Patent Description:
The advent of small, mobile multipurpose devices such as smartphones and tablet or pad devices has resulted in a need for high-resolution, small form factor cameras for integration in the devices. A temperature change may result in thermal expansion/contraction, resulting in an optics focus shift. Some small form factor cameras may incorporate optical image stabilization (OIS) mechanisms including actuators to compensate for optics focus shift over temperature. Such OIS mechanisms may increase design complexity, manufacturing difficulty, cost, and reliability risk. <CIT> discloses an imaging system in which a change in focal length due to temperature changes is measured and used to process a captured image to compensate for the change. <CIT> discloses an image sensor with prism-based focal plane adjustment for thermal compensation. <CIT> discloses an integrated image sensor and camera lens apparatus with thermal expansion compensation.

The claimed invention provides a camera module, comprising: a lens assembly having an optical design, the lens assembly including at least: a lens barrel; and multiple lens elements embedded within the lens barrel, wherein a change of temperature causes an optical focal shift that is determined according to an optical thermal shift rate associated with the optical design; a lens holder having a lens holder coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) to compensate for the optical focal shift by thermo-mechanical expansion, wherein: a first area of the lens holder is attached to the lens barrel using a lens attach adhesive; and the change of temperature causes a length expansion of the lens holder that is determined at least in part according to the lens holder CTE; and an image sensor assembly that includes at least: an image sensor configured to capture light passing through the multiple lens elements of the lens assembly and to convert the captured light into image signals; and a substrate coupled to the image sensor, wherein a second area of the lens holder is attached to the substrate using a holder attach adhesive.

A selection of optional features is set out in the dependent claims.

This specification includes references to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment. " The appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner consistent with this disclosure.

"Comprising. " This term is open-ended. As used in the appended claims, this term does not foreclose additional structure or steps. Consider a claim that recites: "An apparatus comprising one or more processor units. " Such a claim does not foreclose the apparatus from including additional components (e.g., a network interface unit, graphics circuitry, etc.).

"Configured To. " Various units, circuits, or other components may be described or claimed as "configured to" perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, "configured to" is used to connote structure by indicating that the units/circuits/components include structure (e.g., circuitry) that performs those task or tasks during operation. As such, the unit/circuit/component can be said to be configured to perform the task even when the specified unit/circuit/component is not currently operational (e.g., is not on). The units/circuits/components used with the "configured to" language include hardware-for example, circuits, memory storing program instructions executable to implement the operation, etc. Reciting that a unit/circuit/component is "configured to" perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke <NUM> U. § <NUM>, sixth paragraph, for that unit/circuit/component. Additionally, "configured to" can include generic structure (e.g., generic circuitry) that is manipulated by software and/or firmware (e.g., an FPGA or a general-purpose processor executing software) to operate in manner that is capable of performing the task(s) at issue. "Configure to" may also include adapting a manufacturing process (e.g., a semiconductor fabrication facility) to fabricate devices (e.g., integrated circuits) that are adapted to implement or perform one or more tasks.

"First," "Second," etc. As used herein, these terms are used as labels for nouns that they precede, and do not imply any type of ordering (e.g., spatial, temporal, logical, etc.). For example, a buffer circuit may be described herein as performing write operations for "first" and "second" values. The terms "first" and "second" do not necessarily imply that the first value must be written before the second value.

" As used herein, this term is used to describe one or more factors that affect a determination. This term does not foreclose additional factors that may affect a determination. That is, a determination may be solely based on those factors or based, at least in part, on those factors. Consider the phrase "determine A based on B. " While in this case, B is a factor that affects the determination of A, such a phrase does not foreclose the determination of A from also being based on C. In other instances, A may be determined based solely on B.

The present disclosure describes a design for a camera, such as a fixed focus rear camera for a mobile device, whereby the mechanical design is developed around an image sensor and optics to provide "athermalization. " In other words, the function of the mechanical design of the package is to compensate for the focal shift of the optics over temperature. The mechanical design, including aspects such as architecture, geometry and material properties, are described further herein. The mechanical design corresponds to a two-body design in which a lens holder has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) designed to thermo-mechanically compensate for an optics focus shift over temperature associated with a particular optical design by thermal expansion.

In contrast to other fixed focus assembly concepts such as threaded lens design or a unibody design, the two-body design of the present disclosure may provide several design advantages. To illustrate, the mechanical design of the present disclosure is a threadless design. Compared to a threaded design, the mechanical design of the present disclosure reduces the impact of torque onto optics reliability. Further, the threadless design avoids "fit" issues due to circularity of lens housing (non-symmetrical) and adds flexibility in the location of the attachment method. Compared to a unibody design, the two-body design of the present disclosure has a separate housing design from lens barrel/optics development. Further, the two-body design decouples functions, with the high CTE lens holder material not limited by lens barrel material requirements.

