Patent Description:
There exists a need for further improvements in <NUM> NR technology, as the need for high reliability communications may be constrained by limited availability of network resources.

For example, a vehicle-to-anything (V2X) communication system has to support a relatively large packet size. Further, to meet a required transmission range, it is inevitable to increase a transmission time. In addition, in a V2X communication system, half duplex transmission are used, which may lead to packets not being received. For example, if three UEs have even partially overlapping transmission times, then they cannot receive transmissions from each other due to the half-duplex nature of the transmissions. Accordingly, using a relatively large packet size combined with a relatively long transmission time leads to relatively higher half duplex losses, since every time a UE transmits it cannot receive other packets during the duration of the transmission.

<CIT> discloses a method and system of improving quality of service in a communication system. The method includes the step of encoding a data set multiple times in a communication transmitter with the same or different error codes to form a plurality of encoded data sets. Each of the encoded data sets is then parallel or serial transmitted to a designated receiver. In addition, each of the encoded data sets may be adapted to an optimized burst structure for use in a TDMA system, CDMA system, or combination system thereof.

<CIT> discloses a method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wire-less communication. The apparatus determines to change a mode of operation from a first signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) mode to an increased SNR mode, sends channel quality information (CQI) to a base station indicating an ability to receive data at the increased SNR, and receives the data from the base station according to a higher order modulation and coding scheme (MCS) corresponding to the increased SNR when the base station is capable of providing the data at the high-er order MCS.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are stipulated in the dependent claims. While several embodiments and/or examples have been disclosed in the description, the subject matter for which protection is sought is limited to those examples and/or embodiments which are encompassed by the scope of the appended claims. Embodiments and/or examples that do not fall under the scope of the claims are useful for understanding the invention.

Methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable mediums for wireless communication are disclosed by the present disclosure.

In an aspect, a method of wireless communication is provided according to appended claim <NUM>.

In other aspects, a computer program is provided according to appended claim <NUM>.

In an aspect, a user equipment is provided according to appended claim <NUM>.

The present aspects provide methods, apparatuses, computer readable media, and means for transmitting and receiving data in half-duplex mode in V2X communications.

In some implementations, a NR V2X and/or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication network may support packets of varying sizes. Larger data packets may require longer transmission time than smaller data packets due to increased size. User equipment in the NR V2X and/or V2V communication network may operate using a half-duplex communication mode. The UEs in half-duplex mode may transmit and receive data, but not simultaneously. When the UEs transmit data using half-duplex mode, the UEs may not be able to receive any data, which may lead to data losses.

In an aspect of the present disclosure, a transmitting UE in the NR V2X and/or V2V network may re-encode a longer packet with a higher modulation order (relative to the coding used to form the longer packet) and/or higher coding rate to form a shorter packet having a shorter transmission duration. Further, the transmitting UE may re-transmit the shorter packet for a number of repetitions. The combination of the shorter packet with the higher modulation order and the number of repetitions of the shorter packet may help to avoid half duplex packet losses, and improve the efficiently of communications in the network.

More particularly, the higher modulation order (relative to the coding used to form the longer packet) may include a higher modulation and coding scheme (MCS), which can operate to condense the data in the longer packet into the shorter packet. In some implementations, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) to decode a single copy of the shorter packet may be high, and as a result it may be difficult for the shorter packet to meet a required communication range. For example, the receiving UE may be too far away to properly decode the shorter packet sent by the transmitting UE. Consequently, the number of repetitions of the shorter packet may be increased, as when the number of repetitions of the shorter packet increases then the SNR requirement decreases because of the increasing chance of decoding the data in the shorter packet by the receiving UE. As such, in the present disclosure, the number of repetitions may be based on the required communication range. If one repetition is lost (e.g., due to being half-duplex) at the receiving UE, then due to the reduction in the required communication range and the number of repetitions of the shorter packet, the receiving UE still has a chance to decode the data in the shorter packet from the other repetitions. Further, under the same required communication range, the larger packet may require a higher number of repetitions than the shorter packet.

