Patent Description:
Sound is generated by numerous sources when a firearm is discharged or otherwise fired. For example, high-temperature and high-pressure propellant gases escaping and expanding from the muzzle of the firearm can generate a shockwave that produces a loud muzzle blast. Sound suppressors are often used with firearms to slow or cool down the escaping propellant gas, thereby reducing the amount of noise (e.g., sound intensity or volume) generated when the firearm is discharged. Such suppressors often employ baffles, spacers, or packing material to affect the slowing or cooling down of the escaping propellant gas.

While known firearm sound suppressors have proven acceptable for their intended purposes, a continuous need for improvement in the relevant art remains.

<CIT> describes a noise suppressor for a firearm having a front end and at least one protrusion extending from the front end. The suppressor has successive poly-conical baffles which removably interlock with each other.

The invention is defined in the attached independent claim to which reference should now be made. Further, optional features may be found in the sub-claims appended thereto.

One non-claimed aspect of the disclosure may provide a sound suppressor for a firearm. The sound suppressor may include a housing, an outer shell, an inner shell, and an intermediate member. The housing may extend along, and be disposed about, a central axis. The outer shell may be concentrically disposed within the housing. The inner shell may be concentrically disposed within the outer shell and define a plurality of first apertures. The intermediate member may be disposed between the inner shell and the outer shell and formed at least in part from an acoustic metamaterial.

Implementations of the disclosure may include one or more of the following optional features. In some implementations, each of the first apertures defines a maximum dimension extending across the first aperture. The maximum dimension may be less than one millimeter. In some implementations, the maximum dimension is less than a half millimeter. Each of the first apertures may extend through a thickness of the inner shell. The thickness may be greater than two hundred percent of the maximum dimension.

In some implementations, at least one of the inner shell or the outer shell is formed from one of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

In some implementations, the sound suppressor includes a sleeve disposed within the inner shell and including a plurality of undulations defining a plurality of second apertures. The sleeve may define a central passage in fluid communication with the plurality of first apertures and the plurality of second apertures. Each of the second apertures may define a second maximum dimension extending across the second aperture. The second maximum dimension may be less than one millimeter. In some implementations, the second maximum dimension is less than a half millimeter. In some implementations, each of the second apertures extends through a thickness of the sleeve. The thickness may be greater than two hundred percent of the second maximum dimension. The sleeve may be formed from one of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. In some implementations, each of the plurality of undulations defines a U-shape or a V-shape.

Another non-claimed aspect of the disclosure may provide a sound suppressor for a firearm. The sound suppressor may include a housing and a door. The housing may extend from a proximal end to a distal end along a central passage. The proximal end may be configured to receive the firearm. The distal end may define an exit opening. The door may be pivotally supported by the housing for rotation between an open position and a closed position. The door may at least partially block the exit opening in the closed position and be configured to rotate from the open position to the closed position upon passage of a projectile through the exit opening.

Implementations of this aspect of the disclosure may include one or more of the following optional features. In some implementations, the sound suppressor includes a biasing member operable to rotate the door from the closed position to the open position after passage of the projectile through the exit opening.

In some implementations, the sound suppressor includes an outer shell, an inner shell, and an intermediate member. The outer shell may be concentrically disposed within the housing. The inner shell may be concentrically disposed within the outer shell and defining a plurality of apertures. The intermediate member may be disposed between the inner shell and the outer shell and formed at least in part from an acoustic metamaterial. Each of the apertures may define a maximum dimension extending across the aperture. The maximum dimension may be less than one millimeter.

In some implementations, the sound suppressor includes a sleeve disposed within the housing. The sleeve may include a plurality of undulations defining a plurality of apertures in fluid communication with the central passage. Each of the plurality of undulations may define a U-shape or a V-shape. Each of the apertures may define a maximum dimension extending across the aperture. The maximum dimension may be less than one millimeter.

An aspect of the disclosure provides a sound suppressor for a firearm. The sound suppressor includes a housing and a first sleeve. The housing extends along, and is disposed about, a central axis. The first sleeve is concentrically disposed within the housing and defines a plurality of first undulations collectively disposed about the central axis. Each first undulation defines a plurality of first apertures.

Implementations of this aspect of the disclosure may include one or more of the following optional features. In some implementations, each of the first apertures defines a first maximum dimension extending across the first aperture. In some implementations, the first maximum dimension is less than one millimeter. In some implementations, the first maximum dimension is less than a half millimeter.

In some implementations, the sound suppressor includes a second sleeve. The second sleeve may be concentrically disposed within the first sleeve and may define a plurality of second undulations disposed about the central axis. Each second undulation may define a plurality of second apertures. Each of the second apertures may define a second maximum dimension extending across the second aperture. In some implementations, the second maximum dimension is less than one millimeter. Each of the first apertures may extend through a thickness of the first sleeve. The thickness may be greater than two hundred percent of the first maximum dimension.

In some implementations, at least one of the first sleeve or the second sleeve is formed from one of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

In some implementations, each of the plurality of first undulations defines a U-shape or a V-shape.

A further non-claimed aspect of the disclosure may provide a sound suppressor for a firearm. The sound suppressor may include a housing and a first sleeve. The housing may define a first central passage. The first sleeve may be disposed within the first central passage and may include a plurality of first undulations defining a second central passage. Each first undulation may define a plurality of first apertures in fluid communication with the first central passage and the second central passage.

Implementations of this aspect of the disclosure may include one or more of the following optional features. In some implementations, each of the first apertures defines a first maximum dimension extending across the first aperture. The first maximum dimension may be less than one millimeter. In some implementations, the first maximum dimension is less than a half millimeter.

In some implementations, the sound suppressor includes a second sleeve. The second sleeve may be disposed within the second central passage and may include a plurality of second undulations defining a third central passage. Each second undulation may define a plurality of second apertures in fluid communication with the second central passage and the third central passage. Each of the second apertures may define a second maximum dimension extending across the second aperture. In some implementations, the second maximum dimension is less than one millimeter.

Each of the first apertures may extend through a thickness of the first sleeve. The thickness may be greater than two hundred percent of the first maximum dimension.

Yet another non-claimed aspect of the disclosure provides a sound suppressor for a firearm. The sound suppressor may include a housing and a first sleeve. The first sleeve may be disposed within the housing and may include a first inner surface and a first outer surface. At least one of the first inner surface or the first outer surface may define a plurality of first undulations. Each first undulation may define a plurality of first apertures extending through the first inner surface and the first outer surface.

In some implementations, the sound suppressor includes a second sleeve. The second sleeve may be disposed within the first sleeve and may include a second inner surface and a second outer surface. At least one of the second inner surface or the second outer surface may define a plurality of second undulations. Each second undulation may define a plurality of second apertures extending through the second inner surface and the second outer surface. Each of the second apertures may define a second maximum dimension extending across the second aperture. In some implementations, the second maximum dimension is less than one millimeter.

Another non-claimed aspect of the present disclosure provides a sound suppressor kit for a firearm. The sound suppressor kit includes a housing, a first shell assembly, and a second shell assembly. The first shell assembly is configured to be removably coupled to the housing and configured to reduce a volume of a first sound having a first frequency. The second shell assembly is configured to be removably coupled to the housing and configured to reduce a volume of a second sound having a second frequency that is different than the first frequency.

Implementations of this aspect of the disclosure may include one or more of the following optional features. In some implementations, the housing defines an opening and a passage in fluid communication with the opening. The first shell assembly and the second shell assembly may each be configured to be removably inserted through the opening and into the passage.

The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of selected configurations and not all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

With reference to <FIG>, a firearm system <NUM>, including a firearm <NUM> and a sound suppressor <NUM>, is shown. While the firearm <NUM> is shown as being a pistol-type firearm, it will be appreciated that the firearm system <NUM> may include other types of firearms <NUM> within the scope of the present disclosure.

