Patent Description:
In the prior art many corrosion protective coating systems are disclosed and many of those corrosion protective coating systems are commercialised. Although various systems may have certain advantages over others, most of them have serious drawbacks. Common corrosion protecting systems comprise coating systems, optionally comprising various layers of materials, shrink sleeves, and tapes, optionally provided with adhesive layers, and combinations of such systems.

<CIT> and its Continuation-In-Part <CIT>, both of Scapa Tapes North America, for example, disclose a high shear pipeline tape comprising a backing material having on one surface thereof a rubber-based adhesive layer. The rubber-based adhesive layer comprises a rubber mix and a tackifying resin. The rubber mix comprises crosslinked halogenated rubber, non-crosslinked rubber and a styrenic blockpolymer or terpolymer, e.g. a Kraton® polymer. The non-crosslinked rubber is preferably butyl rubber, preferably a mixture of virgin butyl rubber and recycled butyl rubber (butyl rubber is a copolymer of about <NUM> wt. % isobutene and <NUM> wt. % isoprene). The tackifying resin is used to provide the desired adhesiveness to the rubber mix and may be selected from a very large group of materials, e.g. rosins, modified rosins, rosin esters, polymerised petroleum hydrocarbons, polymerised terpenes and various resins. Examples <NUM> and <NUM> disclose formulations comprising different tackifiers, e.g. Endex® <NUM> (an aromatic hydrocarbon resin available from Eastman Chemical Company, Indopol® H-<NUM> (an isobutene/<NUM>-butene copolymer having a number average molecular weight of about <NUM>, formally available from British Petroleum Chemicals, but currently available from e.g. Amoco Chemical Company and Innovene), Escorez® <NUM> (an aliphatic hydrocarbon resin having an average molecular weight of about <NUM>, available from ExxonMobil), and Piccopale® <NUM> (a polyterpene resin). Escorez® <NUM> is made by polymerising petroleum fractions having a boiling point from about <NUM> to about <NUM> at atmospheric pressure which are formed by the thermal cracking of petroleum feedstock. The fractions may be polymerised thermally or in the presence of a catalyst, for example a Friedel-Crafts catalyst such as AlCl<NUM>. Usually the petroleum feedstock, e.g. light naphtha, heavy naphtha, kerosene, gas oil, vacuum gas oil and comprising C<NUM> olefins and diolefins, C<NUM> olefins and diolefins or a mixture of C<NUM> and C<NUM> olefines and diolefins, is cracked in the presence of steam. The products from this cracking process usually have a boiling point of -<NUM> to <NUM> and may comprise about <NUM> to <NUM>% olefins, <NUM> to <NUM>% diolefins, <NUM> to <NUM>% aromatics and <NUM> to <NUM>% paraffins and naphthalenes. Preferably the product is subjected to fractionation to remove C<NUM> to C<NUM> light ends, thermal soaking and distillation to remove hydrocarbons such as cyclic diolefins including cyclopentadiene and methyl cyclopentadiene as dimers (cf. Consequently, Escorez ® <NUM> and <NUM> (see below) are not isobutene-based polymers. The high shear tape according to <CIT> and <CIT> is suitable as a pipe wrap system, provided that the pipe is coated with a primer. Example <NUM> discloses the use of Escorez® <NUM>, a hydrocarbon resin having a number average molecular weight of about <NUM>. However, this high shear pipeline tape has a number of disadvantages. First of all, it is required that a bare metal pipe if first coated with a liquid primer, preferably comprising a rubber and a tackifying resin. Secondly, the rubber-based adhesive layer of the tape comprises significant amounts of crosslinked material which is known to be detrimental for the self-healing properties of the rubber-based adhesive layer.

discloses a further shrink sleeve for sealing a welding joint of insulated pipes, wherein between the end portions of the sleeve and the edges of the insulation a sealant or an adhesive is applied. The adhesive may be a polyamide based hot melt adhesive formulation. The sealant is preferably a blend of atactic polypropylene and polyisobutene, optionally with a tackifier, although other products are expressly said to be acceptable as well (cf. page <NUM>, lines <NUM> - <NUM>). The nature of the atactic polypropylene and the polyisobutene and their ratio is not disclosed.

