Patent Description:
Such a cutting insert can be a feature of a non-rotary cutting tool, in particular for, inter alia, turning cutting operations.

Cutting inserts can be provided with a chip-control arrangement for controlling the flow of and/or controlling the shape and size of the swarf and debris resulting from metalworking operations.

Such chip-control arrangements usually include recesses and/or projections located near a cutting edge of the insert. Upon encountering the recesses and/or projections, metal chips can be created with specific shapes and the chips can then be evacuated therefrom.

Various chip-control arrangements for grooving cutting operations are disclosed in <CIT>, <CIT>, <CIT> and <CIT>. <CIT> discloses a cutting insert according to the preamble of attached independent claim <NUM>.

In accordance with a first aspect of the subject matter of the present application there is provided a cutting insert, according to claim <NUM>, comprising:
a cutting portion, having a cutting portion major axis defining opposite forward to rearward directions and a cutting portion lateral axis, oriented perpendicular to the cutting portion major axis in a top view of the cutting portion, defining a feed direction, the cutting portion comprising:.

In accordance with a second aspect of the subject matter of the present application there is provided a non-rotary cutting tool, according to claim <NUM>, comprising:.

It is understood that the above-said is a summary.

Each pair of adjacent bulging land portions can be spaced apart by a non-bulging land portion. The land inclination angle at the cutting edge at each of the bulging land portions forms a bulging land inclination angle. The land inclination angle at the cutting edge at each of the non-bulging land portions forms a non-bulging land inclination angle. The bulging land inclination angle can be greater at any given bulging land portion than the non-bulging land inclination angles at its adjacent non-bulging land portions.

The bulging land inclination angle at any given bulging land portion is greater than the non-bulging land inclination angles at its adjacent non-bulging land portions by no more than <NUM>°.

The bulging land inclination angles can follow a pattern of increasing value in direction away from the forward cutting portion surface.

The bulging land inclination angle can be greater than or equal to <NUM>° and less than or equal to <NUM>°.

The non-bulging land inclination angle can be greater or equal to <NUM>° and less than or equal to <NUM>°.

The plurality of protuberances may not be not identical.

In a transverse feed plane perpendicular to the cutting portion lateral axis and intersecting the plurality of protuberances, the plurality of protuberances can follow a pattern of increasing height in a rearward direction away from the forward cutting portion surface.

The projection can be spaced apart from the land by a chip forming groove that undulates in the rearward direction away from the forward cutting portion surface.

The projection can increase in distance from the cutting edge with increasing distance from the forward cutting portion surface.

A forwardmost portion of the projection can extend in a direction towards the cutting portion corner.

A rearmost portion of the projection can extend longitudinally along a projection longitudinal axis. In a top view of the cutting portion, the projection longitudinal axis forms a projection angle with the cutting portion major axis. The projection angle can be greater or equal to <NUM>° and less than or equal to <NUM>°.

The projection can comprise two projection flank surfaces and a central disposed projection ridge surface that extends therebetween in a widthwise direction of the projection, the projection ridge surface being higher than the two projection flank surfaces in a widthwise cross-section.

In a top view of the cutting portion, the projection ridge surface can be located between the cutting portion major axis and the cutting edge.

In a top view of the cutting portion, the projection ridge surface transitions from being closer to the cutting edge than to the cutting portion major axis, to being closer to the cutting portion major axis than to the cutting edge, as the projection ridge surface extends in the rearward direction.

The projection ridge surface can comprise a plurality of projection crest portions and a at least one projection trough portion, each adjacent pair of projection crest portions being spaced apart by a respective projection trough portion, and each projection crest portion being higher than its adjacent projection trough portions. Each protuberance can extend from a respective one of the projection crest portions.

The plurality of projection crest portions can follow a pattern of increasing height in a rearward direction away from the forward cutting portion surface.

The plurality of projection crest portions can be located above the cutting edge as measured in the upward direction.

Each protuberance can extend along a protuberance longitudinal axis. In a top view of the cutting portion, each protuberance longitudinal axis forms a protuberance angle with the cutting portion lateral axis. The protuberance angle can be greater than or equal to <NUM>° and less than or equal to <NUM>°.

