Patent Description:
Wireless communication systems may include or support networks used for vehicle based communications, also referred to as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networks, cellular V2X (CV2X) networks, or other similar networks. Vehicle based communication networks may provide always on telematics where UEs, e.g., vehicle UEs (v-UEs), communicate directly to the network (V2N), to pedestrian UEs (V2P), to infrastructure devices (V2I), and to other v-UEs (e.g., via the network and/or directly). The vehicle based communication networks may support a safe, always-connected driving experience by providing intelligent connectivity where traffic signal/timing, real-time traffic and routing, safety alerts to pedestrians/bicyclist, collision avoidance information, etc., are exchanged. In some examples, communications in vehicle based networks may include safety message transmissions (e.g., basic safety message (BSM) transmissions, traffic information message (TIM), etc.).

<CIT> describes a method of resource allocation for wireless communication in which a roadway is divided into a geographic grid including geographic sub-regions. The grid may be mapped to a resource allocation scheme such that each geographic sub-region is mapped to a time-frequency spectrum resource.

Some wireless networks may support vehicle based communications, such as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networks, cellular V2X (CV2X) networks, or other similar networks. Vehicle based communication networks may provide always on telematics where UEs, e.g., vehicle UEs (v-UEs), communicate directly to the network (V2N), to pedestrian UEs (V2P), to infrastructure devices (V2I), and to other v-UEs (e.g., via the network and/or directly). Communications within a vehicle based network may be performed using signals communicated over sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) and/or a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH). In some aspects, communications within a CV2X network may be performed between UEs over a PC5 interface, which may include such sidelink channels.

Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of a wireless communications system, such as a CV2X network including V2P devices. Broadly, aspects of the described techniques provide various mechanisms by which a transmitting device (e.g., the V2P device within a CV2X network) encodes a signal for transmission using a sequence that is based, at least in some aspects, on the physical location of the transmitting device. That is, a geographic area may be mapped, at least to some degree, to a CV2X slot such that transmissions encoded using a sequence implicitly carries or otherwise conveys an indication of the physical location of the device transmitting the signal. For example, a transmitting device (e.g., any V2P device within a CV2X network) may generally determine or otherwise identify location data corresponding to, or otherwise associated with, the physical location of the transmitting device. The transmitting device may determine or otherwise identify a time-frequency resource within a slot that corresponds, at least to some degree, with the physical location of the transmitting device. The transmitting device may use the location data (or at least a portion thereof), the slot, and/or the time frequency resource to generate a sequence used to encode a signal for transmission over the time-frequency resource. The signal (e.g., one or two bits) encoded with the sequence and transmitted within the CV2X network implicitly indicates the physical location of the transmitting device.

The receiving device (e.g., a user equipment (UE), base station, network device/function, or any other device operating within the CV2X network) may use the sequence used to encode the signal to determine the physical location of the transmitting device. For example, the receiving device may receive the signal over the time-frequency resource within the slot and use a set of available sequences to attempt to decode the signal. The receiving device may determine or otherwise identify the sequence that the transmitting device used to encode the signal based on a successful decoding attempt of the signal. That is, the receiving device may attempt to decode the signal using the sequences in the set of available sequences and identify the sequence used by the transmitting device when the decoding attempt is successful with that sequence. The receiving device may then determine or otherwise identify the physical location of the transmitting device using the sequence, the time-frequency resource, and/or the slot in which the signal was received in.

Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to collision avoidance and implicit location encoding in V2P networks.

<FIG> illustrates an example of a wireless communications system <NUM> that supports collision avoidance and implicit location encoding in V2P networks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system <NUM> includes base stations <NUM>, UEs <NUM>, and a core network <NUM>. In some examples, the wireless communications system <NUM> may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some cases, wireless communications system <NUM> may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission critical) communications, low latency communications, or communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices.

For example, wireless communications system <NUM> may use a transmission scheme between a transmitting device (e.g., a base station <NUM>) and a receiving device (e.g., a UE <NUM>), where the transmitting device is equipped with multiple antennas and the receiving device is equipped with one or more antennas.

In one example, a base station <NUM> may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE <NUM>. For instance, some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a base station <NUM> multiple times in different directions, which may include a signal being transmitted according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by the base station <NUM> or a receiving device, such as a UE <NUM>) a beam direction for subsequent transmission and/or reception by the base station <NUM>.

Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a base station <NUM> in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a UE <NUM>). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based at least in in part on a signal that was transmitted in different beam directions. For example, a UE <NUM> may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the base station <NUM> in different directions, and the UE <NUM> may report to the base station <NUM> an indication of the signal it received with a highest signal quality, or an otherwise acceptable signal quality. Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted in one or more directions by a base station <NUM>, a UE <NUM> may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE <NUM>), or transmitting a signal in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device).

At the Physical layer, transpo in rt channels may be mapped to physical channels.

