Patent Description:
Merely exemplary versions of trocars, components thereof, and other varieties of surgical access devices are disclosed in <CIT>; <CIT>; <CIT>; <CIT>; <CIT>; <CIT>; <CIT>; and <CIT>.

<CIT> describes a cannula stabilization device including a collar removably securable about a longitudinal axis of a cannula. The collar includes a locking mechanism adapted to secure the collar about the cannula.

While various kinds of surgical instruments, including surgical access devices and end effectors, and other associated components have been made and used, it is believed that no one prior to the inventor(s) has made or used the invention described in the appended claims.

Claim <NUM> defines the invention and dependent claims disclose embodiments. Surgical methods are not recited in the appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments, and, together with the general description of the invention given above, and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the present invention.

For clarity of disclosure, the terms "proximal" and "distal" are defined herein relative to a surgeon, or other operator, grasping a surgical device. The term "proximal" refers to the position of an element arranged closer to the surgeon, and the term "distal" refers to the position of an element arranged further away from the surgeon. Moreover, to the extent that spatial terms such as "top," "bottom," "upper," "lower," "vertical," "horizontal," or the like are used herein with reference to the drawings, it will be appreciated that such terms are used for exemplary description purposes only and are not intended to be limiting or absolute. In that regard, it will be understood that surgical instruments such as those disclosed herein may be used in a variety of orientations and positions not limited to those shown and described herein.

Furthermore, the terms "about," "approximately," and the like as used herein in connection with any numerical values or ranges of values are intended to encompass the exact value(s) referenced as well as a suitable tolerance that enables the referenced feature or combination of features to function for the intended purpose(s) described herein.

<FIG> depict exemplary surgical access devices in the form of a single-use first trocar (<NUM>) and a reusable second trocar (<NUM>), each configured to provide surgical site access in a laparoscopic surgical procedure. Each trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>) includes a cannula assembly (<NUM>, <NUM>) having a working channel (<NUM>, <NUM>), and an obturator (<NUM>, <NUM>) configured to be removably inserted coaxially into the working channel (<NUM>, <NUM>) so that the assembled trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>) may be directed distally through the abdominal wall of a patient and into the abdominal cavity, for example as described below in connection with <FIG>.

As shown in <FIG>, cannula assembly (<NUM>) of single-use trocar (<NUM>) includes a cannula (<NUM>) and a seal housing (<NUM>). Cannula (<NUM>) and seal housing (<NUM>) cooperate to define working channel (<NUM>), which extends longitudinally along a central axis (A) of trocar (<NUM>). In particular, working channel (<NUM>) is defined by a lumen of cannula (<NUM>) in communication with a hollow interior of seal housing (<NUM>). Cannula assembly (<NUM>) is configured to receive elongate surgical instruments distally through working channel (<NUM>) to provide access to surgical sites within the abdominal cavity of a patient. As described in greater detail below, seal housing (<NUM>) houses a pair of seal structures defining a seal assembly configured to maintain insufflation of the patient's abdominal cavity while permitting passage of surgical instruments and tissue fragments along working channel (<NUM>).

Cannula (<NUM>) of the present version may include a bell-shaped hub (not shown) at a proximal end thereof, and an elongate cylindrical tube (<NUM>) extending distally from the hub and terminating at an angled cannula tip (<NUM>). An outer surface of cannula tube (<NUM>) includes a plurality of tissue gripping features in the form of annular ribs (<NUM>) arranged axially along a medial portion of cannula tube (<NUM>). Ribs (<NUM>) are configured to grip the layers of abdominal wall tissue through which cannula (<NUM>) is inserted, and thereby assist in stabilizing cannula (<NUM>) in axial and radial directions while cannula (<NUM>) is positioned within the opening formed in the abdominal wall of a patient.

More specifically, tissue gripping ribs (<NUM>) of the present example are formed as annular scallops in the sidewall of cannula tube (<NUM>) such that each rib (<NUM>) tapers radially inwardly in a distal direction from a radially outermost edge of the rib (<NUM>). The radially outermost edges of ribs (<NUM>) are thus generally flush with the non-ribbed proximal and distal portions of cannula tube (<NUM>). The resulting configuration of ribs (<NUM>) promotes advancement of cannula tube (<NUM>) through tissue layers in a distal direction and resists retraction of cannula tube (<NUM>) through the tissue layers in a reverse, proximal direction. Advantageously, this configuration protects against unintended withdrawal of cannula tube (<NUM>) from the abdominal wall of patient during a surgical procedure. It will be appreciated, however, that cannula tube (<NUM>) may be provided with various other types of tissue gripping features in other versions of trocar (<NUM>). For instance, cannula tube (<NUM>) may include a tissue gripping feature in the form of one or more helical ribs that extend around at least a medial portion of cannula tube (<NUM>), and which may be scalloped similar to ribs (<NUM>).

Seal housing (<NUM>) of cannula assembly (<NUM>) includes a proximal housing portion (<NUM>) and a distal housing portion (<NUM>) to which proximal housing portion (<NUM>) is removably attached. Proximal housing portion (<NUM>) includes a proximal head (<NUM>) and a distal base (<NUM>) secured together. Distal housing portion (<NUM>) includes a distal shroud (<NUM>) that encircles the proximal hub (not shown) of cannula (<NUM>), a cap plate (<NUM>) secured to a proximal end of distal shroud (<NUM>), and a latch ring (<NUM>) rotatably disposed therebetween and having a radially outwardly projecting tab (<NUM>). Latch ring (<NUM>) is selectively rotatable via tab (<NUM>) about the central axis (A) of trocar (<NUM>) between a locked position and an unlocked position. In the locked position, latch ring (<NUM>) locks proximal housing portion (<NUM>) to distal housing portion (<NUM>). In the unlocked position, latch ring (<NUM>) permits separation of proximal housing portion (<NUM>) from distal housing portion (<NUM>), for example to directly access a distal seal structure (not shown) housed within distal housing portion (<NUM>). In some versions, distal shroud (<NUM>) may be formed integrally with the proximal end of cannula tube (<NUM>) such that distal shroud (<NUM>) is a component of cannula (<NUM>).

Though not shown, proximal housing portion (<NUM>) houses a proximal (or "outer") seal structure, and distal housing portion (<NUM>) houses a distal (or "inner") seal structure, both arranged along the central axis (A) of trocar (<NUM>). The proximal and distal seal structures cooperate to define a seal assembly that maintains insufflation of the patient's abdominal cavity during a surgical procedure while permitting passage of surgical instruments and tissue fragments along working channel (<NUM>). For instance, the proximal seal structure may include an annular seal member configured to sealingly engage the shaft of a laparoscopic surgical instrument directed through working channel (<NUM>). The distal seal structure may include a duckbill seal member configured to maintain working channel (<NUM>) in a sealed stated in the absence of a surgical instrument shaft.

Cannula assembly (<NUM>) further includes an insufflation port (<NUM>) operatively coupled with the proximal end of cannula (<NUM>) and having an adjustable valve in the form of a stopcock (<NUM>). Insufflation port (<NUM>) is configured to direct insufflation fluid, such as carbon dioxide, from a fluid source (not shown) distally through working channel (<NUM>) and into the patient's abdominal cavity to thereby expand (or "insufflate") the cavity with the fluid. This expansion of the abdominal cavity creates additional space for performing a laparoscopic surgical procedure with improved ease.

As shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, obturator (<NUM>) of trocar (<NUM>) includes a proximal head (<NUM>), an elongate cylindrical shaft (<NUM>) extending distally from head (<NUM>), and a tapered distal tip (<NUM>). Obturator shaft (<NUM>) is configured to be received within working channel (<NUM>) of cannula assembly (<NUM>) such that obturator tip (<NUM>) extends through and distally of cannula tip (<NUM>). Obturator head (<NUM>) includes a domed upper body (<NUM>), a base plate (<NUM>), and an actuatable latch member (<NUM>), which includes a pair of latch arms (<NUM>) and a corresponding pair of latch buttons (<NUM>). Latch arms (<NUM>) are configured to be captured within respective slots (not shown) formed in a top surface of seal housing head (<NUM>) to couple obturator (<NUM>) with cannula assembly (<NUM>). Latch buttons (<NUM>) are actuatable to release latch arms (<NUM>) from the slots and thereby permit separation of obturator (<NUM>) from cannula assembly (<NUM>). Obturator (<NUM>) further includes a central passage (<NUM>) that extends longitudinally through obturator head (<NUM>) and obturator shaft (<NUM>), and is configured to receive an endoscope (not shown) therein to provide visualization during insertion of trocar (<NUM>) through the abdominal wall of a patient. A clamp lever (<NUM>) of obturator head (<NUM>) is pivotable to selectively fix the endoscope within central passage (<NUM>). Central passage (<NUM>) and clamp lever (<NUM>) are merely optional features and may be omitted from obturator (<NUM>) in other versions.

Cannula assembly (<NUM>) and obturator (<NUM>) may be constructed to be disposed of after a single use with a patient. In other versions, one or more components of trocar (<NUM>) may be suitably constructed to withstand sterilization and multiple reuses, for example as described in greater detail below in connection with trocar (<NUM>) of <FIG>.

<FIG> illustrate an exemplary method of accessing an abdominal cavity (<NUM>) of a patient through the patient's abdominal wall (<NUM>) with trocar (<NUM>) described above. It will be appreciated that abdominal wall (<NUM>) includes outward superficial layers and inward deep layers. Superficial layers generally include an outer layer of skin (<NUM>) and an inner layer of fat (<NUM>); whereas the deeper layers include alternating layers of muscle (<NUM>) and fascia (<NUM>), which are fibrous and flexible with relatively higher tensile strength than the superficial layers.

As shown in <FIG>, with obturator (<NUM>) received within cannula assembly (<NUM>) and connected to seal housing (<NUM>), a clinician manipulates trocar (<NUM>) via obturator head (<NUM>) and seal housing (<NUM>) to urge obturator tip (<NUM>) against skin (<NUM>) and inward toward abdominal cavity (<NUM>) while rotating trocar (<NUM>) back and forth. Continued inward urging of trocar (<NUM>) further directs obturator tip (<NUM>) and cannula tip (<NUM>) distally through the layers of fat (<NUM>) and fascia (<NUM>) and into cavity (<NUM>), as shown in <FIG>. As discussed above, this step may be facilitated with visualization provided by an endoscope (not shown) mounted within obturator (<NUM>). Once cannula (<NUM>) has reached a desired depth of insertion into cavity (<NUM>), the clinician releases obturator head (<NUM>) from seal housing (<NUM>) via depression of latch buttons (<NUM>), and then withdraws obturator (<NUM>) from proximally from cannula assembly (<NUM>), as shown in <FIG>. This renders working channel (<NUM>) of cannula assembly (<NUM>) free to receive surgical instruments distally therethrough for performing the laparoscopic surgical procedure. As described above, tissue engagement ribs (<NUM>) provided on cannula tube (<NUM>) grip the layers of tissue (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of abdominal wall (<NUM>), thus providing cannula assembly (<NUM>) with at least a minimum degree of stability relative to abdominal wall (<NUM>). Upon completion of the laparoscopic surgical procedure, the clinician grasps seal housing (<NUM>) and withdraws cannula assembly (<NUM>) proximally from abdominal wall (<NUM>), as shown in <FIG>.

In some instances, it may be desirable to configure a trocar such that one or more components thereof may be sterilized and reused for multiple surgical procedures, while one or more other components may be easily and economically disposed of and replaced after each procedure. <FIG> show another exemplary trocar (<NUM>) that is configured in such a manner, and which is similar in structure and function to trocar (<NUM>) described above except as otherwise described below.

Similar to trocar (<NUM>), trocar (<NUM>) includes a cannula assembly (<NUM>) having a working channel (<NUM>) and an obturator (<NUM>) configured to be inserted into cannula assembly (<NUM>) coaxially along working channel (<NUM>). Cannula assembly (<NUM>) includes a cannula (<NUM>) having a bell-shaped hub (<NUM>) at a proximal end thereof, and an elongate cylindrical tube (<NUM>) extending distally from hub (<NUM>) and terminating at an angled cannula tip (<NUM>). An outer surface of cannula tube (<NUM>) includes a plurality of tissue gripping features in the form of annular ribs (<NUM>) arranged axially along a medial portion of cannula tube (<NUM>) and which are similar to ribs (<NUM>) described above.

Cannula assembly (<NUM>) further includes a seal assembly (<NUM>). Unlike the seal assembly defined by seal housing (<NUM>) of trocar (<NUM>), seal assembly (<NUM>) is constructed as a modular, replaceable unit configured to releasably mate with proximal hub (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). As shown best in <FIG>, seal assembly (<NUM>) of the present example generally includes an upper frame member (<NUM>), a middle frame member (<NUM>), and a lower frame member (<NUM>) secured relative to one another in a coaxial arrangement. Though not shown, a proximal (or "outer") seal structure is supported within upper frame member (<NUM>), and a distal (or "inner") seal structure is supported within lower frame member (<NUM>). Such seal structures may be similar in structure and function to the proximal and distal seal structures of trocar (<NUM>) described above. Seal assembly (<NUM>) further includes an insufflation port (<NUM>) having an adjustable valve in the form of a stopcock (<NUM>).

A lower portion of seal assembly (<NUM>) distal to insufflation port (<NUM>) is configured to seat within proximal hub (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) such than an annular seal member (<NUM>) disposed circumferentially about the lower portion sealingly engages an inner surface of cannula hub (<NUM>). In this manner, an interior of seal assembly (<NUM>) fluidly communicates with an opening of cannula (<NUM>) to define a working channel (<NUM>) of cannula assembly (<NUM>) through which insufflation fluid, surgical instruments, and tissue fragments may be directed in the manners generally described above in connection with trocar (<NUM>). Seal assembly (<NUM>) may be further configured in accordance with one or more teachings of <CIT>; and/or <CIT>.

