Patent Description:
This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art, which may be related to various aspects of the present disclosure that are described and/or claimed below.

<FIG> illustrates an exemplary conventional wireless local area network (WLAN) <NUM> with a plurality of wireless Access Points (APs) <NUM>, <NUM> and a mobile station <NUM>. The WLAN can for example be a Wi-Fi network compatible with IEEE <NUM>, a Bluetooth® network or a cellular network. The mobile station <NUM> can for example be a personal computer, a mobile phone (smartphone) or a tablet.

In such a network, each AP advantageously operates using a channel, i.e. frequencies, distinct from the channel of other network APs in order to avoid interference, the mobile station <NUM> generally being wirelessly connected to a single AP, such as for example AP2 <NUM>. As is well known, there may be situations in which it could be preferable to hand over the mobile station to another AP, in this example AP1. Reasons for handing over the mobile station include: load balancing between APs, signal strength problems owing to for instance movement of the mobile station.

Within the network <NUM>, handover (also called 'roaming') can be managed by a WLAN controller <NUM>, which as illustrated may be a standalone device, but which also may be implemented on one of the APs <NUM>, <NUM>. The WLAN controller <NUM> and the APs are generally connected in a wired or wireless network <NUM> illustrated by solid line in <FIG>.

In order to manage handover, the WLAN controller <NUM> needs to know to which APs, a specific mobile station can be handed over. In the exemplary system in <FIG>, where there is a single alternative AP, the WLAN controller <NUM> needs to know if the mobile station can be handed over to the 'other' AP.

One of the parameters used by handover algorithms is whether a station is active, i.e. if the frames communicated with the station are data frames (e.g. used in streaming), as opposed to passive, i.e. if the frames are management frames used to establish and maintain connections.

A typical WLAN driver, typically implemented in an AP, collects statistics about radios (i.e. the physical radio frequency interfaces of the APs) and stations and reports them to the WLAN controller. The extent and granularity of the statistics are never perfect, leaving the WLAN controller with gaps to fill. For example, one of the basic bits of information that is commonly reported by the WLAN driver is the transmission (TX) and reception (RX) PHY (Physical layer) rates. PHY rate information is usually maintained per station, as well as per direction (TX/RX). However, typically only a single representative value is maintained over a sample period, that for example can be <NUM> second. For each direction, the WLAN driver thus has to summarize a potentially large number of transmitted or received frames into a single PHY rate value. One way of doing this is by taking an average over all the frames. A more common solution is to use the values of the last frame as the representative value for the entire sample period.

As is well known, the last frame may either be a data frame or a management frame, but the indication of the type of frame the last frame was, is typically not provided by the WLAN driver.

The PHY rate of management frames comparatively is very low; for example for <NUM>. 11N it can be <NUM> mbps for management frames and <NUM> mbps for data frames, while the numbers can be <NUM> mbps and <NUM> mbps for <NUM>. Considering this, distinguishing between data frames (i.e. from an active station) and management frames can be done by filtering samples with PHY rate below a certain threshold. A disadvantage of this method is that it at least in certain cases can provide false conclusion.

Document <CIT> discloses a WLAN driver enabled to parse exchanged frames in the network and obtain their characteristics. These include inter alia a frame type (management, or data). It will therefore be appreciated that it is desired to have a solution that overcomes at least part of the conventional problems determining whether a frame is a management frame or a data frame and hence if the station is passive or active. The present principles provide such a solution.

In the following, the invention is best understood in view of <FIG>. The remaining embodiments, aspects, or examples are included in order to help the reader better understand the invention. In a first aspect, the present principles are directed to a method in a device in a wireless network. The device obtains a bandwidth and a signal strength for a communication from a station, and determines that the communication is a communication related to network maintenance in case the bandwidth is below a first value and an expected bandwidth based on the signal strength is above a second value, and that the communication is a data communication in case the bandwidth is below the first value and the expected bandwidth based on the signal strength is below the second value.

Various embodiments of the first aspect include:.

In a second aspect, the present principles are directed to a device comprising at least one hardware processor configured to obtain a bandwidth and a signal strength for a communication from a station in a wireless network, and determine that the communication is a communication related to network maintenance in case the bandwidth is below a first value and an expected bandwidth based on the signal strength is above a second value, and that the communication is a data communication in case the bandwidth is below the first value and the expected bandwidth based on the signal strength is below the second value.

Various embodiments of the second aspect include:.

In a third aspect, the present principles are directed to a computer program comprising program code instructions executable by a processor for implementing the steps of a method according to any embodiment of the first aspect.

