Patent Description:
This application claims priority to <CIT> and <CIT>.

Tumor treating fields (TTFields) are low intensity alternating electric fields within the intermediate frequency range, which may be used to treat tumors as described in <CIT>. TTFields are induced non-invasively into a region of interest by transducers placed on the patient's body and applying AC voltages between the transducers. Conventionally, a first pair of transducers and a second pair of transducers are placed on the subject's body. AC voltage is applied between the first pair of transducers for a first interval of time to generate an electric field with field lines generally running in the front-back direction. Then, AC voltage is applied at the same frequency between the second pair of transducers for a second interval of time to generate an electric field with field lines generally running in the right-left direction. The system then repeats this two-step sequence throughout the treatment. <CIT>, <CIT> and <CIT> shows systems and methods for placement placement of TTFields electrodes/transducer arrays. <CIT> shows a method for creating digital three-dimensional reconstruction of human subject's head for therapeutic or diagnostic procedure, involving determining target location on fitted head model based on anatomical landmarks.

The present disclosure
is directed to a method for determining placement positions for transducer arrays on a subject's body for applying tumor treating fields. The method comprises: determining, based on two-dimensional (2D) image data associated with a portion of a subject's body, one or more landmarks and one or more skin surface conditions; determining a representation of the one or more landmarks and the one or more skin surface conditions in three-dimensional (3D) space based on the one or more landmarks and one or more skin surface conditions determined from the 2D image data; determining, based on the representation of the one or more landmarks and the one or more skin surface conditions in 3D space, a plurality of placement positions for one or more transducer arrays on the subject's body for applying tumor treating fields; determining, based on the one or more skin surface conditions in 3D space, one or more recommended placement positions of the plurality of placement positions for the one or more transducer arrays; and outputting an indication of the one or more recommended placement positions for the one or more transducer arrays.

The above aspect of the present disclosure is exemplary, and other aspects and variations will be apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments.

This application describes exemplary methods and system to determine locations of transducer arrays on a subject's body to avoid and/or prevent skin surface conditions. The application of TTFields treatment may cause one or more skin surface conditions. For example, if the placement of one or more transducer arrays is not routinely repositioned relative to a portion of a patient's body, then beneath-array surface conditions may occur at the routine placement site for the one or more transducer arrays.

<FIG> is a flowchart depicting an example method <NUM> of determining placement positions for transducer arrays on a subject's body for applying TTFields. With reference to <FIG>, at step S102, the method <NUM> comprises determining, based on two-dimensional (2D) image data associated with a portion of a subject's body, one or more landmarks and one or more skin surface conditions. In some examples, the 2D image data may be a plurality of images obtained by a user device, e.g., a smartphone, a mobile device, or a computing device. In one example, each image of the plurality of images is associated with a different vantage point relative to the portion of the subject's body. In some examples, the portion of the subject's body is the head. In other examples, the portion of the subject's body is the torso. In one embodiment, the one or more landmarks and one or more skin surface conditions may be automatically determined via object recognition, machine learning, and/or the like. In another embodiment, the one or more landmarks and one or more skin surface conditions may be marked by a user in a user device.

In one example, the one or more landmarks comprise at least one of: an anatomical landmark, a sticker, or a temporary tattoo. As an example, the anatomical landmarks may include body locations, e.g., head, bones/ligaments, joints, and/or facial expression points (e.g., eyes, nose, eyebrows, etc.). In another example, the one or more skin surface conditions comprise at least one of: a skin irritation, a skin reaction, a scar tissue, a surgical site, or an area of medical device implantation. As an example, the one or more skin surface conditions may be beneath-array skin irritations, skin reactions, scar tissue, surgical sites, areas of medical device implantation (e.g., an Ommata reservoir, cranioplasty, or electrode implantation), and/or any other dermatologic occurrence. The beneath-array skin irritation may be a result of prolonged/extended TTFields treatment where the placement of transducer arrays has not been routinely repositioned. As an example, the beneath-array skin irritation may be a skin reaction, hyperhidrosis, xerosis, pruritus, skin erosion/ulcer, infection, and/or the like.

At step S104, the method <NUM> comprises determining a representation of the one or more landmarks and the one or more skin surface conditions in three-dimensional (3D) space. Determining the representation of the one or more landmarks and the one or more skin surface conditions in 3D space may include applying a projection matrix to one or more 2D coordinates associated with the one or more landmarks and the one or more skin surface conditions.

