Patent Description:
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that threatens an estimated one billion people worldwide and is endemic in <NUM> countries mainly in East Africa, Latin America, and South Asia. Leishmaniasis is a complex vector-borne disease, transmitted by more than <NUM> species of the protozoan genus Leishmania, and associated with clinical manifestations ranging from relatively benign localized skin ulcers to a systemic disease-causing severe damages to visceral organs that is fatal if left untreated. The different forms of the disease are categorized as visceral, cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Leishmaniasis breaks out in "foci", concentrated geographic areas, and is transmitted by the bite of a sand fly. The spread of the disease is impacted by environmental changes such as deforestation, building of dams, irrigation schemes, and urbanization. An estimated <NUM>,<NUM> to <NUM> million new cases of the disease in its various forms occur annually, with an estimated number of <NUM>,<NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM> associated deaths. The fatality rate of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), also called Kala-Azar, is over <NUM>% if left untreated.

Visceral Leishmaniasis is predominantly caused by the protozoan parasites L. donovani and L. infantum, with a distribution in Asia, East Africa, Latin America, and the Mediterranean region. In patients who develop symptoms, presentation is insidious with development of splenomegaly, irregular fevers, anaemia, pancytopenia, weight loss and weakness occurring progressively over a period of weeks or even months.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in all tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The distribution of this disease is very tightly linked to geography with a high degree of local variation. Leishmania species, for example L. tropica, L. guyanensis, and L. panamensis, are known to infect humans and cause CL. The clinical manifestations of CL include skin lesions, which can persist for months, sometimes years. The skin lesions usually develop several weeks or months after the exposure but occasionally first appear years later. The lesions typically evolve from papules to nodular plaques to ulcerative lesions. The healing process typically results in atrophic scarring.

The Leishmania spp. parasite, the causal agent of leishmaniasis is transmitted by the bite of female phlebotomine sandflies. The sandflies inject the infective stage parasite, promastigotes, during blood meals. Promastigotes that reach the puncture wound are phagocytized by macrophages and transformed into amastigotes. The amastigotes multiply inside infected cells and will affect different tissues, depending in part on the Leishmania species, leading to the different clinical manifestations. The parasite lifecycle is completed when the sandflies become infected during blood meals ingesting amastigote infected macrophages from an infected host. In the sandfly's midgut, the parasites differentiate into promastigotes, which multiply and migrate to the proboscis.

Current treatments of VL disease rely on the use of a small group of drugs including: meglumine antimoniate, sodium stibogluconate (SSG), liposomal amphotericin B, paromomycin sulfate, and miltefosine. Although being efficacious against multiple Leishmania strains in different populations their use is associated with significant dose limiting adverse effects and emerging cases of drug resistance observed in specific regions. In addition, limitations related to access and need for supervised intravenous or intramuscular drug administration restricts their overall use. Miltefosine, currently the only oral drug available cannot be administered to female patients in child-bearing age due to its teratogenicity unless contraception can be guaranteed. Interestingly, there are significant differences in the clinical response to the same treatment between Asia and Africa, variations in the clinical response within Africa has also been observed leading to the development of regional treatment recommendations.

To overcome the limitations with the current drug treatments, there has been an increasing effort over recent years to discover and develop novel oral treatments with improved safety profiles. These efforts have resulted in an emerging pipeline of novel compounds in preclinical and clinical development suitable for oral treatment belonging to different chemical classes: nitroimidazoles (DNDI-<NUM>; <NPL>), pyrazolopyrimidines (GSK3186899; <NPL>), aminopyrazoles, (DNDI-<NUM>; <NPL>), oxaboroles (DNDI-<NUM>; <NPL>) and proteasome (LXE408; <NPL>). These inhibitors represent, in cases when described, different anti-parasitic mechanisms of action which ultimately will help to mitigate the risk for resistance development if dosed as combinations. <CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

The pyrrolopyrimidine TCMDC-<NUM> identified by screening a set <NUM> million compounds [<NPL>. ] Primarily this compound is reported to be a highly potent anti-infective activity towards T. cruzi infected NIH-3T3 murine fibroblasts (pIC50 <NUM>). TCMDC-<NUM> also demonstrated clearance of L. donovani parasites in infected human macrophages at high concentrations (pIC50 <NUM>).

However, in vivo activity in L. donovani mouse infection models has not yet been demonstrated for this compound.

There is thus room to develop active in vivo compounds against parasitic diseases such as Leishmaniasis, including Visceral Leishmaniasis and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and related diseases.

It is an aim of the present invention to provide novel compounds having an improved in vivo activity against parasitic diseases or neglected tropical diseases, in particular Leishmaniasis and related diseases, and to use such compounds for the treatment of these diseases.

It is a further aim to reduce, alleviate or avoid the drawbacks of the existing drugs, in particular in terms of adverse effects and drug resistance, in the treatment of parasitic diseases or neglected tropical diseases, and in particular Leishmaniasis and related diseases.

It is also an aim of the present invention to improve the access toward Leishmaniasis treatments of parasitic diseases or neglected tropical diseases, and in particular Leishmaniasis and related diseases, by providing alternative oral drugs.

It is a further object of the present invention to increase the type and number of patients susceptible to receive a treatment against parasitic diseases or neglected tropical diseases, such as Leishmaniasis and related diseases, and in particular to provide treatments adapted to female patients in child-bearing age.

To this end, the present invention provides a compound of the formula (I)
<CHM>
Wherein:.

Or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, According to an embodiment, both X and Y denote a carbon atom, and the remaining groups are as defined for formula (I) or for any other embodiments here described.

According to another embodiment both X and Y denote a nitrogen atom and R<NUM> is absent, and the remaining groups are as defined for formula (I) or for any other embodiments here described.

According to another embodiment each one of Ra and Rb denotes a -CH<NUM> group and the other substituents are as defined for formula (I) of for any other embodiments here described, including formula (Ia), (Ib) and (Ic) below.

According to another embodiment, each one of Ra and Rb denotes a -CH<NUM> group, each one of R<NUM> and R<NUM> denotes a hydrogen atom, R<NUM> is selected from -CN, halogen, -OCH<NUM> and -OCH<NUM>CF<NUM>, R<NUM> when present, denotes a hydrogen atom or -OCH<NUM>, R<NUM> is -OCH<NUM> or R<NUM> and R<NUM> denote together a group -OCH<NUM>O- and the remaining substituents are as defined for formula (I) of for any other embodiments here described, including formula (Ia), (Ib) and (Ic) below.

Preferably, both Ra and Rb denote a methyl group wherein the remaining groups are as defined for formulae (I), (Ia) or for any other embodiments here described.

Preferably, the present invention provides a compound of formula (Ib)
<CHM>
Wherein R<NUM>, R<NUM> and R<NUM> are as above defined.

Preferably, the present invention provides a compound of formula (Ic)
<CHM>.

Wherein R<NUM> and R<NUM> are as above defined.

In a preferred embodiment, R<NUM> in formula (I), (Ia), (Ib) and (Ic) is selected among the group consisting of -CN, halogen selected from fluor or chlorine, and a group -OCH<NUM>CF<NUM> and the other substituents are as above defined.

In another preferred embodiment, the group R<NUM>, in formula (I), (Ia), (Ib) and (Ic), when present, is selected among the group consisting of hydrogen and -OCH<NUM>, or defines together with R<NUM> a group -OCH<NUM>O-, and the other substituents are as above defined.

In another preferred embodiment, the group R<NUM> in formula (I), (Ia), (Ib) and (Ic) denotes -OCH<NUM> or forms together with R<NUM>, when present a group -OCH<NUM>O-.

The present invention specifically includes the following compounds:.

