Patent Description:
Many conventional loudspeakers produce sound by inducing piston-like motion in a diaphragm. Panel audio loudspeakers, such as distributed mode loudspeakers (DMLs), in contrast, operate by inducing uniformly distributed vibration modes in a panel through an electro-acoustic actuator. Typically, the actuators are piezoelectric or electromagnetic actuators.

DMLs can be implemented in a mobile device such as a mobile phone. However, mobile devices are typically subject to more environmental hazards than other devices. For example, a user of the mobile device may drop the device, causing it to impact a surface. A force caused by the impact can damage the components of the mobile device, including components of the DML.

<CIT> relates to a piezoelectric type deflection oscillation exciter having the oscillation body stuck with a piezoelectric body to a plate-like shim and the case body for storing the oscillating body, a projection part is provided on a side surface of the shim and an engagement part is provided on an inner surface side of the case body at a position corresponding to the projection part. The projection part and the engagement part constitute a stopper mechanism when the excessive deflection oscillation is generated on the oscillation body.

<CIT> discloses an electrodynamic-type exciter comprising a cushion member between a flexure and a frame.

The disclosed DMAs and EM actuators feature improvements that help to mitigate the risk of the actuators being damaged by unwanted vibrations. Specifically, one or more moving components of the actuators include a tab (or tabs) that extend from an edge of the component and engage a vibration damping material when certain unwanted vibrational modes are excited. For other vibrations, particularly those excited during use of the actuator, there is little or no engagement of the vibration damping material. In this way, unwanted modes are heavily damped while normal operation of the actuators is unaffected. In some embodiments, the tabs and damping materials are arranged to reduce vibrations associated with forces experienced by the actuator due to impacts from being dropped.

According to aspects of the present invention, there is provided an actuator for a panel audio loudspeaker, as defined in claim <NUM>, and an actuator for a panel audio loudspeaker, as defined in claim <NUM>. In general, in a first aspect described herein but not explicitly claimed, the disclosure features a panel audio loudspeaker, that includes a panel extending in a plane. The panel audio loudspeaker also includes an actuator attached to the panel and configured to couple vibrations to the panel to cause the panel to emit audio waves. The actuator includes a rigid frame attached to a surface of the panel, the rigid frame including a portion extending perpendicular to the panel surface. The actuator also includes an elongate flexure attached at one end to the portion of the frame extending perpendicular to the panel surface, the flexure extending parallel to the plane. The actuator further includes two or more tabs extending from an edge of the elongate flexure parallel to the plane. The actuator also includes an electromechanical module attached to a portion of the flexure unattached to the frame, the electromechanical module being configured to displace an end of the flexure that is free of the frame in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the panel during operation of the actuator. The actuator further includes a vibration damping material located between each of the two or more tabs and a corresponding feature of the frame or the electromechanical module for receiving the tab. For certain vibrations of the electromechanical module (and/or vibrations of the elongate flexure and/or vibrations of the actuator as a whole), one or more of the tabs engage either the rigid frame or the electromechanical module through the vibration damping material sufficient to damp the vibrations.

Implementations of the panel audio loudspeaker can include one or more of the following features and/or one or more features of other aspects. For example, the vibrations of the electromechanical module (and/or vibrations of the elongate flexure and/or vibrations of the actuator as a whole) damped by engagement of the tabs with either the rigid frame or the electromechanical module include non-operational vibration modes of the actuator. The non-operational modes of the actuator can include modes caused by a force on the actuator having a component parallel to the plane. The non-operational modes of the actuator can include modes caused by dropping the panel audio loudspeaker.

In some implementations, a piece of the vibration damping material is attached to each tab. In other implementations, the vibration damping material is attached to the frame or the electromechanical module. In some implementations, the vibration damping material is a foam.

In some implementations, the two or more tabs are integral with the elongate flexure.

In some implementations, the elongate flexure is formed from a metal or alloy.

In some implementations, the actuator further includes a beam that includes the elongate flexure and the electromechanical module, and the frame includes a stub to which the beam is anchored at one end. The stub can include a slot for receiving an end of the elongate flexure to anchor the beam.

In some implementations, the electromechanical module includes one or more layers of a piezoelectric material supported by the elongate flexure. The elongate flexure can extend from the stub in a first direction parallel to the plane and at least one of the tabs extends from an edge of the elongate flexure in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and parallel to the plane.