As shown best in <FIG>, obturator (<NUM>) of trocar (<NUM>) includes a proximal head (<NUM>), an elongate cylindrical shaft (<NUM>) extending distally from head (<NUM>), and a tapered tip (<NUM>) at a distal end of shaft (<NUM>). Obturator head (<NUM>) includes a domed upper body (<NUM>), a base plate (<NUM>), and an actuatable latch member (<NUM>), which includes a pair of downwardly extending latch arms (<NUM>) and a corresponding pair of latch buttons (<NUM>). Latch arms (<NUM>) are configured to be captured within respective slots (<NUM>) formed in a top surface of upper frame member (<NUM>) of seal assembly (<NUM>) to couple obturator (<NUM>) with cannula assembly (<NUM>). Latch buttons (<NUM>) are actuatable to release latch arms (<NUM>) from slots (<NUM>) and thereby permit separation of obturator (<NUM>) from cannula assembly (<NUM>).

Cannula (<NUM>) and obturator (<NUM>) of the present example are suitably constructed of a robust material, such as surgical steel, such that they may be sterilized and reused for multiple surgical procedures. In contrast, as described above, seal assembly (<NUM>) is constructed as a disposable unit, intended to be separated from cannula (<NUM>) and replaced after each procedure. For instance, seal assembly (<NUM>) may be constructed of various polymeric materials, including plastics and rubbers, such that seal assembly (<NUM>) may be easily manufactured and sold at a price point that renders seal assembly (<NUM>) suitable for disposal after a single use, similar to trocar (<NUM>) described above.

In some instances, a clinician may desire to limit the depth to which a single-use or reusable trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>) may travel into abdominal wall (<NUM>) (e.g., after insertion of trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>) to a desired position). Limiting the depth to which trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>) may travel into abdominal wall (<NUM>) may assist in preventing distal tip (<NUM>, <NUM>) of obturator (<NUM>, <NUM>) and/or cannula tip (<NUM>, <NUM>) of cannula assembly (<NUM>, <NUM>) from inadvertently entering deeper than desired into abdominal cavity (<NUM>). Preventing over insertion of trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>) may reduce undesirable contact of distal tip (<NUM>, <NUM>) and/or cannula tip (<NUM>, <NUM>) with anatomical structures contained within abdominal cavity (<NUM>).

Alternatively or in addition to limiting the depth to which single-use or reusable trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>) may travel into abdominal wall (<NUM>), the clinician may desire to stabilize trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>) relative to abdominal wall (<NUM>) (e.g., after insertion of trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>) to a desired position in abdominal cavity (<NUM>)). The clinician may stabilize trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>) relative to abdominal wall (<NUM>) by avoiding under insertion of trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>). Stabilizing trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>) relative to abdominal wall (<NUM>) after insertion into abdominal wall (<NUM>) may assist in preventing trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>) from inadvertently pivoting about the insertion point in abdominal wall (<NUM>) after the clinician releases trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>). Stabilizing trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>) maintains cannula tip (<NUM>, <NUM>), and thus, the entry point of surgical instruments into abdominal cavity (<NUM>)) in a desired position and/or orientation relative to abdominal cavity (<NUM>).

As described above with reference to <FIG>, obturators (<NUM>, <NUM>) are configured to be removably coupled with cannulas (<NUM>, <NUM>) along a central axis (shown as trocar central axis (A) in <FIG>) to facilitate insertion of the surgical access device through a body cavity wall (shown as abdominal wall (<NUM>)) of the patient. Cannulas (<NUM>, <NUM>) include working channels (<NUM>, <NUM>) and tissue gripping features (shown as ribs <NUM>, <NUM>). Working channels (<NUM>, <NUM>) are configured to guide a surgical instrument (not shown) along a central axis of cannulas (<NUM>, <NUM>). Tissue gripping features are intended to include non-helical features (e.g., such as ridges and annular scallops) as well as helical threads (e.g., overlapping or non-overlapping threads). The tissue gripping features may extend along only a portion of the length of cannula tube (<NUM>). As previously described, ribs (<NUM>, <NUM>) are formed as annular scallops. Ribs (<NUM>, <NUM>) may disposed along an outer surface of cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>). As shown in <FIG>, ribs (<NUM>, <NUM>) may be configured to stabilize cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>) relative to abdominal wall (<NUM>) of the patient when cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>) is inserted distally through abdominal wall (<NUM>).

To reduce over insertion and/or under insertion or trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>), exemplary depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may be selectively coupled with cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). Depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) are described in detail below with reference to <FIG>, and may be use alone or in combination with another depth limiter (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) if desired. For example, depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may securably retain cannulas, including but not limited to, cannulas having a <NUM> diameter, an <NUM> diameter, a <NUM> diameter, and a <NUM> diameter. Depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may be scaled to fit a variety of different sized cannula tubes, including but not limited to, cannulas having a <NUM> diameter, an <NUM> diameter, a <NUM> diameter, and a <NUM> diameter.

Depth limiter (<NUM>) is shown in relation to trocar (<NUM>) of <FIG> and cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannulas (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). Depth limiter (<NUM>) is shown in relation to cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannulas (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). Additionally, depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) are shown with relation to trocar (<NUM>), cannula (<NUM>), and cannula tube (<NUM>) of <FIG>. Depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>) are shown with relation to trocar (<NUM>) of <FIG>. However, it is envisioned that depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may be used with a variety of other trocars, cannula assemblies, and obturators, including trocars (<NUM>, <NUM>) and cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannulas (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>).

<FIG> show a first exemplary depth limiter (<NUM>) with relation to a surgical access device (shown as trocar (<NUM>)), which includes cannula assembly (<NUM>) and obturator (<NUM>) as described above. Depth limiter (<NUM>) is movable between an open configuration (see <FIG>) and a closed configuration (see <FIG>). Particularly, <FIG> shows a perspective view of trocar (<NUM>) of <FIG>, where depth limiter (<NUM>) is in the closed configuration that restricts axial movement along a longitudinal axis (A1) of depth limiter (<NUM>) relative to cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula assembly (<NUM>).

<FIG> shows a perspective view of depth limiter (<NUM>) of <FIG>. As shown, depth limiter (<NUM>) includes a housing (<NUM>). Housing (<NUM>) may be longer and/or wider to provide additional stability to depth limiter (<NUM>). Housing (<NUM>) may include body portions (shown as arms (<NUM>, <NUM>)) and a flexible hinge (shown as a living hinge (<NUM>)). As shown, living hinge (<NUM>) is disposed between arms (<NUM>, <NUM>). Arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) may be pivotably coupled together at a pivot point (P) using living hinge (<NUM>) between the open and closed configurations. Living hinge (<NUM>) may provide the desired clamp force onto the outer diameter of cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). Depth limiter (<NUM>) may couple with engagement features (e.g., ribs (<NUM>)) of cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be used repeatedly during a surgery.

