Patent Description:
In the past, optical topography measuring instruments were available. These instruments utilized "white light" interferometry. For example, these instruments are utilized to measure height variations (e.g., surface roughness) of a surface. Interference optical profiling can use wave properties of light to compare an optical path difference between a test surface and a reference surface. For example, a light beam can be split. Half of the beam of light can be reflected from a test material. The other half of the beam of light can be reflected from a reference mirror. Constructive and destructive interference can occur when the two halves of the light beam are combined where respective lengths of the two halves are different. For example, interference fringes (e.g., light and dark bands) can be created. A digital camera can receive the combination of the two halves. Constructive interference can be lighter areas, while destructive interference can be darker areas. For a known wavelength of light, height differences across a surface can be determined in fractions of a wavelength of the light. Based on the height differences, a surface measurement can be determined. For example, a three-dimensional surface map can be determined based on the height differences.

Furthermore, in the past, traditional optical techniques that utilize a one-photon absorption process have limited uses to near surfaces of biological material (e.g., less than one hundred micrometers (<NUM>)) for high-resolution imaging. Going deeper into biological material, light scatters and blurs the imaging.

<CIT> teaches a system from which the subject-matter defined in claim <NUM> differs, inter alia, by the memory medium's instructions, causing the medical system to determine pluralities of focal point distances, of intensity values and determine a surface topography.

The present disclosure provides a medical system with the features of claim <NUM>. The medical system is configured to produce the laser beam and to determine multiple focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. In one example, the laser beam may include photons associated with multiple frequencies. In another example, the plane may be associated with a X-axis and a Y-axis. To determine multiple focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam, the medical system is further configured to, for each position of the multiple positions: adjust at least one mirror to target the laser beam to the position; determine multiple intensity values associated with respective multiple interim focal point distances; determine a maximum intensity value of the multiple intensity values; determine an interim focal point distance of the multiple interim focal point distances respectively associated with the maximum intensity value; and determine a focal point distance of the multiple focal point distances as the interim focal point distance of the multiple interim focal point distances respectively associated with the maximum intensity value.

To determine multiple intensity values associated with respective multiple interim focal point distances, the medical system is further configured to, for each interim focal point distance of the multiple interim focal point distances: adjust a beam expander to focus the laser beam to the interim focal point distance; receive, via a two-photon absorption (TPA) detector, at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from a surface of a patient interface; and determine, from the at least the portion of the laser beam, an intensity value of the multiple intensity values associated with the interim focal point distance. The medical system is further configured to determine a topography of the surface of the patient interface based at least on the multiple focal point distances associated with the respective multiple positions. The medical system may further store the topography of the surface of the patient interface.

To produce the laser beam, the medical system may further pulse the laser beam. For example, the medical system may pulse the laser beam at femtosecond pulse durations. The medical system may include an analog to digital converter (ADC). For example, to determine, from the at least the portion of the laser beam, the intensity value of the multiple intensity values associated with the interim focal point distance, the medical system may further receive, by the ADC, an analog signal from the TPA detector; and convert, by the ADC, the analog signal from the TPA detector to the intensity value of the multiple intensity values associated with the interim focal point distance. In one example, the ADC may be configured to convert current into digital values. In another example, the ADC may be configured to convert voltage into digital values.

The present disclosure further includes a non-transient computer-readable memory device with instructions that, when executed by a processor of a medical system, cause the medical system to perform the above steps. The present disclosure further includes a medical system or a non-transient computer-readable memory device as described above with one or more of the following features, which may be used in combination with one another unless clearly mutually exclusive: i) produce a laser beam; ii) determine multiple focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam for each position of the multiple positions by: a) adjusting at least one mirror to target the laser beam to the position; b) determining multiple intensity values associated with respective multiple interim focal point distances for each interim focal point distance of the multiple interim focal point distances by: <NUM>) adjusting a beam expander to focus the laser beam to the interim focal point distance; <NUM>) receiving, via a two-photon absorption (TPA) detector, at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from a surface of a surface of a patient interface; and <NUM>) determining, from the at least the portion of the laser beam, an intensity value of the multiple intensity values associated with the interim focal point distance; c) determining a maximum intensity value of the multiple intensity values; d) determining an interim focal point distance of the multiple interim focal point distances respectively associated with the maximum intensity value; and e) determining a focal point distance of the multiple focal point distances as the interim focal point distance of the multiple interim focal point distances respectively associated with the maximum intensity value; and iii) determining a topography of the surface of the patient interface based at least on the multiple focal point distances associated with the respective multiple positions.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are examples and explanatory in nature and are intended to provide an understanding of the present disclosure without limiting the scope of the present disclosure.

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are not drawn to scale, and in which:.

In the following description, details are set forth by way of example to facilitate discussion of the disclosed subject matter. It should be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the field, however, that the disclosed embodiments are examples and not exhaustive of all possible embodiments.

As used herein, a reference numeral refers to a class or type of entity, and any letter following such reference numeral refers to a specific instance of a particular entity of that class or type. Thus, for example, a hypothetical entity referenced by '12A' may refer to a particular instance of a particular class/type, and the reference '<NUM>' may refer to a collection of instances belonging to that particular class/type or any one instance of that class/type in general.

Medical systems may be utilized in performing medical procedures with patients. Medical systems may include optics. For example, a medical system may include one or more optical systems that may include optics. An optical system may include one or more optical devices. For example, an optical device may be or may include a device that controls light (e.g., reflects light, refracts light, filters light, transmits light, polarizes light, etc.). An optical device may be made of any material that controls the light as designed. For example, the material may include one or more of glass, crystal, metal, and semiconductor, among others. Examples of optical devices may include one or more of lenses, mirrors, prisms, optical filters, waveguides, waveplates, beam expanders, beam collimators, beam splitters, gratings, and polarizers, among others.

An optical system may be utilized to determine a topography of at least a portion of a patient. For example, an optical system may be utilized to determine a topography of at least a portion of an eye of a patient. The topography of the at least the portion of the eye of the patient may reveal one or more deformations of the at least the portion of the eye of the patient. The topography of the at least the portion of the eye of the patient may reveal damage of the at least the portion of the eye of the patient.

The optical system may include one or more of a laser and a two-photon absorption (TPA) detector, among others. In one example, the laser may produce a laser beam that includes photons of multiple frequencies. In another example, the laser may produce a pulsed laser beam. The pulsed laser beam may include photons of multiple frequencies.

An optical system may be configured to vary focal point distances of a laser beam. A TPA detector may determine an intensity of a reflection of at least a portion the laser beam. In one example, the optical system may determine multiple focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. The optical system may determine a topography of an eye of a patient based at least on the multiple focal point distances associated with the respective multiple positions. In another example, the optical system may determine first multiple focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam. The optical system may determine second multiple focal point distances associated with the respective multiple positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam. The optical system may determine a depth of at least one incision in the eye of the patient based at least on differences between each of the second multiple focal point distances and each respective one of the first multiple focal point distances.

The optical system may be utilized in correcting a cutting depth of an incision based at least on a depth of the incision in an eye of a patient. In one example, the optical system may be utilized to maintain a cutting depth (e.g., without one or more deviations from a prescribed cutting depth) while an incision in the eye of the patient is being performed. In a second example, the optical system may be utilized to maintain a cutting contour (e.g., without one or more deviations from a prescribed cutting depth) while an incision in the eye of the patient is being performed. In a third example, the optical system may be utilized in incising a flap in the eye of the patient with little deviation or no deviation from a prescribed cutting depth. In another example, the optical system may be utilized in incising a lenticule in the eye of the patient with little deviation or no deviation from a prescribed cutting depth. As one example, a WAVELIGHT® FS <NUM> laser system, available from Alcon Vision LLC, may perform an incision in the eye of the patient. As another example, surgical tooling equipment (e.g., a scalpel, a blade, etc.) may be utilized in performing an incision in the eye of the patient.

Turning now to <FIG> and <FIG>, an example of an optical system is illustrated. An optical system <NUM> may be utilized to determine a surface of an eye <NUM> of a patient. For example, optical system <NUM> may be utilized to determine a topography of eye <NUM>. Optical system <NUM> may be utilized to determine a depth of an incision in eye <NUM>. For example, optical system <NUM> may be utilized to determine a topography of an incision in eye <NUM>.

Optical system <NUM> may be utilized in a medical procedure. For example, a medical system may include optical system <NUM>. The medical procedure may include an ophthalmic procedure on at least a portion part of eye <NUM>. Although optical system <NUM> may be utilized in a medical system, optical system <NUM> may be utilized in any system.

Optical system <NUM> may include multiple optical devices. For example, an optical device may be or may include a device that controls light (e.g., reflects light, refracts light, filters light, transmits light, polarizes light, etc.). An optical device may be made of any material that controls the light as designed. For example, the material may include one or more of glass, crystal, metal, and semiconductor, among others. Examples of optical devices may include one or more of lenses, mirrors, prisms, optical filters, waveguides, waveplates, beam expanders, beam collimators, beam splitters, gratings, and polarizers, among others.

