Patent Description:
A typical fueling environment includes one or more fuel dispensers which can be used by a customer to dispense fuel into a vehicle, a portable fuel tank, or other equipment. Fuel dispensers are often located outside where they are exposed to weather, which can include exposure to low temperatures. The low temperatures can in some instances be below the freezing temperature of fluid being dispensed therefrom, which can cause the fluid to freeze. The fluid therefore cannot be dispensed in response to user demand and/or the fuel dispenser can be damaged by the frozen fluid. Even if the low temperatures are not sufficiently low so as to cause the fluid to entirely freeze, the temperatures can be low enough to cause the fluid to begin a transition to being frozen, which can cause the fluid dispenser to become clogged with ice crystals, slush, etc..

<CIT> relates to the technical field of fluid heater devices, and more particularly to an electric cable structure of a composite construction adapted for use as an electric immersion heater for use in electroplating, metal preparation and finishing applications and the like. More particularly, the document relates to a flexible cable structure of small diameter which can be quickly and easily produced by continuous fabricating techniques into indefinite lengths, and which may be thereafter severed into predetermined lengths for various immersion heater applications.

<CIT> relates to a combination of a heating assembly, a fuel dispenser hose and a nozzle.

Heated cabinets for fuel dispensers have been developed to help prevent fluid from freezing outdoors. However, the heated cabinets can be aesthetically unpleasing, can be cumbersome by being large and/or unwieldy, and/or can provide inefficient heating. Another approach that has been developed to help prevent fluid from freezing outdoors has been to contain a hose and/or nozzle of the fuel dispenser within a shroud. However, the shroud can be aesthetically unpleasing, can be cumbersome by getting in the way of a user's handling of the fuel dispenser, and/or can provide inefficient heating.

Accordingly, there remains a need for devices and methods for heating fluid dispensers, hoses, and nozzles.

Devices and methods for heating fluid dispensers, hoses, and nozzles are generally disclosed herein. A combination of a heating assembly, a fuel dispenser hose and a nozzle according to the invention is defined in the appended claims.

A heating assembly for use with a fuel dispenser hose and nozzle is provided that includes a conductive outer extension tube, an flexible outer tube, a conductive inner extension tube, and a heating element. The conductive outer extension tube includes a first end with a well formed therein. The well extends at least partially through the conductive outer extension. The flexible outer tube has a longitudinal passageway extending therethrough. A first end of the flexible outer tube is coupled to the first end of the conductive outer extension tube. The conductive inner extension tube extends through the conductive outer extension tube and has a first end mated to the first end of the conductive outer extension tube. The heating element extends longitudinally through the longitudinal passageway of the flexible outer tube and extends at least partially through the longitudinal passageway in the conductive inner extension tube. The heating element is configured to heat fluid surrounding the conductive outer extension tube.

In another aspect not defined in the claims, a fluid dispensing device is provided that in one embodiment includes a hose, a heating element, and a nozzle. The hose can have first and second passageways extending longitudinally therein. The first passageway can be configured to pass fluid therethrough. The second passageway can be independent from the first passageway. The heating element can extend longitudinally within the second passageway. The heating element can be configured to heat fluid within the first passageway. The nozzle can be attached to a distal end of the hose. The first passageway can extend therein such that fluid is allowed to exit a distal opening of the first passageway to be dispensed from the nozzle.

In another aspect not defined in the claims, a fuel dispensing device is provided that in one embodiment includes a housing, a hose, a nozzle, a tube, and a heating element. The housing can have fuel dispensing components therein. The hose can be coupled to the housing and can be in fluid communication with the fuel dispensing components such that fluid can be passed from the fuel dispensing components through an inner lumen of the hose. The nozzle can be attached to a distal end of the hose and can be configured to receive fluid from the hose and to dispense fluid therefrom. The tube can extend longitudinally within the hose and can have an inner lumen extending therethrough. The inner lumen of the tube can be isolated from the inner lumen of the hose. The heating element can extend longitudinally within the inner lumen of the tube. The heating element can be configured to heat fluid passing through the hose.

A fuel dispensing device not defined in the claims is provided that includes a hose, a heat element, and a nozzle. The hose can have first and second passageways extending longitudinally therethrough. The first passageway can be configured to pass fluid therethrough, the second passageway can be adjacent to and independent from the first passageway, and the second passageway can be configured to pass air therethrough. The heat element can be in communication with the second passageway and can be configured to heat the air passing through the second passageway, thereby heating the fluid within the first passageway that is adjacent the second passageway. The nozzle can be attached to a distal end of the hose. The first passageway can extend therethrough such that the fluid is allowed to exit a distal opening of the first passageway to be dispensed from the nozzle, the second passageway can have a distal opening that is proximal to the distal opening of the first passageway, and the distal opening of the second passageway can allow the air to pass therethrough.

A fuel dispensing device not defined in the claims can include a hose, a nozzle, and a manifold. The hose can have first and second passageways extending therethrough. The first passageway can be configured to pass fluid therethrough, and the second passageway can be configured to pass heated air therethrough. The nozzle can be attached to the hose, can have the first and second passageways extending therethrough, can be configured to dispense the fluid from the first passageway, and can be configured to release the heated air. The manifold can have a first opening configured to communicate with the first and second passageways, can have a second opening in fluid communication with the first opening and configured to communicate with a fluid supply that supplies the fluid to the first passageway, and can have a third opening in fluid communication with the first opening and configured to communicate with an air supply that supplies the air to the second passageway. The manifold can be configured to prevent the fluid passing through the first and second openings from mixing with the air passing through the first and third openings.

A fuel dispensing device not defined in the claims includes a hose configured to pass fluid therethrough, a nozzle attached to a distal end of the hose, a housing, a heat element, a sensor, and a controller. The nozzle can be configured to receive the fluid from the hose, can be configured to dispense the fluid from a distal end thereof, and can be configured to pass air therethrough such that air is allowed to pass through an opening of the nozzle. The fluid and the air can be prevented from mixing together within the nozzle. The housing can have a cavity configured to releasably seat the nozzle therein. The heat element can be configured to heat the air passing through the nozzle. The sensor can be configured to sense a temperature. The controller can be configured to allow the heat element to provide heat therefrom when the sensed temperature is above a predetermined threshold temperature, and the controller can be configured to prevent the heat element from providing heat when the sensed temperature is below the predetermined threshold temperature.

A fuel dispensing device not defined in the claims includes a hose, a nozzle, a heat element, a sensor, and a controller. The hose can have a first passageway extending longitudinally therethrough. The first passageway can be configured to pass fluid therethrough. The nozzle can be attached to a distal end of the hose. The first passageway can extend therethrough such that the fluid is allowed to be dispensed from the nozzle. The nozzle can include a second passageway extending therethrough and being configured to pass air therethrough such that air is allowed to pass through an opening of the nozzle. The second passageway can be adjacent to and independent from the first passageway. The heat element can be configured to heat the air passing through the second passageway. The sensor can be configured to sense a temperature adjacent the opening of the nozzle. The controller can be configured to allow the heat element to provide heat therefrom when the sensed temperature is above a predetermined threshold temperature, and the controller can be configured to prevent the heat element from providing heat when the sensed temperature is below the predetermined threshold temperature.

A fuel dispensing device not defined in the claims includes a housing configured to be coupled to a fuel supply, a nozzle boot coupled to the housing, a heating element disposed at least partially within the housing and configured to heat air, and a tubular member having an inner lumen extending therethrough. The nozzle boot can be configured to removably and replaceably seat a fuel-dispensing nozzle therein. An air exit opening of the inner lumen can be located adjacent to the nozzle boot. The fuel dispensing device also includes a flow mechanism configured to urge the air heated by the heating element to flow through the inner lumen of the tubular member so as to direct the air heated by the heating element out of the air exit opening and into the nozzle boot.

A fuel dispensing device not defined in the claims includes a housing, a nozzle boot positioned on the housing and configured to releasably and replaceably seat a fuel-dispensing nozzle, a heating element disposed at least partially within the housing, and a first conduit extending through the housing to the nozzle boot. The first conduit can be configured to pass air heated by the heating element from the housing through an inner lumen of the first conduit and into the nozzle boot. The fuel dispensing device also includes a flow mechanism configured to urge the air heated by the heating element to flow through the inner lumen.

A fuel dispensing method not defined in the claims is provided that in one embodiment includes allowing passage of fluid through a first passageway of a fuel dispensing system and out of the fuel dispensing system through a nozzle of the fuel dispensing system, and forcing heated air through a second passageway of the fuel dispensing system. The second passageway can be disposed within the first passageway, a sidewall defining the second passageway can prevent the heated air within the second passageway from mixing with the fluid within the first passageway, the heated air can heat the fluid within the first passageway, and the heated air can pass through the fuel dispensing system through the nozzle.

A fuel dispensing system not defined in the claims can include allowing passage of fluid through a first passageway of a fuel dispensing system and out of the fluid dispensing system through a nozzle of the fuel dispensing system, and forcing heated air through a second passageway of the fuel dispensing system. The second passageway can be adjacent to the first passageway such that the heated air within the second passageway heats the fluid within the first passageway. The first passageway can be separate from the second passageway so as to prevent the heated air within the second passageway from mixing with the fluid within the first passageway. The method can also include allowing the heated air to exit the second passageway into a cavity of the fuel dispensing system, sensing a temperature, and heating the air when the sensed temperature is above a predetermined threshold temperature and not heating the air when the temperature is below the predetermined threshold temperature.

A fuel dispensing device not defined in the claims is provided that in one embodiment includes a hose configured to pass fluid therethrough, a nozzle attached to a distal end of the hose, a nozzle boot configured to removably and replaceably seat the nozzle, and a heating element configured to heat air directed into the nozzle boot so as to allow the heated air to heat the nozzle when the nozzle is seated in the nozzle boot. The hose can have first and second coaxial passageways extending therethrough. The first and second coaxial passageways can be configured to facilitate heating of the fluid flowing through the hose. The nozzle can be configured to dispense the fluid therefrom.

A fuel dispensing unit not defined in the claims is provided that in one embodiment includes a fluid hose configured to pass fluid therethrough, a nozzle connected to a distal end of the fluid hose and configured to dispense fluid from the fluid dispensing unit to a vehicle, a heating element, a fan in communication with the heating element and driven by a motor, and a first conduit configured to pass air heated by the heating element therethrough by means of the fan. The first conduit has a distal opening which is proximal to the nozzle in order to direct the heated air thereto.

Certain exemplary embodiments will now be described to provide an overall understanding of the principles of the structure, function, manufacture, and use of the devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein. One or more examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will understand that the devices, systems, and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting exemplary embodiments and that the scope of the present invention is defined solely by the claims. In the present disclosure, like-named components of the embodiments generally have similar features, and thus within a particular embodiment each feature of each like-named component is not necessarily fully elaborated upon. The features illustrated or described in connection with one exemplary embodiment may be combined with the features of other embodiments.

Various exemplary devices and methods for heating fluid dispensers, hoses, and nozzles are provided. The devices and methods disclosed herein produce a number of advantages and/or technical effects.