In a fourth aspect, the present principles are directed to a computer program product which is stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium and comprises program code instructions executable by a processor for implementing the steps of a method according to any embodiment of the first aspect.

Preferred features of the present principles will now be described, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:.

<FIG> illustrates an exemplary system <NUM> according to an embodiment of the present principles. The system <NUM> includes a mobile station (STA) <NUM>, a first access point (AP1) <NUM> and a second access point (AP2) <NUM> such as a gateway. The two access points <NUM>, <NUM> are configured for wireless communication with mobile stations, e.g. using Wi-Fi according to IEEE <NUM>. The system <NUM> further includes a status detector device <NUM>, configured to determine whether a frame is a management frame or a data frame and hence whether a station is inactive or active, and a wireless LAN (WLAN) controller <NUM>. The APs, the status detector device <NUM> and the WLAN controller <NUM> are connected by a connection <NUM>, which preferably is wired but also can be wireless.

The mobile station <NUM> can be any kind of conventional device - mobile phone, tablet, sensor, etc. - compatible with the wireless communications standard used by the APs.

Each AP <NUM>, <NUM> includes at least one hardware processing unit ("processor") <NUM>, <NUM>, memory <NUM>, <NUM> and at least one wireless communications interface <NUM>, <NUM>, in the example a Wi-Fi interface, configured to communicate with other mobile stations, and a backbone interface <NUM>, <NUM> configured for communication with the other devices connected to the connection <NUM>. Any suitable communication standard, such as Wi-Fi (IEEE <NUM>), Ethernet (IEEE <NUM>), and PLC (power-line communication), could be used for the communication over the connection <NUM>.

The APs <NUM>, <NUM> are configured to operate on different channels, i.e. different frequencies, so as to avoid interference. The channel allocation, which preferably is dynamic, can be performed in any suitable conventional way.

The status detector device <NUM> and the WLAN controller <NUM> each include at least one hardware processing unit ("processor") <NUM>, <NUM>, memory <NUM>, <NUM> and a backbone interface <NUM>, <NUM> configured for communication with the other devices connected to the connection <NUM>. In particular, the backbone interface <NUM> of the status detector device <NUM> is configured to receive measurements of transmission rate (PHY rate or other measure of bandwidth) and signal strength (RSSI) from the APs, as will be further described hereinafter. The status detector device <NUM> and the WLAN controller <NUM> can be stand-alone devices or be implemented on another device in the system <NUM>, such as on an AP, or in an external network, or in the Cloud.

The system could also include a gateway device (not shown) configured to connect the system <NUM> to an external network such as the Internet. The gateway device can be a stand-alone device, but it can also be implemented on one of the devices connected to the connection <NUM>, for example an AP.

The memories <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, which can be implemented as a plurality of memory circuits possibly of different types, are configured to store software instructions for execution by the respective processors <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, and also for various data necessary for performing the respective functions described herein.

The skilled person will appreciate that the illustrated devices are very simplified for reasons of clarity and that real devices in addition would include features such as internal connections and power supplies. Non-transitory storage media <NUM> stores instructions that, when executed by processor <NUM>, perform the functions of the status detector device <NUM> as further described hereinafter with reference to <FIG>.

A salient point of the present principles is the use of signal strength information, typically Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) information in addition to the PHY rate to classify (<NUM>) frames.

Thus, instead of directly classifying a frame with a low PHY rate (i.e. below a given transmission rate threshold value) as a management frame, the status detector device <NUM> checks the corresponding RSSI value. In case this RSSI sample is low (i.e. below a signal strength threshold), then it is likely that the station was simply relatively far from the AP, which means that the frame can be classified as a data frame (sent at a low transmission rate, since the low signal strength did not permit a (significantly) higher transmission rate). On the other hand, in case the RSSI sample is high (i.e. above the signal strength threshold), then it is likely that the station was relatively close to the AP and that the frame was sent with a deliberately low transmission rate - as management frames are - and that the frame thus can be classified as a management frame.

The transmission rate threshold can be set as a fixed value, as in the conventional solution, for example to a maximum management frame transmission rate. The signal strength threshold can be set as a fixed value or, advantageously, as a value dependent on the transmission rate.

Alternatively, the received signal strength can be converted into an expected transmission rate, i.e. a transmission rate that the station could use to transmit data rates (rather than management frames that on purpose are sent using a low transmission rate), and compared with the measured PHY. If the expected transmission rate is at least a certain amount - this amount can be a fixed value dependent on system characteristics - then the frame can be classified as a management frame. For example, the following table [downloaded from http://community. arubanetworks. com/t5/Controller-Based-WLANs/What-is-the-relationship-between-data-rate-SNR-and-RSSI/tap/<NUM>] applies to a specific 1x1 configuration in a <NUM>. 11n network:.