Thus, an aspect of the present disclosure includes flexible repetition numbers to accommodate the required communication range, which reduces the half-duplex penalty (e.g., potential collision with other transmitted packets) using shortened packets, accommodating the required communicating range for all packet sizes.

In summary, UEs operating in half-duplex mode may shorten a packet and generate redundant versions of the shortened packet. The UEs may transmit the shortened packet and the redundant versions of the shortened packet to other UEs operating in half-duplex mode to decrease loss of data stemming from transmission collisions.

Referring to <FIG>, an example of a wireless communications system and an access network <NUM> includes UEs <NUM> that may be configured for wireless communications. For example, in an aspect, some UEs <NUM> maybe configured for performing V2V and/or V2X communications with other UEs <NUM>, over device-to-device (D2D) communication links <NUM> in a D2D communications system <NUM>. The UEs <NUM> may include various devices related to vehicles and transportation. For example, the UEs <NUM> may include vehicles, devices within vehicles, and transportation infrastructure such as roadside devices, tolling stations, fuel supplies, or any other device that may communicate with a vehicle.

In particular, the UEs <NUM> are configured to re-encode a larger packet into multiple repetitions of a smaller packet for V2V and/or V2X half-duplex communications in the D2D communications system <NUM>, which may help to improve reception of the packet by a receiving UE while reducing half duplex losses. For example, in an aspect, the UEs <NUM> in the D2D communications system <NUM> may include a transmission/reception component <NUM> configured to transmit and/or receive data packets from other UEs <NUM>. In some aspects, the UEs <NUM> may include a modulation and coding scheme component 198a configured to re-encode the data in a first packet into a second packet smaller than the first packet. The first packet may have been coded at a first modulation order, while the second packet is encoded with a second modulation order higher than the first modulation order, thereby resulting in a length of the packet being shorter. In certain aspects, the UEs <NUM> may include a redundancy component 198b configured to generate and transmit one or more redundant versions of the second packet in order to enable the shorter packet to be received within a required communication range, e.g., to reduce a required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for receiving the shorter packet. Further, by transmitting a number of repetitions of the second packet, the chance of avoiding collisions with other transmissions may be overcome or the chance of at least one of the number of repetitions being received improves, thereby improving the efficiency of the D2D communication system <NUM>.

Further details of the D2D communications system <NUM>, a first UE 104a, a second UE 104b, a third UE 104c and the features of the present disclosure are described below with reference to <FIG>.

Still referring to <FIG>, the wireless communications system (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) further includes base stations <NUM>, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) <NUM>, and a <NUM> Core (5GC) <NUM>. The base stations <NUM> configured for <NUM> LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) may interface with the EPC <NUM> through backhaul links <NUM> (e.g., S1 interface). The base stations <NUM> configured for <NUM> NR (collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) may interface with 5GC <NUM> through backhaul links <NUM>. The base stations <NUM> may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC <NUM> or 5GC <NUM>) with each other over backhaul links <NUM> (e.g., X2 interface).

There maybe overlapping geographic coverage areas <NUM>. A network that includes both small cells and macro cells may be known as a heterogeneous network. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or less carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL).

As mentioned above, certain UEs <NUM> may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link <NUM>. Additionally, the D2D communication link <NUM> may be implemented in vehicular systems, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and/or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks and/or enhanced vehicle-to-everything (eV2X) networks.

A base station <NUM>, whether a small cell <NUM>' or a large cell (e.g., macro base station), may include an eNB, gNodeB (gNB), or other type of base station.

The 5GC <NUM> may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) <NUM>, other AMFs <NUM>, a Session Management Function (SMF) <NUM>, and a User Plane Function (UPF) <NUM>. The AMF <NUM> is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs <NUM> and the 5GC <NUM>. Generally, the AMF <NUM> provides quality of service (QoS) flow and session management.