In general, the devices and methods for heating fluid dispensers, hoses, and nozzles can be configured to heat fluid dispensable by a user into a fuel tank or other type of container, thereby helping to prevent the fluid from freezing if the fluid is in an environment having a temperature below the fluid's freezing point. In some embodiments, a fluid dispensing device can include a first passageway configured to pass fluid therethrough and can include a second passageway fluidically isolated from the first passageway and having a heating element disposed therein. The heating element can be configured to heat the fluid passing through the first passageway. The first and second passageways can extend through at least a distal portion of a hose of the fluid dispensing device and through at least a proximal portion of a nozzle of the fluid dispensing device that has a proximal end attached to a distal end of the hose. The heating element can thus be configured to heat fluid in the first passageway in the hose and in the nozzle, which can help prevent the fluid from freezing within either of the hose or the nozzle. The fluid can be configured to be heated from within the hose and the nozzle, which can allow the fluid to be heated without any external heating components being visible to the user dispensing the fluid, thereby allowing for a more visually appealing fuel dispenser and/or allowing the fluid to be heated without heating-related components being physically in the user's way when the user is dispensing the fluid so as to make using the dispenser cumbersome and/or require user movement of a shroud before dispensing fluid. Because the heat source that heats the fluid can be very close to the fluid, as opposed to various traditional heating techniques such as heated cabinets, lower wattage can be used to heat the fluid, thereby reducing adverse effects of thermodynamic loss, improving efficiency, saving energy, and/or reducing monetary cost.

In some embodiments, a fuel dispensing device can include a first passageway configured to pass fluid therethrough and can include a second passageway configured to pass heated air therethrough. The heated air passing through the second passageway can be configured to heat the fluid passing through the first passageway. The first and second passageways can be independent from one another such that the air does not mix with the fluid and, hence, does not dilute or otherwise affect the integrity of the fluid. The first and second passageways can be coaxial with one another with the second passageway being disposed within the first passageway, e.g., a tube passing the heated air being disposed within a tube passing the fluid. The first and second passageways can extend through a hose and a nozzle of the fuel dispenser, which can help prevent the fluid from freezing within either of the hose or the nozzle. Similar to that discussed above, the fluid can be configured to be heated from within the hose and the nozzle, and the heat source that heats the fluid can be very close to the fluid. The air can enter the hose in an unheated state or in a heated state. If the air enters the hose in an unheated state, the fuel dispenser can be configured to heat the air after the air enters the hose, such as with a heating element disposed at least partially within the hose.

In some embodiments, a fuel dispensing device can include a single hose configured to pass fluid and heated air through separate passageways therein, and the device can include a manifold configured to facilitate passage of the fluid and the heated air from separate sources into the single hose. The manifold can include first, second, and third coupling elements. The first coupling element can be configured to attach to a proximal end of the hose. A distal end of the hose can be configured to attach to a nozzle configured to dispense the fluid therefrom. The second coupling element can be in fluid communication with the first coupling element, and can be configured to couple to a fluid source (e.g., a reservoir, a tank, etc.) that supplies the fluid. The third coupling element can be in fluid communication with the first coupling element without being in fluid communication with the second coupling element, and can be configured to couple to an air supply (e.g., an air pump, an air compressor, etc.) that supplies the air. The manifold can thus be configured to allow the fluid and the air to simultaneously flow through the single hose while allowing the fluid to be heated without the air heating the fluid mixing with the fluid. The air supply can be configured to supply the air in an unheated state or in a heated state. If the air supply supplies the air in an unheated state, the fuel dispenser can be configured to heat the air after being supplied thereto, such as with a heating element.

In some embodiments, a fuel dispensing device can be configured to heat a nozzle of the fuel dispensing device when the nozzle is in an idle position, e.g., is seated in a nozzle boot of the fuel dispensing device. The nozzle is a component which is especially exposed to cold and which is hard to heat in an efficient manner since it is located on an outer portion of the fluid dispensing device. The methods and devices provided herein can help heat the exposed nozzle in an efficient manner. Fuel can thus be properly dispensed on demand from the nozzle even if the nozzle has been sitting idle in a cold temperature for any length of time since the nozzle can be heated while idle. The fuel dispensing device can be configured to heat the nozzle in an idle position using independent first and second passageways in a hose of the device and/or the nozzle of the device, such as the first and second coaxial passageways mentioned above. Alternatively or in addition, the fuel dispensing device can be configured to heat the nozzle in an idle position using a conduit disposed within a housing of the fuel dispensing device, e.g., within a cabinet of the fuel dispensing device that contains various components of the device therein, and having a heated fluid exit opening directed toward a nozzle boot of the fuel dispensing device configured to seat the nozzle therein. The fuel dispensing device can include a mechanism such as a fan or a pump configured to direct the heated fluid through the conduit toward the nozzle boot. This mechanism can also be configured to direct heated fluid through at least one additional conduit disposed within the housing of the fuel dispensing device and configured to heat the housing, e.g., heat an interior of the housing. The housing can thus be efficiently heated and can help prevent the freezing and/or crystallization of fuel dispensed by the fuel dispensing device. The at least one additional conduit can have a heated fluid exit opening directed toward a bottom of the housing's interior, thereby allowing the heated fluid exiting from the opening to rise upwards within the housing's interior to facilitate heating of the entire interior. In some embodiments, the fuel dispensing device can be configured to heat the housing without directing heated fluid through a conduit toward the nozzle boot. This can help reduce manufacturing costs of the fuel dispensing device and/or can help reduce a number of components disposed within a top portion of the housing (e.g., within an electronics component of the housing) so as to facilitate repair and/or replacement of the top portion of the housing and/or components contained in the top portion of the housing.

The fuel dispensing devices described herein can be configured to dispense any kind of fluid, as will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art. In some embodiments, the fluid can include a fuel of any type of ammonia/water blend usable in automobiles. In an exemplary embodiment, the fuel dispensing devices described herein can be configured to dispense diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), e.g., AdBlue®. In Europe AUS32 is generally sold under the trade mark of AdBlue®, and in North America the trade name for AUS32 is diesel exhaust fluid or DEF. Accordingly, the terms AUS32, AdBlue®, and DEF used herein refer to the same material. DEF has a freezing temperature of <NUM>°F (-<NUM>) and will begin to crystallize at <NUM>°F (-<NUM>), which can make heating of DEF using the devices and methods described herein desirable in geographic areas with colder climates that may have temperatures near or below <NUM>°F at any point during the year.

AUS32 can be helpful in reducing harmful NOx emissions. One technique used to reduce the amount of harmful NOx emissions is selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The basic idea of SCR is to convert NOx into harmless diatomic nitrogen (N<NUM>) and water (H<NUM>O). The reaction is enabled using a reductant which is added onto a catalyst. Several reductants may be used such as anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or urea. A standard is established for using a SCR reductant in diesel powered vehicles. The reductant used is an aqueous urea solution having a urea concentration of <NUM>,<NUM>%. In order to obtain the correct concentration the urea is mixed with demineralized water. When the diesel engine is running AUS32 can be added into the exhaust flow, before or in the catalytic converter, by an amount corresponding to <NUM>-<NUM>% of the diesel consumption. When AUS32 is added to the exhaust flow of a diesel engine, the engine can be operated more intensely without generating more NOx emissions. The devices and methods described herein can thus be desirable to use in fluid dispensing systems that involve the dispensing of diesel fuel.

<FIG> illustrates an embodiment of a fuel dispensing device configured to heat fluid <NUM> that can be dispensed therefrom. The device can include a hose <NUM> and a nozzle <NUM>. The fuel dispensing device can also include a movable element <NUM>, also referred to herein as a "swivel," disposed between the hose <NUM> and the nozzle <NUM> that can be configured to allow the nozzle <NUM> to be selectively oriented relative to the hose <NUM>. In general, the hose <NUM> and the nozzle <NUM> can each be configured to have the fluid <NUM> pass therethrough and to have a gas, e.g., air <NUM>, pass therethrough. The air <NUM> can be configured to heat the fluid <NUM> non-invasively such that the air <NUM> does not mix with the fluid <NUM> within the hose <NUM> or within the nozzle <NUM>. The nozzle <NUM> can be configured to release the fluid <NUM> and the air <NUM> therefrom. The nozzle <NUM> can be configured to selectively release the fluid <NUM> therefrom through a fluid exit opening <NUM>, e.g., in response to user manipulation of a dispensing trigger <NUM> of the nozzle <NUM>, as generally indicated by a fluid exit arrow <NUM>. The nozzle <NUM> can be configured to automatically pass the air <NUM> therethrough by releasing the fluid <NUM> therefrom through an air exit opening <NUM>, as generally indicated by air exit arrows <NUM>. The fuel dispensing device can thus dispense the fluid <NUM> on demand in accordance with a user's typical expectations of fluid dispensing, e.g., at a gas station, while also providing for heating of the fluid <NUM> so as to reduce chances of the fluid <NUM> freezing within the hose <NUM> and/or within the nozzle <NUM>.

The hose <NUM> can be configured as a coaxial hose and include a plurality of coaxial tubes. In this illustrated embodiment, the hose <NUM> includes an outer tube <NUM> and an inner tube <NUM> coaxial with and disposed within the outer tube <NUM>. For example, another embodiment of a hose (not shown) can include two tubes similar to the outer and inner tubes <NUM>, <NUM> and include at least one protective outer tubes therearound.

The outer tube <NUM> and the inner tube <NUM> can have a variety of sizes, shapes, and configurations. In an exemplary embodiment, the inner tube <NUM> can have an inside diameter, e.g., diameter of its interior lumen, that is about two-thirds of its outside diameter. For example, the inner tube <NUM> can have an outside diameter in a range of about <NUM> in. (<NUM>) to <NUM> in. (<NUM>) and an inside diameter of about <NUM> in.

The outer tube <NUM> can be configured as a protective member to help prevent the fluid <NUM> and/or the air <NUM> from escaping from the hose <NUM>. The outer tube <NUM> can be flexible, which can facilitate user manipulation of the hose <NUM>.

A gap of space <NUM> can be defined between an inner surface <NUM> of the outer tube <NUM> and an outer surface <NUM> of the inner tube <NUM>. The space <NUM>, also referred to herein as a "fluid cavity" and an "fluid passageway," can be configured to pass the fluid <NUM> therethrough. The fluid <NUM> can be configured to be selectively advanced through the space <NUM> in response to user actuation of the trigger <NUM>, as will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art.

The fluid cavity <NUM> can be configured to be in fluid communication with a fluid supply that stores a supply of fluid to be dispensed using the hose <NUM> and the nozzle <NUM>. The fluid supply can have a variety of configurations, as will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art. <FIG> illustrates an embodiment of a fluid supply <NUM> that can be in fluid communication with the fluid cavity <NUM>. The fluid supply <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment is in the form of a reservoir configured to be located underground. The fluid <NUM> can be configured to be advanced into the fluid passageway <NUM> from the fluid supply <NUM> through a fluid meter <NUM>. The fluid meter <NUM> can be configured to measure an amount of fluid <NUM> dispensed from the fluid supply <NUM>, as will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art, in order to, e.g., assess proper billing for dispensed fluid. The fluid <NUM> can also pass through a manifold <NUM> between the fluid supply <NUM> and the space <NUM>, as discussed further below. The fluid meter <NUM> can be coupled to a housing (not shown) of the fuel dispensing device and can be located entirely inside the housing, entirely outside the housing, or partially inside and partially outside the housing. Locating the fluid meter <NUM> at least partially outside the housing can facilitate repair and/or upgrade of broken or outdated parts without requiring opening of the housing at all and/or opening of the housing in an easier way than if the part being repaired and/or upgraded is entirely within the housing.

The inner tube <NUM>, also referred to herein as an "air tube" and an "air passageway," can be configured to pass the air <NUM> therethrough. The air <NUM> can be configured to flow through the air tube <NUM> without user intervention. In other words, the air <NUM> can be configured to automatically flow through the air tube <NUM>. The air <NUM> can thus be configured to automatically heat the fluid <NUM> in the space <NUM> surrounding the air tube <NUM>, as discussed further below. The inner tube <NUM> can be flexible, which can facilitate user manipulation of the hose <NUM>.

