Patent Description:
The gases temperature supplied to a patient when the patient is undergoing treatment such as oxygen therapy or positive pressure treatment for conditions such as Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is often measured for safety and to enable controlling of the humidity delivered to the patient. Measurement of temperature near the patient is commonly performed using a probe inserted into the breathing tube, such as that of<CIT> and <CIT>. Such a temperature probe is connected to the humidifier through a cable that runs external to the breathing circuit. This approach has some drawbacks. In particular, the user must correctly install the temperature probe. If the probe is not correctly installed then the humidification system may malfunction which may increase risk to the patient. Existing end of breathing tube sensors require sensor wires to be run down the outside of the breathing tube. This lowers reliability of the sensors due to the vulnerability of these wires. Alternatively, if these wires are run down the inside of the breathing tube there would be an increase of the resistance to airflow and the hygiene of the breathing circuit would be lowered.

<CIT> discloses temperature sensors in a conduit with a heating element to deliver gases to a patient.

<CIT> discloses a temperature sensor to sense temperature of an inhaled gas close to the patient.

<CIT> discloses a thermal sensor mounted on the inside surface of a patient mask. <CIT> discloses a thermistor removable positioned in an inspiratory line, downstream of a heater.

<CIT> discloses a temperature sensor in contact with the housing of a device to deliver gases to a patient, but not in contact with the flow of respiratory gas.

The present disclosure provides a way of measuring properties of gases supplied to a patient that goes some way to overcoming the abovementioned disadvantages in the prior art or which will at least provide the industry with a useful choice.

The invention is defined by the independent claim. Preferred embodiments are listed in the dependent claims.

Accordingly in a first aspect the present invention consists in an apparatus for measuring properties of gases being supplied to a patient comprising:.

Preferably said electrical circuit is connected in series with said heater wire and provides a measurement or enables a calculation of an indication of at least one of temperature, humidity, pressure and composition of said gases.

Preferably said electrical circuit is mounted and sealed on a printed circuit board that at least partially extends into the gases supplied to said patient through said at least one delivery conduit.

Preferably said electrical circuit is at least partially moulded into the wall of said delivery conduit.

Preferably said electrical circuit includes a sensing means with known properties at ambient temperature such that said sensing means can be matched with said at least one delivery conduit.

Preferably said sensing means is a temperature sensor.

Preferably said electrical circuit includes at least one measuring means in series with said heater wire.

Preferably said at least measuring means is a temperature measuring means.

Preferably said temperature measuring means includes a thermistor and diode in , parallel and a reference resistor.

Preferably said thermistor and said diode are located at the end of said delivery conduit near to said patient and said reference resistor is included in said gases supply means.

Preferably said gases supply means includes a device to supply gas flow, such as a blower, and a humidifier to humidify said gases from said blower.

Preferably said gases supply means is a humidifier.

Preferably said electrical circuit includes a gases property measuring means.

Preferably said gases property measuring means includes at least one of a sensor, band pass filter or thermistor and at least one reference resistor.

Preferably said at least one of a sensor, band pass filter or thermistor are located at the end of said delivery conduit near to said patient and said at least one reference resistor and at least one band pass filter is included in said gases supply means.

The invention consists in the foregoing and also envisages constructions of which the following gives examples.

Preferred forms of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention seeks to measure various properties, for example temperature or humidity, at the end of a gas delivery tube or conduit using sensors mounted on a wire, such as a wire used for heating the gases flow through the tube or conduit, where the wire resides within the delivery tube or conduit. A heated tube with a heating wire such as that described in Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited <CIT> or any other similar tube and heating wire could be utilised with the present invention.

Referring to <FIG> a ventilation and humidifying system as might be used with the present invention is shown. A patient <NUM> is receiving humidified and pressurised gases through a nasal cannula <NUM> connected to a humidified gases transportation pathway or inspiratory conduit <NUM> that in turn is connected to a humidifier <NUM> (including humidification chamber <NUM>) supplied with gases from a blower <NUM> or other appropriate gases supply means.

The inspiratory conduit <NUM> is connected to the outlet <NUM> of the humidification chamber <NUM> that contains a volume of water <NUM>. The humidification chamber <NUM> is preferably formed from a plastics material and may have a highly heat conductive base (for example an aluminium base) that is in direct contact with a heater plate <NUM> of humidifier <NUM>. The humidifier <NUM> is provided with control means or an electronic controller <NUM> that may comprise a microprocessor based controller executing computer software commands stored in associated memory. Gases flowing through the inspiratory conduit <NUM> are passed to the patient by way of the nasal cannula <NUM>, but may also be passed to the patient by way of other patient interfaces such as a nasal or full face mask.