In a top view of the cutting portion, the protuberance longitudinal axes can be parallel with each other.

In a cross-sectional view taken in a protuberance axial plane containing one of the protuberance longitudinal axes and intersecting the rake and relief surfaces, a central portion of the protuberance can have a concave profile.

In a cross-sectional view taken in a protuberance radial plane perpendicular to one of the protuberance longitudinal axis and intersecting the protuberance, a central portion of the protuberance can have a convex profile.

In a top view of the cutting portion, the cutting edge can be straight.

In a side view of the cutting portion, the cutting edge can be non-straight.

In a side view of the cutting portion, the cutting edge can have a wavy profile, formed by a plurality of cutting edge crests and at least one cutting edge trough, each cutting edge crest being formed at a respective one of the bulging land portions.

The land can comprise a convexly curved land portion extending in the direction of the cutting edge and that is convexly curved in direction away from the cutting edge.

The convexly curved land portion can be spaced apart from the cutting edge.

The convexly curved land portion can be defined by a convexly curved land radius that can vary along the cutting edge.

The cutting portion lateral axis can define a second feed direction, opposite the feed direction, the cutting portion can further comprise:.

The cutting portion can further comprise a forward cutting edge formed at an intersection of the rake surface and the forward cutting portion surface, wherein in a top view of the cutting portion, the forward cutting edge has a forward cutting edge length which also defines a maximum width dimension of the cutting insert in a direction perpendicular to the cutting portion major axis.

The chip-control arrangement can exhibit mirror symmetry about a symmetry plane that contains the cutting portion major axis and a cutting portion vertical axis which is perpendicular to the cutting portion major axis and which extends between the relief surface and the second relief surface.

For a better understanding of the present application and to show how the same may be carried out in practice, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, in which:.

Where considered appropriate, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements.

In the following description, various aspects of the subject matter of the present application will be described. For purposes of explanation, specific configurations and details are set forth in sufficient detail to provide a thorough understanding of the subject matter of the present application. However, it will also be apparent to one skilled in the art that the subject matter of the present application can be practiced without the specific configurations and details presented herein.

Attention is first drawn to <FIG>, showing a cutting insert <NUM>, in accordance with a first embodiment of the present application. The cutting insert <NUM> can be typically made from cemented carbide and can be coated with a wear-resistant material. In this non-limiting example shown in the drawings, the cutting insert <NUM> includes opposing insert front and rear surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> and an insert peripheral surface <NUM> that extends between the insert front and rear surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. The insert peripheral surface <NUM> extends about an insert central axis I. The insert central axis I can be a longitudinal axis so that the cutting insert <NUM> is elongated. The insert central axis I intersects the insert front and rear surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. The insert peripheral surface <NUM> includes opposing insert top and bottom surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> that connect the insert front and rear surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. The insert peripheral surface <NUM> further includes two opposing insert side surfaces, a first insert side surface 32A and a second insert side surface 32B that connect the insert front and rear surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> and the insert top and bottom surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. It is also noticed that, in this non-limiting example, the cutting insert <NUM> is configured to be resiliently clamped in an insert pocket <NUM> (<FIG>) of an insert holder <NUM> and is thus formed without a clamping hole for receiving a clamping member (such as a retaining screw) therethrough.

Referring to <FIG>, the cutting insert <NUM> includes a cutting portion <NUM>, for providing metal removing ability to the cutting insert <NUM>. In this non-limiting example shown in the drawings, the cutting insert <NUM> has just one cutting portion <NUM>, located at one end of the cutting insert <NUM>. However, it is understood that there could be two cutting portions <NUM> (e.g. at each end when the cutting insert <NUM> is double-ended), or more cutting portions <NUM>, as disclosed in, for example, <CIT>.