The air tube <NUM> can be configured to be in fluid communication with an air supply that provides air flow through the air tube <NUM>. The air supply can have a variety of configurations, as will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art. The air supply can be coupled to a housing (not shown) of the fuel dispensing device and can be located entirely inside the housing, entirely outside the housing, or partially inside and partially outside the housing. Locating the air supply at least partially outside the housing can facilitate repair and/or upgrade of broken or outdated parts without requiring opening of the housing at all and/or opening of the housing in an easier way than if the part being repaired and/or upgraded is entirely within the housing. <FIG> illustrates an embodiment of an air supply that can be in fluid communication with the air tube <NUM>. An intake opening <NUM> can be configured to allow air to pass therethrough in a direction toward a pump <NUM>. The intake opening <NUM> can include, for example, a check valve configured to allow passage therethrough in one direction, e.g., toward the hose <NUM>, while preventing passage therethrough in an opposite direction, e.g., away from the hose <NUM>, as shown by air intake directional arrows <NUM>. The intake opening <NUM> can be configured to allow ambient air to enter therein and/or a dedicated air source can be coupled to the intake valve <NUM> to provide air thereto.

The air supply can include a pump <NUM> positioned between the intake valve <NUM> and the air tube <NUM>. The pump <NUM> can be configured to force air that enters the intake opening <NUM> in a direction toward the hose <NUM>, as indicated by air flow directional arrows <NUM>. The pump <NUM> can thus be configured to direct air flow through the air tube <NUM>, e.g., supply air thereto. In addition to or instead of the pump <NUM>, the air supply can include an air compressor configured to provide compressed or pressurized air to the air tube <NUM>.

The pump <NUM> can be configured to run continuously so as to continuously force the air <NUM> through the air tube <NUM>. Continuously running the air <NUM> through the air tube <NUM> can help ensure that the fluid <NUM> within the hose <NUM> and/or the nozzle <NUM> does not freeze since heated air can continuously flow adjacent the fluid <NUM>. Alternatively, the pump <NUM> can be configured to run non-continuously, e.g., intermittently, such that the air <NUM> is only sometimes forced through the air tube <NUM>. Non-continuously running the air <NUM> through the air tube <NUM> can help reduce wear and tear on the pump <NUM> and/or can help prevent the air <NUM> from flowing through the air tube <NUM> when the fluid <NUM> is not at a temperature at which it may freeze or begin to freeze.

The pump <NUM> can be configured to not pump the air <NUM> based on a measured temperature. If the measured temperature is above a predetermined threshold temperature, then the pump <NUM> can be configured to not pump the air <NUM> since at such a measured temperature the fluid <NUM> can be presumed to not be in danger of freezing. If the measured temperature is below the predetermined threshold temperature, then the pump <NUM> can be configured to pump the air <NUM> since at such a measured temperature the fluid <NUM> can be presumed to be in danger of freezing. The predetermined threshold temperature can be based on a freezing point of the fluid <NUM>. In some embodiments, the predetermined threshold temperature can be the fluid's freezing temperature. In other embodiments, the predetermined threshold temperature can be slightly above the fluid's freezing temperature, e.g., <NUM>° above the fluid's freezing temperature, <NUM>° above the fluid's freezing temperature, etc..

In some embodiments, the measured temperature can be a sensed temperature of the fluid <NUM> in the hose <NUM> and/or in the nozzle <NUM>. The fluid's temperature in the hose <NUM> and/or in the nozzle <NUM> can be sensed using a temperature sensor, as will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art. Using the fluid's temperature as a trigger for the pump's pumping action can help accurately control air flow on an as-needed basis, but positioning a sensor to measure the fluid's temperature can increase a size of the hose <NUM> and/or the nozzle <NUM> and/or impede flow of the fluid <NUM> within the space <NUM>. Any number of sensors can be used to measure fluid temperature.

In some embodiments, the measured temperature can be an ambient temperature outside of the hose <NUM> and outside of the nozzle <NUM>, e.g., an ambient outdoor temperature. The ambient temperature can be sensed using a temperature sensor, as will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art. Any number of sensors can be used to measure ambient temperature. Using the ambient temperature as a trigger for the pump's pumping action may be less accurate than using the fluid's temperature as a trigger for the pump's pumping action since the fluid <NUM> can be warmer inside the hose <NUM> and/or the nozzle <NUM> than the ambient temperature, but the ambient temperature can nevertheless provide a reliable indication of when it would be prudent to heat the fluid <NUM> to help avoid freezing of the fluid <NUM>. In an exemplary embodiment, an ambient temperature of <NUM> can be used as the predetermined threshold temperature when the fluid includes DEF. In some embodiments, the ambient temperature can be measured using a sensor positioned at the fluid exit opening <NUM> of the nozzle <NUM> where the fluid <NUM> can be most closely exposed to weather such that using that measured temperature in controlling heating can help ensure that the fluid <NUM> does not freeze at the fluid exit opening <NUM> or elsewhere in the nozzle <NUM> or hose <NUM>. In some embodiments, the ambient temperature can be measured using a sensor attached to a housing (not shown) of the fuel dispensing device, either on an exterior surface thereof where the sensor is directly exposed to weather or within the housing where the sensor is not directly exposed to weather. In some embodiments, the ambient temperature can be measured using a sensor attached to a nozzle boot (not shown) that seats the nozzle <NUM> when not in use. In some embodiments, ambient temperature sensors can be located in multiple locations, and the lowest measured temperature from any of the sensors can be used to control heating, thereby helping to ensure that fluid <NUM> is adequately protected from freezing regardless of its location within the hose <NUM> or the nozzle <NUM>.

In some embodiments, both fluid temperature and ambient temperature can be used to control the pump <NUM> such that if at least one of a predetermined fluid temperature and a predetermined ambient temperature is exceeded, the pump <NUM> can begin pumping the air <NUM>.

The pump <NUM> can include an on-board controller <NUM>, e.g., a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), etc., configured to control the pump <NUM> based on the measured temperature. The controller <NUM> can be in communication with the sensor(s) configured to measure temperature and control the pump <NUM> based on measurements received from the sensor(s), e.g., turn the pump <NUM> on or off in accordance with the sensed temperatures. The pump <NUM> can include other electronic components configured to facilitate the controller's data processing, such as a memory, a printed circuit board, etc. In some embodiments, the controller can be located remotely from the pump <NUM> and can be in wired or wireless electronic communication therewith.

In some embodiments, the air <NUM> that enters the intake opening <NUM> can be heated. For example, the air entering the intake opening <NUM> can come from a supply of heated air.

Alternatively, the air <NUM> that enters the intake opening <NUM> can be unheated, e.g., be ambient air. This can provide more flexibility to the system than providing heated air. In some embodiments, the intake opening <NUM> can have a heating element disposed therein configured to heat the air <NUM> as the air <NUM> passes therethrough. The air <NUM> can, however, lose heat as it travels from the intake opening <NUM> to the hose <NUM> and then to the nozzle <NUM>. In some embodiments, as in this illustrated embodiment, as shown in <FIG>, the air passageway <NUM> can have a heating element <NUM> disposed therein. The heating element <NUM> can be configured to heat the air <NUM> as it passes thereby through the air tube <NUM>. The heating element <NUM> is closer to the hose <NUM> and the nozzle <NUM> than a heating element disposed at the intake opening <NUM>, which can more efficiently heat the air <NUM> and/or can more likely prevent freezing of the fluid <NUM> within the hose <NUM> and the nozzle <NUM>. In some embodiments, a heating element can be provided at the intake opening <NUM> and another heating element can be provided within the air tube <NUM>.

The heating element <NUM> can have a variety of sizes, shapes, and configurations. In some embodiments, the heating element <NUM> can include a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater configured to be self-regulating such that the colder the temperature (e.g., the colder the sensed ambient and/or fluid temperature), the more heat provided by the PTC heater. As in this illustrated embodiment, the heating element <NUM> can include a heat cable. Various heat cables can be used, as will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art, such as a Class I, Division <NUM> Underwriters Laboratories (UL) approved heater cable and such as a heat cable appropriate for usage in a hazardous area (e.g., a petrol station, etc.) and complying with European standard EN-<NUM>.

The heating element <NUM> can be disposed within the hose <NUM>, as shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, which can efficiently prevent the fluid <NUM> within the hose <NUM> from freezing with a relatively low amount of heating power, e.g., about <NUM> W per <NUM> centimeters (<NUM> W per foot). The heating element <NUM> can extend through substantially an entire longitudinal length of the hose <NUM>, as also shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, with a distal terminal end of the heating element <NUM> being located just proximal of the swivel <NUM> and hence located proximal of the nozzle <NUM>. The hose <NUM> can be relatively long, e.g., in a range of about <NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM> (<NUM> to <NUM> feet), so having the heating element <NUM> disposed within a substantial longitudinal length of the hose <NUM> can help reduce the effects of thermodynamic loss, e.g., as opposed to a heating element located at one end of the hose <NUM> or a heating element not disposed within the hose <NUM> at all, and can help ensure that heat is provided to the fluid <NUM> in the nozzle <NUM> since the heat need not travel far from the heating element <NUM> to reach the fluid <NUM> in the nozzle <NUM>.

The heating element <NUM> can, as shown in <FIG>, be coupled to a power supply and control <NUM> configured to provide power, e.g., via battery, via electric power outlet, etc., to the heating element <NUM> via a heating element control cable <NUM> extending between the power supply and control <NUM> and the heating element <NUM>. The power supply and control <NUM> can be configured to continuously heat the heating element <NUM>. Continuously heating the heating element <NUM> can help ensure that the fluid <NUM> in the hose <NUM> and/or the nozzle <NUM> does not freeze, but this continuous heating can be expensive and/or increase risk of wearing out and/or otherwise damaging the heating element <NUM> and/or the power supply and control <NUM>. In especially cold climates, however, continuously running the heating element <NUM> can be desirable. Alternatively, the power supply and control <NUM> can be configured to non-continuously, e.g., intermittently, heat the heating element <NUM>. Non-continuously heating the heating element <NUM> can help reduce wear and tear on the heating element <NUM> and/or the power supply and control <NUM> and/or can help prevent the heating element <NUM> from providing heat when the fluid <NUM> is not at a temperature at which it may freeze or begin to freeze. The heating element <NUM> can be coupled to a housing (not shown) of the fuel dispensing device and can be located entirely inside the housing, entirely outside the housing, or partially inside and partially outside the housing. Similarly, the power supply and control <NUM> can be coupled to a housing (not shown) of the fuel dispensing device and can be located entirely inside the housing, entirely outside the housing, or partially inside and partially outside the housing. Locating the heating element <NUM> and/or the power supply and control <NUM> at least partially outside the housing can facilitate repair and/or upgrade of broken or outdated parts without requiring opening of the housing at all and/or opening of the housing in an easier way than if the part being repaired and/or upgraded is entirely within the housing.