At step S106, the method <NUM> comprises determining, based on the representation of the one or more landmarks and the one or more skin surface conditions in 3D space, a plurality of placement positions for one or more transducer arrays on the subject's body for applying TTFields. In one embodiment, the transducer array comprises a plurality of coupled electrodes. In another embodiment, the transducer array comprises a plurality of non-coupled electrodes. In one example, the transducer is a plurality of ceramic disks. In another example, the transducer is a polymer film.

In another embodiment, additional image data associated with the portion of the subject's body may be used to generate and/or determine 3D points and/or coordinates. As an example, the additional image data may comprise medical imaging data, e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, x-ray computed tomography (x-ray CT) data, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) image data, and/or positron emission tomography (PET) data.

At step S108, the method <NUM> comprises determining, based on the one or more skin surface conditions in 3D space, one or more recommended placement positions of the plurality of placement positions for the one or more transducer arrays. In one embodiment, two of the recommended placement positions differ by at least one of the following: locations on the subject's body to place the one or more transducer arrays; sizes of electrodes of the one or more transducer arrays; shapes of the one or more transducer arrays; or orientations of the one or more transducer arrays. As an example, two of the recommended placement positions differ by the transducer array rotated by approximately <NUM> degrees to approximately <NUM> degrees around a centroid of the transducer array when compared to each other. As another example, at least one of the recommended placement positions comprises cutting away a portion of a bandage of one of the transducer arrays of the recommended placement position. As another example, at least one of the recommended placement positions comprises removing an electrode or part of an electrode of one of the transducer arrays of the recommended placement position. Examples of these embodiments regarding the recommended placement positions are illustrated in <FIG>, which is discussed further below.

In one embodiment, the one or more recommended placement positions may be determined based on an overlap with the one or more skin surface conditions. In one example, the one or more transducer arrays of the one or more recommended placement positions do not overlap with the one or more skin surface conditions. For example, each electrode of the one or more transducer arrays of the one or more recommended placement positions does not overlap with the one or more skin surface conditions. In another example, at least one electrode of the one or more transducer arrays of the one or more recommended placement positions partially overlaps with the one or more skin surface conditions. In this example, the method <NUM> may further comprise determining and outputting a percentage of overlap between the one or more skin surface conditions and each of the one or more transducer arrays of the one or more recommended placement positions.

In another embodiment, the one or more recommended placement positions may be determined further based on a calculated power density delivered to a tumor location in the subject's body for each of the plurality of placement positions. The power density of the TTFields may be used to represent the TTFields dose delivered to the corresponding region of interest, e.g., the tumor location.

In one embodiment, the method <NUM> may further comprise ranking the plurality of placement positions. In some examples, ranking the plurality of placement positions may be based on at least one of: a calculated power density delivered to a tumor location in the subject's body for each placement position; a percentage of overlap between the skin surface conditions and a bandage of each transducer array of each placement position; or a percentage of overlap between the skin surface conditions and each electrode of each transducer array of each placement position. As an example, the one or more recommended transducer placement positions may be determined (step S108) based on the ranking of the plurality of placement positions.

At step S110, the method <NUM> comprises outputting an indication of the one or more recommended placement positions for the one or more transducer arrays. In one embodiment, the indication of the one or more recommended placement positions is output to a user device. In some embodiments, the indications of the one or more recommended placement positions, the one or more landmarks, and/or the one or more skin surface conditions may be displayed (e.g., superimposed, overlaid, etc.) with an actual image and/or realistic depiction of a user and/or the portion of the user's body.

<FIG> is a flowchart depicting an example method <NUM> of determining locations of transducer arrays on a subject's body for applying TTFields. With reference to <FIG>, at step S202, the method <NUM> comprises receiving, based on 2D image data associated with a portion of a subject's body, an indication of one or more potential skin surface conditions on the subject's body. In one embodiment, the one or more potential skin surface conditions may be one or more of the skin surface conditions discussed at step S102.

At step S204, the method <NUM> comprises receiving an indication that the one or more potential skin surface conditions are associated with one or more skin surface conditions. In one embodiment, the indication that the one or more potential skin surface conditions are associated with one or more skin surface conditions may be determined based on object recognition.

At step S206, the method <NUM> comprises determining, based on the 2D image data received at S202 and the indication that the one or more potential skin surface conditions are associated with the one or more skin surface conditions determined at S204, a representation of the one or more skin surface conditions in three-dimensional (3D) space.