The base station <NUM> may also be referred to as a gNB, Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a transmit reception point (TRP), or some other suitable terminology. The base station <NUM> provides an access point to the EPC <NUM> or 5GC <NUM> for a UE <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, an example of a timing diagram <NUM> shows the transmissions of a data packet by each of the first UE 104a, the second UE 104b, and the third UE 104c operating in half-duplex mode, where some transmissions may collide and cannot be received. In some implementations, the first UE 104a may transmit a first data packet <NUM> during a first time <NUM> to the second UE 104b and the third UE 104c. The second UE 104b may transmit a second data packet <NUM> during a second time <NUM> to the first UE 104a and the second UE 104c. The third UE 104c may transmit a third data packet <NUM> during a third time <NUM> to the first UE 104a and the second UE 104b. Since the first UE 104a operates in half-duplex mode, the first UE 104a may be unable to receive any data packet during the first time <NUM>. Similarly, due to half duplex mode operation, the second UE 104b may be unable to receive any data packet during the second time <NUM> and the third UE 104c may be unable to receive any data packet during the third time <NUM>. Since the first time <NUM> overlaps <NUM> in time with the second time <NUM>, and the second time <NUM> overlaps <NUM> in time with the third time <NUM>, some data packets may not be received by the first UE 104a, the second UE 104b, and the third UE 104c. For example, the first UE 104a may not receive the second data packet <NUM> due to the transmission collision or overlap <NUM> between the transmissions/receptions of the first data packet <NUM> at the first time <NUM> and the second data packet <NUM> at the second time <NUM>. In other examples, the second UE 104b may not receive the first data packet <NUM> and the second data packet <NUM> due to the transmission collision or overlap <NUM> between the transmissions/receptions of the first data packet <NUM> at the first time <NUM> and the second data packet <NUM> at the second time <NUM>, and due to the transmission collision or overlap <NUM> between the transmissions/receptions of the second data packet <NUM> at the second time <NUM> and the third data packet <NUM> at the third time <NUM>. In another example, the third UE 104c may not receive the second data packet <NUM> due to the transmission collision or overlap <NUM> between the transmissions/receptions of the third data packet <NUM> at the third time <NUM> and the second data packet <NUM> at the second time <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, in an aspect of the present disclosure, example timing diagrams <NUM> and <NUM> include the transmissions of data in a number of repetitions of relatively shorter (e.g., relatively higher modulation order), redundant packets by the first UE 104a, the second UE 104b, and the third UE 104c operating in half-duplex mode. Timing diagram <NUM> includes an example of the number of repetitions of relatively shorter, redundant packets being consecutive, e.g., one after the other. In contrast, timing diagram <NUM> includes an example of the number of repetitions of relatively shorter, redundant packets being non-consecutive, e.g., spaced apart in time and/or frequency.

In some implementations, referring to timing diagram <NUM>, the first UE 104a re-codes a longer packet <NUM>, using a selected relatively higher order modulation and/or coding rate (e.g., a higher MCS), into a first shortened packet 312a. A first MCS used to code the longer packet <NUM> may include an MCS value lower than the MCS value of a second MCS used to re-code the <NUM> longer packet <NUM> into the first shortened packet 312a The first UE 104a selects the second MCS based on a required communication range between the first UE 104a and the second UE 104b/third UE 104c. The UEs <NUM> may determine the required communication range among the UEs <NUM> based on a quality of service (QoS) requirement associated with transmitting the packet. Also, alternatively or in addition, the first UE 104a selects the second MCS based on the bit size of the longer packet <NUM>, e.g., in order to select that highest MCS in order to finish transmitting the packet within a predefined time threshold (e.g., <NUM> or <NUM> slots). In some examples, the second MCS may be based on one or more of the factors discussed above.

In other words, the longer packet <NUM> may be a first coded packet (e.g., an original data packet encoded according to a first modulation order) that may be traditionally sent by the first UE 104a, which results in a relatively long transmission time, which increases the time when the first UE 104a cannot receive other transmissions. According to this disclosure, instead of transmitting the longer packet <NUM>, the first UE 104a re-codes the original packet using a second, relatively higher modulation order, as compared the first modulation order, resulting in the shorter packet, which may be duplicated into one or more shorter packets (e.g., shorter packets 312a - 312d) for use in a number of repetitions of the original transmission, e.g., to improve the chance of being received by a receiving UE. As such, the original packet size is fixed, but according to this disclosure the first UE 104a uses a relatively higher modulation order (or MCS) so that the coding rate is higher, so less coded bits are generated for the same packet size, and thus the number of coded bit carried per tone per OFDM symbol is higher (e.g., a relatively higher order modulation, such as 64QAM, carries <NUM> bits per tone per OFDM symbol as compared to a relatively lower modulation order, such as QPSK, which carries <NUM> bits per tone per symbol) so that fewer number of tones and OFDM symbols is needed to carry the entire coded packet.

