Patent Description:
Generally, computing motherboard includes various interfaces to exchange data with various components. Such interfaces include a peripheral component interconnect (PCI), which accepts a peripheral printed circuit board (PCB). The peripheral PCB is generally smaller than the motherboard and may include electronic devices such as, e.g., graphic processor (GPU), hard disk drive (HHD) host adapters, solid state drive (SSD), WiFi and Ethernet hardware, etc. Various standards may be used with a peripheral component interconnect, such as, PCI, PCI-X, AGP, PCIe (PCI express), etc. The commonality of these standards is that they all enable intercommunication between components mounted on the motherboard and components mounted on the peripheral PCB, with different speeds.

With the increase in modern computational requirements, more and more tasks are offloaded from the main CPU to other components, including components mounted on the peripheral PCB. Consequently, the processing power of the peripheral PCB increases, which increase the demand for energy, thus increasing heat dissipation.

With the more diversity of the workload, the computing architecture becomes more and more heterogenous, and it requires the modern hardware be more flexible to be installed or removed, as well as reconfigured in systems.

<CIT> discloses a device assembly including a heat pipe coupled to a heat transfer device, and a thermal interface. The assembly further includes a cold plate rotatably coupled with the heat pipe through a hinge. The thermal interface is coupled with the cold plate through a plane to rotate about the heat pipe together with the cold plate, and the thermal interface includes a material having a thickness and a resiliency configured to make thermal contact with a circuit in a circuit card when the cold plate is rotated over the circuit card.

<CIT> relates to an electronic device and a heat-dissipating module of the electronic device. The electronic device includes a housing, a circuit board, a memory card and a water cooling system. The circuit board is disposed in the housing. The memory card is disposed on the circuit board. The water cooling system is disposed on the memory card. The heat-dissipating module includes a first heat-dissipating plate and a second heat-dissipating plate. The first heat-dissipating plate includes a groove and a protrusion, and the second heat-dissipating plate includes a bending portion engaged in the groove. The bending portion has an inner surface and an outer surface. The bending portion rotates in the groove, allowing the first heat-dissipating plate to rotate corresponding to the second heat-dissipating plate, and keeping the inner surface facing the protrusion.

<CIT> provides a computer memory system that includes at least one DIMM connector having a DIMM socket for releasably receiving a terminal edge of a DIMM. A metallic or otherwise highly heat-conductive base is secured to the DIMM connector. A pair of heat spreaders is secured to the base on opposing sides of the DIMM socket. Each heat spreader includes a DIMM-engagement portion spaced from the base. The heat spreaders are nondestructively moveable between an open position spaced apart for receiving the DIMM between the heat spreaders and a closed position for thermally engaging opposing faces of the DIMM. The heat spreaders provide a continuous thermally-conductive pathway between the DIMM-engagement portion and the base. Heatsink fins extend laterally from the base to provide cooling.

A new design is needed for proper cooling arrangement for the microchips mounted on the peripheral PCB, that is easy to assemble, provide proper cooling to the components, and is reliable. In addition, it is a critical need for developing advanced high performance cooling techniques for managing the thermal conditions for these increasing-power electronics.

According to one aspect, the present invention provides a cooling apparatus as set out in claim.

Embodiments provide a cooling apparatus configured for cooling a peripheral circuit board, including a cooling frame; at least one cooling device mounted onto the cooling frame; a plurality of cooling hoses connected to the cooling device; a hinge attached to one side of the cooling frame; a cushion frame rotatably attached on one side to the hinge; a cushion arrangement attached to the cushion frame; and a locking arrangement configured to lock the cooling frame to the cushion frame in a closed position thereby housing the peripheral circuit board in between the cooling frame and the cushion frame.

In some embodiment, the at least one cooling device includes a liquid cooling plate.

In some embodiment, the cooling apparatus further includes an insulation layer provided over the cushion arrangement.

In some embodiment, the cooling apparatus further includes a resilient mounting arrangement mounting the cooling device to the cooling frame; preferably, the resilient mounting arrangement includes a spring arrangement.

In some embodiment, the cushion arrangement includes one of foam, interconnected springs, or stamped resilient plate; preferably, the cooling apparatus further includes a contacting layer provided over the cushion arrangement.