A carrier may be associated with a pre-defined frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute radio frequency channel number (EARFCN)), and may be positioned according to a channel raster for discovery by UEs <NUM>. In some examples, signal waveforms transmitted over a carrier may be made up of multiple sub-carriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)).

The organizational structure of the carriers may be different for different radio access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR).

Devices of the wireless communications system <NUM> (e.g., base stations <NUM> or UEs <NUM>) may have a hardware configuration that supports communications over a particular carrier bandwidth, or may be configurable to support communications over one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system <NUM> may include base stations <NUM> and/or UEs <NUM> that support simultaneous communications via carriers associated with more than one different carrier bandwidth.

Wireless communications system <NUM> may support communication with a UE <NUM> on multiple cells or carriers, a feature which may be referred to as carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation.

In some cases, an eCC may utilize a different symbol duration than other component carriers, which may include use of a reduced symbol duration as compared with symbol durations of the other component carriers.

Wireless communications system <NUM> may be an NR system that may utilize any combination of licensed, shared, and unlicensed spectrum bands, among others. The flexibility of eCC symbol duration and subcarrier spacing may allow for the use of eCC across multiple spectrums. In some examples, NR shared spectrum may increase spectrum utilization and spectral efficiency, specifically through dynamic vertical (e.g., across the frequency domain) and horizontal (e.g., across the time domain) sharing of resources.

A transmitting device (which may be an example of a UE <NUM>, a V2P device, or any device operating within a CV2X network) may identify location data associated with a physical location of the transmitting device. The transmitting device may identify a time-frequency resource within a slot, the time-frequency resource corresponding to at least a portion of the location data associated with the physical location of the transmitting device. The transmitting device may generate a sequence based at least in part on the portion of the location data, or the slot, or the time-frequency resource, or a combination thereof. The transmitting device may encode a signal using the sequence. The transmitting device may transmit the signal using the identified time-frequency resource to indicate the physical location of the transmitting device.

A receiving device (which may be an example of a UE <NUM>, a V2V device, a V2I device, a base station <NUM>, a network device within core network <NUM>, or any other device operating within a CV2X network) may receive a signal from a transmitting device over a time-frequency resource within a slot. The receiving device may attempt to decode the signal using a set of available sequences, each sequence in the set of available sequences associated with the time-frequency resource and the slot. The receiving device may identify a sequence from the set of available sequences based at least in part on successfully decoding the signal using the sequence. The receiving device may determine a physical location of the transmitting device based at least in part on the time-frequency resource, or the slot, or the sequence, or a combination thereof.

<FIG> illustrates an example of a wireless communication system <NUM> that supports collision avoidance and implicit location encoding in V2P networks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, wireless communication system <NUM> may implement aspects of wireless communication system <NUM>. Aspects of wireless communication system <NUM> may be implemented by base station <NUM>, vehicles <NUM>, <NUM>, traffic lights <NUM>, and/or V2P devices <NUM>. In some aspects, one or more of the traffic lights <NUM> may be examples of roadside units (RSUs) communicating in wireless communication system <NUM>, although it is to be understood that other types of devices may be considered RSUs, vulnerable road users (VRUs), etc., within a CV2X network.

In some aspects, wireless communication system <NUM> may support vehicle safety and operational management, such as a CV2X network. Accordingly, one or more of the vehicles <NUM>/<NUM>, traffic lights <NUM>, and/or V2P devices <NUM> may be considered as UEs within the context of the CV2X network. For example, one or more of the vehicles <NUM>/<NUM>, traffic lights <NUM>, and/or V2P devices <NUM> may be equipped or otherwise configured to operate as a UE performing wireless communications over the CV2X network. In some aspects, the CV2X communications may be performed directly between base station <NUM> and one or more of the vehicles <NUM>/<NUM>, traffic lights <NUM>, and/or V2P devices <NUM>, or indirectly via one or more hops. For example, vehicle <NUM> may communicate with base station <NUM> via one hop through vehicle <NUM>, traffic light <NUM>-d, or any other number/configuration of hop(s). In some aspects, the CV2X communications may include communicating control signals (e.g., one or more PSCCH signals) and/or data signals (e.g., one or more PSSCH signals). In some aspects, such sidelink communications may be performed over a PC5 interface between the nodes within wireless communication system <NUM>.

In some aspects, the CV2X network may include different types of nodes communicating over the network. For example, in some aspects the vehicles <NUM> and <NUM> may be considered UEs within the CV2X network and traffic lights <NUM>-a, <NUM>-b, <NUM>-c, and/or <NUM>-d may be considered RSUs. V2P devices <NUM>-a, <NUM>-b, <NUM>-c, and/or <NUM>-d may be any wireless device operating within a CV2X network, and may be examples of VRUs. That is, V2P devices <NUM> may be examples of pedestrians, cyclists, powered two-wheeler devices, etc. More particularly, V2P devices <NUM> may be examples of a UE carried by, and/or an IOE/IOT device worn by, a pedestrian, an IOE/IOT device mounted into a wearable device, bicycle, skateboard, self-balancing device, etc., and the like.