As shown, optical system <NUM> includes a laser <NUM>. Laser <NUM> is configured to generate a laser beam. In one example, laser <NUM> may be a device that generates a beam of coherent monochromatic light by stimulated emission of photons from excited atoms or molecules. In another example, laser <NUM> may be a device that generates a laser beam that includes photons associated with multiple frequencies. A laser beam may have any suitable wavelength, e.g., a wavelength in the infrared (IR), in the visible range, or ultraviolet (UV) range, among others. Pulses of the laser beam may have a pulse duration in any suitable range, e.g., the microsecond, nanosecond, picosecond, femtosecond, or attosecond range, among others. The focus of the laser beam may be a focal point of the laser beam. As illustrated, optical system includes detector optics <NUM> and focusing optics <NUM>. As shown, detector optics <NUM> may include a polarizer <NUM>, a lens <NUM>, includes a two-photon absorption (TPA) detector <NUM>, and may include a waveplate <NUM>. Although lens <NUM> is shown as a single lens, lens <NUM> may be multiple lenses.

Polarizer <NUM> may be an optical filter that transmits light of a specific polarization direction while reflecting light of other polarization directions. Polarizer <NUM> may filter light of undefined or mixed polarization into light with a single linear polarization. In one example, polarizer <NUM> may transmit at least a portion of the laser beam received from laser <NUM> (which may have a first polarization) towards waveplate <NUM>. In another example, polarizer <NUM> may reflect at least portion of the laser beam received from waveplate <NUM> (which may have a second polarization) towards lens <NUM> and TPA detector <NUM>. The first polarization may be a linear polarization. The second polarization may be the linear polarization rotated by ninety degrees (<NUM>°). Lens <NUM> may focus the beam from polarizer <NUM> to TPA detector <NUM>. For example, TPA detector <NUM> may be located at a focal plane of lens <NUM>. Lens <NUM> may be an achromatic lens. For example, lens <NUM> may be configured to limit effects of one or more chromatic aberrations and/or one or more spherical aberrations, among others.

Waveplate <NUM> may be an optical device that alters a polarization of light travelling through it. Waveplate <NUM> may be any suitable waveplate, e.g., a quarter-waveplate, which may convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light and vice versa, or a combination of a half-waveplate (which may rotate linearly polarized light by forty-five degrees (<NUM>°)) and a forty-five degree (<NUM>°) Faraday rotator (also known as an optical diode when used in combination with polarizer <NUM>). Waveplate <NUM> may be a quarter-waveplate that may receive the laser beam with a first linear polarization from polarizer <NUM>. Waveplate <NUM> may convert the laser beam from the first linear polarization to a circular polarization. Waveplate <NUM> may direct the laser beam to focusing optics <NUM>. Waveplate <NUM> may receive at least a reflected portion of the laser beam from focusing optics <NUM>. Waveplate <NUM> may convert the at least the reflected portion of the laser beam from focusing optics <NUM> from a circular polarization to a second linear polarization rotated relative to a first linear polarization. Waveplate <NUM> may change the original linear polarization of the laser beam by ninety degrees (<NUM>°).

Waveplate <NUM> may include a combination of a half-waveplate and a Faraday rotator. Waveplate <NUM> may receive the laser beam with a first linear polarization from polarizer <NUM>. In this direction, the half-waveplate and the Faraday rotator may compensate for each other's rotational effect, which may result in a rotation of the laser beam by zero degrees (<NUM>°). Waveplate <NUM> may then direct the laser beam to focusing optics <NUM>. Waveplate <NUM> may also receive the at least the reflected portion of the laser beam reflected from focusing optics <NUM>. In this direction, the half-waveplate and the Faraday rotator may add rotational effects, which may result in a rotation of the laser beam by ninety degrees (<NUM>°), which may be a second linear polarization rotated relative to the first linear polarization. For example, the laser beam may pass through waveplate <NUM>, which may rotate the beam by zero degrees (<NUM>°), and may be reflected back through waveplate <NUM>, which may rotate the beam by ninety degrees (<NUM>°), resulting in a change from the original linear polarization of the laser beam by ninety degrees (<NUM>°). Waveplate <NUM> may be reconfigured such that the laser beam may pass through waveplate <NUM>, which may rotate the beam by ninety degrees (<NUM>°), and may be reflected back through waveplate <NUM>, which may rotate the beam by zero degrees (<NUM>°).

Although not specifically illustrated, optical system <NUM> may not include waveplate <NUM>. For example, polarizer <NUM> may be replaced with a partially reflecting mirror. Although not specifically illustrated, detector optics <NUM> may be positioned between beam expander <NUM> and scanner <NUM>.

As illustrated, focusing optics <NUM> may include a beam expander <NUM>, a scanner <NUM>, and an objective lens <NUM>. Objective lens <NUM> may include multiple lenses. In one example, objective lens <NUM> may be or include a compound lens. In another example, objective lens <NUM> may be or include a F-theta lens. As shown, beam expander <NUM> may include lenses 142A and 142B. Although beam expander <NUM> is shown with two lenses, beam expander <NUM> may include any number of lenses.

A direction of the laser beam, as the laser beam approaches surface <NUM>, may be parallel to a Z-axis. Surface <NUM> may be parallel to a X-axis and perpendicular to the Z-axis. Although a Y-axis is not specifically illustrated, the Y-axis may be perpendicular to the X-axis and the Z-axis. For example, the Y-axis may be perpendicular to a plane that includes the X-axis and the Z-axis.

Focusing optics <NUM> may direct and/or may focus the laser beam towards eye <NUM>. In one example, focusing optics <NUM> may direct and/or may focus the laser beam towards a surface <NUM> of eye <NUM>, as illustrated in <FIG>. Surface <NUM> may be a surface of a cornea <NUM> of eye <NUM>. In another example, focusing optics <NUM> may direct and/or may focus the laser beam towards one or more incisions 230A-230C, as shown in <FIG>. Focusing optics <NUM> may direct a focal point of the laser beam parallel to or along the Z-axis towards eye <NUM>. Focusing optics <NUM> may receive at least a portion of the beam reflected by surface <NUM>. Focusing optics <NUM> may receive at least a portion of the beam reflected by an incision <NUM>.

An optical device, such as a lens 142A and/or a mirror, may control a Z-position of a focal point of a laser beam. Another optical device, such as a lens 142B (e.g., in combination with lens 142A), may expand a diameter of a laser beam. In the present invention, beam expander <NUM> is configured to control a focal point of a laser beam. In another example, optics may vary over time such that the Z-position of the focal point changes.

Scanner <NUM> may include one or more optical devices that may control a direction of a laser beam to control the XY-position of the focal point. To transversely deflect the laser beam, scanner <NUM> may include a pair of galvanometric actuated scanner mirrors that may tilt about mutually perpendicular axes. Scanner <NUM> may receive the laser beam from beam expander <NUM>. Scanner <NUM> may manipulate the laser beam to control the XY-position of the focal point. Objective lens <NUM> may receive the laser beam from the scanner <NUM>. Objective lens <NUM> may direct the laser beam to eye <NUM>.

As illustrated in <FIG>, a patient interface <NUM> may stabilize a position of a surface <NUM> relative to optical system <NUM>. In one example, surface <NUM> may be a surface of an applanation plane. Although surface <NUM> is illustrated, surface <NUM> may not be present. In another example, patient interface <NUM> may be made of one or more rigid materials (e.g., plastic, glass, metal, etc.). A patient interface <NUM> may shape an eye (e.g., flatten or otherwise deform) a surface of eye <NUM>. Patient interface may include an applanation plane. A "target-side" surface of patient interface <NUM> may be the surface of interface <NUM> designed to face (and may even be in contact with) eye <NUM>. A patient interface <NUM> may be a one-time-use product. For example, a patient interface <NUM> may be utilized with an eye of a patient and then discarded. Multiple patient interfaces <NUM> may be configured with a consistent length in a Z-direction. Multiple patient interfaces <NUM> may have different respective lengths. A calibration of a Z-position of a point with respect to a particular patient interface <NUM> may be performed.

As illustrated, optical system <NUM> may include a computer system <NUM>. Computer system <NUM> may execute instructions in implementing at least a portion of one or more systems, one or more flow charts, one or more processes, and/or one or more methods described herein. Although optical system <NUM> is illustrated as including computer system <NUM>, optical system <NUM> may not include computer system <NUM>. For example, computer system <NUM> may be external to optical system <NUM>. Computer system <NUM> may be communicatively coupled to optical system <NUM>.

Focusing optics <NUM> may direct a laser beam to eye <NUM>. For example, eye <NUM> may be located at an end of a patient interface <NUM>. Surface <NUM> of eye <NUM> may reflect at least a portion of the laser beam. Incision <NUM> may reflect at least a portion of the laser beam. Detector optics <NUM> may direct the at least the portion of the laser beam TPA detector <NUM>. For example, TPA detector <NUM> may transform an intensity of the at least the portion of the laser beam into digital data. The digital data may represent the intensity of the at least the portion of the laser beam. TPA detector <NUM> may provide the digital data to computer system <NUM>.