The controller <NUM> receives input from sources such as user input means or dial <NUM> through which a user of the device may, for example, set a predetermined required value (preset value) of humidity or temperature of the gases supplied to patient <NUM>. In response to the user set humidity or temperature value input via dial <NUM> and other possible inputs such as internal sensors that sense gases flow or temperature, or by parameters calculated in the controller, controller <NUM> determines when (or to what level) to energise heater plate <NUM> to heat the water <NUM> within humidification chamber <NUM>. As the volume of water <NUM> within humidification chamber <NUM> is heated, water vapour begins to fill the volume of the chamber above the surface of the water and is passed out of the humidification chamber <NUM> outlet <NUM> with the flow of gases (for example air) provided from a gases supply means or blower <NUM> which enters the humidification chamber <NUM> through inlet <NUM>.

The blower <NUM> may be provided with a variable speed pump or fan <NUM> which draws air or other gases through the blower inlet <NUM>. The speed of the variable speed pump or fan <NUM> may be controlled by a further control means or electronic controller <NUM> which responds either to inputs from controller <NUM> or to user-set predetermined required values (preset values) of pressure or fan speed, via dial <NUM>. Alternatively, the function of this controller <NUM> can be combined with the other controller <NUM>.

A heating element or wire <NUM> is preferably provided within, around and throughout the conduit or tubing <NUM> to help prevent condensation of the humidified gases within the conduit. Such condensation is due to the temperature of the walls of the conduit being close to the ambient temperature, (being the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere) which is usually lower than the temperature of the humidified gases within the conduit. The heater element effectively replaces the energy lost from the gases through conduction and convection during transit through the conduit. Thus the conduit heater element ensures the gases delivered are at an optimal temperature and humidity.

Such a heater wire is commonly driven either with direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) and in both cases the heating voltage is usually switched on and off to control the power applied to the heating element. In the present invention the heating element <NUM>, which is most preferably a wire, is used along with an electronic circuit to determine properties of the gases supplied to the patient. The circuit (<NUM> or <NUM> in <FIG> and <FIG>) is preferably connected in series with the heater wire <NUM>. The circuit may be on a printed circuit board, or wired within a housing that may be a plastic moulding in the gases flow, or a circuit board that is at least partially moulded within the wall of the conduit or tubing <NUM>. The properties that may be measured include temperature, pressure, gas composition and humidity. Two embodiments of the present invention are described below, one that operates using only a DC heating voltage and the other that can operate with a DC or AC heating voltage.

<FIG> shows a circuit <NUM> that may be utilised for carrying out the method of measuring temperature of the present invention. When a DC heating voltage <NUM> is applied to the heater wire the diode <NUM> conducts and current flows through the heater wire <NUM>, <NUM> and the heater wire functions as normal and provides heating to the delivery tube <NUM>. When the heating voltage <NUM> is switched off using switch <NUM>, a measurement voltage <NUM>, which has opposite polarity to the heating voltage <NUM> is applied to the heater wire. In this case, the current in the heater wire <NUM>, <NUM> does not flow through the diode <NUM> but flows through the thermistor <NUM> and through a reference resistor <NUM>. The voltage across the reference resistor <NUM> can then be measured at the output <NUM> and the temperature of the gases determined. The voltage measurement <NUM> across the reference resistor, <NUM>, is converted to a temperature using a look up table or an equation to calculate a value for temperature. This is similar to a commonly used technique where the thermistor <NUM> forms a potential divider with the reference resistor <NUM>.

More generally, the thermistor may be replaced by an impedance (for example, a resistor and a capacitive sensor) for pressure or humidity measurement. Either the impedance can be measured by measuring the voltage across the reference resistor <NUM> or the rise-time could be determined by looking at the voltage across the reference resistor <NUM> in time.

Part of the circuit <NUM> would be included in the delivery conduit <NUM> and in particular the diode <NUM> and thermistor <NUM> (in parallel with one another) are preferably placed in series with the heater wire <NUM>, <NUM> at a point in the heater wire at or near the end <NUM> (nearest the user <NUM>, see <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG>) of the delivery tube <NUM>, for example they may be interconnected on a printed circuit board, overmoulded with plastic for sealing and mounted in the gases stream through the delivery conduit as shown in <FIG>. Furthermore, the circuit may be formed by interconnected parts in a housing, for example, a plastic housing, that protrudes from the plastic wall of the delivery tube into the gases flow through the conduit, in order to measure that gases properties. All other parts of the circuit <NUM> including the reference resistor <NUM> and the switching circuitry <NUM> would be included in the control circuitry of the humidifier <NUM>.

