Patent Description:
A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE).

A UE may be configured to support communications on more than one radio access technology (RAT). UE circuitry may include components for applying gain to receiver circuitry within the UE, and the UE circuitry may be separate for both RATs. Techniques for applying gain to circuitry that supports more than one RAT may suffer from a variety of performance losses, such as a poor signal to noise ratio (SNR).

<CIT> relates to providing synchronization signal block index signaling in a cellular communication system. A cellular base station may provide synchronization signals according to a periodic pattern, including transmitting one or more synchronization signal bursts each including one or more synchronization signal blocks. A wireless device may detect a synchronization signal block. The wireless device may determine a synchronization signal block index of the detected synchronization signal block. The wireless device may provide an indication of the synchronization signal block index of the detected synchronization signal block to the cellular base station.

<CIT> relates to a method for 1x/LTE dual domain camping with a single radio UE. The method includes adaptively sharing a first receive chain and a second receive chain between a first radio access technology modem and a second radio access technology modem of the single radio UE.

There still exists a need for improving reception, particularly across multiple radio access technologies.

The present invention is disclosed according to the appended claims.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, and computer program described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for measuring first signal strength indicators that may be based on measurements from one or more carriers associated with the first RAT, and measuring second signal strength indicators that may be based on measurements from one or more carriers associated with the second RAT, where the first signal power and the second signal power may be based on first and second signal strength indicators.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, and computer program described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for aggregating the first signal strength indicators across the one or more carriers associated with the first RAT to generate first aggregated signal strength indicators, and aggregating the second signal strength indicators across the one or more carriers associated with the second RAT to generate second aggregated signal strength indicators.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, and computer program described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a request to freeze the common gain state, for a duration, based on a first gain state for the first RAT or a second gain state for the second RAT.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, and computer program described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for rejecting the request to freeze the common gain state.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, and computer program described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for applying a freeze to the common gain state, for the duration, based on the request, and applying a subsequent common gain state to the first receiver chain and the second receiver chain after the duration.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, and computer program described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for overriding the common gain state with a different gain state that may be selected for the first RAT or the second RAT.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, and computer program described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for handling a first gain state for the first RAT and a second gain state for the second RAT within a threshold time of a common inter-RAT gap opening wherein the first RAT and the second RAT are inactive; and determining a first common gain state outside of the common inter-RAT gap opening and a second common gain state during the common inter-RAT gap opening based at least in part on configuring one or more simultaneous measurements of the first RAT and the second RAT using the shared LNA.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, and computer program described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining the common gain state for the first RAT and the second RAT based at least in part on inputting the first signal power and the second signal power into an aggregation function.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and computer program described herein, the aggregation function includes a weighted average of the first signal power and the second signal power.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and computer program described herein, the weighted average of the first signal power and the second signal power includes a weighted average of signal powers for a set of carriers associated with the first RAT, the second RAT, or both.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and computer program described herein, the aggregation function includes a maximum of a first gain state associated with the first signal power and a second gain state associated with the second signal power.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and computer program described herein, the aggregation function may be further based on a gain state for the first RAT, the second RAT, or both.

In some cases, a user equipment (UE) may operate in a dual connectivity (DC) configuration, and may communicate according to multiple radio access technologies (RATs) at once. For example, the UE may operate in Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) New Radio (NR) dual connectivity (EN-DC). In this example, the UE may operate according to Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and NR procedures.

In DC applications, a UE may have circuitry that is configured such that a low noise amplifier (LNA) may be shared across the receiver chains of two different radio access technologies (RATs). The UE may coordinate the gain state across the receive paths for the two RATs, as the UE may otherwise apply different gain states to each receive chain based on the receive chain itself, which may lead to performance losses. The performance losses may include glitches, a poor signal to noise ratio (SNR) leading to poor throughput and coverage loss, and other losses and inefficiencies. Further, in cases where different gain states are applied for a shared LNA, the UE may also determine incorrect measurements for reporting, experience mobility issues and call drops, have an inability to support features such as connected mode diversity receive chains (CDRx) and also have an inability to support optimal performance for different subscriber identity module (SIM) configurations, such as shared-SIM (SSIM) and multi-SIM (MSIM) shared LNA cases for particular band combinations.

In order to avoid such issues, the UE may coordinate the gain state between multiple RATs. The UE may include specific firmware or hardware that receives received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and other signal quality information from the communications received from each RAT. The UE or firmware may determine a common gain state to apply to the filtering and amplification chains of the circuitry corresponding to each RAT. The common gain state may be determine based on an aggregation function. The aggregation function may average determined gains for each chain, sum the determined gains, select a maximum or minimum gain based on RSSI or other information, or may be a different type of function.

The common gain state may be applied after the shared LNA, as part of automatic gain control (AGC). The AGC may be applied in cases of an external or internal shared LNA.

Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are then described in the context of circuit diagrams, SIM diagrams, slot configurations, slot diagrams, and process flows. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to common automatic gain control across multiple radio access technologies.

<FIG> illustrates an example of a wireless communications system <NUM> that supports common automatic gain control across multiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system <NUM> may include one or more base stations <NUM>, one or more UEs <NUM>, and a core network <NUM>. In some examples, the wireless communications system <NUM> may be a LTE network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a NR network. In some examples, the wireless communications system <NUM> may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission critical) communications, low latency communications, communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof.