At step S208, the method <NUM> comprises determining, based on the representation of the one or more skin surface conditions in 3D space, one or more recommended locations of transducer arrays on the subject's body for applying TTFields. In one embodiment, the determination of the one or more recommended locations of the transducer arrays is further based on a transducer placement restriction. In one example, the transducer placement restriction restricts the one or more recommended locations based on an overlap of the transducer arrays with the one or more skin surface conditions. As a specific example, the transducer placement restriction includes a threshold of overlapping between the transducer arrays and the one or more skin surface conditions. For example, the transducer placement restriction may require <NUM>% or less of overlapping between the transducer arrays and the one or more skin surface conditions.

At step S210, the method comprises outputting the one or more recommended locations of transducer arrays on the subject's body for applying TTFields to a user device. In one embodiment, the method further comprises generating and sending composite data to a user device. In one example, the composite data comprise a representation of the portion of the subject's body, a representation of at least one skin surface condition, and a representation of at least one recommended location of the transducer array.

<FIG> is a flowchart depicting an example method <NUM> of determining locations of transducer arrays on a subject's body for applying TTFields. With reference to <FIG>, at step S302, the method <NUM> comprises generating, based on two-dimensional (2D) image data of a portion of the subject's body, a three-dimensional (3D) model of the portion of the subject's body. In one embodiment, the 3D model comprises one or more landmarks and one or more skin surface conditions of the subject's body.

At step S304, the method <NUM> comprises determining, based on the generated 3D model, one or more recommended locations of transducer arrays. In one embodiment, the one or more recommended locations of transducer arrays are determined based on an amount of overlap with the one or more skin surface conditions. In some embodiments, the method may further comprise ranking a plurality of locations of transducer arrays based on the overlapping between the transducer arrays and the one or more skin surface conditions. In this example, the one or more recommended locations of transducer arrays may be generated based on the ranking.

At step S306, the method <NUM> comprises outputting the one or more recommended locations of transducer arrays for applying tumor treating fields to a user device.

<FIG> depict an example system for determining locations of transducer arrays on a subject's body.

<FIG> depicts an example use of a user device <NUM> for determining and/or capturing 2D image data that may be used for transducer array placement and skin surface condition avoidance. In <FIG>, the user device <NUM> may capture a plurality of 2D images of a head portion of a user <NUM>. The head of the user <NUM> may include one or more skin surface conditions <NUM> and <NUM> of skin irritation. The head of the user <NUM> may include one or more landmarks and/or tracking points, such as anatomical landmarks and/or visual/artificial landmarks. For example, anatomical landmark <NUM> may include the root of the nose, and anatomical landmark <NUM> may include the tragus of the ear. Landmark <NUM> may include an indicator (e.g., a sticker, a mark/temporary tattoo, an object, etc.) placed on a cheek of the user <NUM> so that the portion of the user's body may be determined/identified and correlated and/or associated with 3D image data (e.g., MRI image data, CT image data, medical image data, etc.) associated with the user.

To facilitate transducer array placement and skin surface condition avoidance, the user device <NUM> may capture a plurality of images of the user <NUM>. The plurality of images may be taken from multiple vantage points, viewpoints, and/or the like. For example, the user device <NUM> may capture images from positions <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>.

<FIG> shows an example representation of the user <NUM> of <FIG> in 3D space <NUM>, based on image data from the user device <NUM>. A 3D avatar <NUM> may represent the user <NUM>. As shown, the indications of the landmarks <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> and skin surface conditions <NUM> and <NUM> may also be represented in the 3D avatar <NUM>. In some embodiments, representations and/or indications of the landmarks <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> and skin surface conditions <NUM> and <NUM> may be displayed (e.g., superimposed, overlaid, etc.) with an actual image and/or realistic depiction of a user and/or the portion of the user's body.

<FIG> show an example representation of surface-based registration. The image data of the user <NUM> may be used to determine a plurality of points <NUM> (e.g., a dataset, etc.) indicative of a facial skin surface of the user <NUM>. The surface <NUM> represents a skin surface extracted from 2D image data associated with the user <NUM>. <FIG> shows the initial positions of the plurality of points <NUM>. <FIG> shows the plurality of points <NUM> after they have been registered to the surface <NUM>. Registration may be performed, for example, using an iterative closest point algorithm and/or the like.

<FIG> depict examples of visual notifications for transducer array placement.