In some embodiment, the cooling apparatus further includes an extension frame attached to the cooling frame and housing the plurality of cooling hoses; preferably, further includes at least one anchor positioned within the extension frame and configured to hold the plurality of cooling hoses.

Embodiments further provide a peripheral system having a liquid-cooled peripheral circuit board, and including: a peripheral circuit board having a peripheral interface connector and at least one microchip to be actively cooled; a housing encapsulating the peripheral circuit board, the housing having an opening accommodating extending the peripheral interface connector outside of the housing, the housing including: a cooling frame and a cushion frame attached to the cooling frame by a hinge; a locking mechanism to lock the cooling frame and the cushion frame in an abating orientation; at least one cooling device mounted onto the cooling frame; a plurality of cooling hoses connected to the cooling device; a cushion arrangement attached to the cushion frame and exerting pressure on the peripheral circuit board.

In some embodiment, the cooling frame incorporates air passages.

In some embodiment, the peripheral system further includes electrical insulation provided between the peripheral circuit board and the cushion arrangement.

In some embodiment, the peripheral system further includes extension frame housing the cooling hoses.

In some embodiment, the extension frame includes at least one anchor for attaching the cooling hoses.

In some embodiment, the anchor is movable within the extension frame.

In some embodiment, the extension frame is removable from the cooling frame, and wherein the cooling hoses includes a first set of hoses attached to the cooling device and a second set of hoses positioned inside the extension frame, and wherein the first set of hoses and the second set of hoses further include mutual connectors configured for attaching the first set of hoses to the second set of hoses, and wherein the second set of hoses further includes supply connectors configured for connecting the second set of hoses to a liquid supply system; preferably, the peripheral system further includes at least one clip positioned inside the extension frame and securing the second set of hoses within the extension frame.

In some embodiment, the cushion arrangement includes one of foam, interconnected springs, or stamped resilient plate; or the peripheral system further includes a resilient mechanism resiliently attaching the cooling device to the cooling frame.

In some embodiment, the extension frame includes a first hose outlet port on one side and a second outlet port on a second side, opposite the first side.

The following detailed description provides examples that highlight certain features and aspects of the innovative cooling design claimed herein. Different embodiments or their combinations may be used for different applications or to achieve different results or benefits. Depending on the outcome sought to be achieved, different features disclosed herein may be utilized partially or to their fullest, alone or in combination with other features, balancing advantages with requirements and constraints. Therefore, certain benefits will be highlighted with reference to different embodiments, but are not limited to the disclosed embodiments. That is, the features disclosed herein are not limited to the embodiment within which they are described, but may be "mixed and matched" with other features and incorporated in other embodiments.

The current disclosure introduces liquid cooling solutions for the electronic components of peripheral PCBs, such as graphic processors used for intensive compute applications, e.g., artificial intelligence applications and high performance computing applications. Modern peripheral PCB use PCIe connectors for system integration to the motherboard. Such devices use completely different form factors and system integrations, and the cooling system needs to be independent from the cooling applied at the motherboard level. The power of the peripheral devices is constantly increasing to enable better compute performance. Consequently, the corresponding thermal challenges are increasing, especially with increase in packaging density due to the constant increasing power density of the IC and dies. Therefore, proper liquid cooling is important for solving the thermal management of these peripheral devices. However, providing liquid cooling for such peripheral devices presents difficult challenge to design, since it needs to be accommodated within the surrounding systems. In addition, as these are peripheral devices they are naturally required to have high compatibility to different systems' thermal design. Also, the hardware design and implementation for peripheral board cooling are different from the mezzanine based devices.

Disclosed embodiments provide hardware architectures for cooling peripheral devices mounted onto a peripheral PCB. Disclosed embodiments provide robust and reliable cooling solutions, including for systems having multiple peripheral devices. The design includes cooling solutions for the individual peripheral PCBs and full system liquid distribution design. The solution may be easily adaptable to different designs and use cases, and introduces feature that enhance interoperability for different peripheral boards as well as different system hardware environments.

Current technologies rely mainly on air cooling of the peripheral devices. Conversely, disclosed embodiments anticipate the need for enhanced heat removal from peripheral devices and provide architectures for liquid cooling of peripheral devices. The hardware solution incorporates liquid cooling for a single peripheral board or for systems having multiple peripheral boards. Notably, the liquid cooling design for such peripheral devices need to be easy to install, replace, or reconfigure, and should be adaptable to different existing liquid cooling hardware design within the system. Clearly the cooling apparatus should not adversely impacting the performance features of the peripheral devices.

