Patent Description:
Nonwoven fabric is often used in an absorbent article such as a sanitary napkin from a viewpoint of texture or the like. Various proposals have been offered regarding such nonwoven fabrics.

For example, <CIT> describes a nonwoven fabric including raised fibers incorporated with free fibers intersecting the raised fibers from a viewpoint of improving texture of the nonwoven fabric.

<CIT> describes an absorbent article having a barrier layer containing a spunbond nonwoven fabric web and a meltblown nonwoven fabric web. From a viewpoint of providing the barrier layer with not only barrier properties but also high flexibility and softness for the sensitive skin, number average fiber diameter of each nonwoven fabric web and total weight percentage of the meltblown nonwoven fabric web are held within specific ranges.

<CIT> discloses that the process of laminating meltbolown fibers to the surface of the spunbond web make meltbolown fibers enter into the long fiber layer of the spunbond web. <CIT> discloses a discloses a water-repellent nonwoven fabric such as a general spunbond nonwoven fabric or a general SMS nonwoven fabric.

The present invention provides an absorbent article including a top layer, a leak-proof layer, and an absorbent layer disposed between the top layer and the leak-proof layer, as defined in independent claim <NUM>. Preferre aspects are defined in the dependent claims.

In an embodiment, the leak-proof layer includes an embossed part in which the meltblown layer and the protective layer are bonded, and a non-embossed part other than the embossed part.

In an embodiment, the leak-proof layer includes a non-opening region in the non-embossed part.

In an embodiment, the non-opening region is a region which does not include a through-hole in which, in a plane view of the leak-proof layer, an interfiber space containing a region in which an area of a rectangle formed of <NUM> in a diagonal line length reaches <NUM><NUM> or more passes therethrough in a thickness direction.

In an embodiment, the non-opening region is arranged on a region in which the leak-proof layer overlaps with the absorbent layer.

Other and further objects, features and advantages of the invention will appear more fully from the following description, appropriately referring to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention relates to an absorbent article including the leak-proof layer formed of a nonwoven fabric in which liquid leakage prevention is enhanced without adversely affecting softness.

Even in conventional nonwoven fabrics as described in <CIT> and <CIT> described above, or a meltblown nonwoven fabric in which interfiber distance is generally small, fine interfiber through-holes develop. When such a nonwoven fabric is applied as the leak-proof layer of an absorbent article, liquid leakage can be prevented up to some extent of liquid amount depending on through-hole size. However, there is a limit on this liquid amount.

A conceivable countermeasure is to close the through-holes to some extent by decreasing fiber diameter or increasing basis weight of the nonwoven fabric to thereby fill interfiber joints. However, since this method increases fiber amount, it may harden and adversely affect feel of the nonwoven fabric and therefore does not offer a viable solution to achieving a leak-proof layer in an absorbent article in contact with the skin.

In calender treatment used in a conventional method for producing nonwoven fabric, interfiber openings can be filled to some extent upon compressing the fibers. However, in fiber-free regions, it is difficult to completely fill the through-holes that become the cause of liquid leakage. If increase of thermocompression bonding by calender treatment is resorted to (compression bonding force is strengthened or compression bonding area is increased), hardening of the nonwoven fabric by flattening of fibers progresses and softness is lost accordingly.

On the other hand, the absorbent article according to the present invention includes a leak-proof layer formed of a nonwoven fabric in which liquid leakage prevention is enhanced without adversely affecting softness.

An absorbent article according to the present invention will be explained below based on a preferred embodiment thereof, referring to the drawings. The nonwoven fabric according to the present invention can be applied to various materials which absorbs and retains excreted liquid. For example, the nonwoven fabric can be used in a diaper, a sanitary napkin, a panty liner, an incontinence pad and a urine pad.

In the present invention, unless particularly stated otherwise, a side that is brought into contact with the human body is referred to as skin-facing surface side, skin-contacting surface side, or top surface side, and a side that is opposite to the above-mentioned side is referred to as non-skin-facing surface side, non-skin-contacting surface side, or back surface side. Especially, the skin-contacting surface side and the non-skin-contacting surface side of a leak-proof layer are referred to as an absorbent layer side and a non-absorbent layer side in several cases. The direction normal to the top surface or the back surface of the absorbent article is referred to as a thickness direction, and an amount thereof is referred to as thickness.

<FIG> shows a cross-section of an absorbent article <NUM> of the embodiment. The absorbent article <NUM> includes a liquid permeable top layer <NUM> arranged on the skin-contacting surface side, a leak-proof layer <NUM> arranged on the non-skin-contacting surface side, and a liquid-holding absorbent layer <NUM> disposed between the top layer <NUM> and the leak-proof layer <NUM>. The absorbent layer <NUM> is a layer of a hydrophilic material arranged on the non-skin-contacting surface side of the top layer <NUM>, and may contain not only an aggregate (absorbent core) of liquid absorbers such as pulp and an absorbent polymer but also a covering sheet (also referred to as a core wrap sheet) that covers the aggregate of liquid absorbers. Specific examples of the covering sheet include a liquid-permeable fiber sheet such as a thin paper (tissue paper) and a nonwoven fabric.