With reference to <FIG>, the sound suppressor <NUM> may include a housing <NUM>, an endcap <NUM>, one or more inner sleeves <NUM>, one or more baffles <NUM>, an expansion device <NUM>, and an insulator <NUM>. The housing <NUM> may extend along a longitudinal axis A1 and include a proximal end <NUM>, a distal end <NUM>, an inner surface <NUM>, and an outer surface <NUM>. The distal end <NUM> may be opposite the proximal end <NUM>. The housing <NUM> may be formed from one or more of a variety of materials, including, for example, aluminum, steel, or another suitable metal material.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> may surround and extend along the longitudinal axis A1 from the proximal end <NUM> to the distal end <NUM>, such that the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> define a thickness T1 (<FIG>) extending therebetween in a direction substantially perpendicular to the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. Accordingly, the inner surface <NUM> may define a passage <NUM> extending through the housing <NUM> from the proximal end <NUM> to the distal end <NUM>. The proximal end <NUM> of the housing <NUM> may define an entrance opening <NUM>, while the distal end <NUM> of the housing <NUM> may define an exit opening <NUM>. In this regard, the entrance opening <NUM> may be in fluid communication with the exit opening <NUM> through the passage <NUM>.

In some implementations, the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> each define a cylinder or a polygonal prism, such that the thickness T1 is uniform along and about the longitudinal axis A1. It will be appreciated, however, that the inner or outer surface <NUM>, <NUM> may define other shapes within the scope of the present disclosure, such that the thickness T1 varies along or about the longitudinal axis A1.

A portion of the inner or outer surface <NUM>, <NUM> may include a threaded portion <NUM> for securing the housing <NUM> to the endcap <NUM>. For example, as illustrated in <FIG>, in some implementations, the outer surface <NUM> includes a male threaded portion <NUM> extending from the proximal end <NUM> along and about the longitudinal axis A1.

As illustrated in <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>, the housing <NUM> may define a plurality of perforations or apertures <NUM> extending through the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. In some implementations, the apertures <NUM> define a circular or cylindrical shape extending through the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. In this regard, the apertures <NUM> may define a diameter greater than <NUM> millimeters. In particular, the apertures <NUM> may define a diameter greater than <NUM> millimeter. The apertures <NUM> may collectively define one or more patterns extending along or about the longitudinal axis A1. For example, in some implementations, the apertures <NUM> may collectively define a helical pattern extending from the proximal end <NUM> to the distal end <NUM>. In some implementations, a plurality of groups of the apertures <NUM> may each collectively define a circle extending about the longitudinal axis A1, such that the plurality of groups of the apertures <NUM> collectively define (i) a plurality of circular patterns extending about the longitudinal axis A1 and (ii) a plurality of linear patterns extending along (e.g., substantially parallel to) the longitudinal axis A1.

With reference to <FIG>, the endcap <NUM> may extend along a longitudinal axis A2 and include a proximal end <NUM>, a distal end <NUM>, an inner surface <NUM>, and an outer surface <NUM>. The distal end <NUM> may be opposite the proximal end <NUM>. As illustrated in <FIG>, the inner surface <NUM> may surround and extend along the longitudinal axis A2 from the proximal end <NUM> toward the distal end <NUM>. Accordingly, the inner surface <NUM> may define a passage <NUM> extending through the endcap <NUM> from the proximal end <NUM> toward the distal end <NUM>. In some implementations, the distal end <NUM> of the endcap <NUM> may include a counterbore <NUM> defined in part by a shoulder <NUM> extending radially outward from the inner surface <NUM> of the endcap <NUM>. The counterbore <NUM> may include a threaded portion <NUM> extending from the distal end <NUM> toward the shoulder <NUM> to threadingly engage the threaded portion <NUM> of the housing <NUM> in the assembled configuration.

With reference to <FIG>, the one or more inner sleeves <NUM> may include a first inner sleeve 20a and a second inner sleeve 20b. As illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, in the assembled configuration, the first inner sleeve 20a may be disposed within the housing <NUM>, and the second inner sleeve 20b may be disposed within the first inner sleeve 20a.

The first inner sleeve 20a may define a hollow construct extending along a longitudinal axis A3 and having a proximal end <NUM>, a distal end <NUM>, an inner surface <NUM>, and an outer surface <NUM>. In some implementations, the first inner sleeve 20a may define a polygonal prism extending along the longitudinal axis A3. The distal end <NUM> may be opposite the proximal end <NUM>. The first inner sleeve 20a may be formed from one or more of a variety of materials, including, for example, aluminum, steel, or another suitable metal material.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> may surround and extend along the longitudinal axis A3 from the proximal end <NUM> to the distal end <NUM>, such that the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> define a thickness T2 (<FIG>) extending therebetween in a direction substantially perpendicular to the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. Accordingly, the inner surface <NUM> may define a passage <NUM> extending through the first inner sleeve 20a from the proximal end <NUM> to the distal end <NUM>. The proximal end <NUM> of the first inner sleeve 20a may define an entrance opening, while the distal end <NUM> of the first inner sleeve 20a may define an exit opening. In this regard, the entrance opening may be in fluid communication with the exit opening through the passage <NUM>.

In some implementations, the inner or outer surface <NUM>, <NUM> each define a plurality of undulations <NUM> disposed about the longitudinal axis A3. As illustrated in <FIG>, in some implementations, the undulations <NUM> define V-shapes or profiles disposed symmetrically about the longitudinal axis A3. It will be appreciated, however, that the undulations <NUM> may define other shapes (e.g., U-shape, a square wave shape, etc.) within the scope of the present disclosure. In this regard, the inner surface <NUM> may define a plurality of inner peaks <NUM> and inner troughs <NUM> corresponding to, or collectively defining, minimum and maximum diameters, respectively, of the inner surface <NUM>, while the outer surface <NUM> may define a plurality of outer peaks <NUM> and outer troughs <NUM> corresponding to, or collectively defining, minimum and maximum diameters, respectively, of the outer surface <NUM>. While the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> are illustrated to define ten peaks <NUM>, <NUM> and ten troughs <NUM>, <NUM>, it will be appreciated that the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> may define more or less than ten peaks <NUM>, <NUM> or ten troughs <NUM>, <NUM> within the scope of the present disclosure.

Each inner peak <NUM> of the inner surface <NUM> may be aligned with an outer trough <NUM> of the outer surface <NUM>, while each inner trough <NUM> of the inner surface <NUM> may be aligned with an outer peak <NUM> of the outer surface <NUM>. In some implementations, the inner surface <NUM> is substantially parallel to the outer surface <NUM>, and each peak <NUM>, <NUM> and each trough <NUM>, <NUM> extends in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis A3. In this regard, the thickness T2 may be uniform along and about the longitudinal axis A3. It will be appreciated, however, that the inner or outer surface <NUM>, <NUM> may define other shapes, or one or more of the peaks <NUM>, <NUM> or troughs <NUM>, <NUM> may extend in a direction transverse (e.g., helical) to the longitudinal axis A3, within the scope of the present disclosure. In this regard, the thickness T2 may vary along or about the longitudinal axis A3.

As illustrated in <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>, the first inner sleeve 20a may define a plurality of perforations or apertures <NUM> extending through the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. The apertures <NUM> may define a maximum dimension D2 (<FIG>) extending across the apertures <NUM> as the apertures <NUM> extend through the first inner sleeve 20a. The maximum dimension D2 may be less than <NUM> millimeter. In particular, the maximum dimension D2 may be less than <NUM> millimeter. In some implementations, the maximum dimension D2 is less than <NUM> millimeter. The thickness T2 of the first inner sleeve 20a may be between <NUM>% and <NUM>% of the maximum dimension D2 of the apertures <NUM>. In some implementations, the thickness T2 of the first inner sleeve 20a is greater than <NUM>% of the maximum dimension D2 of the apertures <NUM>. In some implementations, the apertures <NUM> define a circular or cylindrical shape extending through the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. In this regard, the maximum dimension D2 may define a diameter D2.