In the present disclosure, the term "alkyl" denotes a saturated hydrocarbon chain having the indicated number of carbon atoms.

The term "alkoxy" denotes a group -O-alkyl.

The term "alkenyl" denotes a hydrocarbon chain having the indicated number of carbon atoms and comprising at least one double bound, up to the maximal possible double bounds with regards to the indicated number of carbon atoms.

The term "alkynyl" denotes a hydrocarbon chain having the indicated number of carbon atoms and comprising at least one triple bound, up to the maximal possible triple bounds with regards to the indicated number of carbon atoms. An alkenyl may in addition comprise one or several double bounds.

The term "cyclic" refers to a chain arrangement of atoms forming at least one ring, with some, or all, of the atoms constituting the chain arrangement. A cyclic ring may comprise one or several unsaturated bonds such as double or triple bounds. Cyclic alkenyl may include several double bounds and form aromatic rings.

The term "substituent" refers to an atom or atom arrangement replacing one or several hydrogen atoms on the indicated hydrocarbon chain.

The compounds of formula (I) and embodiments here-described may exist in enantiomeric forms. It is to be understood that all enantiomers, diastereomers, racemates and mixtures thereof are included within the scope of the present invention.

Compounds of formula (I) and embodiments here-described may in addition or alternatively exist in various tautomeric forms. All tautomeric forms and mixtures thereof are included within the scope of the present invention.

The present invention includes compounds of formula (I) and embodiments here-described in the form of salts, in particular acid addition salts. Suitable salts include those formed with both organic and inorganic acids. Such acid addition salts will normally be pharmaceutically acceptable although salts of non-pharmaceutically acceptable acids may be of utility in the preparation and purification of the compound in question. Thus, preferred salts include those formed from hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, phosphoric, citric, tartaric, lactic, pyruvic, acetic, succinic, fumaric, maleic, methanesulfonic and benzenesulfonic acids.

According to a particular aspect, the present disclosure provides the use of the compounds of Formulae (I), (Ia) or related embodiments here-described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as a medicament. The present disclosure thus relates to a compound of Formulae (I), (Ia) or related embodiments here-described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as a medicament.

According to another aspect, the present disclosure provides the use of the compounds of Formulae (I), (Ia) or related embodiments here-described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the treatment or prophylaxis of parasitic diseases. The present disclosure thus relates to a compound of Formulae (I), (Ia) or related embodiments here-described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of parasitic diseases. The compound of the present disclosure is thus understood as being used for the manufacture of a medicament.

The pharmaceutically acceptable salts here mentioned are those commonly used in the pharmaceutical field. They include for example the salts derived from organic or inorganic pharmaceutical acids such as adipate, bisulfate, camphorate, acetate, citrate, benzoate, sulfonate, succinate, propionate, phosphate as well as related derivatives and mixture thereof.

The parasitic diseases preferably denotes tropical parasitic diseases and more preferably neglected tropical diseases. The parasitic diseases thus include malaria, caused for example by one of plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale, plasmodium malariae and Leishmaniasis, caused for example by L. tropica, L. guyanensis, L. panamensis, L. donovani, L. chagasi, L. infantum, L. mexicana, L. amazonesis, L. venezuelensis, L. braziliensis, L. peruviana, L. aetiopica, parasites, or of subgenius of Viannia,
In a most preferred embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a compound of Formulae (I), (Ia) or related embodiments here-described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of Leishmania spp. dependent disease conditions. This includes Visceral Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, and any Leishmania dependent symptoms and complications such as splenomegaly, irregular fevers, anaemia, pancytopenia, weight loss, skin lesion, internal organ lesions, papules or nodular plaques, ulcerative lesions and weakness.

According to another aspect, the present compounds Formulae (I), (Ia) or related embodiments here-described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are used alone or in combination with one or more known drugs, such as meglumine antimoniate, sodium stibogluconate (SSG), liposomal amphotericin B, paromomycin sulfate, and miltefosine.

The present compounds Formulae (I), (Ia) or related embodiments here-described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be used or administered in combination with one or more other treatment selected from the group consisting of hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, quinine sulfate, doxycycline, tetracycline, clindamycin, primaquine, and quinidine gluconate.

When administered in combination with another known drug, or another combination of known drugs, the compounds of the present disclosure may be physically combined with such known drugs into an appropriate form such as a pill, a topical formulation, an injectable solution or any other suitable form. Alternatively, the compound of the present disclosure may be used in combination with another known drugs in a form different from the one of the combined drug or drugs.

When combined to another medical treatment, the compounds here-disclosed may be administer to the patient either simultaneously, alternatively, or consequently to such other treatments.

Alternatively or in addition, the compounds of the present disclosure may be used in combination with drugs used for other medical indications. For example, the compounds of the present invention may be used in combination with drugs used as antiinflammatory, anti-coagulant, antibiotics, anti-cancers, or for immune related diseases.

For the above-mentioned therapeutic indications, the dose of the compound to be administered may depend on different parameter such as the specific compound employed, the specific disease being treated, in particular whether it related to Visceral Leishmaniasis or Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, the mode of administration, the age, weight and sex of the patient. Such factors may be determined by the attending physician.

The administration may be done once or twice a day, or up to <NUM> times a day, on a period of time comprised between few days such as <NUM> or <NUM> days or a week up to several months such as two, three or four months. The dosage regimen may depend on whether it related to preventive or curative application.

In general, satisfactory results are obtained when the compounds are administered to a human at a daily dosage of between <NUM>/kg to <NUM>/kg (measured as the active ingredient).

According to another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds here-described. In particular, compounds of formula (I) and related embodiments may be used on their own, as a combination with another pharmacologically active ingredient, or in the form of appropriate pharmaceutical formulations comprising the compound of the invention or a salt thereof in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, buffer, adjuvant, excipient or carrier.

Particularly preferred are compositions not containing material capable of causing an adverse reaction, for example, an allergic reaction. The pharmaceutical composition may be adapted for an acceptable mode of administration such as rectal, buccal, topical, intranasal and transdermal administration. The formulation thus relates to one of the routes including intra-arterial injection, intravenous injection, intraperitoneal injection, parenteral injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, oral, topical or inhalant. Depending on the selected route of administration, the present pharmaceutical formulation may take the form of an aqueous suspension, oil suspension, emulsion, tablet, pill, powder, elixir, solution, syrup, aerosol or capsule. The formulation may be adapted for quick release of the compound of the present invention or for delayed released or for sustained release. It may thus comprise adapted carriers such as nanoparticles, zeolites, polymer matrix assemblies, polymer coating and related additives.

According to another aspect, the present invention also provides a kit comprising the compounds of formula (I) or of related embodiments here-described. Such a kit further includes instructions regarding the use or administration of the compound. Instructions may be printed or accessible through a website. Instruction comprises at least the name of the compound and the dosage. It may in addition comprise conditions for prophylaxis or treatment of one parasitic disease mentioned above. The kit may in addition comprise a device adapted for the administration of the compound of the present disclosure according to the instructions, such as an injection device, or an auto-injection device, either manual or automatized.

According to an aspect, the patient is a human patient, either male or female. According to another aspect, the disclosed compound is administered to non-human mammals including an animal model, a domestic animal such as cows, sheep, cats, dogs, pigs, rabbits, or a wild animal such as rats, mice, or monkeys. The human patient or the non-human mammal may be healthy and considered at risk of being infected by one of the above-mentioned diseases. Alternatively, the human patient or the non-human mammal may be already infected by one of the above-mentioned diseases and in need of an appropriate treatment. Alternatively or in addition, the human patient or the non-human mammal may experience drug resistance in the treatment of one of the above-mentioned disease and in need of an alternative or combined treatment.