<CIT>, discloses a heat-shrinkable polyolefin shrink sleeve that can be applied on the bare welding joints of polypropylene coated pipelines. Polypropylene coatings which usually consist of a combination of epoxy/adhesive/polypropylene, are used for high temperature pipelines. For applying such a heat-shrinkable polyolefin shrink sleeve to the welding joints of the polypropylene coated pipes, an adhesive is necessary to bond the end edges of the shrink sleeve to the end edges of the propylene coatings to ensure a proper seal. However, common high strength adhesives used for this purpose suffer from the disadvantage that they usually bond well to the polyolefin shrink sleeve, but not to the propylene coating. On the other hand, other adhesives that do bond well to the polyolefin shrink sleeve as well as to the polypropylene coating, i.e. low strength mastic compositions, suffer from the disadvantage that they have insufficient shear resistance, in particular at elevated temperatures. <CIT> therefore proposes to employ a two-component system for applying a heat-shrinkable polyolefin shrink sleeve to polypropylene coated pipelines. This two-component system comprises a functional coating (indicated by the reference number <NUM>) and a bonding agent (indicated by the reference numbers <NUM> and <NUM>). The functional coating adheres very well to the bare surface of the joint of the steel pipeline but does not adhere to the polypropylene coating. On the other hand, the bonding agent, which is applied between the edges of the functional coating and the propylene coating as can be seen in e.g. Figure <NUM>, adheres well to both coatings and provides a, although weak, water-resistant bond between the shrink sleeve and the polypropylene coating. The functional coating may be a mastic composition, a hot melt adhesive or a hybrid thereof, whereas the bonding agent is preferably a mastic composition. The mastic composition may comprise amorphous material or synthetic polymers or mixtures thereof. Examples of typical mastic compositions that are disclosed in <CIT> are blends of substantially amorphous materials, e.g. butyl rubber, natural rubber and latex SBR rubber, and tackifying resins, e.g. synthetic hydrocarbon tackifying resins, rosin ester tackifying resins and inert fillers such as calcium carbonate, talc and carbon black. These mastic compositions may further comprise other amorphous materials or synthetic polymers, e.g. asphalt, polybutene and amorphous polyolefins, e.g. amorphous polypropylene, styrene-isoprene copolymers and liquid butyl polymers. Obviously, the protective system disclosed in <CIT> is highly complex and requires many different types of materials. Moreover, shrink sleeves in general suffer from the disadvantage that they do not have self-healing properties.

<CIT> of Shawcor Ltd. also discloses a shrink sleeve-based system for protecting welding joints of pre-isolated pipes. In the field, pre-isolated pipes are connected by welding the service pipe that extends beyond the insulation material, where after the welded joint is insulated encased by a shrink sleeve. An important requirement of such a shrink sleeve as already explained above is that it provides a water-tight connection and mechanical protection to the insulation and therefore should adhere very well to the insulation as well as to the pipe. To that end, an adhesive composition is applied between the edges of the insulation material and of the shrink sleeve. The nature of the adhesive composition is irrelevant since it may be selected from a wide range of materials, e.g. a sealant, a mastic or a hot melt adhesive. Obviously, this system suffers from the same disadvantages as the system disclosed in <CIT>.

<CIT> discusses the technical problems encountered with protecting steel pipes and tubing for underground installation against corrosion. The usual method involves sandblasting the surface of the steel pipe, coating said surface with an epoxy coating and covering it with a polyolefin jacketing material like HDPE or PP. In particular with small diameter pipes, it is difficult to provide a uniform coating of the epoxy coating. Secondly, using a tape as jacketing material, wherein the tape is spirally wound around the pipes, provides weak joints at the area of overlap and poor coverage of radial or longitudinal welding joints. Furthermore, spirally wrapped jacketing material is said to cause poor low temperature adhesion of the epoxy coating to the pipe.

