Patent Description:
This disclosure relates to sampling within a conduit, for example, a flowline flowing one or more hydrocarbons.

In quality assurance, fluid sampling is a selection of a fluid sample to estimate representative characteristics of the bulk fluid. In some cases, multiple samples are taken to obtain a more accurate understanding of the bulk fluid. Once the samples are obtained, one or more properties are determined. As one specific example, sampling of hydrocarbon fluids in pipelines is normally required in order to comply with hydrocarbon transportation regulations in various countries. In some cases, sampling is required to meet contractual obligations amongst, for example, the transporting party, the hydrocarbon supplier, and the consumer.

<CIT> describes systems and methods for decommissioning a pipeline. The system may comprise a mechanical assembly and chemical assembly. The mechanical assembly may include a main body and contact assembly. When the mechanical assembly is provided in the pipeline, the contact assembly is configurable to contact with the pipeline's interior wall. The chemical assembly may be arranged serially in line with the mechanical assembly. The chemical assembly may include a front section having a cross-sectional portion configurable to resemble the cross-section of the pipeline. The chemical assembly may also include a rear section having a cross-sectional portion. The front and rear sections may be arranged in such a way that, when the chemical assembly is provided in the pipeline, the cross-sectional portions of the front and rear sections cooperate with the pipeline's interior wall to form a chamber operable to receive and house a removal medium.

<CIT> describes a displaceable inspection device for the interior of pipelines or the like pipeworks, wherein the inspection device can be guided on the inner wall of the pipeline, said device being designed such that the inspection device can be displaced by means of its own drive without a physical connection extending out of the pipeline.

<CIT> describes a tracking system for use with a pipeline includes a scraper having signal generation capability for generating acoustic signals, a plurality of acoustic pressure sensors positioned at intervals along the path travelled by the scraper, and a plurality of local processors positioned at intervals along the path travelled by the scraper. Each of the local processors is in communication with a respective acoustic pressure sensor. A central processor is in communication with the local processors and determines the location of the scraper using time-stamped acoustic signals received by the pressure sensors and a speed of sound in a fluid within the pipeline.

<CIT> describes systems, methods, and apparatuses for sampling solid particles in fluid flowing through a pipeline. In one or more embodiments, a pipeline pig having at least one bypass channel and at least one filter located within the bypass channel is configured to collect solid particles within the fluid of predetermined minimum size. Additional filters of varying mesh size may be included. In other embodiments, at least one valve may be used to adjust the fluid flow through the bypass channel, and a flow metering device may be configured to measure a flow rate of the fluid flowing through the bypass channel. In other embodiments, a bypass control device may be configured to control the valve to regulate fluid flow rate and fluid access into the bypass channel.

This disclosure describes technologies relating to sampling within a conduit, for example, fluid and solid sampling within a flowline flowing one or more hydrocarbons. Certain aspects of the subject matter described can be implemented as an apparatus. The apparatus includes a body configured to be disposed within a pipe flowing a fluid. The apparatus includes a fluid sampling conduit disposed within the body. The fluid sampling conduit is configured to obtain a sample of the fluid flowing in the pipe. The fluid sampling conduit includes open ends with or without a valve. The apparatus includes an odometer wheel coupled to the body. The odometer wheel is configured to measure a distance traveled by the apparatus within the pipe based on rotating while contacting an inner wall of the pipe as the apparatus travels through the pipe. The apparatus includes an elastomeric ring surrounding at least a portion of the body. The elastomeric ring is configured to contact the inner wall of the pipe and remove material disposed on the inner wall of the pipe as the apparatus travels through the pipe. The apparatus includes a solid sampling subsystem coupled to and external to the body. The solid sampling subsystem includes a capsule, an inlet valve coupled to the capsule, and a tubing coupled to the inlet valve. When opened, the inlet valve is configured to allow at least a portion of material removed from the inner wall of the pipe by the elastomeric ring to flow through the tubing and into the capsule.

This, and other aspects, can include one or more of the following features.

The body can include a first plate, a second plate, and a cylindrical housing extending from the first plate to the second plate. The fluid sampling conduit can be disposed within the cylindrical housing. The fluid sampling conduit can extend from the first plate to the second plate. The fluid sampling conduit can include a first open end at the first plate and a second open end at the second plate. The odometer wheel can be coupled to an arm at a coupling point on the arm. The arm can be coupled to and extend from the body. The odometer wheel can be configured to rotate about the coupling point.

The solid sampling subsystem can include a housing coupled to the first plate. The capsule can be disposed within the housing. The solid sampling subsystem can include an outlet valve coupled to the capsule. The outlet valve can be configured to control flow of material out of the capsule.

The arm can include a first segment and a second segment connected to each other by a joint configured to allow rotation of the second segment about the joint in relation to the first segment. The first segment can be coupled to the first plate.

The elastomeric ring can be a first elastomeric ring surrounding a first portion of the cylindrical housing. The apparatus can include a second elastomeric ring surrounding a second portion of the cylindrical housing.

The apparatus can include an inertial sensor. The inertial sensor can include at least one of a gyroscope sensor, an inclinometer, or an x-y-z accelerometer.

The fluid sampling conduit can be a first fluid sampling conduit. The apparatus can include a second fluid sampling conduit disposed within the cylindrical housing. The second fluid sampling conduit can extend from the first plate to the second plate. The second fluid samping conduit can include a first open end at the first plate and a second open end at the second plate. The apparatus can include a third valve disposed at a first location along the second fluid sampling conduit between the first open end of the second fluid sampling conduit and the second open end of the second fluid sampling conduit.

The odometer wheel can be a first odometer wheel. The arm can be a first arm. The coupling point can be a first coupling point. The apparatus can include a second odometer wheel coupled to a second arm at a second coupling point. The second arm can extend from the first plate. The second odometer wheel can be configured to rotate freely at the second coupling point with respect to the second arm. The second arm can include a first segment and a second segment connected to each other by a joint configured to allow rotation of the second segment of the second arm about the joint of the second arm in relation to the first segment of the second arm. The first segment of the second arm can be coupled to the first plate.

The capsule can be a first capsule. The outlet valve can be a first outlet valve. The inlet valve can be a first inlet valve. The tubing can be a first tubing. The apparatus can include a second capsule disposed within the housing. The second capsule can have an internal pressure less than atmospheric pressure. The apparatus can include a second outlet valve coupled to the second capsule. The second outlet valve can be configured to control flow of material out of the second capsule. The apparatus can include a second inlet valve coupled to the second capsule. The second inlet valve can be configured to control flow of material into the second capsule. The apparatus can include a second tubing disposed along the second arm. At least one end of the second tubing can be coupled to the second inlet valve.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described can be implemented as a system as recited in claim <NUM>.

The body can include a first plate, a second plate, and a cylindrical housing extending from the first plate to the second plate. The fluid sampling conduits can be disposed within the cylindrical housing. Each fluid sampling conduit can extend from the first plate to the second plate. Each fluid sampling conduit can include a first open end at the first plate and a second open end at the second plate.

The system can include a housing external to the body and coupled to the first plate. Each capsule of the solid sampling subsystems can be disposed within the housing. Each solid sampling subsystem can include an outlet valve coupled to the respective capsule. Each outlet valve can be configured to control flow of material out of the respective capsule.