Arm (<NUM>) may include a user contact portion (shown as outer surface (<NUM>)) and gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). Gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) may be spaced apart from gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) by a connecting portion (<NUM>), and gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) may be spaced apart from gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) by a connecting portion (<NUM>). Similarly, arm (<NUM>) may include a user contact portion (shown as outer surface (<NUM>)) and gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). Gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) may be spaced apart from gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) by a connecting portion (<NUM>), and gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) may be spaced apart from gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) by a connecting portion (<NUM>). Similarly, a connecting portion (<NUM>) may be disposed between gripping surface (<NUM>) and outer surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>), and a connecting portion (<NUM>) may be disposed between gripping surface (<NUM>) and outer surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>). While not shown, at least one of outer surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>) may include a textured surface for enhanced gripping by the user.

<FIG> shows a cross-sectional view of depth limiter (<NUM>) and cannula tube (<NUM>) of <FIG> taken along line <NUM>-<NUM> of <FIG>. Gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may be smooth, non-smooth, or a combination of smooth and non-smooth. As shown, gripping surfaces of arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) are both smooth and may be configured to frictionally engage with engagement features (e.g., ribs (<NUM>)) of cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) in the closed configuration, and not frictionally engage ribs (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) in the open configuration.

A non-smooth surface on one or more of gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may include one or more features to lockingly engage cannula tube (<NUM>). While not shown, at least one gripping surface (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) may include engagement features (e.g., ridges) to lockingly engage with tissue gripping features (e.g., ribs (<NUM>)) disposed along an outer surface of cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) in the closed configuration, and not lockingly engage with rib (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) in the open configuration. Depth limiter (<NUM>) may use the engagement features of cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) to counter the normal force imparted when depth limiter (<NUM>) contacts the body wall (e.g., abdominal wall (<NUM>)). Engagement features (e.g., ridges) may intimately mate with ribs (<NUM>)) of cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) to facilitate force transfer. Gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) are shown to be arcuate and continuous; however, gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may vary in shape.

<FIG> show depth limiter (<NUM>) accepting and coupling with discrete cannula tubes having various diameters. For example, arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) may be pivotably coupled together using living hinge (<NUM>) between the open configuration configured to receive cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannulas (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) and the closed configuration configured to couple with cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannulas (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). <FIG> shows depth limiter (<NUM>) in the open configuration, and <FIG> show depth limiter (<NUM>) in the closed configuration.

<FIG> shows a top plan view of depth limiter (<NUM>) of <FIG> and cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) being shown in cross-section. In the open configuration, depth limiter (<NUM>) may allow for axial movement of depth limiter (<NUM>) relative to cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannulas (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). For example, a user may pinch two points to increase the effective diameter between opposing gripping surface (<NUM>, <NUM>), between opposing gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>), and between opposing gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>). As shown, outer surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>) are configured to be actuated by the user using thumb and index fingers. However, the user may depress outer surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>) in other ways (e.g., using one or more fingers and the palm). In <FIG>, cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) is shown passing through connecting portion of (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) and connecting portion (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>). As shown, cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) already passed through connecting portions (<NUM>, <NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) and connecting portions (<NUM>, <NUM>) of arm (<NUM>).

<FIG> shows a top plan view of depth limiter (<NUM>) and cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) of <FIG>, but with depth limiter (<NUM>) in the closed configuration. Once the desired cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) is aligned, the user may release outer surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>) to decrease the effective diameter between opposing gripping surface (<NUM>, <NUM>), between opposing gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>), and between opposing gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>). This transitions depth limiter (<NUM>) to the closed configuration, where depth limiter (<NUM>) is fixed (e.g., clamped) to cannula tube (<NUM>). Gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) together with gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) collectively form an opening (<NUM>) having a first effective diameter (ED1) that is configured to selectively couple with cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). In the closed configuration, gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) is spaced apart by a gap from gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>). Arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) may be inwardly biased to capture cannula tube (<NUM>) when compared to <FIG>.

<FIG> shows a top plan view of depth limiter (<NUM>) of <FIG> and cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>), where depth limiter is (<NUM>) in the closed configuration. Gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) together with gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) collectively form an opening (<NUM>) having a second effective diameter (ED2) that is configured to selectively couple with cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). Second effective diameter (ED2) is greater than first effective diameter (ED1). Arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) may be inwardly biased to capture cannula tube (<NUM>) when compared to <FIG>.

<FIG> shows a top plan view of depth limiter (<NUM>) of <FIG> and cannula tube (<NUM>) of <FIG>, where depth limiter (<NUM>) is in the closed configuration. Gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) together with gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) collectively form an opening (<NUM>) having a third effective diameter (ED3) that is configured to selectively couple with cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). The third effective diameter (ED3) is be greater than either of first and second effective diameters (ED1, ED2). As shown, openings (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) are separate and discrete from one another. Arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) are biased inwardly when compared to the resting configuration of <FIG>. As shown in <FIG>, in fixed configuration, depth limiter (<NUM>) is configured to restrict axial movement of depth limiter (<NUM>) relative to cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannulas (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). For example, first effective diameter (ED1) may be approximately <NUM> millimeters, where second effective diameter (ED2) may be approximately <NUM> millimeters, and where third effective diameter (ED3) may be approximately <NUM> millimeters.

Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be reusable or disposable. In some versions, arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) and living hinge are integrally formed together as a unitary piece. Depth limiter may be formed entirely of a polymeric material. Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be injection molded for a disposable model. Alternatively, depth limiter (<NUM>) may be and stamped, machined, and/or metal-injection molded for a re-usable model. In some versions, depth limiter (<NUM>) is completely formed of metal. Depth limiter (<NUM>) may include simple to operate pinch-to release controls.

<FIG> show a second exemplary depth limiter (<NUM>) with relation to a surgical access device (e.g., trocar <NUM>, <NUM>). Particularly <FIG> shows a perspective view of depth limiter (<NUM>) that is movable between an open configuration and a closed configuration. As shown, depth limiter (<NUM>) includes a housing (<NUM>). Housing (<NUM>) may be longer and/or wider to provide additional stability to the surgical access device. Housing (<NUM>) may include body portions (shown as arms (<NUM>, <NUM>)) and a biasing feature (shown as a torsion spring (<NUM>)). Another suitable spring is also envisioned, including but not limited to, a leaf spring. As shown, torsion spring (<NUM>) is disposed between arms (<NUM>, <NUM>). Torsion spring (<NUM>) may be fixably attached to arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) using a friction fit and/or an adhesive. Arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) may be pivotably coupled together at a pivot point (P) using torsion spring (<NUM>) between the open and closed configurations. As shown, arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) are separate and distinct; however, arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) may be connected. Torsion spring (<NUM>) may provide the desired clamp force onto the outer diameter of cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). While not shown, depth limiter (<NUM>) may include a living hinge, similar to living hinge (<NUM>). Depth limiter (<NUM>) may couple with cannula tubes having different diameters (e.g., cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>)). Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be transitioned between the closed and open configurations repeatedly during a surgery. Cannula tube (<NUM>) may be sized similar to cannula tube (<NUM>), and cannula tube (<NUM>) may be sized similar to cannula tube (<NUM>).

Gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may be smooth, non-smooth, or a combination of smooth and non-smooth. A non-smooth surface may include one or more features to lockingly engage cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). For example, at least one of gripping surfaces of arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) may include engagement features (shown as ridges (<NUM>)) to lockingly engage with tissue gripping features (e.g., ribs (<NUM>)) disposed along an outer surface of cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) in the closed configuration, and not lockingly engage with rib (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) in the open configuration. Depth limiter (<NUM>) may use the engagement features of cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) to counter the normal force imparted when depth limiter (<NUM>) contacts the body wall (e.g., abdominal wall (<NUM>)). Engagement features (shown as ridges (<NUM>)) may intimately mate with ribs (<NUM>)) of cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) to facilitate force transfer. Gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) are shown to be arcuate and continuous; however, gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may vary. While not shown, gripping surfaces of arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) may be smooth and configured to frictionally engage with engagement features (e.g., ribs (<NUM>)) of cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) in the closed configuration, and not frictionally engage ribs (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) in the open configuration.

<FIG> show how depth limiter (<NUM>) may accept and couple with cannula tubes having different diameters. Arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) may be pivotably coupled together using torsion spring (<NUM>) between the open configuration configured to receive cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannulas (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) and the closed configuration configured to couple with cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannulas (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). <FIG> shows a top plan view of depth limiter (<NUM>) of <FIG> and cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) being shown in cross-section. In the open configuration, depth limiter (<NUM>) may allow for axial movement of depth limiter (<NUM>) relative to cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannulas (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). For example, a user may pinch two points to increase the effective diameter between opposing gripping surface (<NUM>, <NUM>), between opposing gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>), and between opposing gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>). As shown, outer surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>) are configured to be actuated by the user using thumb and index fingers. However, the user may depress outer surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>) in other ways (e.g., using one or more fingers and the palm).

<FIG> shows a top plan view of depth limiter (<NUM>) and cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) of <FIG>, but with depth limiter (<NUM>) in the closed configuration. Once the desired cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) is aligned, the user may release outer surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>) to decrease the effective diameter between opposing gripping surface (<NUM>, <NUM>), between opposing gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>), and between opposing gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>). This transitions depth limiter (<NUM>) to the closed configuration, where depth limiter (<NUM>) is fixed (e.g., clamped) to cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). As shown in <FIG>, gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) together with gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) collectively form an opening (<NUM>) having a first effective diameter (ED1) that is configured to selectively couple with cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). In the closed configuration, gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) may be spaced apart by a gap from gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>). Arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) may be biased inwardly to capture and retain cannula tube (<NUM>) when compared to the resting configuration of <FIG>.

<FIG> shows a top plan view of depth limiter (<NUM>) of <FIG> and cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>), where depth limiter is (<NUM>) in the closed configuration. As shown, gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) together with gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) collectively form an opening (<NUM>) having a second effective diameter (ED2) that is configured to selectively couple with cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). Second effective diameter (ED2) is greater than first effective diameter (ED1). Arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) may be biased inwardly to capture cannula tube (<NUM>) when compared to the resting configuration of <FIG>. Additionally, <FIG> shows the open configuration in phantom allowing for cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) to be inserted into and from opening (<NUM>).

<FIG> shows a top plan view of depth limiter (<NUM>) of <FIG> and cannula tube (<NUM>) of <FIG>, where depth limiter (<NUM>) is in the closed configuration. Gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) together with gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) collectively form an opening (<NUM>) having a third effective diameter (ED3) that is configured to selectively couple with cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). The third effective diameter (ED3) may be greater than either of first and second effective diameters (ED1, ED2). Openings (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) are separate and discrete from one another. Arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) may be biased inwardly when compared to the resting configuration of <FIG>. Additionally, <FIG> shows the open configuration in phantom allowing for cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) to be inserted into and from opening (<NUM>).

As shown in <FIG>, in fixed configuration, depth limiter (<NUM>) is configured to restrict axial movement of depth limiter (<NUM>) relative to cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannulas (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). For example, first effective diameter (ED1) may be approximately <NUM> millimeters, second effective diameter (ED2) may be approximately <NUM> millimeters, and third effective diameter (ED3) may be approximately <NUM> millimeters.

Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be reusable or disposable. Depth limiter may be formed entirely of a polymeric material. Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be injection molded for a disposable model. Alternatively, depth limiter (<NUM>) may be and stamped, machined, and/or metal-injection molded for a re-usable model. In some versions, depth limiter (<NUM>) is completely formed of metal. Depth limiter (<NUM>) may include simple to operate pinch-to release controls.

<FIG> shows a third exemplary depth limiter (<NUM>) with relation to a surgical access device. Similar to depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>), depth limiter (<NUM>) is movable between an open configuration and a closed configuration. As shown, depth limiter (<NUM>) includes a housing (<NUM>). Housing (<NUM>) may be integrally formed together as a unitary piece. In some versions, housing (<NUM>) may be a thin metal ribbon that is formed into the desired shape. The thickness (T) of housing (<NUM>) affects the force required to transition depth limiter (<NUM>) between the open and closed configurations. Housing (<NUM>) may be longer and/or wider to provide additional stability. A thin metal ribbon allows for housing (<NUM>) to be efficiently and effectively sterilized. Housing (<NUM>) may include body portions (shown as arms (<NUM>, <NUM>)) and a living hinge (<NUM>). Living hinge (<NUM>) may provide the desired clamp force onto the outer diameter of cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). Living hinge (<NUM>) may also have thickness (T). Depth limiter (<NUM>) may accommodate multiple cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) and may be repeatedly used during a surgery.

Similar to arms (<NUM>, <NUM>), arm (<NUM>) may include a user contact portion (shown as outer surface (<NUM>)) and gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). Gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) may be spaced apart from gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) by a connecting portion (<NUM>), and gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) may be spaced apart from gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) by a connecting portion (<NUM>). Similar to arms (<NUM>, <NUM>), arm (<NUM>) may include a user contact portion (shown as outer surface (<NUM>)) and gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). Gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) may be spaced apart from gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) by a connecting portion (<NUM>), and gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) may be spaced apart from gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) by a connecting portion (<NUM>). Similarly, a connecting portion (<NUM>) may be disposed between gripping surface (<NUM>) and outer surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>), and a connecting portion (<NUM>) may be disposed between gripping surface (<NUM>) and outer surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>).

Gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may be smooth, non-smooth, or a combination of smooth and non-smooth. As shown, gripping surfaces of arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) are smooth and may be configured to frictionally engage with engagement features (e.g., ribs (<NUM>)) of cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) in the closed configuration, and not frictionally engage ribs (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) in the open configuration. A non-smooth surface may include one or more features to lockingly engage cannula tube (<NUM>). While not shown, at least one of gripping surfaces of arms (<NUM>, <NUM>) may include engagement features (e.g., ridges similar to ridges (<NUM>)) to lockingly engage with tissue gripping features (e.g., ribs (<NUM>)) disposed along an outer surface of cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) in the closed configuration, and not lockingly engage with rib (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) in the open configuration. Gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) are shown to be arcuate and continuous; however, gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may vary.