Referring to <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG>, the cutting portion <NUM> has three mutually perpendicular axes, a cutting portion major axis A, a cutting portion vertical axis V and a cutting portion lateral axis F. The cutting portion major axis A defines a forward to rearward direction DF, DR. In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, in a top view of the cutting portion <NUM> viewed along the cutting portion vertical axis V, the cutting portion major axis A can be parallel to, and aligned with, the insert central axis I. However, as seen in a side view of the cutting portion <NUM> viewed along the cutting portion lateral axis F (i.e. <FIG>), the cutting portion major axis A and the insert central axis I can extend transversely to one another. The cutting portion vertical axis V defines an upward to downward direction DU, DD. The cutting portion lateral axis F defines at least a feed direction D. In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, the cutting portion lateral axis F can also define a second feed direction D<NUM>, opposite the feed direction D. The cutting portion <NUM> has a symmetry plane S that contains the cutting portion major axis A and the cutting portion vertical axis V.

It should be appreciated that use of the terms "forward" and "rearward" throughout the description and claims refer to a relative position in a direction of the cutting portion major axis A, towards the left (DF) and right (DR), respectively, in <FIG> and <FIG>. Likewise, it should be appreciated that use of the terms "upward" and "downward" throughout the description and claims refer to a relative position in a direction parallel to the cutting portion vertical axis V, upwards and downwards, respectively, in <FIG>. Finally, it should be appreciated that use of the terms "feed direction" and "second feed direction" throughout the description and claims refer to a relative position in a direction parallel to the cutting portion lateral axis F, towards the right and left, respectively, in <FIG>.

The cutting portion <NUM> includes a forward cutting portion surface <NUM> formed on the insert front surface <NUM>. The forward cutting portion surface <NUM> is intersected by the cutting portion major axis A and faces in the forward direction DF.

The cutting portion <NUM> includes a rake surface <NUM> formed on the insert top surface <NUM>. The rake surface <NUM> is intersected by the cutting portion vertical axis V and faces in the upward direction DU.

The cutting portion <NUM> also includes a relief surface <NUM> formed on the first insert side surface 32A. The relief surface <NUM> is intersected by the cutting portion lateral axis F and faces in the feed direction D. In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, the cutting portion <NUM> can include a second relief surface <NUM> formed on the second side surface 32B. The second relief surface <NUM> can be intersected by the cutting portion lateral axis F and faces in the second feed direction D<NUM>. The cutting portion vertical axis V extends between the relief surface <NUM> and the second relief surface <NUM>. Thus, the symmetry plane S is positioned between the relief surface <NUM> and the second relief surface <NUM>.

A cutting portion corner <NUM> is formed at the intersection of the rake surface <NUM>, the forward cutting portion surface <NUM>, the relief surface <NUM>. In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, a second cutting portion corner <NUM> can be formed at the intersection of the rake surface <NUM>, the forward cutting portion surface <NUM> and the second relief surface <NUM>.

The cutting portion <NUM> includes a cutting edge <NUM> formed at the intersection of the rake surface <NUM> and the relief surface <NUM>. Referring to <FIG>, in accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, in a top view of the cutting portion <NUM>, the cutting edge <NUM> can be straight. Referring to <FIG>, in a side view of the cutting portion <NUM>, the cutting edge <NUM> can be non-straight. Preferably, in such a view, the cutting edge <NUM> can have a wavy profile, formed by a plurality of cutting edge crests <NUM> and at least one cutting edge trough <NUM> that alternate with each other along the cutting edge <NUM>.

Reverting to <FIG>, in accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, the cutting portion <NUM> can also include a second cutting edge <NUM> formed at the intersection of the rake surface <NUM> and the second relief surface <NUM>. In a top view of the cutting portion <NUM>, the second cutting edge <NUM> can be straight but not parallel with the cutting edge <NUM>.

