Patent Description:
Articles of footwear generally include two primary elements: an upper and a sole structure. The upper may be formed from a variety of materials that are stitched or adhesively bonded together to form a void within the footwear for comfortably and securely receiving a foot. The sole structure is secured to a lower portion of the upper and is generally positioned between the foot and the ground. In many articles of footwear, including athletic footwear styles, the sole structure often incorporates an insole, a midsole, and an outsole. Document <CIT> describes a safety boot comprising a sole and a leather upper, consisting of a leg and a foot, and furthermore comprises a central flap, provided with quick-acting fastenings, such as a zip, and adjustable-width fastenings, such as a lace, which joins the upper, to which a number of fabric loops are applied, to the central flap, provided with a number of fabric loops and metal eyelets. Document <CIT> describes an article of footwear having an upper and a sole structure secured to the upper. The upper includes a knitted component and, in some configurations, a skin layer secured to the knitted component. The knitted component may have a plurality of protruding areas that extend out-ward and away from a void within the upper for receiving a foot of a wearer. The protruding areas may include one or both of (a) a first tubular structure and an in-laid strand extending through the first tubular structure and (b) a second tubular structure and yarn sections extending across the second tubular structure. Document <CIT> describes a soccer boot/training shoe with an external tongue that has upon it rubberized ball agitators for applying spin to a soccer ball. The agitators are furrowed, curved and increase in size from front to back. The external tongue is secured to the boot by lace and loops. These loops are placed on the tongue and the boot. Laces are passed through these loops al-ternately to secure the tongue in place.

In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to an article of footwear, the article of footwear comprising a sole structure and an upper, the upper including a first layer and a second layer. The first layer extends through a forefoot region, a midfoot region, and a heel region of the upper, and the second layer is positioned over a distal surface of the first layer so that the second layer covers at least a portion of an instep region of the article of footwear. The article of footwear has a tensioning system, the tensioning system comprising a tensile element, a plurality of guide elements, and a plurality of strap guides. The plurality of guide elements is positioned adjacent to a periphery of the first layer of the upper, and the second layer has a proximal surface and a distal surface, where the plurality of strap guides is attached to the proximal surface of the second layer. Furthermore, the tensile element is routed through each of the plurality of guide elements and through each of the plurality of strap guides and at least a portion of the tensile element is routed between the distal surface of the first layer and the proximal surface of the second layer. The plurality of guide elements comprises a looped portion formed by an elongated cable that is fixedly attached to a portion of the upper and the sole structure. The claimed invention is defined by the features of the independent claim. The dependent claims define further aspects of the claimed invention.

Other systems, methods, features, and advantages of the embodiments will be, or will become, apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within this description and this summary.

The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale; emphasis is instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the embodiments.

<FIG> depict isometric views of an embodiment of an article of footwear <NUM>. In one embodiment, article of footwear <NUM> has the form of an athletic shoe. The provisions discussed herein for article of footwear <NUM> could be incorporated into various other kinds of footwear including, but not limited to, basketball shoes, hiking boots, soccer shoes, football shoes, tennis shoes, climbing shoes, sneakers, running shoes, cross-training shoes, rugby shoes, rowing shoes, baseball shoes as well as other kinds of shoes. Moreover, in some embodiments, the provisions discussed herein for article of footwear <NUM> could be incorporated into various other kinds of non-sports-related footwear, including, but not limited to, slippers, sandals, high-heeled footwear, and loafers.

For purposes of clarity, the following detailed description discusses the features of article of footwear <NUM>, also referred to simply as article <NUM>. However, it will be understood that other embodiments may incorporate a corresponding article of footwear (e.g., a right article of footwear when article <NUM> is a left article of footwear) that may share some, and possibly all, of the features of article <NUM> described herein and shown in the figures.

The embodiments may be characterized by various directional adjectives and reference portions. These directions and reference portions may facilitate in describing the portions of an article of footwear. Moreover, these directions and reference portions may also be used in describing subcomponents of an article of footwear (e.g., directions and/or portions of a midsole structure, an outer sole structure, a tensioning system, an upper, or any other components).

For consistency and convenience, directional adjectives are employed throughout this detailed description corresponding to the illustrated embodiments. The term "longitudinal" as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims refers to a direction or axis extending a length of a component (e.g., an upper or sole component). In some embodiments, a longitudinal direction may extend from a forefoot portion to a heel portion of the component. Also, the term "lateral" as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims refers to a direction or axis extending along a width of a component. For example, a lateral direction may extend between a medial side and a lateral side of a component. Furthermore, the term "vertical" as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims refers to a direction or axis generally perpendicular to a lateral and longitudinal direction. For example, in embodiments where an article is planted flat on a ground surface, a vertical direction may extend from the ground surface upward. Additionally, the term "inner" or "proximal" refers to a portion of an article disposed closer to an interior of an article, or closer to a foot when the article is worn. Likewise, the term "outer" or "distal" refers to a portion of an article disposed further from the interior of the article or from the foot. Thus, for example, the proximal surface of a component is disposed closer to an interior of the article than the distal surface of the component. This detailed description makes use of these directional adjectives in describing an article and various components of the article, including an upper, a midsole structure, and/or an outer sole structure.

Article <NUM> may be characterized by a number of different regions or portions. For example, article <NUM> could include a forefoot portion, a midfoot portion, a heel portion, a vamp portion, and an instep portion. Moreover, components of article <NUM> could likewise comprise corresponding portions. Referring to <FIG>, article <NUM> may be divided into a forefoot region <NUM>, a midfoot region <NUM>, and a heel region <NUM>. Forefoot region <NUM> may be generally associated with the toes and joints connecting the metatarsals with the phalanges. Midfoot region <NUM> may be generally associated with the arch of a foot. Likewise, heel region <NUM> may be generally associated with the heel of a foot, including the calcaneus bone. Article <NUM> may also include a vamp region <NUM> and an instep region <NUM>. Vamp region <NUM> may be generally associated with the front and middle part of a shoe upper that covers the part of the foot adjacent to the toes, and can encompass portions of both forefoot region <NUM> and midfoot region <NUM>. Furthermore, instep region <NUM> may be generally associated with the upper, center section of the foot, between the toes and ankle, adjacent to vamp region <NUM>, and can encompass portions of both midfoot region <NUM> and heel region <NUM>. In addition, in some embodiments, article <NUM> may also include an ankle region <NUM> that is associated with the rear portion of an article of footwear, including the region around the opening providing access to the interior of the shoe.

Furthermore, for purposes of reference, article <NUM> may include a lateral side <NUM> and a medial side <NUM>. In particular, lateral side <NUM> and medial side <NUM> may be opposing sides of article <NUM>. Furthermore, both lateral side <NUM> and medial side <NUM> may extend through forefoot region <NUM>, midfoot region <NUM>, heel region <NUM>, vamp region <NUM>, instep region <NUM>, and ankle region <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrate various features and components of article of footwear <NUM>, including an upper <NUM> and a sole structure <NUM>. <FIG> provides an isometric lateral side view of an embodiment of article <NUM>. <FIG> provides an isometric medial side view of an embodiment of article <NUM>. <FIG> provides an isometric front view of an embodiment of article <NUM>. Depending on the material of upper <NUM>, in some embodiments, upper <NUM> may be configured to stretch fit over a foot without the need for fasteners or guide elements. However, in other embodiments, the use of one or more guide elements <NUM>, shown here attached to adjacent to a lower periphery of upper <NUM>, may provide a mechanism for routing a tensile element <NUM> over upper <NUM> and facilitate adjustments to the amount of tension associated with article <NUM>. Some examples of a tensioning system will be discussed further below.