<FIG> illustrates a mobile computing device <NUM> with a camera module <NUM>, a sensor <NUM>, and a light source module <NUM>. <FIG> further illustrates a cross-sectional view of detail of the camera module <NUM> of the mobile computing device <NUM>. <FIG> depicts a simplified view of a lens assembly <NUM> of the camera module <NUM>. In some embodiments, the lens assembly <NUM> has a particular optical design that includes at least a lens barrel and multiple lens elements embedded within the lens barrel. <FIG> depicts a detailed view of a particular embodiment of such an optical design, in which the lens assembly <NUM> includes a lens barrel <NUM> and multiple lens elements <NUM> embedded within the lens barrel <NUM>. As described further herein, a change in temperature causes an optical focal shift (depicted as a downward arrow labeled "Optics Thermal Focus Shift" in <FIG> and <FIG>) that is determined according to a particular optical thermal shift rate associated with the particular optical design (see e.g. <FIG> for the particular optical design depicted in <FIG>). <FIG> further illustrates that the camera module <NUM> also includes a lens holder <NUM> having a lens holder CTE to compensate for the optical focal shift by thermo-mechanical expansion (depicted as an upward arrow labeled "Thermo-Mechanical Compensation" in <FIG> and <FIG>). The change in temperature causes a length expansion of the lens holder <NUM> that is determined at least in part according to the lens holder CTE. As described further herein, the lens holder <NUM> is designed to have material properties such that the thermo-mechanical expansion of the lens holder <NUM> sufficiently compensates for the optical focal shift to satisfy an image quality metric. To illustrate, the thermo-mechanical expansion of the lens holder <NUM> may be sufficient to prevent a loss in image sharpness that may appear visible to a user (also referred to as a "just noticeable" defect).

The detailed cross-sectional view of <FIG> illustrates that the camera module <NUM> of the mobile computing device <NUM> also includes an image sensor assembly <NUM>. The image sensor assembly <NUM> includes an image sensor <NUM> that is configured to capture light passing through the lens assembly <NUM> and to convert the captured light into image signals. The image sensor assembly <NUM> includes a substrate <NUM> that is coupled to the image sensor <NUM>. In <FIG>, a "rear" side of the mobile device <NUM> is illustrated to show that the camera module <NUM> may be a fixed focus rear camera. While not shown in <FIG>, the mobile device <NUM> may include a display on a "front" side. Further, the mobile device <NUM> of <FIG> may include one or more processors configured to cause the display (on the front side) to present an image based at least in part on one or more of the image signals from the image sensor <NUM>.

A first area of the lens holder <NUM> may be attached to the lens assembly <NUM> using a lens attach adhesive <NUM>, and a second area of the lens holder <NUM> may be attached to the substrate <NUM> using a holder attach adhesive <NUM>. As described further herein, both the lens attach adhesive <NUM> and the holder attach adhesive <NUM> may be selected to form bonds to the lens holder <NUM> that are reliable under thermal stress. To illustrate, the lens holder CTE may be relatively high compared to a lens barrel material and/or a substrate material, representing a CTE mismatch. Improper selection of adhesive may result in delamination over thermal stress (i.e. temperature cycling). Accordingly, the lens attach adhesive <NUM> may be selected such that the adhesive properties achieve a reliable bond between the lens holder <NUM> and the lens barrel <NUM>, and the holder attach adhesive <NUM> may be selected such that the adhesive properties achieve a reliable bond between the lens holder <NUM> and the substrate <NUM>.

In some embodiments, the lens attach adhesive <NUM> may correspond to an epoxy resin available from Dexerials or Namics having the following material properties: a CTE value within a range of <NUM> to <NUM> ppm/°C; and an elastic modulus value in a range of <NUM> to <NUM> mPa. In some embodiments, the holder attach adhesive <NUM> may correspond to an epoxy resin available from Namics or Henkel having the following material properties: a CTE value within a range of <NUM> to <NUM> ppm/°C; and an elastic modulus value in a range of <NUM> to <NUM> mPa.

The detailed cross-sectional view of <FIG> further illustrates that, in some embodiments, the camera module <NUM> may include a filter <NUM>, such as an infrared component filter (IRCF). The filter <NUM> may be located below the lens assembly <NUM> in some embodiments. As such, in some instances, light may pass through one or more lenses of the lens assembly <NUM>, then through the filter <NUM>, and to the image sensor <NUM>. According to some embodiments, there may be a gap portion between the filter <NUM> and the image sensor <NUM>. In some embodiments, the gap portion may comprise air, or other gasses, such as nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, etc. In some embodiments, a gap portion may be a vacuum layer.

The detailed cross-sectional view of <FIG> further illustrates that a gap <NUM> between the lens assembly <NUM> and the lens holder <NUM>. The gap <NUM> is sufficient to allow for thermo-mechanical expansion of the lens holder <NUM> without impacting the lens assembly <NUM> via contact during thermal cycling. The detailed cross-sectional view of <FIG> further illustrates that the image sensor assembly <NUM> may include a stiffener <NUM> for protection of internal components of the image sensor assembly <NUM>, including e.g. a flexible printed circuit (FPC) <NUM> to receive image signals from the image sensor <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates that, in some embodiments, the lens holder <NUM> may include one or more lens barrel ledges <NUM> for positioning of the lens assembly <NUM> within the lens holder <NUM>, as illustrated and further described herein with respect to <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG>. A camera active alignment process ensures that, at room temperature, the lens focus is aligned at the top of image sensor <NUM> for maximum image quality (illustrated by an optical axis <NUM> in <FIG>). As the temperature of the lens assembly <NUM> changes (with respect to room temperature), the position of optical focus shifts, either towards or away from the mean position. This results in degraded image quality. In the camera module <NUM> of the present disclosure, focal repositioning is achieved by "athermalization," where the lens holder <NUM> expands thermally to re-adjust the lens-to-sensor distance and restore image quality. In order to achieve satisfactory athermalization, a resin material utilized to form the lens holder <NUM> may be carefully selected for a desired thermal compensation. The resin material is selected such that a thermo-mechanical compensation rate of the lens holder <NUM> is similar to an optics thermal defocus rate associated with the lens assembly <NUM>. Relatively similar rates reduce the potential over/under compensation associated with rate differences.