In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, the cutting portion <NUM> can include a forward cutting edge <NUM> formed at an intersection of the rake surface <NUM> and the forward cutting portion surface <NUM>. The forward cutting portion surface <NUM> can thus serve as a relief surface. As shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, the forward cutting edge <NUM> has a forward cutting edge length L, measured in the direction of the cutting portion lateral axis F. In the top view of the cutting portion <NUM>, the forward cutting edge length L defines the width of the groove cut in the work piece, and also establishes the maximum width of the cutting portion <NUM>. In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, the forward cutting edge <NUM> can include two curved forward corner cutting edges <NUM> and a forward intermediate cutting edge <NUM> that extends between the two forward corner cutting edges <NUM>. The forward corner cutting edges <NUM> can be formed at the cutting portion corner <NUM> and the second cutting portion corner <NUM>, respectively. The forward intermediate cutting edge <NUM> can be longer than each of the two forward corner cutting edges <NUM>. In the top view of the cutting portion <NUM>, the forward intermediate cutting edge <NUM> can be straight. The forward cutting edge <NUM> can be mirror symmetrical about an imaginary longitudinal plane which contains the cutting portion major axis A and passes through the insert top and bottom surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. Thus, the cutting portion major axis A may bisect the forward cutting edge <NUM>, in a top view of the cutting portion <NUM> (i.e. in a view in front of the rake surface <NUM> viewed along the cutting portion vertical axis V). The cutting edge <NUM> and second cutting edge <NUM> can merge with the forward cutting edge <NUM> at opposite ends thereof.

The rake surface <NUM> includes a land <NUM>. The land <NUM> acts to strengthen the cutting edge <NUM>. The land <NUM> is adjacent the cutting edge <NUM>. The land <NUM> extends along the cutting edge <NUM>. Referring to <FIG>, any point on the land <NUM> has a land inclination angle θ defined by a tangent line T and a rake plane P, where the tangent line T is perpendicular to the cutting edge <NUM> in a top view of the cutting portion <NUM> and tangentially touches the land <NUM>, and the rake plane P is oriented perpendicular to the cutting portion vertical axis V. The land <NUM> extends negatively away from the cutting edge <NUM>. That is to say, the land <NUM> slopes upwardly from the cutting edge <NUM> so that the land inclination angle θ is greater than <NUM>°.

In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, the rake surface <NUM> can include a forward land <NUM>. The forward land <NUM> can be adjacent the forward cutting edge <NUM>. The forward land <NUM> can extend along, and negatively away from, the forward cutting edge <NUM>. Referring to <FIG>, the forward land <NUM> has a forward land width W that can vary. Preferably, the forward land width W at the forward intermediate cutting edge <NUM> can be greater than the forward land width W at the forward cutting corner cutting edges <NUM>.

In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, the rake surface <NUM> can include a second land <NUM>. The second land <NUM> can be adjacent the second cutting edge <NUM>. The second land <NUM> can extend along, and negatively away from, the second cutting edge <NUM>.

The cutting portion <NUM> includes a chip-control arrangement <NUM> at the rake surface <NUM>. It is understood that the cutting insert <NUM> in accordance with the subject matter of the present application could comprise one or more cutting portions <NUM> with such a chip-control arrangement <NUM> and one or more other cutting portions <NUM> which are devoid of any chip-control arrangement or which are formed with a different chip-control arrangement. The chip-control arrangement <NUM> is intended to control the flow and/or the shape and size of the swarf and debris resulting from metalworking operations.

Referring to <FIG>, the chip-control arrangement <NUM> includes an elongated projection <NUM>. The projection <NUM> serves to curve the chip in the feed direction D. The projection <NUM> projects from the rake surface <NUM>. The projection <NUM> is spaced apart from the land <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, in accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, the projection <NUM> can be spaced apart from the land <NUM> by a chip forming groove <NUM> that undulates in the rearward direction DR away from the forward cutting portion surface <NUM> (see also <FIG>).

The projection <NUM> extends in a direction from a rearward portion of the cutting portion <NUM> towards a forward portion of the cutting portion <NUM>. In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, the projection <NUM> can include a forwardmost portion 76a and a rearmost portion 76b that merge with each other. The rearmost portion 76b of the projection <NUM> can form a majority of the length of the projection <NUM> (e.g. more than half the length of the projection <NUM>).

The forwardmost portion 76a of the projection <NUM> can extend in a direction towards the cutting portion corner <NUM>. The rearmost portion 76b of the projection <NUM> can extend in a direction different than that of the forwardmost portion 76a of the projection <NUM>. The rearmost portion 76b of the projection <NUM> can extend in a direction towards the forward cutting portion surface <NUM>. The projection <NUM> can increase in distance from the cutting edge <NUM> with increasing distance from the forward cutting portion surface <NUM>. The rearmost portion 76b of the projection <NUM> can extend longitudinally along a projection longitudinal axis C. In a top view of the cutting portion <NUM>, the projection longitudinal axis C can form a projection angle α with the cutting portion major axis A. The projection angle α can be in the range, <NUM>° ≤ α ≤ <NUM>°. The projection longitudinal axis C can intersect the forward cutting edge <NUM>. Preferably, the projection longitudinal axis C can intersect the forward intermediate cutting edge <NUM>.