Generally, some nodes (e.g., RSUs, V2V devices, etc.) may be configured differently from other types of nodes (e.g., UEs, V2P devices, etc.) within the CV2X network. For example, some RSUs may have more available transmission power, e.g., due to being connected to a steady power supply instead of a battery. Other nodes (e.g., V2P devices <NUM>) may be equipped with minimal available battery power, lower communications capabilities/requirements, etc..

Moreover, unlike in other wireless networks, a CV2X network may be configured without a central node responsible for scheduling the transmissions within its network. Instead, all CV2X devices may be independent and negotiate their access to a wireless medium by sensing the channel and selecting transmission opportunities based on the channel busyness. The lack of a centralized scheduler may mean that V2X devices may receive transmissions at any time period. This, and the safety sensitive nature of CV2X communications, may mean that CV2X devices may be forced to constantly operate in a receive or listening mode and may not go into a power saving mode. This may not be an issue for some devices (e.g., V2V devices, V2I devices, etc.) as these devices are connected to a centralized power grid or the vehicles power supply. However, this may be problematic if the device is configured with a smaller amount of available battery power, such as V2P devices <NUM>, for example.

Furthermore, one aspect of V2P communications is for the pedestrian's device to be able to accurately signal its location to nearby vehicles, for example. This creates factors regarding power savings and/or device complexity that must be considered. For example, V2P devices <NUM>, e.g., small devices carried and/or worn by pedestrians, are generally battery-powered devices and, as such, cannot afford to constantly be in a listening mode as this will quickly drain the battery. This may prevent V2P devices <NUM> from creating and maintaining a fresh channel occupancy map, which may lead to transmission collisions and/or degraded signal reception by nearby vehicles or other CV2X devices operating on the network. Moreover, V2P devices <NUM> may also be cost sensitive in nature and, therefore, adding additional hardware/functionality may be undesired.

Accordingly, aspects of the described techniques provide a concept that simplifies the V2P device <NUM> by eliminating the need to constantly act as a receiver (e.g., to constantly be in a listening mode to maintain an active channel occupancy map). The described techniques may be used to achieve considerable savings in material cost for the chip itself (e.g., the modem area may typically be dominated by receiver logic) as well as for auxiliary components, such as radio frequency chains, low noise amplifiers, synthesizers, antennas, etc. The described techniques exploit the fact that the pedestrian device (e.g., V2P devices <NUM>) is aware of its physical location (e.g., contains a GPS receiver) and, therefore, can use this information to uniquely select time-frequency resources on a channel grid. That is, each CV2X slot may consist of <NUM> resource blocks across <NUM> symbols (out of which <NUM> symbols are usable). In some aspects, <NUM> resource blocks may consist of <NUM> sub carriers. A typical GPS accuracy may be three meters. Accordingly, this may support a direct mapping of a <NUM> x <NUM> meter grid to a CV2X slot by using the location data associated with the physical location of the transmitting device (e.g., by using the least significant bits (LSBs) of the GPS coordinates).

In one non-limiting example, aspects of the described techniques may include dividing a <NUM> by <NUM> physical location into a location unit (LU). Time-frequency resources within a CV2X slot may then be divided into a location resource (RS), e.g., one RS consists of one symbol by <NUM> resource blocks. A location area (LA) may consist of a <NUM> by <NUM> grid of LUs and one CV2X slot that is mapped to one LA may be considered a location slot (LS). A location region (RR) may correspond to a physical area covered by a LS. In this example, a single LU may include (e.g., is mapped to) <NUM> x <NUM> = <NUM> resource elements capable of holding a sequence of <NUM> complex in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) elements. By using multiple orthogonal sequences, a single LS can further represent multiple LAs by assigning different orthogonal sequences to different LAs (e.g., based on non-LSB bits of the coordinates). This means that by using <NUM> different orthogonal sequences, a single LS can be mapped to an area of size approximately <NUM> x <NUM>. Outside of a particular RR, sequences and resources can be re-used and the receiver can discard distant sequences by setting a threshold level for the receive signal strength.

In terms of channel occupancy, given a maximum pedestrian (including bicycle) speed of <NUM>/h, a 3x3 m grid will be crossed within in about <NUM>. This means that in this example where a single CV2X slot of <NUM> is used, the medium usage for conveying pedestrian location signals to vehicles <NUM>/<NUM> may be <NUM>/<NUM> = <NUM>%. Spectral efficiency vs. detection probability trade-offs can be made by tuning the size of an RS, the number of orthogonal sequences, the number of CV2X slots dedicated for V2P, etc..

Accordingly, the devices of wireless communication system <NUM> may each be configured such that some of the CV2X slots are dedicated or otherwise allocated to V2P traffic (e.g., every Nth CV2X slot, where N is a positive integer). This information may be configured by a network device (e.g., by or via base station <NUM>) during initial connection establishment and/or updated as needed using, for example, higher layer signaling, e.g., using RRC signaling, a MAC control element (CE), IP-based signaling, etc. Accordingly, each device operating within wireless communication system <NUM> (e.g., a CV2X network) may know which slots are dedicated for V2P communications and/or may know which time-frequency resource within a particular slot and for a given physical location correspond to a particular sequence.