Referring to <FIG>, a detailed cross-sectional view illustrates a particular embodiment of an optical design, in which the lens assembly <NUM> includes a lens barrel <NUM> and multiple lens elements <NUM> embedded within the lens barrel <NUM>. For a particular optical design for the lens assembly <NUM>, the present disclosure may include simulating a defocus rate based on thermal characteristics and using this defocus rate as a target thermal expansion rate for the lens holder <NUM> to compensate for this defocus rate.

In some embodiments, the optical thermal shift rate for the lens assembly <NUM> may be within a range of <NUM>/°C to <NUM>/°C. In this case, the compensation rate is targeted to cancel the optical focus shift. To illustrate, an increase in temperature causes thermal expansion of the lens holder <NUM> along a characteristic dimension of the lens holder <NUM> defined with respect to the optical axis <NUM> (also referred to herein as a "length" of the lens holder <NUM>). The increase in temperature also causes thermal expansion of the lens attach adhesive <NUM> as well as the holder attach adhesive <NUM>. As such, a "total" thermal expansion rate may vary based on a particular combination of CTE of the lens holder <NUM> (the "lens holder CTE"), CTE of the lens attach adhesive <NUM>, and CTE of the holder attach adhesive <NUM>.

In some embodiments, the lens holder CTE may be within a range of <NUM> parts-per-million(ppm)/°C to <NUM> ppm/°C, and the lens holder <NUM> may have a water absorption property of less than <NUM> percent to provide satisfactory dimensional stability of the lens holder <NUM> over moisture. In some cases, the lens holder <NUM> may be a polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) material. Alternatively, the lens holder <NUM> may be an alloy of a polycarbonate (PC) material and a PBT material. It will be appreciated that alternative plastic materials satisfying particular performance criteria may also be utilized for the lens holder <NUM>.

In some embodiments (e.g., when the lens holder <NUM> is a PBT material), the lens holder CTE may be within a range of <NUM> parts-per-million(ppm)/°C to <NUM> ppm/°C, and the lens barrel <NUM> may be a PC material having a lens barrel CTE of about <NUM> ppm/°C. In this example, the lens attach adhesive <NUM> may correspond to an epoxy resin available from Dexerials or Namics having the following material properties: a CTE value within a range of <NUM> to <NUM> ppm/°C; and an elastic modulus value in a range of <NUM> to <NUM> mPa.

In some embodiments (e.g., when the lens holder <NUM> is a PBT material), the lens holder CTE may be within a range of <NUM> parts-per-million(ppm)/°C to <NUM> ppm/°C, and the substrate <NUM> may be an alumina ceramic material having a substrate CTE of about <NUM> ppm/°C. In this example, the holder attach adhesive <NUM> may correspond to an epoxy resin available from Namics or Henkel having the following material properties: a CTE value within a range of <NUM> to <NUM> ppm/°C; and an elastic modulus value in a range of <NUM> to <NUM> mPa.

Thus, <FIG> and <FIG> illustrate an example of a lens holder to compensate for an optical focal shift by thermo-mechanical expansion. As described further herein with respect to <FIG>, the lens holder depicted in <FIG> may be manufactured using an injection molding process that utilizes an injection mold with a symmetrical arrangement of multiple injection molding gates (e.g., four gates, with one gate for each side). The symmetrical arrangement is designed to provide substantially similar resin flow through each of the gates for substantially isotropic material properties throughout the lens holder.

<FIG> illustrates a cross-sectional view of the lens assembly <NUM>, illustrating various changes of length resulting from thermal expansion/contraction due to temperature change.

Thermal expansion may be described by the thermal expansion equation below: <MAT>.

In the thermal expansion equation above, L<NUM> is an initial length (e.g., a length at room temperature, such as during the component active assembly process); ΔL is the length change; α is the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) for the particular material; and ΔT is the temperature range.

In <FIG>, multiple length values are illustrated to show different components of a total length change for thermo-mechanical compensation of the optics thermal focal shift depicted in <FIG> and <FIG>. In <FIG>, a first length value (identified as "L1") <NUM> is designed to illustrate a length component associated with the lens attach adhesive <NUM>; a second length value (identified as "L2") is designed to illustrate a length component associated with the lens holder <NUM>; and a third length value (identified as "L3") is designed to illustrate a length component associated with the holder attach adhesive <NUM>. As described further herein, a thermo-mechanical compensation rate resulting from the total length of expansion (including each of the length components <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>) is targeted to cancel an optical focus shift for a particular sensor/optics configuration. It will be appreciated that the second length component <NUM> may represent the most substantial component, thereby providing the largest contribution to the thermo-mechanical expansion.

With respect to image quality for user impact, studies around "just noticeable" defect (JND) metrics suggest that a defocus rate of about <NUM>-<NUM>/°C may appear visible to a user. In other words, defocus of about <NUM>-<NUM> over a <NUM> temperature range causes sufficient loss in image sharpness to be noticeable by the user. In some embodiments, an optical shift rate associated with a particular sensor/optics configuration (e.g., the design depicted in <FIG> and <FIG>) may be within a range between <NUM>/°C and <NUM>/°C. A determination of the optical shift rate is described further herein with respect to the example depicted in <FIG>. An illustrative, non-limiting example of an optical shift rate within this range is <NUM>/°C for a temperature range of <NUM> to <NUM>. In this case, the lens holder <NUM> may have a CTE value within a range between <NUM> ppm/°C and <NUM> ppm/°C to satisfy an image quality performance metric, such as a JND metric of about <NUM>-<NUM>/°C.