The heating element <NUM> can be configured to provide heat <NUM> based on a measured temperature. Similar to that discussed above regarding the pump <NUM>, if the measured temperature is above a predetermined threshold temperature, then the heating element <NUM> can be configured to not provide heat, e.g., the power supply and control <NUM> can be configured to not provide power to the heating element <NUM>, and if the measured temperature is below the predetermined threshold temperature, then the heating element <NUM> can be configured to provide heat, e.g., the power supply and control <NUM> can be configured to provide power to the heating element <NUM>. Also similar to that discussed above regarding the pump <NUM>, the power supply and control <NUM> can include an on-board controller, as in this illustrated embodiment, or the controller can be located remotely from the power supply and can be in wired or wireless electronic communication therewith. The power supply and control <NUM> can include other electronic components configured to facilitate the controller's data processing, such as a memory, a printed circuit board, etc..

The movable element <NUM> can have a variety of sizes, shapes, and configurations. In an exemplary embodiment, the movable element <NUM> can be configured to rotate or "swivel" relative to the hose <NUM> about a longitudinal axis of the hose <NUM>, which can allow the nozzle <NUM> to be desirably positioned relative thereto and accordingly improve usability of the fuel dispensing device.

The movable element <NUM> can be configured to break away from the hose <NUM> so as to allow the nozzle <NUM> to be detached from the hose <NUM> in response to an amount of force applied thereto. This can be a safety feature. For example, if a user accidentally drives away with the nozzle <NUM> still attached to their vehicle, the movable element <NUM>, with the nozzle <NUM> attached thereto, can be break away from the hose <NUM>, thereby avoiding potentially very serious damage caused by the hose <NUM> and/or the fuel dispensing device being pulled away due to the force of the moving vehicle.

The movable element <NUM> can include an adapter portion <NUM> and a breakaway portion <NUM> configured to facilitate the breaking away of the movable element <NUM>, and the nozzle attached thereto <NUM>, from the hose <NUM>. The adapter portion <NUM> can be proximal to the breakaway portion <NUM> and can be configured to remain attached to the hose <NUM> in the event that the breakaway portion <NUM> is actuated in response to atypical force being applied to the nozzle <NUM> and/or the hose <NUM>. The adapter portion <NUM> of the movable element <NUM> can be configured to be in a fixed position relative to the hose <NUM> so as to remain stationary thereto, with the breakaway portion <NUM> of the movable element <NUM> being configured to swivel as discussed herein.

The breakaway portion <NUM> can be configured to be self-sealing. The breakaway portion <NUM> can be configured automatically seal so as to close newly exposed open ends of the fuel passageway <NUM> and the air passageway <NUM> when the breakaway portion <NUM> "breaks. " In this way, the breakaway portion <NUM> can be configured to prevent the fuel <NUM> from leaking out of the fuel passageway <NUM> and to prevent the air <NUM> from leaving out of the air passageway <NUM> in the event that the movable element <NUM>, and the nozzle <NUM> attached thereto, are separated from the hose <NUM>. The breakaway portion <NUM> can be located outside of the nozzle <NUM>, e.g., entirely proximal to the nozzle <NUM>, as in this illustrated embodiment, which can allow for improved flexibility in nozzle designs and/or for easier manufacturing of nozzles. The breakaway portion <NUM> can be located entirely distal to the heating element <NUM>, which can help prevent damage to the heating element <NUM> in the event that the breakaway portion <NUM> is activated when the nozzle <NUM> is separated from the hose <NUM>. The breakaway portion <NUM> can be configured to self-seal in a variety of ways. As in this illustrated embodiment, the breakaway portion <NUM> can include one or more sealing elements <NUM> configured to pinch together upon the breaking, thereby sealing the fuel passageway <NUM> and the air passageway <NUM>.

The movable element <NUM> can include a break region <NUM> configured to facilitate the breaking away of the breakaway portion <NUM> from the adapter portion <NUM> and from the hose <NUM>. The break region <NUM> can include scoring that extends circumferentially around the movable element <NUM>, as in this illustrated embodiment, although the break region <NUM> can have other configurations, e.g., a weakened area of thinner and/or different material than a remainder of the movable element's sidewall.

The manifold <NUM> can have a variety of sizes, shapes, and configurations. The manifold <NUM>, shown in <FIG>, can be configured to facilitate passage of the fluid <NUM> from the fluid supply <NUM> into the hose <NUM> and passage of the air <NUM> from the air supply into the hose <NUM> without the fluid <NUM> mixing with the air <NUM>. The manifold <NUM> can include a first opening <NUM> through which the air <NUM> can flow from the air supply, e.g., into which the pump <NUM> can pump the air <NUM>. Adjacent the first opening <NUM> can be a first coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with the air supply, e.g., with a tube <NUM> through which the air <NUM> flows from the pump <NUM>. The first coupling element <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment includes a tube into which the tube <NUM> can mate by, e.g., interference fit.

The manifold <NUM> can include a second opening <NUM> through which the fluid <NUM> can flow from the fluid supply <NUM>. Adjacent the second opening <NUM> can be a second coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with the fluid supply <NUM>, e.g., with a tube <NUM> through which the fluid <NUM> flows. The second coupling element <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment includes a thread configured to threadably mate with a threaded member <NUM> at an end of the tube <NUM>. The first and second openings <NUM>, <NUM> can not be in fluid communication, which can help prevent the fluid <NUM> passing through the second opening <NUM> from mixing with the air <NUM> passing through the first opening <NUM>.

The manifold <NUM> can include a third opening <NUM> into which the control cable <NUM> can extend. Adjacent the third opening <NUM> can be a third coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with the control cable <NUM>, e.g., with a coupling element <NUM> at an end of the control cable <NUM>. The third coupling element <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment includes a tube into which the coupling element <NUM> can mate by, e.g., interference fit. The third opening <NUM> can be in communication with the first opening <NUM>, which can allow the heating element <NUM> and the air <NUM> to be in contact with one another. The third opening <NUM> can thus not be in communication with the second opening <NUM>, similar to the first opening <NUM>.

The manifold <NUM> can include a fourth opening <NUM> through which the air <NUM> can flow after entering the manifold <NUM> through the first opening, through which the fluid <NUM> can flow after entering the manifold through the second opening <NUM>, and through which the heating element <NUM> extending from the coupling element <NUM> at the third opening <NUM> can extend. Adjacent the fourth opening <NUM> can be a fourth coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with the hose <NUM>, e.g., with a proximal end thereof that is opposite to a distal end thereof configured to mate to the nozzle <NUM>. The fourth coupling element <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment includes a thread configured to threadably mate with a thread <NUM> at the proximal end of the hose <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates another embodiment of a manifold <NUM>. The manifold <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment includes a first opening <NUM> through which air can flow, a first coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with an air supply, a second opening <NUM> through which fluid can flow, a second coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with a fluid supply, a third opening <NUM> through which a heating element control cable can extend, a third coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with the control cable, a fourth opening <NUM> through which the air and the fluid can flow and through which the heating element can extend, and a fourth coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with a hose. In this illustrated embodiment, the first coupling element <NUM> includes a tube, the second coupling element <NUM> includes a thread, the third coupling element <NUM> includes a thread, and the fourth coupling element <NUM> includes a thread. Like the manifold <NUM> of <FIG>, the manifold <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment is a unitary piece, e.g., a singular element.

<FIG> illustrate another embodiment of a manifold (not shown assembled) that includes a first, upper portion <NUM> and a second, lower portion <NUM>. A first base <NUM> of the first portion <NUM> can be configured to face and mate with a second base <NUM> of the second portion <NUM> to form the manifold. In an exemplary embodiment, flat surfaces of first and second bases <NUM>, <NUM> can face one another and be mated together via a plurality of screws inserted through mating holes <NUM> formed in each of the first and second portions <NUM>, <NUM>, although the first and second portions <NUM>, <NUM> can be mated together in any combination of one or more ways, e.g., screws, adhesive, welding, etc. A sealing element, e.g., an o-ring, can be disposed therebetween to provide fluid sealing between the first and second portions <NUM>, <NUM>.

The manifold in this illustrated embodiment includes a first opening <NUM> through which air can flow, a first coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with an air supply, a second opening <NUM> through which fluid can flow, a second coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with a fluid supply, a fourth opening <NUM> through which the air and the fluid can flow and through which a heating element can extend, and a fourth coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with a hose. In this illustrated embodiment, the first opening <NUM> can be configured to also have the heating element control cable extend therethrough. In this illustrated embodiment, the first coupling element <NUM> includes a thread, the second coupling element <NUM> includes a thread, and the fourth coupling element <NUM> includes a tube. The manifold in this illustrated embodiment is a non-unitary, multi-piece member.

<FIG> illustrate another embodiment of a fuel dispensing device <NUM> configured to heat fluid (not shown) that can be dispensed therefrom. The device <NUM> can include a hose <NUM>, a nozzle <NUM>, a heating element (not shown), a movable element <NUM>, and a manifold <NUM>. The hose <NUM> can be configured as a coaxial hose and include at least two coaxial tubes, e.g., an outer tube <NUM> and an inner tube (not shown). The nozzle <NUM> can include a dispensing trigger <NUM>, a fluid exit opening <NUM>, and an air exit opening <NUM>. Like the nozzle <NUM> of <FIG>, the nozzle <NUM> of <FIG> can have the fluid exit opening <NUM> located distal to the air exit opening <NUM>. This relative positioning can allow the heated air to pass through the air exit opening <NUM> at any time regardless of whether or not the nozzle <NUM> is seated in a nozzle boot <NUM> and regardless of whether or not the fluid is passing through the fluid exit opening <NUM>.

The device <NUM> can include a housing <NUM> configured to be securely mounted to the ground and/or other stable area. The housing <NUM> can have the nozzle boot <NUM> formed therein. The housing <NUM> can have a second nozzle boot <NUM> formed therein configured to seat a second nozzle (not shown) similar to the nozzle <NUM> that can be coupled to a hose (not shown) similar to the hose <NUM>, which can be coupled to a manifold (not shown) similar to the manifold <NUM>.

The manifold <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment is a unitary member, as shown in <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>. The manifold <NUM> can be fixedly mounted to the housing <NUM>, as in this illustrated embodiment. The manifold <NUM> is disposed within the housing <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment, but a manifold can be fully or partially located outside a housing. Locating the manifold at least partially outside the housing can facilitate repair and/or upgrade of broken or outdated parts without requiring opening of the housing at all and/or opening of the housing in an easier way than if the part being repaired and/or upgraded is entirely within the housing. The manifold <NUM> can include a first opening through which air can flow, a first coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with an air supply, a second opening through which fluid can flow, a second coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with a fluid supply, a fourth opening through which the air and the fluid can flow and through which a heating element can extend, and a fourth coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with the hose <NUM>. In this illustrated embodiment, the first opening can be configured to also have a heating element control cable extend therethrough. In this illustrated embodiment, the first coupling element <NUM> includes a tube, the second coupling element <NUM> includes a thread, and the fourth coupling element <NUM> includes a thread.

<FIG> illustrate another embodiment of a fuel dispensing device <NUM> configured to heat fluid (not shown) that can be dispensed therefrom. The device <NUM> can include a housing <NUM>, a hose <NUM>, a nozzle <NUM>, a nozzle boot <NUM>, a heating element (not shown), a movable element <NUM>, and a manifold <NUM>. The hose <NUM> can be configured as a coaxial hose and include at least two coaxial tubes, e.g., an outer tube <NUM> and an inner tube (not shown). The nozzle <NUM> can include a dispensing trigger <NUM>, a fluid exit opening (not shown), and an air exit opening <NUM>. Like the nozzle <NUM> of <FIG>, the nozzle <NUM> of <FIG> and <FIG> can have the fluid exit opening located distal to the air exit opening <NUM>.