The base stations <NUM> may communicate with the core network <NUM>, or with one another, or both. For example, the base stations <NUM> may interface with the core network <NUM> through one or more backhaul links <NUM> (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or other interface). The base stations <NUM> may communicate with one another over the backhaul links <NUM> (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other interface) either directly (e.g., directly between base stations <NUM>), or indirectly (e.g., via core network <NUM>), or both. In some examples, the backhaul links <NUM> may be or include one or more wireless links.

A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute radio frequency channel number (EARFCN)) and may be positioned according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs <NUM>. A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode where initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs <NUM> via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode where a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different radio access technology).

The communication links <NUM> shown in the wireless communications system <NUM> may include uplink transmissions from a UE <NUM> to a base station <NUM>, or downlink transmissions from a base station <NUM> to a UE <NUM>. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode).

For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a number of determined bandwidths for carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> megahertz (MHz)). Devices of the wireless communications system <NUM> (e.g., the base stations <NUM>, the UEs <NUM>, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications over a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications over one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system <NUM> may include base stations <NUM> or UEs <NUM> that support simultaneous communications via carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE <NUM> may be configured for operating over portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.

One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, where a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE <NUM> may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE <NUM> may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.

The time intervals for the base stations <NUM> or the UEs <NUM> may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts = <NUM>/(Δfmax · Nf) seconds, where Δfmax may represent the maximum supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent the maximum supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., <NUM> milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from <NUM> to <NUM>).

A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system <NUM> and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system <NUM> may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

Each base station <NUM> may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station <NUM> (e.g., over a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID), or others). In some examples, a cell may also refer to a geographic coverage area <NUM> or a portion of a geographic coverage area <NUM> (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the base station <NUM>. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with geographic coverage areas <NUM>, among other examples.

A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs <NUM> with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a lower-powered base station <NUM>, as compared with a macro cell, and a small cell may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs <NUM> with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs <NUM> having an association with the small cell (e.g., the UEs <NUM> in a closed subscriber group (CSG), the UEs <NUM> associated with users in a home or office). A base station <NUM> may support one or multiple cells and may also support communications over the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers.

In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that may provide access for different types of devices.

The wireless communications system <NUM> may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations <NUM> may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different base stations <NUM> may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations <NUM> may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different base stations <NUM> may, in some examples, not be aligned in time.

Some UEs <NUM>, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication). In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that makes use of the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs <NUM> may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices.

In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs <NUM> include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs <NUM> may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.

In some systems, the D2D communication link <NUM> may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs <NUM>). In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations <NUM>) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with both.

The core network <NUM> may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or <NUM> core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs <NUM> served by the base stations <NUM> associated with the core network <NUM>. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to the network operators IP services <NUM>. The operators IP services <NUM> may include access to the Internet, Intranet(s), an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.

The wireless communications system <NUM> may operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of <NUM> megahertz (MHz) to <NUM> gigahertz (GHz). Generally, the region from <NUM> to <NUM> is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. The UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs <NUM> located indoors. The transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than <NUM> kilometers) compared to transmission using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below <NUM>.

The wireless communications system <NUM> may also operate in a super high frequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from <NUM> to <NUM>, also known as the centimeter band, or in an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from <NUM> to <NUM>), also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system <NUM> may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs <NUM> and the base stations <NUM>, and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, this may facilitate use of antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.

A base station <NUM> or a UE <NUM> may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a base station <NUM> or a UE <NUM> may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station <NUM> may be located in diverse geographic locations. Additionally or alternatively, an antenna panel may support radio frequency beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.

The base stations <NUM> or the UEs <NUM> may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase the spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

A base station <NUM> or a UE <NUM> may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beam forming operations. For example, a base station <NUM> may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE <NUM>. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a base station <NUM> multiple times in different directions. For example, the base station <NUM> may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a base station <NUM>, or by a receiving device, such as a UE <NUM>) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the base station <NUM>.

Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a base station <NUM> in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a UE <NUM>). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, a UE <NUM> may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the base station <NUM> in different directions and may report to the base station <NUM> an indication of the signal that the UE <NUM> received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.

In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a base station <NUM> or a UE <NUM>) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a base station <NUM> to a UE <NUM>). The UE <NUM> may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured number of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The base station <NUM> may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)), which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE <NUM> may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted in one or more directions by a base station <NUM>, a UE <NUM> may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE <NUM>) or for transmitting a signal in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device).

A receiving device (e.g., a UE <NUM>) may try multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from the base station <NUM>, such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may try multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as "listening" according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receive configuration may be aligned in a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest SNR, or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

The wireless communications system <NUM> may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. The MAC layer may also use error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE <NUM> and a base station <NUM> or a core network <NUM> supporting radio bearers for user plane data. At the physical layer, transport channels may be mapped to physical channels.

The UEs <NUM> and the base stations <NUM> may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly over a communication link <NUM>. HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise conditions). In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, where the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received in a previous symbol in the slot.

A UE <NUM> may operate in a DC configuration, and may receive signals from more than one RAT. The UE <NUM> may measure a first signal power for a first RAT and a second signal power for a second RAT. The UE may receive these signals from one or more base stations <NUM>. The UE <NUM> may determine a common gain state for the first RAT and the second RAT based on the first signal power and the second signal power. The UE <NUM> may then apply the common gain state to a first receiver chain within the UE <NUM> for the first RAT and to a second receiver chain within the UE <NUM> for the second RAT, where the first receiver chain and the second receiver chain share at least one shared LNA. The UE <NUM> may determine a common gain state for the first RAT and the second RAT based on inputting the first signal power and the second signal power into an aggregation function.