Furthermore, in different embodiments, sole structure <NUM> may be configured to provide traction for article <NUM>. Thus, in some embodiments, traction elements may be included in sole structure <NUM>. In addition to providing traction, sole structure <NUM> may attenuate ground reaction forces when compressed between the foot and the ground during walking, running, pushing, or other ambulatory activities. The configuration of sole structure <NUM> may vary significantly in different embodiments to include a variety of conventional or non-conventional structures. In some embodiments, the configuration of sole structure <NUM> can be configured according to one or more types of surfaces on which sole structure <NUM> may be used. Examples of surfaces include, but are not limited to, natural turf, synthetic turf, dirt, hardwood flooring, skims, wood, plates, footboards, boat ramps, as well as other surfaces.

The various portions of sole structure <NUM> may be formed from a variety of materials. For example, sole structure <NUM> may include a compressible polymer foam element (e.g., a polyurethane or ethylvinylacetate foam) that attenuates ground reaction forces (i.e., provides cushioning) when compressed between the foot and the ground during walking, running, or other ambulatory activities. In further configurations, sole structure <NUM> may incorporate fluid-filled chambers, plates, moderators, or other elements that further attenuate forces, enhance stability, or influence the motions of the foot. Furthermore, other portions of sole structure <NUM>, such as an outsole, can be formed from a wear-resistant rubber material that is textured to impart traction. It should be understood that the embodiments herein depict a configuration for sole structure <NUM> as an example of a sole structure that may be used in connection with upper <NUM>, and a variety of other conventional or nonconventional configurations for sole structure <NUM> may also be utilized. Accordingly, the structure and features of sole structure <NUM> or any sole structure utilized with upper <NUM> may vary considerably.

Sole structure <NUM> is secured to upper <NUM> and extends between a foot and the ground when article <NUM> is worn. In different embodiments, sole structure <NUM> may include different components. For example, sole structure <NUM> may include an outsole. Sole structure <NUM> may further include a midsole and/or an insole. In some embodiments, one or more of these components may be optional. In addition, sole structure <NUM> may include components or portions that extend toward and/or attach to a portion of upper <NUM>. Such components may provide additional support and compressive strength to article <NUM>. For example, a sidewall <NUM> or a portion of an outsole may extend along or be disposed adjacent to a portion of lateral side <NUM> or medial side <NUM> of upper <NUM>. In some embodiments, sidewall <NUM> may extend along or be disposed adjacent to various portions of upper <NUM>. In <FIG>, sidewall <NUM> is integrally joined to sole structure <NUM> and is also disposed adjacent to upper <NUM>. In one embodiment, sidewall <NUM> may extend or surround portions of heel region <NUM> and/or midfoot region <NUM>. In other embodiments, sidewall <NUM> may extend from a downwardly-facing outsole to a side portion of upper <NUM>. Sidewall <NUM> can also be used to anchor or fortify various elements or areas of article <NUM> in different embodiments. For example, in one embodiment, a portion of sidewall <NUM> can act as a heel counter. While sidewall <NUM> may be substantially smooth in some embodiments, in other embodiments, sidewall <NUM> may include regions with increased curvature, dimpling, protrusions, insignia, or other structural formations. Furthermore, in some embodiments, portions of sole structure <NUM> may be either substantially opaque, translucent, or generally clear (i.e., transparent).

In different embodiments, upper <NUM> may be joined to sole structure <NUM> and define an interior cavity <NUM> designed to receiver a wearer's foot. In some embodiments, upper <NUM> includes a mouth <NUM> that provides access for the foot into interior cavity <NUM> of upper <NUM>. Mouth <NUM> may be disposed along or near the ankle portion in some embodiments. Furthermore, in some embodiments, as noted above, tensile element <NUM> can extend through various apertures, guide elements, or other securing elements and permit the wearer to modify dimensions of upper <NUM> to accommodate the proportions of the foot. More particularly, a tensile element may permit the wearer to tighten portions of upper <NUM> around the foot, and tensile element <NUM> can permit the wearer to loosen upper <NUM> to facilitate entry and removal of the foot from mouth <NUM>. In alternative embodiments, upper <NUM> may include other lace-receiving elements, such as straps, loops, eyelets, and D-rings.

Upper <NUM> may generally incorporate various provisions associated with uppers. Upper <NUM> may also be characterized by one or more layers disposed adjacent to one another. In some embodiments, each layer of upper <NUM> can be configured to provide various degrees of cushioning, tension, ventilation, shock absorption, energy return, support, as well as possibly other provisions.

For example, in some examples, upper <NUM> may include one or more layers, such as a first layer such as a base layer, and/or a second layer such as an outer liner or cover layer. Referring to <FIG>, according to the claimed invention, article <NUM> includes a first layer <NUM>, and a second layer <NUM>. First layer <NUM> may be disposed closest to a foot when article <NUM> is worn by a user. In some embodiments, first layer <NUM> can serve as a sockliner or a bootie. In another embodiment, first layer <NUM> can comprise the most rigid portion of upper <NUM>. In one embodiment, first layer <NUM> has a greater thickness than other layers of upper <NUM>. In some embodiments, first layer <NUM> has a proximal surface and an opposite facing distal surface. As shown in the Figures, the proximal surface is an interior facing side that defines interior cavity <NUM> of first layer <NUM>. In addition, the distal surface presents an exterior facing side (or outermost facing side) of first layer <NUM>.

In addition, upper <NUM> may include second layer <NUM> that is disposed adjacent, along or against a portion of the distal surface of first layer <NUM>. Second layer <NUM> can be disposed further away or distally from interior cavity <NUM> than first layer <NUM>. Second layer <NUM> can extend over only some portions of first layer <NUM> in some embodiments, or second layer <NUM> can be disposed such that it covers substantially all of the outer or exterior surface of first layer <NUM>. In some embodiments, second layer <NUM> may comprise at least a portion of the distal (outermost) or exposed surface of upper <NUM>. For example, in <FIG>, second layer <NUM> is disposed along vamp region <NUM>, instep region <NUM>, and ankle region <NUM>. Second layer <NUM> may also disposed be adjacent to sidewall <NUM> along forefoot region <NUM>, midfoot region <NUM>, and portions of heel region <NUM> of upper <NUM>. In some embodiments, second layer <NUM> has a greater stiffness than the material comprising first layer <NUM>, though in other embodiments, the stiffness of outer liner <NUM> may be greater or substantially similar to the stiffness of first layer <NUM>. In one embodiment, second layer <NUM> may be substantially water-resistant or water-repellent.

In different embodiments, each of the materials that may comprise the layer(s) of upper <NUM> can include various properties. The various portions of upper <NUM> may be formed from one or more of a plurality of material elements (e.g., textiles, polymer sheets, foam layers, leather, synthetic leather, knitted fabrics, etc.) that are stitched together or otherwise laid or disposed adjacent to one another to form upper <NUM>. Other materials that could be used in various embodiments include, but are not limited to, expanded rubber, foam rubber, various kinds of foams, polyurethane, nylon, Gore-Tex, leather, plastic, textiles, as well as possibly other materials. Other parts of upper <NUM> may be made from any of a plurality of materials or combination of materials, such as leather, leather-like materials, polymer materials, plastic materials, and textile fabrics and materials.