Each arm of the odometer subsystems can include a first segment and a second segment connected to each other by a joint configured to allow rotation of the second segment about the joint in relation to the first segment. Each first segment can be coupled to the first plate.

The apparatus can include a computer disposed within the cylindrical housing. The computer can be communicatively coupled to each odometer subsystem, each fluid sampling subsystem, each solid sampling subsystem, and the inertial sensor. The computer can include a processor and a computer-readable medium interoperably coupled to the processor. The medium can store instructions executable by the processor to perform operations. The operations can include receiving distance data from at least one of the odometer subsystems. The operations can include receiving inertia data from the inertial sensor. The operations can includes transmitting a first open signal to at least one of the fluid sampling subsystems, thereby allowing fluid flowing in the pipe to flow into the respective fluid sampling subsystem. The operations can include a first close signal to the fluid sampling system to which the first open signal was transmitted, thereby ceasing fluid flow from the pipe to the respective fluid sampling subsystem and storing a portion of the fluid flow from the pipe within the respective fluid sampling subsystem. The operations can include transmitting a second open signal to the inlet valve of at least one of the solid sampling subsystems, thereby allowing at least a portion of material removed from the inner wall of the pipe by the elastomeric ring to flow through the respective tubing and into the respective capsule. The operations can include transmitting a second close signal to the inlet valve to which the second open signal was transmitted, thereby ceasing flow of material from the pipe to the respective capsule and storing the portion of material within the respective capsule. The operations can include determining a location of the apparatus within the pipe based on the received distance data and the received inertia data.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described can be implemented as a method as recited in claim <NUM>.

Obtaining the sample of fluid can occur at a first location along the pipe, and measuring the distance traveled by the apparatus within the pipe can be repeated at the first location.

Obtaining the portion of the material removed from the inner wall of the pipe can occur at a second location along the pipe, and measuring the distance traveled by the apparatus within the pipe can be repeated at the second location.

A change in inertia of the apparatus within the pipe can be measured by an inertial sensor of the apparatus. A location of the apparatus within the pipe can be determined based on the measured distance and the measured change in inertia.

The details of one or more implementations of the subject matter of this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description.

This disclosure describes fluid and solid sampling within a flowline, for example, a pipe carrying one or more hydrocarbons. An in-line sampling apparatus can be used within a pipe to obtain various measurements (for example, pressure and location), collect fluid samples, and collect solid samples (for example, debris, corrosion deposits, or both). The entirety of the sampling apparatus can be disposed inside the pipe. The sampling apparatus can carry out such operations at desired, different radial and axial locations within the pipe. Internal corrosion in pipes can vary in magnitude both along the longitudinal length of the pipe (axial basis) and also along the circumference of the pipe (radial basis). Furthermore, the locations of corrosion deposit can be distributed non-uniformly on an axial basis, a radial basis, or both. The sampling apparatus can take samples of the fluid flowing within the pipe and of corrosion deposits (organic, inorganic, or both) on the pipe wall at specific locations and radial orientations in order to determine where corrosion is occurring in the pipe. In some cases, corrosion can be indicative of the presence of water. The fluid samples obtained by the sampling apparatus can be analyzed to determine the composition of the water and identify corrosive species, including organic and inorganic corrosive species. Further, various tasks (such as obtaining samples, injecting treatment fluids, and removing corrosion or debris by abrasion) can be performed at desired locations along the longitudinal length of the pipe.

The subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in particular implementations, so as to realize one or more of the following advantages. The locations at which the operations are carried out can be determined and recorded by the sampling apparatus. That is, the sampling apparatus is capable of recognizing its relative location within the pipe as it carries out one or more of the operations (such as obtaining a fluid sample or a solid sample). Multiple samples (fluid, solid, or both) can be obtained and stored within the same apparatus. The samples can be obtained at various axial locations along the longitudinal length of the pipe. The samples can be obtained at various radial locations with respect to the cross-sectional area of the pipe.

<FIG> is a schematic diagram of an example sampling apparatus <NUM> disposed within a pipe <NUM>. The pipe <NUM> is a conduit through which fluid can flow. Fluid can include gas, liquid, or a mixture of both. For example, the pipe <NUM> is a flowline that can carry water, hydrocarbons (which can include gaseous hydrocarbons, liquid hydrocarbons, or both), or a mixture of both water and hydrocarbons. For example, the pipe <NUM> is a hydrocarbon flowline that transports hydrocarbons extracted from a well to a processing plant or from a processing plant to a distribution center. In some implementations, the pipe <NUM> spans several miles (in some cases, several hundreds of miles) and includes multiple access points for entry into the inner volume of the pipe <NUM>. In some cases, the fluid flowing through the pipe <NUM> includes solid material (such as debris). In some cases, one or more components in the fluid can precipitate out of the fluid and deposit on an inner wall of the pipe <NUM>. In some cases, one or more components in the fluid reacts with the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> and the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> corrodes. In such cases, corrosion deposits can form on the inner wall of the pipe <NUM>.

The sampling apparatus <NUM> can be used to obtain one or more fluid samples, one or more solid samples, or both, as the sampling apparatus <NUM> travels through the pipe <NUM>. The sampling apparatus <NUM> is capable of determining its relative location (for example, radial location, axial location, or both) within the pipe <NUM> as the samples are obtained. In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> measures one or more properties of the fluid flowing within the pipe <NUM> (such as pressure). In such implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> is self-locating. For example, the sampling apparatus <NUM> determines its location within the pipe <NUM> as a fluid sample is obtained, as a solid sample is obtained, or as a measurement is taken. In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> is physically pushed or pulled through the pipe <NUM>. In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> is pushed through the pipe <NUM> by the fluid flowing through the pipe <NUM> (for example, hydraulic force). In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> propels itself through the pipe <NUM>, for example, by use of a pump that is included in the apparatus <NUM>. An example pump (<NUM>) is shown in <FIG> and described in more detail later.

<FIG> is a schematic diagram of the sampling apparatus <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, the sampling apparatus <NUM> is coupled to a pipeline scraper body <NUM>. The pipeline scraper body <NUM> can be a conventional pig scraper that can, in some cases, be used to hold together components of the sampling apparatus <NUM>. For example, the pipeline scraper body <NUM> holds components, such as a sampling conduit, a solenoid valve, a sampling pump, and a control system.

<FIG> is a schematic diagram of the sampling apparatus <NUM> of <FIG> without the pipeline scraper body <NUM>. In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> can still perform its required functions without the use of the pipeline scraper body <NUM>. The sampling apparatus <NUM> includes a body <NUM> that is hollow. In some implementations, the body <NUM> includes a first plate 201A and a second plate 201B (not shown in <FIG>, but shown later in other figures) opposite the first plate 201A. In some implementations, the body <NUM> includes a cylindrical housing 201C that extends from the first plate 201A to the second plate 201B.