The leak-proof layer <NUM> is directly stacked on the absorbent layer <NUM>. That is, the leak-proof layer <NUM> and the absorbent layer <NUM> are stacked without presence of other layers between both except for an agent (adhesive or the like) used for bonding. In the absorbent article <NUM> of the embodiment, the leak-proof layer <NUM> forms a layer closest to the non-skin-contacting surface side of the absorbent article <NUM>. However, in the absorbent article according to the present invention, the leak-proof layer need not necessarily be the layer closest to the non-skin-contacting surface side. For example, when the absorbent article according to the present invention is a sanitary napkin or the like, an adhesive for fixing the article to clothing on the non-skin-contacting surface side of the leak-proof layer, a release paper for covering the adhesive until the adhesive is used, or the like may be arranged. The absorbent article <NUM> of the embodiment preferably includes no film on the non-skin-contacting surface side of the absorbent layer <NUM>. The leak-proof layer <NUM> preferably includes a surface <NUM> on an absorbent layer side 2A in contact with the absorbent layer <NUM> and a surface <NUM> on a non-absorbent layer side 2B. The surface <NUM> on the non-absorbent layer side 2B of the leak-proof layer <NUM> preferably constitutes an outer surface of the absorbent article <NUM>.

The leak-proof layer <NUM> includes a fiber layer <NUM> such as a nonwoven fabric or the like as a component. Specifically, as shown in <FIG>, the leak-proof layer <NUM> has a fiber layer <NUM> including a meltblown layer <NUM> and a protective layer <NUM> of the meltblown layer <NUM>. The protective layer <NUM> is preferably arranged at least on the non-absorbent layer side of the meltblown layer <NUM>. The protective layer <NUM> is a layer which reinforces strength or the like of the meltblown layer <NUM>. The leak-proof layer <NUM> preferably includes an embossed part (not shown) in which the meltblown layer <NUM> and the protective layer <NUM> are bonded, and a non-embossed part (not shown) other than the embossed part. The embossed part herein means a region in which constituent fibers of the fiber layer <NUM> are consolidated by heat embossing. In the embossed part formed in the fiber layer <NUM> by this consolidation, a thickness thereof is reduced, as compared with other sites of the fiber layer <NUM>. The embossed part has a circular or rectangular shape, for example, and can be formed in a scatter form over a whole area of the fiber layer <NUM>. Alternatively, a plurality of lines of linear or curved embossed parts can also be formed. The plurality of lines of the linear or curved embossed parts can also be formed so that the plurality of lines thereof may cross with each other.

The leak-proof layer <NUM> includes synthetic fibers as constituent fibers, and preferably has water-repellency. Thereby the leak-proof layer <NUM> includes a function of preventing the excreted liquid which is permeated from the top layer <NUM> and absorbed in the absorbent layer <NUM> from leaking to an outside of the absorbent article <NUM>. Therefore the leak-proof layer <NUM> including the fiber layer <NUM> as a component preferably includes the following fiber structure in a region in which the leak-proof layer <NUM> overlaps with the absorbent layer <NUM>.

Namely, the leak-proof layer <NUM> preferably includes, in a region in which the leak-proof layer <NUM> overlaps with the absorbent layer <NUM>, a non-opening region in the non-embossed part. The non-opening region is a region which does not include the "through-hole in which, in a plane view, an interfiber space containing a region in which an area of a rectangle formed of <NUM> in a diagonal line length reaches <NUM><NUM> or more passes therethrough in the thickness direction" (hereinafter, referred to as the through-hole). A size of the "region in which the area of the rectangle formed of <NUM> in the diagonal line length reaches <NUM><NUM> or more" is a size at which water seepage from the leak-proof layer is worried about in the following state: namely, in the state in which the excreted liquid in the absorbent article arrives at the leak-proof layer from a top layer, and a seating pressure is applied to water (liquid such as the excreted liquid which is absorbed by the absorbent article). The through-hole is a hole which passes therethrough in the thickness direction at a predetermined size according to the definition described above, and the "non-opening region" which does not include the through-hole may be confirmed from either the surface <NUM> on the absorbent layer side 2A of the leak-proof layer <NUM>, or the surface <NUM> on the non-absorbent layer side 2B thereof.

The "plane view" herein means to observe a sheet surface (the surface <NUM> on the absorbent layer side 2A, or the surface <NUM> on the non-absorbent layer side 2B) of the leak-proof layer <NUM> from above. The "hole which passes therethrough in the thickness direction" herein means a hole in which, "in the plane view, the interfiber space in which the area of the rectangle formed of <NUM> in the diagonal line length reaches <NUM><NUM> or more" passes therethrough in the thickness direction of the leak-proof layer <NUM> while including the area.

Further, requirements for the diagonal line length and the area described above to be specified on the "through-hole" herein mean a seepage size upon application of the seating pressure to water in a relation with the excreted liquid to be absorbed in the absorbent article.

Presence or absence of the through-hole can be measured by the method as follows.

That is, the sheet surface (the surface <NUM> on the absorbent layer side 2A or the surface <NUM> on the non-absorbent layer side 2B) of the leak-proof layer <NUM> is observed at an observation magnification of <NUM>,<NUM> times by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (manufactured by JEOL Co. , JCM-6000PLUS (trade name), for example, which is the same also in other places of this specification) to identify the interfiber space which passes therethrough without being blocked by the fibers when viewed from front to depth (the thickness direction of the leak-proof layer <NUM>) of an observation screen (or image pick-up screen). Whether or not the rectangle (including a square) in which two straight lines in a <NUM> scale cross at a midpoint can be drawn relative to this interfiber space is examined. Then, when the area of the rectangle is <NUM><NUM> or more, the through-hole is judged to be present.

The area of the rectangle is calculated based on the following Formula [<NUM>]. A smaller one of angles at the midpoint at which the straight lines cross in the rectangle mentioned above is taken as a crossing angle θ (<NUM>° ≤ θ ≤ <NUM>°) to measure the crossing angle θ. The area of the rectangle in which the crossing angle θ is formed to be <NUM>° or more with the diagonal line of <NUM> reaches <NUM><NUM> or more.