<FIG> depicts an example visual notification <NUM> that may be used for transducer array placement and skin surface condition avoidance. The one or more recommended placement positions for the one or more transducer arrays and the one or more skin surface conditions <NUM> and <NUM>, may be displayed to the user. The one or more skin surface conditions <NUM> and <NUM> may be presented on a volumetric representation <NUM> of the user determined from 2D image data associated with the user, for example as a colored mesh and/or with more realistic texture. The one or more recommended placement positions for the one or more transducer arrays may be represented by gray circles <NUM>. The notification may visually instruct the user where to place a transducer array to <NUM>) avoid the one or more skin surface conditions and/or adhere to a transducer array placement restriction, and <NUM>) receive an optimized electric field applied to a region of interest, such as a tumor site.

<FIG> depict example notifications that may be used for transducer array placement. For example, object recognition may be used to determine the actual placement positions for one or more transducer arrays and compare the actual placement positions to the one or more recommended placement positions for the one or more transducer arrays. Based on the comparison, a variance is determined of at least one of the one or more placement positions from at least one of the recommended placement positions. To resolve/correct the variance, a notification may be sent to a user device, leading the user to reposition the locations/positions where the one or more transducer arrays are placed to match the one or more recommended placement positions. In the example depicted in <FIG>, a notification of "Shift <NUM> towards the bottom and <NUM> towards the face" is sent to a user device. In the example depicted in <FIG>, a notification of "Rotate <NUM> degree towards the face" is sent to a user device.

<FIG> depict a visual notification of adjusting the size or shape of the transducer array that may be sent to a user device for transducer array placement and skin surface condition avoidance. In the example depicted in <FIG>, the transducer array comprises a bandage <NUM> and a plurality of electrodes <NUM>. As an example, the visual notification may include recommendations to cut away a portion of the bandage <NUM> (e.g., portion 506A). As another example, the visual notification may include recommendation to remove an electrode <NUM> (e.g., cutting away portion 506B) or to remove a part of an electrode <NUM> (e.g., cutting away portion 506C).

<FIG> depicts an example of transducer arrays placed on a subject's torso. In <FIG>, the determination of the placements of transducer arrays <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> is similar to, for example, the process discussed in <FIG> and <FIG> above.

<FIG> depicts an example system for determining locations of transducer arrays. In one embodiment, components of the system <NUM> may be implemented as a single device. In another embodiment, components of the system <NUM> may be implemented as separate devices/components in collective communication.

The system <NUM> may include a user device <NUM>. The user device <NUM> may be an electronic device such as a smartphone, a mobile device, a computing device, and/or the like capable of communicating with a patient support module <NUM>. The user device <NUM> may include an interface module <NUM>. The interface module <NUM> may provide an interface for the user to interact with the user device <NUM> and/or the patient support module <NUM>. The interface module <NUM> may include one or more interfaces for presenting and/or receiving information to/from the user, such data/information (e.g., 2D data/information, 3D data/information, etc.) indicative of one or more landmarks, one or more skin surface conditions, one or more recommended placement positions for transducer arrays, and/or adherence to a transducer array placement restriction. The interface module <NUM> may include one or more audio devices (e.g., stereos, speakers, microphones, etc.) for capturing/obtaining audio information and conveying audio information, such as audio information captured/obtained from the user and/or conveyed to the user. The interface module <NUM> may include a graphical user interface (GUI), a web browser (e.g., Internet Explorer®, Mozilla Firefox®, Google Chrome®, Safari®, or the like), or an application/API. The interface module <NUM> may request and/or query various files from a local source and/or a remote source, such as the patient support module <NUM>. The interface module <NUM> may include one or more displays (e.g., monitors, liquid crystal displays, organic light-emitting diode displays, active-matrix organic light-emitting diode displays, stereo displays, etc.) for displaying/presenting information to a user, such as an image and/or avatar associated with the user, image data depicting the placement of one or more transducer arrays on the surface (skin) of a user, image data depicting optimized and/or recommended areas for placement of one or more transducer arrays on the surface (skin) of the user, superimposed image data, and/or the like.