The sampling apparatus <NUM> includes an arm <NUM> extending from the body <NUM>. The arm is shown in more detail in <FIG> and is also described in more detail later. Referring back to <FIG>, the sampling apparatus <NUM> includes an odometer wheel <NUM> coupled to the arm <NUM> at a coupling point <NUM> on the arm <NUM>. The odometer wheel <NUM> is configured to rotate about the coupling point <NUM> with respect to the arm <NUM>. In some implementations, the coupling point <NUM> includes a slot and a pin that is received by the slot. The odometer wheel <NUM> is mounted on the pin. In some implementations, the pin passes through the odometer wheel <NUM>. The pin is received by the slot, such that the odometer wheel <NUM> is coupled to the arm <NUM>. In some implementations, the odometer wheel <NUM> is rotationally fixed to the pin, and the pin and the odometer wheel <NUM> rotate together. In some implementations, the pin is rotationally fixed to the slot, and the odometer wheel <NUM> is free to rotate about the pin.

The odometer wheel <NUM> is configured to contact an inner wall of the pipe <NUM>. While contacting the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> and rotating about the coupling point <NUM>, odometer wheel <NUM> is configured to measure a distance traveled by the apparatus <NUM> within the pipe <NUM>. The odometer wheel <NUM> includes embedded electronics. The embedded electronics can include an accelerometer and a revolutions per minute (rpm) counter, each of which can communicate with a control system (for example, the control system <NUM> which is shown in <FIG> and described in more detail later).

The odometer wheel <NUM> can transmit acceleration data to the control system, and the control system can determine whether the odometer wheel <NUM> is slipping. If the control system determines that the odometer wheel <NUM> slippage has exceeded a predetermined slippage threshold, the control system disregards rpm data transmitted by that particular odometer wheel <NUM>. The odometer wheel <NUM> and the control system can be used to calculate various conditions. For example, the control system can calculate a time averaged rpm to determine a distance traveled by the apparatus <NUM> within a time interval (predetermined by a user) by multiplying the time averaged rpm, the time interval, and the outer circumference of the odometer wheel <NUM>. The result can include compensation for acceleration (for example, by using a gyroscope sensor 311A and x-y-z accelerometer 311B, both of which are shown in <FIG> and described in more detail later). The distance calculation can be carried out for every time averaged rpm that is calculated for each time interval. The distances, the sum of the distances, or both can be stored in a storage device (for example, a memory of the control system, which is shown in <FIG> and described in more detail later).

As shown in <FIG>, the sampling apparatus <NUM> can include more than one set of the arm <NUM> and odometer wheel <NUM>. For example, the sampling apparatus <NUM> can include two sets of the arm <NUM> and odometer wheel <NUM>, three sets of the arm <NUM> and odometer wheel <NUM>, or four sets of the arm <NUM> and odometer wheel <NUM>. In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> includes more than four sets of the arm <NUM> and odometer wheel <NUM>. The multiple sets of the arm <NUM> and odometer wheel <NUM> can facilitate radially centering of the sampling apparatus <NUM> within the pipe <NUM>.

In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> includes an abrasive wheel that is coupled to another one of the arms <NUM>. In some implementations, the odometer wheel <NUM> functions also as the abrasive wheel as described here. In some implementations, the abrasive wheel is configured to rotate about a coupling point (similar to the coupling point <NUM>) with respect to the arm <NUM> to which the abrasive wheel is coupled. The abrasive wheel is mounted on a pin received by a slot (similar to the coupling point <NUM>). In some implementations, the pin passes through the abrasive wheel. The pin is received by the slot, such that the abrasive wheel is coupled to the arm <NUM>. In some implementations, the abrasive wheel is rotationally fixed to the pin, and the pin and the abrasive wheel rotate together. In some implementations, the pin is rotationally fixed to the slot, and the abrasive wheel is free to rotate about the pin. The abrasive wheel is configured to contact an inner wall of the pipe <NUM>. While contacting the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> and rotating, the abrasive wheel is configured to remove material disposed on the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> (for example, debris, corrosion/precipitate deposits, or both) by abrasion.

In some cases, the sampling apparatus <NUM> may move through the pipe <NUM> in a direction different from an axial direction (that is, in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pipe <NUM>). For example, the sampling apparatus <NUM> may rotate within the pipe <NUM>. Rotation can be determined, for example, by the gyroscope sensor 311A and x-y-z accelerometer 311B. This rotation can be accounted for in any calculations performed by the control system <NUM>.

Although shown in <FIG> as having the arm <NUM> extending from the first plate 201A, the arm <NUM> can extend from the second plate 201B. In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> includes at least one arm <NUM> (coupled to the odometer wheel <NUM>) extending from the first plate 201A and at least one arm <NUM> (coupled to another odometer wheel <NUM>) extending from the second plate 201B. Including additional sets of arms <NUM> coupled to odometer wheels <NUM> can provide various benefits. For example, having additional arms <NUM> can improve centering of the sampling apparatus <NUM> within the pipe <NUM> with respect to the cross-sectional area of the pipe <NUM>. For example, having additional odometer wheels <NUM> can improve accuracy of distance measuring. In some implementations, an average of the measured distances by the multiple odometer wheels <NUM> is taken as the determined distance traveled by the sampling apparatus <NUM> within the pipe <NUM>. In some implementations, a median of the measured distances by the multiple odometer wheels <NUM> is taken as the determined distance traveled by the sampling apparatus <NUM> within the pipe <NUM>. In some implementations, it can be determined that one or more of the odometer wheels <NUM> need to be re-calibrated, repaired, or replaced based on a deviation from the average or median that is greater than a threshold deviation. For example, if one (or more) of the odometer wheels <NUM> takes a reading that is <NUM> meter greater or less than the average reading by all of the odometer wheels <NUM>, that reading can be taken out of the average calculation. The readings from the corresponding odometer wheel <NUM> can be disregarded for the remainder of the run through the pipe <NUM>, and that odometer wheel <NUM> can be flagged for inspection after the run has been completed.

In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> begins measuring distance before the sampling apparatus <NUM> enters the pipe <NUM>-that is, the sampling apparatus <NUM> is turned "on" before it begins traveling through the pipe <NUM>. In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> is configured to begin measuring distance after an inertia sensor of the sampling apparatus <NUM> detects movement of the sampling apparatus <NUM>. In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> is configured to begin measuring distance when it detects that it is positioned within the pipe <NUM>. The sampling apparatus <NUM> can detect when it is positioned within the pipe <NUM>, for example, by detecting that its odometer wheels <NUM> are in contact with the inner wall of the pipe <NUM>. In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> is configured to begin measuring distance after a predetermined time delay once the sampling apparatus <NUM> enters the pipe <NUM>.

In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> is configured to switch to a "sleep" mode, which is a low-power mode to conserve energy. The sampling apparatus <NUM> can switch to the "sleep" mode in response to a triggering event. The triggering event can be, for example, collection of a sample (for example, go in "sleep" mode for a predetermined time period after each sample is taken and then switch back to "wake" mode after the predetermined time period), collection of a sample at a predetermined location within the pipe <NUM>, collection of a final sample (that is, the last available sampling conduit has been filled), and detecting travel across a marker located along the longitudinal length of the pipe <NUM> (for example, a clamp-on marker or transmitter). In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> is configured to periodically switch between "sleep" and "wake" modes. Switching to "sleep" mode can conserve energy and reduce energy requirements, which allows for reduced battery weight and therefore overall weight of the sampling apparatus <NUM>.