When a leak-proof layer is taken out from a commercially available absorbent article for the measurement described above, a hotmelt adhering each inter-material is solidified by spraying a cold spray <NUM> away from the most exterior side for about <NUM> seconds, and then the leak-proof layer is carefully peeled off. The means of taking out the leak-proof layer is applied to other measuring methods in this specification.

The method for measuring a through-hole described above can be performed as shown in <FIG>, for example. That is, when the leak-proof layer <NUM> is observed from the surface <NUM> on the absorbent layer side 2A, or the surface <NUM> on the non-absorbent layer side 2B, a space <NUM> which is surrounded by fibers <NUM>, and is not blocked by other fibers in the thickness direction is identified. Subsequently, depending on whether or not a rectangle E in which two straight lines (drawn in the <NUM> scale and crossed at the midpoint, and the crossing angle is adjusted to be: θ = <NUM>° or more and <NUM>°or less) E1 and E1 are applied as the diagonal lines can be drawn, it is judged whether or not the through-hole defined above is present. When the rectangle E can be drawn, it is judged that an observation object leak-proof layer includes the through-hole. When the rectangle E cannot be drawn, it is judged that the observation object leak-proof layer does not include the through-hole.

A case where the leak-proof layer <NUM> does not include the through-hole defined above includes the aspect as described below, for example. That is, even if the interfiber space which satisfies the requirements for the diagonal line and the area described above is present on a front surface upon the plane view, when the fibers which block this interfiber space are present in depth thereof and the "hole" does not pass therethrough in the thickness direction with keeping the size described above, the leak-proof layer <NUM> does not include the through-hole described above. Also when a hole as small as the rectangle having the diagonal line of <NUM> in length cannot be drawn is present in the interfiber space which is visible on a front side upon observing the through-hole in the plane view, the leak-proof layer <NUM> does not include the through-hole described above, either. In the same manner, also when a small hole in which the area of the rectangle drawn so that two straight lines in the <NUM> scale may cross at the midpoint does not reach <NUM><NUM> or more (namely, less than <NUM><NUM>) is present, the leak-proof layer <NUM> does not include the through-hole described above, either.

Specific examples of a method to enable the leak-proof layer <NUM> to have the non-opening region without the through-hole defined above include various methods, such as a method for increasing the number of fibers by increasing a basis weight.

Above all, from a viewpoint of keeping softness without excessively increasing a fiber amount to enhance liquid leakage prevention, the leak-proof layer <NUM> preferably includes a structure shown below.

That is, with regard to the leak-proof layer <NUM>, in a laminated structure of the meltblown layer <NUM> and the protective layer <NUM> mentioned above, the leak-proof layer <NUM> includes a raised region <NUM> in which the number of fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> for the fibers which penetrate into the protective layer <NUM> is <NUM> fibers/mm or more in the region which overlaps with the absorbent layer <NUM> (see a partially enlarged drawing in a circle shown by a symbol P in <FIG>).

The "raised region <NUM>" herein means a fiber structure inside the leak-proof layer <NUM>, as described above. That is, inside the leak-proof layer <NUM>, a part including a structure in which part of fibers (one end part of the fiber, for example) is protruded from a fiber aggregate 41B constituting the meltblown layer <NUM>, and the protruded fibers (raised fibers) 41A penetrate into space between fibers 42A of the protective layer <NUM> is referred to as the "raised region <NUM>". The protective layer <NUM> into which the fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> penetrate is preferably arranged on the non-absorbent layer side 2B of the meltblown layer <NUM>.

The laminated structure of the leak-proof layer <NUM> is not limited to an embodiment of a two-layer structure as shown in <FIG>, and insofar as the laminated structure includes the protective layer <NUM> at least on the non-absorbent layer side 2B, the laminated structure may include a structure haing three or more layers. For example, as shown in <FIG>, the laminated structure may also be a structure having another protective layer <NUM> on the absorbent layer side 2A in addition to the protective layer <NUM> on non-absorbent layer side 2B of the meltblown layer <NUM>. Alternatively, although not shown, the meltblown layer <NUM> may be formed into two or more layers, or each of the protective layers <NUM> and <NUM> may be formed into two or more layers. However, from a viewpoint of keeping softness as the leak-proof layer <NUM>, the leak-proof layer <NUM> has the "raised region <NUM> in which the number of fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> for the fibers which penetrate into the protective layer <NUM> is <NUM> fibers/mm or more" described above with as few laminations as possible (see a partially enlarged drawing in a circle shown by a symbol P in <FIG>).

The raised region <NUM> mentioned above is present inside the leak-proof layer <NUM>, thereby part of fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> stands, and is arranged so that the fibers may bury the interfiber space of the leak-proof layer <NUM>, even without excessively increasing the fiber amount of the leak-proof layer <NUM>. As a result, the through-hole in the thickness direction is filled, and the leak-proof layer <NUM> has high liquid leakage prevention without adversely affecting softness.

From a viewpoint of liquid leakage prevention, adjustment of the number of fibers which penetrate thereinto in the raised region <NUM> of the leak-proof layer <NUM> to be <NUM> fibers/mm or more means the number of fibers which fill the through-hole mentioned above.