As seen in <FIG> and <FIG>, in accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, the projection <NUM> can include two projection flank surfaces 74a and a central projection ridge surface 74b that extends therebetween in a widthwise direction of the projection <NUM>. The projection ridge surface 74b can be higher than the two projection flank surfaces 74a in a widthwise cross-section. The central projection ridge surface 74b at the rearmost portion 76b of the projection <NUM> can extend along the projection longitudinal axis C (as seen in a top view of the cutting portion <NUM>, i.e. <FIG>). In the same view, the projection ridge surface 74b can transition from being closer to the cutting edge <NUM> than to the cutting portion major axis A, to being closer to the cutting portion major axis A than to the cutting edge <NUM>, as the projection ridge surface 74b extends in the rearward direction DR.

Referring to <FIG>, showing a cross-sectional view taken in a plane containing the projection longitudinal axis C, in accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, the projection ridge 74b can include a plurality of projection crest portions <NUM> and at least one projection trough portions <NUM>, each pair of adjacent projection crest portions <NUM> being spaced apart by a respective projection trough portion <NUM>. Each projection crest portion <NUM> is higher than its adjacent projection trough portions <NUM>.

In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, the plurality of projection crest portions <NUM> can be located above the cutting edge <NUM> as measured in an upward direction DU. The plurality of projection crest portions <NUM> can follow a pattern of increasing height in a rearward direction DR away from the forward cutting portion surface <NUM>. The at least one projection trough portion <NUM> can be located above the cutting edge <NUM> as measured in an upward direction Du.

Referring to <FIG>, the chip-control arrangement <NUM> includes a plurality of elongated protuberances <NUM>. The plurality of protuberances <NUM> serve to curve the chip in the direction of the cutting portion major axis A. The plurality of protuberances <NUM> project from the rake surface <NUM>. The plurality of protuberances <NUM> are spaced apart from each other and the forward cutting portion surface <NUM>. In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, each protuberance <NUM> can extend from a respective one of the projection crest portions <NUM>. The plurality of protuberances <NUM> may not be identical. Reference is made to <FIG>, showing a cross-sectional view in a transverse feed plane FP perpendicular to the cutting portion lateral axis F and intersecting the plurality of protuberances <NUM> (it is noted that the first raised region following the cutting edge <NUM> is part of the of the projection <NUM>, specifically the forwardmost portion 76a thereof, and not one of the protuberances <NUM>). It is seen that the plurality of protuberances <NUM> can follow a pattern of increasing height in a rearward direction DR away from the forward cutting portion surface <NUM>.

As seen in <FIG>, showing a cross-sectional view taken in a protuberance radial plane P2 perpendicular to one of the protuberance longitudinal axes PA and that intersects the protuberance <NUM>, in accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, each protuberance <NUM> can include two protuberance flank surfaces 84a and a central protuberance ridge surface 84b that extends therebetween in a widthwise direction of the protuberance <NUM>. The protuberance ridge surface 84b can be higher than the two protuberance flank surfaces 84a in a widthwise cross-section.

<FIG> shows a cross sectional view taken in a protuberance axial plane P1 that contains one of the protuberance longitudinal axes PA and intersects the rake and relief surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, each protuberance <NUM> can include a protuberance lowest point LP. The protuberance lowest point LP can be spaced apart from the land <NUM>. The protuberance lowest point LP can be vertically level with the cutting edge <NUM>.