Disclosed embodiments include design of cooling apparatus which includes two frames rotatably attached to a hinge at one side, akin to cover of a book, thus forming an enclosure housing the peripheral board. Prior to assembly the apparatus is in the "open book" position and during assembly the two frames are rotated to a "close book" position, thereby forming a housing enclosing the peripheral board therein - just like the pages of the book are enclosed within the closed cover. As will be explained in more details below, the housing formed by the two frames includes an opening enabling the interface connector of the peripheral board to extend from the opening and mate with the interface socket on the motherboard. In this sense, the peripheral PCB is encapsulated by the cooling apparatus, except for the interface connector extending beyond the cooling apparatus.

A feature of the design is that in addition to providing cooling, it provides physical protection for the peripheral board. In disclosed embodiments, in addition to the cooling function the apparatus enhances the rigidity of the peripheral board, thus enhancing reliability and preventing damage during transport or in harsh vibration environment.

<FIG> illustrates an embodiment of a peripheral board cooling apparatus <NUM> with the two frames <NUM> and <NUM> in the open position and without the peripheral board. In this embodiment the cooling devices or units <NUM>, such as cold plates, cooling rails, etc., are mounted on the cooling frame <NUM> and connected to cooling hoses <NUM>. The cooling hoses <NUM> have connectors <NUM> at their ends to connect to a cooling liquid delivery system, which may be any standard liquid cooling delivery system, or may include the liquid cooling system of the motherboard.

The cushion frame <NUM> has a cushion <NUM> attached inside, so as to slightly press on the peripheral board when the cooling apparatus is installed on the peripheral board. The cushion <NUM> may be formed in various forms, but it should have a resilient quality to it so as to apply the required pressure on the peripheral board to ensure good thermal contact of the peripheral devices with the cooling units <NUM> and add to the rigidity of the assembly. In one example the cushion may be made out of foam, or other flexible structures which provide an averaging pressure and protection on the electronics together with the cooling frame <NUM>. This is exemplified in the solid-line callout. According to another embodiment, illustrated in the dashed-line callout, the cushion is formed by assembling a plurality of springs <NUM> as an interconnected spring plate or network, such as, e.g., in a spring mattress. According to a further embodiment, shown in the dotted-line callout, the cushion is formed by stamping a metal plate to form therein a plurality of resilient protrusions <NUM>. In some embodiments the cushion <NUM> is coated with an electrically insulating coating.

Another feature illustrated in <FIG>, and which may be implemented in any of the other embodiments, is the provision of a resilient mount <NUM> for the cooling unit <NUM>. In this manner, the cooling unit <NUM> is not fixedly attached to the frame <NUM>, but is rather resiliently attached to the frame <NUM>, thus allowing it to move slightly to adjust its position to variations in the position of different peripheral components in different peripheral boards. This feature is used for ease of assembly since the design deviation may impact the electronic components on the peripheral board such that it does not perfectly match with the locations of the cooling unit. The disclosed resilient mount structure makes it easier to have a better alignment between the cooling unit and electronic device during the assembly. The resilient mounting assembly may be formed similar to any of the cushions <NUM>, or may incorporate spring elements attached directly to the cooling unit <NUM>, as illustrated in the dash-dot callout. Note, however, that the resilient mount <NUM> may also impart resilient motion in the direction in and out of the page, i.e., towards and away from the peripheral device to which it contacts, thus accommodating thickness variation of different peripheral devices.

Once the cooling apparatus <NUM> is folded over a peripheral board, it is secured in the folded position using fasteners <NUM> attached to complementary fasteners <NUM>, thereby forming an enclosure or a housing. Fasteners <NUM> and <NUM> are only provided as one example, but any means of securing the cooling apparatus <NUM> in its folded position are acceptable. In an embodiment, the selected fasteners parts are attached to the frame as indicated by elements <NUM> and <NUM> for ease of assembly, so that no additional screws or fastening parts are needed or need to be added separately.