Similar to the manifold <NUM> of <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>, the manifold <NUM> of <FIG> is a unitary member and is fixed to the housing <NUM>. The manifold <NUM> can include a first opening through which air can flow, a first coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with an air supply, a second opening through which fluid can flow, a second coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with a fluid supply, a third opening through which a heating element control cable <NUM> can extend, a third coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with the control cable <NUM>, a fourth opening through which the air and the fluid can flow and through which a heating element can extend, and a fourth coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with the hose <NUM>. In this illustrated embodiment, the first, second, third, and fourth coupling elements <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> each include a thread. <FIG> also show a tube <NUM> mated to the second coupling element <NUM> and through which the fluid flows, and show a tube <NUM> mated to the first coupling element <NUM> and through which the air flows.

The device <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment also includes a second hose <NUM>, a second nozzle <NUM>, a second nozzle boot <NUM>, a second heating element (not shown), a second movable element <NUM>, and a second manifold <NUM> similar to the hose <NUM>, the nozzle <NUM>, the nozzle boot <NUM>, the heating element (not shown for the hose <NUM> and nozzle <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment), the movable element <NUM>, and the manifold <NUM>.

<FIG> and <FIG> illustrate another embodiment of a fuel dispensing device configured to heat fluid <NUM> that can be dispensed therefrom. The device can include a housing <NUM>, a hose <NUM>, a nozzle <NUM>, a nozzle boot <NUM>, a heating element (not shown), a movable element <NUM>, and a manifold <NUM>. The hose <NUM> can be configured as a coaxial hose and include at least two coaxial tubes, e.g., an outer tube <NUM>, a fluid passageway <NUM>, and an air tube <NUM>. The nozzle <NUM> can include a dispensing trigger <NUM>, a fluid exit opening (not shown), and an air exit opening <NUM>. Like the nozzle <NUM> of <FIG>, the nozzle <NUM> of <FIG> can have a fluid exit opening <NUM> located distal to an air exit opening <NUM>.

Similar to the manifold <NUM> of <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>, the manifold <NUM> of <FIG> is a unitary member and is fixed to the housing <NUM>. The manifold <NUM> can include a first opening through which air can flow, a first coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with an air supply, a second opening through which fluid can flow, a second coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with a fluid supply, a third opening through which a heating element control cable (not shown) can extend, a third coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with the control cable, a fourth opening through which the air and the fluid can flow and through which the heating element can extend, and a fourth coupling element <NUM> configured to mate with the hose <NUM>. In this illustrated embodiment, the first, second, third, and fourth coupling elements <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> each include a thread.

<FIG> illustrates another embodiment of a fuel dispensing device configured to heat fluid <NUM> that can be dispensed therefrom. The device can include a hose <NUM>, a nozzle <NUM>, a heating element (not shown), an air exit opening <NUM>, a movable element <NUM>, and a manifold (not shown). The hose <NUM> can be configured as a coaxial hose and include at least two coaxial tubes, e.g., an outer tube <NUM> and an inner tube <NUM>. The nozzle <NUM> can include a dispensing trigger <NUM>, and a fluid exit opening <NUM>. The nozzle <NUM> of <FIG> can have the fluid exit opening <NUM> located distal to the air exit opening <NUM>. The air exit opening <NUM> can be from the hose <NUM> such that air <NUM> exiting the air exit opening <NUM> does not enter the nozzle <NUM>. Instead, the exiting air <NUM> can flow outside of the nozzle <NUM> so as to facilitate heating of the nozzle <NUM> from an exterior thereof. In other words, the air passageway through which the air <NUM> flows can be located within the hose <NUM> but not within the nozzle <NUM>. The hose <NUM> can thus be configured to be used with existing nozzles such that the nozzles need not be retrofitted for heating using the coaxial heating system disclosed herein.

The fuel dispensing device can include an air diverter <NUM> configured to facilitate flow of the fluid <NUM> into the nozzle <NUM> without mixing the air <NUM> with the fluid <NUM> and while allowing the air <NUM> to exit from the air exit opening <NUM>. In other words, the air diverter <NUM> can be configured to divert the air <NUM> within the hose <NUM>, e.g., within the inner tube <NUM>, to an area outside the nozzle <NUM> while allowing the fluid <NUM> within the hose <NUM>, e.g., within a gap of space <NUM> between the inner and outer tubes <NUM>, <NUM>, to flow into the nozzle <NUM>. As in the illustrated embodiment, the air diverter <NUM> can be located proximal to the movable element <NUM>, which can facilitate retrofitting to existing nozzles and/or can help maintain heated air flow around the nozzle <NUM> even during use of the nozzle <NUM> by a user.

In some embodiments, a fuel dispensing system can include a nozzle that includes an air intake opening instead of an air exit opening. The air intake opening can be similar to the air exit openings described herein except that instead of heated air passing through the nozzle in a distal direction and exiting the nozzle through the air exit opening, heated air can pass through the nozzle in a proximal direction and enter the nozzle through the air intake opening. The heated air that enters the nozzle through the air intake opening can pass into the hose from the nozzle, thereby allowing fuel to be heated within the hose as well as within the nozzle. The hose can include an air exit opening similar to the air exit openings described herein for nozzles, thereby allowing the heated air to exit the system. The hose's air exit opening can allow the air to be released directly into the atmosphere or to first be released into an element of the fuel dispensing system, such as a housing, before being released into the atmosphere.

The heated air can be provided to the nozzle for entry into the nozzle in a variety of ways. For example, an air supply similar to those described herein can be coupled to a nozzle boot configured to selectively seat the nozzle. The air supply can be configured to supply the air in a heated state into proximity of the nozzle, e.g., into a nozzle boot that seats the nozzle, into a shroud that covers the nozzle, etc. The heated air can then be allowed to enter the nozzle's air intake opening.

Because the air is heated prior to entering either the nozzle or the hose when the nozzle is configured to have the heated air enter therein, a heating element need not be disposed within either the nozzle or the hose. This can facilitate manufacturing of the nozzle and the hose.

In some embodiments, a nozzle including an air intake opening can also include an air exit opening. In such an embodiment, the hose need not include an air exit opening even though the heated air that enters the nozzle may also be able to enter the hose so as to heat fuel therein. The hose not including an air exit opening can make the system easier to manufacture and/or maintain since conventional hoses can be used and/or heated air can exit from an element (e.g., the nozzle) that can be already exposed to the outside environment by virtue of its accessibility in a nozzle boot.

In some embodiments, a fuel dispensing device can include an air containment mechanism configured to facilitate heating of the fuel dispensing device's nozzle using heated air that exits the nozzle, e.g., through an air exit opening thereof, or that enters the nozzle, e.g., through an air intake opening thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the air containment mechanism can be configured to facilitate heating of the nozzle's spout, e.g., the nozzle's fluid exit opening, which as mentioned above can be more prone to fluid freezing due to its closer proximity to weather than other portions of the nozzle and hose. The air containment mechanism can be configured to help contain the heated air in proximity with the nozzle, e.g., the nozzle's spout, whether the heated air is released from the nozzle or is supplied in proximity of the nozzle for entry into the nozzle. The air containment mechanism can thus effectively use "waste" heated air to further help prevent the freezing of fluid.

The fuel dispensing device can include a sensor in proximity of the air containment mechanism, e.g., attached to the nozzle adjacent the air exit opening, attached to the nozzle boot, attached to the nozzle adjacent the air intake opening, etc., and configured to sense an ambient temperature. By using this sensor alone or in combination with other sensors configured to sense temperature, heating can be more efficiently controlled, e.g., turned on or off in response to temperature, so as to better help ensure that fluid does not freeze and that heat is provided when necessary and not provided when unnecessary.

The air containment mechanism can be configured to be a passive element that a user of the fuel dispensing device need not manipulate, e.g., remove, open, etc., in order to handle the nozzle and dispense fluid therefrom. The user's experience can thus be akin to the user's current dispensing expectations, which can help provide for a better user experience than at least some traditional heating techniques, such as a shroud that a user must move and/or remove prior to dispensing.

The air containment mechanism can be located at a portion of a fuel dispensing device's housing that seats the nozzle, e.g., a nozzle boot of the device. In this way, the fuel dispensing device can be configured to heat the nozzle when not in use, e.g., when fluid is not being dispensed therefrom, which can be when the fluid is more likely to freeze since it is not flowing and in motion.

The air containment mechanism can include a cavity open at a bottom thereof and closed upwards, similar to an awning. In an exemplary embodiment, the cavity can be located in the nozzle boot portion of the fuel dispensing device with the open bottom of the cavity being located in a direction toward the ground on which the fuel dispensing device is seated. The open bottom can be completely open, e.g., unobscured by any material, or the open bottom can be partially open, e.g., at least partially obscured by a material. For a semi-open bottom, the material at least partially obscuring the cavity can be a variety of materials, such as a type of broom material that can allow air to pass therethrough while also helping to insulate the cavity by helping to contain heated air within the cavity, or a type of screen material that can allow air to pass therethrough while also helping to insulate the cavity by helping to contain heated air within the cavity. If the bottom is semi-open, the material at least partially obscuring the bottom can be configured to be a passive element that a user of the fuel dispensing device need not manipulate, e.g., remove, open, etc., in order to handle the nozzle and dispense fluid therefrom.

<FIG> illustrates an embodiment of a fuel dispensing device <NUM> configured to heat fluid that can be dispensed therefrom. The fuel dispensing device <NUM> is the same as the device <NUM> of <FIG> except that the device <NUM> of <FIG> includes an air containment mechanism configured to facilitate heating of the fuel dispensing device's nozzle <NUM> using heated air that exits the nozzle <NUM> through the air exit opening <NUM>, as shown by air exit arrows <NUM>. The air containment mechanism in this illustrated embodiment is located at a portion of a fuel dispensing device's housing that seats the nozzle and includes a cavity <NUM> defined by the nozzle boot <NUM> and a cover <NUM> such that the cavity <NUM> has closed walls except for an open bottom through which the nozzle <NUM> can extend when seated in the boot <NUM>. The air containment mechanism can thus be configured to help contain the heated air that exits the air exit opening <NUM> in proximity to the nozzle <NUM> and in particular in proximity to a distal portion thereof including the fluid exit opening <NUM>. The cover <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment includes a rectangular plate, but the cover <NUM> can have other shapes and sizes in accordance with, e.g., size and shape of the nozzle, size and shape of the nozzle boot, location of the air exit opening, etc..

In some embodiments, a sensor configured to sense ambient temperature can be disposed within the cavity <NUM>, e.g., attached to the cover <NUM>, attached to a wall of the fuel dispensing device <NUM> within the nozzle boot <NUM>, etc. The sensed temperature can be used to help control heating, as discussed above.

<FIG> illustrates an embodiment of a fuel dispensing device configured to heat fluid <NUM> that can be dispensed therefrom. The fuel dispensing device is the same as the device of <FIG> except that the device of <FIG> includes an air containment mechanism <NUM> configured to facilitate heating of the fuel dispensing device's nozzle <NUM> using heated air that exits the air exit opening <NUM> into a gap of space <NUM> defined between the nozzle <NUM> and the air containment mechanism <NUM> and between the air diverter <NUM> and the air containment mechanism <NUM>. The air containment mechanism <NUM> can be configured to help contain heated air that exits the hose <NUM> around an exterior of the nozzle <NUM> in an embodiment in which heated air is directed distally. In an embodiment in which heated air is directed proximally into the hose <NUM>, the air containment mechanism <NUM> can be configured to help direct the heated air around an exterior of the nozzle <NUM>.