In addition, each of the layers comprising upper <NUM> may be formed from any generally two-dimensional material. As utilized with respect to the present invention, the term "two-dimensional material," or variants thereof, is intended to encompass generally flat materials exhibiting a length and a width that are substantially greater than a thickness. Accordingly, suitable materials for upper layers (e.g., first layer <NUM> and second layer <NUM>) include various textiles, polymer sheets, or combinations of textiles and polymer sheets, for example. Textiles are generally manufactured from fibers, filaments, or yarns that are, for example, either (a) produced directly from webs of fibers by bonding, fusing, or interlocking to construct non-woven fabrics and felts or (b) formed through a mechanical manipulation of yarn to produce a woven or knitted fabric. The textiles may incorporate fibers that are arranged to impart one-directional stretch or multidirectional stretch, and the textiles may include coatings that form a breathable and water-resistant barrier, for example. The polymer sheets may be extruded, rolled, or otherwise formed from a polymer material to exhibit a generally flat aspect. Two-dimensional materials may also encompass laminated or otherwise layered materials that include two or more layers of textiles, polymer sheets, or combinations of textiles and polymer sheets. In addition to textiles and polymer sheets, other two-dimensional materials may be utilized for upper <NUM>. Although two-dimensional materials may have smooth or generally untextured surfaces, some two-dimensional materials will exhibit textures or other surface characteristics, such as dimpling, protrusions, ribs, or various patterns, for example. Despite the presence of surface characteristics, two-dimensional materials remain generally flat and exhibit a length and a width that are substantially greater than a thickness. In some configurations, mesh materials or perforated materials may be utilized for the upper. For example, first layer <NUM> and/or second layer <NUM> may comprise a mesh material, which may impart greater breathability or air permeability to article <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, in some embodiments, article <NUM> can include provisions for helping to secure or fasten upper <NUM> and sole structure <NUM> to a foot. According to the claimed invention, article <NUM> includes a tensioning system <NUM>. Tensioning system <NUM> can help article <NUM> assume an expanded, loose, unsecured, or open state, where the user's foot can be readily inserted or removed from interior cavity <NUM> via mouth <NUM>, and a contracted, secured, closed, or tightened state, where a user's foot is or may be fully secured within interior cavity <NUM>.

In different embodiments, tensioning system <NUM> could incorporate various fastening provisions including tensile elements, straps, clasps, buckles, straps, cables, guide elements, zippers, or other kinds of components that may help secure upper <NUM> around a foot. According to the claimed invention, tensioning system includes a plurality of guide elements <NUM>, as noted above. According to the claimed invention, guide elements <NUM> comprise a looped portion formed by an elongated cable that is fixedly attached to a portion of the upper <NUM> and the sole structure <NUM>. Furthermore, tensioning system <NUM> can include a clasp mechanism <NUM>, shown in <FIG> adjacent to second layer <NUM> of upper <NUM> and engaged with tensile element <NUM>.

For purposes of this description, "fixedly attached" refers to an attachment between portions of different elements or materials where the portions are intended to remain attached during use of the article. In some embodiments, this may be referred to as permanently attached. Fixedly attached may be contrasted with surfaces that are adjustable or moveable, where components or materials are intended or readily capable of moving relative to one another. The fixed attachment may be formed through sewing, stitching, fusioning, bonding, gluing (by an adhesive or other agents), compressing, or a combination of thereof. In some embodiments, sidewall <NUM> may include provisions that strengthen or facilitate the attachment of guide elements <NUM> with article <NUM>. In <FIG> and <FIG>, for example, guide elements <NUM> comprise a free portion <NUM> and a fixed portion <NUM>. Fixed portion <NUM> comprises the portion of each guide element that is fixedly attached to upper <NUM>. Fixed portion <NUM> may provide greater reinforcement to tensioning system <NUM>. Further, fixed portion <NUM> can act as an anchoring region for tensioning system <NUM> in some embodiments. In <FIG> and <FIG>, fixed portion <NUM> is also disposed beneath sidewall <NUM>. In other words, in some embodiments, fixed portion <NUM> may be disposed between a distal or outermost surface of upper <NUM> and sidewall <NUM>.

As noted above, each guide element <NUM> can also include a free portion <NUM>. For purposes of this disclosure, "free" refers to the ability of an element or material to be moved or adjusted. Thus, free portion <NUM> may be adjusted or otherwise moved to the extent permitted by the disposition of fixed portion <NUM>. Free portion <NUM> may comprise a substantially curved or U-shaped element including an opening. In different embodiments, free portion <NUM> of guide elements <NUM> may be used to position or direct a portion of tensile element <NUM> along a specific orientation, as will be discussed further below.

Thus, in different embodiments, there may be a plurality of guide elements <NUM> attached to different portions of article <NUM>. In some embodiments, there may be guide elements <NUM> attached to either medial side <NUM> or lateral side <NUM> of article. In other embodiments, as shown in <FIG>, guide elements <NUM> include a medial guide set <NUM> arranged along medial side <NUM>. In some embodiments, medial guide set <NUM> can comprise a first medial guide <NUM>, a second medial guide <NUM>, a third medial guide <NUM>, and a fourth medial guide <NUM>, arranged along a direction substantially aligned with a longitudinal axis <NUM> on the medial side of first layer <NUM> of upper <NUM> adjacent to sidewall <NUM>. Furthermore, referring to <FIG>, in some embodiments, guide elements <NUM> can include a lateral guide set <NUM> arranged along lateral side <NUM>. Lateral guide set <NUM> can comprise a first lateral guide <NUM>, a second lateral guide <NUM>, a third lateral guide <NUM>, and a fourth lateral guide <NUM>, arranged along a direction substantially aligned with a longitudinal axis <NUM> on the lateral side of first layer <NUM> of upper <NUM> adjacent to sidewall <NUM>. In some embodiments, each guide element may be "paired" such that there is a medial side guide element and - arranged along a direction substantially aligned with a lateral axis <NUM> - a lateral guide element on the other side of the upper. Thus, in one embodiment, first lateral guide <NUM> and first medial guide <NUM> can comprise a pair, second lateral guide <NUM> and second medial guide <NUM> can comprise a pair, third lateral guide <NUM> and third medial guide <NUM> can comprise a pair, and fourth lateral guide <NUM> and fourth medial guide <NUM> can comprise a pair. Thus, in some embodiments, medial guide set <NUM> can be substantially symmetric with respect to lateral guide set <NUM>. In other embodiments, guide elements <NUM> may be joined to only one side of upper <NUM>, or there may be fewer guide elements on one side (e.g., the medial side or the lateral side) relative to the opposing side, or each pair may not be aligned along lateral axis <NUM>. For example, in some embodiments, the guide elements can be attached to upper <NUM> to form a staggered arrangement. In other embodiments, there may be no guide elements joined to upper <NUM>.

For purposes of this description, the term "symmetric" is used to characterize a fastening system that has a symmetry about some common axis. In other words, the medial side of tensioning system <NUM> can be substantially similar to the lateral side of tensioning system <NUM>. In one embodiment, the symmetric configuration represents each of the lateral side and medial side of the fastening system being a mirror image of the other.