<FIG> illustrates an example of a wireless communications system <NUM> that supports common automatic gain control across multiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, wireless communications system <NUM> may implement aspects of wireless communication system <NUM>. UE <NUM>-a may operate in a DC configuration in wireless communications system <NUM>. UE <NUM>-a may receive and transmit communications according to multiple RATs, such as LTE and NR. UE <NUM>-a may receive communications from the multiple RATs from one or more base stations <NUM>, such as base station <NUM>-a. UE <NUM>-a may communicate with a base station <NUM>-a over signaling <NUM> and may receive communications in multiple RATs over signaling <NUM>.

UE <NUM>-a may include components <NUM>, which may be internal to UE <NUM>-a. Component <NUM> may include firmware <NUM>, aggregation component <NUM>, and circuitry <NUM>. Circuitry <NUM> may include one or more LNAs <NUM> and receive chains <NUM>. In this case, receive chain <NUM>-a may be for a first RAT (e.g., LTE), and receive chain <NUM>-b may be for a second RAT (e.g., NR). Receive chains <NUM> may share LNA <NUM>. LNA <NUM> may be an internal LNA or an external LNA.

Firmware <NUM> may be an example of common firmware and radio-frequency (RF) components shared between two RATs, which may include one or more RF drivers. UE <NUM>-a may receive signaling from two RATs at one or more antennas. The signals may go through the shared LNA <NUM> or front-end amplifier before splitting into two receive chains <NUM> which may include further amplification, filtering, and conversion (e.g., analog-to-digital conversion (ADC)) components. Firmware <NUM> may operate and control components of the circuity, as well as control aggregation component <NUM>.

UE <NUM>-a may receive signals from two RATs. The signals may include RSSI information, and other signal quality indication information. Based on RSSI or other information for each RAT signal, aggregation component <NUM> may determine a common gain that firmware <NUM> may apply to both receive chains <NUM>. The common gain application may mitigate potential issues caused by shared LNA <NUM>, such as incorrect gain state, incorrect reporting measurements, mobility issues and call drops, inability to support particular communication features, and other problems.

The common gain may be determined and applied for SSIM operations, and also for MSIM communications. Common AGC using an aggregated common gain may be applied in a number of EN-DC cases where the UE has a shared LNA between receive chains of different RATs. For example, common gain may be applied in cases where a particular RAT has ongoing activity (e.g., active). Some cases may include those described in Table <NUM>, which may be applicable for SSIM configurations, or cases where signals from different RATs are received over the same SIM. Table <NUM> may show example configurations where the two RATs are NR and LTE, but a shared LNA with an aggregated common gain may be applied for other types of RAT combinations as well.

The functions of firmware <NUM> operating aggregation component <NUM> may include common firmware or RF actions for steady state operations. These common firmware and RF actions may occur periodically or occasionally, and may include cases where one RAT (e.g., LTE) generates filtered aggregated RSSI for all carriers associated with the RAT (e.g., all LTE carriers) with an EN-DC group. The firmware for the second RAT (e.g., NR) may aggregate information across the CCs in the group (e.g., the NR group) and across <NUM> slots, and the firmware may filter this information, including filtering across multiple slots.

Common firmware or RF drivers may aggregate RSSI information according to a particular function. Firmware component <NUM> may operate aggregation component <NUM> to determine the common gain to apply. For example, aggregation component <NUM> may aggregate the RSSI data from each RAT according to an equation. For example, the aggregation equation may be modeled by RSSI = F(α · (filteredNRRSSI) + β(filteredLTERSSI). Thus, the RSSI contribution from each RAT may be weighted according to importance, or other factors. In this function, RSSI may also be taken directly and aggregated without a scaling component (e.g., a case where α and β are both <NUM>).

The aggregation function performed by aggregation component <NUM> may also be a function that determines the maximum gain state (e.g., either the LTE gain state or the NR gain state, based on which is higher) and applies that maximum determined gain state as the common gain state. The aggregation function may also be a minimum function, an averaging function, or another function. Further, the aggregation function may run based on other measurements besides RSSI (e.g., signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), SNR, reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), or another measurement).

With an aggregated RSSI and a corresponding common gain, firmware <NUM> operating common RF software module across both receive chains <NUM> may establish the common gain state to be applied for each antenna for each RAT. Firmware <NUM> may operate functions of a software module and may apply the common gain state for each receive antenna for each RAT. In cases where two RATs are in a shared RF mode, the described aggregation flow may be applicable even to antenna and receive paths that do not necessarily share the LNA path with the other RAT. For example, the aggregation and common gain state application by firmware <NUM> may be applied in cases of high interference between different RATs, or other cases where the LNA or front-end RF component is not shared, and each RAT receive path has a separate LNA.

Firmware <NUM> may handle further requests from each RAT and corresponding network or operator. For example, one RATs may request to freeze the gain state for both receive paths for both RATs. Firmware <NUM> may accept or reject such a request. Firmware <NUM> may also have the ability to apply a freeze request for a particular time period after which the common gain state may be applied again. One or more RATs may also have the ability to override a common gain state the apply a gain state optimal for only one RAT. This may be applicable in different modes, and also in cases of high priority or low latency communication from one RAT.

Additionally, common gain may be aggregated and applied in MSIM cases. MSIM shared RF cases may include cases with concurrent band combinations across SIMs of different receive paths. A UE may include a shared LNA across RATs, but the signals for the different RATs (e.g., LTE and NR) may come from different networks or subscriber stations. For example, a UE <NUM> may be configured to operate according to two different SIMs, such as a first NR SIM and a second LTE SIM.