The apertures <NUM> may collectively define one or more patterns extending along or about the longitudinal axis A3. For example, in some implementations, the apertures <NUM> may collectively define a helical pattern extending from the proximal end <NUM> to the distal end <NUM>. In some implementations, a plurality of groups of the apertures <NUM> may each collectively define a circle extending about the longitudinal axis A3, such that the plurality of groups of the apertures <NUM> collectively define (i) a plurality of circular patterns extending about the longitudinal axis A3 and (ii) a plurality of linear patterns extending along (e.g., substantially parallel to) the longitudinal axis A3. In this regard, the distance between each aperture <NUM> and an adjacent aperture <NUM> may be less than <NUM> millimeters. In some implementations, the distance between each aperture <NUM> and an adjacent aperture <NUM> is less than <NUM> millimeters. In this regard, the distance between each aperture <NUM> and an adjacent aperture <NUM> may be between <NUM>% and <NUM>% of the maximum dimension D2 of the apertures <NUM>.

The second inner sleeve 20b may define a hollow construct extending along a longitudinal axis A4 and having a proximal end <NUM>, a distal end <NUM>, an inner surface <NUM>, and an outer surface <NUM>. The distal end <NUM> may be opposite the proximal end <NUM>. The second inner sleeve 20b may be formed from one or more of a variety of materials, including, for example, aluminum, steel, or another suitable metal material.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> may surround and extend along the longitudinal axis A4 from the proximal end <NUM> to the distal end <NUM>, such that the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> define a thickness T3 (<FIG>) extending therebetween in a direction substantially perpendicular to the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. Accordingly, the inner surface <NUM> may define a passage <NUM> extending through the second inner sleeve 20b from the proximal end <NUM> to the distal end <NUM>. The proximal end <NUM> of the second inner sleeve 20b may define an entrance opening, while the distal end <NUM> of the second inner sleeve 20b may define an exit opening. In this regard, the entrance opening may be in fluid communication with the exit opening through the passage <NUM>.

In some implementations, the inner or outer surface <NUM>, <NUM> each define a plurality of undulations <NUM> disposed about the longitudinal axis A4. As illustrated in <FIG>, in some implementations, the undulations <NUM> define U-shapes or profiles disposed symmetrically about the longitudinal axis A4. It will be appreciated, however, that the undulations <NUM> may define other shapes (e.g., V-shape, a square wave shape, etc.) within the scope of the present disclosure. In this regard, the inner surface <NUM> may define a plurality of inner peaks <NUM> and inner troughs <NUM> corresponding to, or collectively defining, minimum and maximum diameters, respectively, of the inner surface <NUM>, while the outer surface <NUM> may define a plurality of outer peaks <NUM> and outer troughs <NUM> corresponding to, or collectively defining, minimum and maximum diameters, respectively, of the outer surface <NUM>. While the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> are illustrated to define ten peaks <NUM>, <NUM> and ten troughs <NUM>, <NUM>, it will be appreciated that the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> may define more or less than ten peaks <NUM>, <NUM> and ten troughs <NUM>, <NUM> within the scope of the present disclosure.

Each inner peak <NUM> of the inner surface <NUM> may be aligned with an outer trough <NUM> of the outer surface <NUM>, while each inner trough <NUM> of the inner surface <NUM> may be aligned with an outer peak <NUM> of the outer surface <NUM>. In some implementations, the inner surface <NUM> is substantially parallel to the outer surface <NUM>, and each peak <NUM>, <NUM> and each trough <NUM>, <NUM> extends in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis A4. In this regard, the thickness T3 may be uniform along and about the longitudinal axis A4. It will be appreciated, however, that the inner or outer surface <NUM>, <NUM> may define other shapes, or one or more of the peaks <NUM>, <NUM> or troughs <NUM>, <NUM> may extend in a direction transverse (e.g., helical) to the longitudinal axis A4, within the scope of the present disclosure. In this regard, the thickness T3 may vary along or about the longitudinal axis A4.

As illustrated in <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>, the second inner sleeve 20b may define a plurality of perforations or apertures <NUM> extending through the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. The apertures <NUM> may define a maximum dimension D3 extending across the apertures <NUM> as the apertures <NUM> extend through the second inner sleeve 20b. The maximum dimension D3 may be less than <NUM> millimeter. In particular, the maximum dimension D3 may be less than <NUM> millimeter. In some implementations, the maximum dimension D3 is less than <NUM> millimeter. The thickness T3 of the second inner sleeve 20b may be between <NUM>% and <NUM>% of the maximum dimension D3 of the apertures <NUM>. In some implementations, the thickness T3 of the second inner sleeve 20b is greater than <NUM>% of the maximum dimension D3 of the apertures <NUM>. In some implementations, the apertures <NUM> define a circular or cylindrical shape extending through the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. In this regard, the maximum dimension D3 may define a diameter D3.

The apertures <NUM> may collectively define one or more patterns extending along or about the longitudinal axis A4. For example, in some implementations, the apertures <NUM> may collectively define a helical pattern extending from the proximal end <NUM> to the distal end <NUM>. In some implementations, a plurality of groups of the apertures <NUM> may each collectively define a circle extending about the longitudinal axis A4, such that the plurality of groups of the apertures <NUM> collectively define (i) a plurality of circular patterns extending about the longitudinal axis A4 and (ii) a plurality of linear patterns extending along (e.g., substantially parallel to) the longitudinal axis A4. In this regard, the distance between each aperture <NUM> and an adjacent aperture <NUM> may be less than <NUM> millimeters. In some implementations, the distance between each aperture <NUM> and an adjacent aperture <NUM> is less than <NUM> millimeters. In this regard, the distance between each aperture <NUM> and an adjacent aperture <NUM> may be between <NUM>% and <NUM>% of the diameter D3 of the apertures <NUM>.

With reference to <FIG> and <FIG>, each baffle <NUM> may define a cylindrical construct having a proximal end <NUM>, a distal end <NUM>, an inner surface <NUM>, and an outer surface <NUM>. The distal end <NUM> may be opposite the proximal end <NUM>. The baffles <NUM> may be formed from one or more of a variety of materials, including, for example, aluminum, steel, or another suitable metal material.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> may surround and extend along the longitudinal axis A4 from the proximal end <NUM> to the distal end <NUM>. Accordingly, the inner surface <NUM> may define a passage <NUM> extending through the baffle <NUM> from the proximal end <NUM> to the distal end <NUM>. The proximal end <NUM> of the baffle <NUM> may define an entrance opening, while the distal end <NUM> of the baffle <NUM> may define an exit opening. In this regard, the entrance opening may be in fluid communication with the exit opening through the passage <NUM>.

The expansion device <NUM> may extend along a longitudinal axis A5 and include an inner member 133a and an outer member 133b. The inner and outer members 133a, 133b may each include, respectively, a proximal end 134a, 134b, a distal end 135a, 135b, an inner surface 136a, 136b, and an outer surface 137a, 137b. The distal end 135a, 135b may be opposite the proximal end 134a, 134b, respectively. The expansion device <NUM>, including each of the inner and outer members 133a, 133b, may be formed from one or more of a variety of materials, including, for example, aluminum, steel, or another suitable metal material.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the inner surfaces 136a, 136b and the outer surfaces 137a, 137b may surround and extend along the longitudinal axis A5 from the proximal end 134a, 134b to the distal end 135a, 135b, respectively, such that the inner surfaces 136a, 136b and outer surfaces 137a, 137b define thicknesses T4a, T4b, respectively, (<FIG>) extending therebetween in a direction substantially perpendicular to the inner surfaces 136a, 136b and outer surfaces 137a, 137b. Accordingly, the inner surface 136a of the inner member 133a may define a passage 138a extending therethrough from the proximal end 134a to the distal end 135a, while the inner surface 136b of the outer member 133b may define a passage 138b extending therethrough from the proximal end 134b to the distal end 135b. As illustrated in <FIG>, the inner member 133a may be disposed within (e.g., concentrically) the outer member 133b such that the passage 138b is defined by the outer surface 137a of the inner member 133a and the inner surface 136b of the outer member 133b.