As shown in <FIG>, article <NUM> may include provisions for further securing various portions of guide elements <NUM> and/or fastening elements. In different embodiments, tensile element <NUM> may include a first end portion <NUM> and a second end portion <NUM>, representing the portions of tensile element <NUM> that is substantially free and exposed in tensioning system <NUM>. In other words, first end portion <NUM> and second end portion <NUM> may be associated with the maximum amount of lace that can potentially be utilized by the remainder of tensioning system <NUM> to provide a loosening of article <NUM>. In different embodiments, the length of first end portion <NUM> and/or second end portion <NUM> may be greater or less than that depicted here. Furthermore, the length of first end portion <NUM> may be substantially similar to second end portion <NUM> (as shown in <FIG>) in the secured state, or they may differ from one another. For purposes of this disclosure, the length of first end portion <NUM> and/or second end portion <NUM> represents the distance from clasp mechanism <NUM> to end points <NUM> (shown here with respect to first end portion <NUM>) of tensile element <NUM>. Thus, in the embodiments depicted in <FIG>, a single tensile element (shown herein as a lace) is shown routed through tensioning system <NUM>. However, it should be understood that, in other embodiments, there may be two or more tensile elements with multiple end portions and/or available slack.

Additionally, as noted above, <FIG> represent a secured or closed state of article <NUM>, in which article <NUM> is deemed to be fully tensioned and ready for use by a given user. In some cases, a user may desire to loosen or adjust the fit and tension associated with article. Article <NUM> may include provisions for securing, removing, or otherwise adjusting the fit of a foot in article <NUM>. Referring to <FIG>, a sequence of figures depicting the loosening of an example of tensioning system <NUM> is shown. Tensioning system <NUM> and/or upper <NUM> may include a secured state (depicted in <FIG>), where article <NUM> is closed and/or tightened. In the secured state, tensile element <NUM> - in conjunction with first layer <NUM> and second layer <NUM> - may exert a compressive force or tension along instep region <NUM> and/or vamp region <NUM>, as well as a portion of ankle region <NUM> in some cases. However, tensioning system <NUM> and/or upper <NUM> may include an open state, where article <NUM> has been loosened, and various components (e.g., portions of first layer <NUM>, second layer <NUM>, tensile element <NUM>) are free to move or expand in different directions. In one embodiment, a user may adjust tensile element <NUM> to adjust the fit of a foot in article <NUM> (or remove a foot from article <NUM>) and transition article <NUM> from the secured or closed state to the loosened or open state.

It should be understood that the following figures are for purposes of illustration only, and each of the components described above with respect to <FIG> may be included or referred to in the description while not illustrated in the figures.

In some embodiments, as noted above with respect to the various guide elements, tensile element <NUM> may engage with elements or materials disposed in different areas of upper <NUM>. Thus, upper <NUM> may include additional or different provisions for routing tensile element <NUM> (beyond guide elements <NUM> of first layer <NUM> as shown in <FIG> and <FIG>) in different embodiments. For example, referring to <FIG> and <FIG>, in some embodiments, tensioning system <NUM> includes clasp mechanism <NUM>. In some embodiments, a user may adjust or manipulate clasp mechanism <NUM> to shift the position of tensile element <NUM> and/or to create slack in tensioning system <NUM>, transitioning article <NUM> from the secured state to the open state. In some embodiments, tensile element <NUM> or other aspects of article <NUM> as described herein may be utilized with or refer to any of the techniques, concepts, features, elements, methods, and/or components of Spanks et al. , <CIT>, (previously <CIT>), titled "A Fastening Mechanism For Use With A Lacing Element.

One embodiment of a transition process from the secured to loosened state is depicted in the sequence of <FIG>. In <FIG>, clasp mechanism <NUM> has been pulled or slid along the two end portions of tensile element <NUM>, decreasing the lengths of first end portion <NUM> and second end portion <NUM>, and similarly increasing the amount of slack available to tensioning system <NUM>, such that tensioning system <NUM> is no longer in the secured state (the secured state being illustrated in <FIG>).

In different embodiments, as clasp mechanism <NUM> is moved toward the end points of tensile element <NUM> (e.g., end points <NUM>), the tensile element may comprise a first slack portion <NUM> and a second slack portion <NUM>, representing the portions of tensile element <NUM> that are free to be utilized by the remainder of tensioning system <NUM> and routed through the routing elements (e.g., the guide elements or, as will be discussed below, the strap guides). In other words, first slack portion <NUM> and second slack portion <NUM> may be associated with the amount of lace that is ready and available for the remainder of tensioning system <NUM> to permit a slack or loosening in the article <NUM> to occur. In different embodiments, the length of first slack portion <NUM> and second slack portion <NUM> may be greater or less than that depicted here. Furthermore, the length of first slack portion <NUM> may be substantially similar to second slack portion <NUM>, or they may differ from one another. For purposes of this disclosure, the length of first slack portion <NUM> and/or second slack portion <NUM> represents the distance from clasp mechanism <NUM> to the interface within second layer <NUM>. In some embodiments, the interface can comprise one or more apertures. In <FIG>, second layer <NUM> includes a first aperture <NUM> and a second aperture <NUM>. In different embodiments, each aperture can be configured to receive a portion of tensile element <NUM>. The size and shape of the apertures can vary, and each aperture may comprise different dimensions. In the embodiment of <FIG>, first aperture <NUM> and second aperture <NUM> comprise substantially round holes or openings within the thickness of second layer <NUM>. Furthermore, each aperture can have a size (i.e., cross-sectional area) substantially similar to or larger than the width or cross-sectional area of tensile element <NUM>, facilitating a smooth movement or passage of the lace with respect to the aperture.

Referring now to the medial side view of <FIG>, article <NUM> is shown as it further transitions from the open state to a fully loosened state. This can allow additional dimensions of article <NUM> to be further adjusted or widened. Thus, the embodiments of <FIG> depict various levels or degrees of loosening that can be associated with tensioning system <NUM>. It should be understood that a user may cease loosening article <NUM> at any time, and article <NUM> can be identified as comprising an open state where a foot may no longer be optimally secured in the article. However, a fully loosened state is one in which the article has been loosened to the maximum extent possible by the fastening system. With each enlargement of upper <NUM> as described herein, a user may be able to more readily slip on article <NUM> or remove article <NUM>.

In <FIG>, the medial side view depicts a view of a proximal side <NUM> and an opposing distal side <NUM> of second layer <NUM>. Proximal side <NUM> may be understood to generally face toward an outermost or distal surface <NUM> of first layer <NUM>. In some embodiments, proximal side <NUM> directly contacts distal surface <NUM> of first layer. For example, during the closed or secured configuration depicted in <FIG>, a substantial portion of proximal side <NUM> can contact or press against distal surface <NUM>. Furthermore, according to the claimed invention, as will be discussed in greater detail below with respect to <FIG>, it can be seen that the underside (in other words, proximal side <NUM>) of second layer <NUM> includes a plurality of strap guides <NUM>.

Strap guides <NUM> can be substantially similar to guide elements <NUM> in some embodiments. However, in other embodiments - as depicted in <FIG> - strap guides <NUM> can comprise a folded strap or substantially two-dimensional portion of material that is at least partially attached to upper <NUM>, forming a looped region configured to receive a portion of tensile element <NUM>. In <FIG>, strap guides <NUM> comprise at least a medial strap set <NUM> including a first strap guide <NUM>, a second strap guide <NUM>, a third strap guide <NUM>, and a fourth strap guide <NUM> arranged along a direction substantially aligned with longitudinal axis <NUM> on the medial side of proximal side <NUM> of second layer <NUM> of upper <NUM>. As will be discussed further below with respect to <FIG>, strap guides <NUM> may also (or alternatively) comprise one or more strap guides <NUM> that are attached to lateral side <NUM> of second layer <NUM> in some embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, article <NUM> also includes a lateral strap set that is substantially similar to medial strap set <NUM>, where the lateral strap set is arranged along lateral side <NUM> of second layer <NUM>. Thus, it should be understood that details or features directed to strap guides herein may also apply to additional strap guides that will be identified in later figures.