<FIG> is a schematic diagram that shows inner components of the sampling apparatus <NUM>. The body <NUM> is disposed within and coupled to the pipeline scraper body <NUM>. The sampling apparatus <NUM> includes an elastomeric ring 207A that surrounds at least a portion of the body <NUM>. The elastomeric ring 207A is configured to contact the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> and remove material disposed on the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> (for example, debris, corrosion/precipitate deposits, or both) as the sampling apparatus <NUM> travels through the pipe <NUM>. In some implementations, the outer diameter of the elastomeric ring 207A is the same as the inner diameter of the pipe <NUM>. In some implementations, the outer diameter of the elastomeric ring 207A is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the pipe <NUM>, but due to the flexibility of the elastomeric ring 207A and the rigidity of the pipe <NUM>, the sampling apparatus <NUM> can still be pushed or pulled through the pipe <NUM>. In some implementations (as shown in <FIG>), the sampling apparatus <NUM> includes an additional elastomeric ring 207B that surrounds another portion of the body <NUM> and is substantially similar to the elastomeric ring 207A. Although shown in <FIG> as having two elastomeric rings (207A, 207B), the sampling apparatus <NUM> can include fewer (for example, one) or additional (for example, three) elastomeric rings.

The sampling apparatus <NUM> includes a solid sampling subsystem <NUM>. The solid sampling subsystem <NUM> can be used to obtain a sample of the solid(s) that are removed from the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> (for example, by the elastomeric ring 207A, 207B, or both). One or more solid samples can be stored within the solid sampling subsystem <NUM> as the sampling apparatus <NUM> travels through the pipe. In some implementations, the solid sampling subsystem <NUM> is coupled to and external to the body <NUM>. In some implementations (as shown in <FIG>), the solid sampling subsystem <NUM> is coupled to and protruding from the first plate 201A. In some implementations, the solid sampling subsystem <NUM> is coupled to and protruding from the second plate 201B. In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> includes more than one solid sampling subsystem <NUM>. The solid sampling subsystem <NUM> is shown in more detail in <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG> and is also described in more detail later.

The sampling apparatus <NUM> includes a fluid sampling conduit <NUM>. In some implementations, the fluid sampling conduit <NUM> is disposed within the body <NUM>. The fluid sampling conduit <NUM> is configured to obtain a sample of the fluid that is flowing in the pipe <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, the sampling apparatus <NUM> can include more than one fluid sampling conduit <NUM>. For example, the sampling apparatus <NUM> can include two fluid sampling conduits <NUM>, three fluid sampling conduits <NUM>, or four fluid sampling conduits <NUM>. In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> includes more than four fluid sampling conduits <NUM>. In implementations in which the sampling apparatus <NUM> includes multiple fluid sampling conduits <NUM>, the fluid sampling conduits <NUM> can be distributed at different radial locations within the body <NUM>. Each fluid sampling conduit <NUM> can obtain a fluid sample from the pipe and store the fluid sample as the sampling apparatus <NUM> travels through the pipe. In implementations where the sampling apparatus <NUM> includes multiple fluid sampling conduits <NUM>, the sampling apparatus <NUM> can obtain multiple fluid samples. The multiple fluid samples can be obtained at one location or at various, different locations within the pipe <NUM>. For example, one or more fluid samples can be obtained at a first location, and then one or more fluid samples can be obtained at a second location. The sampling apparatus <NUM> can keep track of which fluid sampling conduits <NUM> have been used (and therefore contain samples) as the sampling apparatus <NUM> travels through the pipe <NUM>. The sampling apparatus <NUM> can also keep track of the location and time at which each fluid sampling conduit <NUM> has been used, which can be used to map the samples to the relative positions within the pipe <NUM> from which the samples were obtained.

In some implementations (as shown in <FIG>), the fluid sampling conduit <NUM> is disposed within the cylindrical housing 201C and extends from the first plate 201A to the second plate 201B. In some implementations, the fluid sampling conduit <NUM> includes a first open end at the first plate 201A and a second open end at the second plate 201B. In some implementations, the first open end and the second open end of the fluid sampling conduit <NUM> are threaded, and the first plate 201A and the second plate 201B include threaded holes. In such implementations, the first open end and the second open end of the fluid sampling conduit <NUM> can be threadedly coupled to the first plate 201A and the second plate 201B, respectively. In some implementations, the first open end and the second open end of the fluid sampling conduit <NUM> are outwardly threaded and inwardly threaded, so that each open end can be threadedly coupled to two components. For example, the outward threads can threadedly couple to the threaded holes of the first and second plates 201A and 201B, and the inward threads can be used to threadedly couple to a sealing plug to prevent leaks, for example, in a laboratory or during transportation of the sampling apparatus <NUM>.

The sampling apparatus <NUM> can include isolation valves <NUM> near each open end of the fluid sampling conduit <NUM>. In some implementations, the isolation valves <NUM> are solenoid valves. The isolation valves <NUM> can be opened and closed to control the flow of fluid into and out of the fluid sampling conduit <NUM>. For example, one or both of the isolation valves <NUM> can be opened to allow fluid from the pipe <NUM> to enter the fluid sampling conduit <NUM>. After a period of time (for example, after a sufficient volume of fluid has entered the fluid sampling conduit <NUM>), the isolation valve(s) <NUM> can be closed to store the fluid within the fluid sampling conduit <NUM>. In this way, the fluid sampling conduit <NUM> can obtain a sample of the fluid flowing within the pipe <NUM>.

In some implementations, the fluid sampling conduit <NUM> is equipped with a telescoping mechanism, which allows the fluid sampling conduit <NUM> to be projected and allow collecting of fluid samples at a distance from a tail end (downstream end in the direction of fluid flow within the pipe <NUM>) of the apparatus <NUM>. This projected position can allow for the avoidance of turbulence in the flow profile that the head end (upstream end) of the apparatus <NUM> may experience.

The sampling apparatus <NUM> includes a control system (<NUM>, which is shown in <FIG>) that controls various components of the sampling apparatus <NUM>. For example, the control system <NUM> controls the various valves of the sampling apparatus <NUM> (for example, the isolation valves <NUM>). For example, the control system <NUM> determines which of the fluid sampling conduits <NUM> to use to obtain a fluid sample. For example, the control system <NUM> determines which of the vacuum capsules <NUM> to use to obtain a solid sample. The control system <NUM> is described in more detail later.

<FIG> is a schematic diagram that shows inner components of the sampling apparatus <NUM>. This view shows the second plate 201B and the second elastomeric ring 207B that were mentioned previously. This view also shows the second open end of the fluid sampling conduit <NUM> at the second plate 201B.

<FIG> is a schematic diagram of the solid sampling subsystem <NUM> of the sampling apparatus <NUM>. In some implementations, the solid sampling subsystem <NUM> includes a housing <NUM>. In implementations in which the solid sampling subsystem <NUM> is coupled to the first plate 201A, the housing <NUM> is coupled to the first plate 201A. In implementations in which the solid sampling subsystem <NUM> is coupled to the second plate 201B, the housing <NUM> is coupled to the second plate 201B. A capsule <NUM> is disposed within the housing <NUM>.