Accordingly, any one of the V2P devices <NUM> may be a transmitting device within the context of the described techniques. Initially, each V2P device <NUM> may wake up periodically (e.g., every CV2X slot allocated for V2P device location reporting, such as every <NUM>) and use its internal GPS to determine its location coordinates (e.g., location data). Each V2P device <NUM> may identify the location data associated with its physical location (e.g., may identify the coordinates retrieved from a GPS receiver of the V2P device <NUM>). The V2P device <NUM> may then identify a time-frequency resource within the slot (e.g., within the CV2X slot) based, at least in some aspects, on a portion of the location data associated with physical location of the V2P device <NUM> (e.g., based on the LSBs of the coordinates).

In some aspects, this may include translating the coordinates (from most significant bit (MSB) to LSB) to slot number, sequence number, and time-frequency resource within the slot. For example, the V2P device may select a time-frequency resource that is based on the portion of the location data (e.g., the LSBs of the coordinates), generate a sequence that is based on another portion of the location data (e.g., other bits in the coordinates), and select a slot that is based on yet another portion of the data (e.g., other bits of the coordinates). Accordingly, any specific location within a defined geographic area will correspond to exactly one time-frequency resource within a particular CV2X slot (e.g., one RS) that matches one LU and will be encoded by exactly one orthogonal sequence. As discussed, using orthogonal sequences enable mapping of adjacent physical areas (e.g., LA) to the same slot. This increased the area that can be covered by a single slot and allows devices that are separated by a threshold amount of distance to be able to reuse a sequence number without confusion or collision by a receiving device.

That is, a single LU (a 3mx3m area within the global GPS grid) may be represented by a combination of: a time-frequency resource , an orthogonal sequence, a slot. A grid of adjacent LUs (e.g., an LA) is represented by a combination of: an orthogonal sequence, and a slot. This means that all LUs within an LA may be mapped to different time-frequency resources, but to the same sequence and same slot number. A super-grid of adjacent LAs (e.g., an RR) may be represented by a slot only. Accordingly, time-frequency resources may be used to differentiate between physical locations that are close-by (e.g., within a defined range). Sequences may be used to differentiate between physical locations that are farther apart and slots are used to differentiate between locations that are even further farther apart.

The V2P device <NUM> may then encode a signal (e.g., one bit) using the sequence corresponding to the portion of the location transmitting device, the slot, and of the time-frequency resource, and transmit the encoded signal using the time-frequency resource. This may carry or otherwise convey an indication of the physical location of the transmitting device (e.g., of the V2P device <NUM> transmitting the encoded signal). That is, V2P device <NUM> may transmit the selected sequence over the selected slot using the selected time-frequency resource to implicitly transmit an indication of its physical location.

A receiving device (e.g., vehicles <NUM>/<NUM>, traffic lights <NUM>, base station <NUM>, etc.) may receive the signal from the transmitting device over a particular time-frequency resource and within a particular CV2X slot. The receiving device may attempt to correlate the signal using a set of available sequences, with each sequence in the set of available sequences associated with a respective location area covered by the slot. The receiving device may attempt to correlate the signal using each sequence in the set of available sequences until the correlation attempt is successful. The receiving device may identify the sequence from the set of available sequences based on the successful correlation of the signal using the sequence. The receiving device may determine the physical location of the transmitting device based on the time-frequency resource, the slot, and/or the sequence.

That is, the receiving device may determine whether any given slot is allocated for V2P location reporting (e.g., is a LS). If not, the receiving device may continue with normal V2X operations. If so, the receiving device may cross correlate each RS within the slot to each of the possible sequences. When a match is found (e.g., a correlation threshold passes), the receiving device may translate the slot number, the sequence number, and/or the time-frequency resource location to GPS coordinates (e.g., an LU) and mark that spot as being occupied by a pedestrian (e.g., V2P device <NUM>).

This approach may provide numerous advantages for the devices operating within wireless communication system <NUM>. One example may include the power efficiency of the pedestrian V2P devices <NUM> by eliminating the need for constant spectral monitoring and by not requiring any bi-directional signaling between the V2P devices <NUM> and vehicles <NUM>/<NUM>. Additionally, this approach may reduce the buildout material cost of the V2P devices <NUM> by eliminating (in some cases) or reducing the receiver's capabilities/complexity. Moreover, this may improve the reliability of reception on the vehicle side by eliminating transmitter collisions and therefore minimizing in-band interference. In some aspects, the described techniques may improve resource collision avoidance in the distributed system by implicit mapping of the wireless spectrum to physical GPS coordinates.