From a viewpoint of liquid leakage prevention, the number of fibers which penetrate from the meltblown layer <NUM> into the protective layer <NUM> in the raised region <NUM> is preferably <NUM> fibers/mm or more, and more preferably <NUM> fibers/mm or more. From a viewpoint of air permeability, the number of fibers which penetrate described above is preferably <NUM> fibers/mm or less, more preferably <NUM> fibers/mm or less, and further preferably <NUM> fibers/mm or less. Specifically, the number of fibers which penetrate from the meltblown layer <NUM> into the protective layer <NUM> in the raised region <NUM> is preferably <NUM> fibers/mm or more and <NUM> fibers/mm or less, more preferably <NUM> fibers/mm or more and <NUM> fibers/mm or less, and further preferably <NUM> fibers/mm or more and <NUM> fibers/mm or less.

The number of fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> which penetrate into the protective layer <NUM> can be measured by a method described below.

When a leak-proof layer is taken out from a commercially available absorbent article, the leak-proof layer <NUM> in the region which overlaps with the absorbent layer is taken out according to the method shown in (Method for measuring through-hole) mentioned above. The taken out leak-proof layer <NUM> is cut in the thickness direction to obtain a cross section. The leak-proof layer <NUM> is placed on an observation stage so that the cross section may face up to observe a cut surface at an observation magnification of <NUM> times by using the SEM.

With regard to a length (length in a plane direction in a leak-proof layer cross section) of a visual field, the visual field in one place when the leak-proof layer is observed by the SEM is adjusted to <NUM> to measure the numbers in ten places. The number of raised fibers 41A which penetrate from the meltblown layer <NUM> into the protective layer <NUM> on the non-absorbent layer side 2B is counted on each place. A total of the numbers counted in the ten places described above is taken as a numerator to calculate the number based on the following Formula [<NUM>].

Specific examples of the cut surface in the thickness direction to be observed include a SEM image as shown in <FIG>. In the cross section of the leak-proof layer <NUM> shown in <FIG>, a three-layer structure of the protective layer (spunbond layer) <NUM> on the absorbent layer side 2A, the meltblown layer <NUM>, and the protective layer (spunbond layer) <NUM> on the non-absorbent layer side 2B is formed. In the SEM image in <FIG>, the raised fibers 41A protruded from the fiber aggregate 41B constituting the meltblown layer <NUM> penetrate into space between the fibers 42A of the protective layer <NUM> on the non-absorbent layer side 2B. The fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> for the fibers which penetrate into the protective layer <NUM> are preferably formed as shown in a SEM image shown in <FIG>, for example, when observed from the surface <NUM> on the non-absorbent layer side 2B. That is, as shown in a box region of a long dashed short dashed line in the SEM image of <FIG>, the raised fibers 41A of the meltblown layer <NUM> are preferably formed into a state in which the raised fibers 41A are entangled with the fibers 42A of the protective layer <NUM>, while the raised fibers 41A penetrate into space between the fibers 42A of the protective layer <NUM>. Thereby penetration of the raised fibers 41A of the meltblown layer <NUM> into the protective layer <NUM> is further stably held.

In <FIG>, as shown in <FIG>, the protective layers <NUM> and <NUM> are arranged on both surfaces of the meltblown layer <NUM>. In this case, as shown in <FIG>, the raised region <NUM> is preferably arranged on the non-absorbent layer side 2B. This is because, from a viewpoint of liquid leakage prevention, a state of the raised fibers is held. More specifically, this is because a fiber structure of the raised region <NUM> is protected from a pressure of the liquid which migrates from the absorbent layer <NUM> to prevent the through-hole from being generated when in use of the absorbent article. The raised region <NUM> may be arranged on both the non-absorbent layer side 2B and the absorbent layer side 2A.

From a viewpoint of liquid leakage prevention, the raised region <NUM> is preferably arranged on a region as a whole in which the leak-proof layer <NUM> overlaps with the absorbent layer <NUM>. The raised region <NUM> is more preferably arranged from a region which overlaps with the absorbent layer <NUM> to a plane region which does not overlap with the absorbent layer <NUM> beyond this region.

In the leak-proof layer <NUM>, the fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> preferably are not exposed on the top surface (top surface of the surface <NUM>) on the non-absorbent layer side 2B. As an aspect in which the fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> are not exposed thereon, a thickness of the protective layer <NUM> on the non-absorbent layer side 2B of the meltblown layer <NUM> can be adjusted to a predetermined level, or the fibers can also be immobilized by using a hot-melt adhesive or the like, for example.

Thus, the fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> are not exposed on the top surface (top surface of the surface <NUM>) on the non-absorbent layer side 2B, and thereby the raised fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> are protected, the fiber structure of the raised region <NUM> is held, and the liquid becomes difficult to seep out from the leak-proof layer <NUM>.

Presence or absence of the exposure described above can be confirmed by observing a top surface of an observation object at an observation magnification of <NUM> times by using the SEM.

When the fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> are reflected on a topmost surface of the observation screen, the fibers of the meltblown layer are judged to be exposed on the top surface. If not, for example, when only the fibers of the protective layer are reflected on the topmost surface of the observation screen, the fibers are judged not to be exposed thereon.

The "meltblown layer" herein means a fiber layer (layer of a nonwoven fabric of a type directly joined with spinning) formed by spinning a heated and melted thermoplastic resin, and allowing the resulting fibers to accumulate on a conveyor, thereby being processed into the nonwoven fabric according to a so-called meltblown method. In the meltblown method, the melted resin output from nozzles of a spinneret is blown off by a jet flow of high-temperature gas to form ultra-micronized floc fibers in a tearing off manner. Therefore, the obtained meltblown layer is a layer of the nonwoven fabric formed of ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of <NUM> or less. Constituent fibers are formed of filament fibers having a fiber length of <NUM> or more. Interfiber distance is also small. Such the meltblown layer <NUM> is superior in feelings and barrier properties. On the other hand, reinforcement by the protective layer <NUM> is required on strength or wear resistance.