According to the invention, at least one of the tabs extends from an end of the elongate flexure opposite the end anchored to the stub.

In some implementations, the actuator includes a magnet and a voice coil forming a magnetic circuit. In some implementations, the electromagnetic module includes the magnet and the voice coil is rigidly attached to the frame. In other implementations, the electromagnetic module includes the voice coil and the magnet is rigidly attached to the frame.

In some implementations, the rigid frame includes a panel extending parallel to the plane and at least one pillar extending perpendicular to the plane and the elongate flexure is attached to the pillar.

In some implementations, the elongate flexure includes a first portion extending parallel to the plane and a second portion extending perpendicular to the plane, the second portion being affixed to the pillar to attach the elongate flexure to the frame. The elongate flexure can include a sheet of a material bent to form the first and second portions and each portion includes a tab extending from an edge of the elongate flexure towards the electromagnetic module. In some embodiments, the elongate flexure is attached to the electromagnetic module at an end opposite an end of the elongate flexure attached to the pillar.

In some implementations, the panel includes a display panel.

A further aspect of the disclosure provides a mobile device comprising a panel audio loudspeaker as described herein. Another aspect of the disclosure provides a wearable device comprising a panel audio loudspeaker as described herein. The panel audio loudspeaker described herein may be included in devices other than mobile or wearable devices.

Among other advantages, when compared to conventional actuators, embodiments include actuators that have a decreased chance of failure caused by unwanted vibrations, e.g., vibrations generated by the actuators being dropped.

Other advantages will be evident from the description, drawings, and claims.

The disclosure features actuators for panel audio loudspeakers, such as distributed mode loudspeakers (DMLs). Such loudspeakers can be integrated into a mobile device, such as a mobile phone. For example, referring to <FIG>, a mobile device <NUM> includes a device chassis <NUM> and a touch panel display <NUM> including a flat panel display (e.g., an OLED or LCD display panel) that integrates a panel audio loudspeaker. Mobile device <NUM> interfaces with a user in a variety of ways, including by displaying images and receiving touch input via touch panel display <NUM>. Typically, a mobile device has a depth of approximately <NUM> or less, a width of <NUM> to <NUM> (e.g., <NUM> to <NUM>), and a height of <NUM> to <NUM> (e.g., <NUM> to <NUM>).

Mobile device <NUM> also produces audio output. The audio output is generated using a panel audio loudspeaker that creates sound by causing the flat panel display to vibrate. The display panel is coupled to an actuator, such as a DMA or EM actuator. The actuator is a movable component arranged to provide a force to a panel, such as touch panel display <NUM>, causing the panel to vibrate. The vibrating panel generates human-audible sound waves, e.g., in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>.

In addition to producing sound output, mobile device <NUM> can also produce haptic output using the actuator. For example, the haptic output can correspond to vibrations in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>.

<FIG> also shows a dashed line that corresponds to the cross-sectional direction shown in <FIG>. Referring to <FIG>, a cross-section of mobile device <NUM> illustrates device chassis <NUM> and touch panel display <NUM>. <FIG> also includes a Cartesian coordinate system with x, y, and z axes, for ease of reference. Device chassis <NUM> has a depth measured along the z-direction and a width measured along the x-direction. Device chassis <NUM> also has a back panel, which is formed by the portion of device chassis <NUM> that extends primarily in the xy-plane. Mobile device <NUM> includes an actuator <NUM>, which is housed behind display <NUM> in chassis <NUM> and affixed to the back side of display <NUM>. Generally, actuator <NUM> is sized to fit within a volume constrained by other components housed in the chassis, including an electronic control module <NUM> and a battery <NUM>.

In general, actuator <NUM> includes a frame that connects the actuator to display panel <NUM> via a plate <NUM>. The frame serves as a scaffold to provide support for other components of actuator <NUM>. Actuator <NUM> can include an electromechanical module that is typically a transducer that transforms electrical signals into a mechanical displacement. At least a portion of the electromechanical module is usually rigidly coupled to a flexure so that when the electromechanical module is energized, the module causes the flexure to vibrate.

Generally, actuator <NUM> is sized to fit within a volume constrained by other components housed in mobile device <NUM>, including electronic control module <NUM> and battery <NUM>. Actuator <NUM> can be one of a variety of different actuator types, such as an electromagnet actuator or a piezoelectric actuator.