<FIG> illustrates an example of a mapping grid <NUM> that supports collision avoidance and implicit location encoding in V2P networks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, mapping grid <NUM> may implement aspects of wireless communication systems <NUM> and/or <NUM>. Aspects of mapping grid <NUM> may be implemented by a transmitting device and/or a receiving device, which may be examples of a UE, base station, V2P device, etc., as described herein. Generally, mapping grid <NUM> illustrates one example for mapping a CV2X slot <NUM> to a LA <NUM>.

Broadly, mapping grid <NUM> illustrates one example of mapping a CV2X slot <NUM> to a LA <NUM> by mapping each RS <NUM> of CV2X slot <NUM> to a corresponding LU <NUM> of location grid <NUM>. As discussed in the illustrative example above, a physical location, such as LU <NUM> may correspond to a <NUM> by <NUM> physical location. RS <NUM> may correspond to a time-frequency resource consisting of one symbol by <NUM> resource blocks within CV2X slot <NUM>. For a given CV2X slot <NUM>, every RS <NUM> is mapped to a corresponding LU <NUM> of LA <NUM>. Moreover, each LA <NUM> may correspond to a unique orthogonal sequence, e.g., each LA <NUM> may have a unique orthogonal identifier that is used to generate a sequence number such that adjacent LAs correspond to different sequence numbers and are mapped to the same CV2X slot.

Accordingly, the first transmitting device (illustrated by a circle in <FIG>) may identify its location data associated with its physical location (e.g., determine its coordinates based on the integrated GPS receiver). The first transmitting device may identify a time-frequency resource within CV2X slot <NUM> that corresponds to at least a portion of the location data associated with the physical location of the transmitting device (e.g., the LSBs of its coordinates). Accordingly, the first transmitting device may generate a sequence based on the portion of the location data (e.g., the LU <NUM>-a within LA <NUM>), on the CV2X slot <NUM>, and/or the time-frequency resource (e.g., the RS <NUM>-a). The first transmitting device may use the sequence to encode a signal that is transmitted using the time-frequency resource to indicate the physical location of the first transmitting device.

Similarly, a second transmitting device (illustrated by a triangle in <FIG>) may identify its location data associated with its physical location (e.g., determine its coordinates based on the integrated GPS receiver). The second transmitting device may identify a time-frequency resource within CV2X slot <NUM> that corresponds to at least a portion of the location data associated with the physical location of the second transmitting device (e.g., the LSBs of its coordinates). Accordingly, the second transmitting device may generate a sequence based on the portion of the location data (e.g., the LU <NUM>-b within LA <NUM>), on the CV2X slot <NUM>, and/or the time-frequency resource (e.g., the RS <NUM>-b). The second transmitting device may use the sequence to encode a signal that is transmitted using the time-frequency resource to indicate the physical location of the second transmitting device.

Accordingly, a receiving device may receive each signal transmitted from the first and second transmitting devices over their respective time-frequency resources within CV2X slot <NUM>. The receiving device may attempt to decode each signal using a set of available sequences, with each sequence associated with a different time-frequency resource and CV2X slot <NUM>. The receiving device may identify the respective sequence for each signal from the set of available sequences by successfully decoding the signal (e.g., by correlating the signal using the set of available sequences), and use the identified sequences, time-frequency resource (e.g., RS <NUM>), and/or CV2X slot <NUM> to determine the location of the respective transmitting devices (e.g., LU <NUM>). Accordingly, the receiving device may determine that the LU <NUM>-a corresponding to the first transmitting device (e.g., the circle) is occupied by a first pedestrian (e.g., the first V2P device) and that the LU <NUM>-b corresponding to the second transmitting device (e.g., the triangle) is occupied by a second pedestrian (e.g., the second V2P device).

<FIG> illustrates an example of a process <NUM> that supports collision avoidance and implicit location encoding in V2P networks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, process <NUM> may implement aspects of wireless communication systems <NUM> and/or <NUM>, and/or mapping configuration <NUM>. Aspects of process <NUM> may be implemented by a transmitting device <NUM> and/or receiving device <NUM>, which may be examples of corresponding devices described herein. In some aspects, transmitting device <NUM> may be an example of a V2P device and a receiving device <NUM> may be an example of a V2P device, a V2V device, a V2I device, a UE, a base station, and the like.

At <NUM>, transmitting device <NUM> may identify location data associated with a physical location (e.g., its LU) of transmitting device <NUM>. In some aspects, this may include a transmitting device <NUM> determining that the physical location of transmitting device <NUM> lies within a location area of a set of available location areas, with the sequence based at least in part on the location area. In some aspects, each location area within the set of available location areas may include a grid of geographic areas (e.g., LUs), with each geographic area corresponding to a time-frequency resource (e.g., RSs). In some aspects, this may include transmitting device <NUM> retrieving information identifying the coordinates from a GPS receiver of transmitting device <NUM>. The location data may include the coordinates, with the portion of the location data corresponding to the LSBs of the coordinates.