In a further aspect the invention provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (l), (Ia) or related embodiments here-described. The process comprises the step of reacting an Intermediate of formula (II):
<CHM>.

The coupling reaction between the intermediate of Formula (II) and the intermediate of Formula (III) results in a pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-amine derivative of Formula (IV).

Wherein P<NUM>, P<NUM> and P<NUM> are as defined for the intermediate of Formula (II) and wherein X, Y, R<NUM>, R<NUM> and R<NUM> are as above-defined for formulae (I), (Ia) and related embodiments.

The process may optionally comprise a further step of reacting the resulting pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-amine derivative of Formula (IV) with suitable derivatives under suitable reaction condition so as to replace, where necessary, the groups P<NUM>, P<NUM> and P<NUM> with another group corresponding to R<NUM> and R<NUM> in such a way to obtain a compound of formula (I), (Ia) or related embodiment. This further step may comprise several successive appropriate reaction steps. In particular, the process comprises such a further step when at least one of P<NUM>, P<NUM> and P<NUM> is different from the expected group R<NUM> and R<NUM>. The suitable derivatives and reaction conditions may be determined by the skilled practitioner according to the nature of the groups R<NUM> and R<NUM>.

All reagents and solvents were used as received from the manufacturer. All reactions were performed open to air unless an inert atmosphere is noted.

Analytical thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed using Sil G/UV <NUM> aluminium plates and visualized with the aid of UV light if not otherwise noted.

Normal phase flash column chromatography was conducted on either an Argonaut Flashmaster II system or a Grace Reveleris X2 Flash Instrument using disposable cartridges packed with silica gel <NUM> (<NUM>-<NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM> mesh ASTM). Reverse phase chromatography was conducted on a Grace Reveleris X2 Flash Instrument using disposable C18 cartridges with variable water/acetonitrile gradients (acidic modifier <NUM>% trifluoroacetic acid was typically used). Chromatography grade solvents were used in both cases.

Analytical high performance liquid chromatography was performed on an Agilent <NUM> HPLC system fitted with a Quaternary Pump, a Diode Array Detector (UV), and an Agilent Zorbax XDB-C8 column (<NUM> × <NUM>, <NUM>). A typical gradient of <NUM>% to <NUM>% acetonitrile (+ <NUM>% TFA) in water (+ <NUM>% TFA) was used.

LC/MS analysis was performed on an Agilent <NUM> Quadrupole LCMS system (ESI scanning mode, both positive and negative ions of <NUM> to <NUM> amu detected with the standard method) with sample delivery via an Agilent <NUM> Infinity HPLC with Quaternary Pump and Variable Wavelength Detector (UV). Column: Agilent ZORBAX SB-C8, <NUM> x <NUM>, <NUM> micron. A gradient of <NUM>% to <NUM>% of acetonitrile (+ <NUM>% formic acid) in water (+ <NUM>% formic acid) at flow rate of <NUM>/min was used for the HPLC separation.

NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker <NUM> Avance III Nanobay spectrometer. NMR spectra are reported in ppm with reference to an internal tetramethylsilane (TMS) standard (<NUM> ppm for <NUM> and 13C) or residual solvent resonances as reported in doi. org/<NUM>/om100106e. When peak multiplicities are reported, the following abbreviations are used: s = singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, q = quartet, m = multiplet, br = broadened, dd = doublet of doublets, dt = doublet of triplets, bs = broadened singlet. Coupling constants, when given, are reported in hertz (Hz).

To a <NUM> round bottom flask was added ethyl-<NUM>-chloroacetoacetate (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and water (<NUM>). The round bottom flask was then placed in a water bath (heat sink) after which sulfuric acid (<NUM>) was added slowly over ~<NUM>. The reaction was then heated to <NUM> for <NUM> until emission of CO2 ceased, the reaction mixture was cooled, and the product extracted into DCM (<NUM>, 3x50 ml). The organic layers were combined, washed with water (2x100 ml), sat. aqueous NaCl (<NUM>), dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and evaporated on a rotary evaporator (room temperature water bath) to give chloroacetone (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as a light-brown liquid.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): <NUM> (s, <NUM>, CH<NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, CH<NUM>).

To a <NUM> round bottom flask was added <NUM>,<NUM>-diamino-<NUM>-hydroxypyrimidine (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), sodium acetate (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and water (<NUM>). The suspension was then heated to <NUM> for <NUM> after which Intermediate <NUM> was added slowly over <NUM> from a dropping funnel. After a further <NUM> at <NUM>, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water (2x100 ml), dried under reduced pressure (<NUM> on a rotary evaporator), then under high vacuum with phosphorus pentoxide to constant weight to give <NUM>-amino-<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-ol (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as a beige solid.

LCMS: Rt <NUM>, m/z: [M+H]+ Calcd for C<NUM>H<NUM>N<NUM>O <NUM>; Found <NUM>.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, DMSO-d6): <NUM> (d, <NUM>, CH<NUM>, J <NUM>), <NUM> (q, <NUM>, ArH, J <NUM>), <NUM> (bs, <NUM>, NH<NUM>), <NUM> (bs, <NUM>, NH/OH), <NUM> (bs, <NUM>, NH/OH).

To a <NUM> round bottom flask were added Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), phosphorus oxychloride (<NUM>) and N,N-dimethylaniline (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). The mixture was heated to reflux for <NUM> after which time the reaction mixture was cooled and excess phosphorus oxychloride was removed under reduced pressure. The remaining material was carefully poured onto <NUM> crushed ice then basified with <NUM>% aqueous ammonia (~<NUM>). The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and dried under high vacuum with phosphorus pentoxide to constant weight to give <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-amine (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as a light brown solid.

LCMS: Rt <NUM>, m/z: [M+H]+ Calcd for C<NUM>H<NUM>ClN<NUM> <NUM>; Found <NUM>.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, DMSO-d6): <NUM> (d, <NUM>, CH<NUM>, J <NUM>), <NUM> (q, <NUM>, ArH, J <NUM>), <NUM> (bs, <NUM>, NH<NUM>), <NUM> (bs (<NUM>, NH).

To a solution of Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) in pyridine in a <NUM> round bottom flask, under a nitrogen atmosphere, was added trimethylacetyl chloride (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) slowly from a nitrogen-purged dropping funnel over a period of <NUM>. After <NUM>, the pyridine was thoroughly evaporated to give a thick resin to which ~<NUM> water was added. The product was manipulated to a solid, collected by filtration with suction and washed with water (3x100 ml). After air drying overnight, the product was transferred to a <NUM> beaker and dried under high vacuum with phosphorus pentoxide until a constant weight was obtained (~<NUM> days), to give N-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethylpropanamide (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as a brown solid.

LCMS: Rt <NUM>, m/z: [M+H]+ Calcd for C<NUM>H<NUM>ClN<NUM>O <NUM>; Found <NUM>.

To a <NUM>, nitrogen-purged round bottom flask was added Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and anhydrous dimethylformamide (<NUM>). After cooling in an ice bath, sodium hydride (<NUM>% in mineral oil) (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) was added portion wise over ~<NUM> then stirred for a further <NUM> before the dropwise addition of <NUM>-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl chloride (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) via a nitrogen-purged dropping funnel over ~<NUM>. After stirring on ice for <NUM>, the reaction mixture was quenched with water (<NUM>) (add slowly) then transferred to a separating funnel (<NUM>). The product was extracted with EtOAc (<NUM>, 4x100 ml). The organic layers were combined, back-washed with water (2x100 ml), dried over MgSO<NUM>, filtered and evaporated. The resulting oil was dissolved in hexane (<NUM>) then poured onto a <NUM> wide, <NUM> long hexane-wet silica plug and eluted with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc:hexane (over ~<NUM>-<NUM>). Fractions containing product (by TLC) were evaporated in a <NUM> round bottom flask to give N-(<NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-SEM-<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethylpropanamide (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as a red oil.