Turning now to specific embodiments, in some implementations the actuator is a distributed mode actuator (DMA). For example, <FIG> show different views of a DMA <NUM>, which includes a beam <NUM> attached to a frame <NUM>. <FIG> is a cross-section of DMA <NUM>, while <FIG> is a top-view of DMA <NUM>.

Referring specifically to <FIG>, in DMA <NUM>, beam <NUM> includes a vane <NUM> and piezoelectric stacks 314a and 314b. Vane <NUM> is an elongate member that is attached at one end to frame <NUM>, which is a stub that attaches the vane to plate <NUM>. Beam <NUM> is attached to frame <NUM> at a slot <NUM> into which vane <NUM> is inserted. The height of slot <NUM>, as measured in the z-direction, is approximately equal to the height of vane <NUM>, which can be approximately <NUM> to <NUM>, e.g., <NUM> to <NUM>, such as <NUM> to <NUM>.

Beam <NUM> extends from frame <NUM>, terminating at an unattached end that is free to move in the z-direction. In the examples of <FIG>, piezoelectric stacks 314a and 314b are disposed above and below vane <NUM>, respectively. Each stack 314a and 314b can include one or more piezoelectric layers.

DMA <NUM> also includes tabs 330a, 330b, and 330c, which are formed from vane <NUM>, and shown having a crosshatched pattern. Tabs 330a and 330c extend from a face of vane <NUM> that extends perpendicularly to frame <NUM>, while tab 330b is connected to a face of vane <NUM> that is opposite frame <NUM>.

DMA <NUM> also includes an upper frame 340a and a lower frame 340b. As illustrated, upper frame 340a and lower frame 340b are arranged symmetrically about vane <NUM>, although other arrangements are possible (e.g., asymmetric arrangements). Damping members, 350a, 350b, and 350c, are attached to upper frame 340a at three locations. Each damping member 350a-350c is positioned above a tab. Similarly, lower frame 340b supports three damping members, which are each positioned below a tab. <FIG> shows two damping members 350d and 350e, which are attached to lower frame 340b. Tab 330a is positioned between damping members 350a and 350d, while tab 330b is positioned between damping members 350b and 350e. Damping member 350c is positioned above tab 330c. While not shown in <FIG>, a damping member 350f is positioned below tab 330c, such that the damping member is symmetric to damping member 350c about vane <NUM>.

In general, the damping members can be any viscoelastic material designed to increase the energy lost on impact with the tab. For example, the damping material can be a foam, e.g., a low-stiffness foam such as <NUM> series foam.

When DMA <NUM> is at rest, beam <NUM>, i.e., vane <NUM> and piezoelectric stacks 314a and 314b, remains parallel to the xy-plane. During the operation of DMA <NUM>, piezoelectric stacks 314a and 314b are energized, causing beam <NUM> to vibrate relative to the z-axis. The vibration of beam <NUM> transfers a force to panel <NUM>, causing the panel to vibrate and produce sound waves.

In general, the displacement of beam <NUM> caused by the operation of DMA <NUM> is not so large that tabs 330a-330c engage damping members 350a-350f. Rather, only certain vibrations cause tabs 330a-330c to engage damping members 350a-350f. For example, when DMA <NUM> is implemented in a mobile device, such as mobile device <NUM>, unwanted vibrations generated by the mobile device being dropped may cause beam <NUM> to be sufficiently displaced to cause tabs 330a-330c to engage damping members 350a-350f. The engagement of the tabs allow the force of the unwanted vibrations to be dissipated by the damping members 350a-350f, therefore, preventing beam <NUM> from being damaged by the unwanted vibration.

The placement of tabs 330a-330c and damping members 350a-350f are chosen so as to optimize (e.g., maximize) the dissipation of unwanted vibrations based on the size and shape of DMA <NUM>. In other implementations, the dimensions of a DMA may warrant positions that are different from those of tabs 330a-330c and damping members 350a-350f. For example, in some implementations, a DMA can include tabs and damping members on the sides of the DMA that are positioned closer to either the free end of the DMA or the frame <NUM>.

