUM> can pass. The outer spring retainer <NUM> also provides a surface against which the outer spring <NUM> can act and is positioned to pre-load the outer spring <NUM> against the inner barrel <NUM> such that the outlet pilot <NUM> of the inner barrel <NUM> is biased outward through the central opening <NUM>. Following assembly, the inner barrel sub-assembly <NUM> is displaceable relative to the outer barrel sub-assembly <NUM>, and the outlet needle <NUM> and the outlet capillary tubing <NUM> of the outlet tubing sub-assembly <NUM> remain displaceable relative to the inner barrel sub-assembly <NUM>.

With reference to <FIG>, the needle barrel assembly <NUM> is assembled with the clamp assembly <NUM> by inserting the needle barrel assembly <NUM>, outlet needle <NUM> first, into the cylindrical bore <NUM> in the carriage body <NUM> until the distal end of the outer barrel <NUM> abuts against the upwardly extending protrusion <NUM> on the foot <NUM>. In this position, an annular recess <NUM> in the outer spring retainer <NUM> will be aligned with a vertical segment 335a of the slot <NUM> in the carriage body <NUM> and positioned to receive the pins <NUM> on the arm <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>. The pins <NUM> slide down the vertical segment 335a of the slot <NUM> and are received in annular recess <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>, for controlling movement of the needle barrel assembly <NUM> relative to the clamp assembly <NUM>.

The lever <NUM> of the clamp assembly <NUM> is displaceable between a disengaged position (<FIG>) and an engaged position (<FIG>). The displacement of the lever <NUM> from the disengaged position to the engaged position displaces the needle barrel assembly <NUM> such that, in the engaged position, the distal ends of the inner and outer barrels <NUM>, <NUM> and the outlet needle <NUM> protrude further outwardly from the carriage body <NUM>. Displacement of the lever <NUM> also displaces foot <NUM> downward, away from the carriage body <NUM>, such that, when the carriage <NUM> is mated with the rail <NUM> (<FIG>), the teeth <NUM> on the foot <NUM> engage the teeth <NUM> on the rail <NUM> to lock the carriage <NUM> in place relative to the rail <NUM>.

Turning now to the active pre-heater assembly <NUM>, which is a fluidic assembly that is utilized to heat liquid before the liquid reaches the column assembly <NUM> retained within the clamp assembly <NUM>. <FIG> shows an isometric view of an implementation of the active pre- heater assembly <NUM> which includes a heater block sub-assembly <NUM> and an inlet tubing subassembly <NUM>. The inlet tubing sub-assembly <NUM> includes inlet capillary tubing <NUM>, a polymeric tube sleeve <NUM> shrink-wrapped around a section of the inlet capillary tubing <NUM>, and an inlet column fitting <NUM>. The heater block sub-assembly <NUM> comprises a spring carrier <NUM> made of a pair of opposing prongs <NUM> spaced apart by a rear wall <NUM>, a heater block <NUM> disposed between the prongs <NUM>, and a printed circuit board <NUM> extending from a reverse side of the rear wall <NUM>. The inlet capillary tubing <NUM> passes into a channel <NUM> in one side of the heater block <NUM>. The heater block <NUM> is made of aluminum or some other thermally conductive alloy. The active pre-heater assembly <NUM> can be constructed as a single inseparable unit or as multiple separable components that snap together.

The inlet capillary tubing <NUM> fluidically connects the active pre-heater assembly <NUM> to the sample manager for receiving a sample-solvent composition therefrom. The inlet column fitting <NUM> is for connecting the other end of the inlet capillary tubing <NUM> to a liquid chromatography column disposed within the trough compartment <NUM>.

<FIG> is a reverse view of the active pre-heater assembly <NUM>. The opposing prongs <NUM> of the spring carrier <NUM> are integrally formed with a metallic leaf-spring <NUM>. The leaf-spring <NUM> is a flat, rectangular window of metallic material that is curved into an arcuate shape defined by the prongs <NUM>. The leaf-spring <NUM> biases the prongs <NUM> of the spring carrier <NUM> apart and bends when the prongs <NUM> are pinched together.

The leaf-spring <NUM> has openings through which project molded posts <NUM>, which are melted to hold the leaf-spring <NUM>. Each prong <NUM> of the spring carrier <NUM> has a pair of raised ramps <NUM> that snap into openings in interior surfaces of the receptacle <NUM> (<FIG>). A raised edge <NUM> of each prong <NUM> provides a finger grip that a user can use to pinch the prongs <NUM> together in order to decouple the ramps <NUM> from the receptacle <NUM> so that the spring carrier <NUM> can be removed.