Strap guides <NUM> in <FIG> and <FIG> are fixedly attached to proximal side <NUM> of second layer <NUM>. Thus, in some embodiments (such as the secured state of <FIG>), strap guides <NUM> may be disposed, positioned, or "sandwiched" between distal surface <NUM> of first layer <NUM> and proximal side <NUM> of second layer <NUM>. Referring to <FIG>, it can be seen that a top portion <NUM> of second layer <NUM> includes fourth strap guide <NUM> on medial side <NUM> and a fifth strap guide <NUM> on lateral side <NUM> of proximal side <NUM>. Fourth strap guide <NUM> forms a first channel <NUM> configured to receive a portion of tensile element <NUM>, and fifth strap guide <NUM> forms a second channel <NUM> configured to receive a portion of tensile element <NUM>. It can be seen that each channel formed in the strap guides (e.g., first channel <NUM> and second channel <NUM>) has a size or circumference large enough to accommodate the tensile element. In some embodiments, the size of a channel may be substantially larger than the thickness of the tensile element. In one embodiment, the channel can be sized to provide an opening large enough for the tensile element to move or slide within the channel in a direction substantially aligned with lateral axis <NUM>. In some embodiments, this feature can allow tensioning system <NUM> to adjust the tension associated with upper <NUM> and surrounding interior cavity <NUM>, providing the system with the flexibility to adjust to varying foot sizes, shapes, and volumes.

In different embodiments, tensioning system <NUM> may include other components. For example, extending in a direction substantially aligned with lateral axis <NUM>, a first reinforcing element <NUM> is shown in <FIG>. First reinforcing element <NUM> can vary in length in different embodiments. For purposes of reference, first reinforcing element <NUM> can comprise multiple regions or segments. As shown in <FIG>, first reinforcing element <NUM> has a first segment <NUM>, a second segment <NUM>, a third segment <NUM>, a fourth segment <NUM>, and a fifth segment <NUM>. In some embodiments, first segment <NUM> can be joined to or fixedly attached to at least a portion of fourth strap guide <NUM>, and fifth segment <NUM> can be joined to or fixedly attached to at least a portion of fifth strap guide <NUM>. In some embodiments, the incorporation of a portion of first reinforcing element <NUM> with the strap guides can strengthen or reinforce the resistance of the strap guide to stretch and/or help minimize wear and tear as the tensile element moves through the strap guide. In addition, in some embodiments, the attachment of first segment <NUM> to fourth strap guide <NUM> can help ensure that tensile element <NUM> is securely routed through the strap guides through multiple uses, application of repeated force, and high stress. This can be especially important as the strap guides are positioned on the underside of second layer <NUM>, where tensile element <NUM> can exert a strong downward pulling force on the strap guide. Thus, first reinforcing element <NUM> can bolster and augment the strength of the receiving channels of the strap guides.

In different embodiments, second layer <NUM> may include provisions for providing additional stability, support, or routing mechanism to first reinforcing element <NUM>. For example, in some embodiments, third segment <NUM> of first reinforcing element <NUM> can be covered, protected, or otherwise inserted within a portion of second layer <NUM>. In <FIG>, a first tunnel portion <NUM> of second layer <NUM> is formed near the midline of second layer <NUM>, generally midway between fourth strap guide <NUM> and fifth strap guide <NUM>. First tunnel portion <NUM> can comprise a pocket, channel, tunnel, tube, or other type of snug receiving chamber in different embodiments through which a portion of first reinforcing element <NUM> can be extended. In some embodiments, first tunnel portion <NUM> can be integrally formed with second layer <NUM>. In other embodiments, first tunnel portion <NUM> can comprise an additional piece of material added or joined to second layer <NUM> to form a channel.

Furthermore, second segment <NUM> and fourth segment <NUM> can comprise generally unattached, exposed, visible, or free portions of first reinforcing element <NUM>. In other words, second segment <NUM> can be understood to extend from fourth strap guide <NUM> to a medial side end of first tunnel portion <NUM>, and fourth segment <NUM> can be understood to extend from fifth strap guide <NUM> to a lateral side end of first tunnel portion <NUM>. In other embodiments, first tunnel portion <NUM> may be longer and third segment <NUM> can have a greater length. In another embodiment, there may be no tunnel portions formed along second layer <NUM> and the length of first reinforcing element <NUM> extending between fourth strap guide <NUM> and fifth strap guide <NUM> may be entirely exposed or visible.

In different embodiments, components of tensioning system <NUM> such as first reinforcing element <NUM> or the guide elements described earlier can include various materials. In some embodiments, the materials comprising first reinforcing element <NUM> or a guide element can be substantially similar to those used for tensile element. In other embodiments, the materials may differ. For purposes of this disclosure, tensile elements, guide elements, and/or reinforcing elements may be formed from any generally one-dimensional material. As utilized with respect to the present invention, the term "one-dimensional material" or variants thereof is intended to encompass generally elongated materials exhibiting a length that is substantially greater than a width and a thickness. Accordingly, suitable materials for tensile elements, guide elements, and/or reinforcing elements include various filaments, fibers, yarns, threads, cables, or ropes that are formed from rayon, nylon, polyester, polyacrylic, silk, cotton, carbon, glass, aramids (e.g., para-aramid fibers and meta-aramid fibers), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, liquid crystal polymer, copper, aluminum, and steel. Whereas filaments have an indefinite length and may be utilized individually as tensile elements, fibers have a relatively short length and generally go through spinning or twisting processes to produce a strand of suitable length. An individual filament utilized in the tensile element, guide elements, and/or reinforcing elements may be formed form a single material (i.e., a monocomponent filament) or from multiple materials (i.e., a bicomponent filament). Similarly, different filaments may be formed from different materials. As an example, yarns utilized as tensile elements, guide elements, and/or reinforcing elements may include filaments that are each formed from a common material, may include filaments that are each formed from two or more different materials, or may include filaments that are each formed from two or more different materials. Similar concepts also apply to threads, cables, or ropes. The thickness of tensile elements, guide elements, and/or reinforcing elements may also vary significantly to range from <NUM> millimeters to more than <NUM> millimeters, for example. Although one-dimensional materials will often have a cross section where width and thickness are substantially equal (e.g., a round or square cross section), some one-dimensional materials may have a width that is greater than a thickness (e.g., a rectangular, oval, or otherwise elongated cross section). Despite the greater width, a material may be considered one dimensional if a length of the material is substantially greater than a width and a thickness of the material. In addition, some portions of a tensile element, guide elements, and/or reinforcing elements can comprise brio cables in some embodiments. For example, in order to provide the desired reinforcement to strap guides, the material comprising a reinforcement element may partially or entirely use brio cables or other high tensile, lightweight, synthetic cable materials. In some embodiments, the tensile elements, guide elements, strap guides, and/or reinforcement elements described herein can comprise materials, features, or elements disclosed in Dojan, <CIT> (previously <CIT>) and entitled "Footwear Having An Upper With Forefoot Tensile Strand Elements," Dojan et al. , <CIT> (previously <CIT>) and entitled "Article Of Footwear Incorporating Tensile Strands and Securing Strands," and Meschter, <CIT> (previously <CIT>) and entitled "Article Of Footwear Having An Upper With Thread Structural Elements". As another example, if desired, the materials of tensioning system <NUM> material may include high-strength threads or other reinforcing and/or shape-defining structures at selected locations in the upper material construction (such as the high-strength thread used in various FLYWIRE™ footwear products available from NIKE, Inc. of Beaverton, Oregon, etc.).