The air containment mechanism <NUM> can be disposed around at least a portion of the nozzle <NUM>, e.g., a proximal portion, to facilitate heating of the nozzle <NUM>. As in this illustrated embodiment, the air containment mechanism <NUM> can be located entirely proximally to the fluid exit opening <NUM>, e.g., entirely proximally to a distal end of the nozzle's spout. Such placement can help avoid the air containment mechanism <NUM> from getting in the way of the fluid <NUM> being dispensed from the nozzle <NUM> while helping to heat the nozzle <NUM> with heated air.

The air containment mechanism <NUM> can be in fluid communication with the air diverter <NUM>, thereby allowing the air <NUM> to pass freely between the air diverter <NUM> and the air containment mechanism <NUM>.

The air containment mechanism <NUM> can be configured to be removably and replaceably coupled to the fuel dispensing device, such as by being configured to clamp thereon and unclamp therefrom, by being configured to be snap fit onto and off from the nozzle <NUM>, etc. The air containment mechanism <NUM> being removable and replaceable can facilitate retrofitting the air containment mechanism <NUM> to existing nozzles and/or can facilitate repair, cleaning, etc. of the nozzle <NUM>. In other embodiments, the air containment mechanism <NUM> can be non-removably attached to the fuel dispensing device, such as by being integrally formed with the fuel dispensing device, by being welded thereto, etc..

The air containment mechanism <NUM> has a generally cylindrical shape in this illustrated embodiment so as to correspond to the generally cylindrical outer shape of this illustrated embodiment's nozzle <NUM>, but the air containment mechanism <NUM> can have other shapes.

In some embodiments, a fuel dispensing device can be configured to heat a nozzle of the fuel dispensing device using heated air released from the fuel dispensing device through an air exit opening located within or adjacent to a nozzle boot of the fuel dispensing device. The air exit opening can be oriented in a direction toward the nozzle boot to help direct the heated air toward the nozzle boot and, thus, toward the nozzle when the nozzle is seated in the nozzle boot. The heated air that exits the air exit opening can thus be configured to heat the nozzle boot and to heat the nozzle when the nozzle is seated in the nozzle boot. In some embodiments, the nozzle can include the air exit opening located adjacent to a nozzle boot of the fuel dispensing device, such as in the embodiment of the nozzle <NUM> of <FIG> that includes the air exit opening <NUM>, in the embodiment of the nozzle <NUM> of <FIG> and <FIG> that includes the air exit opening <NUM>, in the embodiment of the nozzle <NUM> of <FIG> that includes the air exit opening <NUM>, in the embodiment of the nozzle <NUM> of <FIG> that includes the air exit opening <NUM>, and in the embodiment of the nozzle <NUM> of <FIG> and <FIG> that includes the air exit opening <NUM>. In some embodiments, the fuel dispensing device can include a conduit disposed within the fuel dispensing device, e.g., within a housing thereof, that can include the air exit opening located adjacent to a nozzle boot of the fuel dispensing device. The heated air that flows through the conduit can include ambient air from within the housing that has already been heated within the housing, such that the conduit can be configured to redirect the heated air toward the nozzle.

<FIG> illustrates an embodiment of a fuel dispensing device <NUM> including a first conduit <NUM> disposed within the fuel dispensing device <NUM> and having an air exit opening <NUM> located adjacent to a nozzle boot <NUM> of the fuel dispensing device <NUM>. The device <NUM> can include a hose <NUM>, a nozzle <NUM>, a fluid supply <NUM>, and a fluid meter <NUM>. The device <NUM> can also include a housing <NUM> generally divided into an electronics compartment <NUM> and a hydraulics compartment <NUM>.

The fluid supply <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment is in the form of a reservoir configured to be located underground. The fluid, e.g., the fuel, in the fluid supply <NUM> can be configured to be advanced into the hose <NUM> from the fluid supply <NUM> through a fluid line <NUM> that extends to the fluid meter <NUM>.

The hose <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment is configured to circulate the fuel therein, which can facilitate heating of the fuel. In general, the fuel can be circulated within the hose <NUM> using a circulation system while allowing the fuel <NUM> to be dispensed on demand from the nozzle <NUM>.

As in this illustrated embodiment, the circulation system can include a heating element <NUM>, an inner fluid reservoir <NUM> in communication with (e.g., directly connected thereto or located in close proximity of) the heating element <NUM>, a first fluid duct <NUM> extending from the inner fluid reservoir <NUM> to and coaxially through the hose <NUM>, a second fluid duct <NUM> extending between the hose <NUM> and the inner fluid reservoir <NUM>, and a motor <NUM> configured to drive the fuel to facilitate the fuel circulation. The fuel can be configured to circulate from the inner fluid reservoir <NUM>, through the first fluid duct <NUM>, out of the distal opening of the first fluid duct <NUM> and back to the inner fluid reservoir <NUM> through the hose <NUM> and the second fluid duct <NUM>. The first fluid duct <NUM> can have a distal opening (not shown), e.g., a fluid exit opening, in the fluid hose <NUM> that is located proximal to the nozzle <NUM>. The fuel dispensing device <NUM> can include a valve (not shown) configured to control when the fuel flows through the distal opening or recirculates in the hose <NUM>. Electronics (e.g., a controller, a microprocessor, a CPU, etc.) contained in the electronics compartment <NUM> can be configured to control the opening and closing of the valve.

As shown in this illustrated embodiment, the hose <NUM> can include coaxial passageways therein to facilitate the heating of the fuel. In this illustrated embodiment, the fuel can circulate in a direction from the inner fluid reservoir <NUM> toward the nozzle <NUM> in an inner one of the coaxial passageways, as shown by first circulation arrows <NUM>, and can circulate in a direction toward the inner fluid reservoir <NUM> in an outer one of the coaxial passageways, as shown by first circulation arrows <NUM>.

The fuel can be circulated within the hose <NUM> when the fuel dispensing device <NUM> is not in use, e.g., when the nozzle <NUM> is seated in the nozzle boot <NUM> and does not have fuel being dispensed therefrom. The circulating system can thus help prevent stationary fuel remaining within the hose <NUM> and/or the nozzle <NUM> from freezing.

The fuel dispensing device <NUM> can include one or more temperature sensors (not shown) configured to sense a temperature of the fluid in the hose <NUM>, a temperature of the fluid in the nozzle <NUM>, an ambient temperature within the housing <NUM> (e.g., within the hydraulics compartment <NUM>), and/or an ambient outdoor temperature outside the housing <NUM>. The sensed temperature can be used, e.g., by electronics (e.g., a controller, a microprocessor, a CPU, etc.) contained in the electronics compartment <NUM>, to control the starting and stopping of the fuel's circulation in the hose <NUM>. For example, if the sensed temperature is greater than a predetermined threshold temperature, e.g., the temperature at which the fuel can begin to crystallize, the circulation can be off, and if the sensed temperature is less than the predetermined threshold temperature, the circulation can be on.

The sensed temperature can be used, e.g., by the electronics in the electronics compartment <NUM>, to control an amount of heat provided by the heating element <NUM>, thereby controlling how much the fuel is heated. For example, if the sensed temperature is within a first predetermined range of temperatures, the heating element <NUM> can provide a first level of heat, and if the sensed temperature is within a second predetermined range of temperatures that are lower than the first predetermined range, the heating element <NUM> can provide a second level of heat that is greater than the first level of heat.

The sensed temperature can be used, e.g., by the electronics in the electronics compartment <NUM>, to control a flow rate of the circulated fuel in the hose <NUM>, e.g., by controlling a power output of the motor <NUM>. The fuel dispensing unit <NUM> can include a proportional valve (not shown) configured to facilitate control of the flow rate. In general, the higher the motor's power output, the higher the fuel's flow rate within the hose <NUM> and the more heated the fuel. For example, if the sensed temperature is greater than a predetermined threshold temperature, the motor <NUM> can provide a first amount of power output, and if the sensed temperature is below the predetermined threshold temperature, the motor <NUM> can provide a second amount of power output that is greater than the first amount of power output.

The heating element <NUM>, the motor <NUM>, and a fan <NUM> can be configured to cooperate to provide and transport heated air through the first conduit <NUM> and out the air exit opening <NUM>. In this illustrated embodiment the fan <NUM> and the motor <NUM> are separate, independent elements, but the fan <NUM> and the motor <NUM> can be part of a single unit providing both fan and motor functions. The first conduit <NUM> includes a rigid elongate tube in this illustrated embodiment, but the first conduit <NUM> can have other configurations, such as a flexible elongate tube. In general, the first conduit <NUM> can be configured to pass heated air from within the housing <NUM> to the nozzle boot <NUM> in a direction of conduit arrows <NUM>, thereby facilitating the heating of the nozzle <NUM> when the nozzle <NUM> is seated in the nozzle boot <NUM>. The first conduit <NUM> can be cannulated, with the heated air passing through the cannulated interior of the first conduit, e.g., through an inner lumen thereof. The fuel dispensing device <NUM> can include an air containment mechanism (not shown), as discussed herein, configured to facilitate heating of the nozzle <NUM> using heated air that enters the nozzle boot <NUM>.

A proximal end of the first conduit <NUM> can be in communication with the heating element <NUM> such that air adjacent to the heating element <NUM> can pass into the first conduit <NUM> through a proximal opening <NUM> of the first conduit <NUM>. A distal end of the first conduit <NUM> can be in communication with the nozzle boot <NUM> such that air can exit the first conduit <NUM> and enter the nozzle boot <NUM> through the first conduit's air exit opening <NUM>.

The heated air passing through the first conduit <NUM> can be ambient air from within the housing <NUM>, e.g., from within the hydraulics compartment <NUM>. In this way, a separate air supply need not be provided. The heating element <NUM> can be located upstream of the fan <NUM>, as in this illustrated embodiment, such that air drawn by the fan <NUM> into the first conduit <NUM> has been in proximity of the heating element <NUM> so as to have been heated by the heating element <NUM> before being drawn into the first conduit <NUM>. In this way, as mentioned above, heated air can enter the first conduit <NUM> through the proximal opening thereof that is in communication with the heating element <NUM>.

The motor <NUM> can be configured to drive the fan <NUM>. The motor <NUM> can thus be configured to drive the circulation of the fuel through the hose <NUM> and to drive the flow of heated air through the first conduit <NUM>.

Similar to that discussed above regarding the circulation of fuel in the hose <NUM>, a sensed temperature can be used to control the starting and stopping of the heated air's passing into the first conduit <NUM> (e.g., by starting and stopping the fan <NUM>); can be used to control an amount of heat provided by the heating element <NUM>, thereby controlling how much the air in the first conduit <NUM> is heated; and/or can be used to control a flow rate of the heated air within the first conduit <NUM> (e.g., by controlling a rotation speed of the fan <NUM>).

The fuel dispensing device <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment includes a second hose 4a that can be configured to circulate fuel therein similar to the hose <NUM>, and includes another first conduit 9a that can be configured to heat a second nozzle boot 12a similar to the first conduit <NUM>. The fuel dispensing device <NUM> can thus include a second motor 8a, a second fuel line 13a, a second inner fluid reservoir 15a, another first fluid duct 16a, another second fluid duct 17a, and a second fluid meter 20a. The heating element <NUM> and the fan <NUM> can be configured to facilitate the heating of both nozzle boots <NUM>, 12a and both hoses <NUM>, 4a.