A concurrent band combination in a MSIM scenario may include a case where a first SIM may correspond to a standalone NR band n41 (corresponding to frequency band <NUM>) and a second SIM may correspond to LTE band B41 (also corresponding to frequency band <NUM>). A NR SIM may include transmission components, primary receive chain (PRX) components, diversity receive chain (DRX) components, and two MIMO components, MIMO<NUM> and MIMO<NUM>.

An LTE SIM may include MIMOs, MIMO1 and MIMO2. One or both of the LTE SIM or the NR SIM may be in an idle mode. The idle mode may mean that the SIM is inactive, or that it is performing frequency scanning, acquisition, measurements, PBCH decoding, SI reading, page decoding, cell reselection, background public mobile network (BPLMN) searches, inter-frequency searches or measurements, inter-RAT (IRAT) searches or measurements, or in another non-connected mode. The aggregation function to apply a common gain may apply similarly in MSIM cases as in SSIM cases. The firmware of the UE <NUM> operating according to the two SIMs may introduce common RF components that aggregate, resolve, and reconcile requests and usage from both RATs. The firmware may derive a common gain state based on the aggregation of requests by the two SIMs. The aggregated common gain state may be communicated to both RATs and other modules within RATs to maintain consistency across settings. The shared LNA gain state may be shared by the UE <NUM> with multiple SIMs during a concurrency procedure.

<FIG> illustrate examples of circuit diagrams <NUM> and <NUM> that support common automatic gain control across multiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, circuit diagrams <NUM> and <NUM> may implement aspects of wireless communication systems <NUM> and <NUM>. Circuit diagrams <NUM> and <NUM> may illustrate examples of shared LNA circuitry for the hardware of a UE <NUM>. Circuit diagram <NUM> may illustrate an example of an external shared LNA, and circuit diagram <NUM> may illustrate an example of circuitry with an internal shared LNA.

In either circuit diagram <NUM> or <NUM>, circuitry of a UE <NUM> may receive, with an antenna <NUM>, incoming signals from one or more RATs. In the case of DC applications, antenna <NUM> may receive incoming signals from at least two RATs. The signals may be received at the same time, at overlapping times, or at non-overlapping times.

The received signals may pass through front end modules <NUM>, and proceed to RF modules <NUM>. In circuit diagram <NUM>, RF module <NUM>-a may include an internal shared LNA <NUM>-a or amplifier. Shared LNA <NUM>-a may then amplify the signals, and pass the signals on to components of module <NUM>-a. The aggregated common gain may be applied after shared LNA <NUM>-a. Module <NUM>-a may include LNAs <NUM>-b and <NUM>-c, which may be unshared LNA <NUM>.

In circuit diagram <NUM>, the received signals may pass through an external LNA <NUM>-d which may be a shared LNA, and the signals may process from external shared LNA <NUM>-d to an internal shared LNA <NUM>-e. Internal shared LNA <NUM>-e may also amplify the signals for both receive chains from both RATs. The aggregated common gain may be applied after internal LNA <NUM>-e.

In either case of circuit diagram <NUM> or <NUM> (and in either case of a shared external LNA <NUM> or a shared external and shared internal LNA <NUM>), after application of the common gain, the signal may proceed through a summer or multiplier <NUM>, so a series of filters <NUM>. After filtering, the signal may undergo analog-to-digital conversion by an ADC <NUM>. This signal may then be in a wide band frequency, and may the go through a second summer of multipliers <NUM> to result in a narrowband NR signal for different CCs.

<FIG> illustrate examples of slot configurations <NUM> and <NUM> that support common automatic gain control across multiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, slot configurations <NUM> and <NUM> may implement aspects of wireless communication systems <NUM> and <NUM>. A UE <NUM> may receive data streams from two different RATs. Slot configuration <NUM> may illustrate an example of how a UE <NUM> may apply different gains in cases without the common gain aggregation procedure as described herein. Without a common gain aggregation procedure, firmware of a UE <NUM> may determine a gain to apply to a receive data chain solely based on information (e.g., RSSI) corresponding to that particular data chain. For example, receive chain <NUM>-a may illustrate an example of a LTE receive chain. The LTE receive chain may include a number of subframes. Firmware of the UE <NUM> may receive data quality information, such as RSSI during subframe N-<NUM>. The firmware may determine a gain based on data corresponding to subframe N-<NUM> and apply that gain to subframe N+<NUM>. The firmware may then determine a gain based on subframe N and apply that gain to subframe N+<NUM>, and so on.

Receive chain <NUM>-a may illustrate an example of a second receive chain, such as a NR receive chain. Without aggregated common gain, the firmware may receive signal quality information for slot "-<NUM>", and determine a gain based on that information, the firmware may then apply that gain to slot "<NUM>". The firmware may then determine a gain based on information received corresponding to slot "-<NUM>", and the firmware may apply that gain to slot "<NUM>", and so on.

In case where a UE <NUM> has a shared LNA for receive chains <NUM>-a and <NUM>-a, the individualized gain for each receive chain may lead to a number of issues. These issues may include performance losses such as glitches, a poor SNR leading to poor throughput and coverage loss, and other losses and inefficiencies. Further, in cases where different gain states are applied for a shared LNA, the UE may also determine incorrect measurements for reporting, experience mobility issues and call drops, have an inability to support features such as CDRx and also have an inability to support optimal performance for MSIM shared LNA cases for particular band combinations.