In some implementations, the capsule <NUM> is a vacuum capsule. In such implementations, the capsule <NUM> (before the sampling apparatus <NUM> is positioned within the pipe <NUM>) has an internal pressure that is less than atmospheric pressure. As shown in <FIG>, the solid sampling subsystem <NUM> can include multiple capsules <NUM> disposed within the housing <NUM>. Each of the capsules <NUM> can store a solid sample. In implementations where the sampling apparatus <NUM> includes multiple capsules <NUM>, the sampling apparatus <NUM> can obtain multiple solid samples. The multiple solid samples can be obtained at one location or at various, different locations within the pipe <NUM>. For example, one or more solid samples can be obtained at a first location, and then one or more solid samples can be obtained at a second location. The sampling apparatus <NUM> can keep track of which vacuum capsules <NUM> have been used (and therefore contain samples) as the sampling apparatus <NUM> travels through the pipe <NUM>.

In some implementations, the capsule <NUM> is a pressurized capsule. In such implementations, the capsule <NUM> (before the sampling apparatus <NUM> is positioned within the pipe <NUM>) has an internal pressure that is greater than atmospheric pressure. In some implementations, the capsule <NUM> includes a pressurized treatment fluid. In such implementations, the treatment fluid can be discharged from the capsule and into the pipe <NUM>. The treatment fluid can, for example, react with contaminants disposed on the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> and can facilitate removal of such contaminants from the inner wall of the pipe <NUM>. In some implementations, the treatment fluid includes a biocide, for example, to treat organic corrosion resulting from sulfur-reducing bacteria.

In some implementation, the capsule <NUM> includes solid particles. In some implementations, the solid particles are magnetic particles. In such implementations, the magnetic particles can be discharged from the capsule and into the pipe <NUM>. The magnetic particles can, for example, adhere to the inner wall of the pipe <NUM>. Once adhered to the inner wall of the pipe <NUM>, the magnetic particles can be detected from outside the pipe <NUM> by detection of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic particles. The magnetic particles can therefore be used as markers.

<FIG> is a schematic diagram that shows inner components of the sampling apparatus <NUM>. In <FIG>, the housing <NUM> is omitted to show some of the other inner components of the solid sampling subsystem <NUM>. The solid sampling subsystem <NUM> includes an inlet valve <NUM> that is coupled to the vacuum capsule <NUM>. The inlet valve <NUM> is configured to control flow of material into the vacuum capsule <NUM>. Before the inlet valve <NUM> is opened, the pressure within the vacuum capsule <NUM> is less than atmospheric pressure.

The solid sampling subsystem <NUM> includes a tubing <NUM> that is also coupled to the inlet valve <NUM>. The tubing <NUM> is positioned such that its open end is in the vicinity of the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> while the sampling apparatus <NUM> travels through the pipe <NUM>. Because of this configuration, solid material that has been removed from the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> (for example, by the elastomeric ring 207A, 207B, or both) can enter the tubing <NUM>. In some implementations, the tubing <NUM> is disposed along one of the arms <NUM>.

When the inlet valve <NUM> is opened, the vacuum within the vacuum capsule <NUM> pulls the solid material into the vacuum capsule <NUM>. After a period of time, the inlet valve <NUM> is closed, and the solid sample is stored within the vacuum capsule <NUM>. In implementations in which the solid sampling subsystem <NUM> includes multiple vacuum capsules <NUM>, each of the vacuum capsules <NUM> are equipped with its own inlet valve <NUM> coupled to its own tubing <NUM>. In some implementations, each tubing <NUM> is disposed along a different one of the arms <NUM>. In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> includes the same number of arms <NUM>, odometer wheels <NUM>, vacuum capsules <NUM>, and tubings <NUM>.

The solid sampling subsystem <NUM> includes an outlet valve <NUM> coupled to the vacuum capsule <NUM>. The outlet valve <NUM> is configured to control flow of material out of the vacuum capsule <NUM>. In implementations in which the solid sampling subsystem <NUM> includes multiple vacuum capsules <NUM>, each of the vacuum capsules <NUM> are equipped with its own outlet valve <NUM>. In such implementations, the solid sampling subsystem <NUM> can include a manifold <NUM> to connect the outlets of each of the outlet valves <NUM>. In some implementations, the solid sampling subsystem <NUM> includes a suction tubing <NUM> which can be coupled to a device that produces suction (for example, a suction pump), so that any of the solid sample(s) stored in the vacuum capsule(s) can be removed from the respective vacuum capsule and subsequently analyzed.

For example, after the sampling apparatus <NUM> has traveled through the pipe <NUM> and once analysis of the obtained samples is ready to begin, outlet valve <NUM> can be opened, so that the solid sample stored within the vacuum capsule <NUM> can flow out of the vacuum capsule <NUM> through the manifold <NUM> and suction tubing <NUM>. The solid sample can then be analyzed (for example, to determine composition).

<FIG> is a schematic diagram of the arm <NUM> of the sampling apparatus <NUM> and a few neighboring components. In some implementations, the arm <NUM> includes a first segment <NUM> and a second segment <NUM> that are connected together at a joint <NUM>, for example, by a bolt <NUM>. The joint <NUM> is configured to allow rotation of the second segment <NUM> about the joint <NUM> in relation to the first segment <NUM>. In some implementations, the first segment <NUM> is coupled to the first plate 201A and is stationary relative to the body <NUM> (see also <FIG>). In some implementations, the joint <NUM> is equipped with a spring <NUM> that biases the second segment <NUM> to protrude radially from the body <NUM> so that the odometer wheel <NUM> contacts the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> when the sampling apparatus <NUM> is positioned within the pipe <NUM>. As shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, the ends of the arms <NUM> (coupled to the odometer wheels <NUM>) protrude radially from the body <NUM>. In some implementations, the ends of the arms <NUM> protrude radially past the outer circumference of the elastomeric rings 207A and 207B. However, because the arms <NUM> are jointed, the arms <NUM> can bend at their respective joints <NUM>. When the sampling apparatus <NUM> is positioned within the pipe <NUM>, the rigid, inner wall of the pipe <NUM> pushes the odometer wheels <NUM> and causes the second segments <NUM> of the respective arms <NUM> to retract radially. The springs <NUM> (which bias the second segments <NUM> to protrude radially) allow for the odometer wheels <NUM> to maintain contact with the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> as the sampling apparatus <NUM> travels through the pipe <NUM>.

As shown in <FIG>, the tubing <NUM> is disposed along the arm <NUM>. In some implementations, a portion of the tubing <NUM> is metallic or disposed within a hollow metallic casing. In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> includes an additional valve <NUM> (separate and in addition to the inlet valve <NUM> described previously and shown in <FIG>). The valve <NUM> can be a solenoid valve. In some implementations, the valve <NUM> is disposed nearer to the odometer wheel <NUM> in comparison to the view shown in <FIG>.

<FIG> is a schematic diagram of an example control system <NUM>. The sampling apparatus <NUM> includes the control system <NUM>. The control system <NUM> is used to provide computational functionalities associated with described algorithms, methods, functions, processes, flows, and procedures, as described in this specification, according to an implementation.

The control system <NUM> includes a computer 300A. The illustrated computer 300A is intended to encompass any computing device such as a server, desktop computer, laptop/notebook computer, one or more processors within these devices, or any other suitable processing device, including physical or virtual instances (or both) of the computing device. Additionally, the computer 300A can include a computer that includes an input device, such as a keypad, keyboard <NUM>, touch screen, or other device that can accept user information, and an output device that conveys information associated with the operation of the computer 300A, including digital data, visual, audio information, or a combination of information.