LCMS: Rt <NUM>, m/z: [M+H]+ Calcd for C<NUM>H<NUM>ClN<NUM>O<NUM>S1 <NUM>; Found <NUM>.

The <NUM> round bottom flask containing Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) was sealed then purged with nitrogen before addition of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (<NUM>), <NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-pyrrolidinone (<NUM>, <NUM> mol) and iron(III) acetylacetonate (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). The seal was replaced with a nitrogen-purged dropping funnel from which methyl magnesium bromide (<NUM> in ether) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) was added dropwise over ~<NUM>. After a further <NUM>, <NUM> HCl (<NUM>) was added (caution: add the first ~<NUM> very slowly). The product was then extracted with EtOAc (<NUM>, 3x100 ml) (add extra <NUM> HCl to the separating funnel if a gel appears). The organic layers were combined, back-washed with water (2x150 ml), dried over MgSO<NUM>, filtered and evaporated. The resulting oil was dissolved in DCM (<NUM>) then poured onto a <NUM> wide, <NUM> long hexane-wet silica plug and eluted with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc:hexane (over ~<NUM>) then <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> MeOH:EtOAc (~<NUM> fractions). Fractions containing product (by TLC) were evaporated in a <NUM> round bottom flask to give N-(<NUM>-SEM-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethylpropanamide (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as a red oil.

LCMS: Rt <NUM>, m/z: [M+H]+ Calcd for C<NUM>H<NUM>N<NUM>O<NUM>Si <NUM>; Found <NUM>.

To a solution of Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in dimethylformamide (non-anhydrous) (<NUM>) was added N-iodosuccinimide (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) portionwise over <NUM>. After <NUM>, the reaction was diluted with water (<NUM>) and treated with sodium meta-bisulfite (portion-wise until decolored from iodine). The product was extracted with EtOAc (<NUM>, 4x100 ml). The organic layers were combined, back-washed with <NUM>% sodium bicarbonate (<NUM>), water (2x150 ml), sat. aqueous NaCl (<NUM>), dried over MgSO<NUM>, filtered then evaporated. The resulting solid was dissolved in DCM (<NUM>) and poured onto a <NUM> wide, <NUM> long hexane-wet silica plug then eluted with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc:hexane (over ~<NUM>-<NUM>). Fractions containing product (by TLC) were evaporated in a <NUM> round bottom flask to give N-(<NUM>-iodo-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-SEM-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethylpropanamide (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as a cream solid.

LCMS: Rt <NUM>, m/z: [M+H]+ Calcd for C<NUM>H<NUM>IN<NUM>O<NUM>Si <NUM>; Found <NUM>.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): -<NUM> (s, <NUM>, 3xCH<NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>, CH<NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, 3xCH<NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, CH<NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, CH<NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>, CH<NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, CH<NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, NH).

To a <NUM> round bottom flask was added Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), MeOH (<NUM>) and <NUM> sodium hydroxide (<NUM>). After heating at reflux for <NUM>, the reaction was concentrated to about half the volume then diluted with water (<NUM>). After cooling in an ice bath, the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and dried under high vacuum with phosphorus pentoxide to constant weight to give <NUM>-SEM-<NUM>-iodo-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-amine (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as a straw-yellow solid.

LCMS: Rt <NUM>, m/z: [M+H]+ Calcd for C<NUM>H<NUM>IN<NUM>OSi <NUM>; Found <NUM>.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): -<NUM> (s, <NUM>, 3xCH<NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>, CH<NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, CH<NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, CH<NUM>), <NUM>-<NUM> (m, <NUM>, CH<NUM>), <NUM> (bs, <NUM>, NH<NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, CH<NUM>).

To a <NUM>, oven dried round bottom flask was added <NUM>-bromo-<NUM>-methoxybenzonitrile (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboran (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and potassium acetate (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). After purging with nitrogen, anhydrous dioxane was added and the solution was bubbled with nitrogen for ~<NUM>, while stirring, before addition of Pd(dppf)Cl<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). After heating at <NUM> for <NUM>, the reaction was quenched with water (<NUM>) and extracted with EtOAc (<NUM>, 4x50 ml). The organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO<NUM>, filtered then concentrated to ~<NUM> on a rotary evaporator. The oil was diluted with hexane (<NUM>) and poured onto a <NUM> wide, <NUM> long, hexane-wet silica plug and eluted with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc:hexane (~<NUM> fractions). Fractions containing product (by TLC) were evaporated to give <NUM>-cyano-<NUM>-methoxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester (Intermediated <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as a white solid.

LCMS: Rt <NUM> (boronic acid), <NUM> (pinacol ester) min, m/z: [M-H]- Calcd for C<NUM>H<NUM>BNO<NUM> <NUM> (boronic acid fragment); Found <NUM>.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): <NUM> (s, <NUM>, 4xCH<NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, CH<NUM>), <NUM> (d, <NUM>, ArH, J <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, <NUM>, ArH, J <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, <NUM>, ArH, J <NUM>).

To a <NUM> oven-dried round bottom flask was added <NUM>-bromo-<NUM>-fluorophenol (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), anhydrous MgCl<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and paraformaldehyde (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). The round bottom flask was then sealed and purged with nitrogen before addition of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (<NUM>). The seal was replaced with a nitrogen-purged dropping funnel from which triethylamine (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) was added slowly over five minutes. The reaction was then heated to <NUM> for <NUM> after which the reaction was immersed in a water bath (heat sink) before the slow addition of sodium hydroxide (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) in water (<NUM>) followed by the dropwise addition of hydrogen peroxide (<NUM>% in water) (<NUM>), via a dropping funnel, over <NUM>. After <NUM>, the reaction was acidified with <NUM>% HCl to pH ~<NUM> then extracted with ether (<NUM>, <NUM> x <NUM>). The combined organic layers were washed with <NUM>% sodium sulfite (<NUM> x <NUM>), saturated NaCl (<NUM>), dried over MgSO<NUM>, filtered, evaporated on silica (~<NUM>) then subjected to flash chromatography with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc:hexane (<NUM> silica). Fractions containing desired product (TLC) were evaporated to give <NUM>-bromo-<NUM>-fluorobenzene-<NUM>,<NUM>-diol (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as a yellow oil.

LCMS: Rt <NUM>, m/z: [M-H]- Calcd for C6H4BrFO2 <NUM>; Found <NUM>.

To a <NUM> round bottom flask was added Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), cesium carbonate (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and dimethylformamide (<NUM>). The reaction was allowed to stir for <NUM> minutes while purging with nitrogen before addition of chloroiodomethane (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). The reaction was then heated to <NUM> for <NUM> after which the dimethylformamide was evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was partitioned between EtOAc (<NUM>) and water (<NUM>). The organic layer was separated and washed with <NUM>% sodium carbonate (<NUM>), water (<NUM> x <NUM>), saturated NaCl (<NUM>), dried over MgSO<NUM>, filtered, evaporated on silica (~<NUM>) then subjected to flash chromatography with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc:hexane (<NUM> silica). Fractions containing product were evaporated to give <NUM>-bromo-<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>,<NUM>-benzodioxole (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as a white solid.

GCMS: Rt <NUM>, m/z: [M]+ Calcd for C13H16BFO4 <NUM>; Found <NUM>.