As a first example, the lens holder <NUM> may be formed from a first polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) material, and the lens holder <NUM> has a first CTE value of <NUM> ppm/°C. An example of such a PBT material may be Crastin™ from Dupont. In this case, the expansion rate of the lens holder <NUM> may be <NUM>/°C, representing a total defocus rate of <NUM>/°C when compared to an optical shift rate of <NUM>/°C. This total defocus rate would satisfy the JND metric of about <NUM>-<NUM>/°C for image quality.

As a second example, the lens holder <NUM> may be formed from a second PBT material, and the lens holder <NUM> has a second CTE value of <NUM> ppm/°C. An example of such a PBT material may be Novoduran™ from Mitsubishi. In this case, the expansion rate of the lens holder <NUM> may be <NUM>/°C, representing a total defocus rate of -<NUM>/°C when compared to an optical shift rate of <NUM>/°C. This total defocus rate would also satisfy the JND metric of about <NUM>-<NUM>/°C for image quality.

As a third example, the lens holder <NUM> may be formed from a mixture of a polycarbonate (PC) material and a PBT material (also referred to herein as a "PC/PBT" material or a PC/PBT alloy), and the lens holder <NUM> has a third CTE value of <NUM> ppm/°C. An example of such a PC/PBT material may be Duranex™ from Polyplastics. In this case, the expansion rate of the lens holder <NUM> may be <NUM>/°C, representing a total defocus rate of <NUM>/°C when compared to an optical shift rate of <NUM>/°C. This total defocus rate would also satisfy the JND metric of about <NUM>-<NUM>/°C for image quality.

It will be appreciated that the above examples are for illustrative purposes only. Rather, the examples serve to illustrate that selecting a lens holder material with a particular CTE value may result in the thermo-mechanical expansion rate substantially offsetting the optical focus shift, such that a total defocus rate may satisfy an image quality performance metric such as the JND metric described herein.

<FIG> illustrates a side view of the particular optical design for the lens assembly <NUM> depicted in <FIG> (including the multiple lens elements <NUM> within the lens barrel <NUM>) to show an example of such an optical focus shift.

Optical shift over temperature is caused by three factors. The first factor is the change in the index of refraction over temperature. As the index of refraction changes, so too does the power of the lens which causes a change in focal length regardless of any mechanical changes. This is the dominant reason that the optical focus shifts. The second factor is the change in the surface figure (the physical shape of the lens) which also changes the focal length of the lens. The third factor is that any change in the mechanical length of the component that will shift the focus position.

A change in focal length (Δf), as depicted in <FIG>, may be described by Equation (I) below: <MAT>.

In Equation(I), f is the focal length, and ΔT is the change in temperature from nominal. In Equation(I), β may be described by Equation (II) below: <MAT>.

In Equation(II), α is the material CTE; n(λ) is the index of refraction at the design wavelength; and <MAT> is the change in the relative index of refraction over temperature.

As the focus changes with respect to temperature, it can be described as a rate of change by examining the change in focus over the change in temperature. This change can be approximated by the first order equation corresponding to Equation(III) below: <MAT>.

This rate of change is referred to herein as "an optical shift rate over temperature" or simply "an optical shift rate.

<FIG> is a cross-sectional perspective view of the camera module <NUM> of <FIG>, illustrating the lens holder <NUM> bonded to the image sensor assembly <NUM> and the lens barrel <NUM>. <FIG> is a perspective view of the lens holder <NUM> prior to the lens holder <NUM> being bonded to the image sensor assembly <NUM> and the lens barrel <NUM>, as shown in <FIG>. The perspective view depicted in <FIG> shows that the lens holder <NUM> may have multiple lens barrel ledges 502a-n to receive corresponding portions of the lens barrel <NUM>. In the perspective view of <FIG>, a first lens barrel ledge 502a and a second lens barrel ledge 502b are visible, with two other lens barrel ledges obscured from view. As illustrated and further described herein with respect to <FIG>, the first lens barrel ledge 502a may align with a first injection mold gate location of an injection mold used to form the lens holder <NUM>, and the second lens barrel ledge 502b may align with a second injection mold gate location of the injection mold.

<FIG> illustrate a four gate design for injection molding to form the lens holder <NUM> depicted in <FIG>. <FIG> is a top view of the injection mold, illustrating four injection mold gate locations 602a-d arranged symmetrically with respect to a symmetry axis <NUM>. <FIG> is a side view of the injection mold, illustrating a side dimension of a first side 610a of the inject mold corresponding to a first injection mold gate location 602a of the four injection mold gate locations 602a-d depicted in the top view of <FIG>. In an illustrative, non-limiting example of a lens holder designed to accommodate a particular optical design (such as the lens assembly <NUM> depicted in <FIG> and <FIG>), the side dimension of the first side 610a may be <NUM>, and each side of the injection mold may have a substantially similar side dimension of <NUM>. In this example, each of the injection mold gate locations 602a-d may be centered on an axis located at the midpoint of the side dimension (i.e., at <NUM> along a <NUM> side dimension).

The symmetrical arrangement of the injection mold gate locations 602a-d is designed to provide substantially equal flow of resin into the injection mold to provide symmetrical material properties for the lens holder <NUM>. Such symmetrical material properties are designed to provide stable/symmetric thermal expansion of the lens holder <NUM> to ensure substantially equal Z offset of the optics (to be housed within the lens holder <NUM>, such as the lens assembly <NUM> depicted in <FIG> and <FIG>) to prevent a tilt that would cause loss of sharpness towards the edge of the field (blurry corners).