<FIG> is a side view of the cooling apparatus <NUM> of <FIG> in a folded position, housing a peripheral board <NUM>. In the illustrated example the peripheral board <NUM> includes an interface connector <NUM>, such as a PCIe connector, and has two peripheral devices <NUM> and <NUM> (e.g., GPU, ASCI, CPU microchips, chiplets etc.) mounted thereupon. Generally there may be more microchips and circuit elements mounted onto the peripheral board <NUM>; however, since they do not require active cooling they are not shown in the drawings. The two frames <NUM> and <NUM> are folded by rotation about hinge <NUM> so as to encapsulate the peripheral board <NUM>, and are then locked to each other using the matching connectors <NUM> and <NUM>, or any other suitable locking mechanism. As shown, the cooling frame is positioned over the peripheral device or front-side of the peripheral board <NUM>, while the cushion frame is positioned over the backside of the peripheral board <NUM>. In the mounted and closed position, the cooling devices <NUM> contact the peripheral devices <NUM>, <NUM>, so as to remove heat therefrom.

The cushion <NUM> helps ensure proper contact between the cooling devices <NUM> and the peripheral devices <NUM>, <NUM>, and provide enhanced rigidity to the entire assembly thus protecting the electronic devices. Incidentally, some heat generated by the peripheral devices propagates to the backside of the peripheral board and the cushion may act as a heat sink to remove this heat. <FIG> also illustrates an optional contact layer <NUM> between the cushion <NUM> and the backside of the peripheral board <NUM>. The contact layer <NUM> may be an insulating coating provided directly on the cushion <NUM> or a separate sheet made of an electrically insulating material to prevent any shorts that may be caused by the cushion, in cases where the cushion is made of an electrically conductive material. In certain embodiments it may not be appropriate to have the cushion directly in contact with the backside of the peripheral board and in such cases the optional contact layer <NUM> is provided as an intervening element. When the contact layer <NUM> is made of an insulating material, it may also be referred to as an insulating layer.

<FIG> illustrates an embodiment similar to that of <FIG>, except that perforations or openings <NUM> are provided along the sides of the frame <NUM>. These perforations or openings <NUM> are provided to enable air flow through the assembled cooling device and peripheral board, thus providing further heat removal capability, as an example, for other low power density auxiliary components. The openings <NUM> also provide improved access to the hoses <NUM> for easier assembly, inspection and service.

<FIG> is a bottom side view of the cooling apparatus. As illustrated, the interface connector <NUM> protrudes through a top opening in the cooling apparatus. <FIG> is a general schematic showing the two frames in the closed position without the cooling elements or the peripheral board to better illustrate the air flow openings <NUM> and the top opening <NUM> for the peripheral connector. The dash-line arrows illustrate air flow to assist in cooling. The hinge <NUM> is shown at the bottom of the assembly. In this respect, the reference to top and bottom are relative, as the assembly may be installed onto a motherboard in any desired orientation.

<FIG> illustrates another embodiment that incorporates hose management assembly. In <FIG> a hose extension frame <NUM> may be added to the cooling system over the cooling frame <NUM>. The hose extension frame <NUM> is used for additional cooling liquid hoses which may be needed in actual use. According to this embodiment the hoses are stored within the hose extension frame <NUM> before they are connected to deliver cooling liquid. Inside the hose extension frame <NUM> one or more hose anchors <NUM> may be provided, three are shown in <FIG>. Alternatively, rather multiple anchors, a single sliding anchor may be provided, such that the anchor point may be movable or slidable inside the hose extension frame. The anchors may be, for example, clips or posts that assist in arranging the hoses within the frame.

As noted, these anchors may be used to manage the hoses. For example, as illustrated in <FIG>, when the hoses are attached on the anchor position indicated as #<NUM>, the hoses are fully stored within the frame, e.g., during shipment. Conversely, as illustrated in <FIG>, when the hoses are attached to the anchor position shown as #<NUM>, the fluid hoses are extended and may be connected to liquid delivery ports. Similarly, if the cooling hoses need to be longer to reach other system integration or connection requirement, then anchor point #<NUM> can be used.