The proximal end 134a, 134b of the inner and outer members 133a, 133b, respectively, may define an entrance opening, while the distal end 135a, 135b of the inner and outer members 133a, 133b, respectively, may define an exit opening 139a, 139b. In this regard, the entrance opening may be in fluid communication with the exit opening 139a, 139b through the passage 138a, 138b, respectively.

In some implementations, the inner surfaces 136a, 136b and the outer surfaces 137a, 137b each define a cylinder or a polygonal prism, such that the thickness T4a, T4b is uniform along and about the longitudinal axis A5. It will be appreciated, however, that the inner surfaces 136a, 136b or outer surfaces 137a, 137b may define other shapes within the scope of the present disclosure, such that the thickness T4a, T4b varies along or about the longitudinal axis A5.

With reference to <FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG>, the insulator <NUM> may define a substantially cylindrical construct having a proximal end <NUM>, a distal end <NUM>, an inner surface <NUM>, and an outer surface <NUM>. The distal end <NUM> may be opposite the proximal end <NUM>. The insulator <NUM> may be formed from one or more of a variety of materials, including, for example, a mineral wool, a steel wool, or other fibrous material.

As previously described, in the assembled configuration, expansion device <NUM> and the first inner sleeve 20a may be disposed within the housing <NUM>. In this regard, the maximum diameter, or other similar dimension, defined by the outer surface 137b of the outer member 133b may be less than or equal to the diameter of the inner surface <NUM> of the housing <NUM>. In this regard, the outer surface 137b of the outer member 133b and the inner surface <NUM> of the housing <NUM> may collectively define a passage <NUM> (<FIG>) extending from the proximal end <NUM> of the housing <NUM> to the distal end 135b of the outer member 133b. In some implementations, the maximum diameter, or other similar dimension, defined by the outer surface 137b of the outer member 133b and the diameter of the inner surface <NUM> of the housing <NUM> may be such that the passage <NUM> is defined by a width extending therebetween in a direction substantially perpendicular to the outer surface 137b and the inner surface <NUM>. In some implementations, the width of the passage is less than or equal to one millimeter.

Similarly, the maximum diameter, or other similar dimension, defined collectively by the outer peaks <NUM>, may be less than or equal to the diameter of the inner surface <NUM> of the housing <NUM>. In some implementations, the maximum diameter defined collectively by the outer peaks <NUM> may be equal to the diameter of the inner surface <NUM> of the housing <NUM> such that the outer surface <NUM> of the first inner sleeve 20a engages the inner surface <NUM> of the housing <NUM> proximate to each of the peaks <NUM>.

Similarly, as previously described, in the assembled configuration, the second inner sleeve 20b may be disposed within the first inner sleeve 20a. As illustrated in <FIG>, in some implementations, each peak <NUM> of the second inner sleeve 20b may be at least partially disposed within a corresponding trough <NUM> of the first inner sleeve 20a, while each peak <NUM> of the first inner sleeve 20a may be at least partially disposed within a corresponding trough <NUM> of the second inner sleeve 20b. In this regard, in some implementations, the maximum diameter defined collectively by the outer peaks <NUM> may be greater than the minimum diameter defined collectively by the inner peaks <NUM> of the first inner sleeve 20a. It will be appreciated, however, that in other configurations, the maximum diameter defined collectively by the outer peaks <NUM> may be less than or equal to the minimum diameter defined collectively by the inner peaks <NUM> of the first inner sleeve 20a. For example, the maximum diameter defined collectively by the outer peaks <NUM> may be equal to the minimum diameter defined collectively by the inner peaks <NUM> of the first inner sleeve 20a such that the outer surface <NUM> of the second inner sleeve 20b engages the inner surface <NUM> of the first inner sleeve 20a proximate to each of the peaks <NUM>, <NUM>.

In some implementations, the first inner sleeve 20a and the expansion device <NUM> are concentrically disposed within the housing <NUM>, and the second inner sleeve 20b is concentrically disposed within the first inner sleeve 20a, such that the longitudinal axis A1 is aligned with the longitudinal axes A2, A5 and the longitudinal axes A2, A5 are aligned with the longitudinal axis A3.

With reference to <FIG>, the baffle(s) <NUM> may be disposed within the housing <NUM> such that (i) the outer surface <NUM> of the baffle <NUM> engages the inner surface <NUM> of the housing <NUM>, (ii) the distal ends 135a, 135b of the inner and outer members 133a, 133b, respectively, engage the proximal end <NUM> of the baffle <NUM>, (iii) the distal ends <NUM>, <NUM> of the first and second inner sleeves 20a, 20b, respectively, engage the proximal end <NUM> of the baffle <NUM>, and (iv) the proximal ends <NUM>, <NUM> of the first and second inner sleeves 20a, 20b, respectively, engage the distal end <NUM> of the baffle <NUM>. In some implementations, the inner or outer members 133a, 133b or the first or second inner sleeves 20a, 20b may be fastened to (e.g., adhesive, welding, etc.), or monolithically formed with, one or more of the baffles <NUM>.

As illustrated in <FIG>, in some implementations, the suppressor <NUM> includes three baffles <NUM> such that suppressor <NUM> defines (i) a first expansion chamber or sound-suppressing region 150a between a first baffle 22a and the proximal end <NUM> of the housing <NUM>, (ii) a second sound-suppressing region 150b between the first baffle 22a and a second baffle 22b, (iii) a third sound-suppressing region 150c between the second baffle 22b and the third baffle 22c, and (iv) a fourth sound-suppressing region 150d between the third baffle 22c and the distal end <NUM> of the housing <NUM>. It will be appreciated, however, that the suppressor <NUM> may include more or less than three baffles <NUM>, such that the suppressor <NUM> defines more or less than four sound-suppressing regions 150a, 150b, 150c, 150d within the scope of the present disclosure.

The insulator <NUM> may be disposed within one or both of the housing <NUM> and the endcap <NUM>. For example, in some implementations, a first portion of the insulator <NUM> is disposed within the housing <NUM> and a second portion of the insulator <NUM> is disposed within the endcap <NUM>. In particular, the first portion of the insulator <NUM> may be disposed within the endcap <NUM> such that (i) the outer surface <NUM> engages the inner surface <NUM> of the endcap <NUM> and (ii) the proximal end <NUM> is aligned (e.g., coplanar or flush) with the proximal end <NUM> of the endcap <NUM>. The second portion of the insulator <NUM> may be disposed within the housing <NUM> such that (i) the outer surface <NUM> engages the inner surface <NUM> of the second inner sleeve 20b and (ii) the distal end <NUM> abuts one of the baffles <NUM>.

With reference to <FIG> and <FIG>, another sound suppressor <NUM>' is shown The structure and function of the sound suppressor <NUM>' may be substantially similar to that of the sound suppressor <NUM>, apart from any exceptions described herein or shown in the Figures. Accordingly, the structure and/or function of similar features will not be described in detail. In addition, like reference numerals are used in the drawings to identify like features, while like reference numerals containing extensions (i.e., " '") are used to identify those features that have been modified.

The sound suppressor <NUM>' may include a housing <NUM>', the endcap <NUM>, one or more inner sleeves <NUM>, one or more baffles <NUM>, the expansion device <NUM>, the insulator <NUM>, and an intermediate shell <NUM>. The housing <NUM>' may define a square or rectangular prism extending along and about the longitudinal axis A1. The shell <NUM> may extend along a longitudinal axis A6 and include a proximal end <NUM>, a distal end <NUM>, an inner surface <NUM>, and an outer surface <NUM>. The distal end <NUM> may be opposite the proximal end <NUM>. The shell <NUM> may be formed from one or more of a variety of materials, including, for example, aluminum, steel, or another suitable metal material.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the inner surface <NUM> and the outer surface <NUM> may surround and extend along the longitudinal axis A6 from the proximal end <NUM> to the distal end <NUM>, such that the inner surface <NUM> defines a passage <NUM> extending through the shell <NUM> from the proximal end <NUM> to the distal end <NUM>.