To a <NUM>, oven dried round bottom flask was added Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboran (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and potassium acetate (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). After purging with nitrogen, anhydrous dioxane was added then bubbled with nitrogen for ~<NUM>, while stirring at room temp, before addition of Pd(dppf)Cl<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). After heating at <NUM> for <NUM>, the reaction was quenched with water (<NUM>) and extracted with EtOAc (<NUM>, <NUM> x <NUM>). The organic layers were then combined, washed with saturated NaCl (<NUM>), dried over MgSO<NUM>, filtered, evaporated on silica (~<NUM>) then subjected to flash chromatography with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc:hexane (<NUM> silica). Fractions containing product (TLC) were evaporated to give <NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>,<NUM>-benzodioxole-<NUM>-boronic acid pinacol ester (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as a white solid.

To a solution of compound <NUM>,<NUM>-dichloro-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidine (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM> eq) in THF (<NUM>) was cooled to <NUM>-<NUM>. The mixture was added NaH (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>% purity, <NUM> eq) in portions, then, the mixture was stirred for <NUM> at <NUM>-<NUM>. SEM-Cl (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) was added drop wise into the mixture and stirred for <NUM>. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>, product Rf <NUM>) showed the starting material was consumed completely. The mixture was poured into NH<NUM>Cl(aq) (<NUM>) solution and extracted with MTBE (<NUM> × <NUM>). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (<NUM> × <NUM>), dried over with Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica, petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM>) to obtain compound <NUM>,<NUM>-dichloro-<NUM>-SEM-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidine (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, crude) as light-yellow oil.

To a solution of compound Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM> eq) in THF (<NUM>) was cooled to -<NUM>, and then, LDA (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) was added drop wise into the mixture. After stirred for <NUM>, CH<NUM>I (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) was added into the mixture, and stirred for <NUM> at -<NUM>. LCMS (product: Rt <NUM>) showed the starting material was consumed completely and desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was quenched with NH<NUM>Cl(aq) solution (<NUM>), diluted with EtOAc (<NUM>). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (<NUM> × <NUM>). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (<NUM> × <NUM>), dried with Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. <NUM>,<NUM>-dichloro-<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-SEM-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidine (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, crude) was obtained as red oil.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>).

To a solution of compound Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM> eq) in THF (<NUM>) was added Fe(ACAC)<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM> eq). The mixture was cooled to -<NUM>, and MeMgBr (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) was added drop wise into the mixture. The mixture was stirred for <NUM> at -<NUM>. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>, product Rf <NUM>) showed the starting material was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was quenched with NH<NUM>Cl(aq) (<NUM>), diluted with EtOAc (<NUM>). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (<NUM> × <NUM>). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (<NUM> × <NUM>), dried with Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica, petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM>) to obtain compound <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-SEM-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidine (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>% yield) as yellow oil.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>)
<CHM>.

A mixture of compound Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM> eq) and PMBNH<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) was stirred at <NUM> for <NUM>. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>, product Rf <NUM>) showed the starting material was consumed completely, and desired m/z was detected by LCMS (product: Rt <NUM>). The reaction mixture was washed with <NUM> HCl solution (<NUM> × <NUM>) and extracted with EtOAc (<NUM> × <NUM>). The combined organic phase was adjusted pH to <NUM>~<NUM> with NaHCO<NUM>(aq) solution and the washed with brine (<NUM> × <NUM>), dried with Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was triturated with petroleum ether at <NUM> for <NUM>, then, the mixture was filtered and the filter cake was concentrated in vacuum to obtain N-[(<NUM>-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-SEM-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-amine (Intermediate <NUM>)(<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>% yield) as yellow solid.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, J <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>).

To a solution of compound Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) in DMF (<NUM>) was added NIS (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) portion wise. The mixture was stirred for <NUM> at <NUM>. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>, product Rf <NUM>) showed the starting material was consumed completely. The mixture was poured into water (<NUM>) and extracted with EtOAc (<NUM> × <NUM>). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (<NUM> × <NUM>), dried with Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica, petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM>) to obtain compound <NUM>-iodo-N-[(<NUM>-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-SEM-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-amine (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>% purity) as yellow solid.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): <NUM> (d, J <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (d, J <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (t, J <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>).

To a solution of Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) and Boc<NUM>O (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) in THF (<NUM>) was cooled to -<NUM> under N<NUM>, LiHMDS (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) was added to the mixture slowly, the mixture was stirred at -<NUM> ~ - <NUM> for <NUM>. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>, product Rf <NUM>) showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was added into NH<NUM>Cl(aq) (<NUM>). The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (<NUM> × <NUM>). The combined organic layers were dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, filtered. No further purification. tert-butyl N-(<NUM>-iodo-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-SEM-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-N-[(<NUM>-methoxyphenyl)methyl]carbamate (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, crude) was obtained as yellow oil.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), -<NUM> (m, <NUM>)
<CHM>.

To a mixture of <NUM>-chloropyrazin-<NUM>-amine (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM> eq) in CHCl<NUM> (<NUM>) was added NCS (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM> eq) in one portion at <NUM> under N<NUM>. The mixture was heated to <NUM> for <NUM>. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>) indicated consumption of starting material and one new spot (Rf <NUM>) formed. The mixture was cooled to <NUM>. The residue was poured into water (<NUM>) and extracted with EtOAc (<NUM> × <NUM>). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (<NUM> × <NUM>), dried with Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was triturated with petroleum ether:EtOAc (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>) at <NUM> for <NUM>, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. <NUM>,<NUM>-dichloropyrazin-<NUM>-amine (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>% yield, <NUM>% purity) was obtained as yellow solid.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (br, <NUM>).

To a mixture of compound Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM> eq) in MeOH (<NUM>) was added NaOMe (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>% purity, <NUM> eq) in one portion at <NUM> under N<NUM>. The mixture was heated to <NUM> and stirred for <NUM>. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>) indicated complete consumption of starting material and one new spot (Rf <NUM>) formed. The mixture was cooled to <NUM>. The residue was poured into water (<NUM>) and extracted with EtOAc (<NUM> × <NUM>). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (<NUM> × <NUM>), dried with Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was triturated (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>, <NUM>) at <NUM> for <NUM>, filtered and concentrated in vacuum to give <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-methoxy-pyrazin-<NUM>-amine (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>% yield, <NUM>% purity) as yellow solid.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (br, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>)
<CHM>.

To a mixture of compound Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq), CH<NUM>I<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) and CuI (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) in THF (<NUM>) was added isoamyl nitrite (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) in one portion at <NUM> under N<NUM>. The mixture was stirred at <NUM> for <NUM>. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>) indicated complete consumption of starting material and one new spot (Rf <NUM>) formed. The mixture was cooled to <NUM>. The residue was poured into water (<NUM>) and extracted with EtOAc (<NUM> × <NUM>). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (<NUM> × <NUM>), dried with Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (column height: <NUM>, diameter: <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM> mesh silica gel, petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM>) to give compound <NUM>-chloro-<NUM>-iodo-<NUM>-methoxy-pyrazine (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>% yield, <NUM>% purity) as yellow solid.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>)
<CHM>.

To a mixture of Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) and <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-trifluoroethanol (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) in THF (<NUM>) at <NUM> ~ <NUM> under N<NUM>, then t-BuOK (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) was added portion wise. The mixture was stirred at <NUM> for <NUM>. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>, Intermediate <NUM> Rf <NUM>) showed the remaining starting material, two spots (main spot Rf <NUM>) were formed, and desired mass was detected by LCMS. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc (<NUM> × <NUM>) and water (<NUM>). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (<NUM> × <NUM>). The organic phase was separated, dried with Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (column height: <NUM>, diameter: <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM> mesh silica gel, petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM>) to give <NUM>-iodo-<NUM>-methoxy-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazine (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>% yield, <NUM>% purity) as yellow solid.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>)
<CHM>.