Similar tables can be obtained for other configurations, as is known in the art.

It should be noted that the PHY rate can further depend on factors unrelated to the RSSI, such as, as claimed, interference. In a variant, the interference is measured using any conventional method and the expected transmission rate is adjusted depending on the level of interference.

The present system can thus use a mechanism that contains both a hard coded - measured - mapping between RSSI and PHY rates for different configurations, and a dynamic mechanism that adjusts the function in case of for example interference.

<FIG> illustrates a flow chart for a method <NUM> of frame classification at a status detector device <NUM> according to an embodiment of the present principles.

In step S310, the processor <NUM> of the status detector device <NUM> obtains the samples of PHY rate and RSSI from the APs <NUM>, <NUM>, which measured the received PHY rate and RSSI for their communications with the mobile stations <NUM> and provide this to the status detector device <NUM>.

For each frame, the processor then performs the following steps, which may be performed in parallel or in series.

In step S320, the processor <NUM> filters the sample to keep the one with a PHY rate that is below a maximum management frame PHY rate, for example, <NUM> Mbps in <NUM>. 11n in the <NUM> band. In case the PHY rate is above the maximum management frame PHY rate, then the frame is a data frame and the station is determined, in step S350, to be active.

In step S330, the processor <NUM> uses a function to calculate the expected PHY rate for the corresponding RSSI. As mentioned hereinbefore, further factors, like interference, may be taken into account as well.

In step S340, the processor <NUM> determines if the measured PHY rate is lower than the expected PHY rate minus a margin, preferably given in mbps or percent.

It will be appreciated that it is also possible to deduct the margin, which for example can be <NUM> dbm, from the RSSI value before it is input to the function to obtain the expected PHY rate. In this case, the measured PHY rate is compared directly with the expected PHY rate.

Based on the determination in step S340, the processor <NUM> determines whether the frame is a management frame or a data frame. In case the measured PHY rate is lower (than the expected PHY rate minus the margin or the expected PHY rate (including the margin), depending on the implementation), the frame is determined, in step S360, to be a management frame; otherwise the frame is determined, in step S350, to be a data frame.

In case it was determined in step S350 that the frame was a data frame, it can be determined, in optional step S370, that the station is active. Conversely, in case it was determined in step S360 that the frame was a management frame, it can be determined, in step S380, that the station is inactive.

In order to obtain a higher confidence level of the determination, for example 'active' or 'passive', more than a single sample can be used for the determination. In this case, the processor <NUM> is configured to determine the nature of a plurality of frames - management frame or data frame - during a given time period (such as a sliding window) and determine that the station is active if at least a given number or a given ratio are data frames.

As will be appreciated, the present principles can determine, without inspection of the content of a frame, whether the frame is a management frame or a data frame and hence if a station is inactive or active.

It should be understood that the elements shown in the figures may be implemented in various forms of hardware, software or combinations thereof. Preferably, these elements are implemented in a combination of hardware and software on one or more appropriately programmed general-purpose devices, which may include a processor, memory and input/output interfaces.

It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various arrangements that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the disclosure and are included within its scope.

Thus, for example, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the block diagrams presented herein represent conceptual views of illustrative circuitry embodying the principles of the disclosure. Similarly, it will be appreciated that any flow charts, flow diagrams, state transition diagrams, pseudocode, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer readable media and so executed by a computer or processor, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown.

The functions of the various elements shown in the figures may be provided through the use of dedicated hardware as well as hardware capable of executing software in association with appropriate software. Moreover, explicit use of the term "processor" or "controller" should not be construed to refer exclusively to hardware capable of executing software, and may implicitly include, without limitation, digital signal processor (DSP) hardware, read only memory (ROM) for storing software, random access memory (RAM), and non-volatile storage.

Claim 1:
A method implemented by a device in a wireless network, the method comprising:
obtaining (S310) a transmission rate for a communication, wherein the communication is from a station, and wherein the communication contains a plurality of <NUM> frames;
obtaining an interference level for the communication;
calculating (S330) an expected transmission rate based on the interference level;
determining by at least one hardware processor of the device that the communication is a maintenance related communication for the wireless network on a condition that the transmission rate is below a first value and the expected transmission rate is above a second value; and
determining (S340) by the at least one hardware processor of the device that the communication is a data communication on a condition that the transmission rate is below the first value and the expected transmission rate is below the second value.