The proximal end <NUM> may define an entrance opening, while the distal end <NUM> may define an exit opening <NUM>. In this regard, the entrance opening may be in fluid communication with the exit opening <NUM> through the passage <NUM>.

In the assembled configuration, the shell <NUM> may be disposed within (e.g., concentrically) the housing <NUM>' such that the proximal end <NUM> abuts the endcap <NUM>, and the distal end <NUM> abuts the distal end <NUM> of the housing <NUM>'. The outer surface <NUM> of the baffles <NUM> may engage the inner surface <NUM> of the shell <NUM>.

With reference to <FIG>, another sound suppressor <NUM>" is shown. The structure and function of the sound suppressor <NUM>" may be substantially similar to that of the sound suppressors <NUM>, <NUM>', apart from any exceptions described herein or shown in the Figures. Accordingly, the structure and/or function of similar features will not be described in detail. In addition, like reference numerals are used in the drawings to identify like features, while like reference numerals containing extensions (i.e., " " ") are used to identify those features that have been modified.

The sound suppressor <NUM>" may include a housing <NUM>", the endcap <NUM>, one or more of the inner sleeves <NUM>, one or more of the baffles <NUM>, the insulator <NUM>, an intermediate shell assembly <NUM>", and a door assembly <NUM>. In this regard, while the suppressor <NUM>" is generally shown to include multiple inner sleeves 20a and baffles <NUM>, it will be appreciated that the suppressor <NUM>" may include one inner sleeve 20a and no baffles <NUM> within the scope of the present disclosure, such that a single sleeve 20a extends from the proximal end <NUM> of the housing <NUM>" to the distal end <NUM> of the housing <NUM>".

The shell assembly <NUM>" may extend along the longitudinal axis A6 and include an inner shell or member 180a, an outer shell or member 180b, and an intermediate member 180c. As illustrated, the inner, outer, and intermediate members 180a, 180b, 180c may be integrally formed. For example, in some implementations, the shell assembly <NUM>" is a unitary, monolithic piece formed from the inner, outer, and intermediate members 180a, 180b, 180c. In this regard, the shell assembly <NUM>", including each of the inner, outer, and intermediate members 180a, 180b, 180c, may be formed from one or more of a variety of materials, including, for example, aluminum, steel, or another suitable metal material. In some implementations, the shell assembly <NUM>" may form an acoustic metamaterial construct configured to deviate the soundwaves transmitted through the shell assembly <NUM>" and reduce the volume of sound produced by such soundwaves. In particular, the inner, outer, and intermediate members 180a, 180b, 180c may be formed from, or other otherwise define, a material or construct configured to control, direct, and manipulate sound waves. For example, each of the inner, outer, and intermediate members 180a, 180b, 180c may be formed from an acoustic metamaterial configured to deviate the soundwaves transmitted through the inner member 180a and reduce the volume of sound produced by such soundwaves.

The inner and outer members 180a, 180b may each include, respectively, a proximal end 182a, 182b, a distal end 184a, 184b, an inner surface 186a, 186b, and an outer surface 188a, 188b. The distal ends 184a, 184b may be opposite the proximal ends 182a, 182b, respectively. As illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the inner surfaces 186a, 186b and the outer surfaces 188a, 188b may surround and extend along the longitudinal axis A6 from the proximal end 182a, 182b to the distal end 184a, 184b, respectively, such that the inner surfaces 186a, 186b and outer surfaces 188a, 188b define thicknesses T5a, T5b, respectively, (<FIG>) extending therebetween in a direction substantially perpendicular to the inner surfaces 186a, 186b and outer surfaces 188a, 188b. Accordingly, the inner surface 186a of the inner member 180a may define a passage 190a extending therethrough from the proximal end 182a to the distal end 184a, while the inner surface 186b of the outer member 180b may define a passage 190b extending therethrough from the proximal end 182a to the distal end 184a. As illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the inner member 180a may be disposed within (e.g., concentrically) the outer member 180b such that the passage 190b is defined by the outer surface 188a of the inner member 180a and the inner surface 186b of the outer member 180b.

The inner member 180a may define a plurality of perforations or apertures 191a extending through the inner surface 186a and outer surface 188a. In some implementations, the apertures 191a define a circular or cylindrical shape extending through the inner surface 186a and outer surface 188a. In this regard, the apertures 191a may define a diameter greater than <NUM> millimeters. In particular, the apertures 191a may define a diameter greater than <NUM> millimeter. The apertures 191a may collectively define one or more patterns extending along or about the longitudinal axis A6. For example, as illustrated in <FIG>, in some implementations, the apertures 191a define a plurality of circular patterns surrounding, and spaced (e.g., equally spaced) along, the axis A6.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the proximal end 182a, 182b of the inner and outer members 180a, 180b, respectively, may define an entrance opening, while the distal end 184a, 184b of the inner and outer members 180a, 180b, respectively, may define an exit opening 192a, 192b. In this regard, the entrance opening may be in fluid communication with the exit opening 192a, 192b through the passage 190a, 190b, respectively.

In some implementations, the inner surfaces 186a, 186b and the outer surfaces 188a, 188b each define a cylinder or a polygonal prism, such that the thickness T5a, T5b is uniform along and about the longitudinal axis A6. It will be appreciated, however, that the inner surfaces 186a, 186b or outer surfaces 188a, 188b may define other shapes within the scope of the present disclosure, such that the thickness T5a, T5b varies along or about the longitudinal axis A6.

The intermediate member 180c may be disposed within the housing <NUM>". For example, the intermediate member 180c may be disposed within the passage 190b of the outer member 180b and extend from the proximal ends 182a, 182b to the distal ends 184a, 184b of the inner and outer members 180a, 180b. In particular, the intermediate member 180c may be disposed between the inner and outer members 180a, 180b, such that the intermediate member 180c engages the outer surface 188a of the inner member 180a and the inner surface 186b of the outer member 180b.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the intermediate member 180c may include a plurality of first fins <NUM>, a plurality of second fins <NUM>, and a plurality of third fins <NUM>. As illustrated in <FIG>, the fins <NUM> may each extend in a direction substantially (+/-<NUM> degrees) parallel to the longitudinal axis A6 from the proximal end <NUM> of the housing <NUM>" to the distal end <NUM> of the housing <NUM>". As illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the fins <NUM> may be equally-spaced about the axis A6 and extend radially in a direction substantially (+/- <NUM> degrees) perpendicular to the inner and outer members 180a, 180b. In particular, the fins <NUM> may abut, and extend perpendicularly from, the outer surface 188a of the inner member 180a and the inner surface 186b of the outer member 180b. While the intermediate member 180c is generally shown and described herein as including twenty fins <NUM>, the intermediate member 180c may include more or less than twenty fins within the scope of the present disclosure.

With reference to <FIG>, the fins <NUM> may extend in a direction substantially (+/-<NUM> degrees) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A6 and substantially (+/- <NUM> degrees) perpendicular to the fins <NUM> In particular, each fin <NUM> may extend from and between adjacent ones of the fins <NUM>, such that a plurality of fins <NUM> surround the longitudinal axis A6. In this regard, as illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the fins <NUM> may form a plurality of circular-shaped patterns <NUM> surrounding the axis A6. As illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the circular-shaped patterns <NUM> may be equally-spaced along the axis A6. As further illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the fins <NUM> may further extend radially in a direction substantially (+/- <NUM> degrees) perpendicular to the inner and outer members 180a, 180b. In particular, the fins <NUM> may abut, and extend perpendicularly from, (i) the outer surface 188a of the inner member 180a and the inner surface 186b of the outer member 180b, and (ii) adjacent fins <NUM>. Accordingly, the fins <NUM>, <NUM> may define a plurality of chambers <NUM> between the inner and outer members 180a, 180b.