From a viewpoint of excellent liquid leakage prevention, an average fiber diameter (R1) of fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> is <NUM> or less, preferably <NUM> or less, and further preferably <NUM> or less. The average fiber diameter (R1) is practically <NUM> or more. Specifically, the average fiber diameter (R1) of fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> is preferably <NUM> or more and <NUM> or less, more preferably <NUM> or more and <NUM> or less, and further preferably <NUM> or more and <NUM> or less. In the laminated structure of the meltblown layer <NUM> and the protective layer <NUM> of the leak-proof layer <NUM>, the average fiber diameter (R1) of fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> is suppressed within the range described above, and thereby the interfiber space can be further narrowed to more definitely prevent the leak-proof layer <NUM> from including the through-hole mentioned above.

The protective layer <NUM> is a fiber layer which reinforces the strength or the like of the meltblown layer <NUM>, and is preferably formed by using fibers having a larger fiber diameter than a fiber diameter of the meltblown layer <NUM>. As the protective layer <NUM>, insofar as the layer may reinforce the strength or the like of the meltblown layer <NUM>, various fiber layers can be used. Among these, from a viewpoint of cost, the protective layer <NUM> is preferably formed of a spunbond layer.

The "spunbond layer" herein means a layer of a nonwoven fabric which is produced by a so-called spunbond method. In the same manner as in the meltblown layer, the spunbond layer is a fiber layer formed by spinning the heated and melted thermoplastic resin and allowing the resulting fibers to accumulate on a conveyor. However, in the spunbond method, the fibers are formed while cooling and drawing a melted resin output from nozzles from a spinneret. The obtained spunbond layer has larger fiber diameter than a fiber diameter of the meltblown layer, and is a fiber layer formed of fibers having long fiber length (filament). It is preferable that the spunbond layer is laminated on the meltblown layer, and then heat embossing is applied thereto, and the resulting product is processed into the nonwoven fabric in which both are integrated.

From a viewpoint of more definitely preventing the leak-proof layer <NUM> from including the through-hole mentioned above, from a viewpoint of further increasing the number of fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> for the fibers which penetrate into the protective layer <NUM> in the raised region <NUM>, and from a viewpoint of further enhancing effectiveness of a protective function of the protective layer <NUM> to the meltblown layer <NUM>, the average fiber diameter (R1) of fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> is preferably smaller than an average fiber diameter (R2) of fibers of the protective layer <NUM>. From these viewpoints, a ratio (R1/R2) of the average fiber diameter (R1) of fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> to the average fiber diameter (R2) of fibers of the protective layer <NUM> is preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or less, more preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or less, and further preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or less. From a viewpoint of air permeablity, the ratio (R1/R2) is preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or more, more preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or more, and further preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or more. Specifically, the ratio (R1/R2) is preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or more and <NUM>/<NUM> or less, more preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or more and <NUM>/<NUM> or less, and further preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or more and <NUM>/<NUM> or less.

An art is referred to, in which five small-piece samples are collected from a meltblown layer of a leak-proof layer in a random manner, a photograph in which an observation magnification is increased, for example, to <NUM>,<NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM> times is taken so that <NUM> to <NUM> fibers may be taken in a visual field by using the SEM, a fiber diameter is measured on all the fibers within the visual field so that the fiber may be counted once for each, and the measured average value is rounded off to a first decimal place to calculate and determine an average fiber diameter.

In the meltblown layer <NUM>, from a viewpoint of holding softness while filling the through-hole of the leak-proof layer <NUM>, a filling rate is adjusted to preferably <NUM>% or less, more preferably <NUM>% or less, further preferably <NUM>% or less, and particularly preferably <NUM>% or less. The "filling rate" herein means a proportion of fibers per space. The filling rate of the meltblown layer <NUM> is suppressed within the range described above. Thereby as texture of the meltblown layer <NUM> alone, the layer can include flexibility which may produce a gentle curved surface or pleat as in cloth (high drape property) to suppress hardness as in paper or a film (crisply feeling: hardness which needs a certain degree of force upon folding or the like, and is easily bent, and not curved upon twisting, for example: dry chafing sound which is generated when touched, or when twisted or the like).

From a viewpoint of leakage prevention, the filling rate of the meltblown layer <NUM> is preferably <NUM>% or more, more preferably <NUM>% or more, and further preferably <NUM>% or more. Specifically, the filling rate of the meltblown layer <NUM> is preferably <NUM>% or more and <NUM>% or less, more preferably <NUM>% or more and <NUM>% or less, further preferably <NUM>% or more and <NUM>% or less, and particularly preferably <NUM>% or more and <NUM>% or less.

The filling rate of the meltblown layer can be measured by the method described below.

Mass of a measurement object leak-proof layer is measured. A cross section in a thickness direction of the leak-proof layer is observed by using the SEM described above, and the thickness of the meltblown layer is measured. The meltblown layer is taken out based on (Method for measuring basis weight of meltblown layer) described later. The basis weight is calculated, and the filling rate is calculated by the expression: { basis weight of meltblown layer / (thickness of meltblown layer × density of resin) } × <NUM>.

The "resin density" described above can be measured by the method described below.

That is, the meltblown layer taken out therefrom is pressed at <NUM> by LABO PRESS (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisaku-Sho, Ltd. , model P2-<NUM>), and for <NUM> minute by a two-step press (low pressure: <NUM>/cm<NUM>, high pressure: <NUM>/cm<NUM>), and then for <NUM> minute by a cooling press to prepare a film. Then, the film is cut into <NUM> × <NUM> from a place in which air is not entrained, mass is measured, and then the resulting value is divided by a volume to calculate the resin density.