In some embodiments, a fuel dispensing device can be configured to heat a housing thereof, e.g., heat an interior of the housing. <FIG> illustrates an embodiment of a fuel dispensing device 1b configured to heat a housing <NUM> thereof. The fuel dispensing device 1b of <FIG> is similar to the fuel dispensing device <NUM> of <FIG> and has like-named and like-numbered components accordingly. Unlike the embodiment illustrated in <FIG> in which the fan <NUM> is located above the heating element <NUM>, e.g., located closer to a top of the hydraulics compartment <NUM>, the embodiment of <FIG> includes a fan 7b located below the heating element <NUM>, e.g., closer to the <NUM>, and the embodiment of <FIG> includes a second conduit <NUM>.

In general, the second conduit <NUM> can be configured to facilitate the heating of the housing <NUM> by passing heated air therethrough and out a distal opening <NUM> thereof that is located within the housing <NUM>, e.g., within the hydraulics compartment <NUM> of the housing <NUM>. A proximal end of the second conduit <NUM> can be in communication with the heating element <NUM> such that air adjacent to the heating element <NUM> can pass into the second conduit <NUM> through a proximal opening <NUM> of the second conduit <NUM>. The distal opening <NUM> can be located adjacent to and can be directed toward a bottom of the housing <NUM>, e.g., a bottom of the hydraulics compartment <NUM>. In this way, heated air exiting the second conduit <NUM> can rise upwards, thereby facilitating efficient heating of the housing's interior, e.g., the hydraulics compartment's interior.

The heated air passing through the second conduit <NUM> can be ambient air from within the housing <NUM>, e.g., from within the hydraulics compartment <NUM>. In this way, a separate air supply need not be provided. The heating element <NUM> can be located upstream of the fan 7b, as in this illustrated embodiment, such that air drawn by the fan 7b into the second conduit <NUM> has been in proximity of the heating element <NUM> so as to have been heated by the heating element <NUM> before being drawn into the second conduit <NUM>. In this way, heated air can enter the second conduit <NUM> through the proximal opening <NUM> thereof that is in communication with the heating element <NUM>.

The motor <NUM> can be configured to drive the fan 7b. The motor <NUM> can thus be configured to drive the circulation of the fuel through the hose <NUM> and to drive the flow of heated air through the second conduit <NUM>.

Similar to that discussed above regarding the circulation of fuel in the hose <NUM>, a sensed temperature can be used to control the starting and stopping of the heated air's passing into the second conduit <NUM> (e.g., by starting and stopping the fan 7b); can be used to control an amount of heat provided by the heating element <NUM>, thereby controlling how much the air in the second conduit <NUM> is heated; and/or can be used to control a flow rate of the heated air within the second conduit <NUM> (e.g., by controlling a rotation speed of the fan 7b).

<FIG> illustrates another embodiment of a fuel dispensing device 1c configured to heat a housing <NUM> thereof. The fuel dispensing device 1c of <FIG> is similar to the fuel dispensing device <NUM> of <FIG> and has like-named and like-numbered components accordingly. In this illustrated embodiment, the fuel dispensing device 1c includes a third conduit <NUM> that, in general, can be configured to facilitate the heating of the housing <NUM> by passing heated air therethrough and out a distal opening <NUM> thereof that is located within the housing <NUM>, e.g., within the hydraulics compartment <NUM> of the housing <NUM>. A proximal end of the third conduit <NUM> can be in communication with the heating element <NUM> such that air adjacent to the heating element <NUM> can pass into the third conduit <NUM> through a proximal opening <NUM> of the third conduit <NUM>. The distal opening <NUM> can be located adjacent to and can be directed toward a top of the housing <NUM>, e.g., a top of the hydraulics compartment <NUM>. In this way, since heated air tends to rise, air that has risen to the top of the housing <NUM>, e.g., at the top of the hydraulics compartment <NUM>, can be directed from top to bottom, thereby facilitating efficient heating of the housing's interior, e.g., the hydraulics compartment's interior.

The heated air passing through the third conduit <NUM> can be ambient air from within the housing <NUM>, e.g., from within the hydraulics compartment <NUM>. In this way, a separate air supply need not be provided. The heating element <NUM> can be located upstream of the fan 7c, as in this illustrated embodiment, such that air drawn by the fan 7c into the third conduit <NUM> has been in proximity of the heating element <NUM> so as to have been heated by the heating element <NUM> before being drawn into the third conduit <NUM>. In this way, heated air can enter the third conduit <NUM> through the proximal opening <NUM> thereof that is in communication with the heating element <NUM>.

The motor <NUM> can be configured to drive the fan 7c. The motor <NUM> can thus be configured to drive the circulation of the fuel through the hose <NUM> and to drive the flow of heated air through the third conduit <NUM>.

Similar to that discussed above regarding the circulation of fuel in the hose <NUM>, a sensed temperature can be used to control the starting and stopping of the heated air's passing into the third conduit <NUM> (e.g., by starting and stopping the fan 7c); can be used to control an amount of heat provided by the heating element <NUM>, thereby controlling how much the air in the third conduit <NUM> is heated; and/or can be used to control a flow rate of the heated air within the third conduit <NUM> (e.g., by controlling a rotation speed of the fan 7c).

A fuel dispensing device, e.g., any of the fuel dispensing devices described with respect to <FIG>, can include any one of more of first, second, and third conduits configured similar to the first, second, and third conduits <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> of <FIG>, respectively. A fuel dispensing device that includes at least two of the first, second, and third conduits can be configured to efficiently protect against fluid freezing at least because a plurality of the same components (e.g., the same heating elements and the same fan) can be used to provide heating via the two or more conduits and/or the same temperature sensor readings can be used to simultaneously control heating via the multiple conduits (e.g., the starting and the stopping of the fan can simultaneously start and stop air flow through multiple conduits, the speeding up or slowing down of the fan can simultaneously change flow rates in multiple conduits, the changing of the heating element's heat level can simultaneously change how hot heated air is within each of multiple conduits, etc.). Similarly, a fuel dispensing device that includes at least one of the first, second, and third conduits and includes a circulating system configured to circulate fluid through a hose of the fuel dispensing device can be configured to efficiently protect against fluid freezing at least because a plurality of the same components can be used to provide heating via the conduit(s) and the hose and/or the same temperature sensor readings can be used to simultaneously control heating via the conduit(s) and the hose.

In some embodiments, a fluid dispensing device can include a heating element configured to directly heat fluid that can be dispensed from the fluid dispensing device. The heating element can be at least partially disposed within each of a nozzle and a hose of the fluid dispensing device, thereby allowing the fluid to be heated in both the nozzle and the hose. The heating element can be configured to heat the fluid without heated air flowing through the hose and/or the nozzle, such as in the embodiments including heated air flow described with respect to <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>. The fluid dispensing device can thus be less expensive and/or less complicated to manufacture because it need not include an air flow system that facilitates air flow through the hose and/or nozzle. The heating element can be configured to be retrofitted into existing nozzles and hoses, which can allow for flexibility of use and/or can reduce costs (e.g., by not requiring purchase of a new fluid dispensing device to provide for fluid heating).

<FIG> illustrates an embodiment of a heating assembly <NUM> configured to be included in a fluid dispensing device and to heat fluid dispensable therefrom. The heating assembly <NUM> has a proximal portion that is configured to be disposed in a hose of the fluid dispensing system and a distal portion that is configured to be disposed in a nozzle coupled to a distal end of the hose, as discussed further below. Such a configuration allows the heating assembly <NUM> to heat fluid within both the hose and the nozzle. The heating assembly <NUM> can be configured to be fully contained within the hose and the nozzle, which can help efficiently direct the heat provided by the heating assembly <NUM> to the fluid within the hose and the nozzle and/or can help prevent the heating assembly <NUM> from being damaged or tampered with when installed in a fluid dispensing device.

The heating assembly <NUM> can have a variety of sizes, shapes, and configurations. In the illustrated embodiment, the heating assembly <NUM> includes a conductive outer extension tube <NUM>, an outer tube <NUM> having a distal end 1104d attached to a proximal end 1102p of the outer extension tube <NUM>, and a heating element <NUM> extending at least partially through each of the outer extension tube <NUM> and the outer tube <NUM>, e.g., a distal portion thereof disposed within the outer extension tube <NUM> and a proximal portion thereof disposed within the outer tube <NUM>.

The outer extension tube <NUM> can have a variety of sizes, shapes, and configurations and can be formed from a variety of conductive materials, such as one or more conductive metals or a conductive polymer. In an exemplary embodiment, the outer extension tube <NUM> is a rigid member formed from a rigid material. The rigidity of the outer extension tube <NUM> can facilitate secure positioning of the outer extension tube <NUM> within a nozzle. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer extension tube <NUM> is formed from stainless steel but can be formed from other materials in other embodiments.

A longitudinal length <NUM> of the outer extension tube <NUM> can vary. In general, and as discussed further below, the outer extension tube's longitudinal length <NUM> may differ based on the size of the nozzle to which the heating assembly <NUM> is to be coupled. For example, the outer extension tube's longitudinal length <NUM> can be relatively short when used with a nozzle having a relatively shallow proximal portion in which the outer extension tube <NUM> is disposed, and the outer extension tube's longitudinal length <NUM> can be relatively long when used with a nozzle having a relatively deep proximal portion in which the outer extension tube <NUM> is disposed. The longitudinal length <NUM> can thus be customized for use with a particular nozzle to help heat as much fluid as possible within the nozzle.

The outer extension tube <NUM> can include a well <NUM> formed therein (see <FIG> and <FIG>, discussed further below). The well <NUM> can be formed in the proximal end 1102p of the outer extension tube <NUM> and it can extend therefrom along at least a partial longitudinal length of the outer extension tube <NUM>. The well <NUM> can be configured to seat a distal end of the heating element <NUM> therein, as shown in <FIG>. The heating element's distal end can thus be configured to be disposed within a nozzle in which the outer extension tube <NUM> is disposed. The well <NUM> can have a closed distal end so as to extend along a partial portion of the outer extension tube's longitudinal length <NUM>.

The proximal end 1102p of the outer extension tube <NUM> can include a mating feature <NUM> configured to mate to the distal end 1104d of the outer tube <NUM>. The mating feature <NUM> can have a variety of sizes, shapes, and configurations. The mating feature <NUM> can, as in this illustrated embodiment, include a recessed portion configured to seat the outer tube <NUM> therein. The recessed portion can include ribs thereon, as shown, which can help mate the outer extension tube <NUM> to the outer tube using an interference fit. Adhesive can be used in addition or as an alternative to the mating feature <NUM> to help mate the outer tube <NUM> and the outer extension tube <NUM> together. Other examples of mating features include a protrusion configured to mate with a corresponding depression, a depression configured to mate with a corresponding protrusion, a snap fit member, threads, etc..

The outer tube <NUM> can also have a variety of sizes, shapes, and configurations and can be formed from a variety of materials. In an exemplary embodiment, the outer tube <NUM> is thermally conductive, e.g., allows heat from the heating element <NUM> therein to pass therethrough, and is a flexible member formed from flexible materials. The flexibility of the outer tube <NUM> can facilitate user manipulation of a hose in which the outer tube <NUM> is disposed. In this illustrated embodiment, the outer extension tube <NUM> is formed from Teflon® but can be formed from other materials in other embodiments.

The heating element <NUM> can be configured similar to other heating elements discussed herein, e.g., it can include a PTC heater or a heat cable. As shown in <FIG>, the heating element <NUM> includes a non-conductive tube <NUM>, also referred to herein as a "jacket," having one or more electrical leads <NUM> extending longitudinally therethrough and configured to radiate heat. In the illustrated embodiment, the heating element <NUM> includes two electrical leads <NUM>. The jacket <NUM> can be a flexible member, which will allow both the jacket <NUM> and a hose disposed therearound to flex during use. The jacket <NUM> is formed from Teflon® in this illustrated embodiment, but the jacket <NUM> can be formed from other flexible materials.