At <NUM>, transmitting device <NUM> may identify a time-frequency resource within a slot, the time-frequency resource corresponding to at least a portion of the location data associated with the physical location of transmitting device <NUM>. In some aspects, this may include transmitting device <NUM> identifying an RS corresponding to the physical location (e.g., LU) of transmitting device <NUM>.

At <NUM>, transmitting device <NUM> may generate a sequence based at least in part on the portion of the location data (e.g., the LU), the slot, and/or the time-frequency resource (e.g., the RS). That is, the sequences may be based on which slot (e.g., which CV2X slot) and which time-frequency resources within the slot correspond to the portion of the location data.

At <NUM>, transmitting device <NUM> may encode a signal using the sequence. For example, transmitting device <NUM> may use a sequence to encode one bit or two bits or some other small amount of bits to be transmitted in the slot using the time-frequency resource. This may reduce the amount of information required to be transmitted from transmitting device <NUM> when reporting its location.

At <NUM>, transmitting device <NUM> may transmit (and receiving device <NUM> may receive) the signal using the identified time-frequency resource within the slot to indicate the physical location of transmitting device <NUM>.

At <NUM>, receiving device <NUM> may attempt to decode the signal using a set of available sequences (e.g., correlate the signal using the set of available sequences), with each sequence in the set of available sequences associated with time-frequency resources in the slot. In some aspects, this may include receiving device <NUM> identifying the set of available sequences based on the slot and the time-frequency resources located within the slot. Receiving device <NUM> may know the available portions of location data that correspond to the time-frequency resources within the slot, and use this information to generate the sequences in the set of available sequences.

At <NUM>, receiving device <NUM> may identify the sequence from the set of available sequences based at least in part on successfully decoding the signal (e.g., successfully correlating the signal) using the sequence. That is, the signal may only be successfully decoded using the same sequence that was used to encode the signal by transmitting device <NUM>. Accordingly, the receiving device <NUM> successfully decoding the signal using a particular sequence from the set of available sequences may signal that the particular sequence is the sequence that was used by transmitting device <NUM> to encode the signal. In some aspects, this may include receiving device <NUM> decoding all available sequences on all of the time-frequency resources within the slot.

At <NUM>, receiving device <NUM> may determine a physical location of transmitting device <NUM> based at least in part on the time-frequency resource, the slot, and/or the sequence. Accordingly, receiving device <NUM> may mark that physical location as being occupied by pedestrian (e.g., a V2P device).

<FIG> shows a block diagram <NUM> of a device <NUM> that supports collision avoidance and implicit location encoding in V2P networks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device <NUM> may be an example of aspects of a UE <NUM>, a transmitting device, a receiving device, etc., as described herein. The device <NUM> may include a receiver <NUM>, a communications manager <NUM>, and a transmitter <NUM>. The device <NUM> may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The receiver <NUM> may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to collision avoidance and implicit location encoding in V2P networks, etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device <NUM>. The receiver <NUM> may be an example of aspects of the transceiver <NUM> described with reference to <FIG>. The receiver <NUM> may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

When device <NUM> is configured as a transmitting device, the communications manager <NUM> may identify location data associated with a physical location of the transmitting device, identify a time-frequency resource within a slot, the time-frequency resource corresponding to at least a portion of the location data associated with the physical location of the transmitting device, transmit the signal using the identified time-frequency resource to indicate the physical location of the transmitting device, generate a sequence based on the portion of the location data, or the slot, or the time-frequency resource, or a combination thereof, and encode a signal using the sequence.

When device <NUM> is configured as a receiving device, the communications manager <NUM> may also receive a signal from a transmitting device over a time-frequency resource within a slot, attempt to decode the signal using a set of available sequences, each sequence in the set of available sequences associated with the time-frequency resource and the slot, identify a sequence from the set of available sequences based on successfully decoding the signal (e.g., correlating the signal) using the sequence, and determine a physical location of the transmitting device based on the time-frequency resource, or the slot, or the sequence, or a combination thereof. The communications manager <NUM> may be an example of aspects of the communications manager <NUM> described herein.

<FIG> shows a block diagram <NUM> of a device <NUM> that supports collision avoidance and implicit location encoding in V2P networks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device <NUM> may be an example of aspects of a device <NUM>, a UE <NUM>, a transmitting device, a receiving device, etc., as described herein. The device <NUM> may include a receiver <NUM>, a communications manager <NUM>, and a transmitter <NUM>. The device <NUM> may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The communications manager <NUM> may be an example of aspects of the communications manager <NUM> as described herein. The communications manager <NUM> may include a location data manager <NUM>, a resource manager <NUM>, and a sequence manager <NUM>. The communications manager <NUM> may be an example of aspects of the communications manager <NUM> described herein.

When device <NUM> is configured as a transmitting device, the location data manager <NUM> may identify location data associated with a physical location of the transmitting device.

When device <NUM> is configured as a transmitting device, the resource manager <NUM> may identify a time-frequency resource within a slot, the time-frequency resource corresponding to at least a portion of the location data associated with the physical location of the transmitting device and transmit the signal using the identified time-frequency resource to indicate the physical location of the transmitting device.