While other implementations may feature different positions of tabs and corresponding damping members than those of DMA <NUM>, the number of tabs can also be chosen so as to optimize the dissipation of unwanted vibrations. For example, while DMA <NUM> includes three tabs and six damping members, in other implementations, a DMA can include more or less than three tabs and more or less than six damping members.

Other implementations of DMAs can include tabs that are differently shaped than those of DMA <NUM>. For example, while <FIG> show tabs having rectangular profiles, in other implementations, the tabs can be any shape that allows for unwanted vibrations to be effectively dissipated. Accordingly, in other implementations, the shapes of damping members can be chosen so that corresponding tabs engage the damping members in a way that optimally dissipates unwanted vibrations.

In some implementations, a ring structure can replace one or more of the pairs of damping members. For example, instead of having damping members 350b and 350e above and below tab 330b, the damping members can be replaced by a ring of damping material. That is, the damping material would form a circular shape when viewed from the zy-plane. The damping ring can be attached to upper and lower frames 340a and 340b at two points along the damping ring that form a diameter line that splits the damping ring into halves. Among other advantages, a DMA that features a damping ring instead of a pair of damping members can be protected from a wider range of dropping angles. That is, because the damping ring forms a circle in the zy-plane, tab 330b has <NUM> degrees of damping material with which to engage.

Tabs 330a, 330b, and 330c can be formed from the same material as vane <NUM>, e.g., the vane and tabs can be one continuous material that is bent into the shape of the tabs. Vane <NUM> may be formed from any material that can bend in response to the force generated by piezoelectric stacks 314a and 314b. The material that forms vane <NUM> should have an elastic limit such that the vane does not show plastic deformation as a result of the bending that occurs during operation of actuator <NUM>. For example, vane <NUM> can be a single metal or alloy (e.g., iron-nickel, such as NiFe42), a hard plastic, or another appropriate type of material. The materials from which vane <NUM> and piezoelectric stacks 314a and 314b are formed should have a low CTE mismatch.

The one or more piezoelectric layers of piezoelectric stacks 314a and 314b may be any appropriate type of piezoelectric material. For instance, the material may be a ceramic or crystalline piezoelectric material. Examples of ceramic piezoelectric materials include barium titanate, lead zirconium titanate, bismuth ferrite, and sodium niobate, for example. Examples of crystalline piezoelectric materials include topaz, lead titanate, barium neodymium titanate, potassium sodium niobate (KNN), lithium niobate, and lithium tantalite.

While <FIG> show an embodiment of an actuator that includes piezoelectric stacks that displace a vane, more generally, actuator <NUM> includes an electromechanical module that displaces a flexure during the operation of the actuator. A flexure is typically an elongate member that extends in the xy-plane, and when vibrating, is displaced in the z-direction. The flexure is generally attached to the frame at at least one end. The opposite end can be free from the frame, allowing the flexure to move in the z-direction as it vibrates.

While in some implementations, actuator <NUM> is a distributed mode actuator, as shown in <FIG>, in other implementations, the actuator is an electromagnetic (EM) actuator that is attached to panel <NUM>. Like a DMA, an EM actuator transfers mechanical energy, generated as a result of the actuator's movement, to a panel to which the actuator is attached.

<FIG> show an EM actuator <NUM>, which includes a frame <NUM> that acts as a scaffold to provide support for other components of the actuator, including four flexures that are each connected to a different portion of an electromechanical module.

<FIG> is a top view of EM actuator <NUM>, which includes four flexures 410a-410d. Each flexure 410a-410d is connected to the electromechanical module, which includes an inner magnet <NUM> and an outer magnet <NUM>. The material chosen to form inner and outer magnets <NUM> and <NUM> can be a permanent magnet or soft magnetic material such as iron or an iron alloy.

Between outer magnet <NUM> and inner magnet <NUM>, is an air gap <NUM>. Although not shown in <FIG>, EM actuator <NUM> is attached to panel <NUM>.

When viewed in the xy-plane, frame <NUM> has a square profile that surrounds the electromechanical module. The square profile has an inside edge that faces outer magnet <NUM>. Four pillars labeled 422a, 422b, 422c, and 422d are connected to the inside edge of the square portion. Each pillar 422a-422d is C-shaped, to include both a portion that extends perpendicularly to the xy-plane and two portions that extend parallel to the xy-plane. The portions of pillars 422a-422d that extends parallel to the xy-plane are connected to frame <NUM>, while the portions that extend perpendicularly to the xy-plane are connected to the inside edge of frame <NUM>.