With reference to <FIG>, the fins <NUM> may extend between adjacent pairs of the fins <NUM>, between adjacent pairs of the fins <NUM>, or between the inner and outer members 180a, 180b. In particular, each fin <NUM> may extend from a first of the fins <NUM> to a second of the fins <NUM> and from a first of the fins <NUM> to a second of the fins <NUM>, such that a plurality of fins <NUM> surround the longitudinal axis A6 and extend through one or more of the chambers <NUM>. In this regard, as illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the fins <NUM> may form a plurality of frustoconically-shaped constructs <NUM> surrounding the axis A6. In this regard, each frustoconically-shaped construct <NUM> may define a circular shape in a cross-section taken perpendicular to the axis A6, as illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>. In some implementations, each fin <NUM> extends between the inner and outer members 180a, 180b such that the frustoconically-shaped constructs <NUM> define an apex angle α. The apex angle α may be between five degrees and one hundred seventy degrees. In some implementations, the apex angle α may be substantially equal to one hundred fifteen degrees. The frustoconically-shaped constructs <NUM> may be equally-spaced along the axis A6 to define a corrugated construct disposed between the inner and outer members 180a, 180b. In particular, the apex angles α of the frustoconically-shaped constructs <NUM> may alternate such that the apex angles α of consecutive frustoconically-shaped constructs <NUM> face in opposite directions. For example, the apex angle α of a first of the frustoconically-shaped constructs <NUM> may face the proximal end 182a of the inner member 180a, while the apex angle α of a second of the frustoconically-shaped constructs <NUM>, adjacent the first of the frustoconically-shaped constructs <NUM>, faces the distal end 182b of the inner member 180a. In some implementations, the apex (e.g., the smallest diameter) of a first of the frustoconically-shaped constructs <NUM> is adjacent the apex (e.g., the smallest diameter) of a second of the frustoconically-shaped constructs <NUM>, while the base (e.g., the largest diameter) of the first of the frustoconically-shaped constructs <NUM> is adjacent the base (e.g., the largest diameter) of the second of the frustoconically-shaped constructs <NUM>.

Each fin <NUM> may include one or more perforations or apertures <NUM> extending therethrough. In particular, the apertures <NUM> may define a circular or cylindrical shape extending through the fins <NUM>. In this regard, the apertures <NUM> may define a diameter greater than <NUM> millimeters. In particular, the apertures <NUM> may define a diameter greater than <NUM> millimeter. As illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, each aperture <NUM> may be in fluid communication with a chamber <NUM>. In this regard, each fin <NUM> may extend through one or more of the chambers <NUM> to define an inner and outer portion thereof. Each aperture <NUM> may be in fluid communication with the inner and outer portions of the chamber <NUM>, such that the apertures 191a are in fluid communication with the chambers <NUM> through the apertures <NUM>.

As previously described, the fins <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> may define, or otherwise be formed at least in part from, a material or construct configured to control, direct, and manipulate sound waves. For example, the fins <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM> may be formed from, or otherwise define, an acoustic metamaterial configured to deviate the soundwaves transmitted through the intermediate member 180c and reduce the volume of sound produced by such soundwaves.

With reference to <FIG> and <FIG>, the door assembly <NUM> may be disposed within the housing <NUM>" and pivotally supported by one of the housing <NUM>" or the intermediate shell assembly <NUM>" for rotation about an axis A7 between an open or resting position (<FIG>) and a closed or active position (<FIG>). As illustrated, the axis A7 may extend in a direction transverse (e.g., orthogonal) to the axis A1. In this regard, as illustrated in <FIG>, the door assembly <NUM> may include a door <NUM>, a hinge <NUM>, and a biasing member <NUM>. In some implementations, the door <NUM> is pivotally coupled to the housing <NUM>" via the hinge <NUM> for rotation about the axis A7. For example, in some implementations, the door <NUM> may be pivotally coupled to the inner surface <NUM> of the housing <NUM>" proximate the distal end <NUM>. In the open position, the door <NUM> does not block the opening <NUM> relative to the axis A1, while in the closed position, the door <NUM> does block the opening <NUM> relative to the axis A1. In particular, in the open position, the axis A1 does not intersect the door <NUM>, while in the closed position, the the axis A1 does intersect the door <NUM>. As will be explained in more detail below, during use, the biasing member <NUM> may bias the door <NUM> from the closed position into the open position (e.g., in a clockwise direction relative to the view in <FIG> and <FIG>) such that the door <NUM> does not block the opening <NUM> and the axis A1 does not intersect the door <NUM>. In this regard, while the biasing member <NUM> is generally shown and described herein as being a helical torsion spring, it will be appreciated that the biasing member may include other forms (e.g., a compression spring, a piston, an elastic member, etc.) within the scope of the present disclosure.

The housing <NUM>" may be substantially similar to the housing <NUM>' except as otherwise shown and described herein. As illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the housing <NUM>" may include a plurality of vents <NUM>. The vents <NUM> may extend through the inner and outer surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> of the housing <NUM>" such that the inner surface <NUM> includes an inlet opening <NUM>, and the outer surface <NUM> includes an outlet opening <NUM>. As illustrated in <FIG>, the vents <NUM> may be disposed at an angle β relative to the axis A1. For example, the vents <NUM> may be defined in part by opposed surfaces <NUM>, <NUM>. The surfaces <NUM>, <NUM> may extend from the inlet <NUM> to the outlet <NUM> and be disposed at the angle β relative to the axis A1 such that the outlet <NUM> is disposed between the inlet <NUM> and the end <NUM> of the housing <NUM>" relative to the axis A1.

With reference to <FIG>, another intermediate shell assembly <NUM>‴ for use with a sound suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴ is shown. The structure and function of the intermediate shell assembly <NUM>‴ may be substantially similar to that of the intermediate shell assembly <NUM>", apart from any exceptions described herein or shown in the Figures. Accordingly, the structure and/or function of similar features will not be described in detail. In addition, like reference numerals are used in the drawings to identify like features, while like reference numerals containing extensions (i.e., " ‴ ") are used to identify those features that have been modified.

The shell assembly <NUM>‴ may extend along the longitudinal axis A6 and include an inner shell or member 180a‴, an outer shell or member 180b‴, and an intermediate member 180c‴. The structure and function of the inner member 180a"', the outer member 180b"', and the intermediate member 180c‴ may be substantially similar to that of the inner member 180a, the outer member 180b, and the intermediate member 180c, respectively, apart from any exceptions described herein or shown in the Figures. Accordingly, the structure and/or function of similar features will not be described in detail. As illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the inner member 180a‴ and the outer member 180b‴ may each define a substantially rectangular (e.g., square) shaped cross section surrounding, and extending along, the axis A6. In particular, the proximal end 182a‴, 182b‴, distal end 184a‴, 184b‴, inner surface 186a"', 186b‴, and outer surface 188a‴, 188b‴ may each define a rectangular shape extending along, and about, the axis A6, such that the inner surface 186a‴ of the inner member 180a‴ may define a passage 190a‴ extending therethrough from the proximal end 182a‴ to the distal end 184a"', while the inner surface 186b‴ of the outer member 180b‴ may define a passage 190b‴ extending therethrough from the proximal end 182a‴ to the distal end 184a‴. As illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the inner member 180a‴ may be disposed within (e.g., concentrically) the outer member 180b‴ such that the passage 190b‴ is defined by the outer surface 188a"' of the inner member 180a‴ and the inner surface 186b‴ of the outer member 180b‴.