The thermistor's value can be chosen to have different resistance curves with known properties at ambient temperature. The choice of a particular thermistor value for use with the circuit allows identification by the control system of the present invention and matching of that thermistor value with a specific conduit or tubing <NUM>. Such that different thermistor values can be matched with a particular and appropriate conduit types and upon connection of the conduit to a humidifier or blower device, the control system can identify that thermistor and apply the appropriate control strategy to the heating of the conduit.

The circuit shown in <FIG> is intended to be used when a DC heating voltage is used in conjunction with the heater wire, delivery conduit and system as shown in <FIG>. An alternative embodiment of a circuit <NUM> that would provide measurement of the gases properties, such as temperature and is suitable for AC and DC voltages, is shown in <FIG>. A number of voltage signals <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, which are at different frequencies, are added together at an adder <NUM>. These signals include at least one heating signal <NUM> and at least one measuring signal <NUM>. The combination of these signals passes down the heater wire <NUM>, creating currents (heating and measuring) in the heater wire <NUM>. A number of parallel paths are established <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> each containing a filter (for example, as shown in <FIG>, one low pass filter <NUM> and three band pass filters <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) that each pass a different frequency range. These parallel paths (that is, filters, thermistors and/or sensors) are preferably located at the end <NUM> of the delivery tube <NUM>, in a similar manner as described in relation to <FIG>. The parallel paths allow the heating current to be passed through a different path to the measurement currents. It also allows multiple measurement signals to be passed through the heater wire so that different properties of the gases (e.g. temperature, pressure, humidity, composition) may be measured.

The heating and measurement currents return through the heater wire <NUM> and can be filtered through a number of measurement filters <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> in parallel that pass frequency bands that correspond to the filters, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> located at the end <NUM> of the tube <NUM>. The heating current takes a different path than the measurement currents. The measurement currents each take a different path depending on their frequency and this allows each measurement current to be measured by passing it through a reference resistor <NUM>, <NUM> or similar. Again a look up table or equation may be used to convert the voltage across the reference resistor <NUM>, <NUM> to, for example, a temperature. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention the measurement filters <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> would be included in the humidifier <NUM> control circuitry.

In a further embodiment one or more of the sensing elements <NUM>, <NUM> at the end <NUM> of the delivery tube <NUM> could be replaced by a fixed impedance to allow identification of the tube so that different control algorithms can be used for different conduits or tubes.

<FIG> shows a cutaway view of a conduit <NUM> with a printed circuit board <NUM> housing the parts to one of the circuits of the present invention described above with reference to <FIG> or <FIG>. The circuit board <NUM> is connected to the heating wires <NUM>, <NUM> and as such is positioned within the conduit <NUM>. In this manner, the thermistor <NUM> included on the board <NUM> is exposed to the gases flowing through the conduit <NUM> and can provide measurements of the properties of the gases.

The circuits and method of the present invention can be applied to a number of applications of these technologies for humidification and breathing circuit products. For example, the measurement of the temperature or humidity at the end of the delivery tube (or in a patient interface, for example, nasal cannula or mask) can be used to better control the humidifier, such that a more accurate temperature of gases can be supplied to the patient, providing optimal patient comfort and therapy. Additionally, other gases properties may be measured, such as the gases pressure or gas composition near the patient.

Claim 1:
A delivery conduit (<NUM>) for supplying a flow of gases from a gases supply means to a patient,
the delivery conduit comprising a part of an electrical circuit (<NUM>),
wherein the part of an electrical circuit (<NUM>) includes
a heater wire (<NUM>,<NUM>) to heat to the gases flowing through the delivery conduit (<NUM>); and
a temperature sensor (<NUM>) connected in series with the heater wire (<NUM>,<NUM>), and positioned at or near the end (<NUM>) of the delivery conduit (<NUM>) nearest the patient (<NUM>),
wherein the part of the electrical circuit (<NUM>) is adapted to be used to provide measurements of a temperature of the flow of gases supplied to the patient through the delivery conduit (<NUM>), and
wherein the part of an electrical circuit includes a diode (<NUM>) in parallel with the temperature sensor (<NUM>).