The user device <NUM> may include a communication module <NUM>. The communication module <NUM> may enable the user device <NUM> to communicate with components of the system <NUM>, such as the patient support module <NUM>. The user device <NUM> may include an imaging module <NUM>. The imaging module <NUM> may include one or more image capturing devices, such as one or more cameras that determine/capture image data (e.g., static/still images, dynamic/interactive images, video, etc.). The imaging module <NUM> may capture image data that provides a real-time and/or real-world representation of a user (e.g., a patient, a subject, etc.), such as a real-time and/or real-world representation of the user and/or a portion (e.g., head, torso, etc.) of the user's body. The user device <NUM> may include an image processing module <NUM>. The image processing module <NUM> may process image data received from the imaging module <NUM> and determine one or more landmarks and/or one or more skin surface conditions from the image data. The image processing module <NUM> may use artificial intelligence and/or machine learning (e.g., a trained machine learning model, etc.), such as image/object recognition, to identify one or more landmarks and one or more skin surface conditions depicted by one or more images of the plurality of images included with the image data. The image processing module <NUM> may use one or more object identification and/or tracking algorithms to determine/detect the locations of the one or more landmarks and the one or more skin surface conditions.

The patient support module <NUM> may include a memory (system) <NUM>. The memory <NUM> may include any one or combination of volatile memory elements (e.g., random access memory (RAM, such as DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, etc.)) and nonvolatile memory elements (e.g., ROM, hard drive, tape, CDROM, DVDROM, etc.). In an embodiment, the memory <NUM> may have a distributed architecture, where various components are situated remote from one another, but may be accessed by the processor <NUM>. The memory <NUM> may include an EFG configuration application <NUM>, a patient modeling application <NUM>, imaging data <NUM>, and a suitable operating system (O/S) <NUM>. The operating system <NUM> may, essentially, control the execution of other computer programs, and provides scheduling, input-output control, file and data management, memory management, and communication control and related services.

The patient support module <NUM> may include a processor <NUM>. The processor <NUM> may be a hardware device for executing software, particularly that stored in memory <NUM>. The processor <NUM> may be any custom made or any commercially available processor, a central processing unit (CPU), an auxiliary processor among several processors associated with the patient support module <NUM>, a semiconductor-based microprocessor (in the form of a microchip or chipset), or generally any device for executing software instructions. The patient support module <NUM> may include I/O interfaces <NUM> used to receive user input from and/or for providing system output to one or more devices or components, such as a user device <NUM>. The I/O interfaces <NUM> may include, for example, a serial port, a parallel port, a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), an IR interface, an RF interface, and/or a universal serial bus (USB) interface. A network interface <NUM> may be used to transmit and receive data/information from the patient support module <NUM>.

The patient support module <NUM> may include an image processing module <NUM>. The image processing module <NUM> may process image data received from the user device <NUM> (e.g., the imaging module <NUM>, etc.). The image processing module <NUM> may determine one or more landmarks from the image data.

The patient support module <NUM> may include an image registration module <NUM>. The image registration module <NUM> may register the 3D coordinates associated with the anatomical coordinate system (e.g., the transformed 3D points from the image data) to a 3D transducer array layout map. For example, the image registration module <NUM> may determine coordinates of the various landmarks indicated by image data that have been transformed into the anatomical coordinate system. The image registration module <NUM> may determine that the transformed coordinates of the various landmarks indicated by image data (e.g., the transformed 3D points from the image data) correspond to the coordinates of one or more landmarks indicated by the 3D transducer array layout map. The registered image data may be provided to a graphics rendering module <NUM>. The graphics rendering module <NUM> may generate graphic guides along with the registered image data. Graphic guides may include representations of one or more transducer arrays of a 3D transducer array layout map indicated at positions (e.g., optimized positions) on the user that avoid (e.g., do not overlap, etc.) one or more skin surface conditions. The registered image data and associated graphic guides may be provided to an image rendering module <NUM>. The image rendering module <NUM> may use the registered image data and associated graphic guides to generate composite data. The composite data may include a representation of the portion of the subject's body, a representation of at least one skin surface condition, and a representation of at least one recommended location of the transducer arrays. The avatar mapping and rendering module <NUM> may send an avatar (e.g., data/information indicative of the avatar, etc.) to the user device <NUM> for display.

<FIG> depicts an example flowchart of a method for determining locations of transducer arrays. The method enables points within 2D image data associated with a patient/subject's body to be transformed to points in 3D space.

At <NUM>, a user device (etc., a smartphone, a mobile device, a computing device, etc.) may capture a plurality of images, from different vantage points and/or viewpoints, of a portion of a patient/subject's body that includes one or more landmarks and/or indicates one or more skin surface conditions, and/or any other dermatologic occurrence. The plurality of images may capture the one or more landmarks and/or the one or more skin surface conditions.