The printed circuit board <NUM> of the heater block sub-assembly <NUM> is aligned to project through a rear side opening <NUM> in the rear wall <NUM> of the spring carrier <NUM> for electrical connection with one of the electrical sockets <NUM> of the trough compartment <NUM>. Electronics connected to the circuit board <NUM> can include a temperature sensor (e.g., a thermistor) and a heater cartridge. Both the temperature sensor and the heater cartridge can be embedded (e.g., embedded in epoxy filled cavities) in the heater block <NUM> with electrical connections to the circuit board <NUM>. Circuitry on the circuit board <NUM> uses temperature measured by the temperature sensor to limit operation of the heater cartridge and thus the maximum temperature reached by the heater block <NUM>. Additional details of the heater block <NUM> and printed circuit board <NUM> are described in International Patent Application No. <CIT>.

Referring to <FIG>, the inlet column fitting <NUM> includes a hollow inlet needle <NUM> and an inlet pilot <NUM>. The inlet needle <NUM> includes a fluid passage <NUM> that extends from a first end of the inlet needle <NUM> to a tapered, second end <NUM>. The inlet needle <NUM> being metal. A first end of the inlet capillary tubing <NUM> is received within a counterbore hole at the first end of the inlet needle <NUM> and is secured therein, e.g., by adhesive, welding, or deformation (e.g., crimping) of the inlet needle <NUM>. The inlet capillary tubing <NUM> can be metallic or polymeric tubing having an inside diameter of approximately <NUM> millimetres (<NUM> inches) or less and an outside diameter (OD) of approximately <NUM> millimetres (<NUM> inches) or less. The inlet pilot <NUM> is disposed circumferentially about a distal end portion of the capillary tubing <NUM> and about a shank <NUM> of the inlet needle <NUM> such that the tapered, second end <NUM> of the inlet needle <NUM> extends outwardly from the inlet pilot <NUM>. The inlet pilot <NUM> can be fixed to the inlet needle <NUM>, e.g., by welding, adhesive, or deformation of the inlet pilot <NUM>. Alternatively or additionally, the inlet pilot <NUM> may be fixed to the heater block <NUM> such as by welding, or may be formed as an integral part of the heater block <NUM>. The inlet pilot <NUM> can be molded, machined or otherwise formed from a metal (e.g., aluminum). The inlet capillary tubing <NUM>, itself, is soldered in place within a serpentine path through the heater block <NUM> as described in International Patent Application No. <CIT>.

During assembly, the heater block sub-assembly <NUM> is installed in the exposed one of the sockets <NUM>-<NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM> in the trough compartment <NUM> depending on the position of the trough <NUM>. When installed, the inlet pilot <NUM> is received and retained in the fitting recess <NUM> of the rail end cap <NUM> on the rail <NUM> and the inlet capillary tubing <NUM> extends through the rail end cap <NUM>, inlet needle <NUM> first, for connection with the column assembly <NUM>. The rail end cap <NUM> keeps the inlet needle <NUM> and the inlet pilot <NUM> aligned, relative to the trough, in position for receiving an end of the column assembly <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates an implementation of the column assembly <NUM> which includes a chromatography column <NUM> and a cartridge sub-assembly <NUM>. The chromatography column <NUM> includes an elongate body <NUM> that extends between first and second ends <NUM>, <NUM> with an end fitting <NUM> disposed at each end. Referring to <FIG> & <FIG>, the elongate body <NUM> includes a cylindrical bore <NUM> which extends the length of the elongate body <NUM> from the first end <NUM> to the second end <NUM>. The cylindrical bore <NUM> receives and retains a packing material. Each of the ends <NUM>, <NUM> includes a threaded section <NUM> for mounting the end fittings <NUM>. The elongate body <NUM> and end fittings <NUM> each being molded, machined or otherwise formed from a suitable material such as a metal.