With reference to at least <FIG>, the outer member 180b‴ may include a plurality of vents or apertures 191b, while the inner member 180a‴ may include the apertures 191a. The apertures 191b may be disposed adjacent to or along an intersection <NUM> of two sides of the outer member 180b‴. For example, a first plurality of the apertures 191b may be disposed along a first intersection of a first side of the outer member 180b‴ and a second side of the outer member 180b‴, and a second plurality of the apertures 191b may be disposed along a second intersection of the first side of the outer member 180b‴ and a third side of the outer member 180b‴, such that the first plurality of apertures 191b defines a first line and the second plurality of apertures 191b defines a second line that is parallel to the first line and to the axis A6. The apertures 191a may collectively define one or more patterns extending along or about the longitudinal axis A6. For example, as illustrated in <FIG>, in some implementations, the apertures 191a define a plurality of rectangular patterns surrounding, and spaced (e.g., equally spaced) along, the axis A6.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the proximal end 182a‴, 182b‴ of the inner and outer members 180a‴, 180b"', respectively, may define an entrance opening, while the distal end 184a‴, 184b‴ of the inner and outer members 180a‴, 180b‴, respectively, may define an exit opening 192a"', 192b"'. In this regard, the entrance opening may be in fluid communication with the exit opening 192a‴, 192b‴ through the passage 190a‴, 190b‴, respectively.

The intermediate member 180c‴ may be disposed within the housing <NUM>". For example, the intermediate member 180c‴ may be disposed within the passage 190b‴ of the outer member 180b‴ and extend from the proximal ends 182a‴, 182b‴ to the distal ends 184a‴, 184b‴ of the inner and outer members 180a"', 180b‴. In particular, the intermediate member 180c‴ may be disposed between the inner and outer members 180a‴, 180b‴, such that the intermediate member 180c‴ engages the outer surface 188a‴ of the inner member 180a‴ and the inner surface 186b‴ of the outer member 180b‴.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the intermediate member 180c may include a plurality of first fins <NUM>‴, a plurality of second fins <NUM>‴, and a plurality of third fins <NUM>‴. As illustrated in <FIG>, the fins <NUM>‴ may each extend in a direction substantially (+/-<NUM> degrees) parallel to the longitudinal axis A6 from the proximal end <NUM> of the housing <NUM>" to the distal end <NUM> of the housing <NUM>". As illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the fins <NUM> may be equally-spaced about the axis A6 and extend radially in a direction substantially (+/- <NUM> degrees) perpendicular to the inner and outer members 180a"', 180b‴. In particular, the fins <NUM> may abut, and extend perpendicularly from, the outer surface 188a‴ of the inner member 180a‴ and the inner surface 186b‴ of the outer member 180b"'. While the intermediate member 180c‴ is generally shown and described herein as including twelve fins <NUM>"', the intermediate member 180c‴ may include more or less than twelve fins within the scope of the present disclosure.

The fins <NUM>‴ may extend in a direction substantially (+/-<NUM> degrees) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A6 and substantially (+/- <NUM> degrees) perpendicular to the fins <NUM>"'. In particular, each fin <NUM>‴ may extend from and between adjacent ones of the fins <NUM>"', such that a plurality of fins <NUM>‴ surround the longitudinal axis A6. In this regard, as illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the fins <NUM>‴ may form a plurality of rectangular-shaped patterns <NUM>‴ surrounding the axis A6. As illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the rectangular -shaped patterns <NUM>‴ may be equally-spaced along the axis A6. As further illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the fins <NUM>‴ may further extend in a direction substantially (+/- <NUM> degrees) perpendicular to the inner and outer members 180a‴, 180b‴. In particular, the fins <NUM>‴ may abut, and extend perpendicularly from, (i) the outer surface 188a‴ of the inner member 180a‴ and the inner surface 186b‴ of the outer member 180b‴, and (ii) adjacent fins <NUM>"'. Accordingly, the fins <NUM>"', <NUM>‴ may define a plurality of chambers <NUM>‴ between the inner and outer members 180a‴, 180b‴.

With reference to <FIG> and <FIG>, the fins <NUM>‴ may extend between adjacent pairs of the fins <NUM>"', between adjacent pairs of the fins <NUM>"', or between the inner and outer members 180a‴, 180b‴. In particular, each fin <NUM>‴ may extend from a first of the fins <NUM>‴ to a second of the fins <NUM>‴ and from a first of the fins <NUM>‴ to a second of the fins <NUM>"', such that a plurality of fins <NUM>‴ surround the longitudinal axis A6 and extend through one or more of the chambers <NUM>‴. In this regard, as illustrated in <FIG> and <FIG>, the fins <NUM>‴ may form a plurality of frustopyramidally-shaped constructs <NUM>‴ surrounding the axis A6. In this regard, each frustopyramidally-shaped construct <NUM>‴ may define a square shape in a cross-section taken perpendicular to the axis A6, as illustrated in <FIG>. In some implementations, each fin <NUM>‴ extends between the inner and outer members 180a‴, 180b‴ such that the frustopyramidally-shaped constructs <NUM>‴ define an apex angle α‴. The apex angle α‴ may be between five degrees and one hundred seventy degrees. In some implementations, the apex angle α‴ may be substantially equal to one hundred fifteen degrees. The frustopyramidally-shaped constructs <NUM>‴ may be equally-spaced along the axis A6 to define a corrugated construct disposed between the inner and outer members 180a‴, 180b‴. In particular, the apex angles α‴ of the frustopyramidally-shaped constructs <NUM> may alternate such that the apex angles α‴ of consecutive frustopyramidally-shaped constructs <NUM>‴ face in opposite directions. For example, the apex angle α‴ of a first of the frustopyramidally-shaped constructs <NUM>‴ may face the proximal end 182a‴ of the inner member 180a"', while the apex angle α‴ of a second of the frustopyramidally-shaped constructs <NUM>"', adjacent the first of the frustopyramidally-shaped constructs <NUM>"', faces the distal end 182b‴ of the inner member 180a‴. In some implementations, the apex (e.g., the smallest cross-sectional area) of a first of the frustopyramidally-shaped constructs <NUM>‴ is adjacent the apex (e.g., the smallest cross-sectional area) of a second of the frustopyramidally-shaped constructs <NUM>"', while the base (e.g., the largest cross-sectional area) of the first of the frustopyramidally-shaped constructs <NUM>‴ is adjacent the base (e.g., the largest cross-sectional area) of the second of the frustopyramidally-shaped constructs <NUM>‴.

Each fin <NUM>‴ may include one or more of the perforations or apertures <NUM> extending therethrough. As previously described, the fins <NUM>‴, <NUM>‴, or <NUM>‴ may define, or otherwise be formed at least in part from, a material or construct configured to control, direct, and manipulate sound waves. For example, the fins <NUM>‴, <NUM>"', or <NUM>‴ may be formed from, or otherwise define, an acoustic metamaterial configured to deviate the soundwaves transmitted through the intermediate member 180c‴ and reduce the volume of sound produced by such soundwaves.

In an assembled configuration, the inner sleeves <NUM>, 20a, the baffles <NUM>, the insulator <NUM>, and the intermediate shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>‴ may be removably disposed within the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>". In this regard, a method of assembling the sound suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴ may include placing the inner sleeves <NUM>, 20a, the baffles <NUM>, the insulator <NUM>, and the intermediate shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>‴ within the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>". In some implementations, the inner sleeves <NUM>, 20a, the baffles <NUM> and the insulator <NUM> may be disposed within the intermediate shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>‴ prior to placing the intermediate shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>‴ within the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>". Accordingly, placing the inner sleeves <NUM>, 20a, the baffles <NUM>, the insulator <NUM>, and the intermediate shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>‴ within the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>" may include translating the intermediate shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>‴, including the inner sleeves <NUM>, 20a, the baffles <NUM>, the and insulator <NUM> disposed therein, through the entrance opening <NUM> and the passage <NUM> along the axis A1 until the proximal end 182a, 182a‴ of the inner member 180a, 180a‴ and the proximal end 182b, 182b‴ of the outer member 180b, 180b‴ abut the distal end <NUM> of the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>". The method of assembling the sound suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴ may also include coupling the endcap <NUM>, including a portion of the insulator <NUM> disposed therein, to the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>". For example, the method may include coupling the threaded portion <NUM> of the endcap <NUM> to the threaded portion <NUM> of the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>" until the shoulder <NUM> of the endcap <NUM> abuts the distal end 184a, 184a‴ of the inner member 180a, 180a‴ and the distal end 184b, 184b‴ of the outer member 180b, 180b‴ to secure the intermediate shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>"', including the inner sleeves <NUM>, 20a, the baffles <NUM>, the and insulator <NUM> disposed therein, within the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", and prevent movement (e.g., translation, rotation, etc.) of the intermediate shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>‴, including the inner sleeves <NUM>, 20a, the baffles <NUM>, the and insulator <NUM> disposed therein, relative to the axis A1 of the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>".