Similar to depth limiter (<NUM>) with reference to <FIG> and depth limiter (<NUM>) with reference to <FIG>, a user may pinch two points to increase the effective diameter between opposing gripping surface (<NUM>, <NUM>), between opposing gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>), and between opposing gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>). As shown, outer surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>) are configured to be actuated by the user using thumb and index fingers. However, the user may depress outer surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>) in other ways (e.g., using one or more fingers and the palm). Once the desired cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) is aligned, the user may release outer surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>) to decrease the effective diameter between opposing gripping surface (<NUM>, <NUM>), between opposing gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>), and between opposing gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>). This transitions depth limiter (<NUM>) to the closed configuration, where depth limiter (<NUM>) is fixed (e.g., clamped) to cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>).

Gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) together with gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) collectively form an opening (<NUM>) having a first effective diameter (ED1) that is configured to selectively couple with cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). Similarly, gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) together with gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) collectively form an opening (<NUM>) having a second effective diameter (ED2) that is configured to selectively couple with cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). Second effective diameter (ED2) is greater than first effective diameter (ED1). Gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) together with gripping surface (<NUM>) of arm (<NUM>) collectively form an opening (<NUM>) having a third effective diameter (ED3) that is configured to selectively couple with cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). The third effective diameter (ED3) may be greater than either of first and second effective diameters (ED1, ED2). Openings (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) are separate and discrete from one another. In fixed configuration, depth limiter (<NUM>) is configured to restrict axial movement of depth limiter (<NUM>) relative to cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannulas (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). For example, first effective diameter (ED1) may be approximately <NUM> millimeters, where second effective diameter (ED2) may be approximately <NUM> millimeters, and where third effective diameter (ED3) may be approximately <NUM> millimeters.

Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be reusable or disposable. Depth limiter may be formed entirely of a polymeric material. Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be injection molded for a disposable model. Alternatively, depth limiter (<NUM>) may be and stamped, machined, and/or metal-injection molded for a re-usable model. In some versions, depth limiter (<NUM>) is completely formed of metal. Depth limiter (<NUM>) may made of a singular piece, where the spring like properties of metal allow depth limiter (<NUM>) to move between the fixed and open configurations without including a separate biasing feature (e.g., a leaf spring or a torsion spring). Depth limiter (<NUM>) may include simple to operate pinch-to release controls.

<FIG> shows a perspective view of a fourth exemplary depth limiter (<NUM>). Depth limiter (<NUM>) includes a hub (<NUM>) and a plurality of legs (<NUM>). Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be used in combination with depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) described above. While hub (<NUM>) is shown as being generally square shaped, other shapes of hub (<NUM>) are also envisioned. As shown, hub (<NUM>) includes an aperture (<NUM>) extending completely therethrough. Aperture (<NUM>) may include a gripping surface (<NUM>). Gripping surface (<NUM>) may extend parallel to a longitudinal axis defined by cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). While <FIG> describe depth limiter (<NUM>) with reference to cannula tube (<NUM>) of trocar (<NUM>) of <FIG>, other cannula tubes (e.g., cannula tube (<NUM>)) may also be used. Gripping surface (<NUM>) may be smooth or non-smooth. As shown in <FIG>, gripping surface (<NUM>) includes a smooth surface that may frictionally engage a portion of cannula (<NUM>), such as ribs (<NUM>). Alternatively, gripping surface (<NUM>) may include a non-smooth surface may include one or more features to lockingly engage cannula tube (<NUM>). In other words, depth limiter (<NUM>) may be secured to cannula (<NUM>) with mating threads (like a nut) or secured to a scalloped cannula with an appropriate amount of interference fit. Such threads of depth limiter (<NUM>) may be helical or non-helical (e.g., scallops). For example, gripping surface (<NUM>) may include at least one tooth configured to lockingly engage with at least one of rib (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>).

Legs (<NUM>) may have a generally constant cross-sectional area moving radially away from hub (<NUM>); however, legs (<NUM>) may have a non-uniform cross-section. For example, one or more ends of legs (<NUM>) may include cupped potions (<NUM>) to distribute the downward force. As shown, legs (<NUM>) are separated by approximately <NUM> degrees. More or fewer legs (<NUM>) are also envisioned.

Depth limiter (<NUM>) may provide additional stability to the trocar (<NUM>) for anti-tip resistance. Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be configured to restrict sudden tilting using legs (<NUM>), thereby stabilizing cannula (<NUM>). Depth limiter (<NUM>) is configured to prevent accidental over-insertion into body, while also restricting the displacement and/or velocity of off-axis tilting of trocar (<NUM>) to stabilize trocar (<NUM>). This stabilization may be achieved using mechanical spring effects of each leg (<NUM>). Legs (<NUM>) may have a reduced mass allowing legs (<NUM>) to flex outwardly, causing a variable amount of spring-resistance in each direction trocar (<NUM>) attempts to tilt. For example, legs (<NUM>) may have reduced mass portions (e.g., living hinge portions), and/or may rely on inherent spring force of legs (<NUM>). Legs (<NUM>) may contact the patient's body wall to prevent or at least decelerate tip over of cannula (<NUM>).

<FIG> show depth limiter (<NUM>); however, the teachings of <FIG> may also apply to depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>) described in detail below. <FIG> shows a partial side sectional view of depth limiter (<NUM>) of <FIG> coupled with cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula assembly (<NUM>) of trocar (<NUM>) of <FIG>, where legs (<NUM>) of depth limiter (<NUM>) are in a non-deployed configuration when distal end of trocar (<NUM>) is received within abdominal cavity (<NUM>). In the non-deployed configuration (e.g., the resting configuration) of <FIG>, legs (<NUM>) may be curved downwardly. As depth limiter (<NUM>) is pushed against abdominal wall (<NUM>), legs (<NUM>) bend flatter and provide reaction spring-forces against abdominal wall (<NUM>) and cannula (<NUM>). The degree at which legs (<NUM>) bend flatter may be controlled by the user. For example, additional force (e.g., downward hand pressure by the user) may cause legs (<NUM>) to bend flatter until depth limiter (<NUM>) is disposed adjacent to abdominal wall (<NUM>). As the flatness of legs (<NUM>) increases, the amount of reactive forces on cannula (<NUM>) may also increase, which increases the locking force. For example, when the user has depressed depth limiter (<NUM>) to a partially (but not fully) deployed configuration, legs (<NUM>) may have some degree of deployment. Additionally, if the user then applies an off-axis loading, one or more of legs (<NUM>) may depress further than the other legs (<NUM>), but upon removal of the off-axis load, legs (<NUM>) may be equalized and return in a controlled manner to a centered home position.

<FIG> shows a partial side sectional view of depth limiter (<NUM>) of <FIG> coupled with cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula assembly (<NUM>) of <FIG> following detachment and removal of obturator (<NUM>), where legs (<NUM>) of depth limiter (<NUM>) are in a deployed configuration with a distal end of cannula tube (<NUM>) received within abdominal cavity (<NUM>). In the deployed configuration, legs (<NUM>) may reduce the amount of rotational displacement/tilt that trocar (<NUM>) may achieve, and may also reduce the velocity that trocar (<NUM>) may achieve that tilt (i.e., preventing sudden accidental moves within the body). To completely undeploy depth limiter (<NUM>) from cannula tube (<NUM>), the user may retract cannula (<NUM>) out of abdominal wall (<NUM>) to sufficiently reduce the compressive/clamping forces of depth limiter (<NUM>) on the abdominal wall (<NUM>), such that the user may pull the depth limiter (<NUM>) back using their hand. Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be disposable or re-usable.