When device <NUM> is configured as a transmitting device, the sequence manager <NUM> may generate a sequence based on the portion of the location data, or the slot, or the time-frequency resource, or a combination thereof and encode a signal using the sequence.

When device <NUM> is configured as a receiving device, the resource manager <NUM> may receive a signal from a transmitting device over a time-frequency resource within a slot.

When device <NUM> is configured as a receiving device, the sequence manager <NUM> may attempt to decode the signal using a set of available sequences, each sequence in the set of available sequences associated with the time-frequency resource and the slot and identify a sequence from the set of available sequences based on successfully decoding the signal (e.g., correlating the signal) using the sequence.

When device <NUM> is configured as a receiving device, the location data manager <NUM> may determine a physical location of the transmitting device based on the time-frequency resource, or the slot, or the sequence, or a combination thereof.

<FIG> shows a block diagram <NUM> of a communications manager <NUM> that supports collision avoidance and implicit location encoding in V2P networks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager <NUM> may be an example of aspects of a communications manager <NUM>, a communications manager <NUM>, or a communications manager <NUM> described herein. The communications manager <NUM> may include a location data manager <NUM>, a resource manager <NUM>, a sequence manager <NUM>, a location area manager <NUM>, and a coordinates manager <NUM>. Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The location data manager <NUM> may identify location data associated with a physical location of the transmitting device. In some examples, the location data manager <NUM> may determine a physical location of the transmitting device based on the time-frequency resource, or the slot, or the sequence, or a combination thereof.

The resource manager <NUM> may identify a time-frequency resource within a slot, the time-frequency resource corresponding to at least a portion of the location data associated with the physical location of the transmitting device. In some examples, the resource manager <NUM> may transmit the signal using the identified time-frequency resource to indicate the physical location of the transmitting device. In some examples, the resource manager <NUM> may receive a signal from a transmitting device over a time-frequency resource within a slot.

The sequence manager <NUM> may generate a sequence based on the portion of the location data, or the slot, or the time-frequency resource, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the sequence manager <NUM> may encode a signal using the sequence. In some examples, the sequence manager <NUM> may attempt to decode the signal using a set of available sequences, each sequence in the set of available sequences associated with the time-frequency resource and the slot. In some examples, the sequence manager <NUM> may identify a sequence from the set of available sequences based on successfully decoding the signal (e.g., correlating the signal) using the sequence.

The location area manager <NUM> may determine that the physical location of the transmitting device lies within a location area of a set of available location areas, where the sequence is based on the location area. In some examples, the location area manager <NUM> may determine that the physical location of the transmitting device lies within a location area of a set of available location areas, where the sequence is based on the location area. In some cases, each location area within the set of available location areas includes a grid of geographic areas, each geographic area corresponding to a time-frequency resource.

The coordinates manager <NUM> may retrieve information identifying the coordinates from a GPS of the transmitting device. In some examples, the coordinates manager <NUM> may identify, based on the sequence, at least a portion of coordinates associated with the physical location of the transmitting device. In some examples, identifying LSBs of the coordinates based on the time-frequency resource, where the portion of the coordinates includes the LSBs of the coordinates.

<FIG> shows a diagram of a system <NUM> including a device <NUM> that supports collision avoidance and implicit location encoding in V2P networks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device <NUM> may be an example of or include the components of device <NUM>, device <NUM>, a UE <NUM>, a transmitting device, a receiving device, etc., as described herein. The device <NUM> may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communications manager <NUM>, an I/O controller <NUM>, a transceiver <NUM>, an antenna <NUM>, memory <NUM>, and a processor <NUM>. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus <NUM>).

When device <NUM> is configured as a receiving device, the communications manager <NUM> may also receive a signal from a transmitting device over a time-frequency resource within a slot, attempt to decode the signal using a set of available sequences, each sequence in the set of available sequences associated with the time-frequency resource and the slot, identify a sequence from the set of available sequences based on successfully decoding the signal (e.g., correlating the signal) using the sequence, and determine a physical location of the transmitting device based on the time-frequency resource, or the slot, or the sequence, or a combination thereof.

The memory <NUM> may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM).

The processor <NUM> may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor <NUM> may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor <NUM>. The processor <NUM> may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory <NUM>) to cause the device <NUM> to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting collision avoidance and implicit location encoding in V2P networks).

<FIG> shows a flowchart illustrating a method <NUM> that supports collision avoidance and implicit location encoding in V2P networks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method <NUM> may be implemented by a UE <NUM> (e.g., a UE <NUM> configured as a transmitting device) or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method <NUM> may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to <FIG>. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At <NUM>, the UE may identify location data associated with a physical location of the transmitting device. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by a location data manager as described with reference to <FIG>.

At <NUM>, the UE may identify a time-frequency resource within a slot, the time-frequency resource corresponding to at least a portion of the location data associated with the physical location of the transmitting device the operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by a resource manager as described with reference to <FIG>.