Referring to <FIG>, each of the end fittings <NUM> defines a first cavity <NUM> which receives one of the ends <NUM>, <NUM> of the elongate body <NUM>. The first cavity <NUM> includes a threaded portion <NUM> which mates with the threaded section <NUM> of the elongate body <NUM>. Alternatively or additionally, the end fittings <NUM> can be welded to the elongate body <NUM> or attached with adhesive. A column frit <NUM>, e.g., a porous metal disk, is disposed within the first cavity <NUM> and is secured against the open end of the elongate body <NUM> when the end fitting <NUM> is attached thereto. The end fittings <NUM> also define a second cavity <NUM> and a seal recess <NUM> which extends from the second cavity <NUM> toward the first cavity <NUM>. The seal recess <NUM> receives a compliant seal <NUM>, which may be formed of polyimide such as DuPont™ Vespel®, polyether-ether-ketone such as PEEK™ polymer (available from Victrex PLC, Lancashire, United Kingdom), or a deformable metal such as annealed stainless steel. A through-hole <NUM> extends from the first cavity <NUM> into the seal recess <NUM> to provide for fluid communication between the cylindrical bore <NUM> and a fluid passage <NUM> defined by the seal <NUM>. The fluid passage <NUM> includes a small diameter portion <NUM> which aligns with the through-hole <NUM>, and a tapered portion <NUM> which extends from an interface with the small diameter portion <NUM> to an opposite end of the seal <NUM>. The tapered portion <NUM> has an included angle of less than <NUM> degrees. The second cavity <NUM> defines a threaded region <NUM> which threadingly receives a retainer <NUM> for retaining the seal <NUM> within the seal recess <NUM>. This threaded arrangement allows the retainer <NUM> to be removed for replacing the seal <NUM> when and if it becomes worn or damaged. The retainer <NUM> being molded, machined or otherwise formed from a suitable material such as thermoplastic resin, or a metal. The retainer <NUM> is threaded into the second cavity <NUM> and includes a central passage <NUM> which allows for fluid communication between the cylindrical bore <NUM> and one of the column fittings. The central passage <NUM> includes a first region <NUM> that is sized to accommodate a pilot of one of the column fittings, and a second, tapered region <NUM> to accommodate a needle of one of the column fittings. The retainer <NUM> may also include a hexagonal or star-shaped counterbore <NUM> to allow the retainer to be screwed into the second cavity <NUM> using a tool such as an Allen key. Both end fittings <NUM> can have the same construction.

Referring to <FIG>, the cartridge sub-assembly <NUM> includes a first member <NUM>, a second member <NUM>, and a cartridge <NUM> (e.g., a guard cartridge or a filter cartridge) disposed therebetween. The first member <NUM> includes a cylindrical body <NUM> which defines a cartridge cavity <NUM> for receiving the cartridge <NUM>. A cartridge pilot <NUM> extends outwardly from the cylindrical body <NUM> and an opening <NUM> extends through the cartridge pilot <NUM> and into the cartridge cavity <NUM>. An outer surface of the cylindrical body <NUM> includes a threaded region <NUM> which threadingly engages the second member <NUM>. The first member <NUM> being formed thermoplastic resin, or a metal.

The second member defines a first cavity <NUM> which includes a threaded portion <NUM> which mates with the threaded region <NUM> of the first member <NUM> to secure the cartridge body <NUM> within the cartridge cavity <NUM>. The cartridge <NUM> includes a central bore <NUM> which extends from a first end of the cartridge <NUM> to a second, opposite end of the cartridge <NUM>. A first cartridge frit <NUM>, e.g., a porous metal disk, is disposed adjacent the first end of the cartridge <NUM>. A first energized seal <NUM> surrounds the first cartridge frit <NUM> and serves to provide a fluid tight seal between the cartridge <NUM> and the second member <NUM>. A second cartridge frit <NUM>, e.g., a porous metal disk, is disposed adjacent the second end of the cartridge <NUM>. A second energized seal <NUM> surrounds the second cartridge frit <NUM> and serves to provide a fluid tight seal between the cartridge <NUM> and a cartridge needle assembly <NUM> which is disposed within the cartridge cavity <NUM> adjacent the second end of the cartridge <NUM>. The second member <NUM> can be formed thermoplastic resin, or a metal.

The cartridge needle assembly <NUM> includes a hollow cartridge needle <NUM> and a base <NUM>. The cartridge needle <NUM> being formed thermoplastic resin, or a metal. The cartridge needle <NUM> includes a fluid passage <NUM> that extends from a first end <NUM> of the cartridge needle <NUM> to a tapered, second end <NUM>. The first end <NUM> of the cartridge needle <NUM> is mounted within a hole <NUM> in the base <NUM>. The base <NUM> can be molded, machined or otherwise formed from a suitable material such as a thermoplastic resin, or metal. The cartridge needle <NUM> can be secured to the base <NUM>, e.g., by welding, adhesives, press-fit, etc. When installed within the cartridge cavity <NUM> the tapered end <NUM> of the cartridge needle <NUM> extends through the opening <NUM> and outward from the cartridge pilot <NUM>. The cartridge needle <NUM> and the cartridge pilot <NUM> together form a cartridge sub-assembly fitting <NUM> for establishing a fluidic connection with one of the end fittings <NUM> on the chromatography column <NUM>.