<FIG> shows a fifth exemplary depth limiter (<NUM>) that is similar to depth limiter (<NUM>). Depth limiter (<NUM>) includes a hub (<NUM>) similar to hub (<NUM>), legs (<NUM>) similar to legs (<NUM>), an aperture (<NUM>) similar to aperture (<NUM>), a gripping surface (<NUM>) of aperture (<NUM>) similar to gripping surface (<NUM>). Legs (<NUM>) may include cupped portions (<NUM>) similar to cupped portions (<NUM>). Unlike depth limiter (<NUM>) that is shown as including four legs (<NUM>), depth limiter (<NUM>) includes two legs (<NUM>). For example, legs (<NUM>) may be separated by approximately <NUM> degrees. Legs (<NUM>) flex similar to legs (<NUM>) shown above with reference to <FIG>.

<FIG> shows a sixth exemplary depth limiter (<NUM>) that is similar to depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>). Depth limiter (<NUM>) includes a hub (<NUM>) similar to hub (<NUM>), legs (<NUM>) similar to legs (<NUM>), an aperture (<NUM>) similar to aperture (<NUM>), a gripping surface (<NUM>) of aperture (<NUM>) similar to gripping surface (<NUM>). Legs (<NUM>) may include cupped portions (<NUM>) similar to cupped portions (<NUM>). Unlike depth limiter (<NUM>) that is shown as including four legs (<NUM>), depth limiter (<NUM>) includes three legs (<NUM>). For example, legs (<NUM>) may be circumferentially separated uniformly by approximately <NUM> degrees around hub (<NUM>). However, legs (<NUM>) may be non-uniformly separated. In some instances, the use of three or four legs (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may allow for further stability and ergonomics to allow for finger grip of user (U). Legs (<NUM>) may flex similar to legs (<NUM>) shown above with reference to <FIG>.

<FIG> show a seventh exemplary depth limiter (<NUM>). Particularly, <FIG> shows a perspective view of depth limiter (<NUM>). As shown, depth limiter (<NUM>) includes a hub (<NUM>) and a plurality of legs (<NUM>). extending from hub (<NUM>). Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be used in combination with any one or more of depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) described above. While hub (<NUM>) is shown as being generally cylindrically shaped, other shapes of hub (<NUM>) are also envisioned. As shown, hub (<NUM>) includes an aperture (<NUM>) and a plurality of notches (<NUM>). Notches (<NUM>) may transform depth limiter (<NUM>) from a movable configuration to a fixed configuration.

Aperture (<NUM>) includes a gripping surface (<NUM>) that is configured to couple with the outer surface of cannula tube (<NUM>) in the fixed configuration. Gripping surface (<NUM>) may extend parallel to a longitudinal axis defined by cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). Gripping surface (<NUM>) may be smooth or non-smooth. As shown in <FIG>, gripping surface (<NUM>) may include a smooth surface that frictionally engages ribs (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) in the fixed configuration. Alternatively, gripping surface (<NUM>) may include a non-smooth surface may include one or more features to lockingly engage cannula tube (<NUM>). Hub (<NUM>) of depth limiter (<NUM>) may be secured to cannula (<NUM>) with mating threads (like a nut) or may be secured to a scalloped cannula using an interference fit. Threads may be helical or non-helical (e.g., scallops). For example, gripping surface (<NUM>) may include at least one tooth configured to lockingly engage with at least one of rib (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). For example, notches (<NUM>) may be formed in hub (<NUM>) of depth limiter (<NUM>), such that each leg (<NUM>) may selectively collapse when adequate force acts on that leg (<NUM>), causing gripping surface (<NUM>) to clamp down tighter on cannula (<NUM>). As such, depth limiter (<NUM>) may limit insertion depth of cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>) and provide stability control of cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>).

Legs (<NUM>) may have a generally tapering cross-section moving radially away from hub (<NUM>). For example, one or more ends of legs (<NUM>) may include distal pad (<NUM>) to distribute the downward force. As shown, legs (<NUM>) are separated by approximately <NUM> degrees. Legs (<NUM>) may be non-uniformly separated. Additionally, more or fewer legs (<NUM>) are also envisioned (similar to those shown in FIGS. <NUM>-<NUM> associated with depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>)). Depth limiter (<NUM>) may provide additional stability to the trocar (<NUM>) for anti-tip resistance. Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be configured to restrict sudden tilting using legs (<NUM>), thereby stabilizing cannula (<NUM>). Legs (<NUM>) may contact body wall to prevent or at least decelerate tip over of cannula (<NUM>). While <FIG> describe depth limiter (<NUM>) with reference to cannula tube (<NUM>) of trocar (<NUM>), cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may also be used.

<FIG> and <FIG> show depth limiter (<NUM>) in the movable configuration. Particularly, <FIG> shows a top plan view of depth limiter (<NUM>) of <FIG> coupled with cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula assembly (<NUM>) of <FIG>, where hub (<NUM>) of depth limiter (<NUM>) is in a movable configuration. <FIG> shows a partial side sectional view of depth limiter (<NUM>) of <FIG> coupled with cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula assembly (<NUM>) of <FIG>, where legs (<NUM>) of depth limiter (<NUM>) are in the movable configuration. In the movable configuration of FIGS. 37A and 38A, gripping surface (<NUM>) forms a second effective diameter (ED2) that allows for axial movement of depth limiter (<NUM>) relative to an outer diameter of cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). In the movable configuration, also considered the resting configuration, legs (<NUM>) are curved downwardly. Once pushed against abdominal wall (<NUM>), legs (<NUM>) bend flatter and provide a reaction force against abdominal wall (<NUM>) and cannula (<NUM>).

<FIG> and <FIG> show depth limiter (<NUM>) in the fixed configuration. Particularly, <FIG> shows a partial side sectional view of depth limiter (<NUM>) of <FIG> coupled with cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula assembly (<NUM>) of <FIG> following detachment and removal of obturator (<NUM>), where legs (<NUM>) of depth limiter (<NUM>) are in the fixed configuration. <FIG> shows a partial side sectional view of depth limiter (<NUM>) of <FIG> coupled with cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula assembly (<NUM>) of <FIG> following detachment and removal of obturator (<NUM>), where legs (<NUM>) of depth limiter (<NUM>) are in the fixed configuration. In the fixed configuration, notches (<NUM>) may be forced closed to narrow aperture (<NUM>). Legs (<NUM>) may reduce the amount of rotational displacement/tilt that trocar (<NUM>) may exhibit, and may also reduce the velocity at which trocar (<NUM>) may assume that tilt (i.e., preventing sudden movements within the body). In the fixed configuration, gripping surfaces (<NUM>) collectively form a first effective diameter (ED1) that restricts axial movement of depth limiter (<NUM>) relative to cannula (<NUM>) by directly contacting cannula (<NUM>). Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be disposable or reusable.