The at least the portion of the laser beam may cause two-photon absorption that may excite electrons, which may generate a signal in response to an intensity of incident radiation. The signal may indicate a proximity of a focal point of the laser beam to surface <NUM> or incision <NUM>. In one example, the farther away the focal point is from surface <NUM> or incision <NUM>, the lower an intensity of the beam at a portion TPA detector <NUM>. In a second example, the larger a diameter of the at least the portion of the laser beam, the lower an intensity of the beam at a portion TPA detector <NUM>. In a third example, the closer the focal point is to surface <NUM> or incision <NUM>, the higher an intensity of the beam at a portion TPA detector <NUM>. In a fourth example, the smaller a diameter of the at least the portion of the laser beam, the higher an intensity of the beam at a portion TPA detector <NUM>. In another example, when the focal point is at surface <NUM> or incision <NUM>, a diameter at TPA detector <NUM> may be at a minimum, and an intensity may be at a maximum.

As illustrated, computer system <NUM> may be communicatively coupled to TPA detector <NUM>. As shown, computer system <NUM> may be communicatively coupled to laser <NUM>. As illustrated, computer system <NUM> may be communicatively coupled to beam expander <NUM>. As shown, computer system <NUM> may be communicatively coupled to scanner <NUM>. In one example, computer system <NUM> may receive information from one or more of laser <NUM>, TPA detector <NUM>, beam expander <NUM>, and scanner <NUM>, among others. In another example, computer system <NUM> may provide information to one or more of laser <NUM>, TPA detector <NUM>, beam expander <NUM>, and scanner <NUM>, among others. Computer system <NUM> may provide control information to one or more of laser <NUM>, TPA detector <NUM>, beam expander <NUM>, and scanner <NUM>, among others.

Computer system <NUM> is adapted to determine a focal point of a laser beam in response to intensity measurements from TPA detector <NUM>. Computer system <NUM> is adapted to determine if an intensity is a maximum intensity. The maximum intensity may be the maximum of intensities and may be measured at different positions of a focal point. The maximum intensity may be measured or calculated prior during a calibration session. If the intensity is the maximum intensity, computer system <NUM> is adapted to determine that the focal point is at surface <NUM> or incision <NUM>. If the intensity is not the maximum intensity, computer system <NUM> is adapted to adjust focusing optics <NUM> to direct a focal point to a different point of the Z-axis. Computer system <NUM> may generate, from one or more TPA detector signals, a graph that may represent intensities of the at least the portion of the laser beam. For example, the one or more TPA detector signals may be or include data.

An analog to digital converter (ADC) may transform signals from TPA detector <NUM> associated with the multiple intensities into digital data that represents multiple measurements of the multiple intensities. For example, computer system <NUM> may utilize the digital data that represents multiple measurements of the multiple intensities. Computer system <NUM> may include the ADC. The ADC may be external to computer system <NUM>. TPA detector <NUM> may include the ADC. For example, TPA detector <NUM> may provide digital data that represents multiple measurements of the multiple intensities.

Turning now to <FIG>, an example of a medical system is illustrated. As shown, a medical system <NUM> may be utilized with a patient <NUM>. As illustrated, medical system <NUM> may include a computer system <NUM>. Computer system <NUM> may be communicatively coupled to displays 316A and 316B. Computer system <NUM> may be communicatively coupled to a biometry device <NUM>. In one example, biometry device <NUM> may include one or more cameras. In another example, biometry device <NUM> may include a three-dimensional scanner. Biometry device <NUM> may be utilized in biometry of an eye <NUM> of patient <NUM>. As shown, display 316A may display an image 330A associated with eye <NUM> of patient <NUM>. As illustrated, display 316B may display an image 330B associated with eye <NUM> of patient <NUM>.

Computer system <NUM> may determine eye recognition information. For example, the eye recognition information may include biometry information associated with eye <NUM> of patient <NUM>. The biometry information associated with eye <NUM> may include one or more of a pattern of blood vessels of a sclera of eye <NUM>, a structure of an iris of eye <NUM>, a position of a structure of an iris of eye <NUM>, a distance measurement of a cornea of eye <NUM> to a lens of eye <NUM>, a distance measurement of a lens of eye <NUM> to a retina of eye <NUM>, a corneal topography of eye <NUM>, a retinal pattern of eye <NUM>, and a wavefront measurement, among others.

As shown, display 316B may display display areas 336A-336D. In one example, a display area <NUM> may display a distance measurement of a cornea of eye <NUM> to a lens of eye <NUM>, a distance measurement of a lens of eye <NUM> to a retina of eye <NUM>, a position of a structure of an iris <NUM>, corneal topography information, or wavefront measurement information, among other biometry information associated with eye <NUM>. In another example, a display area <NUM> may display any information associated with patient <NUM>.

A person <NUM> may operate medical system <NUM>. For example, person <NUM> may be medical personnel. Person <NUM> may enter identification information associated with patient <NUM> into computer system <NUM>. The identification information associated with patient <NUM> may include one or more of a name of patient <NUM>, an address of patient <NUM>, a telephone number of patient <NUM>, a government issued identification number of patient <NUM>, a government issued identification string of patient <NUM>, and a date of birth of patient <NUM>, among others.

Person <NUM> may provide medical procedure information, associated with patient <NUM>, to computer system <NUM>. The medical procedure information may be associated with a medical procedure. The medical procedure information may be associated identification information associate with patient <NUM>. Computer system <NUM> may store the medical procedure information. For example, computer system <NUM> may store the medical procedure information for later utilization. The medical procedure information may be associated with a surgery. For example, the medical procedure information may be retrieved before the surgery. The medical procedure information may be utilized during a medical procedure. For example, the medical procedure may include a surgery.

Turning now to <FIG>, an example of a biometry device is illustrated. As shown, biometry device <NUM> may include image sensors 360A-360C. For example, an image sensor <NUM> may include a camera. A camera may include a one or more digital image sensors. In one example, a digital image sensor may include a charge-coupled device (CCD). In another example, a digital image sensor may include a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS). The camera may transform light into digital data. The camera may utilize a Bayer filter mosaic. For example, the camera may utilize a Bayer filter mosaic in combination with an optical anti-aliasing filter. A combination of the Bayer filter mosaic in combination with the optical anti-aliasing filter may reduce aliasing due to reduced sampling of different primary-color images. The camera may utilize a demosaicing process. For example, the demosaicing process may be utilized to interpolate color information to create a full array of red, green, and blue (RGB) image data.

As illustrated, biometry device <NUM> may include light projectors 362A-362C. In one example, a light projector <NUM> may project visible light. In another example, a light projector <NUM> may project infrared light. A light projector <NUM> may project circles and/or dots onto an eye of a patient. An image sensor <NUM> may receive reflections of the circles and/or the dots that were projected onto the eye of the patient. A computer system may determine one or more locations and/or one or more templates associated with the eye of the patient based at least on the reflections of the circles and/or the dots that were projected onto the eye of the patient. As shown, biometry device <NUM> may include depth sensors 364A-364C. A depth sensor <NUM> may include a light projector <NUM>. A depth sensor <NUM> may include an optical sensor. As illustrated, biometry device <NUM> may include an optical low coherence reflectometer (OLCR) device <NUM>. As shown, biometry device <NUM> may include a wavefront device <NUM>.

Wavefront device <NUM> may include one or more of a light source and a wavefront sensor, among others. A light source may provide a first light wave to eye <NUM>. A wavefront sensor may receive a first perturbed light wave, based at least on the first light wave, from eye <NUM>. In one example, wavefront device <NUM> may determine first optical corrections based at least on the first perturbed light. In another example, a computer system may determine first optical corrections based at least on the first perturbed light. Wavefront device <NUM> may provide data, based at least on the first perturbed light wave, to a computer system. For example, the computer system may determine first optical corrections based at least on the data from wavefront device <NUM>.

Any two or more of an image sensor <NUM>, a light projector <NUM>, a depth sensor <NUM>, an OLCR device <NUM>, and a wavefront device <NUM> may be combined. One or more of image sensors 360A-360C, one or more of light projectors 362A-362C, one or more of depth sensors 364A-364C, OLCR device <NUM>, and/or wavefront device <NUM>, among others, may produce data that may be utilized by a computer system. As illustrated, biometry device <NUM> includes an optical system <NUM>.

Turning now to <FIG>, a second example of a medical system is illustrated. As shown, a surgeon <NUM> may utilize surgical tooling equipment <NUM>. In one example, surgeon <NUM> may utilize surgical tooling equipment <NUM> in a surgery involving eye <NUM> of patient <NUM>. A medical system 400A may include an ophthalmic surgical tool tracking system. As illustrated, medical system 400A may include a computer system <NUM>, a display <NUM>, and a microscope integrated display (MID) <NUM>.

Computer system <NUM> may receive image frames captured by one or more image sensors. For example, computer system <NUM> may perform various image processing on the one or more image frames. Computer system <NUM> may perform image analysis on the one or more image frames to identify and/or extract one or more images of surgical tooling equipment <NUM> from the one or more image frames. Computer system <NUM> may generate a graphical user interface (GUI), which may overlay the one or more image frames. For example, the GUI may include one or more indicators and/or one or more icons, among others. The one or more indicators may include surgical data, such as one or more positions and/or one or more orientations. The one or more indicators may include one or more warnings. The GUI may be displayed by display <NUM> and/or MID <NUM> to surgeon <NUM> and/or other medical personnel.