Thus, in different embodiments, tensioning system <NUM> may include provisions for securing tensile element <NUM>, and/or for routing tensile element <NUM> in a specific orientation. In some embodiments of tensioning system <NUM>, portions of tensile element <NUM> can extend from distal side <NUM> through apertures in second layer <NUM> (i.e., first aperture <NUM> and second aperture <NUM> as shown in <FIG> and <FIG>) and be routed through different elements of tensioning system <NUM>. These elements can include various guide elements <NUM> (see <FIG> and <FIG>) and/or strap guides <NUM> (see <FIG> and <FIG>). One example of a routing arrangement on the medial side of article <NUM> is depicted in <FIG>. In <FIG>, tensile element <NUM> can be seen extending from distal side <NUM>, through the thickness of second layer <NUM> along first aperture <NUM>, and continuing between proximal side <NUM> and distal surface <NUM> of first layer <NUM>. Tensile element <NUM> is then routed downward toward sole structure <NUM> and into the loop associated with fourth guide element <NUM>, from which it emerges and extends upward toward second layer <NUM> to be routed through the channel formed within fourth strap guide <NUM>. Tensile element <NUM> continues from fourth strap guide <NUM> in a downward direction toward sole structure <NUM>, and into the loop associated with third medial guide <NUM>, from which it emerges and extends upward toward second layer <NUM> to be routed through the channel formed within third strap guide <NUM>. In addition, tensile element <NUM> can then extend from third strap guide <NUM> in a downward direction toward sole structure <NUM>, and into the loop associated with second medial guide <NUM>, from which it emerges and extends upward toward second layer <NUM> to be routed through the channel formed within second strap guide <NUM>. From second strap guide <NUM>, tensile element <NUM> emerges to extend in a downward direction into the loop of first medial guide <NUM>, from which it again extends upward into first strap guide <NUM>. In other words, in some embodiments, tensile element <NUM> can be routed through multiple looped guides in a zig-zag or undulating manner, extending generally in a direction substantially aligned with longitudinal axis <NUM>.

In some embodiments, following its routing across medial side <NUM>, tensile element <NUM> can continue to be routed across a central portion of upper <NUM>, in a direction substantially aligned with lateral direction <NUM>. In one embodiment, first layer <NUM> may include an additional routing strap (see <FIG>) to facilitate the routing of tensile element <NUM> from medial side <NUM> to lateral side <NUM>. In the embodiments depicted herein, lateral side <NUM> of article <NUM> includes a substantially similar lacing arrangement as that described with respect to medial side <NUM>. In other words, the lacing arrangement may be substantially symmetrical on the medial and lateral sides of the article in some embodiments, as shown here. However, in other embodiments, the routing of tensile element <NUM> along lateral side <NUM> may differ from that depicted herein for medial side <NUM>.

<FIG> provides an example of a possible loosened or open configuration for article <NUM>. In the open configuration, it can be seen that second layer <NUM> can be pulled forward toward forefoot region <NUM> in some embodiments, permitting a fully untensioned configuration for the bootie-like structure comprising first layer <NUM>. Thus, in <FIG>, first layer <NUM> is expanded to a maximum volume. In some embodiments, open state represents article <NUM> when interior cavity <NUM> is most capable of readily and comfortably receiving a foot. In <FIG>, upper <NUM> is in the open state, such that a foot would not necessarily be secure within article <NUM>. In different embodiments, in order to transition article <NUM> back to a closed state, laces (if removed) can be rerouted as described herein. Furthermore, a pulling force can be exerted on the end portions of tensile element <NUM> to reduce the slack and tighten upper <NUM>.

In one embodiment, the fully loosened state can be facilitated by the ability of second layer <NUM> to be pulled away from or be freed from contact with first layer <NUM>. In some embodiments, second layer <NUM> can comprise a flap portion <NUM> and an anchored portion <NUM>, where flap portion <NUM> comprises a substantially free or unattached portion of second layer <NUM>, and anchored portion <NUM> is joined or connected to first layer <NUM>. In some embodiments, anchored portion <NUM> is fixedly attached to first layer <NUM>, and can provide a type of hinge region about which flap portion <NUM> can be configured to swivel. In some embodiments, only some portions of anchored portion <NUM> are fixedly attached to first layer <NUM>. For example, in <FIG>, a peripheral border <NUM> of anchored portion <NUM> is fixedly attached to first layer <NUM>, while a center portion <NUM> remains unattached or free of first layer <NUM>. Thus, in some embodiments, center portion <NUM> of second layer <NUM> can accommodate additional components or materials between proximal side <NUM> and distal surface <NUM>.

Thus, in some embodiments, it can be seen that only the inward-facing surface of second layer <NUM> (proximal side <NUM>) includes fastening elements, while the distal side is relatively smooth. Referring back to <FIG>, article <NUM> may include a substantially "hidden" or covered fastening system, where the strap guides are disposed underneath second layer <NUM> and are not generally visible in the closed state. Furthermore, a majority of the lacing or tensile element <NUM> is arranged beneath second layer <NUM> in the closed state and also "hidden" or generally not visible. In other words, when a user wears article <NUM>, a substantial majority of the instep and vamp regions are free of lacing, and the majority of article <NUM> appears to have a smooth external or outward-facing surface. In some embodiments, this can allow a user to engage in various activities such as high-contact sports (e.g., basketball, wrestling, football) and decrease the likelihood of article <NUM> being caught or snagged by an external component. In addition, by covering the majority of tensile element <NUM> with distal side <NUM> of second layer <NUM>, tensile element <NUM> can be protected over long-term or repeated use, increasing the longevity of tensioning system <NUM> and its effectiveness in providing tension to article <NUM>.

In addition, during walking, running, or other ambulatory activities, a foot within the interior cavity of an article may tend to stretch upper <NUM>. That is, many of the material elements forming upper <NUM> may stretch when placed in tension by movements of the foot. Although some portions of tensioning system <NUM> may also stretch, tensile element <NUM>, guide elements <NUM>, and strap guides <NUM> generally stretch to a lesser degree than the other material elements forming upper <NUM> (e.g., first layer <NUM> and/or second layer <NUM>). In some embodiments, tensile element <NUM> and corresponding guide elements <NUM>, and strap guides <NUM> may be arranged to provide structural components in upper <NUM> that (a) resist stretching in specific directions or locations, (b) limit excess movement of the foot relative to sole structure <NUM> and upper <NUM>, (c) ensure that the foot remains properly positioned relative to sole structure <NUM> and upper <NUM>, (d) reinforce locations where forces are concentrated, and/or (e) exert a compressive wraparound tension around portions of upper <NUM> to snugly secure a foot in article <NUM>.

As described above, in some embodiments, article <NUM> includes upper <NUM> that can comprise several layers. Furthermore, tensioning system <NUM> of article <NUM> may include various tensile or routing components that may contact different layers of upper <NUM> and/or sole structure <NUM>. Each layer of upper <NUM> and portions of the tensioning system can be designed to extend around or interact with various regions along article <NUM>. This arrangement can be observed in <FIG>, which comprises an exploded isometric view of one embodiment of article <NUM>. Sole structure <NUM> is disposed nearest to the bottom, while the layers comprising upper <NUM> are disposed above.