In <FIG> three anchors are illustrated, however, different number of anchors may be used and, rather than using several anchors a single anchor <NUM> may be provided such that it is slidable to, for example, assume the positions indicated by the three anchors in <FIG>. Thus, for transport the single anchor may be secured at position #<NUM>, while during deployment it may be secured at positions indicated as #<NUM> or #<NUM>. Moreover, the direction of the outlet for the cooling hoses may be reversible, such that the hoses exit the extension frame at the opposite side as illustrated by dashed-line hoses <NUM>' in <FIG>. This is also illustrated in <FIG>, wherein the hoses may exit either side of the cooling frame, so that on one side the hoses are indicated as <NUM>, while on the opposite side they are indicated as <NUM>'. The ability to flip the exit port of the cooling hoses enables to accommodate different server chassis or different serial/parallel connection of cooling devices.

<FIG> illustrates an example wherein the hose extension frame <NUM> is detachable from the cooling frame <NUM>. This provides vast flexibility in deploying the cooling apparatus in different integration arrangements, such that the hose extension frame may or may not be used, as needed by the particular integration scheme. When the hose extension frame <NUM> is used, the hoses <NUM> are connected to the cooling device using a first set of connectors <NUM> and <NUM>, and are connected to liquid supply via a second set of connectors <NUM>. In this embodiment, the cooling hoses include a first set of houses that are attached to the cooling devices in the cooling frame and a second set of hoses housed within the extension frame. Cooling device connectors <NUM> and <NUM> may be standardized for all applications and connects the first set of hoses to the second set of hoses, while liquid supply connectors <NUM> of the second set of hoses may be interchangeable to fit the particular connectors used in each particular integration scheme.

<FIG> illustrates an example of a peripheral board <NUM> mounted onto a motherboard <NUM> and is enclosed within the cooling apparatus <NUM>, according to an embodiment. As illustrated, a peripheral interface socket <NUM> is provided on the motherboard <NUM>. Generally, several such peripheral interface sockets <NUM> would be provided, as illustrated in <FIG>. In this respect, the reference herein to motherboard is intended to cover a variety of system boards that host one or more peripheral boards via an interface socket. The peripheral board <NUM> is mounted onto the motherboard <NUM> by inserting the interface connector <NUM> into the peripheral interface socket <NUM>. Optionally, additional mechanical interface <NUM> may be added to affix the cooling apparatus <NUM> to the motherboard <NUM>, as illustrated in dash-line.

<FIG> illustrates an example wherein several peripheral boards are attached to the motherboard board <NUM>. As shown some of the cooling devices are connected serially with the cooling hoses <NUM>, while other connections are in parallel or connected to a manifold <NUM>. The ability to connect the cooling hoses in different orientation is facilitated by the ability to flip the exit port of the hoses from the cooling frame or the extension frame. Since either side of either frame may be used for hose ports, a port on one side can be used to connect a cooling apparatus to a neighboring cooling apparatus in a serial manner, while the port on the opposite side can be used to connect the cooling apparatus to, e.g., an distribution manifold.

With the above disclosure, a cooling apparatus for a peripheral circuit board is provided, the apparatus comprising a cooling frame and a cushion frame attached to each other by a hinge on one side thereof, the cooling frame having a cooling device mounted thereupon and cooling hoses connected to the cooling devices; the cushion frame having a cushion arrangement configured to exert pressure on the peripheral circuit when assembled; a locking arrangement operable to hold the cooling frame and cushion frame in a closed position wherein the cooling frame and cushion frame define an opening designed to enable a peripheral interface connector to extend there-through. In the closed position the cooling frame contacts the cushion frame and define a housing space to house the peripheral board therein.

Claim 1:
A cooling apparatus (<NUM>) configured for cooling a peripheral circuit board (<NUM>), comprising:
a cooling frame (<NUM>);
at least one cooling device (<NUM>) mounted onto the cooling frame (<NUM>);
a plurality of cooling hoses (<NUM>) connected to the at least one cooling device (<NUM>);
a hinge (<NUM>) attached to one side of the cooling frame (<NUM>);
a cushion frame (<NUM>) rotatably attached on one side to the hinge (<NUM>);
a cushion arrangement attached to the cushion frame (<NUM>); and,
a locking arrangement configured to lock the cooling frame (<NUM>) to the cushion frame (<NUM>) in a closed position thereby housing the peripheral circuit board (<NUM>) in between the cooling frame (<NUM>) and the cushion frame (<NUM>).