Thus, the four gate design depicted in <FIG> represents an example of a process of forming a substantially isotropic plastic lens holder via injection molding. It will be appreciated that alternative injection mold designs may also provide substantially symmetrical material properties for the lens holder, thereby preventing tilt of the optics during temperature cycling.

<FIG> is a perspective view of the lens holder <NUM> of <FIG>, which may be formed according to the injection molding process described with respect to <FIG>. <FIG> illustrates the addition of the lens attach adhesive <NUM> to a first area of the lens holder <NUM>. In some embodiments, the lens attach adhesive <NUM> may be used to bond the lens barrel <NUM> of the lens assembly <NUM> to the lens holder <NUM> during a camera active alignment assembly process. In some embodiments, during the camera active alignment assembly process, corresponding features of the lens barrel <NUM> may be aligned with the lens barrel ledges (with two of the ledges 502a and 502b shown in <FIG>) for proper positioning of the lens barrel <NUM> within the lens holder <NUM>, as shown in the cross-sectional perspective view depicted in <FIG>.

<FIG> is an inverted perspective view of the lens holder <NUM> of <FIG>, illustrating the addition of the holder attach adhesive <NUM> to a second area of the lens holder <NUM>. In some embodiments, the holder attach adhesive <NUM> may be used to bond the substrate <NUM> of the image sensor assembly <NUM> to the lens holder <NUM> during a camera active alignment assembly process.

In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device may include one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick.

The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application.

The various applications that may be executed on the device may use one or more common physical user-interface devices, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device may support the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user.

<FIG> illustrate a mobile device <NUM> that may include one or more camera modules, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the device <NUM> may include one or multiple features, components, and/or functionality of embodiments described herein with respect to <FIG> and <FIG>.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the device <NUM> of <FIG> may correspond to a mobile device that may be utilized to perform various methods described further herein, such as the mobile device <NUM> depicted in <FIG>. For example, the camera module <NUM> of the device <NUM> depicted in <FIG> may correspond to the camera module <NUM> of the mobile device <NUM> depicted in <FIG>. As another example, the sensor <NUM> of the device <NUM> depicted in <FIG> may correspond to the sensor <NUM> of the mobile device <NUM> depicted in <FIG>. As yet another example, the light source module <NUM> of the device <NUM> depicted in <FIG> may correspond to the light source module <NUM> depicted in <FIG>.

<FIG> illustrates that a "front" side of the device <NUM> may have a touch screen <NUM>. The touch screen <NUM> may display one or more graphics within user interface (UI) <NUM>. In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers <NUM> (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses <NUM> (not drawn to scale in the figure).

Device <NUM> may also include one or more physical buttons, such as "home" or menu button <NUM>, which may be used to navigate to any application <NUM> (see <FIG>) in a set of applications that may be executed on device <NUM>. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a graphics user interface (GUI) displayed on touch screen <NUM>.

In one embodiment, device <NUM> includes touch screen <NUM>, menu button <NUM>, push button <NUM> for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s) <NUM>, Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot <NUM>, head set jack <NUM>, and docking/charging external port <NUM>. Push button <NUM> may be used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device <NUM> also may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates that a "rear" side of the device <NUM> may include a camera <NUM>, in accordance with some embodiments. The camera <NUM>, which is sometimes called an "optical sensor" for convenience, may also be known as or called an optical sensor system. The camera <NUM> includes one or more camera modules, including at least one of the camera modules described herein. <FIG> further illustrates sensor <NUM> and light source module <NUM>. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the camera <NUM> of the device <NUM> depicted in <FIG> includes a fixed focus rear camera that may include the camera module <NUM> of the mobile device <NUM> depicted in <FIG>. In some embodiments, the sensor <NUM> of device <NUM> may correspond to the sensor <NUM> depicted in <FIG>, and the light source module <NUM> of device <NUM> may correspond to the light source module <NUM> depicted in <FIG>.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a camera module of the camera <NUM> may include a lens assembly, a lens holder, and an image sensor assembly. The lens assembly has a particular optical design and includes at least a lens barrel and multiple lens elements embedded within the lens barrel. A change of temperature causes an optical focal shift that is determined according to a particular optical thermal shift rate associated with the particular optical design. The lens holder has a lens holder CTE to compensate for the optical focal shift by thermo-mechanical expansion. The change of temperature causes a length expansion of the lens holder that is determined at least in part according to the lens holder CTE. The image sensor assembly includes at least an image sensor and a substrate coupled to the image sensor. The image sensor is configured to capture light passing through the multiple lens elements of the lens assembly and to convert the captured light into image signals. A first area of the lens holder is attached to the lens barrel of the lens assembly using a lens attach adhesive, and a second area of the lens holder is attached to the substrate of the image sensor assembly using a holder attach adhesive.

Referring to <FIG>, a block diagram illustrates that device <NUM> may include memory <NUM> (which may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller <NUM>, one or more processing units (CPU's) <NUM>, peripherals interface <NUM>, RF circuitry <NUM>, audio circuitry <NUM>, speaker <NUM>, touch-sensitive display system <NUM>, microphone <NUM>, input/output (I/O) subsystem <NUM>, other input control devices <NUM>, and external port <NUM>. Device <NUM> may include one or more optical sensors <NUM>. These components may communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines <NUM>.

It should be appreciated that device <NUM> is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device <NUM> may have more or fewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in <FIG> may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits.

Memory <NUM> may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory <NUM> by other components of device <NUM>, such as CPU <NUM> and the peripherals interface <NUM>, may be controlled by memory controller <NUM>.