In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, each protuberance <NUM> can extend along a protuberance longitudinal axis PA. In a top view of the cutting portion <NUM>, the protuberance longitudinal axes PA can be parallel with each other. The protuberance longitudinal axes PA may not be co-incident with a respective tangent line T. Each protuberance longitudinal axis PA can form a protuberance angle β with the cutting portion lateral axis F. The protuberance angle β can be in the range, <NUM>° ≤ β ≤ <NUM>°. In this non-limiting example shown in the drawings, the protuberance angle β is equal to <NUM>° (i.e. the protuberance longitudinal axis PA and the cutting portion lateral axis F are parallel to each other).

In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, in the protuberance axial plane P1, a central portion of the protuberance <NUM> can have a concave profile. The protuberance lowest point LP can be located at the concave profile. In the protuberance radial plane P2, a central portion of the protuberance <NUM> can have a convex profile.

Each protuberance <NUM> extends from the projection <NUM>. By virtue of such a configuration the projection flank surface 74a closest the cutting edge <NUM> can undulate in the rearward direction DR away from the forward cutting portion surface <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, each protuberance <NUM> extends to the cutting edge <NUM>. That is to say, each protuberance <NUM> terminates at the cutting edge <NUM>. Thus, each protuberance <NUM> extends over (or via) the land <NUM>. By virtue of such a configuration, the land <NUM> includes a plurality of spaced apart upwardly bulging land portions <NUM>. Each pair of adjacent bulging land portions <NUM> are spaced apart by a non-bulging land portion <NUM>. The land <NUM> has a land height H, measured in the upward direction DU from the rake plane P that varies along the cutting edge <NUM>. Specifically, the land height H at each bulging land portion <NUM> defines a first land height H<NUM> that is greater than a second land height H<NUM> that is defined by the land height H at its adjacent non-bulging land portions <NUM>. Each cutting edge crest <NUM> can be formed at a respective one of the bulging land portions <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, showing a schematic diagram having the superimposed fragmentary cross sections taken along lines VII-VII and VII'-VII' in <FIG> and also showing the two different tangent lines T, T' related to the respective cross sections, the land <NUM> (at both the bulging and non-bulging land portions <NUM>, <NUM>) can include a convexly curved land portion <NUM> that extends in the direction of the cutting edge <NUM>. The convexly curved land portion <NUM> is also convexly curved in a direction away from the cutting edge <NUM>. Thus, the land inclination angle θ at the convexly curved land portion <NUM> can decrease in a direction away from the cutting edge <NUM>. The convexly curved land portion <NUM> can be spaced apart from the cutting edge <NUM>. The convexly curved land portion <NUM> can be defined by a convexly curved land radius R. The convexly curved land radius R can vary along the cutting edge <NUM>.

The land inclination angle θ at the cutting edge <NUM> at each of the bulging land portions <NUM> forms a bulging land inclination angle θ1. The land inclination angle θ at the cutting edge <NUM> at each of the non-bulging land portions <NUM> forms a non-bulging land inclination angle θ2. In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, the bulging land inclination angle θ1 at any given bulging land portion <NUM> can be greater than the non-bulging land inclination angles θ2 at its adjacent non-bulging land portions <NUM>. Thus, as seen in <FIG>, showing an imaginary extrapolated land surface <NUM> defined by the extrapolation of the land <NUM> at the cutting edge <NUM>, the land inclination angle θ at the cutting edge <NUM> can vary in alternating increasing and decreasing fashion, along the cutting edge <NUM>. The bulging land inclination angle θ1 at any given bulging land portion <NUM> can be greater than the non-bulging land inclination angles θ2 at its adjacent non-bulging land portions <NUM> by no more than <NUM>°. The bulging land inclination angle θ1 can be in the range, <NUM>° ≤ θ1 ≤ <NUM>°. The non-bulging land inclination angle θ2 can be in the range, <NUM>°≤ θ2 ≤ <NUM>°.

Generally speaking, the land <NUM> transitions into the chip forming groove <NUM> where the surface upon which it extends changes from a negative orientation to a positive orientation. However, it is noted that at the bulging land portions <NUM> the land <NUM> may not transition to a positive orientation.

In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, the chip-control arrangement <NUM> can include an elongated second projection <NUM>. The second projection <NUM> can project from the rake surface <NUM>. The second projection <NUM> can extend in a direction towards a forward portion of the cutting portion <NUM>. The second projection <NUM> can be spaced apart from the second land <NUM>.