In certain implementations, the first UE 104a may transmit the first shortened packet 312a, a first redundant packet 312b, a second redundant packet 312c, and a third redundant packet 312d to the second UE 104b and/or the third UE 104c. The number of redundant packets may be <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, and may depend on the required SNR value at the receiver (e.g., the second UE 104b or the third UE 104c). Alternatively or additionally, the number of redundant packets may depend on the congestion level of the transmission (e.g., a level of other transmissions in the vicinity of the transmitting UE, a number of UEs in the vicinity of the transmitting UE, a number of collisions in the network) of the longer packet <NUM>. For instance, the first UE 104a may determine a congestion index corresponding to the congestion level based on a measurement. In one implementation, the first UE 104a will perform some measurement, e.g., measuring a level of received energy (or noise), and from the measurement determine the congestion level. In some examples, the number of redundant packets may be based on one or more of the factors discussed above.

In some cases, the first UE 104a may first select the highest MCS possible in order to finish transmitting a packet within a time threshold. If the packet is too large to meet this goal, then the first UE <NUM> may have to increase the amount of time used to transmit the packet (e.g., increase the number of slots), while still using the highest MCS available. Further, the first UE 104a may then determine the number of repetitions based on the required communication range and/or the congestion level.

In some implementations, the second UE 104b may transmit the second shortened packet 314a (re-coded from a longer packet), a first redundant packet 314b, a second redundant packet 314c, and a third redundant packet 314d to the first UE 104a and/or the third UE 104c. The third UE 104b may transmit the third shortened packet 316a (re-coded from a longer packet), a first redundant packet 316b, a second redundant packet 316c, and a third redundant packet 316d to the second UE 104b and/or the second UE 104b.

Since the first UE 104a may operate in half-duplex mode, the first UE 104a may not receive the second shortened packet 314a due to the overlap in transmission time between the third redundant packet 312d and the second shortened packet 314a. However, the first UE 104a may receive one or more of the first redundant packet 314b, the second redundant packet 314c, and/or the third redundant packet 314d. The first UE 104a may decode one or more of the first redundant packet 314b, the second redundant packet 314c, and/or the third redundant packet 314d to obtain the data stored therein. The data stored in the first redundant packet 314b, the second redundant packet 314c, and/or the third redundant packet 314d may be identical to the data in the second shortened packet 314a. The first UE 104a may receive and decode the data stored in the third shortened packet 316a, the first redundant packet 316b, a second redundant packet 316c, and the third redundant packet 316d.

Since the second UE 104b may operate in half-duplex mode, the second UE 104b may not receive the third redundant packet 312d and/or the third shortened packet 316a due to the overlap in transmission time between the third redundant packet 312d and the second shortened packet 314a and/or between the third redundant packet 314d and the third shortened packet 316a. However, the second UE 104b may receive one or more of the first shortened packet 312a, the first redundant packet 312b and/or the second redundant packet 312c. The second UE 104b may decode one or more of the first shortened packet 312a, the first redundant packet 312b and/or the second redundant packet 312c to obtain the data stored therein. The data stored in the first redundant packet 312b and/or the second redundant packet 312c may be identical to the data in the first shortened packet 312a. The data stored in the first redundant packet 312b and/or the second redundant packet 312c may be identical to the data in the first shortened packet 312a. Similarly, the second UE 104b may receive one or more of the first redundant packet 316b, the second redundant packet 316c, and/or the third redundant packet 316d. The second UE 104b may decode one or more of the first redundant packet 316b, the second redundant packet 316c, and/or the third redundant packet 316d to obtain the data stored therein. The data stored in the first redundant packet 316b, the second redundant packet 316c, and/or the third redundant packet 316d may be identical to the data in the third shortened packet 316a.