Points and/or coordinates associated with a coordinate system (e.g., 2D coordinate system, 3D coordinate system, etc.) relative to the plurality of images captured by the user device may be transformed to 3D points and/or coordinates (if they are not already 3D points and/or coordinates). For example, object recognition and/or the like may be used to determine/identify the one or more anatomical landmarks represented by the plurality of images. Points and/or coordinates associated with the one or more landmarks may be transformed to 3D points/coordinates. Identification information (e.g., a device identifier, a user identifier, user information, etc.) included with the data/information indicative of the 3D points/coordinates associated with the one or more transducer arrays and/or one or more landmarks may also be sent to the computing device and/or system (e.g., the patient support module <NUM>).

At <NUM>, the computing device and/or patient support system may use the identification information to determine medical imaging data, such as MRI data, associated with the patient/subject. The MRI data have been used for TTFields therapy/treatment planning for the patient/subject. The MRI data may include a volumetric representation of the portion of a patient/subject's body. The MRI data may include 3D coordinates. Object recognition and/or the like may be used to determine anatomical landmarks within the MRI data that correspond to the anatomical landmarks from the plurality of images. 3D points and/or coordinates associated with anatomical landmarks within the MRI data that correspond to the anatomical landmarks from the plurality of images may be determined.

At <NUM>, a point-based registration of the anatomical landmarks from the plurality of images and the corresponding anatomical landmarks within the MRI data may be performed. Any method may be used to register the 3D points and/or coordinates associated with the anatomical landmarks from the plurality of images to the 3D points and/or coordinates associated with anatomical landmarks within the MRI data.

At <NUM>, based on the registration of the 3D points and/or coordinates associated with the anatomical landmarks from the plurality of images to the 3D points and/or coordinates associated with landmarks within the MRI, all coordinates associated with the coordinate system relative to the plurality of images captured by the user device may be transformed to the coordinates of the MRI data. As such, any object included within the plurality of images and/or determined/detected from the plurality of images, such as the one or more skin surface conditions, may be represented along with the volumetric representation of the portion of a patient/subject's body. Coordinates indicative of locations/positions where the one or more skin surface conditions actually are may be used to represent the one or more skin surface conditions along with the volumetric representation of the portion of a patient/subject's body. Coordinates indicative of the optimized (e.g., recommended) transducer array placement positions determined from previous analysis of the MRI data may be used to determine one or more placement positions for transducer arrays that avoid (e.g., do not overlap, etc.) the one or more skin surface conditions, and/or any other dermatologic occurrence, and/or adhere to a transducer array placement restriction. The optimized (e.g., recommended) transducer array placement positions may be represented (e.g., displayed) with the volumetric representation of the portion of a patient/subject's body.

At <NUM>, the locations/positions where the one or more areas of skin irritation exist may be compared to the optimized (e.g., recommended) transducer array placement positions that avoid (e.g., do not overlap, etc.) the one or more skin surface conditions, and/or adhere to a transducer array placement restriction. For example, the one or more skin surface conditions may be displayed (e.g., superimposed, overlaid, etc.) with the optimized (e.g., recommended) transducer array placement positions to illustrate the avoidance. The one or more skin surface conditions may be displayed (e.g., superimposed, overlaid, etc.) with representations of transducer array patches, disks, and/or the like at the optimized (e.g., recommended) transducer array placement positions that avoid (e.g., do not overlap, etc.) the one or more skin surface conditions, and/or adhere to a transducer array placement restriction. The display may include an actual image and/or realistic depiction of the patient/subject and/or the portion of the patient/subject's body.

Claim 1:
A method for determining locations of transducer arrays (<NUM>; <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) on a subject's body for applying tumor treating fields, comprising:
receiving, based on two-dimensional (2D) image data associated with a portion of the subject's body, an indication of one or more potential skin surface conditions on the subject's body;
receiving an indication that the one or more potential skin surface conditions are associated with one or more skin surface conditions (<NUM>, <NUM>);
determining, based on the 2D image data and the indication that the one or more potential skin surface conditions are associated with the one or more skin surface conditions (<NUM>, <NUM>), a representation of the one or more skin surface conditions (<NUM>, <NUM>) in three-dimensional (3D) space (<NUM>);
determining, based on the representation of the one or more skin surface conditions (<NUM>, <NUM>) in the 3D space (<NUM>), one or more recommended locations (<NUM>) of the transducer arrays (<NUM>; <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) on the subject's body for applying tumor treating fields; and
outputting the one or more recommended locations (<NUM>) of the transducer arrays (<NUM>; <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) on the subject's body for applying tumor treating fields.