Computer system <NUM>, display <NUM>, and MID <NUM> may be implemented in separate housings communicatively coupled to one another or within a common console or housing. A user interface may be associated with one or more of computer system <NUM>, display <NUM>, and MID <NUM>, among others. For example, a user interface may include one or more of a keyboard, a mouse, a joystick, a touchscreen, an eye tracking device, a speech recognition device, a gesture control module, dials, and/or buttons, among other input devices. A user (e.g., surgeon <NUM> and/or other medical personnel) may enter desired instructions and/or parameters via the user interface. For example, the user interface may be utilized in controlling one or more of computer system <NUM>, display <NUM>, and MID <NUM>, among others. As illustrated, MID <NUM> includes an optical system <NUM>.

Turning now to <FIG>, a third example of a medical system is illustrated. As shown, a surgeon <NUM> may utilize a system 400B. For example, surgeon <NUM> may utilize system 400B in a surgery involving eye <NUM> of patient <NUM>. System 400B may include multiple systems. As shown, system 400B may include a cutting system 415A. For example, surgeon <NUM> may utilize system 415A in cutting eye <NUM>. Eye <NUM> may include a flap in a cornea of an eye of patient <NUM>. As illustrated, system 400B may include a shaping system 415B. For example, surgeon <NUM> may utilize shaping system 415B in performing ablation on an interior part of the cornea of eye <NUM>.

As shown, system 415A may include a display 440A. As illustrated, system 415A may include a MID 450A. As illustrated, MID 450A may include eye pieces 452AA and 452AB. An eye piece 452A may refer to an eye piece 452AA or to an eye piece 452BA. An eye piece 452B may refer to an eye piece 452AB or to an eye piece 452BB. System 415A may include one or more of image sensors 360A-360C, one or more of light projectors 362A-362C, one or more of depth sensors 364A-364C, OLCR device <NUM>, wavefront device <NUM>, and/or an optical system 110A, among others. As illustrated, system 415B may include a display 440B. As shown, system 415B may include a MID 450B. As illustrated, MID 450B may include eye pieces 452BA and 452BB. System 415B may include one or more of image sensors 360A-360C, one or more of light projectors 362A-362C, one or more of depth sensors 364A-364C, OLCR device <NUM>, and/or wavefront device <NUM>, among others. As shown, system 415B includes an optical system 110B.

System 415A may include a laser, such as a femtosecond laser, which may use short laser pulses to separate a series of small portions of corneal tissue to form a flap that may be lifted up to expose an interior part of the cornea. The flap may be planned and cut using one or both of cutting device displays 440A and 450A, along with control devices and a computer system 430A. As shown, system 415A may include computer system 430A. For example, computer system 430A may be communicatively coupled to one or more of image sensors 360A-360C, one or more of light projectors 362A-362C, one or more of depth sensors 364A-364C, OLCR device <NUM>, wavefront device <NUM>, and/or optical system 110A, among others, of system 415A. As illustrated, system 415B may include computer system 430B. For example, computer system 430B may be communicatively coupled to one or more of image sensors 360A-360C, one or more of light projectors 362A-362C, one or more of depth sensors 364A-364C, OLCR device <NUM>, wavefront device <NUM>, and/or optical system 110B among others, of system 415B.

Systems 415A and 415B may be physically separated as shown in <FIG>. Patient <NUM> may be moved between systems 415A and 415B. Alternatively, patient <NUM> may remain stationary and systems 415A and 415B may be moved to patient <NUM>. Systems 415A and 415B may be physically combined into a single unitary device, such that neither the device nor patient <NUM> is repositioned when switching between systems 415A and 415B.

System 400B may include one or more control devices for controlling systems 415A and 415B. For example, the one or more control devices may include one or more of an interactive display, such as a touchscreen display, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchpad, buttons, a joystick, a foot pedal, a heads-up display, and virtual-reality glasses, or other devices able to interact with a user, such as medical personnel.

System 400B may include at least one computer system configured to generate an image presented on at least one of displays 440A, 450A, 440B, and 450B, among others. For example, the at least one computer system may include one or more of computer systems 430A and 430B. One or more of computer systems 430A and 430B may be communicatively coupled to observational devices, such as a microscope, a camera, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) device or display, or another device able to measure the position of the eye undergoing surgery. One or more of computer systems 430A and 430B may be communicatively coupled to one or more of the control devices.

In one example, cutting device computer system 430A: i) may be communicatively coupled to observational devices that observe the eye when patient <NUM> is positioned with system 415A, ii) may provide graphical information regarding the planned flap location and the planned area of ablation to one or more of displays 440A and 450A, and iii) may be communicatively coupled to one or more control devices of system 415A. In a second example, shaping device computer 430B: i) may be communicatively coupled to observational devices that observe the eye when patient <NUM> is positioned with a shaping device, ii) may provide graphical information regarding the planned flap location and the planned area of ablation to one or more of displays 440B and 450B, and iii) may be communicatively coupled to one or more control devices of system 415B. In another example, a computer system may include the properties and/or the attributes described above with respect to one or more of computer systems 430A and 430B, among others.

A computer system of a system <NUM> may be communicatively coupled to another part of system <NUM> in a wired fashion or in a wireless fashion. One of more of computer systems of system <NUM> may be communicatively coupled to a database, stored locally, on a remote computer system or a remote data center, or both, that store patient data, treatments plans, and/or other information associated with medical treatments and/or system <NUM>. In one example, the database may include a relational database. In a second example, the database may include a graph database. In another example, the database may include a "Not Only SQL" (NoSQL) database.

System <NUM> may enter information regarding patient <NUM> and the treatment to be performed on patient <NUM> or actually performed on patient <NUM>. System <NUM> may allow a user to enter and view information regarding patient <NUM> and the treatment to be performed on patient <NUM>. Such data may include information about patient <NUM>, such as identifying information, a medical history of patient <NUM>, and/or information about eye <NUM> being treated, among others. Such data may include information about the treatment plans, such as the shape and location of a corneal cut and/or a shape and location of ablation, among others.

Turning now to <FIG>, an example of a microscope integrated display and examples of surgical tooling equipment are illustrated. As shown, surgical tooling equipment 420A may be or include a scalpel. As illustrated, surgical tooling equipment 420B may be or include a Q-tip. As shown, surgical tooling equipment 420C may be or include tweezers. Other surgical tooling equipment that is not specifically illustrated may be utilized with one or more systems, one or more processes, and/or one or more methods described herein.

As an example, surgical tooling equipment <NUM> may be marked with one or more patterns. The one or more patterns may be utilized in identifying surgical tooling equipment <NUM>. The one or more patterns may include one or more of a hash pattern, a stripe pattern, and a fractal pattern, among others. As another example, surgical tooling equipment <NUM> may be marked with a dye and/or a paint. The dye and/or the paint may reflect one or more of visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light, among others. In one example, an illuminator <NUM> may provide ultraviolet light, and image sensor <NUM> may receive the ultraviolet light reflected from surgical tooling equipment <NUM>. Computer system <NUM> may receive image data, based at least on the ultraviolet light reflected from surgical tooling equipment <NUM>, from image sensor <NUM> and may utilize the image data, based at least on the ultraviolet light reflected from surgical tooling equipment <NUM>, to identify surgical tooling equipment <NUM> from other image data provided by image sensor <NUM>. In another example, an illuminator <NUM> may provide infrared light, and image sensor <NUM> may receive the infrared light reflected from surgical tooling equipment <NUM>. Computer system <NUM> may receive image data, based at least on the infrared light reflected from surgical tooling equipment <NUM>, from image sensor <NUM> and may utilize the image data, based at least on the infrared light reflected from surgical tooling equipment <NUM>, to identify surgical tooling equipment <NUM> from other image data provided by image sensor <NUM>.

As illustrated, MID <NUM> may include eye pieces 452A and 452B. As shown, MID <NUM> may include displays 462A and 462B. Surgeon <NUM> may look into eye pieces 452A and 452B. In one example, display 462A may display one or more images via eye piece 452A. A left eye of surgeon <NUM> may utilize eye piece 452A. In another example, display 462B may display one or more images via eye piece 452B. A right eye of surgeon <NUM> may utilize eye piece 452B. Although MID <NUM> is shown with multiple displays, MID <NUM> may include a single display <NUM>. For example, the single display <NUM> may display one or more images via one or more of eye pieces 452A and 452B. MID <NUM> may be implemented with one or more displays <NUM>.

As shown, MID <NUM> may include image sensors 472A and 472B. In one example, image sensors 472A and 472B may acquire images. In a second example, image sensors 472A and 472B may include cameras. In another example, an image sensor <NUM> may acquire images via one or more of visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light, among others. One or more image sensors 472A and 472B may provide data of images to computer system <NUM>. Although MID <NUM> is shown with multiple image sensors, MID <NUM> may include a single image sensor <NUM>. MID <NUM> may be implemented with one or more image sensors <NUM>.

As illustrated, MID <NUM> may include distance sensors 474A and <NUM>. For example, a distance sensor <NUM> may determine a distance to surgical tooling equipment <NUM>. Distance sensor <NUM> may determine a distance associated with a Z-axis. Although MID <NUM> is shown with multiple image sensors, MID <NUM> may include a single distance sensor <NUM>. In one example, MID <NUM> may be implemented with no distance sensor.