The heating element <NUM> can, as shown in <FIG>, have a sealed distal end 1106d. The sealed distal end 1106d can help prevent fluid surrounding the outer extension tube <NUM> and the outer tube <NUM> from coming into contact with the electrical leads <NUM> within the jacket <NUM> in the unlikely event that fluid passes into the outer extension tube <NUM> or the outer tube <NUM>. The sealed distal end 1106d can thus act as a second line of defense to the tubes <NUM>, <NUM> protecting the electrical leads <NUM>. The sealed distal end 1106d can be disposed within the well <NUM>, as in <FIG>, which as mentioned above can be disposed within a nozzle. In an exemplary embodiment, the sealed distal end 1106d is positioned adjacent to the closed end of the well <NUM> such that the heating element <NUM> extends through an entire length of the well <NUM>.

The heating element's distal end 1106d can be sealed in a variety of ways. In the illustrated embodiment, the heating element's distal end 1106d is mechanically sealed using a non-conductive stopper <NUM> disposed therein. The illustrated non-conductive stopper <NUM> is rubber, but it can be formed from any number of other materials. The stopper <NUM> can be configured to be disposed within the jacket <NUM> to act as a barrier between the electrical leads <NUM> and external fluid in the event of a leak.

As an additional or alternative measure of protection, the distal-most end of the jacket <NUM> can be configured to be rolled or folded into itself and secured around the electrical leads <NUM>. The jacket's distal end can be temporarily heated to facilitate the rolling thereof around the leads <NUM>. The distal ends of the electrical leads <NUM> (e.g., about <NUM> in. thereof) can be trimmed or otherwise removed, as shown in <FIG>, such that the leads <NUM> terminate at a location proximal to the distal folded end of the jacket. The folded or rolled end with thus act as an additional barrier, and it can also help provide room for the stopper <NUM> to be secured within the distal end of the jacket <NUM>.

In another embodiment, as shown in <FIG>, a heating element <NUM> can include a jacket <NUM> having a distal end 1202d that is ultrasonically welded to form a seal. The jacket's proximal end 1202p is similarly sealed in the illustrated embodiment, but the proximal end 1202p can be left open to facilitate connection of the heating element's electrical leads <NUM> to a source of electrical power. <FIG> also shows the jacket <NUM> as a standalone element (pre-seal) to the left of the sealed heating element <NUM>, and to the left of the standalone element, the jacket <NUM> (pre-seal) having the electrical leads <NUM> disposed therein.

Referring again to the embodiment of <FIG>, the heating assembly <NUM> can include a heat transfer element <NUM>, shown in <FIG>, configured to facilitate the transfer of heat from the heating element <NUM> to outside the heating assembly <NUM>, e.g., to fluid outside the heating assembly <NUM>. In an exemplary embodiment, the heat transfer element <NUM> can be disposed in a space <NUM> (see <FIG>) surrounding the heating element <NUM> within the outer extension tube <NUM>, e.g., in a gap defined between an exterior surface of the heating element <NUM> and an interior surface of the outer extension tube <NUM>, so as to be in surrounding relation to the heating element <NUM>. The heat transfer element <NUM> can transfer heat better than air, e.g., transferring heat in a range of about <NUM>° to <NUM>° more than air, which can help the heating assembly <NUM> better heat fluid of a fluid dispensing system, thereby allowing the fluid dispensing system to function better in cold environments.

The heat transfer element <NUM> can have a variety of sizes, shapes, and configurations. In illustrated embodiment, the heat transfer element <NUM> is a conductive member that is configured to seat the heating element <NUM> therein. The conductive member can be made from a variety of conductive materials, as will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art, such as a metal (e.g., aluminum, copper, etc.) or a conductive polymer. The heat transfer element <NUM> in the illustrated embodiment is made from aluminum. The heat transfer element <NUM> is configured to seat the heating element <NUM> in a hollowed interior <NUM> extending longitudinally therealong, as shown in <FIG>. In an exemplary embodiment, the hollowed interior <NUM> has an inner diameter that closely conforms to an outer diameter of the heating element <NUM> such that the components are in direct contact with one another to facilitate the transfer of heat. In other embodiments, the heat transfer element can include or be in the form of a heat transfer epoxy or a heat transfer paste that is delivered into the well <NUM> around the heating element <NUM>. The well <NUM> can have a closed distal end, which can facilitate containment of the epoxy or the paste within the outer extension tube <NUM>.

The outer extension tube <NUM>, e.g., the well <NUM> thereof, can be configured to seat an entirety of the heat transfer element <NUM> therein, as shown in <FIG>. The heat transfer element <NUM> can thus be configured to facilitate transfer of heat from the heating element <NUM> through the outer extension tube <NUM> to the environment surrounding the outer extension tube <NUM> where fluid can be located when the heating assembly <NUM> is coupled to a nozzle and a hose.

<FIG> illustrates the heating assembly <NUM> coupled to an embodiment of a hose <NUM> configured to couple to a swivel (not shown) on a fuel dispenser. The hose <NUM> and the swivel can generally be configured and used similar to other hoses and swivels described herein. Examples of the hose <NUM> include the Elaflex EFL <NUM> hose and the Flextral PE60-<NUM> hose. Examples of the swivel include the Franklin SS Omni DEF1X34P and the Franklin SS Omni DEF1M34.

As shown in <FIG>, the outer tube <NUM> of the heating assembly <NUM> (e.g., the flexible portion of the heating assembly's longitudinal length) is configured to be substantially contained within the hose <NUM> and thus extends along an entire length of the hose. The outer extension tube <NUM> (e.g., the rigid portion of the heating assembly's longitudinal length) is configured to be located substantially outside the hose <NUM>. The outer extension tube <NUM> is thus configured to be substantially contained within a nozzle (not shown) coupled to the swivel. The outer extension tube <NUM> thus has a proximal end that is positioned adjacent to a distal end of the outer tube <NUM> and adjacent to an opening in a nozzle, and the outer extension tube <NUM> extends through a substantial length of the nozzle.

As mentioned above, the outer extension tube's longitudinal length <NUM> can vary based on a type of nozzle coupled thereto. <FIG> illustrate the hose <NUM> and the heating assembly <NUM> of <FIG> with an embodiment of a swivel <NUM> configured to attach to the hose's distal end and with an embodiment of a nozzle <NUM> having a proximal end configured to attach to the swivel <NUM>. The swivel <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment includes an Elaflex ZVA, but as mentioned herein, other swivels can be used. The nozzle <NUM> in this illustrated embodiment includes an OPW 19DEF nozzle, but as mentioned herein, other types of nozzles can be attached to the heating assembly <NUM> and to other embodiments of heating assemblies described herein. As shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, the heating assembly <NUM> can be configured to be entirely contained within the nozzle <NUM> and the hose <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrate the hose <NUM> and the swivel <NUM> of <FIG> with another embodiment of an outer extension tube <NUM> that is part of a heating assembly (a reminder of which is obscured in <FIG>) and another embodiment of a nozzle <NUM> having a proximal end configured to attach to the swivel <NUM>. The nozzle <NUM> in the illustrated embodiment is a OPW 21GU nozzle, but as mentioned herein, other types of nozzles can be attached to this heating assembly and to other embodiments of heating assemblies described herein. The nozzle <NUM> of <FIG> has a smaller amount of space available at a proximal end thereof than the nozzle <NUM> of <FIG>. Accordingly, the outer extension tube <NUM> of <FIG> has a longitudinal length that is less than the longitudinal length <NUM> of the outer extension tube <NUM> of <FIG>, thereby allowing the outer extension tube <NUM> to be seated within the nozzle <NUM>.

As mentioned above, a heating element of a heating assembly can be coupled to a power supply and a control that are configured to provide power to the heating element. <FIG> illustrates a system including the power supply and control <NUM> of <FIG> configured to provide power to a heating element <NUM> of a heating assembly that also includes an outer extension tube (not shown), an optional heat transfer element (not shown), and an outer tube <NUM> having the heating element <NUM> extending longitudinally through an inner passageway <NUM> thereof. The system of <FIG> is similar to the system of <FIG> except that it includes the heating assembly and does not include the inner tube <NUM> of the hose <NUM>, the air supply, or air flowing through the outer tube <NUM> of hose <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates another embodiment of a system including another embodiment of a power supply and control <NUM> configured to provide power to a heating element <NUM> of a heating assembly that also includes an outer extension tube <NUM>, an optional heat transfer element (not shown), and an outer tube <NUM> having the heating element <NUM> extending longitudinally through an inner passageway <NUM> thereof. The system also includes a hose <NUM>, a nozzle <NUM> configured to have the outer extension tube <NUM> disposed substantially therein and configured to couple to a distal end of the hose <NUM>, a swivel <NUM> configured to couple the hose <NUM> and the nozzle <NUM> together, and a fluid meter <NUM>. The fluid meter <NUM> can have an inlet <NUM> configured to couple to a fluid supply (not shown), a valve <NUM> configured to facilitate fluid flow therethrough, and a filter <NUM> having a second heating element <NUM> wrapped therearound and extending through the fluid meter <NUM>. The second heating element <NUM> can be configured to heat the fluid flowing through the fluid meter <NUM> prior to the fluid entering the hose <NUM>. The power supply and control <NUM> can include a heating module <NUM> coupled to a power connector <NUM> configured to connect to a power supply, e.g., a battery, a power outlet, etc..

A fluid dispensing device that includes a plurality of nozzles can include a heating assembly, according to any of the embodiments of heating assemblies described herein, for each of the nozzles so as to include a plurality of heating assemblies. In an exemplary embodiment, each of the plurality of heating assemblies can be the same as one another.

Claim 1:
A combination of a heating assembly (<NUM>), a fuel dispenser hose (<NUM>) and a nozzle (<NUM>), the heating assembly (<NUM>) comprising:
a conductive outer extension tube (<NUM>) having a first end (1102p) with a well (<NUM>) formed therein, the well (<NUM>) extending at least partially through the conductive outer extension tube (<NUM>);
a flexible outer tube (<NUM>) having a longitudinal passageway extending therethrough, a first end (1104d) of the flexible outer tube (<NUM>) being coupled to the first end (1102p) of the conductive outer extension tube (<NUM>);
a conductive inner extension tube (<NUM>) extending through the conductive outer extension tube (<NUM>), the conductive inner extension tube (<NUM>) having a first end mated to the first end (1102p) of the conductive outer extension tube (<NUM>); and
a heating element (<NUM>) extending longitudinally through the longitudinal passageway of the flexible outer tube (<NUM>) and extending at least partially through a longitudinal passageway (<NUM>) in the conductive inner extension tube (<NUM>), the heating element (<NUM>) being configured to heat fluid surrounding the conductive outer extension tube (<NUM>);
wherein the flexible outer tube (<NUM>) is configured to be substantially contained within the fuel dispenser hose (<NUM>) and extend along an entire length of the fuel dispenser hose (<NUM>);
the conductive outer extension tube (<NUM>) is configured to be located substantially outside of the fuel dispenser hose (<NUM>) and to be substantially contained within the nozzle (<NUM>) coupled to the fuel dispenser hose (<NUM>); and
the first end (1102p) of the conductive outer extension tube (<NUM>) is positioned adjacent to an opening in the nozzle (<NUM>), and the conductive outer extension tube (<NUM>) extends through a substantial length of the nozzle (<NUM>).