In order to avoid these issues, firmware of a UE <NUM> may perform an aggregation function to determine a common gain between receive chains of different RATs. Slot configuration <NUM> may illustrate an example of a common gain application. Receive chain <NUM>-b may be an example of a receive chain for a first RAT (e.g., LTE), and receive chain <NUM>-b may be an example of a receive chain for a second RAT (e.g., NR). In order to perform common gain aggregation, firmware of a UE <NUM> may receive RSSI and other signal quality data from both RATs. For example, the firmware of the UE <NUM> may receive RSSI in subframe N-<NUM> for receive chain <NUM>-b corresponding to a first RAT and may also receive RSSI in slots "-<NUM>" and "-<NUM>" for receive chain <NUM>-b corresponding to the second RAT. The firmware may combine data from slots "-<NUM>" and "-<NUM>" as a part of an aggregation function.

The firmware may perform RSSI aggregation in order to determine a common gain to apply between both receive chains <NUM>-b and <NUM>-b. This may be applicable in cases where the receive chains <NUM>-b and <NUM>-b share an LNA, and in other cases where a common gain may be used. The common gain determined by the aggregation function may be applied at subframes N and slot "<NUM>". In other cases, the common gain may be applied at a next slot, for example and subframe N+<NUM> or slot "<NUM>". This may occur in cases where the gain is applied based on a delay, such as a <NUM> delay.

The aggregation function may include common firmware or RF actions in a steady state. These common firmware and RF actions may occur periodically or occasionally, and may include cases where a first RAT (e.g., LTE) generates filtered aggregated RSSI for all carriers of that RAT with an EN-DC group. For the second RAT (e.g., NR), the firmware may aggregate information across the CCs in the second RAT and across <NUM> slots, and the firmware may filter this information.

The aggregation function may be an averaging function, a summing function, a function that determines the maximum gain state (e.g., either the LTE gain state or the NR gain state) and applies that maximum determine gain state as the common gain state, or another type of function. Further, the aggregation function may run based on other measurements besides RSSI (e.g., SINR, SNR, RSRP, or another measurement).

<FIG> illustrate examples of slot diagrams <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> that supports common automatic gain control across multiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, slot diagrams <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> may implement aspects of wireless communication system <NUM>. Slot diagrams <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> may illustrate examples of further common gain aggregation operations. For example, the firmware as described herein may handle further requests from each separate RAT. Receive chain <NUM>-c may be a continuation of receive chain <NUM>-a, and receive chain <NUM>-e may be a continuation of receive chain <NUM>-c. Receive chain <NUM>-d may be a continuation of receive chain <NUM>-b, and receive chain <NUM>-f may be a continuation of receive chain <NUM>-d. Some slots or subframes of receive chains <NUM> may be inactive, and some slots or subframes may correspond to a wakeup slots or subframe, depending on the status of the UE <NUM> and the signaling of the RAT corresponding to the receive chain <NUM>.

Slot diagram <NUM> may illustrate a timing process for a common gain application. In this case, receive chain <NUM>-a may be an example of a receive chain for a first RAT (e.g., LTE) and receive chain <NUM>-b may be an example of a receive chain for a second RAT (e.g., NR). Line <NUM>-a may represent firmware (e.g., LTE ML1) for receive chain <NUM>-a, and lines <NUM> may represent communications with firmware (e.g., NR L1) for receive chain <NUM>-a. At <NUM>-a, firmware <NUM> may receive signaling information from receive chain <NUM>-a for a certain wakeup slot. At <NUM>-a, firmware <NUM> may receive signaling information from receive chain <NUM>-b. At <NUM>, firmware <NUM> may apply the common gain to a subsequent slot of receive chain <NUM>-b. At <NUM>, firmware <NUM> may apply the common gain to a subsequent slot of receive chain <NUM>-b. Firmware <NUM> may receive further signaling at <NUM>-b, and firmware <NUM> may also receive further signaling information at <NUM>-b. Firmware <NUM> may determine an updated common gain based on additional signaling. The updated common gain may be applied to subsequent slots.

In some cases, one or more RATs may request to freeze the gain state for both receive chains for both RATs. The firmware module may accept or reject such a request. The firmware module may also have the ability to apply a freeze request for a particular time period after which the common gain state may be applied again. One or more RATs may also have the ability to override a common gain state the apply a gain state optimal for only one RAT. This may be applicable in different mode cases, and also in cases of high priority or low latency communication from one RAT. This freeze process may be shown in slot diagram <NUM>.

For example, receive chain <NUM>-c may be a continuation of receive chain <NUM>-a, and receive chain <NUM>-d may be a continuation of receive chain <NUM>-b. At <NUM>-a, firmware <NUM> may apply the updated common gain based on signaling <NUM>-b and <NUM>-b, based on an aggregation function completed with firmware <NUM> and <NUM>. At <NUM>-a, firmware <NUM> may receive further updated signaling, such as RSSI. At <NUM>-a, firmware <NUM> may apply the updated common gain based on signaling <NUM>-b and <NUM>-b. At <NUM>-a, firmware <NUM> may receive updated RSSI or other signaling information. Firmware <NUM> may receive a request for a freeze in signaling from the RAT corresponding to <NUM>-d (e.g., NR). The freeze request may be for a particular number of slots or subframes. At <NUM>-b, firmware <NUM> may apply an updated common gain to both receive chain <NUM>-a and <NUM>-b. At <NUM>, firmware <NUM> may determine not to apply the update common gain based on the freeze request. At <NUM>-b and <NUM>-b, firmware <NUM> may continue to receive signaling to aggregate updated common gains. Firmware <NUM> may determine not to apply update common gains to receive chain <NUM>-c until the time indicated in the receive request has passed.