As shown, MID <NUM> may include lenses 476A and 476B. Although MID <NUM> is shown with multiple lenses 476A and 476B, MID <NUM> may include a single lens <NUM>. MID <NUM> may be implemented with one or more lenses <NUM>. As illustrated, MID <NUM> may include illuminators 478A and 478B. For example, an illuminator <NUM> may provide and/or produce one or more of visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light, among others. Although MID <NUM> is shown with multiple illuminators, MID <NUM> may include a single illuminator <NUM>. MID <NUM> may be implemented with one or more illuminators <NUM>. MID <NUM> may include one or more structures and/or one or more functionalities as those described with reference to biometry device <NUM>. In one example, MID <NUM> may include OLCR device <NUM>. In another example, MID <NUM> may include wavefront device <NUM>. MID <NUM> may include a biometry device <NUM>. MID <NUM> includes an optical system <NUM>.

Turning now to <FIG>, another example of a medical system is illustrated. As shown, a medical system 400C may include a suction cone <NUM>. For example, suction cone <NUM> may be or include an applanation cone. As illustrated, suction cone <NUM> includes an optical system <NUM>. As shown, a computer system <NUM> may be coupled to a control device <NUM> of suction cone <NUM>. For example, computer system <NUM> may control suction cone <NUM> via control device <NUM>. After a suction ring <NUM> is docked with an eye <NUM>, suction cone <NUM> may be docked with suction ring <NUM>. As illustrated, suction cone <NUM> may include a lens <NUM>. Although lens <NUM> is illustrated as flat or planar, lens <NUM> may include concave shape and/or may include convex shape. If lens <NUM> is planar, lens <NUM> may be referred to as an applanation plane. For example, the applanation plane may include surface <NUM>.

As illustrated, medical system 400C may include a vacuum system <NUM>. As shown, vacuum system <NUM> may be communicatively coupled to computer system <NUM>. For example, computer system <NUM> may control vacuum system <NUM>. Vacuum system <NUM> may create one or more low pressures via one or more of lines <NUM> and <NUM>. For example, vacuum system <NUM> may create one or more low pressures via line <NUM> to adhere and/or seal a suction ring <NUM> to an eye <NUM> of a patient. As shown, medical system 400C may include lines <NUM> and <NUM> and suction ring <NUM>.

Turning now to <FIG>, an example of a computer system is illustrated. As shown, a computer system <NUM> includes a processor <NUM>, may include a volatile memory medium <NUM>, includes a non-volatile memory medium <NUM>, and may include an input/output (I/O) device <NUM>. As illustrated, volatile memory medium <NUM>, non-volatile memory medium <NUM>, and I/O device <NUM> may be communicatively coupled to processor <NUM>.

The term "memory medium" may mean a "memory", a "storage device", a "memory device", a "computer-readable medium", and/or a "tangible computer readable storage medium". For example, a memory medium may include, without limitation, storage media such as a direct access storage device, including a hard disk drive, a sequential access storage device, such as a tape disk drive, compact disk (CD), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), CD-ROM, digital versatile disc (DVD), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, non-transitory media, and/or one or more combinations of the foregoing. As shown, non-volatile memory medium <NUM> may include processor instructions <NUM>. Processor instructions <NUM> may be executed by processor <NUM>. In one example, one or more portions of processor instructions <NUM> may be executed via non-volatile memory medium <NUM>. In another example, one or more portions of processor instructions <NUM> may be executed via volatile memory medium <NUM>. One or more portions of processor instructions <NUM> may be transferred to volatile memory medium <NUM>.

Processor <NUM> may execute processor instructions <NUM> in implementing at least a portion of one or more systems, one or more flow charts, one or more processes, and/or one or more methods described herein. For example, processor instructions <NUM> may be configured, coded, and/or encoded with instructions in accordance with at least a portion of one or more systems, one or more flowcharts, one or more methods, and/or one or more processes described herein. Although processor <NUM> is illustrated as a single processor, processor <NUM> may be or include multiple processors. In one example, the multiple processors may execute instructions of a single instruction set architecture (ISA). In another example, at least two of the multiple processors may execute instructions of different instruction set architectures (ISAs). As an example, at least one of the multiple processors may be or include a graphics processor unit (GPU). One or more of a storage medium and a memory medium may be a software product, a program product, and/or an article of manufacture. For example, the software product, the program product, and/or the article of manufacture may be configured, coded, and/or encoded with instructions, executable by a processor, in accordance with at least a portion of one or more systems, one or more flowcharts, one or more methods, and/or one or more processes described herein.

Processor <NUM> may include any suitable system, device, or apparatus operable to interpret and execute program instructions, process data, or both stored in a memory medium and/or received via a network. Processor <NUM> may further include one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), graphics processor units (GPUs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or other circuitry configured to interpret and execute program instructions, process data, or both.

I/O device <NUM> may include any instrumentality or instrumentalities, which allow, permit, and/or enable a user to interact with computer system <NUM> and its associated components by facilitating input from a user and output to a user. Facilitating input from a user may allow the user to manipulate and/or control computer system <NUM>, and facilitating output to a user may allow computer system <NUM> to indicate effects of the user's manipulation and/or control. For example, I/O device <NUM> may allow a user to input data, instructions, or both into computer system <NUM>, and otherwise manipulate and/or control computer system <NUM> and its associated components. I/O devices may include user interface devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, a joystick, a handheld lens, a tool tracking device, a coordinate input device, or any other I/O device suitable to be used with a system.

I/O device <NUM> may include one or more busses, one or more serial devices, and/or one or more network interfaces, among others, that may facilitate and/or permit processor <NUM> to implement at least a portions of one or more systems, processes, and/or methods described herein. In one example, I/O device <NUM> may include a storage interface that may facilitate and/or permit processor <NUM> to communicate with an external storage. The storage interface may include one or more of a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a SATA (Serial ATA) interface, a PATA (Parallel ATA) interface, and a small computer system interface (SCSI), among others. In a second example, I/O device <NUM> may include a network interface that may facilitate and/or permit processor <NUM> to communicate with a network. I/O device <NUM> may include one or more of a wireless network interface and a wired network interface. In a third example, I/O device <NUM> may include one or more of a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) interface, a PCI Express (PCIe) interface, a serial peripheral interconnect (SPI) interface, and an inter-integrated circuit (I<NUM>C) interface, among others. In a fourth example, I/O device <NUM> may include circuitry that may permit processor <NUM> to communicate data with one or more sensors. In a fifth example, I/O device <NUM> may facilitate and/or permit processor <NUM> to communicate data with one or more of a display <NUM> and a MID <NUM>, among others. In another example, I/O device <NUM> may facilitate and/or permit processor <NUM> to communicate data with an imaging device <NUM>. As illustrated, I/O device <NUM> may be coupled to a network <NUM>. For example, I/O device <NUM> may include a network interface.

Network <NUM> may include a wired network, a wireless network, an optical network, or a combination of the foregoing, among others. Network <NUM> may include and/or be coupled to various types of communications networks. For example, network <NUM> may include and/or be coupled to a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), an Internet, a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a cellular telephone network, a satellite telephone network, or a combination of the foregoing, among others. A WAN may include a private WAN, a corporate WAN, a public WAN, or a combination of the foregoing, among others.

A computer system described herein may include one or more structures and/or one or more functionalities as those described with reference to computer system <NUM>. In one example, computer system <NUM> may include one or more structures and/or one or more functionalities as those described with reference to computer system <NUM>. In a second example, computer system <NUM> may include one or more structures and/or one or more functionalities as those described with reference to computer system <NUM>. In a third example, computer system <NUM> may include one or more structures and/or one or more functionalities as those described with reference to computer system <NUM>. In another example, a computer system of MID <NUM> may include one or more structures and/or one or more functionalities as those described with reference to computer system <NUM>. Although not specifically illustrated, any device and/or any system may be coupled to a processor of a computer system. For example, any device and/or any system may be communicatively coupled to a processor of a computer system.

Turning now to <FIG>, an example of a method of operating an optical system is illustrated. At <NUM>, a laser beam is generated. For example, laser <NUM> generates a laser beam. Computer system <NUM> provides control information, that indicates generating a laser beam, to laser <NUM>. For example, laser <NUM> receives the control information from computer system <NUM> and generates the laser beam in accordance with the control information.

At <NUM>, the laser beam is directed to a test surface. For example, focusing optics <NUM> direct the laser beam to surface <NUM>. Focusing optics <NUM> may reflect a portion of the laser beam. A remainder of the laser beam may travel to surface <NUM>. At <NUM>, a reflected portion of the laser beam is directed to TPA detector <NUM>. For example, detector optics <NUM> may direct the reflected portion of the laser beam to TPA detector <NUM>. The reflected portion of the laser beam is reflected from surface <NUM>.

At <NUM>, an intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam is determined. For example, TPA detector <NUM> determines an intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam. TPA detector <NUM> may transform the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam into digital data that indicates the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam. TPA detector <NUM> may provide the digital data that indicates the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam to computer system <NUM>. Computer system <NUM> may receive the digital data that indicates the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam.