<CIT>, <CIT> and <CIT>, disclose coating or insulating crosslinked polypropylene compositions. <CIT> expressly discloses in column <NUM>, lines <NUM> - <NUM>, that polymers in which the predominant chain units comprise propylene or a higher olefin such as butene tend to depolymerise when exposed to free radicals to effect crosslinking. These patents are typically directed to crosslinked materials and heat-shrinkable articles made thereof.

Another shrink sleeve system is disclosed in <CIT> In particular, this patent application is directed to joining and sealing overlapping edges of heat shrinkable polymeric wrap-around sleeves. Such sleeves comprise an outer layer of heat shrinkable polyolefin material and an inner layer of an adhesive, which adheres the sleeve to the substrate. The sleeve is wrapped around the welding joint of a pipeline, subsequently heated to cause shrinkage of the sleeve. Prior to the heat shrinking step, the overlapping edges of the sleeve are covered by a patch to prevent slippage of the overlapping ends during heat shrinking and subsequent creeping of the overlap joint. The invention disclosed in <CIT> is a patch comprising a dimensionally stable heat resistant fibrous backing layer and a layer of a high shear strength pressure sensitive adhesive which comprises a layer selected from the group consisting of isobutene polymers such as polyisobutene, polybutene and butyl rubber (butyl rubber is an elastomeric polymer based on about <NUM>% isobutene and <NUM>% isoprene and can easily be crosslinked as is well known in the art). It is expressly said that it is preferred that these materials are at least partially crosslinked to increase shear strength. Other preferred adhesive materials are silicones. Additionally, the nature or the properties of the polyisobutene are not disclosed.

<CIT>, discloses an improved pipe coating for in particular subsea pipelines for the transportation of crude oil. Usually, such coatings consist of a protective epoxy-based protective coating that is applied on the steel pipe which is then covered with a marine concrete layer. The improved coating comprises a layer of polypropylene or polyethylene copolymer mixed with a polypropylene or polyethylene sintered material which is applied between the epoxy-based protective coating and the marine concrete layer to enhance shear resistance of the coating system.

Commercial processes to produce pre-coated steel pipes are very complex and are environmentally unfriendly. First of all, the surface of the steel pipes must be thoroughly cleaned by sandblasting and treatment with acids such as phosphoric acid and chromate. The steel pipe is then heated to a particular material. Subsequently, a primer is applied, usually an epoxy coating. Further layers to improve the protection can be applied, e.g. polyolefin coatings or layers having at least one surface thereof coated with an adhesive composition.

Other corrosion protective systems are based on compositions comprising non-crosslinked material. For example, <CIT> and <CIT>disclose a composition comprising a non-polar, non-setting fluid polymer having a glass transition temperature lower than -<NUM>, wherein the polymer has a surface tension of less than <NUM> mN/m above the glass transition temperature and one or more fillers.

The corrosion protective coating systems disclosed in the prior art are in particular hampered by the fact that many materials are used or even have to be used that lack a good compatibility. Often, adhesive systems must be used that adhere very well to some materials, but not to others, with the consequence that even different adhesive systems must be used within the same corrosion protective coating system. There is therefore a need in the art for an adhesive composition that is widely applicable and has an excellent compatibility with the common materials used in corrosion protective coating systems and with the materials used for the construction of the pipes, pipelines and the like, e.g. steel, metal and concrete.

The present invention provides a high shear adhesive tape consisting of:.

The adhesive composition has an excellent compatibility with materials used in corrosion protections, e.g. shrink sleeves and shrink patches made of polyolefins and polymeric compositions comprising non-crosslinked polymers and fillers.

The present invention also relates to the use of the high shear adhesive tape provided herein for protecting a tubular article, an extended tubular article, shrink sleeves or shrink patches against corrosion.

In this description and in its claims, the verb "to comprise" and its conjugations is used in its non-limiting sense to mean that items following the word are included, but items not specifically mentioned are not excluded. In addition, reference to an element by the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the elements is present, unless the context clearly requires that there is one and only one of the elements. The indefinite article "a" or "an" thus usually means "at least one".