To a solution of TMEDA (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) in THF (<NUM>), N-butyllithium (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) was dropped wise added over 1hr at -<NUM>- -<NUM> under nitrogen atmosphere, then <NUM>,<NUM>-dimethoxybenzene (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) was dropped wise added into the mixture over 1hr at -<NUM> - <NUM>, and Br<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) was dropped wise added into the mixture over <NUM> at -<NUM> to - <NUM> under nitrogen atmosphere. It was kept stirring for <NUM> at <NUM>. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>) showed remaining starting material and a new spot (Rf <NUM>) was formed. The mixture was poured into Na<NUM>SO<NUM>(aq) solution (<NUM>) under adequate stirring, extracted with MTBE (<NUM> × <NUM>), the combined organic phase was washed with brine (<NUM> × <NUM>), dried with Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, then filtered, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give brown liquid. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>, Rf <NUM>). The product <NUM>-bromo-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethoxy-benzene (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>% yield) was obtained as a colourless liquid.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): <NUM> (dd, J <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J <NUM>, <NUM>)
<CHM>.

To a solution of compound Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM> eq) in DCM (<NUM>) was added a solution of BBr<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) in DCM (<NUM>) at <NUM>. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at <NUM> for <NUM>. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>) indicated complete consumption of starting material and one new spot formed. The reaction was quenched with MeOH (<NUM>) at <NUM>. Then poured into H<NUM>O (<NUM>) and extracted with DCM (<NUM> × <NUM>). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (<NUM>), dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM> and concentrated to give the crude product. The crude product was used directly without purification for next step. <NUM>-bromobenzene-<NUM>,<NUM>-diol (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>% yield) was obtained as a brown liquid.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): <NUM> (d, J <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, J <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>)
<CHM>.

Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) was dissolved in ACN (<NUM>), MgCl<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq), Et<NUM>N (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq), HCHO (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) and DMAP (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) was added, the mixture was heated to <NUM>-<NUM> and stirred at <NUM>-<NUM> for <NUM> under nitrogen atmosphere. LCMS showed <NUM>% starting material remaining. Two equal batches were combined and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to <NUM> with <NUM> HCl (aq) (<NUM>), then was extracted with EtOAc (<NUM> × <NUM>), the organic phase was combined and washed with brine (<NUM> × <NUM>), dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM> and concentrated in vacuum to give a residue. The residue was suspended in petroleum (<NUM>) and EtOAc (<NUM>), the mixture was heated to <NUM> and stirred for <NUM>, then was cooled to <NUM> and stirred for <NUM>. The solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuum. <NUM>-bromo-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>% yield) was obtained as a yellow solid.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, DMSO-d6): <NUM> (d, J <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>)
<CHM>.

Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM> eq) was suspended in H<NUM>O (<NUM>) and CH<NUM>COOH (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq), sulfamic acid (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM> eq) was added portion wise and the mixture was heated to <NUM> and stirred for <NUM>. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>, Rf <NUM>) showed compound <NUM> was consumed completely. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to <NUM> with NaHCO<NUM>, the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (<NUM> × <NUM>), the organic phase was combined and washed with brine(<NUM> × <NUM>), dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM> and concentrated in vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was suspended in petroleum (<NUM>) and stirred at <NUM> for <NUM>, the solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuum. <NUM>-bromo-<NUM>,<NUM>-dihydroxy-benzonitrile (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>% yield) was obtained as a brown solid.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, DMSO-d6): <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>)
<CHM>.

Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM> eq) was dissolved in DMF (<NUM>), CH<NUM>I<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) and K<NUM>CO<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM> eq) was added, the mixture was heated to <NUM> and stirred for <NUM> under nitrogen atmosphere. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>, Rf <NUM>) showed the reaction was completed. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum and the residue was added EtOAc (<NUM>) and water (<NUM>), the mixture was filtered and the filtration was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc(<NUM> × <NUM>), the organic phase was combined and washed with brine (<NUM> × <NUM>), dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM> and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was suspended in MTBE (<NUM>) and stirred at <NUM> for <NUM>, the solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuum. <NUM>-bromo-<NUM>,<NUM>-benzodioxole-<NUM>-carbonitrile (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>% yield) was obtained as a brown solid.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, DMSO-d6): <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>)
<CHM>.

Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) was dissolved in <NUM>,<NUM>-dioxane (<NUM>), KOAc (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM> eq) and Pin<NUM>B<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) was added, the mixture was degassed with nitrogen in vacuum cycles for three times and Pd(dppf)Cl<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) was added, the mixture was degassed with nitrogen in vacuum cycles for three times and was heated to <NUM> and stirred for <NUM>. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>, Rf <NUM>) showed the reaction was complete. The mixture was cooled to <NUM> and filtered, the filtration was concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM>, Rf <NUM>). <NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetramethyl-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-dioxaborolan-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-benzodioxole-<NUM>-carbonitrile (Intermediate <NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>% yield) was obtained as an off-white solid, which was confirmed by <NUM>H NMR. <NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, DMSO-d6): <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>).

To a <NUM> round bottom flask was added Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM>. 8mmol) and potassium carbonate (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). After purging with nitrogen, dioxane (<NUM>) and water (<NUM>) were added and the solution was bubbled with nitrogen for ~<NUM>, while stirring, before addition of Pd(PPh<NUM>)<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). After heating at <NUM> overnight, the reaction was concentrated to about half the volume, diluted with water (<NUM>), then extracted with EtOAc (<NUM>, 2x50 ml). The organic layers were combined, washed with sat. aqueous NaCl (2x100 ml), dried over MgSO<NUM>, filtered and concentrated to about <NUM>. The residue was diluted with hexane (<NUM>), poured onto a 9x9 cm hexane-wet silica plug and eluted with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> hexane:EtOAc (~<NUM> fractions). Fractions containing product (by TLC) were evaporated to give an oil which solidified when drying under high vacuum to give <NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-SEM-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-methoxybenzonitrile (1a) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as a light brown solid (contains ~<NUM>% triphenylphosphine oxide by LCMS).

To a <NUM> round bottom flask was added 1a (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), DCM (<NUM>) and trifluoroacetic acid (<NUM>). After stirring at room temp for <NUM>, the solvent was evaporated. To the resulting residue was added dioxane (<NUM>) and ethylenediamine (<NUM>), which was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue taken up in EtOAc (<NUM>), washed with water (<NUM>), sat. aqueous NaCl (<NUM>), dried over MgSO<NUM>, filtered and concentrated to ~<NUM>. The resulting slurry was poured onto a 9x9 cm EtOAc-wet silica plug and eluted with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> MeOH:EtOAc (~<NUM> fractions). Fractions containing product (by TLC) were evaporated to give <NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-methoxybenzonitrile (C1) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as a white solid.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, DMSO-d6): <NUM> (s, <NUM>, Ar-CH<NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, Ar-CH<NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, O-CH<NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, NH<NUM>), <NUM> (d, <NUM>, ArH, J <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, <NUM>, ArH, J <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (d, <NUM>, ArH, J <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, NH).

<NUM>C{<NUM>H}-NMR (<NUM>, DMSO-d<NUM>,): <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>.

To a <NUM> round bottom flask was added Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and potassium carbonate (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). After purging with nitrogen, dioxane (<NUM>) and water (<NUM>) were added then the solution was bubbled with nitrogen for ~<NUM> before addition of Pd(PPh<NUM>)<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol). After heating at <NUM> for overnight, the reaction was concentrated to about half the volume then partitioned between EtOAc (<NUM>) and water (<NUM>). The organic layer was washed with saturated NaCl (<NUM>), dried over MgSO<NUM>, filtered, evaporated on silica (~<NUM>) then subjected to flash chromatography with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc:hexane (<NUM> silica). Fractions containing product (TLC) were evaporated to give <NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>,<NUM>-benzodioxol-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-SEM-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-amine (2a) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as a pale-yellow oil.