Flexures 410a-410d connect frame <NUM> to outer magnet <NUM>. Locations at which flexures 410a-410d connect to outer magnet <NUM> are shown as circles. For example, the flexures can be attached to the pillars using an adhesive, a weld, or other physical bond. In some implementations, the portion of outer magnet <NUM> at which each flexure 410a-410d is connected is recessed such that the flexure is flush with outer magnet <NUM>. In other implementations, the recess is deep enough such that the top surface of each flexure is below the top surface of the outer magnet.

While <FIG> shows a top view of EM actuator <NUM>, <FIG> shows a side view of the actuator. To show certain components of EM actuator <NUM>, a portion of frame <NUM>, is removed in <FIG>. The removed portion of frame <NUM> is enclosed by dashed lines.

While <FIG> shows four flexures, 410a-410d, in addition to these flexures, EM actuator <NUM> also includes flexures 410e-<NUM>. Flexures 410a-410d are attached to a top portion of pillars 422a-422d that extends parallel to the xy-plane, while flexures 410e-<NUM> are attached to a bottom portion of the pillars that also extends parallel to the xy-plane. Flexures 410e-<NUM> are identical in shape to flexures 410a-410d and are positioned such that they are parallel to flexures 410a-410d. In some implementations, the flexures that are parallel to one another (e.g., flexures 410a and 410e, flexures 410b and 410f, and so on) are formed from one continuous component.

<FIG> includes flexure 410f, which is positioned below flexure 410b and attached to pillar 422b. Flexure 410f attaches to a bottom plate <NUM>, which is positioned below and attached to inner and outer magnets <NUM> and <NUM>. While flexures 410a-410d are attached to outer magnet <NUM>, flexures 410e-410f are attached to bottom plate <NUM>. Flexures 410a-<NUM> bend to allow inner magnet <NUM>, outer magnet <NUM>, and bottom plate <NUM> to move in the z-direction.

<FIG> also includes a top plate <NUM>, which forms part of frame <NUM>. Top plate <NUM> is positioned above inner and outer magnets <NUM> and <NUM> and is parallel to bottom plate <NUM>. Top plate <NUM> is omitted from <FIG> so that other components of EM actuator <NUM> can be shown. In some implementations, plate <NUM> forms top plate <NUM>.

An additional view of EM actuator <NUM> is shown in <FIG>, which is a quarter-cut view of EM actuator <NUM>. <FIG> shows flexure 410b as well as portions of inner and outer magnets <NUM> and <NUM>. As mentioned above, between inner and outer magnets <NUM> and <NUM>, is air gap <NUM>. Referring to <FIG>, a voice coil <NUM> is positioned in air gap <NUM> and is attached to top plate <NUM>.

Although in this implementation, EM actuator <NUM> includes eight pillars, each connected to two of flexures 410a-<NUM>, in other implementations, the actuator can include more or less than eight flexures.

During the operation of EM actuator <NUM>, voice coil <NUM> is energized, which induces a magnetic field in air gap <NUM>. Because inner and outer magnets <NUM> and <NUM> have an axial magnetic field, parallel to the z-axis, and are positioned in the induced magnetic field, the magnets experience a force due to the interaction of their magnetic fields with that of voice coil <NUM>. Flexures 410a-<NUM> bend to allow inner and outer magnets <NUM> and <NUM> to move in the z-direction, in response to the force experienced by the magnets.

While <FIG> show specific embodiments of an EM actuator, in general, an EM actuator includes an electromechanical module, which in turn includes a magnet and a voice coil that form a magnetic circuit. The EM actuator also includes one or more flexures that attach the electromechanical module to a frame. The frame includes one or more pillars that extend perpendicularly to panel <NUM>. Each of the one or more flexures is attached to a pillar.

Referring to <FIG>, each flexure includes an outer edge that faces frame <NUM> and an inner edge that faces outer magnet <NUM>. Two tabs extend from the inner edges of each of flexures 410a-<NUM>. In line with each tab, outer magnet <NUM> includes a corresponding feature for receiving each of the tabs. The features, shown as diagonally striped rectangles, are recessions into which each tab can fit. Although not shown in <FIG>, flexures 410e-<NUM> also include tabs that extend from the inner edges of each of the flexures. The positions of the tabs and the corresponding features for receiving each of the tabs are shown in <FIG>. Although <FIG> make reference to flexure 410b, the discussion of flexure 410b extends to the other flexures of EM actuator <NUM>.