<FIG> shows a top sectional view of an eighth exemplary depth limiter (<NUM>). Depth limiter (<NUM>) includes a hub (<NUM>) and a plurality of legs (<NUM>) extending from hub (<NUM>). Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be used in combination with any one or more of depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) described above. In some versions, hub (<NUM>) may being generally cylindrically shaped. As shown, hub (<NUM>) includes an aperture (<NUM>) configured to receive cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). As shown, legs (<NUM>) may be separated by approximately <NUM> degrees. However, legs (<NUM>) may be non-uniformly separated. Additionally, more or fewer legs (<NUM>) are also envisioned, similar to depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>) shown in <FIG>.

Depth limiter (<NUM>) includes a fluid chamber (<NUM>) that may be disposed within hub (<NUM>) and legs (<NUM>). For example, fluid chamber (<NUM>) may be completely enclosed by hub (<NUM>) and legs (<NUM>). Fluid chamber may include a plurality of fluid passageways (<NUM>) that include narrow portions (<NUM>). Narrow portions (<NUM>) may be disposed generally between hub (<NUM>) and legs (<NUM>). Narrow portions (<NUM>) regulate flow between hub (<NUM>) and legs (<NUM>). In other words, fluid chamber (<NUM>) may be integrated into legs (<NUM>) with narrow portions (<NUM>) forming restricted areas of flow at the base of each leg (<NUM>). As shown, one or more ends of legs (<NUM>) may include extensive portion (<NUM>) configured to extend from a compressed configuration (C) to an expanded configuration (E). Depth limiter (<NUM>) may provide additional stability to the trocar (<NUM>) for anti-tip resistance. As additional tilt force acts on each independent leg (<NUM>), the fluid may redistribute to the other legs (<NUM>), but the fluid may be restricted by these restricted areas (<NUM>), thus creating a damping effect on the tilting of trocar (<NUM>). This damping effect may regulate the speed at which trocar (<NUM>) tilts. As a result, depth limiter (<NUM>) may restrict sudden tilting of trocar (<NUM>) via restricted fluid flow between legs (<NUM>), thereby stabilizing cannula (<NUM>).

Aperture (<NUM>) includes a gripping surface (<NUM>) that may couple with the outer surface of cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). Gripping surface (<NUM>) may extend parallel to a longitudinal axis defined by cannula tube (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). Gripping surface (<NUM>) may be smooth or non-smooth. As shown in <FIG>, gripping surface (<NUM>) may include a smooth surface that frictionally engages ribs (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). Alternatively, gripping surface (<NUM>) may include a non-smooth surface may include one or more features to lockingly engage cannula tube (<NUM>). For example, hub (<NUM>) of depth limiter (<NUM>) may be secured to cannula (<NUM>) using mating threads (like a nut) or secured to a scalloped cannula. Threads may be helical or non-helical (e.g., scallops). For example, gripping surface (<NUM>) may include at least one tooth configured to lockingly engage with at least one of rib (<NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>). Depth limiter (<NUM>) may be disposable.

A method of inserting a surgical access device (e.g., trocar <NUM>, <NUM>) through a body wall (e.g., abdominal wall (<NUM>)) of a patient is also described. Trocar (<NUM>, <NUM>) may include cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), obturator (<NUM>, <NUM>), and one or more of depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>).

The method includes coupling depth limiter (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) with cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) when in the open configuration. This coupling may be obtained by the user actuating outer surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) which causes gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) to move from the fixed configuration to the open configuration. Openings (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may be separate and discrete from one another. For example, openings (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may receive cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>) having a first effective diameter (ED1), openings (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may receive cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>) having a second effective diameter (ED2), and/or openings (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may receive cannula tubes (<NUM>, <NUM>) having third effective diameter (ED3). For example, first effective diameter (ED1) may be approximately <NUM> millimeters, where second effective diameter (ED2) may be approximately <NUM> millimeters, and where third effective diameter (ED3) may be approximately <NUM> millimeters. However, other diameters of cannula tube are also envisioned.

The method includes transitioning depth limiter (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) from the open configuration to a closed configuration to constrain depth limiter (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) axially relative to the cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). In the fixed configuration, gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may collectively form a first effective diameter (ED1) that restricts axial movement of depth limiter (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) relative to cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) by directly contacting cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). In the open configuration, gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) collectively form a second effective diameter (ED2) that allows for axial movement of depth limiter (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) relative to cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>).

The method may include inserting a least a portion of cannula tube (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) of cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) into the patient. Depth limiters (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) may be moved along cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), once cannula (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) is within the body by user again actuating outer surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) which causes gripping surfaces (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) to move from the closed configuration to the open configuration.

Furthermore, any one or more of the teachings herein may be combined with any one or more of the teachings disclosed in U. Ref. END9247USNP1], entitled "Pinch-To-Release Cannula Depth Limiter," filed on even date herewith; U. Ref. END9247USNP3], entitled "Pinch-To-Clamp Cannula Depth Limiter," filed on even date herewith; U. Ref. END9247USNP4], entitled "Universal Size Multi-Walled Elastomer Cannula Depth Limiter," filed on even date herewith; U. Ref. END9247USNP5], entitled "Threaded Cannula Depth Limiter," filed on even date herewith; U. Ref. END9247USNP6], entitled "Tilting Tang Cannula Depth Limiter," filed on even date herewith; U. Ref. END9247USNP7], entitled "Two Piece Separable Obturator," filed on even date herewith; U. Ref. END9247USNP8], entitled "Latchless Obturator with Interference Fit Feature," filed on even date herewith; U. Ref. END9247USNP9], entitled "Balancing Feature for Reusable Trocar," filed on even date herewith; U. Ref. END9247USNP10], entitled "Airflow Channels and Patterns in Lumen for Cannula," filed on even date herewith; and/or U. Ref. END9247USNP11], entitled "Stabilizer for Surgical Shafts or Cannulas," filed on even date herewith.

Similarly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various teachings herein may be readily combined with various teachings of any of the following: <CIT>; <CIT>; <CIT>; <CIT>; and/or <CIT>.

Claim 1:
A depth limiter (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) configured to couple with a first trocar cannula and a second trocar cannula, wherein the first and second trocar cannulas have different diameters, the depth limiter comprising:
(a) a first body portion (<NUM>) comprising:
(i) a first gripping surface (<NUM>), and
(ii) a second gripping surface (<NUM>); and
(b) a second body portion (<NUM>), wherein the first and second body portions are pivotably coupled together and are movable between an open configuration and a closed configuration, wherein in the open configuration the first and second body portions are configured to allow for axial movement of the depth limiter relative to the first and second trocar cannulas, wherein in the closed configuration the first and second body portions (<NUM>, <NUM>) are configured to restrict axial movement of the depth limiter relative to the first and second trocar cannulas, wherein the second body portion (<NUM>) comprises:
(i) a first gripping surface (<NUM>) that together with the first gripping surface of the first body portion are configured to restrict axial movement of the depth limiter relative to the first trocar cannula in the closed configuration, and
(ii) a second gripping surface (<NUM>) that together with the second gripping surface of the first body portion are configured to restrict axial movement of the depth limiter relative to the second trocar cannula in the closed configuration.