In some implementations, the computer 300A includes an interface. The interface can provide a visual indication of one or more statuses, for example, the status of one or more of the valves of the apparatus <NUM> (open, closed, error, de-energized), the status of one or more of the fluid sampling conduits <NUM> (empty, full), the status of one or more of the vacuum capsules <NUM> (empty, full), power supply, and fill level of a collection vessel (for example, the collection vessel <NUM>, described later). In some implementations, two or more interfaces may be used according to particular needs, desires, or particular implementations of the computer 300A. Although not shown in <FIG>, the computer 300A can be communicably coupled with a network. The interface can used by the computer 300A for communicating with other systems that are connected to the network in a distributed environment. Generally, the interface comprises logic encoded in software or hardware (or a combination of software and hardware) and is operable to communicate with the network. More specifically, the interface may comprise software supporting one or more communication protocols associated with communications such that the network or interface's hardware is operable to communicate physical signals within and outside of the illustrated computer 300A.

The computer 300A includes a processor <NUM>. Although illustrated as a single processor <NUM> in <FIG>, two or more processors <NUM> can be used according to particular needs, desires, or particular implementations of the computer 300A. Generally, the processor <NUM> executes instructions and manipulates data to perform the operations of the computer 300A and any algorithms, methods, functions, processes, flows, and procedures as described in this specification.

The computer 300A includes a memory <NUM> that can hold data for the computer 300A or other components (or a combination of both) that can be connected to the network. Although illustrated as a single memory <NUM> in <FIG>, two or more memories <NUM> (of the same or combination of types) can be used according to particular needs, desires, or particular implementations of the computer 300A and the described functionality. While memory <NUM> is illustrated as an integral component of the computer 300A, memory <NUM> can be external to the computer 300A. The memory <NUM> can be a transitory or non-transitory storage medium.

The memory <NUM> stores computer-readable instructions executable by the processor <NUM> that, when executed, cause the processor <NUM> to perform operations, such as those described in this disclosure.

In some implementations, the computer 300A includes a power supply module <NUM>. The power supply module <NUM> can include a rechargeable or non-rechargeable battery that can be configured to be either user- or non-user-replaceable. In some implementations, the power supply module <NUM> includes a single battery. In some implementations, the power supply module <NUM> includes two or more batteries. The power supply module <NUM> can be hard-wired. In some implementations, the computer 300A is configured to monitor power supply. For example, if the computer 300A determines that the available power is not sufficient to complete a sample collection run through the entire length of the pipe <NUM>, the computer 300A can abort the run and de-energize all of the solenoid valves.

There may be any number of computers 300A associated with, or external to, a computer system containing computer 300A, each computer 300A communicating over the network. Further, the term "client," "user," "operator," and other appropriate terminology may be used interchangeably, as appropriate, without departing from this specification. Moreover, this specification contemplates that many users may use one computer 300A, or that one user may use multiple computers 300A.

In some implementations, the computer 300A also includes a database that can hold data for the computer 300A or other components (or a combination of both) that can be connected to the network. In some implementations, two or more databases (of the same or combination of types) can be used according to particular needs, desires, or particular implementations of the computer 300A and the described functionality. In some implementations, the database is an integral component of the computer 300A. In some implementations, database is external to the computer 300A.

In some implementations, the control system <NUM> includes an inert gas pressurization inlet valve. The inert gas pressurization inlet valve can be used to inject inert gas into any of the fluid sampling conduits <NUM>, any non-vacuum pipes, any closed cavities, and any internal electrical enclosures in the sampling apparatus <NUM> that may trap air, especially in cases in which the sampling apparatus <NUM> is used to sample gaseous fluids. The injection of inert gas can prevent formation of flammable mixtures.

The computer 300A is communicatively coupled to various components of the sampling apparatus <NUM> via wired connection, wireless connection, or a combination of both. For example, the computer 300A is communicatively coupled to the valves of the sampling apparatus <NUM>, such as the valves <NUM> controlling the flow of fluid into and out of the fluid sampling conduit <NUM>, the inlet valve <NUM> controlling the flow of material into the vacuum capsule <NUM>, and the outlet valve <NUM> controlling the flow of material out of the vacuum capsule <NUM>. In some implementations, the computer 300A is communicatively coupled to a solenoid driver module <NUM>, which is also communicatively coupled to the aforementioned valves. The computer 300A can transmit an open signal to any of these valves. The computer 300A can transmit a close signal to any of these valves.

In some implementations, the computer 300A is configured to transmit a signal that causes the initiation of the telescoping mechanism of one or more of the fluid sampling conduits <NUM>. In some implementations, the computer 300A is configured to maintain a log of which fluid sampling conduits <NUM> have been used to obtain fluid samples, so that those fluid sampling conduits <NUM> are not used again during the same run through of the pipe <NUM>. In some implementations, the computer 300A is configured to maintain a log of which vacuum capsules <NUM> have been used to obtain solid samples, so that those vacuum capsules <NUM> are not used again during the same run through of the pipe <NUM>.

In some implementations, all of the fluid sampling conduits <NUM> are connected by a header <NUM>. In some implementations, the header <NUM> is connected to a collection pipe <NUM> that includes an isolation valve <NUM>. In some implementations, the collection pipe <NUM> connects the header <NUM> to a collection vessel <NUM>. The isolation valve <NUM> can be opened to allow fluid to flow from the header <NUM> into the collection vessel <NUM>. The isolation valve <NUM> can be closed to prevent fluid from flowing from the header <NUM> into the collection vessel <NUM>.

In some implementations, the control system <NUM> includes a collection pump <NUM>. The collection pump <NUM> can be, for example, a servo-electric sampling pump. The collection pump <NUM> can facilitate flow of fluid from the pipe <NUM> into one or more of the fluid sampling conduits <NUM>, for example, in cases where the pressure difference between the pipe <NUM> and the fluid sampling conduit <NUM> is not sufficient for adequate fluid flow into the fluid sampling conduit <NUM>. The collection pump <NUM> can facilitate flow of fluid from the header <NUM> to the collection vessel <NUM>, for example, in cases where the pressure in the header <NUM> is not sufficient for adequate fluid flow from the header <NUM> to the collection vessel <NUM>. In some implementations, the control system <NUM> includes an additional isolation valve <NUM> downstream of the collection pump <NUM> and upstream of the collection vessel <NUM>.

In some implementations, the collection pump <NUM> also serves as a propelling mechanism for the apparatus <NUM> to move through the pipe <NUM>. For example, the collection pump <NUM> can pump fluid out of the collection vessel <NUM> and discharge the fluid out into the pipe <NUM>. This jetting mechanism propels the apparatus <NUM> in a direction opposite to the direction of fluid discharge. The computer 300A can control the collection pump <NUM> to facilitate storing fluid in the collection vessel <NUM>, discharge fluid from the collection vessel <NUM>, or both.

In some implementations, the control system <NUM> includes a transceiver <NUM> communicatively coupled to the processor <NUM>. The transceiver <NUM> can include, for example, an electromagnetic transceiver <NUM>. In some implementations, the transceiver <NUM> is used to receive signals, transmit signals, or both. Although illustrated as a single transceiver <NUM> in <FIG>, two or more memories <NUM> (of the same or combination of types) can be used according to particular needs, desires, or particular implementations of the computer 300A and the described functionality.