LCMS: Rt <NUM>, m/z: [M+H]+ Calcd for C21H27FN4O3Si <NUM>; Found <NUM>.

To a <NUM> round bottom flask was added 2a (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), DCM (<NUM>) and trifluoroacetic acid (<NUM>). After stirring at room temp for <NUM>, the solvent was evaporated. To the resulting residue was added dioxane (<NUM>) and ethylenediamine (<NUM>), which was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was then evaporated and the residue taken up in EtOAc (<NUM>), washed with water (<NUM>), saturated NaCl (<NUM>), dried over MgSO<NUM>, filtered, evaporated on silica (~<NUM>) then subjected to flash chromatography with <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM> EtOAc:hexane (<NUM> silica). Fractions containing product (TLC) were evaporated to give <NUM>-(<NUM>-fluoro-<NUM>,<NUM>-benzodioxol-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-amine (C2) (<NUM>, <NUM>%) as an off-white solid.

LCMS: Rt <NUM>, m/z: [M+H]+ Calcd for C15H13FN4O2 <NUM>; Found <NUM>.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, DMSO-d6): <NUM> (s, <NUM>, Ar-CH3), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, NH2), <NUM> (d, <NUM>, CH2, J <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, <NUM>, ArH, J <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (dd, <NUM>, ArH, J <NUM>, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>, NH).

To a solution of Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) and <NUM>-isopropoxy-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetramethyl-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-dioxaborolane (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) in THF (<NUM>) was cooled to -<NUM> under N<NUM>, i-PrMgCl-LiCl (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) was added to the mixture slowly, the mixture was stirred at -<NUM> ~ -<NUM> for <NUM>. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>, product Rf <NUM>) showed the starting material was consumed completely. The reaction mixture was added into saturated aqueous NH<NUM>Cl (<NUM>). The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (<NUM> × <NUM>). The combined organic layers were dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, filtered and concentrated on vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (column height: <NUM>, diameter: <NUM>, <NUM> - <NUM> mesh silica gel, petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM>) to give compound tert-butyl N-[<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetramethyl-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-dioxaborolan-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-SEM-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]-N-[(<NUM>-methoxyphenyl)methyl]carbamate (3a) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>% yield, <NUM>% purity) as yellow oil.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (m, <NUM>).

A mixture of compound 3a (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq), Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq), Pd(dppf)Cl<NUM>. CH<NUM>Cl<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq), K<NUM>PO<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) and H<NUM>O (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) in dioxane (<NUM>) was degassed and purged with N<NUM> for <NUM> times, and then the mixture was stirred at <NUM> for <NUM> under N<NUM> atmosphere. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM>, product Rf <NUM>) showed the starting material was consumed completely. The mixture was added water (<NUM>), extracted with EtOAc (<NUM> × <NUM>), washed with brine (<NUM> × <NUM>), dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, filtered and concentrated on vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (column height: <NUM>, diameter: <NUM>, <NUM> - <NUM> mesh silica gel, petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM>) to give tert-butyl N-[(<NUM>-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[<NUM>-[<NUM>-methoxy-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-SEM-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]carbamate (3b) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>% yield, <NUM>% purity) as yellow oil.

<NUM>H-NMR (<NUM>, CDCl<NUM>): <NUM> - <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> (s, <NUM>), <NUM> - <NUM> (m, <NUM>), -<NUM> (s, <NUM>).

A mixture of compound 3b (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq), TFA (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) and DCM (<NUM>) was stirred at <NUM> for <NUM>. The reaction solution was concentrated on vacuum. The residue was added to NH<NUM>(aq) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq) and stirred at <NUM> for <NUM>. LCMS showed that 3b was completely consumed and the desired mass was detected. The mixture was filtered and the solid concentrated in vacuum. The solid was dissolved in DCM (<NUM>) and aqueous phase removed. The combined organic phase was dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Synergi Max-RP <NUM> × <NUM> × <NUM>; mobile phase: [water (<NUM>% TFA)-ACN]; B%:<NUM>%-<NUM>%, <NUM>). <NUM>-[<NUM>-methoxy-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-amine trifluoracetic acid salt (C3 TFA salt) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>% yield, <NUM>% purity, TFA salt) was obtained as off-white solid.

Combined batches of C3 TFA salt was dissolved in DCM (<NUM>) and pH adjusted to <NUM> ~ <NUM> by sat. NaHCO<NUM> solution. The combined organic phase was washed with brine (<NUM> × <NUM>), dried with Na<NUM>SO<NUM>, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. Compound <NUM>-[<NUM>-methoxy-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-trifluoroethoxy)pyrazin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-amine (C3) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>% yield, <NUM>% purity) was obtained as off-white solid.

Two equal batches containing Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) and Intermediate <NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) was dissolved in DMSO (<NUM>), Na<NUM>CO<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) was added, the mixture was degassed with nitrogen in vacuum cycles for three times and Pd(dppf)Cl<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) was added, the mixture was degassed with nitrogen in vacuum cycles for three times and was heated to <NUM> and stirred for <NUM> under nitrogen atmosphere. LCMS showed the reaction was complete and the desired mass was detected, and the mixture was cooled to <NUM>. The two equal batches were combined and filtered, the filtration was added water (<NUM>) and extracted with EtOAc (<NUM> × <NUM>), the organic phase was combined and washed with brine (<NUM> × <NUM>), dried over Na<NUM>SO<NUM> and concentrated in vacuum to give a residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica, petroleum ether:EtOAc <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM>, Rf <NUM>). <NUM>-[<NUM>-[(<NUM>-methoxyphenyl)-methylamino]-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl]-<NUM>,<NUM>-benzodioxole-<NUM>-carbonitrile (4a) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>% yield, <NUM>% purity) was obtained as a brown oil.

Compound 4a (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM> eq) was dissolved in TFA (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM> eq), the mixture was stirred at <NUM> - <NUM> under nitrogen atmosphere for <NUM>. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum at <NUM> and the residue was dissolved in THF (<NUM>) and NH<NUM>. H<NUM>O (<NUM>, <NUM> mol, <NUM>, <NUM>% purity, <NUM> eq) was added, the mixture was stirred at <NUM>-<NUM> for <NUM>. TLC (DCM:MeOH <NUM>:<NUM>, Rf <NUM>) showed the reaction was complete. The mixture was combined with another equal batch and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (neutral condition, column: Phenomenex Luna C18 <NUM> × <NUM> × <NUM>; mobile phase: Water-ACN; B%: <NUM>%-<NUM>%,<NUM>), the product was suspended in saturated NaHCO<NUM> solution (<NUM>) and DCM (<NUM>), and stirred at <NUM> - <NUM> for <NUM>, the solid was collected by filtration and washed with distilled water (<NUM> × <NUM>) and dried in vacuum. <NUM>-(<NUM>-amino-<NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>-pyrrolo[<NUM>,<NUM>-d]pyrimidin-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-benzodioxole-<NUM>-carbonitrile (C4) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol, <NUM>% yield, <NUM>% purity) was obtained as an off-white solid.

Testing of compounds in in vitro and in vivo model for anti-leishmanial activity are well established, especially for VL. Effects observed in vitro for current drug treatments translates well to in vitro efficacy in animal models of VL who may be used to understand the potential to achieve a beneficial effect in infected patients.

Experimental in vitro models for Leishmaniasis are well described. For example, mouse macrophages infected with spleen derived L. infantum or L. donovani amastigotes obtained from heavily infected donor hamsters may be used to investigate anti-parasite efficacy of investigational VL treatments. The VL drug miltefosine display an in vitro anti-parasitic efficacy for L. infantum and L. donovani infected macrophages of IC<NUM> <NUM> ± <NUM> and <NUM> ± <NUM>, respectively. [<NPL>] The in vitro efficacy of compounds developed for treatment of CL may be investigated in a similar manner using CL associated Leishmania strains.