Since the third UE 104c may operate in half-duplex mode, the third UE 104c may not receive the third redundant packet 314d due to the overlap in transmission time between the third redundant packet 314d and the third shortened packet 316a. However, the third UE 104c may receive one or more of the second shortened packet 314a, the first redundant packet 314b, and/or the second redundant packet 314c. The third UE 104c may decode one or more of the second shortened packet 314a, the first redundant packet 314b, and/or the second redundant packet 314c to obtain the data stored therein. The third UE 104c may receive and decode the data stored in the first shortened packet 312a, the first redundant packet 312b, a second redundant packet 312c, and the third redundant packet 312d.

In another implementation where the number of repetitions are non-consecutive, referring to timing diagram <NUM>, the first UE 104a may transmit the first shortened packet <NUM> (re-coded from a longer packet 36o)a, a first redundant packet 322b, a second redundant packet 322c, and a third redundant packet 322d to the second UE 104b and/or the third UE 104c at spaced apart times (and, optionally, on one or more different frequencies). The second UE 104b may transmit the second shortened packet 324a, a first redundant packet 324b, a second redundant packet 324c, and a third redundant packet 324d at spaced apart times (and, optionally, on one or more different frequencies) to the first UE 104a and/or the third UE 104c. The third UE 104b may transmit the third shortened packet 326a, a first redundant packet 326b, a second redundant packet 326c, and a third redundant packet 326d at spaced apart times (and, optionally, on one or more different frequencies) to the second UE 104b and/or the second UE 104b.

As explained above, certain packets transmitted by the first UE 104a, the second UE 104b, and the third UE 104c operating in half-duplex mode may not be received by target UEs due to transmission collisions. For example, in timing diagram <NUM>, the first UE 104a may not receive the second shortened packet 324a and the third shortened packet 326a due to the transmission of the first shortened packet 322a. The second UE 104b may not receive the first shortened packet 322a and the third shortened packet 326a due to the transmission of the second shortened packet 324a. The third UE 104c may not receive the first shortened packet 322a and the second shortened packet 324a due to the transmission of the third shortened packet 326a.

In other examples, in timing diagram <NUM>, the first redundant packets 322a, 324a, 326a may be received by the first UE 104a, the second UE 104b, and the third UE 104c due to an absence of collision. The third UE 104c may receive the second redundant packets 322c, 324c and the first UE 104a may receive the third redundant packets 324d, 326d.

Thus, in timing diagrams <NUM> and <NUM>, the first shortened packet and the number of redundant packets may be transmitted consecutively (in time) or non-consecutively (in time, e.g., time hopping), and in some options the first shortened packet and the number of redundant packets may be transmitted using frequency hopping.

Referring to <FIG>, an example of a method <NUM> of transmissions of data in redundant packets to improve efficiency in half duplex communications may be implemented by at least one of one or more processors <NUM>, a modem <NUM>, the transmission/reception component <NUM>, the MCS component 198a, or the redundancy component 198b of the UE <NUM>.

At block <NUM>, in certain implementations, the method <NUM> may re-code a first coded packet into a second coded packet, wherein the second coded packet includes less coded bits and has a higher modulation order than the first packet. For example, as described in more detail above, depending on one or more of the required communication range, the bit size of the first coded packet, the required SNR value, the congestion level, at least one of one or more processors <NUM>, a modem <NUM>, and/or the MCS component 198a may re-code the longer packet <NUM> into one or more shortened packets (e.g., 312a to 312d) using amplitude shift keying (ASK), amplitude and phase shift keying (APSK), continuous phase modulation (CPM), frequency shift keying (FSM), phase shift keying (PSK), quadrature amplitude modulations (QAM, such as <NUM>-QAM, <NUM>-QAM, <NUM>-QAM, <NUM>-QAM, <NUM>-QAM, <NUM>-QAM), single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), or other known modulation and coding schemes.