In some implementations, the control system <NUM> includes a magnet <NUM>. The magnet <NUM> is configured to produce a magnetic field. A receiver can be coupled to the pipe <NUM> (for example, a clamp-on receiver), and the receiver can detect the nearby presence of the sampling apparatus <NUM> in response to detecting the magnetic field produced by the magnet <NUM>. The receiver can be configured to transmit the location of the sampling apparatus <NUM> to a remote monitoring system. For example, the receiver can communicate with a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) which can then communicate with a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. In some implementations, the receiver coupled to the pipe <NUM> is an electrical magnet that generates magnetic flux pulses to an electromagnetic coil. Depending on the direction and predetermined location of the receiver, the control system <NUM> can detect the magnetic flux pulses generated by the receiver to verify or correct distance calculations. Multiple receivers can be distributed along the longitudinal length of the pipe <NUM> to help track the sampling apparatus <NUM> as it travels through the pipe <NUM>.

In some implementations, the control system <NUM> includes at least four magnets <NUM> distributed along a circumference (for example, at <NUM>°, <NUM>°, <NUM>°, and <NUM>°). The receiver can detect the corresponding magnetic fields produced by each of the magnets <NUM> and can identify both the location and orientation (for example, rotation) of the sampling apparatus <NUM> within the pipe <NUM>. In some implementations, the control system <NUM> communicates with the receiver and verifies or corrects distance calculations based on the communication with the receiver.

In some implementations, the control system <NUM> includes an inertia sensor <NUM>. The inertia sensor <NUM> includes at least one of an x-y-z accelerometer 311A, a gyroscope sensor 311B, or an inclinometer 311C. In some implementations (as shown in <FIG>), the inertia sensor <NUM> includes the x-y-z accelerometer 311A, the gyroscope sensor 311B, and the inclinometer 311C. The x-y-z accelerometer 311A is configured to sense axial, vertical radial, and horizontal radial acceleration of the sampling apparatus <NUM>. The <NUM>-axis measurements can be used in the traveled distance calculations. The <NUM>-axis measurements can also be used to record any anomalies encountered during a sampling run of the sampling apparatus <NUM>. For example, the x-y-z accelerometer 311A can detect the presence of a dent or protrusion on the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> as the sampling apparatus <NUM> travels through the pipe <NUM> based on a change in acceleration in one or more of the aforementioned directions of acceleration. The sampling apparatus <NUM> can record the instance of this anomaly in memory <NUM>. The gyroscope sensor 311B is configured to sense angular velocity of the sampling apparatus <NUM>. The measured angular velocity can be used in the traveled distance calculations. In some implementations, the gyroscope sensor 311B is mounted within the sampling apparatus <NUM> parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sampling apparatus <NUM>, so that the gyroscope sensor 311B produces a proportional output to a change in rotation angle with the sampling apparatus <NUM>. The inclinometer 311C.

In some implementations, the computer 300A is communicatively coupled to one or more of the odometer wheels <NUM>. The computer 300A can determined a relative location of the apparatus <NUM> within the pipe <NUM> based on data received from one or more of the odometer wheels <NUM> and the inertia sensor <NUM>. For example, the computer 300A can determine an axial position of the apparatus <NUM> in relation to the longitudinal length of the pipe <NUM>, a relative elevation of the apparatus <NUM> within the pipe <NUM> in relation to a reference elevation at the entrance point of the apparatus <NUM> into the pipe <NUM>, and orientation of the apparatus <NUM> in relation to the circumference of the pipe <NUM>.

The computer 300A can determine which of the fluid sampling conduits <NUM> to use to obtain a fluid sample and which of the vacuum capsules <NUM> to use to obtain a solid sample based on one or more factors such as location of the apparatus <NUM> within the pipe <NUM>. The computer 300A can use the data from the odometer wheel(s) <NUM> and the inertia sensor <NUM> to make such determinations. For example, while the apparatus <NUM> travels through the pipe <NUM>, a given fluid sampling conduit <NUM> designated as #<NUM> is determined to be at the <NUM>:<NUM> position with regards to the circumference of the cylindrical housing 201C at reference distance <NUM> kilometers given by one of the odometer wheels <NUM>. Once the apparatus <NUM> has traveled <NUM> kilometers through the pipe <NUM> (measured by the same odometer wheel <NUM>), the same fluid sampling conduit <NUM> (#<NUM>) is determined to be at the <NUM>:<NUM> position with regards to the circumference of the cylindrical housing 201C based on the inertia sensor <NUM>. If, for example, a user desires to collect fluid samples only at the <NUM>:<NUM> position, then the #<NUM> fluid sampling conduit <NUM> can be used at distance <NUM> kilometers, while a different fluid sampling conduit <NUM> (that has been determined to be at the <NUM>:<NUM> position at distance <NUM> kilometers) is used at distance <NUM> kilometers.

In some implementations, the control system <NUM> includes a reference vacuum capsule <NUM> and a differential pressure sensor <NUM>. The reference vacuum capsule <NUM> has a known internal pressure (less than atmospheric pressure). The differential pressure sensor <NUM> measures the pressure differential between the fluid in the pipe <NUM> and the internal pressure of the reference vacuum capsule, and the pressure within the pipe <NUM> can be determined based on the measured pressure differential and the known internal pressure of the reference vacuum capsule <NUM>. In some implementations, one of the vacuum capsules <NUM> serves as a reference vacuum capsule.

In some implementations, the control system <NUM> includes a servomotor <NUM>. The servomotor <NUM> can be, for example, a telescopic servomotor. The servomotor <NUM> is configured to extend a length of a telescopic collection conduit. The length of the telescopic collection conduit is extended to perform collection of fluid away from the main body of the sampling apparatus <NUM>. For example, the telescopic collection conduit can be extended to protrude from the sampling apparatus <NUM> and fluid can enter the extended telescopic collection conduit and then flow to one of the fluid sampling conduits <NUM>. By collecting fluid away from the main body of the sampling apparatus <NUM>, turbulence can be avoided. Fluid turbulence can be caused by the sampling apparatus <NUM> traveling through the pipe <NUM> and can interfere with fluid or solid sampling. By using the servomotor <NUM>, a representative sample (which more accurately represents the bulk fluid in the pipe <NUM>) can be obtained from within the pipe <NUM>. If fluid samples were to be obtained in the vicinity of one of the elastomeric rings 207A or 207B which collect contaminants as the sampling apparatus <NUM> travels through the pipe <NUM>, the fluid samples obtained may not accurately represent the composition of the fluid in that locale of the pipe <NUM>.

In some implementations, the servomotor <NUM> includes a threaded rod inserted in the telescopic collection conduit, which is formed by a series of concentric conduits with incrementally smaller diameters. Each of the concentric conduits include a nut that is threaded to the threaded rod. Rotating the threaded rod causes the telescoping mechanism (extending or retracting) of the servomotor <NUM>.

At least a portion of the control system <NUM> (for example, the electrical components of the control system <NUM>) is disposed within the body <NUM> of the apparatus <NUM>. In some implementations, the control system <NUM> includes a controller housing (not shown). In some implementations, the controller housing is coupled to an inner wall of the cylindrical housing 201C. In some implementations, the housing <NUM> serves as the controller housing. The controller housing can encase, for example, the processor <NUM>, the memory <NUM>, the power supply module <NUM>, and a sealed compartment that contains power and communication ports for wired communication and power charging.