In accordance with some embodiments of the subject matter of the present application, the chip-control arrangement <NUM> can include a plurality of elongated second protuberances <NUM>. The plurality of second protuberances <NUM> can project from the rake surface <NUM>. The plurality of second protuberances <NUM> can be spaced apart from each other and the forward cutting portion surface <NUM>. Each second protuberance <NUM> can extend from the second projection <NUM> to the second cutting edge <NUM>. Each second protuberance <NUM> can extend to the second cutting edge <NUM>. Each second protuberance <NUM> can extend over (i.e. via) the second land <NUM>. Thus, as seen in <FIG>, the second land <NUM> can include a plurality of spaced apart second bulging land portions <NUM>. The chip-control arrangement <NUM> can exhibit mirror symmetry about the symmetry plane S Similarly, the cutting portion <NUM> can exhibit mirror symmetry about the symmetry plane S.

It should be appreciated that any or all of the features relating to the relief surface <NUM>, cutting portion corner <NUM>, cutting edge <NUM>, land <NUM>, projection <NUM>, protuberance <NUM> and bulging land portion <NUM> can apply to the second relief surface <NUM>, second cutting portion corner <NUM>, second cutting edge <NUM>, second land <NUM>, second projection <NUM>, second protuberance <NUM> and second bulging land portion <NUM>, respectively.

Referring to <FIG>, a second aspect of the present application relates to a non-rotary cutting tool <NUM>. For example, the cutting tool <NUM> can be designed for turning cutting operations as opposed to milling or drilling cutting operation. The cutting tool <NUM> includes a cutting insert <NUM> and an insert holder <NUM>. The insert holder <NUM> includes an insert pocket <NUM>, with the cutting insert <NUM> releasable retained in the insert pocket <NUM>.

Reference is now made to <FIG> showing a second embodiment. This embodiment has been found to work particularly well for grooving cutting inserts having a width (i.e. forward cutting edge length L) equal to <NUM>.

It should be noted that one feature of the subject matter of the present application is that the chip-control arrangement <NUM> has been found to be effective for turning and in particular groove-turning cutting methods.

It should be further noted that one feature of the subject matter of the present application is that the chip-control arrangement <NUM> has been found to be effective for cutting different metal work-piece materials such as steel, stainless steel and high temperature metal alloys, such as nickel.

It should be yet further noted that one feature of the subject matter of the present application is that the chip-control arrangement <NUM> has been found to be effective for multiple applications, such as full width grooving, partial (finish) grooving, finish turning, and turning.

Claim 1:
A cutting insert (<NUM>) comprising:
a cutting portion (<NUM>), having a cutting portion major axis (A) defining opposite forward to rearward directions (DF, DR) and a cutting portion lateral axis (F), oriented perpendicular to the cutting portion major axis (A) in a top view of the cutting portion (<NUM>), defining a feed direction (D), the cutting portion (<NUM>) comprising :
a cutting portion corner (<NUM>) formed at the intersection of an upward facing rake surface (<NUM>), a forward facing forward cutting portion surface (<NUM>) and a relief surface (<NUM>) facing in the feed direction (D);
a cutting edge (<NUM>) formed at an intersection of the rake surface (<NUM>) and the relief surface (<NUM>);
a land (<NUM>) located on the rake surface (<NUM>); and
a chip-control arrangement (<NUM>) at the rake surface (<NUM>) comprising:
an elongated projection (<NUM>) projecting from the rake surface (<NUM>), spaced apart from the land (<NUM>), and extending in a direction from a rearward portion towards a forward portion of the cutting portion (<NUM>);
characterised in that:
the land (<NUM>) extends along, and negatively away from, the said cutting edge (<NUM>); and
the chip-control arrangement (<NUM>) at the rake surface (<NUM>) comprises
a plurality of elongated protuberances (<NUM>) projecting from the rake surface (<NUM>) and being spaced apart from each other and the forward cutting portion surface (<NUM>), each protuberance (<NUM>) extending from the projection (<NUM>) to the cutting edge (<NUM>), so that the land (<NUM>) comprises a plurality of spaced apart upwardly bulging land portions (<NUM>).