In certain implementations, the processor <NUM>, the modem <NUM>, the transmission/reception component <NUM>, the MCS component 198a, the transceiver <NUM>, the receiver <NUM>, the transmitter <NUM>, the RF front end <NUM>, and/or one or more of the subcomponents of the RF front end <NUM> may be configured to and/or may define means for re-coding a first coded packet into a second coded packet, wherein the second coded packet includes less coded bits and has a higher modulation order than the first packet.

At block <NUM>, in certain implementations, the method <NUM> may generate one or more redundant versions of the second packet. For example, the redundancy component 198b may generate the first redundant packet 312b, the second redundant packet 312c, and the third redundant packet. As described in more detail above, at least one of one or more processors <NUM>, a modem <NUM>, and/or the redundancy component 198b may determine the number of redundant versions of the second packet based on one or more of the required communication range, the bit size of the first coded packet, the required SNR value, the congestion level.

In certain implementations, the processor <NUM>, the modem <NUM>, the transmission/reception component <NUM>, the redundancy component 198b, the transceiver <NUM>, the receiver <NUM>, the transmitter <NUM>, the RF front end <NUM>, and/or one or more of the subcomponents of the RF front end <NUM> may be configured to and/or may define means for generating one or more redundant versions of the second packet.

At block <NUM>, in certain implementations, the method <NUM> may transmit the second packet and the one or more redundant versions of the second packet at different times to a receiving UE. For example, at least one of one or more processors <NUM>, a modem <NUM>, and/or the transmission/reception component <NUM> of the first UE 104a may transmit the first shortened packet 312a, the first redundant packet 312b, the second redundant packet 312c, and the third redundant packet 312d to the second UE 104b and the third UE 104c. The transmission/reception component <NUM> and/or the processor <NUM> may transmit and/or receive data, such as the second packet and the one or more redundant versions of the second packet. Specifically, the transmission/reception component <NUM> may send the digital data associated with the packet to the transceiver <NUM> or the transmitter <NUM>. The transceiver <NUM> and/or the transmitter <NUM> may convert the digital data into electrical data signal, and send to the RF front end <NUM>. The RF front end <NUM> and one or more of the subcomponents, such as the PAs <NUM> and/or the filters <NUM>, may filter, amplify, and/or convert the electrical data signals into electro-magnetic transmission signals. The one or more antennas <NUM> may transmit electro-magnetic transmission signals containing the digital data in the second packet and the one or more redundant versions of the second packet.

In certain implementations, the processor <NUM>, the modem <NUM>, the transmission/reception component <NUM>, the transceiver <NUM>, the receiver <NUM>, the transmitter <NUM>, the RF front end <NUM>, and/or the subcomponents of the RF front end <NUM> may be configured to and/or may define means for transmitting the second packet and the one or more redundant versions of the second packet at different times to a receiving UE.

In some implementations, the first packet may be associated with a first MCS index having a first MCS value, and wherein the re-coding of the first packet into the second packet may include re-coding at a second MCS index having a second MCS value higher than the first MCS value.

In some examples, the method <NUM> may optionally determine a required communication range for the first packet and determine the higher order modulation, e.g., a second MCS index having the second MCS value, based on the required communication range, wherein the higher order modulation or the MCS value and a calculated number of the redundant versions of the second packet are based on a combination of two or more of a bit size of the first packet, a required communication range, a required SNR value, or a congestion level, as described above in more detail.

In some non-limiting examples, the method <NUM> may optionally determine a bit size of the first packet, wherein determining the higher order modulation or the second MCS index having the second MCS value is further based on the bit size of the first packet.

In certain implementations, the method <NUM> may optionally determine a required SNR value (e.g., based on a QoS requirement for the original packet) for successful receipt of the first packet, determine a calculated number of the redundant versions of the second packet based on the required SNR value, wherein the generating one or more redundant versions of the second packet may include generating the calculated number of the redundant versions of the second packet.

In a non-limiting example, the method <NUM> may optionally determine a congestion level based on other transmissions (e.g., as measured by the UE), determine a calculated number of the redundant versions of the second packet based on the congestion level, wherein the generating one or more redundant versions of the second packet may include generating the calculated number of the redundant versions of the second packet.

In some examples, the second packet and the one or more redundant versions of the second packet may be transmitted consecutively or non-consecutively.