From a viewpoint of securing softness, the basis weight of the meltblown layer <NUM> is preferably <NUM>/m<NUM> or less, more preferably <NUM>/m<NUM> or less, and further preferably <NUM>/m<NUM> or less. From a viewpoint of securing sheet strength, the basis weight of the meltblown layer <NUM> is preferably <NUM>/m<NUM> or more, more preferably <NUM>/m<NUM> or more, and further preferably <NUM>/m<NUM> or more. Specifically, the basis weight of the meltblown layer <NUM> is preferably <NUM>/m<NUM> or more and <NUM>/m<NUM> or less, more preferably <NUM>/m<NUM> or more and <NUM>/m<NUM> or less, and further preferably <NUM>/m<NUM> or more and <NUM>/m<NUM> or less.

The basis weight of the meltblown layer can be measured as described below.

Mass of a measurement object leak-proof layer is measured in a dry state. A cross section in a thickness direction of the leak-proof layer is observed by using the SEM described above, and the thickness of each of the meltblown layer and the protective layer and a thickness ratio thereof are measured. In order to peel off the meltblown layer from the leak-proof layer, the following means are used. When the meltblown layer and the protective layer are bonded with the hot-melt or the like, the meltblown layer is carefully peeled off using a cold spray. Mass of the meltblown layer is measured, and the resulting value is divided by a sheet area of the leak-proof layer to calculate the basis weight of the meltblown layer. When the meltblown layer and the protective layer are thermally bonded by embossing or the like, an embossed part is removed, and then the meltblown layer is carefully peeled off by hand, tweezers, or the like. Then, the mass of the meltblown layer is measured, and the resulting value is divided by a value obtained by subtracting an area of the embossed part from the sheet area of the leak-proof layer to calculate the basis weight of the meltblown layer.

A preferable method for producing a nonwoven fabric serving as the leak-proof layer <NUM> of the embodiment will be described. A case where the protective layer <NUM> is applied as a spunbond layer will be described herein.

In the meltblown layer <NUM>, ultrafine fibers are accumulated on a belt conveyor by a meltblown method to continuously convey a meltblown layer raw material in a machine direction. On the occasion, the fiber diameter, the filling rate, and the basis weight mentioned above can be satisfied by setting various conditions such as a diameter of the nozzle of the spinneret, an air speed and a temperature of the jet flow of high-temperature gas. Subsequently, as the protective layer <NUM>, a spunbond layer raw material is laminated on a surface of the meltblown layer raw material described above by the spunbond method. On the occasion, raising treatment is preferably applied to the surface of the meltblown layer raw material in an upstream of a front in which the spunbond layer raw material is laminated thereon. Thereby the spunbond layer raw material is laminated on a raising-treated surface of the meltblown layer raw material, and the raised region <NUM> mentioned above is formed.

The raising treatment can be conducted by various methods ordinarily used for a method for producing a nonwoven fabric. For example, the raising treatment is conducted by rotating a convex roll having a plurality of convex parts on a peripheral surface while the convex roll is brought into contact with the surface of the meltblown layer raw material. Thereby the raised fibers can be formed.

After the raising treatment, on the raising-treated surface of the meltblown layer raw material, the fibers that are output, cooled and drawn by the spunbond method and serving as the spunbond layer raw material are accumulated. Thereby the raised fibers of the meltblown layer raw material penetrate into space between the fibers of the spunbond layer raw material, and the raised region <NUM> in the leak-proof layer <NUM> of the embodiment is formed. Thereby the nonwoven fabric serving as the leak-proof layer <NUM> of the embodiment can be produced.

In this producing method, a structure of the "number of fibers of the meltblown layer for the fibers which penetrate into the protective layer is <NUM> fibers/mm or more" in the raised region <NUM> can be formed by protrusion of part of fibers (one end part of the fiber, for example) from the fiber aggregate 41B constituting the meltblown layer <NUM> and penetration of the protruded fibers (raised fibers) 41A into space between the fibers 42A of the protective layer <NUM> on the non-absorbent layer side 2B. In the method for producing the nonwoven fabric serving as the leak-proof layer <NUM> of the embodiment, a desired average fiber diameter, filling rate, basis weight or the like can be obtained by appropriately setting various production conditions.

In the producing method described above, a protective layer <NUM> formed of the spunbond layer can be further arranged on a surface serving as the absorbent layer side 2A of the meltblown layer raw material. In this case, a step for producing the spunbond layer raw material in the same manner described above may further be provided in an upstream of the step for producing the meltblown layer raw material. In this case, the meltblown layer raw material is formed on the spunbond layer raw material produced in an upstream.

As the method for producing an absorbent article according to the present invention, it is preferable that the nonwoven fabric obtained by the producing method described above is directly stacked on the absorbent layer as the leak-proof layer. The top layer is stacked on the absorbent layer with the leak-proof layer (nonwoven fabric) which are directly stacked on the skin-contacting surface side of the absorbent layer, and the resulting product is integrated to produce the absorbent article according to the present invention. In an occasion, the method may include a step of assembling other members, when necessary.

Constituent fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> of the leak-proof layer <NUM>, and constituent fibers in the case where the protective layers <NUM> and <NUM> are formed of spunbond layers, are formed of a thermoplastic resin. Specific examples of the thermoplastic resins include one or more selected from a polyolefin-based resin, a polyester-based resin, a polyamide-based resin, an acrylonitrile-based resin, a vinyl-based resin and a vinylidene-based resin. Specific examples of the polyolefin-based resin include one or more selected from polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene. Specific examples of the polyester-based resin include one or more selected from polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate. Specific examples of the polyamide-based resin include one or more selected from nylon and the like. Specific examples of the vinyl-based resin include polyvinyl chloride and the like. Specific examples of the vinylidene-based resin include polyvinylidene chloride. A modified product or a mixture of various resins described above can also be used.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more in detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

A spunbond layer raw material is formed having an average fiber diameter of <NUM> and a basis weight of <NUM>/m<NUM>, using a polyolefin resin by a spunbond method.