Peripherals interface <NUM> can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU <NUM> and memory <NUM>. The one or more processors <NUM> run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory <NUM> to perform various functions for device <NUM> and to process data.

In some embodiments, peripherals interface <NUM>, CPU <NUM>, and memory controller <NUM> may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip <NUM>. In some other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips.

RF (radio frequency) circuitry <NUM> receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry <NUM> converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry <NUM> may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry <NUM> may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may use any of a variety of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE <NUM>. 11a, IEEE <NUM>. 11b, IEEE <NUM> and/or IEEE <NUM>. 11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document.

Audio circuitry <NUM>, speaker <NUM>, and microphone <NUM> provide an audio interface between a user and device <NUM>. Audio circuitry <NUM> receives audio data from peripherals interface <NUM>, converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker <NUM>. Speaker <NUM> converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry <NUM> also receives electrical signals converted by microphone <NUM> from sound waves. Audio circuitry <NUM> converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface <NUM> for processing. Audio data may be retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory <NUM> and/or RF circuitry <NUM> by peripherals interface <NUM>. In some embodiments, audio circuitry <NUM> also includes a headset jack (e.g., <NUM>, <FIG>). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry <NUM> and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone).

I/O subsystem <NUM> couples input/output peripherals on device <NUM>, such as touch screen <NUM> and other input control devices <NUM>, to peripherals interface <NUM>. I/O subsystem <NUM> may include display controller <NUM> and one or more input controllers <NUM> for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers <NUM> receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices <NUM>. The other input control devices <NUM> may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternative embodiments, input controller(s) <NUM> may be coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., <NUM>, <FIG>) may include an up/down button for volume control of speaker <NUM> and/or microphone <NUM>. The one or more buttons may include a push button (e.g., <NUM>, <FIG>).

Touch-sensitive display <NUM> provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller <NUM> receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen <NUM>. Touch screen <NUM> displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed "graphics"). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects.

Touch screen <NUM> has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen <NUM> and display controller <NUM> (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory <NUM>) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen <NUM> and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch screen <NUM>. In an example embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen <NUM> and the user corresponds to a finger of the user.

Touch screen <NUM> may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touch screen <NUM> and display controller <NUM> may detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a variety of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen <NUM>. In an example embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology may be used.

Touch screen <NUM> may have a video resolution in excess of <NUM> dots per inch (dpi). In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately <NUM> dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen <NUM> using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user.

In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device <NUM> may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen <NUM> or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.

Device <NUM> also includes power system <NUM> for powering the various components. Power system <NUM> may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices.

Device <NUM> may also include one or more optical sensors <NUM> and one or more cameras <NUM>. <FIG> shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller <NUM> in I/O subsystem <NUM>. Optical sensor <NUM> may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor <NUM> receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with camera(s) <NUM>, optical sensor <NUM> may capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device <NUM>, opposite touch screen display <NUM> on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display may be used as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user's image may be obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other videoconference participants on the touch screen display.

Device <NUM> may also include one or more proximity sensors <NUM>. <FIG> shows proximity sensor <NUM> coupled to peripherals interface <NUM>. Alternatively, proximity sensor <NUM> may be coupled to input controller <NUM> in I/O subsystem <NUM>. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch screen <NUM> when the multifunction device is placed near the user's ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call).

Device <NUM> includes one or more orientation sensors <NUM>. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors include one or more accelerometers (e.g., one or more linear accelerometers and/or one or more rotational accelerometers). In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors include one or more gyroscopes. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors include one or more magnetometers. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors include one or more of global positioning system (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and/or other global navigation system receivers. The GPS, GLONASS, and/or other global navigation system receivers may be used for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device <NUM>. In some embodiments, the one or more orientation sensors include any combination of orientation/rotation sensors. <FIG> shows the one or more orientation sensors <NUM> coupled to peripherals interface <NUM>. Alternatively, the one or more orientation sensors <NUM> may be coupled to an input controller <NUM> in I/O subsystem <NUM>. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more orientation sensors.

In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory <NUM> include operating system <NUM>, communication module (or set of instructions) <NUM>, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) <NUM>, graphics module (or set of instructions) <NUM>, text input module (or set of instructions) <NUM>, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions) <NUM>, and applications (or sets of instructions) <NUM>. Furthermore, in some embodiments memory <NUM> stores device/global internal state <NUM>. Device/global internal state <NUM> includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch screen display <NUM>; sensor state, including information obtained from the device's various sensors and input control devices <NUM>; and location information concerning the device's location and/or attitude.

Operating system <NUM> (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components.

Communication module <NUM> facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports <NUM> and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry <NUM> and/or external port <NUM>. External port <NUM> (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.).

Contact/motion module <NUM> may detect contact with touch screen <NUM> (in conjunction with display controller <NUM>) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module <NUM> includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module <NUM> receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., "multitouch"/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module <NUM> and display controller <NUM> detect contact on a touchpad.

Contact/motion module <NUM> may detect a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns. Thus, a gesture may be detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event.

Graphics module <NUM> includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen <NUM> or other display, including components for changing the intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term "graphics" includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like.

In some embodiments, graphics module <NUM> stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic may be assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module <NUM> receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller <NUM>.

Text input module <NUM>, which may be a component of graphics module <NUM>, provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts <NUM>, e-mail <NUM>, IM <NUM>, browser <NUM>, and any other application that needs text input).