Referring to <FIG>, an example of an implementation of the UE <NUM> may include a variety of components, some of which have already been described above, but including components such as one or more processors <NUM> and memory <NUM> and transceiver <NUM> in communication via one or more buses <NUM>, which may operate in conjunction with modem <NUM>, and the transmission/reception component <NUM> to enable one or more of the functions described herein related to generating and transmitting redundant versions of a shortened packet in a half-duplex based communication system. Further, the one or more processors <NUM>, modem <NUM>, memory <NUM>, transceiver <NUM>, RF front end <NUM>, and one or more antennas <NUM>, may be configured to support voice and/or data calls (simultaneously or non-simultaneously) in one or more radio access technologies. The one or more antennas <NUM> may include one or more antennas, antenna elements and/or antenna arrays, and may be controlled for beamforming communications.

In an aspect, the one or more processors <NUM> can include a modem <NUM> that uses one or more modem processors. The various functions related to transmission/reception component <NUM> may be included in modem <NUM> and/or processors <NUM> and, in an aspect, can be executed by a single processor, while in other aspects, different ones of the functions may be executed by a combination of two or more different processors. For example, in an aspect, the one or more processors <NUM> may include any one or any combination of a modem processor, or a baseband processor, or a digital signal processor, or a transmit processor, or a receiver processor, or a transceiver processor associated with transceiver <NUM>. In other aspects, some of the features of the one or more processors <NUM> and/or modem <NUM> associated with the transmission/reception component <NUM> may be performed by transceiver <NUM>.

Also, memory <NUM> may be configured to store data used herein and/or local versions of applications <NUM>, the re-transmission encoding module <NUM>, the re-transmission decoding module <NUM>, and/or one or more of subcomponents thereof being executed by at least one processor <NUM>. Memory <NUM> can include any type of computer-readable medium usable by a computer or at least one processor <NUM>, such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), tapes, magnetic discs, optical discs, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and any combination thereof. In an aspect, for example, memory <NUM> may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores one or more computer-executable codes defining the transmission/reception component <NUM>, and/or one or more of subcomponents thereof, and/or data associated therewith, when UE <NUM> is operating at least one processor <NUM> to execute the transmission/reception component <NUM>, and/or one or more subcomponents thereof.

The transceiver <NUM> may be a half-duplex transceiver configured to transmit and receive data, but not simultaneously. Receiver <NUM> may include hardware, firmware, and/or software code executable by a processor for receiving data, the code comprising instructions and being stored in a memory (e.g., computer-readable medium). In an aspect, receiver <NUM> may receive signals transmitted by at least one base station <NUM> or another UE <NUM>. Additionally, receiver <NUM> may process such received signals, and also may obtain measurements of the signals, such as, but not limited to, Ec/Io, SNR, RSRP, RSSI, etc. Transmitter <NUM> may include hardware, firmware, and/or software code executable by a processor for transmitting data, the code comprising instructions and being stored in a memory (e.g., computer-readable medium). A suitable example of transmitter <NUM> may include, but is not limited to, an RF transmitter.

RF front end <NUM> maybe connected to one or more antennas <NUM> and can include one or more low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) <NUM>, one or more switches <NUM>, one or more power amplifiers (PAs) <NUM>, and one or more filters <NUM> for transmitting and receiving RF signals.

In an aspect, RF front end <NUM> may use one or more switches <NUM> to select a particular LNA <NUM> and an associated specified gain value based on a desired gain value for a particular application.

Claim 1:
A method of wireless communication at a user equipment, UE, comprising:
re-coding (<NUM>) a first coded packet into a second coded packet, wherein the second coded packet includes less coded bits and has a higher modulation order than the first packet;
generating (<NUM>) one or more redundant versions of the second packet; and
transmitting (<NUM>) the second packet and the one or more redundant versions of the second packet at different times to a receiving UE, wherein determining the higher modulation order comprises at least one of:
a. determining a required communication range for the first packet; and
determining the higher modulation order for the second coded packet based on the required communication range; and
b. determining a bit size of the first packet; and
wherein determining the higher modulation order for the second coded packet based on the bit size of the first packet.