As noted previously, first layer <NUM> can be configured to form interior cavity <NUM> for insertion of a wearer's foot. Disposed adjacent to and above first layer <NUM> is second layer <NUM>, described above with respect to <FIG>. In one embodiment, second layer <NUM> is disposed further from interior cavity <NUM> than first layer <NUM>. Furthermore, as shown in <FIG>, portions of the tensioning system can be disposed between layers. In one embodiment, a routing strap <NUM> comprising a looped or folded strap-like material, can be fixedly attached to first layer <NUM>, as discussed previously. Routing strap <NUM> can be located in forefoot region <NUM> or midfoot region <NUM>. In one embodiment, routing strap <NUM> is disposed beneath the anchored portion of second layer <NUM> (see <FIG>) when article <NUM> is assembled.

In addition, though not shown here, strap guides can be fixedly attached to proximal side <NUM> of second layer <NUM>. In some embodiments, tensile element <NUM> may be routed through the plurality of strap guides and guide elements and have an undulating arrangement, as discussed above. Furthermore, clasp mechanism <NUM> is shown adjacent to second layer <NUM>, configured to receive and secure portions of tensile element <NUM>.

As noted with respect to strap guides, in some embodiments, some portions of the fastening system may not be visible when article <NUM> is assembled. For example, it can be seen that in some embodiments, guide elements <NUM> can include segments that extend beneath upper <NUM>. In other words, in some embodiments, there can be portions of guide elements <NUM> that are disposed or "sandwiched" between upper <NUM> and sole structure <NUM>. Referring to <FIG>, some guide elements <NUM> include a bridge portion <NUM>. For purposes of this disclosure, bridge portion <NUM> refers to portions of one or more guide elements that extend beneath upper <NUM>. In some embodiments, bridge portion <NUM> may connect or join or bridge one guide element to another guide element. Thus, in <FIG>, bridge portion <NUM> comprises of four strands, each extending continuously from one end of a guide element and joining a guide element on the opposite side of article <NUM>. It should be understood that while bridge portion <NUM> is identified for purposes of reference as a distinct portion of some guide elements <NUM>, in some embodiments, bridge portion <NUM> can represent the same material as a first guide element as it extends underneath upper <NUM> and then wraps upward along the opposing side of upper <NUM>, forming a second guide element. Bridge portion <NUM> will be discussed in greater detail with respect to <FIG>.

During different activities, article <NUM> may include provisions for dispersing the amount of force directed to various regions of a foot through the tensioning system. In some embodiments, second layer <NUM> may be configured to protect or distribute forces around upper <NUM>. Referring now to <FIG>, proximal side <NUM> of second layer <NUM> is shown in isolation for purposes of illustration. While second layer <NUM> may be entirely removable in other embodiments, it should be understood that the isolated view provided in <FIG> is for illustrative purposes only, and that in the figures depicted herein, second layer <NUM> includes a portion that is fixedly attached to first layer <NUM> (anchored portion <NUM>), as well as a portion that is unattached or free from first layer <NUM> (flap portion <NUM>).

As discussed above, second layer <NUM> may include a plurality of strap guides <NUM> disposed adjacent to proximal side <NUM> of second layer <NUM>. In <FIG>, strap guides <NUM> comprise medial strap set <NUM>, including first strap guide <NUM>, second strap guide <NUM>, third strap guide <NUM>, and fourth strap guide <NUM>, arranged along a direction substantially aligned with longitudinal axis <NUM> on medial side <NUM>. Furthermore, strap guides comprise lateral strap set <NUM>, including fifth strap guide <NUM>, a sixth strap guide <NUM>, a seventh strap guide <NUM>, and an eighth strap guide <NUM>, arranged along a direction substantially aligned with longitudinal axis <NUM> on lateral side <NUM>. In addition, as discussed above with respect to <FIG> and first reinforcing element <NUM>, second layer <NUM> may include provisions for providing additional stability, support, or routing mechanism to one or more reinforcing elements. For example, in some embodiments, a segment of a second reinforcing element <NUM> can be covered, protected, or otherwise inserted within a second tunnel portion <NUM> of second layer <NUM> near the midline of second layer <NUM>, generally midway between third strap guide <NUM> and sixth strap guide <NUM>. Similarly, a segment of a third reinforcing element <NUM> can be enclosed within a third tunnel portion <NUM>, and a segment of a fourth reinforcing element <NUM> can be enclosed with a fourth tunnel portion <NUM>.

Second layer <NUM> can include provisions for facilitating attachment to the first layer and/or the sole structure in some embodiments. It can be seen in <FIG> that each portion comprises various edges, forming differently shaped and sized regions. For example, anchored portion <NUM> comprises peripheral border <NUM> that includes a forefoot edge <NUM> extending around the lower part of second layer <NUM> to bound and define a generally round shape. Furthermore, anchored portion <NUM> includes a medial vamp edge <NUM> joined to forefoot edge <NUM> along medial side <NUM> and a lateral vamp edge <NUM> joined to forefoot edge <NUM> along lateral side <NUM>. Each of medial vamp edge <NUM> and lateral vamp edge <NUM> are oriented such that when assembled with article <NUM>, medial vamp edge <NUM> and lateral vamp edge <NUM> will extend in a direction substantially aligned with a vertical axis (the up-down axis, extending between a sole structure and an upper). In some embodiments, forefoot edge <NUM>, medial vamp edge <NUM>, and lateral vamp edge <NUM> can be fixedly attached to the first layer and/or sole structure, while center portion <NUM> of anchored portion <NUM> remains unattached.

In addition, flap portion <NUM> can comprise various edges associated with different portions of article <NUM> in the closed state. For example, in <FIG>, flap portion <NUM> has a medial instep edge <NUM> joined to medial ankle edge <NUM>, which extends toward a middle region to form a central ankle edge <NUM>. Similarly, central ankle edge <NUM> extends toward lateral side <NUM> to form a lateral ankle edge <NUM>, which extends further forward to form a lateral instep edge <NUM>. Each of medial instep edge <NUM> and lateral instep edge <NUM> are oriented such that when assembled with article <NUM>, medial instep edge <NUM> and lateral instep edge <NUM> will extend in a direction substantially aligned with longitudinal axis <NUM>. In some embodiments, medial instep edge <NUM> and lateral instep edge <NUM> are substantially parallel to one another. Thus, in some embodiments, one or more reinforcing elements (e.g., first reinforcing element <NUM>) extends from a medial edge (here, medial instep edge <NUM>) of second layer <NUM> to a lateral edge (here, lateral instep edge <NUM>) of second layer <NUM>.

In addition, each of medial ankle edge <NUM> and lateral ankle edge <NUM> are oriented such that when assembled with article <NUM>, medial ankle edge <NUM> and lateral ankle edge <NUM> will extend in a direction substantially diagonal with respect to longitudinal axis <NUM> and lateral axis <NUM>. Furthermore, medial ankle edge <NUM> and lateral ankle edge <NUM> will extend in a generally upward direction, adjacent to the ankle region of the article. Similarly, central ankle edge <NUM> is oriented such that when assembled with article <NUM> central ankle edge <NUM> extends in a direction substantially aligned with lateral axis <NUM> and adjacent to the ankle region of the article.