GPS module <NUM> determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone <NUM> for use in location-based dialing, to imaging module <NUM> as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).

Applications <NUM> may include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:.

Examples of other applications <NUM> that may be stored in memory <NUM> include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication.

In conjunction with touch screen <NUM>, display controller <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, and text input module <NUM>, contacts module <NUM> may be used to manage an address book or contact list, including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone <NUM>, video conference <NUM>, e-mail <NUM>, or IM <NUM>; and so forth.

In conjunction with RF circuitry <NUM>, audio circuitry <NUM>, speaker <NUM>, microphone <NUM>, touch screen <NUM>, display controller <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, and text input module <NUM>, telephone module <NUM> may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book <NUM>, modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication may use any of a variety of communications standards, protocols and technologies.

In conjunction with RF circuitry <NUM>, audio circuitry <NUM>, speaker <NUM>, microphone <NUM>, touch screen <NUM>, display controller <NUM>, optical sensor <NUM>, optical sensor controller <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, text input module <NUM>, contact list <NUM>, and telephone module <NUM>, videoconferencing module <NUM> includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry <NUM>, touch screen <NUM>, display controller <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, and text input module <NUM>, e-mail client module <NUM> includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module <NUM>, e-mail client module <NUM> makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken by imaging module <NUM>.

In conjunction with RF circuitry <NUM>, touch screen <NUM>, display controller <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, and text input module <NUM>, the instant messaging module <NUM> includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, "instant messaging" refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS).

In conjunction with RF circuitry <NUM>, touch screen <NUM>, display controller <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, text input module <NUM>, GPS module <NUM>, map module <NUM>, and music player module <NUM>, workout support module <NUM> includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data.

In conjunction with touch screen <NUM>, display controller <NUM>, optical sensor(s) <NUM>, camera(s) <NUM>, optical sensor controller <NUM>, light source module <NUM> (see <FIG>), contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, and image management module <NUM>, imaging module <NUM> includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory <NUM>, modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory <NUM>.

In conjunction with touch screen <NUM>, display controller <NUM>, optical sensor(s) <NUM>, camera(s) <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, text input module <NUM>, light source module <NUM> (see <FIG>), and imaging module <NUM>, image management module <NUM> includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images.

In conjunction with RF circuitry <NUM>, touch screen <NUM>, display system controller <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, and text input module <NUM>, browser module <NUM> includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.

In conjunction with RF circuitry <NUM>, touch screen <NUM>, display system controller <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, text input module <NUM>, e-mail client module <NUM>, and browser module <NUM>, calendar module <NUM> includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry <NUM>, touch screen <NUM>, display system controller <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, text input module <NUM>, and browser module <NUM>, widget modules <NUM> are mini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget <NUM>-<NUM>, stocks widget <NUM>-<NUM>, calculator widget <NUM>-<NUM>, alarm clock widget <NUM>-<NUM>, and dictionary widget <NUM>-<NUM>) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget <NUM>-<NUM>). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).

In conjunction with RF circuitry <NUM>, touch screen <NUM>, display system controller <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, text input module <NUM>, and browser module <NUM>, the widget creator module <NUM> may be used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget).

In conjunction with touch screen <NUM>, display system controller <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, and text input module <NUM>, search module <NUM> includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory <NUM> that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch screen <NUM>, display system controller <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, audio circuitry <NUM>, speaker <NUM>, RF circuitry <NUM>, and browser module <NUM>, video and music player module <NUM> includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen <NUM> or on an external, connected display via external port <NUM>). In some embodiments, device <NUM> may include the functionality of an MP3 player.

In conjunction with touch screen <NUM>, display controller <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, and text input module <NUM>, notes module <NUM> includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry <NUM>, touch screen <NUM>, display system controller <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, text input module <NUM>, GPS module <NUM>, and browser module <NUM>, map module <NUM> may be used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch screen <NUM>, display system controller <NUM>, contact module <NUM>, graphics module <NUM>, audio circuitry <NUM>, speaker <NUM>, RF circuitry <NUM>, text input module <NUM>, e-mail client module <NUM>, and browser module <NUM>, online video module <NUM> includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port <NUM>), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H. In some embodiments, instant messaging module <NUM>, rather than e-mail client module <NUM>, is used to send a link to a particular online video.

Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory <NUM> may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory <NUM> may store additional modules and data structures not described above.

In some embodiments, device <NUM> is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device <NUM>, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device <NUM> may be reduced.

The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device <NUM> to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that may be displayed on device <NUM>. In such embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a "menu button. " In some other embodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad.

<FIG> illustrates an example computer system <NUM> that may include one or more camera modules, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the computer system <NUM> may include one or multiple features, components, and/or implement functionality of embodiments described herein.

Various embodiments of a camera module, as described herein, may be executed in one or more computer systems <NUM>, which may interact with various other devices. Note that any component, action, or functionality described above may be implemented on one or more computers configured as computer system <NUM> of <FIG>, according to various embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, computer system <NUM> includes one or more processors <NUM> coupled to a system memory <NUM> via an input/output (I/O) interface <NUM>. Computer system <NUM> further includes a network interface <NUM> coupled to I/O interface <NUM>, and one or more input/output devices <NUM>, such as cursor control device <NUM>, keyboard <NUM>, and display(s) <NUM>. In some cases, it is contemplated that embodiments may be implemented using a single instance of computer system <NUM>, while in other embodiments multiple such systems, or multiple nodes making up computer system <NUM>, may be configured to host different portions or instances of embodiments. For example, in one embodiment some elements may be implemented via one or more nodes of computer system <NUM> that are distinct from those nodes implementing other elements.