Additionally or alternatively, the RAT corresponding to receive chain <NUM>-e may indicate a freeze request. This procedure may be shown in slot diagram <NUM>. In this case, firmware <NUM> may apply an update common gain <NUM> to receive chain <NUM>-e. At <NUM>, firmware <NUM> may determine not to apply the updated common gain to receive chain <NUM>-f based on the received request. At <NUM> and <NUM>, firmware <NUM> may continue to receive signaling information with which to aggregate an updated common gain for future usage.

Firmware <NUM> may also handle gain states across IRAT gaps, in order to determine a gain state before and after a gap that is common to both RATs. An IRAT gap opening may also be an example of an IRAT gap. The handling of gain states across IRAT gaps may include handling a first gain state for the first RAT and a second gain state for the second RAT, within a threshold time of a common IRAT gap opening where this first RAT and the second RAT are inactive. The gap may occur at a time with no communications to or from either RAT, for example, from <NUM>-b to <NUM>. Additionally, the firmware may handle gain states when only one RAT is active, for example from <NUM> to <NUM>-b. This may occur in cases where the measurement gap timing advance (MGTA) is <NUM>, or in other non-common gap cases. The firmware <NUM> may set a special gain state in cases where only one RAT is active for a period of time. For example, firmware <NUM> may set a special gain state at <NUM> when only the RAT corresponding to receive chain <NUM>-a is active, and receive chain <NUM>-b is inactive.

In addition to common gain state application, the common firmware module may share the determined gain state to different RAT-specific components, which may be internal to the firmware or to other hardware or software of the UE <NUM>. This internal communication may aid the RAT-specific component in evaluating optimal digitally controlled variable gain amplifiers (DVGA) gains for signals from the RAT, as well as optimal RF or digital tracking receiver (DTR) settings to handle phase compensation, and to address DC or residual sideband (RSB) and other front end impacts that are dependent on the gain state (e.g., the common gain state applied for signaling from both RATs).

<FIG> illustrates an example of a process flow <NUM> that supports common automatic gain control across multiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, process flow <NUM> may implement aspects of wireless communication systems <NUM> and <NUM>. Antenna and LNA module <NUM> and firmware <NUM> may be internal components to UE <NUM>-b. UE <NUM>-b may receive signaling via the antenna and LNA module <NUM> from two RATs. The LNA may be a LNA shared between the receive chains of each RAT.

UE <NUM>-b may measure a first signal power and a second signal power. This may occur at antenna and LNA module <NUM>. Antenna and LNA module <NUM> may measure, at <NUM>, a first signal power for a first RAT and a second signal power for a second RAT different from the first RAT. Antenna and LNA module <NUM> may measure first signal strength indicators that are based on measurements from one or more carriers associated with the first RAT. Antenna and LNA module <NUM> may measure second signal strength indicators that are based on measurements from one or more carriers associated with the second RAT, where the first signal power and the second signal power are based on first and second signal strength indicators.

At <NUM>, firmware <NUM> may determine a common gain state for the first RAT and the second RAT based on the first signal power and the second power. The aggregation function may include a weighted average of the first signal power and the second signal power. The weighted average of the first signal power and the second signal power may include a weighted average of signal powers for a set of carriers associated with the first RAT, the second RAT, or both. The aggregation function may also include a maximum of a first gain state associated with the first signal power, and a second gain state associated with the signal power. Firmware <NUM> may aggregate the first signal strength indicators across the one or more carriers associated with the first RAT to generate first aggregated signal strength indicators. Firmware <NUM> may also aggregate the second signal strength indicators across the one or more carriers associated with the second RAT to generate second aggregated signal strength indicators. The aggregation function may be further based on a gain state for the first, the second RAT, or both. In some cases, UE <NUM>-b may includes a first SIM for the first RAT and a second SIM for the second RAT.

In some cases, an antenna in antenna and LNA module <NUM> of UE <NUM>-b may receive a request to freeze the common gain state, for a duration, based on a first gain state for the first RAT and a second gain state for the second RAT. Firmware <NUM> of UE <NUM>-b may apply a freeze to the common gain state for the duration based on the request. Firmware <NUM> may also apply a subsequent gain state to the first receiver chain and the second receiver chain after the. In some cases, UE <NUM>-b may reject the request to freeze the common gain state. In some cases, firmware <NUM> may override the common gain state with a different gain state that is selected for the first RAT or the second RAT.

Firmware <NUM> of UE <NUM>-b may identify an IRAT gap, wherein the first RAT and the second RAT are inactive. Firmware <NUM> may determine a first common gain state outside of the IRAT gap and a second common gain state during the IRAT gap. Firmware <NUM> may also handle a first gain state for the first RAT and a second gain state for the second RAT within a threshold time of a common IRAT gap opening wherein the first RAT and the second RAT are inactive. The determination of the common gain state may be based on configuring one or more simultaneous measurements of the first RAT and the second RAT using the shared LNA.