At <NUM>, it is determined if the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam is a maximum intensity. For example, computer system <NUM> determines, from the digital data that indicates the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam, if the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam is a maximum intensity. Determining if the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam is a maximum intensity may include comparing the intensity of the reflected portion of the laser beam with other one or more intensities of repetitive other reflected portions of the laser beam. For example, computer system <NUM> may store and/or access the other one or more intensities via memory medium.

If the signal is not at the maximum intensity, focusing optics <NUM> is adjusted, at <NUM>. For example, computer system <NUM> adjusts focusing optics <NUM>. Computer system <NUM> provides, to focusing optics <NUM>, control information that indicates at least one adjustment of focusing optics <NUM>. For example, computer system <NUM> may provide, to beam expander <NUM>, control information that indicates at least one adjustment of one or more of lenses 142A and 142B. Adjusting focusing optics <NUM> may direct a focal point of the laser beam to a different location with respect to the Z-axis. For example, adjusting focusing optics <NUM> may direct a focal point of the laser beam toward or away from surface <NUM>. The method may proceed to <NUM>.

If the signal is at the maximum, it is determined that the focal point is at surface <NUM>, at <NUM>. For example, computer system <NUM> determines that the focal point is at surface <NUM>. Interpolation may be utilized to refine a position of surface <NUM>. At <NUM>, results may be provided. For example, computer system <NUM> may provide results. Providing the results may include one or more of displaying the results via a display, printing the results via a printer, storing the results to a memory medium, and sending the result to a communication network, among others.

Turning now to <FIG>, an example of a method of determining a topography of an eye of a patient is illustrated. At <NUM>, a laser beam may be produced. For example, laser <NUM> may produce a laser beam. Producing a laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam. Pulsing the laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam at femtosecond pulse durations. The laser beam may include photons associated with multiple frequencies.

At <NUM>, multiple focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam may be determined. In one example, as illustrated in <FIG>, multiple positions 910A-<NUM> of a plane <NUM>, orthogonal to a laser beam, may be associated with multiple focal point distances. Although only fourteen positions are illustrated in <FIG>, any number of positions may be utilized. Furthermore, the positions may be at any locations. As shown, plane <NUM> may be associated with a X-axis and a Y-axis. In a second example, as illustrated in <FIG>, multiple positions 910A-<NUM> of plane <NUM> may be utilized with eye <NUM>. Although only fourteen positions are illustrated in <FIG>, any number of positions may be utilized. Furthermore, the positions may be at any locations. In another example, multiple focal point distances 920A-920E of a laser beam <NUM>, illustrated in respective <FIG>, associated with respective multiple positions 910E-910I of plane <NUM> may be determined. The multiple focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam may be determined via a method illustrated in <FIG>.

At <NUM>, a topography of an eye of a patient may be determined based at least on the multiple focal point distances associated with the respective multiple positions. For example, a topography of eye <NUM> of patient <NUM> may be determined based at least on the multiple focal point distances associated with the respective multiple positions.

At <NUM>, the topography of the eye of the patient may be displayed. In one example, the topography of the eye of the patient may be displayed via a display. In another example, the topography of the eye of the patient may be displayed via a printer. The printer may print the topography of the eye of on a piece of paper.

Turning now to <FIG>, an example of method of determining multiple of focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of a plane orthogonal to a laser beam is illustrated. The method illustrated in <FIG> may be performed for each position of the multiple positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam. For example, the method illustrated in <FIG> may be performed for each position of positions 910A-<NUM> of plane <NUM>.

At <NUM>, at least one mirror may be adjusted to target the laser beam to the position of the multiple positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam. For example, the at least one mirror may be adjusted to target the laser beam to position 910E of positions 910A-<NUM> of plane <NUM>. Scanner <NUM> may include one or more mirrors. For example, scanner <NUM> may target the laser beam to the position of the multiple positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam. Scanner <NUM> may adjust at least one mirror to target the laser beam to the position of the multiple positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam.

At <NUM>, multiple intensity values associated with respective interim focal point distances may be determined. In one example, multiple intensity values associated with respective interim focal point distances 930A-930D of laser beam <NUM>, respectively illustrated in <FIG>, may be determined. Interim focal point distance 930D of laser beam <NUM>, illustrated in <FIG>, may be to a surface <NUM> of eye <NUM>. In another example, multiple intensity values associated with respective interim focal point distances 930A-930C and 930E of laser beam <NUM>, respectively illustrated in <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>, may be determined. Interim focal point distance 930F of laser beam <NUM>, illustrated in <FIG>, may be to an incision <NUM> in eye <NUM>. The multiple intensity values associated with the respective interim focal point distances may be determined via a method illustrated in <FIG>.

At <NUM>, a maximum intensity value of the multiple intensity values may be determined. In one example, computer system <NUM> may determine a maximum intensity value of the multiple intensity values. In another example, computer system <NUM> may determine a maximum intensity value of the multiple intensity values. If a maximum intensity value associated with interim focal point distance 930D has been determined, another maximum intensity value of the multiple intensity values may be determined. For example, the other maximum intensity value of the multiple intensity values may be associated with interim focal point distance 930F.

At <NUM>, an interim focal point distance of the multiple interim focal point distances respectively associated with the maximum intensity value may be determined. In one example, interim focal point distance 930D of interim focal point distances 930A-930D may be determined. In another example, interim focal point distance 930F of interim focal point distances 930A-930C, 930E, 930F and may be determined. If interim focal point distance 930D has been determined, interim focal point distance 930F may be determined. For example, optical system <NUM> may utilize additional interim focal point distances <NUM> that are greater than interim focal point distance 930D in determining another maximum intensity value that is associated with interim focal point distance 930F.

At <NUM>, a focal point distance of the multiple focal point distances may be determined as the interim focal point distance of the multiple interim focal point distances respectively associated with the maximum intensity value. In one example, a focal point distance of the multiple focal point distances may be determined as interim focal point distance 930D, of interim focal point distances 930A-930D, respectively associated with the maximum intensity value. In another example, a focal point distance of the multiple focal point distances may be determined as interim focal point distance 930F, of interim focal point distances 930A-930C, 930E, and 930F, respectively associated with the maximum intensity value.

Turning now to <FIG>, an example of a method of determining multiple intensity values associated with respective multiple interim focal point distances is illustrated. The method illustrated in <FIG> may be performed for each interim focal point distance of the multiple interim focal point distances. For example, the method illustrated in <FIG> may be performed for each interim focal point distance of interim focal point distances 930A-930F.

At <NUM>, a beam expander may be adjusted to focus the laser beam to the interim focal point distance. For example, beam expander <NUM> may be adjusted to focus the laser beam to interim focal point distance <NUM>. Adjusting beam expander <NUM> to focus the laser beam to interim focal point distance <NUM> may include adjusting one or more lenses of beam expander <NUM>. For example, one or more of lenses 142A and 142B may be adjusted to focus the laser beam to an interim focal point distance <NUM>.

At <NUM>, at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from a surface of an eye of a patient may be received via a TPA. For example, TPA detector <NUM> may receive at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from surface <NUM> of eye <NUM> of patient <NUM>.

At <NUM>, an intensity value, of the multiple intensity values, associated with the interim focal point distance may be determined from the at least the portion of the laser beam. For example, an intensity value associated with an interim focal point distance <NUM> may be determined. An intensity value associated with interim focal point distance 930D may be a maximum intensity value. An intensity value associated with interim focal point distance 930F may be a maximum intensity value.

Determining, from the at least the portion of the laser beam, an intensity value of the multiple intensity values associated with the interim focal point distance may include an ADC receiving an analog signal from the TPA detector. Determining, from the at least the portion of the laser beam, an intensity value of the multiple intensity values associated with the interim focal point distance may include the ADC converting the analog signal from the TPA detector to the intensity value of the multiple intensity values associated with the interim focal point distance. In one example, the ADC may convert current into digital values. In another example, the ADC may convert voltage into digital values.

At <NUM>, the intensity value, of the multiple intensity values, associated with the interim focal point distance may be stored via a memory medium. For example, the intensity value associated with the interim focal point distance and the interim focal point distance may be stored via the memory medium. The interim focal point distance may be accessed and/or may be retrieved from the memory medium via the intensity value associated with the interim focal point distance. For example, a focal point distance may be accessed and/or may be retrieved from the memory medium via a maximum intensity value.

Storing the intensity value associated with the interim focal point distance and the interim focal point distance via the memory medium may include storing the intensity value associated with the interim focal point distance and the interim focal point distance via a database. The interim focal point distance may be accessed and/or may be retrieved from the database via the intensity value associated with the interim focal point distance. For example, a focal point distance may be accessed and/or may be retrieved from the database via a maximum intensity value. The database may be stored locally, via a remote computer system, or via a remote data center. In one example, the database may include a relational database. In a second example, the database may include a graph database. In a third example, the database may include an associative array. In another example, the database may include a NoSQL database.

Turning now to <FIG>, an example of a method of determining a topography of a portion of a patient interface is illustrated. At <NUM>, a laser beam is produced. For example, laser <NUM> produces a laser beam. Producing a laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam. Pulsing the laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam at femtosecond pulse durations. The laser beam may include photons associated with multiple frequencies.