In various embodiments, computer system <NUM> may be a uniprocessor system including one processor <NUM>, or a multiprocessor system including several processors <NUM> (e.g., two, four, eight, or another suitable number). Processors <NUM> may be any suitable processor capable of executing instructions. For example, in various embodiments processors <NUM> may be general-purpose or embedded processors implementing any of a variety of instruction set architectures (ISAs), such as the x8 <NUM>, PowerPC, SPARC, or MIPS ISAs, or any other suitable ISA. In multiprocessor systems, each of processors <NUM> may commonly, but not necessarily, implement the same ISA.

System memory <NUM> may be configured to store control program instructions <NUM> and/or control data accessible by processor <NUM>. In various embodiments, system memory <NUM> may be implemented using any suitable memory technology, such as static random access memory (SRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), nonvolatile/Flash-type memory, or any other type of memory. In the illustrated embodiment, program instructions <NUM> may be configured to implement a control application incorporating any of the functionality described above. Additionally, existing control data of memory <NUM> may include any of the information or data structures described above. In some embodiments, program instructions and/or data may be received, sent or stored upon different types of computer-accessible media or on similar media separate from system memory <NUM> or computer system <NUM>. While computer system <NUM> is described as implementing the functionality of functional blocks of previous Figures, any of the functionality described herein may be implemented via such a computer system.

In one embodiment, I/O interface <NUM> may be configured to coordinate I/O traffic between processor <NUM>, system memory <NUM>, and any peripheral devices in the device, including network interface <NUM> or other peripheral interfaces, such as input/output devices <NUM>. In some embodiments, I/O interface <NUM> may perform any necessary protocol, timing or other data transformations to convert data signals from one component (e.g., system memory <NUM>) into a format suitable for use by another component (e.g., processor <NUM>). In some embodiments, I/O interface <NUM> may include support for devices attached through various types of peripheral buses, such as a variant of the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus standard or the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard, for example. In some embodiments, the function of I/O interface <NUM> may be split into two or more separate components, such as a north bridge and a south bridge, for example. Also, in some embodiments some or all of the functionality of I/O interface <NUM>, such as an interface to system memory <NUM>, may be incorporated directly into processor <NUM>.

Network interface <NUM> may be configured to allow data to be exchanged between computer system <NUM> and other devices attached to a network <NUM> (e.g., carrier or agent devices) or between nodes of computer system <NUM>. Network <NUM> may in various embodiments include one or more networks including but not limited to Local Area Networks (LANs) (e.g., an Ethernet or corporate network), Wide Area Networks (WANs) (e.g., the Internet), wireless data networks, some other electronic data network, or some combination thereof. In various embodiments, network interface <NUM> may support communication via wired or wireless general data networks, such as any suitable type of Ethernet network, for example; via telecommunications/telephony networks such as analog voice networks or digital fiber communications networks; via storage area networks such as Fibre Channel SANs, or via any other suitable type of network and/or protocol.

Input/output devices <NUM> may, in some embodiments, include one or more display terminals, keyboards, keypads, touchpads, scanning devices, voice or optical recognition devices, or any other devices suitable for entering or accessing data by one or more computer systems <NUM>. Multiple input/output devices <NUM> may be present in computer system <NUM> or may be distributed on various nodes of computer system <NUM>. In some embodiments, similar input/output devices may be separate from computer system <NUM> and may interact with one or more nodes of computer system <NUM> through a wired or wireless connection, such as over network interface <NUM>.

As shown in <FIG>, memory <NUM> may include program instructions <NUM>, which may be processor-executable to implement any element or action described above. In one embodiment, the program instructions may implement the methods described above. In other embodiments, different elements and data may be included. Note that data may include any data or information described above.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that computer system <NUM> is merely illustrative. In particular, the computer system and devices may include any combination of hardware or software that can perform the indicated functions, including computers, network devices, Internet appliances, PDAs, wireless phones, pagers, etc. Computer system <NUM> may also be connected to other devices that are not illustrated, or instead may operate as a stand-alone system. In addition, the functionality provided by the illustrated components may in some embodiments be combined in fewer components or distributed in additional components. Similarly, in some embodiments, the functionality of some of the illustrated components may not be provided and/or other additional functionality may be available.

Claim 1:
A camera module, comprising:
a lens assembly (<NUM>) having a particular optical design, that includes at least:
a lens barrel (<NUM>); and
multiple lens elements (<NUM>) embedded within the lens barrel (<NUM>),
wherein a change of temperature causes an optical focal shift that is determined according to a particular optical thermal shift rate associated with the particular optical design;
characterised by a lens holder (<NUM>) having a lens holder coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) to compensate for the optical focal shift by thermo-mechanical expansion,
wherein:
a first area of the lens holder (<NUM>) is attached to the lens barrel (<NUM>) using a lens attach adhesive (<NUM>); and
the change of temperature causes a length expansion of the lens holder that is determined at least in part according to the lens holder CTE; and
an image sensor assembly (<NUM>) that includes at least:
an image sensor (<NUM>) configured to capture light passing through the multiple lens elements of the lens assembly and to convert the captured light into image signals; and
a substrate (<NUM>) coupled to the image sensor (<NUM>), wherein a second area of the lens holder (<NUM>) is attached to the substrate (<NUM>) using a holder attach adhesive (<NUM>).