The second member <NUM> also defines a second cavity <NUM> and a seal recess <NUM> which extends from the second cavity <NUM> toward the first cavity <NUM>. The seal recess <NUM> receives a compliant seal <NUM>, which may be formed of polyimide such as DuPont™ Vespel®, polyether- ether-ketone such as PEEK™ polymer (available from Victrex PLC, Lancashire, United Kingdom), or a deformable metal such as annealed stainless steel. A through-hole <NUM> extends from the first cavity <NUM> into the seal recess <NUM> to provide for fluid communication between the central bore <NUM> of the cartridge <NUM> and a fluid passage <NUM> defined by the seal <NUM>. The fluid passage <NUM> includes a small diameter portion <NUM> which aligns with the through-hole <NUM>, and a tapered portion <NUM> which extends from an interface with the small diameter portion <NUM> to an opposite end of the seal <NUM>. The tapered portion <NUM> has an included angle of less than <NUM> degrees. The second cavity <NUM> defines a threaded region <NUM> which threadingly receives a retainer <NUM> for retaining the seal <NUM> within the seal recess <NUM>. As with the end fittings <NUM> discussed above, this threaded arrangement allows the retainer <NUM> to be removed for replacing the seal <NUM> when and if it becomes worn or damaged. The retainer <NUM> is threaded into the second cavity <NUM> and includes a central passage <NUM> which accommodates the inlet column fitting <NUM>. The retainer <NUM> may also include a hexagonal or star-shaped counterbore <NUM> to allow the retainer to be screwed into the second cavity <NUM> using a tool such as an Allen key.

Referring to <FIG>, a column clip <NUM> and retainer clip <NUM> are provided for handling the column assembly <NUM>. These clips <NUM>, <NUM> can be used, for example, to insert the column assembly <NUM> into the clamp assembly <NUM> within the trough <NUM>, and also for removing the column assembly <NUM> from the clamp assembly <NUM>, e.g., for replacement. These clips <NUM>, <NUM> also function to keep the column assembly <NUM> from directly contacting the heated trough <NUM>, and help to align the column assembly <NUM> in position up, down and centered within the trough <NUM>. The clips <NUM>, <NUM> include a column clip <NUM> and a retainer clip <NUM>.

As shown in <FIG>, the clip <NUM> generally includes a handle <NUM> and a pair of arcuate arms <NUM> which extend from the handle <NUM> and terminate at an open end <NUM>. The arcuate arms <NUM> define a cylindrical central opening <NUM> sized to fit about the end fittings <NUM> of the column <NUM>. The column clip <NUM> can be molded, machined or otherwise formed from a suitable material such as a thermoplastic resin, or metal.

Referring to <FIG>, the retainer clip <NUM> generally includes a handle <NUM> and a pair of arcuate arms <NUM> which extend from the handle <NUM> and terminate at an open end <NUM>. The arcuate arms <NUM> define a cylindrical central opening <NUM> sized to fit about the end fitting <NUM> and the second member <NUM> of the cartridge sub-assembly <NUM>. The handle <NUM> and arcuate arms <NUM> being molded, machined or otherwise formed from a suitable material such as a thermoplastic resin, or metal. The retainer clip <NUM> also includes a pair of spring elements <NUM> that maintain the cartridge sub-assembly <NUM> in place next to the column <NUM>. In this regard, the spring elements <NUM> allow the cartridge sub-assembly <NUM> to slide slightly relative to column <NUM>, but limit its travel to inhibit (e.g., prevent) the cartridge sub-assembly <NUM> from falling away during column loading and unloading. In situations in which no cartridge sub-assembly or filter is utilized, a second column clip <NUM> can be utilized at the inlet end of the column <NUM>.

In use, the rail end cap <NUM> is installed by sliding and clicking the rail end cap <NUM> into a recess at the distal end <NUM> of the rail <NUM> (as illustrated in <FIG>). The rail <NUM> is then inserted into the trough <NUM> by securing the rail <NUM>, with fasteners <NUM> to mounting holes <NUM> located in either end of the trough <NUM>, as illustrated in <FIG>. As shown in <FIG>, once the rail <NUM> is mounted in the trough <NUM>, the rail end cap <NUM> aligns with the active pre- heater receptacle <NUM>.