A meltblown layer raw material is formed having a basis weight of <NUM>/m<NUM> thereon, using a polyolefin resin by a meltblown method (spinning temperature: <NUM>). Raising treatment was conducted onto a whole surface of the meltblown layer raw material. Specifically, the meltblown layer raw material was chafed once at <NUM>/min in a machine direction of the meltblown layer raw material, while applying a pressure of <NUM> Pa thereto, by Sheet Paper, manufactured by TRUSCO NAKAYAMA CORPORATION, catalog number: GBS-<NUM>-5P. An average fiber diameter, a thickness, and a filling rate of the obtained meltblown layer were measured based on (Method for measuring average fiber diameter), (Method for measuring filling rate of meltblown layer), and (Method for measuring basis weight of meltblown layer) described above.

Subsequently, on a raising-treated surface of the meltblown layer raw material, the spunbond layer raw material having the average fiber diameter of <NUM> and the basis weight of <NUM>/m<NUM> was formed, using the polyolefin resin by the spunbond method.

Then, heat embossing was applied to a laminated spunbond-meltblown-spunbond (SMS) fiber layer, and the resulting product was taken as an SMS nonwoven fabric.

Thereby a leak-proof layer sample in Example <NUM> was prepared, in which spunbond layers arranged on both surfaces of a meltblown layer <NUM> were applied as protective layers <NUM> and <NUM>.

In the obtained leak-proof layer sample, on a surface with the spunbond layer on a raising-treated side of the meltblown layer <NUM>, the number of fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> for the fibers which penetrated into the protective layer from a raising-treated surface of the meltblown layer <NUM> was measured based on (Method for measuring number of fibers which penetrate thereinto) mentioned above, and was shown as in Table <NUM> (hereinafter, the same in Examples <NUM> and <NUM>).

Similarly, in the obtained leak-proof layer sample, on the surface with the spunbond layer on the raising-treated side of the meltblown layer <NUM>, whether or not the fibers of the meltblown layer were exposed on a top surface of the spunbond layer was confirmed based on (Method for confirming whether or not fibers of meltblown layer are exposed on top surface of leak-proof layer) mentioned above, and was shown as in Table <NUM> (hereinafter, the same in Examples <NUM> and <NUM>).

A leak-proof layer sample in Example <NUM> was prepared in the same manner as in Example <NUM> except that a meltblown layer <NUM> was applied as shown in Table <NUM>. The fiber diameter described above was realized by changing a spinning temperature of the meltblown layer in Example <NUM> to a low temperature (<NUM>).

A leak-proof layer sample in Example <NUM> was prepared in the same manner as in Example <NUM> except that a meltblown layer <NUM> was applied as shown in Table <NUM>. The fiber diameter described above was realized by changing a spinning temperature of the meltblown layer in Example <NUM> to <NUM>.

A leak-proof layer sample in Comparative Example <NUM> was prepared in the same manner as in Example <NUM> except that a meltblown layer <NUM> was applied as described in Table <NUM> without conducting raising treatment thereto. Formation of fibers which slightly penetrated thereinto, irrespective of no raising treatment, was caused by a pressure applied thereto upon lamination.

A leak-proof layer sample in Comparative Example <NUM> was prepared in the same manner as in Example <NUM> except that a meltblown layer <NUM> was applied as described in Table <NUM> without conducting raising treatment thereto.

A leak-proof layer sample in Comparative Example <NUM> was prepared in the same manner as in Example <NUM> except that a meltblown layer <NUM> was applied as shown in Table <NUM>. The fiber diameter was realized by changing a spinning temperature of the meltblown layer in Example <NUM> to a low temperature (<NUM>).

A leak-proof layer sample in Comparative Example <NUM> was prepared in the same manner as in Example <NUM> except that a meltblown layer <NUM> was applied as described in Table <NUM> by enhancing a filling rate by calender treatment without conducting raising treatment thereto.

A spunbond layer raw material and a meltblown layer raw material which were the same as in Example <NUM> were prepared one for each, and in a state in which both raw materials were overlapped, a water flow was jetted twice at water pressures different from each other from a meltblown layer raw material side. First jetting was performed at a low pressure (<NUM> MPa) using a nozzle having a diameter of <NUM> to entangle constituent fibers of the spunbond layer raw material and the meltblown layer raw material, and simultaneously both layers were wetted with water and well fitted. Second jetting was performed at a high pressure (<NUM> MPa) using a nozzle having a diameter of <NUM> to further entangle the constituent fibers of the spunbond layer raw material and the meltblown layer raw material to obtain an SM nonwoven fabric formed of two layers of a spunbond-meltblown (SM).

Thereby a leak-proof layer sample in Comparative Example <NUM> was prepared, in which a spunbond layer arranged on one surface of a meltblown layer <NUM> was applied as a protective layer <NUM>. A thickness and a filling rate of the meltblown layer were measured based on (Method for measuring filling rate of meltblown layer) and (Method for measuring basis weight of meltblown layer) mentioned above.

In the leak-proof layer sample in Comparative Example <NUM>, the number of fibers of the meltblown layer <NUM> for the fibers which penetrated into the protective layer <NUM> from a surface of the meltblown layer <NUM> was measured based on (Method for measuring number of fibers which penetrate thereinto) mentioned above, and was shown in Table <NUM>.