At <NUM>, firmware <NUM> of UE <NUM>-b may apply the common gain state to a first receive chain within UE <NUM>-b (e.g., within module <NUM>) and to a second receiver chain within UE <NUM>-b for the second RAT, wherein the first receiver chain and the second receiver chain share at least one shared LNA (e.g., the LNA of antenna and LNA module <NUM>). Firmware <NUM> may apply the common gain state to a third receive chain within UE <NUM>-b, where the third receiver chain may include a separate LNA that is different from the shared LNA.

<FIG> shows a block diagram <NUM> of a device <NUM> that supports common automatic gain control across multiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device <NUM> may be an example of aspects of a UE <NUM> as described herein. The device <NUM> may include a receiver <NUM>, a controller <NUM>, and a transmitter <NUM>. The device <NUM> may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The receiver <NUM> may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to common automatic gain control across multiple radio access technologies, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device <NUM>. The receiver <NUM> may be an example of aspects of the transceiver <NUM> described with reference to <FIG>. The receiver <NUM> may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The controller <NUM> may measure a first signal power for a first RAT and a second signal power for a second RAT different from the first RAT, determine a common gain state for the first RAT and the second RAT based on the first signal power and the second signal power, and apply the common gain state to a first receiver chain within the UE for the first RAT and to a second receiver chain within the UE for the second RAT, where the first receiver chain and the second receiver chain share at least one shared LNA. The controller <NUM> may be an example of aspects of the controller <NUM> described herein.

The controller <NUM>, or its sub-components, may be implemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the controller <NUM>, or its sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure.

The controller <NUM>, or its sub-components, may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical components. In some examples, the controller <NUM>, or its sub-components, may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the controller <NUM>, or its sub-components, may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

In some examples, the controller <NUM> described herein may be implemented as a chipset of a wireless modem, and the receiver <NUM> and the transmitter <NUM> may be implemented as sets of analog components (e.g., amplifiers, filters, phase shifters, antennas, etc.) The wireless modem may obtain and decode signals from the receiver <NUM> over a receive interface, and may output signals for transmission to the transmitter <NUM> over a transmit interface.

The actions performed by the controller <NUM> as described herein may be implemented to realize one or more potential advantages. One implementation may allow a UE <NUM> to save power and increase battery life by enabling the UE <NUM> to operate efficiently in DC operations with a shared LNA. The controller <NUM> may operate firmware that determines common gain to increase UE capabilities and decrease power loss and other losses. Another implementation may provide improved quality and reliability of service by enabling the UE <NUM> to void glitches and improve signal measurement reliability.

<FIG> shows a block diagram <NUM> of a device <NUM> that supports common automatic gain control across multiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device <NUM> may be an example of aspects of a device <NUM>, or a UE <NUM> as described herein. The device <NUM> may include a receiver <NUM>, a controller <NUM>, and a transmitter <NUM>. The device <NUM> may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The controller <NUM> may be an example of aspects of the controller <NUM> as described herein. The controller <NUM> may include an antenna <NUM>, an aggregation component <NUM>, and a firmware <NUM>. The controller <NUM> may be an example of aspects of the controller <NUM> described herein.

The antenna <NUM> may measure a first signal power for a first RAT and a second signal power for a second RAT different from the first RAT.

The aggregation component <NUM> may determine a common gain state for the first RAT and the second RAT based on the first signal power and the second signal power. The aggregation component <NUM> may determine a common gain state for the first RAT and the second RAT based on inputting the first signal power and the second signal power into an aggregation function.

The firmware <NUM> may apply the common gain state to a first receiver chain within the UE for the first RAT and to a second receiver chain within the UE for the second RAT, where the first receiver chain and the second receiver chain share at least one shared LNA.

A processor of a UE <NUM> (e.g., controller the receiver <NUM>, the transmitter <NUM>, or the transceiver <NUM> as described with reference to <FIG>) may efficiently operate firmware and other components of the UE <NUM> to determine the shared common gain for cases where the circuitry of the UE <NUM> is configured for a shared LNA. The processor of the UE <NUM> may further operate components and circuitry to apply the determined common gain to receive chains for different RATs. This may enable a UE <NUM> to improve reliability by avoiding incorrect gain states between RATs, and also avoiding mobility issues and call drops.

<FIG> shows a block diagram <NUM> of a controller <NUM> that supports common automatic gain control across multiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The controller <NUM> may be an example of aspects of a controller <NUM>, a controller <NUM>, or a controller <NUM> described herein. The controller <NUM> may include an antenna <NUM>, an aggregation component <NUM>, a firmware <NUM>, a freeze component <NUM>, a gap component <NUM>, a scenario <NUM>, an exclusion component <NUM>, a timer component <NUM>, a CDRx/ARD component <NUM>, and a sleep component <NUM>. Aggregation component <NUM> may include freeze component <NUM>, exclusion component <NUM>, and timer component <NUM>. Scenario component <NUM> may include gap component <NUM>, CDRx component <NUM>, sleep component <NUM>. Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The antenna <NUM> may measure a first signal power for a first RAT and a second signal power for a second RAT different from the first RAT. In some examples, the antenna <NUM> may measure first signal strength indicators that are based on measurements from one or more carriers associated with the first RAT.

In some examples, the antenna <NUM> may measure second signal strength indicators that are based on measurements from one or more carriers associated with the second RAT, where the first signal power and the second signal power are based on first and second signal strength indicators. In some examples, the antenna <NUM> may receive a request to freeze the common gain state, for a duration, based on a first gain state for the first RAT or a second gain state for the second RAT.