Next, the active pre-heater assembly <NUM> is plugged into the exposed one of the sockets <NUM>-<NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM> (generally <NUM>) at the end of the trough <NUM>. (Note: the fluidic coupling apparatus installation may be reversed to reverse flow direction through the trough <NUM>; i.e., such that the active pre-heater assembly <NUM> engages electrical socket <NUM>-<NUM> near the hinge <NUM>). As shown in <FIG>, once the active pre-heater assembly <NUM> is installed in the socket <NUM>, the inlet pilot <NUM> is received within the fitting recess <NUM> of the rail end cap <NUM>.

Next, the needle barrel assembly <NUM> is assembled into the carriage <NUM>. In this regard, the needle barrel assembly <NUM> is inserted, outlet needle <NUM> first, into the cylindrical bore <NUM> in the carriage body <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, the pins <NUM> of the arm <NUM> are positioned up in the vertical segment 335a of the slot <NUM> to allow insertion of the needle barrel assembly <NUM>. The needle barrel assembly <NUM> is slid forward into the cylindrical bore <NUM> until the distal end of the outer barrel <NUM> abuts against the upwardly extending protrusion <NUM> on the foot <NUM>. In this position, an annular recess <NUM> in the outer spring retainer <NUM> will be aligned with the vertical segment 335a of the slot <NUM> and positioned to receive the pins <NUM> on the arm <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>. The pins <NUM> slide down the vertical segment 335a of the slot <NUM> and are received in annular recess <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>, for controlling movement of the needle barrel assembly <NUM> relative to the clamp assembly <NUM>.

The assembled carriage <NUM> and needle barrel assembly <NUM> is then inserted into the rail <NUM> by inserting the dovetail projections <NUM> (<FIG> & <FIG>) into the slots <NUM> (<FIG> & <FIG>) in the rail <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>, and then displacing the carriage <NUM> such that the dovetail projections <NUM> slide within the dovetail groove <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>. The carriage <NUM>, with the lever <NUM> of in the disengaged position, is moved to the appropriate position within the clamp assembly <NUM> for the length of column being used. The clamp assembly <NUM> may be configured to receive columns with inside diameters of <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> and lengths of <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM>.

Next, the clips <NUM>, <NUM> are attached to either end of the chromatography column <NUM> and to the cartridge sub-assembly <NUM> (if used), and are used to position and aid insertion of the chromatography column <NUM> and the cartridge sub-assembly <NUM> within the clamp assembly <NUM>. The retainer clip <NUM> is attached to the cartridge sub-assembly <NUM> by inserting the cartridge sub- assembly <NUM>, cartridge needle <NUM> (<FIG>) first, into the cylindrical central opening <NUM> in the retainer clip <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>. A first one of the spring elements <NUM> is then secured into place to retain the cartridge sub-assembly <NUM> within the cylindrical central opening <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>. Then, the inlet end of the chromatography column <NUM> is inserted into the opposite, open end of the cylindrical central opening <NUM> in the retainer clip <NUM>, and a second one of the spring elements <NUM> is secured in place to retain the inlet end of the chromatography column <NUM> within the central opening <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>.

The column clip <NUM> is connected to the outlet end of the chromatography column <NUM> by placing the open end <NUM> of the clip <NUM> about the elongate body <NUM> of the chromatography column <NUM> such that the elongate body <NUM> is substantially coaxial with the cylindrical central opening <NUM>. The handle <NUM> can then be displaced axially along the elongate body <NUM> into position about the end fitting <NUM> at the outlet end of the chromatography column <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>.

Next, the column assembly <NUM> is inserted between the carriage <NUM> and the rail end cap <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>, and is slid towards the active pre -heater assembly <NUM>, such that the inlet needle <NUM> (<FIG>) enters the central passage <NUM> (<FIG>) of the cartridge sub- assembly <NUM>. The carriage <NUM> is then slid towards the chromatography column <NUM> until the stop feature <NUM> contacts the outlet end of the chromatography column <NUM>, as shown in <FIG> (the column-heater enclosure <NUM> and the column clip <NUM> have been removed for clarity).

Once the column assembly <NUM> and the carriage <NUM> are so positioned, the lever <NUM> is displaced from the disengaged position (shown, for example, in <FIG>) toward the engaged position. As illustrated in <FIG>, when the lever <NUM> starts to rotate between positions, the cam <NUM> displaces the foot <NUM>, thereby pushing the teeth <NUM> of the foot <NUM> into engagement with the teeth <NUM> of the rail <NUM>. The lever <NUM> continues to rotate to cause the barrel assembly to transition toward the seal <NUM> at the outlet end of the chromatography column <NUM>, as shown in the cross-sectional side view of <FIG>.