With reference to <FIG>, a sound suppressor kit <NUM> is illustrated. The kit <NUM> may include a case or container <NUM>, a housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", an endcap <NUM>, and a plurality of intermediate shell assemblies <NUM>", <NUM>"', including the inner sleeves <NUM>, 20a, the baffles <NUM>, the and insulator <NUM> disposed therein. The container <NUM> may include a base <NUM> and a cover <NUM>. In some implementations, the cover <NUM> may be coupled to the base <NUM> by one or more hinges <NUM>, such that the cover <NUM> can be moved relative to the base <NUM> between an open position and a closed position.

The plurality of intermediate shell assemblies <NUM>", <NUM>‴ may include one or more of the shell assemblies <NUM>" and one more of the shell assemblies <NUM>"'. While the kit <NUM> is generally shown as including zero shells <NUM>, two shell assemblies <NUM>" and two shell assemblies <NUM>‴, it will be appreciated that the kit <NUM> may include more or less than zero shells <NUM>, more or less than two shell assemblies <NUM>" and more or less than two shell assemblies <NUM>‴ within the scope of the present disclosure. In this regard, each shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>‴ may define different sound-reducing characteristics relative to the others of the other shell assemblies <NUM>", <NUM>"'. In particular, the construct, including the size, location, quantity or orientation of the inner sleeves <NUM>, 20a, the apertures <NUM>, the peaks <NUM>, the troughs <NUM>, the fins <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>"', <NUM>"', <NUM>"', the apertures 191a, 191b, the apertures <NUM>, the angle α, the thicknesses T5a, T5b, or the vents <NUM> of a first shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>‴ may be different than the size, location, quantity or orientation of the inner sleeves <NUM>, 20a, the apertures <NUM>, the peaks <NUM>, the troughs <NUM>, the fins <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>"', <NUM>‴, <NUM>"', the apertures 191a, 191b, the apertures <NUM>, the angle α, the thicknesses T5a, T5b, or the vents <NUM> of a second shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>‴ of the plurality of intermediate shell assemblies <NUM>", <NUM>"'. Accordingly, the profile or characteristics (e.g., frequency, amplitude, period, etc. of sound waves) of a sound suppressed by the first of the plurality of intermediate shell assemblies <NUM>", <NUM>‴ may be different (e.g., greater than or less than) than the profile or characteristics of a sound suppressed by the second of the plurality of intermediate shell assemblies <NUM>", <NUM>"'. Thus, a user may use a first shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>‴ in the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>" during use of the suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴ with a first firearm <NUM> producing a first set of sound characteristics (e.g., frequency, amplitude, period, etc. of sound waves), and a second shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>‴ in the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>" during use of the suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴ with a second firearm <NUM> that is different than the first firearm and produces a second set of sound characteristics that are different than the first set of sound characteristics. In this regard, the user may remove the first shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>‴ from the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>" after use of the suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴ with the first firearm <NUM>, and insert the second shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>'" in the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>" during use of the suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴ with the second firearm <NUM>.

In use, a bullet or other projectile may be discharged from the firearm <NUM>, producing high pressure gas and generating a sound. High pressure gas may exit the barrel of the firearm <NUM> and pass through the sound suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴. As the high pressure gas passes through the sound suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴ the configuration and arrangement (e.g., relative size, shape, location, quantity, orientation, material, etc.), as described herein, of the housing <NUM>", the sleeves 20a, 20b, the expansion device <NUM>, the shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>‴ and/or the door assembly <NUM> can help to reduce the volume of sound generated by the firearm <NUM>. For example, high pressure gas passing through the sound suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴ and the passage <NUM>, and out of the opening <NUM>, may apply a force on the door <NUM> and produce a torque about the axis A7. The force produced by the high pressure gas may rotate the door <NUM> about the axis A7 from the open position (<FIG>, <FIG>) to the closed position (<FIG>. <FIG>), thereby trapping the high pressure gas within the suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴ for dissipation of the volume of sound by the sleeves 20a, 20b, the expansion device <NUM>, and/or the shell assembly <NUM>", <NUM>‴ as described herein. In particular, rotation of the door <NUM> from the open position (<FIG>) to the closed position (<FIG>) can force the high pressure gas, sound waves, and pressure, through the apertures <NUM>, <NUM>, 191a, 191b, <NUM> and the vents <NUM> in order to reduce the volume of the sound produced by the firearm <NUM>.

The configuration and arrangement of the apertures <NUM>, <NUM>, 191a, <NUM> can help to resist the flow of gas therethrough, thereby absorbing the energy of the expanding gas and reducing the volume of the sound generated by the gas. In particular, the size, shape, and arrangement of the apertures <NUM>, <NUM>, 191a, <NUM> restricts or impedes the flow of gas therethrough, thereby generating friction between the gas and the sleeves 20a, 20b, the inner member 180a, 180a‴, the outer member 180b, 180b"', and the intermediate member 180c, 180c‴ at the apertures <NUM>, <NUM>, 191a, <NUM> respectively.

The friction generated between the gas and the sleeves 20a, 20b, the inner member 180a, 180a"', the outer member 180b, 180b‴, or the intermediate member 180c, 180c‴ converts the kinetic energy of the gas flowing through the suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴ into heat energy. Similarly, the configuration and arrangement of the inner member 180a, 180a"', the outer member 180b, 180b‴, or the intermediate member 180c, 180c‴ can help to capture and dissipate the kinetic energy of the gas flowing through the suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>". For example, the acoustic metamaterial of the inner member 180a, 180a‴, the outer member 180b, 180b‴, or the intermediate member 180c, 180c‴ can absorb various wavelengths of soundwaves passing through the suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>"', thereby reducing the volume of the sound generated by the firearm <NUM>. The configuration and arrangement of the housing <NUM>', housing <NUM>" (e.g., the square or rectangular prism cross-sectional shape) can help to prevent the formation of a helical vortex of gas flowing through the suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>"', thereby reducing the amount of energy in, and the volume of sound generated by, the gas.

The heat energy generated by the friction of the gas flowing through the suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴ is absorbed by the sleeves 20a, 20b, thereby reducing the temperature and the pressure of the gas flowing through the suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴. As the pressure of the gas flowing through the suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴ is reduced, the volume of the sound generated by the gas flowing through the exit opening <NUM> of the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>" may be reduced. For example, the configuration of the suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴ described herein may reduce the volume of the sound generated by the gas flowing through the exit opening <NUM> of the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", upon the firing or discharging of the firearm <NUM>, by more than <NUM> decibels. In some implementations, the configuration of the suppressor <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴ described herein may reduce the volume of the sound generated by the gas flowing through the exit opening <NUM> of the housing <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", upon the firing or discharging of the firearm <NUM>, by more than <NUM> decibels.

Claim 1:
A sound suppressor (<NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴) for a firearm (<NUM>), the sound suppressor (<NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>", <NUM>‴) comprising:
a housing (<NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>") extending along, and disposed about, a central axis (A1); and
a first sleeve (20a, 20b) concentrically disposed within the housing (<NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>") and defining a plurality of first undulations (<NUM>, <NUM>) collectively disposed about the central axis (A1), each first undulation (<NUM>, <NUM>) defining a plurality of first apertures (<NUM>, <NUM>).