At <NUM>, multiple focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam may be determined. In one example, as illustrated in <FIG>, multiple positions 910A-<NUM> of a plane <NUM>, orthogonal to a laser beam, may be associated with multiple focal point distances. Although only fourteen positions are illustrated in <FIG>, any number of positions may be utilized. Furthermore, the positions may be at any locations. As shown, plane <NUM> may be associated with a X-axis and a Y-axis. In a second example, as illustrated in <FIG>, multiple positions 910A-<NUM> of plane <NUM> may be utilized with patient interface <NUM>. Although only fourteen positions are illustrated in <FIG>, any number of positions may be utilized. Furthermore, the positions may be at any locations. In another example, as illustrated in <FIG>, multiple positions 910A-<NUM> of plane <NUM> may be utilized with a surface <NUM> of patient interface <NUM>. Although only fourteen positions are illustrated in <FIG>, any number of positions may be utilized. Furthermore, the positions may be at any locations.

At <NUM>, a topography of a surface of a patient interface may be determined based at least on the multiple focal point distances associated with the respective multiple positions. For example, a topography of a surface <NUM> of patient interface <NUM> may be determined based at least on the multiple focal point distances associated with the respective multiple positions. Surface <NUM> may be a surface <NUM> as illustrated in <FIG>. As an example, multiple focal point distances 1020A-1020E (respectively illustrated in <FIG>) may be associated with respective multiple positions 910E-910I.

At <NUM>, the topography of the surface of the patient interface may be stored. For example, the topography of the surface of the patient interface may be stored via a memory medium. Storing the topography of the surface of the patient interface via the memory medium may include storing the topography of the surface of the patient interface via a database. The topography of the surface of the patient interface may be accessed and/or may be retrieved from the database. The database may be stored locally, via a remote computer system, or via a remote data center. In one example, the database may include a relational database. In a second example, the database may include a graph database. In a third example, the database may include an associative array. In another example, the database may include a NoSQL database.

Turning now to <FIG>, another example of method of determining multiple of focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of a plane orthogonal to a laser beam is illustrated. The method illustrated in <FIG> may be performed for each position of the multiple positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam. For example, the method illustrated in <FIG> may be performed for each position of positions 910A-<NUM> of plane <NUM>.

At <NUM>, at least one mirror is adjusted to target the laser beam to the position of the multiple positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam. For example, the at least one mirror may be adjusted to target the laser beam to position 910E of positions 910A-<NUM> of plane <NUM>. Scanner <NUM> may include one or more mirrors. For example, scanner <NUM> may target the laser beam to the position of the multiple positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam. Scanner <NUM> may adjust at least one mirror to target the laser beam to the position of the multiple positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam.

At <NUM>, multiple intensity values associated with respective interim focal point distances are determined. For example, multiple intensity values associated with respective interim focal point distances 1030A-1030D of a laser beam <NUM>, respectively illustrated in <FIG>, may be determined. Interim focal point distance 1030D of laser beam <NUM>, illustrated in <FIG>, may be to a surface or end <NUM> of a patient interface <NUM>. Although surface or end <NUM> of patient interface <NUM> is illustrated as linear or "flat", surface or end <NUM> of patient interface <NUM> may be nonlinear. For example, surface or end <NUM> of patient interface <NUM> may be concave or convex. As shown in <FIG>, patient interface may have surfaces <NUM> and <NUM>. Surface <NUM> may be an anterior surface or an anterior end of patient interface <NUM>. Surface <NUM> may be a posterior surface or a posterior end of patient interface <NUM>. In one example, surface <NUM> may be surface <NUM>. In a second example, surface <NUM> may be surface <NUM>. In another example, surface <NUM> may be a surface of lens <NUM>. Surface <NUM> may be a surface of lens <NUM> that contacts eye <NUM>.

At <NUM>, a maximum intensity value of the multiple intensity values is determined. For example, computer system <NUM> may determine a maximum intensity value of the multiple intensity values. In another example, computer system <NUM> may determine a maximum intensity value of the multiple intensity values.

At <NUM>, an interim focal point distance of the multiple interim focal point distances respectively associated with the maximum intensity value is determined. For example, interim focal point distance 1030D of interim focal point distances 1030A-1030D may be determined.

At <NUM>, a focal point distance of the multiple focal point distances is determined as the interim focal point distance of the multiple interim focal point distances respectively associated with the maximum intensity value. In one example, a focal point distance of the multiple focal point distances may be determined as interim focal point distance 1030D, of interim focal point distances 1030A-1030D, respectively associated with the maximum intensity value.

Turning now to <FIG>, another example of a method of determining multiple intensity values associated with respective multiple interim focal point distances is illustrated. The method illustrated in <FIG> is performed for each interim focal point distance of the multiple interim focal point distances. For example, the method illustrated in <FIG> may be performed for each interim focal point distance of interim focal point distances 1030A-1030D.

At <NUM>, a beam expander is adjusted to focus the laser beam to the interim focal point distance. For example, beam expander <NUM> may be adjusted to focus the laser beam to interim focal point distance <NUM>. Adjusting beam expander <NUM> to focus the laser beam to interim focal point distance <NUM> may include adjusting one or more lenses of beam expander <NUM>. For example, one or more of lenses 142A and 142B may be adjusted to focus the laser beam to an interim focal point distance <NUM>.

At <NUM>, at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from a surface of a patient interface is received via a TPA. For example, TPA detector <NUM> may receive at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from surface <NUM> of patient interface <NUM>.

At <NUM>, an intensity value, of the multiple intensity values, associated with the interim focal point distance is determined from the at least the portion of the laser beam. For example, an intensity value associated with an interim focal point distance <NUM> may be determined. An intensity value associated with interim focal point distance 1030D may be a maximum intensity value.

The multiple intensity values may be utilized to determine a topography. For example, the multiple intensity values may be utilized to determine a topography of a surface of a patient interface. The multiple intensity values may be utilized to determine a topography of surface <NUM> of patient interface <NUM>. For example, a surface of patient interface <NUM> may include manufacturing inconsistencies and/or manufacturing flaws. When eye <NUM> is in contact with surface <NUM> of patient interface <NUM>, the topography of surface <NUM> may be utilized in determining and/or maintaining a depth of a cut or incision in eye <NUM>. For example, the topography of surface <NUM> may be utilized as a topography of a surface of eye <NUM> in determining and/or maintaining a depth of a cut or incision in eye <NUM> when eye <NUM> is in contact with surface <NUM>.

Turning now to <FIG>, an example of a method of determining at least one incision depth is illustrated. At <NUM>, a laser beam may be produced. For example, laser <NUM> may produce a laser beam. Producing a laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam. Pulsing the laser beam may include pulsing the laser beam at femtosecond pulse durations. The laser beam may include photons associated with multiple frequencies.

At <NUM>, first multiple focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam may be determined. In one example, as illustrated in <FIG>, multiple positions 910A-<NUM> of plane <NUM>, orthogonal to a laser beam, may be associated with multiple focal point distances. Although only fourteen positions are illustrated in <FIG>, any number of positions may be utilized. Further, the positions may be at any locations. As shown, plane <NUM> may be associated with a X-axis and a Y-axis. In a second example, as illustrated in <FIG>, multiple positions 910A-<NUM> of plane <NUM> may be utilized with eye <NUM>. Although only fourteen positions are illustrated in <FIG>, any number of positions may be utilized. Further, the positions may be at any locations. In another example, multiple focal point distances 940A-940D of laser beam <NUM>, illustrated in respective <FIG>, associated with respective multiple positions 910E-<NUM> of plane <NUM> may be determined. The multiple focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam may be determined via a method illustrated in <FIG>.

At <NUM>, a depth of at least one incision in the eye of the patient may be determined based at least on differences between each of second multiple focal point distances and each respective one of the first multiple focal point distances. In one example, a depth of incision <NUM> in eye <NUM> of patient <NUM> may be determined based at least on differences between focal point distances 940A-940D and respective focal point distances 920A-920D. The second multiple focal point distances may be associated with a topography of a surface of eye <NUM>. In a second example, a depth of incision <NUM> in eye <NUM> of patient <NUM> may be determined based at least on differences between focal point distances 940A-940D and respective focal point distances 1020A-1020D. The second multiple focal point distances may be associated with a topography of a surface of patient interface <NUM>. In another example, a depth of incision <NUM> in eye <NUM> of patient <NUM> may be determined based at least on differences between focal point distances 942A-942D, respectively illustrated in <FIG>, and respective focal point distances 920A-920D.

A topography of the at least one incision in the eye of the patient may be determined based at least on differences between each of the second multiple focal point distances and each respective one of the first multiple focal point distances. A flap thickness may be determined via the depth of the at least one incision in the eye of the patient. For example, a flap thickness profile may be determined based at least on one or more depths of at least one incision in the eye of the patient. A flap thickness may be determined based at least on differences between each of the second multiple focal point distances and each respective one of the first multiple focal point distances.