The aggregation component <NUM> may determine a common gain state for the first RAT and the second RAT based on the first signal power and the second signal power. In some examples, the aggregation component <NUM> may determine a common gain state for the first RAT and the second RAT based on inputting the first signal power and the second signal power into an aggregation function. In some examples, the aggregation component <NUM> may aggregate the first signal strength indicators across the one or more carriers associated with the first RAT to generate first aggregated signal strength indicators. In some examples, the aggregation component <NUM> may aggregate the second signal strength indicators across the one or more carriers associated with the second RAT to generate second aggregated signal strength indicators. In some cases, the aggregation function is further based on a gain state for the first RAT, the second RAT, or both.

In some cases, the aggregation function includes a weighted average of the first signal power and the second signal power. In some cases, the weighted average of the first signal power and the second signal power includes a weighted average of signal powers for a set of carriers associated with the first RAT, the second RAT, or both. In some cases, the aggregation function includes a maximum of a first gain state associated with the first signal power and a second gain state associated with the second signal power.

In some cases, the UE includes a first subscriber identity module (SIM) for the first RAT and a second SIM for the second RAT.

The firmware <NUM> may apply the common gain state to a first receiver chain within the UE for the first RAT and to a second receiver chain within the UE for the second RAT, where the first receiver chain and the second receiver chain share at least one shared LNA. In some examples, the firmware <NUM> may override the common gain state with a different gain state that is selected for the first RAT or the second RAT.

Aggregation component <NUM> may operate the freeze component <NUM> to reject the request to freeze the common gain state. In some examples, aggregation component <NUM> may operate the freeze component <NUM> to apply a freeze to the common gain state, for the duration, based on the request. In some examples, the freeze component <NUM> may apply a subsequent common gain state to the first receiver chain and the second receiver chain after the duration.

Aggregation component <NUM> may also operate exclusion component <NUM> to perform exclusion operations and timer component <NUM> to perform timing operations.

Scenario component <NUM> may operate the gap component <NUM> to handle a first gain state for the first RAT and a second gain state for the second RAT within a threshold time of a common inter-RAT gap opening wherein the first RAT and the second RAT are inactive. In some examples, the aggregation component <NUM> may determine a first common gain state outside of the common inter-RAT gap opening and a second common gain state during the common inter-RAT gap opening based at least in part on configuring one or more simultaneous measurements of the first RAT and the second RAT using the shared LNA.

Scenario component <NUM> may also operate CDRx component <NUM> to perform CDRx operations and sleep component <NUM> to perform sleep operations.

<FIG> shows a diagram of a system <NUM> including a device <NUM> that supports common automatic gain control across multiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device <NUM> may be an example of or include the components of device <NUM>, device <NUM>, or a UE <NUM> as described herein. The device <NUM> may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a controller <NUM>, an I/O controller <NUM>, a transceiver <NUM>, an antenna <NUM>, memory <NUM>, and a processor <NUM>. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus <NUM>).

The controller <NUM> may measure a first signal power for a first RAT and a second signal power for a second RAT different from the first RAT, determine a common gain state for the first RAT and the second RAT based on the first signal power and the second signal power, and apply the common gain state to a first receiver chain within the UE for the first RAT and to a second receiver chain within the UE for the second RAT, where the first receiver chain and the second receiver chain share at least one shared LNA.

In some cases, the memory <NUM> may contain, among other things, a basic I/O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

The processor <NUM> may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor <NUM> may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor <NUM>. The processor <NUM> may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory <NUM>) to cause the device <NUM> to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting common automatic gain control across multiple radio access technologies).

<FIG> shows a flowchart illustrating a method <NUM> that supports common automatic gain control across multiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method <NUM> may be implemented by a UE <NUM> or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method <NUM> may be performed by a controller as described with reference to <FIG>. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At <NUM>, the UE may measure a first signal power for a first RAT and a second signal power for a second RAT different from the first RAT. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by an antenna as described with reference to <FIG>.

At <NUM>, the UE may determine a common gain state for the first RAT and the second RAT based on the first signal power and the second signal power. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by an aggregation component as described with reference to <FIG>.

At <NUM>, the UE may apply the common gain state to a first receiver chain within the UE for the first RAT and to a second receiver chain within the UE for the second RAT, where the first receiver chain and the second receiver chain share at least one shared LNA. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by a firmware as described with reference to <FIG>.

At <NUM>, the UE may measure first signal strength indicators that are based on measurements from one or more carriers associated with the first RAT. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by an antenna as described with reference to <FIG>.

At <NUM>, the UE may measure second signal strength indicators that are based on measurements from one or more carriers associated with the second RAT, where the first signal power and the second signal power are based on first and second signal strength indicators. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by an antenna as described with reference to <FIG>.

At <NUM>, the UE may receive a request to freeze the common gain state, for a duration, based on a first gain state for the first RAT or a second gain state for the second RAT. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by an antenna as described with reference to <FIG>.

For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these.

A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium.

For example, an example step that is described as "based on condition A" may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

The term "example" used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," and not "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

Claim 1:
A method for wireless communications at a user equipment, UE (<NUM>), comprising:
measuring a first signal power of signals from a first radio access technology, RAT, and a second signal power of signals from a second RAT different from the first RAT;
determining a common gain state for the first RAT and the second RAT based at least in part on the first signal power and the second signal power; and
applying the common gain state to a first receiver chain within the UE (<NUM>) for the first RAT and to a second receiver chain within the UE (<NUM>) for the second RAT, wherein the first receiver chain and the second receiver chain share at least one shared low noise amplifier, LNA.