A leak-proof layer sample in Comparative Example <NUM> was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example <NUM> except that a pressure of a water flow to be jetted was adjusted to <NUM> MPa for first jetting, and to <NUM> MPa for second jetting.

Confirmations and tests described below were conducted on each leak-proof layer samples in Examples and Comparative Examples described above. The results are shown in Table <NUM>.

On a filter paper (manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co. , No. <NUM>, diameter: <NUM>), a specimen prepared by cutting the leak-proof layer sample into <NUM> × <NUM> was placed. On the occasion, the leak-proof layer sample was placed thereon with a surface on a non-absorbent layer side 2B (surface with a raised region) directed toward the filter paper. On the leak-proof layer sample, a specimen prepared by cutting a dry pulp sheet (manufactured by Lion Corporation, Lead Healthy Cooking Paper Double (trade name), basis weight: <NUM>/m<NUM>) into <NUM> × <NUM> was placed.

Subsequently, from above the dry pulp sheet, <NUM> of deionized water into which <NUM> mass% of Blue No. <NUM> was incorporated was injected thereinto using a dropping pipet. After injection, an acrylic plate having a diameter of <NUM> was overlapped thereon, and was pressurized for <NUM> seconds using a <NUM> weight from above.

After pressurization for <NUM> seconds, presence or absence of wetting in the filter paper (presence or absence of seepage) was confirmed by a method for visually confirming coloring to the filter paper. An amount of deionized water seeped out to the filter paper was confirmed by subtracting a weight before testing from a weight after testing as measured by an electronic balance.

<NUM> of deionized water injected thereinto was used by assuming a state in which a whole leak-proof layer is wet with a liquid migrated from an absorbent layer to the leak-proof layer in an absorbent article. A load of <NUM> weight was applied by assuming a state in which a seating pressure was applied by wearing the absorbent article.

Sensory evaluation of softness was performed by asking five panels (persons engaged in research in an absorbent article field) to rub surfaces (both surfaces) of each nonwoven fabric sample by hand. After asking each panel to score the evaluation based on the evaluation criteria described below, an average value of evaluation scores of five persons was taken as a score of the sensory evaluation of softness of each sample.

A hot-melt was dissolved by using an organic solvent (butyl acetate) for a disposable diaper (manufactured by Kao Corporation, Merries (registered trademark), Merries Pants, M size, <NUM>) to remove the most exterior (non-skin surface side) nonwoven fabric and a film being the leak-proof layer, and the resulting specimen was dried for one day in a draft, and then was used. Softness of each leak-proof layer sample when softness of this most exterior (non-skin surface side) nonwoven fabric was rated as <NUM> points, and softness of the film being the leak-proof layer was rated as <NUM> point was quantified in five scales.

As shown in Table <NUM> described above, the leak-proof layer samples in Examples <NUM> to <NUM> in which the number of fibers of the meltblown layer for the fibers which penetrated into the protective layer was <NUM> fibers/mm or more and the layers had no through-holes were superior in liquid leakage prevention to the leak-proof layer samples in Comparative Example <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> in which the number of fibers of the meltblown layer for the fibers which penetrated into the protective layer was less than <NUM> fibers/mm and the layers had the through-holes. In the same manner, the leak-proof layer samples in Examples <NUM> to <NUM> in which the layers had no through-holes were superior in liquid leakage prevention, even in contrast with the leak-proof layer samples in Comparative Examples <NUM> and <NUM> to <NUM> in which the layers had the through-holes, even if the number of fibers of the meltblown layer for the fibers which penetrated into the protective layer was <NUM> fibers/mm.

In particular, the leak-proof layer samples in Examples <NUM> to <NUM> had significantly higher liquid leakage prevention in contrast with the leak-proof layer samples in Comparative Examples <NUM> to <NUM>. This is because, while the raised region was formed by a hydroentangling method, thereby causing movement of fibers of the meltblown layer by a pressure of the water flow to develop the through-holes of <NUM><NUM> or more in Comparative Examples <NUM> to <NUM>, the raised region was formed by raising treatment, and further the movement of fibers of the meltblown layer was able to be suppressed by heat embossing in Examples <NUM> to <NUM>. Further, this is also because exposure of fibers of the meltblown layer to the top surface on the non-absorbent layer side of the leak-proof layer was able to be prevented in the leak-proof layer samples in Examples <NUM> to <NUM>.

Claim 1:
An absorbent article, comprising a top layer (<NUM>), a leak-proof layer (<NUM>), and an absorbent layer (<NUM>) disposed between the top layer (<NUM>) and the leak-proof layer (<NUM>);
wherein the leak-proof layer (<NUM>) is directly stacked on the absorbent layer (<NUM>),
and the leak-proof layer (<NUM>) comprises a meltblown layer (<NUM>) and a protective layer (<NUM>) of the meltblown layer (<NUM>);
wherein the protective layer (<NUM>) is arranged on a non-absorbent layer side of the meltblown layer (<NUM>);
wherein the leak-proof layer (<NUM>) comprises a raised region (<NUM>) in which the number of fibers of the meltblown layer (<NUM>) for the fibers which penetrate into the protective layer (<NUM>) is <NUM> fibers/mm or more, the number of fibers being measured with a method as described in the description;
wherein an average fiber diameter of fibers of the meltblown layer (<NUM>) is <NUM> or less; and
wherein the raised region (<NUM>) is arranged on a region in which the leak-proof layer (<NUM>) overlaps with the absorbent layer (<NUM>).