<FIG> is a flow chart for an example method <NUM> for obtaining samples within a pipe (for example, the pipe <NUM>). The sampling apparatus <NUM> can be used to implement method <NUM>. The sampling apparatus <NUM> is disposed within the pipe <NUM>. At step <NUM>, a distance traveled by the apparatus <NUM> within the pipe is measured. The distance can be measured by one or more of the odometer wheels <NUM>. As the apparatus <NUM> travels through the pipe <NUM>, the odometer wheel <NUM>, which is in contact with the inner wall of the pipe <NUM>, rotates and measures the distance traveled based on this rotation.

At step <NUM>, a sample of the fluid flowing in the pipe <NUM> is obtained and stored within the apparatus <NUM>. The fluid sample can be obtained and stored by the fluid sampling conduit <NUM>. In some implementations, the processor <NUM> transmits an open signal to one of the valves (<NUM>) so that fluid flowing in the pipe <NUM> can enter the fluid sampling conduit <NUM>. After a period of time (for example, after a sufficient volume of fluid has entered the fluid sampling conduit <NUM>), the processor <NUM> can transmit a close signal to the same valve <NUM>, so that the fluid sample is stored within the fluid sampling conduit <NUM>.

In some implementations, the sampling apparatus <NUM> includes an analyzer module configured to measure a potential of hydrogen (pH) and detect presence of water and non-oleic contaminants of an obtained fluid sample (for example, a crude oil sample). In response to detecting water in a fluid sample, the control system <NUM> can determine location(s) at which additional samples are to be obtained in order to inspect for any water-related corrosion deposits. In some implementations, the analyzer module is configured to detect presence of organic and inorganic contaminants. For example, the analyzer module can detect the presence of sulfur-reducing bacteria. In some implementations, an In-Line Inspection (ILI) tool, which comprises a train of instrumented scrapers, takes a series of measurements that reveal various corrosion-related phenomena, such as corrosion deposits at various locations within the pipe <NUM>. The sampling apparatus <NUM> can be configured to obtain samples (fluid, solid, or both) at the locations identified by the ILI tool.

At step <NUM>, material disposed on the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> is removed. The material (for example, debris, corrosion/precipitate deposit, or both) can be removed by the elastomeric ring (207A, 207B) that is in contact with the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> as the apparatus <NUM> travels through the pipe <NUM>. For example, as the apparatus <NUM> travels through the pipe <NUM>, the elastomeric ring (207A, 207B), which is in contact with the inner wall of the pipe <NUM>, causes any solid material that may be deposited on the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> to detach from the inner wall of the pipe <NUM>.

At step <NUM>, at least a portion of the material that was removed from the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> at step <NUM> is obtained and stored within the apparatus <NUM>. This portion of material is a solid sample. The solid sample can be obtained and stored by the solid sampling subsystem <NUM>. In some implementations, the processor <NUM> transmits an open signal to one of the inlet valves <NUM> so that the material removed from the inner wall of the pipe <NUM> can flow through the tubing <NUM> and into the vacuum capsule <NUM> due to the difference in pressure between the pipe and the vacuum capsule <NUM>. After a period of time, the processor <NUM> can transmit a close signal to the same valve <NUM>, so that the solid sample is stored within the vacuum capsule <NUM>.

In some implementations, a change in inertia of the apparatus <NUM> within the pipe <NUM> is measured. The change in inertia can be measured by the inertia sensor <NUM>. In some implementations, a location of the apparatus <NUM> within the pipe <NUM> is determined based on the distance measured at step <NUM> and the measured change in inertia.

One or more of the steps of method <NUM> can occur simultaneously. One or more of the steps of method <NUM> can be repeated. As one example, step <NUM> can be repeated throughout implementation of method <NUM> and during any of the other steps of method <NUM>. For example, step <NUM> is repeated with step <NUM>. For example, step <NUM> is repeated with step <NUM>. In some implementations, one or more of the steps of method <NUM> occur at the same location within the pipe <NUM>. In some implementations, one or more of the steps of method <NUM> occur at different locations within the pipe <NUM>. For example, step <NUM> and step <NUM> occur at the same location within the pipe <NUM>. For example, step <NUM> occurs at a first location within the pipe <NUM>, and step <NUM> occurs at a second location within the pipe <NUM> (different from the first location). Furthermore, although described as traveling through the pipe <NUM>, the apparatus <NUM> can instead remain stationary within the pipe <NUM> and still be able to perform its fluid sampling and solid sampling functions.

While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular implementations. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented, in combination, in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations, separately, or in any suitable sub-combination. Moreover, although previously described features may be described as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can, in some cases, be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a sub-combination.

As used in this disclosure, the terms "a," "an," or "the" are used to include one or more than one unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term "or" is used to refer to a nonexclusive "or" unless otherwise indicated. The statement "at least one of A and B" has the same meaning as "A, B, or A and B. " In addition, it is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed in this disclosure, and not otherwise defined, is for the purpose of description only and not of limitation. Any use of section headings is intended to aid reading of the document and is not to be interpreted as limiting; information that is relevant to a section heading may occur within or outside of that particular section.

As used in this disclosure, the term "about" or "approximately" can allow for a degree of variability in a value or range, for example, within <NUM>%, within <NUM>%, or within <NUM>% of a stated value or of a stated limit of a range.

As used in this disclosure, the term "substantially" refers to a majority of, or mostly, as in at least about <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, or at least about <NUM>% or more.

Values expressed in a range format should be interpreted in a flexible manner to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited. For example, a range of "<NUM>% to about <NUM>%" or "<NUM>% to <NUM>%" should be interpreted to include about <NUM>% to about <NUM>%, as well as the individual values (for example, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, and <NUM>%) and the sub-ranges (for example, <NUM>% to <NUM>%, <NUM>% to <NUM>%, <NUM>% to <NUM>%) within the indicated range. The statement "X to Y" has the same meaning as "about X to about Y," unless indicated otherwise. Likewise, the statement "X, Y, or Z" has the same meaning as "about X, about Y, or about Z," unless indicated otherwise.

Claim 1:
An apparatus (<NUM>) comprising:
a body (<NUM>) configured to be disposed within a pipe flowing a fluid;
a fluid sampling conduit (<NUM>) disposed within the body, the fluid sampling conduit including open ends with a valve, the fluid sampling conduit configured to obtain a sample of the fluid flowing in the pipe;
an odometer wheel (<NUM>) coupled to the body, the odometer wheel configured to measure a distance traveled by the apparatus within the pipe based on rotating while contacting an inner wall of the pipe as the apparatus travels through the pipe;
an elastomeric ring (<NUM>) surrounding at least a portion of the body, the elastomeric ring configured to contact the inner wall of the pipe and remove material disposed on the inner wall of the pipe as the apparatus travels through the pipe; and
a solid sampling subsystem (<NUM>) coupled to and external to the body, the solid sampling subsystem comprising
a capsule (<NUM>),
an inlet valve (<NUM>) coupled to the capsule, and
a tubing (<NUM>) coupled to the inlet valve, wherein the inlet valve is configured to, when opened, allow at least a portion of material removed from the inner wall of the pipe by the elastomeric ring to flow through the tubing and into the capsule.