At <NUM>, the UE may generate a sequence based on the portion of the location data, or the slot, or the time-frequency resource, or a combination thereof. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by a sequence manager as described with reference to <FIG>.

At <NUM>, the UE may encode a signal using the sequence. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by a sequence manager as described with reference to <FIG>.

At <NUM>, the UE may transmit the signal using the identified time-frequency resource to indicate the physical location of the transmitting device. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by a resource manager as described with reference to <FIG>.

At <NUM>, the UE may determine that the physical location of the transmitting device lies within a location area of a set of available location areas, where the sequence is based on the location area. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by a location area manager as described with reference to <FIG>.

At <NUM>, the UE may retrieve information identifying the coordinates from a GPS of the transmitting device. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by a coordinates manager as described with reference to <FIG>.

<FIG> shows a flowchart illustrating a method <NUM> that supports collision avoidance and implicit location encoding in V2P networks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method <NUM> may be implemented by a UE <NUM> (e.g., a UE <NUM> configured as a receiving device) or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method <NUM> may be performed by a communications manager as described with reference to <FIG>. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At <NUM>, the UE may receive a signal from a transmitting device over a time-frequency resource within a slot. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by a resource manager as described with reference to <FIG>.

At <NUM>, the UE may attempt to decode the signal using a set of available sequences, each sequence in the set of available sequences associated with the time-frequency resource and the slot. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by a sequence manager as described with reference to <FIG>.

At <NUM>, the UE may identify a sequence from the set of available sequences based on successfully decoding the signal (e.g., correlating the signal) using the sequence. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by a sequence manager as described with reference to <FIG>.

At <NUM>, the UE may determine a physical location of the transmitting device based on the time-frequency resource, or the slot, or the sequence, or a combination thereof. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by a location data manager as described with reference to <FIG>.

At <NUM>, the UE may identify, based on the sequence, at least a portion of coordinates associated with the physical location of the transmitting device. The operations of <NUM> may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of <NUM> may be performed by a coordinates manager as described with reference to <FIG>.

Aspects of the following examples may be combined with any of the previous embodiments or aspects described herein. Thus, example <NUM> is a method for wireless communication at a transmitting device, comprising: identifying location data associated with a physical location of the transmitting device; identifying a time-frequency resource within a slot, the time-frequency resource corresponding to at least a portion of the location data associated with the physical location of the transmitting device; generating a sequence based at least in part on the portion of the location data, or the slot, or the time-frequency resource, or a combination thereof; encoding a signal using the sequence; and transmitting the signal using the identified time-frequency resource to indicate the physical location of the transmitting device.

In example <NUM>, the method of example <NUM> may include: determining that the physical location of the transmitting device lies within a location area of a set of available location areas, wherein the sequence is based at least in part on the location area.

In example <NUM>, the method of examples <NUM>-<NUM> may include each location area within the set of available location areas comprising a grid of geographic areas, each geographic area corresponding to a time-frequency resource.

In example <NUM>, the method of examples <NUM>-<NUM> may include the location data comprises coordinates, comprising: retrieving information identifying the coordinates from a GPS of the transmitting device.

In example <NUM>, the method of examples <NUM>-<NUM> may include the location data comprising coordinates, comprising: identifying the LSBs of the coordinates, wherein the portion of the location data comprises the LSBs.

Example <NUM> is a method for wireless communication at a receiving device, comprising: receiving a signal from a transmitting device over a time-frequency resource within a slot; attempting to decode the signal using a set of available sequences, each sequence in the set of available sequences associated with the time-frequency resource and the slot; identifying a sequence from the set of available sequences based at least in part on successfully decoding the signal using the sequence; and determining a physical location of the transmitting device based at least in part on the time-frequency resource, or the slot, or the sequence, or a combination thereof.

In example <NUM>, the method of examples <NUM>-<NUM> may include determining the physical location of the transmitting device comprising: identifying, based at least in part on the sequence, at least a portion of coordinates associated with the physical location of the transmitting device.

In example <NUM>, the method of examples <NUM>-<NUM> may include: identifying LSBs of the coordinates based at least in part on the time-frequency resource, wherein the portion of the coordinates comprises the LSBs of the coordinates.

By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.

As used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of') indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).

Claim 1:
A method for wireless communication at a transmitting device (<NUM>), comprising waking up periodically to:
identify (<NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>) location coordinates associated with a physical location of the transmitting device (<NUM>) from a global positioning system of the transmitting device;
identify (<NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>) a time-frequency resource within a slot, the time-frequency resource corresponding to at least a portion of the location coordinates associated with the physical location of the transmitting device (<NUM>);
generate (<NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>) a sequence based at least in part on the slot, and the time-frequency resource;
encode (<NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>) a signal using the sequence; and
transmit (<NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>; <NUM>) the signal using the identified time-frequency resource, wherein the identified time-frequency resource indicates the physical location of the transmitting device (<NUM>).