A cutting depth may be corrected based at least on a depth of an incision in the eye of the patient. In one example, a cutting depth may be maintained (e.g., with little deviations or no deviations from a prescribed cutting depth) while an incision in the eye of the patient is being performed. In a second example, a cutting contour may be maintained (e.g., with little deviations or no deviations from a prescribed cutting depth) while an incision in the eye of the patient is being performed. A little deviation from a prescribed cutting depth may be a margin of acceptable error for the prescribed cutting depth. In a third example, a flap may be incised in the eye of the patient with little deviation or no deviation from a prescribed cutting depth. In another example, a lenticule may be incised in the eye of the patient with little deviation or no deviation from a prescribed cutting depth. As an example, a WAVELIGHT® FS <NUM> laser system, available from Alcon Vision LLC, may perform an incision in the eye of the patient.

At <NUM>, the depth of the at least one incision in the eye of the patient may be displayed. In one example, the depth of the at least one incision may be displayed via a display. In another example, the depth of the at least one incision may be displayed via a printer. The printer may print the depth of the at least one incision on a piece of paper. The topography of the eye of the patient may be displayed with the depth of the at least one incision in the eye of the patient. The topography of the surface of the patient interface may be displayed with the depth of the at least one incision in the eye of the patient. The topography of the at least one incision in the eye of the patient may be displayed. The topography of the eye of the patient and the topography of the at least one incision in the eye of the patient may be displayed.

Turning now to <FIG>, an example of method of determining multiple of focal point distances associated with respective multiple positions of a plane orthogonal to a laser beam is illustrated. The method illustrated in <FIG> may be performed for each position of the multiple positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam. In one example, the method illustrated in <FIG> may be performed for each position of positions 910A-<NUM> of plane <NUM>. In another example, the method illustrated in <FIG> may be performed for each position of some of positions 910A-<NUM> of plane <NUM>.

At <NUM>, at least one mirror may be adjusted to target the laser beam to the position of the multiple positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam. The at least one mirror may be adjusted to target the laser beam to any position. As an example, the at least one mirror may be adjusted to target the laser beam to position 910F. Scanner <NUM> may include one or more mirrors. For example, scanner <NUM> may target the laser beam to the position of the multiple positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam. Scanner <NUM> may adjust at least one mirror to target the laser beam to the position of the multiple positions of the plane orthogonal to the laser beam.

At <NUM>, multiple intensity values associated with respective interim focal point distances may be determined. In one example, multiple intensity values associated with respective interim focal point distances 950A-950C of laser beam <NUM>, illustrated in respective <FIG>, may be determined. In another example, multiple intensity values associated with respective interim focal point distances 930A-930C, 930E, and 930F of laser beam <NUM>, illustrated in respective <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG>, may be determined. The multiple intensity values associated with the respective interim focal point distances may be determined via a method illustrated in <FIG>.

At <NUM>, a maximum intensity value of the multiple intensity values may be determined. In one example, computer system <NUM> may determine a maximum intensity value of the multiple intensity values. In another example, computer system <NUM> may determine a maximum intensity value of the multiple intensity values. If a maximum intensity value associated with interim focal point distance 930D has been determined, another maximum intensity value of the multiple intensity values may be determined. For example, the other maximum intensity value of the multiple intensity values may be associated with interim focal point distance 930F. As an example, a maximum intensity value, of the multiple intensity values, associated with interim focal point distance 930F may be determined.

At <NUM>, an interim focal point distance of the multiple interim focal point distances respectively associated with the maximum intensity value may be determined. In one example, interim focal point distance 950C of interim focal point distances 950A-950C may be determined. In another example, interim focal point distance 930F of interim focal point distances 930A-930C, 930E, and 930F may be determined.

At <NUM>, a focal point distance of the multiple focal point distances may be determined as the interim focal point distance of the multiple interim focal point distances respectively associated with the maximum intensity value. In one example, a focal point distance of the multiple focal point distances may be determined as interim focal point distance 950C, of interim focal point distances 950A-950C, respectively associated with the maximum intensity value. In another example, a focal point distance of the multiple focal point distances may be determined as interim focal point distance 930F, of interim focal point distances 930A-930C, 930E, and 930F, respectively associated with the maximum intensity value.

Turning now to <FIG>, an example of a method of determining multiple intensity values associated with respective multiple interim focal point distances is illustrated. The method illustrated in <FIG> may be performed for each interim focal point distance of the multiple interim focal point distances. For example, the method illustrated in <FIG> may be performed for each interim focal point distance of interim focal point distances 950A-950C.

At <NUM>, a beam expander may be adjusted to focus the laser beam to the interim focal point distance. In one example, beam expander <NUM> may be adjusted to focus the laser beam to interim focal point distance <NUM>. In another example, beam expander <NUM> may be adjusted to focus the laser beam to interim focal point distance <NUM>. Adjusting beam expander <NUM> to focus the laser beam to an interim focal point distance may include adjusting one or more lenses of beam expander <NUM>. In one example, one or more of lenses 142A and 142B may be adjusted to focus the laser beam to interim focal point distance <NUM>. In another example, one or more of lenses 142A and 142B may be adjusted to focus the laser beam to interim focal point distance <NUM>.

At <NUM>, at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from an incision in an eye of a patient may be received via a TPA. For example, TPA detector <NUM> may receive at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from incision <NUM> in eye <NUM> of patient <NUM>.

At <NUM>, an intensity value, of the multiple intensity values, associated with the interim focal point distance may be determined from the at least the portion of the laser beam. In one example, an intensity value associated with interim focal point distance <NUM> may be determined. An intensity value associated with interim focal point distance 930F may be a maximum intensity value. In another example, an intensity value associated with interim focal point distance <NUM> may be determined. An intensity value associated with interim focal point distance 950C may be a maximum intensity value.

Storing the intensity value associated with the interim focal point distance and the interim focal point distance via the memory medium may include storing the intensity value associated with the interim focal point distance and the interim focal point distance via a database. The interim focal point distance may be accessed and/or may be retrieved from the database via the intensity value associated with the interim focal point distance. For example, a focal point distance may be accessed and/or may be retrieved from the database via a maximum intensity value. The database may be stored locally, via a remote computer system, or via a remote data center, among others. In one example, the database may include a relational database. In a second example, the database may include a graph database. In a third example, the database may include an associative array. In another example, the database may include a NoSQL database.

Turning now to <FIG> and <FIG>, examples of a patient interface at an angle to plane are illustrated. As shown in <FIG>, a line 1040A may be parallel to plane <NUM> and a X-axis. Determining a topography of a surface of a patient interface may include determining an angle θ. As illustrated in <FIG>, a line 1040B may be parallel to plane <NUM> and a Y-axis. For example, line 1040B may be orthogonal to line 1040A. Lines 1040A and 1040B may be parallel to plane <NUM>. Determining a topography of a surface of a patient interface may include with surface <NUM> of patient interface <NUM>, one or more of angles θ and φ may be utilized in determining and/or maintaining a depth of a cut or an incision in eye <NUM>.

One or more of the method and/or process elements and/or one or more portions of a method and/or processor elements may be performed in varying orders, may be repeated, or may be omitted. Furthermore, additional, supplementary, and/or duplicated method and/or process elements may be implemented, instantiated, and/or performed as desired. Moreover, one or more of system elements may be omitted and/or additional system elements may be added as desired.

A memory medium may be and/or may include an article of manufacture. For example, the article of manufacture may include and/or may be a software product and/or a program product. The memory medium may be coded and/or encoded with processor-executable instructions in accordance with one or more flowcharts, systems, methods, and/or processes described herein to produce the article of manufacture.

Claim 1:
A medical system (<NUM>, 400A, 400B, 400C), comprising:
at least one processor (<NUM>);
a laser (<NUM>) coupled to the at least one processor (<NUM>) and configured to produce a laser beam;
a two-photon absorption, TPA, detector (<NUM>) coupled to the at least one processor (<NUM>); and
a memory medium (<NUM>) that is coupled to the at least one processor (<NUM>) and that includes instructions (<NUM>), when executed by the at least one processor (<NUM>), cause the medical system to:
produce the laser beam;
determine a plurality of focal point distances associated with a respective plurality of positions of a plane orthogonal to the laser beam by, for each position of the plurality of positions, the instructions further causing the medical system to:
adjust at least one mirror to target the laser beam to the position;
determine a plurality of intensity values associated with a respective plurality of interim focal point distances by, for each interim focal point distance of the plurality of interim focal point distances, the instructions (<NUM>) further causing the medical system to:
adjust a beam expander (<NUM>) to focus the laser beam to the interim focal point distance;
receive, via the TPA detector (<NUM>), at least a portion of the laser beam reflected from a surface (<NUM>) of a patient interface (<NUM>); and
determine, from the at least the portion of the laser beam, an intensity value of the plurality of intensity values associated with the interim focal point distance;
determine a maximum intensity value of the plurality of intensity values;
determine an interim focal point distance of the plurality of interim focal point distances respectively associated with the maximum intensity value; and
determine a focal point distance of the plurality of focal point distances as the interim focal point distance of the plurality of interim focal point distances respectively associated with the maximum intensity value; and
determine a topography of the surface (<NUM>) of the patient interface (<NUM>) based at least on the plurality of focal point distances associated with the respective plurality of positions.