With reference to <FIG>, the lever <NUM> is further rotated toward the fully engaged position such that the fluid passage <NUM> of the outlet needle <NUM> aligns with the fluid passage <NUM> of the seal <NUM> and such that the tapered end <NUM> outlet needle <NUM> contacts the tapered portion <NUM> of the seal <NUM> at the outlet end of the chromatography column <NUM> to form a fluid tight seal (e.g., up to <NUM> kPa (<NUM>,<NUM> psi)) therebetween. The tapered end of the needle mates with the tapered portion <NUM> at a diameter less than <NUM> millimetres (<NUM> inches). Unlike conventional fitting connections, which typically rely on a ferrule to establish a fluid tight seal, the fluid tight seal provided at the tapered end of the needle is just outside the fluid path's outer diameter so that it may be as small and tight as possible. This can help to eliminate dead volume and minimize seal force. The inner spring <NUM> assists with biasing the outlet needle <NUM> towards the seal <NUM>, thereby reducing dead volume, and helps to accommodate for dimensional tolerances. The load provided by the inner spring <NUM> of the needle barrel assembly <NUM> establishes the contact, sealing force with the outlet end of the column assembly <NUM>.

The rotation of the lever <NUM> into the engaged position also establishes the fluidic seals at the opposite, inlet end of the column assembly <NUM>. That is, referring to <FIG>, the rotation of the lever <NUM> into the engaged position also establishes the fluidic seal between the tapered end <NUM> of the cartridge needle <NUM> and the tapered portion <NUM> of the seal <NUM> at the inlet end of the chromatography column <NUM>, and the fluidic seal between the tapered end <NUM> of the inlet needle <NUM> and the tapered portion <NUM> of the seal <NUM> in the cartridge sub-assembly <NUM>. Once again, fluid tight seals are established just outside the fluid path's outer diameter, at the tapered ends of cartridge needle <NUM> and the inlet needle <NUM>, so that those seals may be as small and tight as possible. This can help to eliminate dead volume and minimize seal force. The load provided by the outer spring <NUM> (<FIG>) of the needle barrel assembly <NUM> establishes the contact, sealing forces at the inlet end of the column assembly <NUM> allowing the sealing forces at the inlet and outlet ends of the column assembly to <NUM> to be independent of each other.

As a result, fluid connections between the chromatography column <NUM>, the cartridge sub-assembly <NUM>, and the inlet and outlet capillary tubing <NUM>, <NUM> are established and maintained via operation of the lever <NUM>. The fluidic coupling apparatus <NUM> is capable of running at pressures of up to <NUM> kPa (<NUM>,<NUM> pounds per square inch). This configuration can help to ensure repeatability of connection. This configuration can also help to ensure ease of connection, and helps to provide a fluid connection which does not require highly skilled operators to ensure that the connection is properly established. In addition, less mechanical force may be required to establish the fluid connections as compared to conventional threaded fittings or bayonet fittings which require application of torque, e.g., by hand alone or with the use of tools, to establish a fluid tight connection.

Although a few implementations have been described in detail above, other modifications are possible. For example, in some implementations, the distal end of the carriage body may also include a layer of compliant material in the region below the stop feature. The use of the compliant material can help to alleviate stress on fluid seals in situations in which the teeth on the foot of the carriage do not line up precisely with the teeth on the rail such that, as the foot is displaced into engagement with the rail (via operation of the level), the interaction between the teeth on the foot of the carriage and the teeth on the rail causes the carriage itself to displace slightly toward the column assembly.

In certain implementations, adapters can be provided for converting chromatography columns with conventional ferrule type fitting connections.

Claim 1:
An end fitting (<NUM>) for establishing fluid communication between a chromatography column (<NUM>) and a guard cartridge or a filter cartridge (<NUM>),
the end fitting defining a cavity for receiving a guard cartridge or a filter cartridge, the end fitting comprising a compliant seal (<NUM>),
wherein the compliant seal (<NUM>) defines a fluid passage (<NUM>),
wherein the fluid passage includes a small diameter portion (<NUM>) and a tapered portion (<NUM>) which extends from an interface with the small diameter portion (<NUM>) to an opposite end of the compliant seal (<NUM>), the tapered portion (<NUM>) configured to seal against a tapered fluid conduit without the use of a ferrule or a threaded compression screw.