<FIG>, is a perspective view of flexure 410b. As described with regard to <FIG>, one end of flexure 410b includes a portion which is connected to outer magnet <NUM>. Flexure 410b also includes two tabs, 412c and 412d, which extend from an edge of the flexure. Referring now to <FIG>, a quarter-cut view of EM actuator <NUM> includes inner magnet <NUM>, outer magnet <NUM>, and air gap <NUM>. Outer magnet <NUM> includes features <NUM> and <NUM>, which are sized and shaped to receive tabs 412c and 412d. Accordingly, the dimensions of tabs 412c and 412d are smaller than those of features <NUM> and <NUM>, so that there is a space between each tab and its corresponding feature. Each feature <NUM> and <NUM> includes damping material, which is shown by diagonal lines.

Referring now to <FIG>, side-views of flexure 410d and outer magnet <NUM> include feature <NUM> in relation to tab 412d. To better show how tab 412d engages feature <NUM>, in <FIG>, the tab is shown as being disconnected from flexure 410b. The damping material of feature <NUM> is shown as diagonal lines.

Referring specifically to <FIG>, tab 412d is disengaged from feature <NUM>. An arrow <NUM> shows a range of displacement in the z-direction of tab 412d during typical operation of EM actuator <NUM>. As indicated by arrow <NUM>, during typical operation of EM actuator <NUM>, tab 412d does not contact the damping material of feature <NUM>.

Referring now to <FIG>, tab 412d is engaged with feature <NUM>. A portion of tab 412d contacts and compresses the damping material of feature <NUM>. In general, the engagement of the tabs and damping materials helps to prevent EM actuator <NUM> from being damaged as a result of unwanted vibrations. For example, <FIG> can correspond to a scenario in which EM actuator <NUM>, or a mobile device that includes EM actuator <NUM>, is dropped. More generally, during the unwanted vibration, at least one of tabs 412a-<NUM> can engage a corresponding recession of outer magnet <NUM>, therefore dissipating the unwanted vibration. While tabs 412a-<NUM> serve to dissipate unwanted vibrations, in general, the tabs are fabricated such that during operation of the actuator, the tabs do not contact their corresponding recessions or the damping material positioned inside the recessions.

In some implementations, the damping material can line at least a portion of the space defined by the recession. In other implementations, the damping material can be disposed on one or more faces of each tab. The damping material can be the same material as that which forms the damping members of <FIG>. In some implementations, the material of inner and outer magnets <NUM> and <NUM> is chosen based on the location of tabs 412a-<NUM>.

In general, the disclosed actuators are controlled by an electronic control module, e.g., electronic control module <NUM> in <FIG> above. In general, electronic control modules are composed of one or more electronic components that receive input from one or more sensors and/or signal receivers of the mobile phone, process the input, and generate and deliver signal waveforms that cause actuator <NUM> to provide a suitable haptic response. Referring to <FIG>, an exemplary electronic control module <NUM> of a mobile device, such as mobile phone <NUM>, includes a processor <NUM>, memory <NUM>, a display driver <NUM>, a signal generator <NUM>, an input/output (I/O) module <NUM>, and a network/communications module <NUM>. These components are in electrical communication with one another (e.g., via a signal bus <NUM>) and with actuator <NUM>.

Processor <NUM> may be implemented as any electronic device capable of processing, receiving, or transmitting data or instructions. For example, processor <NUM> can be a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), or combinations of such devices.

Memory <NUM> has various instructions, computer programs or other data stored thereon. The instructions or computer programs may be configured to perform one or more of the operations or functions described with respect to the mobile device. For example, the instructions may be configured to control or coordinate the operation of the device's display via display driver <NUM>, signal generator <NUM>, one or more components of I/O module <NUM>, one or more communication channels accessible via network/communications module <NUM>, one or more sensors (e.g., biometric sensors, temperature sensors, accelerometers, optical sensors, barometric sensors, moisture sensors and so on), and/or actuator <NUM>.