In vivo models of VL allowing for efficacy testing novel treatments are well developed, in particular mouse and hamster models for VL are frequently being used to assess treatment efficacy of novel anti-infectives. However, these in vivo models differ in how well they reflect the different known leishmaniasis clinical manifestations (that may vary from a localized cutaneous ulcer to skin and mucosa metastatic lesions, or to the colonization of internal organs such as the spleen, liver, and bone marrow) associated with different pathological mechanisms.

Inbred mouse strains such as BALB/c and C57BL/<NUM> mice strains, are susceptible for infection by L. donovani and L. infantum and may thus be used as models to study the acute phase increase of the parasite burden. However, as the infected mouse over the course of <NUM>-<NUM> weeks is able to mount an anti-leishmanial cellular immune response and control the infection mouse models are generally less suited to study effects in the chronic phase of the infection.

It has been shown that many hamster species are susceptible to L. donovani infection, the Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) establishes a good model for VL and provides a more synchronous infection in liver and spleen that can develop into chronic infection more similar to human VL manifestations. Systemic infection of the hamster with L. donovani results in a relentless increase in visceral parasite burden, progressive cachexia, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and ultimately death.

There are currently no validated CL models available to predict the clinical efficacy of novel CL treatments.

To obtain primary peritoneal macrophages, Swiss mice were stimulated by intraperitoneal injection of <NUM> <NUM>% starch in PBS <NUM> prior to cell collection. Animals were euthanized with a CO2 overdose and upon removal of the skin, <NUM> of RPMI-<NUM> (Life Technologies) was injected into the peritoneal cavity to collect the macrophages that were then seeded into <NUM>-well plates at a final concentration of <NUM>,<NUM> cells/well in <NUM>µL of RPMI-<NUM> macrophage medium, supplemented with <NUM>% iFCS, <NUM>% penicillin/streptomycin and <NUM>% L-glutamine (Life technologies). After <NUM>, the cells were infected with spleen derived L. infantum (MHOM/MA(BE)/<NUM>/ITMAP263) or L. donovani (MHOM/ET/<NUM>/L82) amastigotes obtained from heavily infected donor hamsters. The amastigotes were purified using two centrifugation steps and diluted to obtain an infection ratio of <NUM>:<NUM> in RPMI-<NUM> cell culture medium. After incubation for <NUM>, compound dilutions were added. Drug activity was evaluated after a <NUM>-h incubation period without washing of the cells and without renewal of the drugged culture medium. Cells were stained with Giemsa for microscopic evaluation of cellular amastigote burdens. Percentage reduction compared to the burdens in the infected non-treated control wells was used as a measure for drug activity.

MRC-5SV2 cells were cultured in MEM with Earl's salts-medium (Life Technologies) supplemented with L-glutamine, NaHCO3 and <NUM>% inactivated fetal bovine serum (iFCS, Life Technologies). For the cytotoxicity assay, the cells were seeded at a concentration of <NUM>,<NUM> cells/well and <NUM>-fold compound dilutions were added with a highest in-test concentration of <NUM>. After <NUM> days incubation at <NUM> and <NUM>% CO2, resazurin (Sigma Aldrich, Diegem, Belgium) was added for fluorescence reading (Tecan®, GENios) after another <NUM> of incubation. Cell viability was compared to the untreated control wells and the cytotoxic concentration <NUM>% (CC<NUM>) was calculated of each compound.

Anti-leishmanial efficacy data for L. infantum and L. donovani generated for representative compounds are provided in Table <NUM> and <NUM> referenced against miltefosine.

Female Swiss mice (BW ~<NUM>) were purchased from a commercial source (Janvier France) and kept in quarantine for <NUM> week. The animals were housed in group and drinking water was available ad libitum. To harvest peritoneal macrophages, the mice were first stimulated by intraperitoneal injection of <NUM> of starch solution (<NUM>% in PBS). After <NUM>, macrophages were collected in RPMI-<NUM> supplemented with <NUM>% iFCS, <NUM>% penicillin-streptomycin and <NUM>% L-glutamine by peritoneal lavage and immediately distributed in a <NUM>-well plate at a concentration of <NUM>,<NUM> cells/well. The cells were incubated for <NUM> at <NUM> and <NUM> % CO2 to allow cell attachment.

Strains of L. donovani, L. infantum, L. tropica, L. guyanensis and L. panamensis were selected based on their intrinsic susceptibility to the commonly used reference drugs and their geographic distribution. All strains were cultivated in HOMEM promastigote medium and sub-cultured twice weekly. Passage numbers were kept as low as possible to avoid loss of virulence. For infection of the macrophages, metacyclic promastigote cultures were examined light microscopically for the abundant presence of metacyclic promastigotes. Upon counting, promastigotes were centrifuged and diluted in RPMI-<NUM> to the desired concentration. The infection ratio varied based on the ability of the strain to adequately infect the host cells and ranged from <NUM> to <NUM> promastigotes per macrophage. Macrophages were infected by adding <NUM>µL promastigote suspension per well onto the macrophages. When ex vivo amastigotes were available (only for two lab strains), macrophages were infected at a ratio of <NUM>/<NUM>. Cells were incubated in presence of <NUM>% CO2 at <NUM>° for VL strains and at <NUM> for CL strains.

Stock solutions of the DNDi lead compounds were prepared in <NUM>% DMSO at <NUM> and robotically further diluted in water. Miltefosine (MIL) was included as reference and formulated in water at a concentration of <NUM>. The medium was discarded from the plates to remove any residual non-internalized promastigotes and replaced by fresh RPMI-<NUM> medium supplemented with iFBS, P/S and L-glutamine (as described above). Next, a <NUM>-fold dilution series of each lead compound was added to the plate with <NUM> as the highest in test-concentration for the DNDi leads and <NUM> for MIL. The <NUM>-well plates were further incubated at <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM>% CO2. For staining, the culture medium was discarded, and the plates were left to dry for <NUM>-<NUM> hours. The cells were then fixated with methanol for <NUM> minutes and stained with a <NUM>/<NUM> Giemsa dilution in water for <NUM> minutes. The percentage infection-inhibition compared to a positive control (untreated infected macrophages) was microscopically determined and used to calculate the IC<NUM> and IC<NUM> values.

Results showing the anti-infective efficacy in vitro for compounds C1, C3, C4, and miltefosine against clinically isolated strains of L. donovani, L. infantum, gabrielL. tropica, L. guyanensis, and L. panamensis are shown in table <NUM>.

The in vivo efficacy of the compounds C1, C3, C4, and miltefosine was evaluated in a VL hamster model infected with L. The in vivo studies were performed in accordance with the methods described by <NPL>]. Following treatment, the reduction of parasite load vs. control was determined in different body compartments (liver, spleen, and bone marrow) with results presented in Table <NUM>.

Claim 1:
A compound of Formula (I)
<CHM>
Wherein:
- each one of Ra and Rb denotes a group -CH<NUM> or -CF<NUM>;
- Both X and Y denote a carbon atom or both X and Y denote a nitrogen atom when R<NUM> is absent;
- R<NUM> denotes a group selected from -OCH<NUM>, -OCH<NUM>CF<NUM>, -CN, -CF<NUM>, or halogen;
- R<NUM> is present when Y denotes a carbon atom, and denotes a hydrogen atom, or a group -OCH<NUM>,
- R<NUM> denotes a group selected from -OCH<NUM>, -CN, -CF<NUM> or halogen, or
- R<NUM> forms together with R<NUM> a group -OCH<NUM>O- ;
- each one of R<NUM> and R<NUM> denotes a hydrogen atom;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.