Furthermore, in some cases, second layer <NUM> may have a width that is generally constant throughout second layer <NUM>. In other embodiments, as shown in <FIG>, second layer <NUM>, may vary in width along one portion relative to another portion. For example, the average width of anchored portion <NUM> is greater than the average width of flap portion <NUM> in <FIG>. Thus, in some embodiments, second layer <NUM> could only extend partially across the width of the full upper over the lateral direction.

In different embodiments, the degree of compression that portions of second layer <NUM> may withstand from a given force can vary according to factors including, but not limited to, desired cushioning properties, upper materials, the geometry of second layer <NUM> as well as possibly other factors. Second layer <NUM> may also include provisions for drainage, breathability, quick drying, and/or ventilation in some embodiments. Thus, in different embodiments, second layer <NUM> may be configured to help mitigate the effect of various forces applied to the instep portion of a foot. In <FIG>, when second layer <NUM> is fully engaged with first layer <NUM> (wherein upper <NUM> is in the closed state), vamp region <NUM>, instep region <NUM>, and ankle region <NUM> of upper <NUM> can be securely wrapped around at least a portion of a user's foot by tensioning system <NUM> as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a hoop stress or circumferential stress may be applied over the area of a user's foot forward of the ankle through utilization of tensioning system <NUM>. In <FIG>, a sustained compressive tension can be transmitted or distributed throughout the various elements of tensioning system <NUM>. In one embodiment, a user may be able to readily increase the snug fit of an article with a relatively simple pulling step along clasp mechanism <NUM>. Tensioning system <NUM> may also allow a user to apply a compressive force around vamp region <NUM>, instep region <NUM>, and ankle region <NUM> of article <NUM> in some embodiments.

Furthermore, it should be understood that depending upon the specific configuration of article <NUM> and the intended use of article <NUM>, first layer <NUM> and/or second layer <NUM> may be non-stretch materials, materials with one directional stretch, or materials with two-directional stretch, for example. In general, forming the layers of upper <NUM> from materials with two-directional stretch provides upper <NUM> with a greater ability to conform to the contours of the foot, thereby enhancing the comfort of article <NUM>. In configurations where one or more of the layers have two-directional stretch, the combination of tensile element <NUM> with the layers can effectively vary the stretch characteristics of upper <NUM> in specific locations. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the overall stretch and tension characteristics of particular areas of upper <NUM> may be controlled by tensioning system <NUM>.

In <FIG>, a bottom-side view of sole structure <NUM> is illustrated. As noted with respect to <FIG>, in some embodiments, there may be components of the fastening system that extend beneath the upper, or between the upper and sole structure <NUM>. <FIG> includes several bridge portions extending diagonally in a direction generally aligned with lateral axis <NUM> from a guide element formed on medial side <NUM> to a guide element formed on lateral side <NUM>. As an example, <FIG> depicts a first bridge portion <NUM>, a second bridge portion <NUM>, a third portion <NUM>, and a fourth bridge portion <NUM> are shown in dotted lines, extending between lateral side <NUM> and medial side <NUM>. Thus, in some embodiments, there may be elements of the fastening system that extend continuously along the lateral direction from medial side <NUM> to lateral side <NUM> along the underside of the upper.

In examples, not according to the claimed invention, alternative mechanisms or elements may be included in a fastening system. As one example, <FIG> depicts a second article of footwear ("second article") <NUM> with a second fastening system <NUM>. Second fastening system <NUM> includes first layer <NUM> and second layer <NUM>, which may be understood to be substantially similar to first layer and second layer as described above. However, rather than looped guide elements attached to the sides of upper <NUM>, some examples, not according to the claimed invention, can include folded straps that can route tensile element <NUM>. For example, second article <NUM> includes a first folded strap <NUM> and a second folded strap <NUM>. Each folded strap can comprise a free portion <NUM> and a fixed portion <NUM>. Fixed portion <NUM> comprises the portion of each folded strap that is fixedly attached to upper <NUM>. Fixed portion <NUM> may provide greater reinforcement to second fastening system <NUM>. Further, fixed portion <NUM> can act as an anchoring region for second fastening system <NUM> in some examples, not according to the claimed invention. In <FIG>, fixed portion <NUM> is also disposed beneath sidewall <NUM> of sole structure <NUM>. In other words, in some examples not according to the claimed invention, fixed portion <NUM> may be disposed between an outermost or distal surface of upper <NUM> and sidewall <NUM>. Free portion <NUM> may comprise a substantially folded region of the strap, and includes a channel or opening. In different examples, not according to the claimed invention, free portion <NUM> of folded straps may be used to position or direct a portion of tensile element <NUM> along a specific orientation.

Furthermore, second fastening system <NUM> can include a heel reinforcement <NUM> that can be a substantially two-dimensional material that is sized and dimensioned to provide a wraparound compressive force along heel region <NUM>. Heel reinforcement <NUM> can extend around heel region <NUM> along both the medial and lateral sides of second article <NUM> in some examples, not according to the claimed invention. In addition, heel reinforcement <NUM> can include an anchoring portion <NUM> in some examples, not according to the claimed invention. Anchoring portion <NUM> can provide a securing region in which a portion of tensile element <NUM> can be routed or fixedly attached. In other words, in some examples, not according to the claimed invention, tensile element <NUM> may be routed through anchoring portion <NUM> and be free to move through the region. However, in other examples, not according to the claimed invention, tensile element <NUM> can be fixedly attached beneath anchoring portion <NUM>, and provide a point of stability and reinforcement to second fastening system <NUM>. In addition, when a user tightens upper <NUM>, heel reinforcement <NUM> can be pulled against the foot and provide a more snug fit around the foot of a wearer.

This description of features, systems, and components is not intended to be exhaustive, and in other embodiments, the article may include other features, systems, and/or components. Moreover, in other embodiments, some of these features, systems, and/or components could be optional. As an example, some embodiments may not include reinforcing elements or a sidewall of the sole structure.

Claim 1:
An article of footwear (<NUM>), the article of footwear (<NUM>) comprising:
a sole structure (<NUM>); an upper (<NUM>), the upper (<NUM>) including a first layer (<NUM>) and a second layer (<NUM>);
the first layer (<NUM>) extending through a forefoot region (<NUM>), a midfoot region (<NUM>), and a heel region (<NUM>) of the upper (<NUM>); the second layer (<NUM>) positioned over a distal surface of the first layer (<NUM>) so that the second layer (<NUM>) covers at least a portion of an instep region (<NUM>) of the article of footwear (<NUM>);
a tensioning system (<NUM>), the tensioning system (<NUM>) comprising a tensile element (<NUM>), a plurality of guide elements (<NUM>), and a plurality of strap guides (<NUM>);
the plurality of guide elements (<NUM>) being positioned adjacent to a periphery of the first layer (<NUM>) of the upper (<NUM>);
the second layer (<NUM>) having a proximal surface (<NUM>) and a distal surface (<NUM>);
the plurality of strap guides (<NUM>) being attached to the proximal surface (<NUM>) of the second layer (<NUM>);
the tensile element (<NUM>) being routed through each of the plurality of guide elements (<NUM>) and through each of the plurality of strap guides (<NUM>); and
at least a portion of the tensile element (<NUM>) being routed between the distal surface (<NUM>) of the first layer (<NUM>) and the proximal surface (<NUM>) of the second layer (<NUM>);
characterized in that the plurality of guide elements (<NUM>) comprises a looped portion formed by an elongated cable that is fixedly attached to a portion of the upper (<NUM>) and the sole structure (<NUM>).