Signal generator <NUM> is configured to produce AC waveforms of varying amplitudes, frequency, and/or pulse profiles suitable for actuator <NUM> and producing acoustic and/or haptic responses via the actuator. Although depicted as a separate component, in some embodiments, signal generator <NUM> can be part of processor <NUM>. In some embodiments, signal generator <NUM> can include an amplifier, e.g., as an integral or separate component thereof.

Memory <NUM> can store electronic data that can be used by the mobile device. For example, memory <NUM> can store electrical data or content such as, for example, audio and video files, documents and applications, device settings and user preferences, timing and control signals or data for the various modules, data structures or databases, and so on. Memory <NUM> may also store instructions for recreating the various types of waveforms that may be used by signal generator <NUM> to generate signals for actuator <NUM>. Memory <NUM> may be any type of memory such as, for example, random access memory, read-only memory, Flash memory, removable memory, or other types of storage elements, or combinations of such devices.

As briefly discussed above, electronic control module <NUM> may include various input and output components represented in <FIG> as I/O module <NUM>. Although the components of I/O module <NUM> are represented as a single item in <FIG>, the mobile device may include a number of different input components, including buttons, microphones, switches, and dials for accepting user input. In some embodiments, the components of I/O module <NUM> may include one or more touch sensor and/or force sensors. For example, the mobile device's display may include one or more touch sensors and/or one or more force sensors that enable a user to provide input to the mobile device.

Each of the components of I/O module <NUM> may include specialized circuitry for generating signals or data. In some cases, the components may produce or provide feedback for application-specific input that corresponds to a prompt or user interface object presented on the display.

As noted above, network/communications module <NUM> includes one or more communication channels. These communication channels can include one or more wireless interfaces that provide communications between processor <NUM> and an external device or other electronic device. In general, the communication channels may be configured to transmit and receive data and/or signals that may be interpreted by instructions executed on processor <NUM>. In some cases, the external device is part of an external communication network that is configured to exchange data with other devices. Generally, the wireless interface may include, without limitation, radio frequency, optical, acoustic, and/or magnetic signals and may be configured to operate over a wireless interface or protocol. Example wireless interfaces include radio frequency cellular interfaces, fiber optic interfaces, acoustic interfaces, Bluetooth interfaces, Near Field Communication interfaces, infrared interfaces, USB interfaces, Wi-Fi interfaces, TCP/IP interfaces, network communications interfaces, or any conventional communication interfaces.

In some implementations, one or more of the communication channels of network/communications module <NUM> may include a wireless communication channel between the mobile device and another device, such as another mobile phone, tablet, computer, or the like. In some cases, output, audio output, haptic output or visual display elements may be transmitted directly to the other device for output. For example, an audible alert or visual warning may be transmitted from the electronic device <NUM> to a mobile phone for output on that device and vice versa. Similarly, the network/communications module <NUM> may be configured to receive input provided on another device to control the mobile device. For example, an audible alert, visual notification, or haptic alert (or instructions therefore) may be transmitted from the external device to the mobile device for presentation.

Claim 1:
An actuator (<NUM>) for a panel audio loudspeaker, comprising:
a frame (<NUM>, 340a, 340b) comprising:
a plate (<NUM>) extending in a plane; and
a stub extending perpendicular to the plane;
an elongate flexure (<NUM>) attached at a first end to the stub and extending away from the stub in a first direction parallel to the plane;
an electromechanical module (314a, 314b) attached to a portion of the flexure (<NUM>) unattached to the stub, the electromechanical module (314a, 314b) being configured to displace a second end of the flexure (<NUM>) that is free of the stub in a direction perpendicular to the first direction during operation of the actuator (<NUM>);
two or more tabs (330a-330c), wherein at least one of the tabs extends from an edge of the elongate flexure (<NUM>) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and parallel to the plane, and wherein at least one other of the tabs extends from an end of the elongate flexure (<NUM>) opposite the first end; and
a vibration damping material (350a-350f) located between each of the two or more tabs (330a-330c) and a corresponding feature of the frame (<NUM>, 340a, 340b) for receiving the tab,
wherein for certain vibrations of the electromechanical module (314a, 314b), one or more of the tabs (330a-330c) engage the corresponding feature of the frame (<NUM>, 340a, 340b) through the vibration damping material (350a-350f).