The adhesive composition consists of a single polyisobutene or a blend of different polyisobutenes. The glass transition temperature or glass transition temperatures of the polyisobutenes are preferably lower than -<NUM> and more preferably lower than -<NUM>. The glass transition temperature or glass transition temperatures can be determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as is well known in the art,.

The number average molecular weight Mn is within the range of <NUM> to <NUM>. The molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn of the polyisobutenes is preferably between <NUM> to <NUM>, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM>, even more preferably <NUM> to <NUM> and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM>.

The number average molecular weight Mn of the polyisobutenes is determined by GPC for the lower molecular weights, e.g. up to about <NUM>. For the higher number average molecular weights, they are determined by viscosity measurements (Staudinger Index Jo, formerly known as intrinsic viscosity), wherein the Staudinger Index is calculated from the flow time at <NUM> through capillary l of an Ubbelohde viscometer using the following formulas: <MAT> <MAT> wherein t is the flow time of the solution, with Hagenbach-Couette correction, to is the flow time of the solvent (e.g. isooctane), with Hagenbach-Couette correction, and c is the concentration if the solution in g/cm<NUM>. The number average molecular weight Mn is then calculated as follows: <MAT>.

The polyisobutenes to be used in the adhesive composition according to the present invention preferably have a Staudinger Index Jo of <NUM> to <NUM><NUM>/g, preferably of <NUM> to <NUM><NUM>/g, as determined at <NUM>.

The polyisobutenes have further preferably a surface tension of less than <NUM> mN/m at <NUM>. The density of the polyisobutenes is preferably between <NUM> to <NUM>/cm<NUM>.

The polyisobutenes may be prepared in various ways. Polymerisation may be conducted in single stage processes or in multi-stage processes. It is preferred that the polymerisation is conducted in the liquid phase using a Lewis acid as catalyst, preferably boron trifluoride complex catalyst, optionally in the presence of a cocatalyst. Such processes are well known in the art.

Preferred polyisobutenes are from the Oppanol series, in particular from the Oppanol B type.

According to the present invention, the olefin polymer is preferably selected from the group consisting of butene feeds (such feeds comprise <NUM>-butene and isobutene or <NUM>-butene and small amounts of ethene, propene or other C<NUM> - C<NUM> α-olefins), copolymers of isobutene and butadiene, atactic polypropenes, ethene/propene copolymers, ethene copolymers having as a comonomer e.g. propene, <NUM>-hexene, <NUM>-octene and <NUM>-decene. , and poly(<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-pentene).

Most preferably, the olefin polymer is selected from the group consisting of polybutene, atactic polypropylene, poly(<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-pentene) and mixtures thereof.

The polybutene has preferably a melt index of <NUM> - <NUM>/min (ISO <NUM>; <NUM>, <NUM>), a density of <NUM> - <NUM>/cm<NUM> (ISO <NUM>) and a melting point of <NUM>° - <NUM> according to DSC.

The poly(<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-pentene) has preferably a melt index of <NUM> - <NUM>/min (ASTM D <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), a softening point of <NUM>° - <NUM> (Vicat, ASTM D <NUM>) and a density of <NUM> - <NUM>/cm<NUM> at <NUM>.

The atactic polypropylene has preferably a number average molecular weight of <NUM> - <NUM> and a weight average molecular weight of <NUM> - <NUM>,<NUM>. In the atactic polypropylene, the amount of C<NUM>-C<NUM> α-olefin is up to about <NUM> percent by weight and is preferably between about <NUM> and about <NUM> percent by weight.

According to the invention, it is preferred that the olefin polymer has a glass transition temperature of less than -<NUM>, more preferably less than -<NUM>° and most preferably less than - <NUM>. Additionally, it is preferred that the olefin polymer has a surface tension of less than <NUM> mN/m at <NUM>.

The adhesive composition comprises <NUM> % to <NUM> % by weight of a polyisobutene and <NUM> % to <NUM> % of the olefin polymer, based on the total weight of the polyolefin blend. Most preferably, the adhesive composition comprises <NUM> % by weight of a polyisobutene and no olefin polymer.

According to the invention, a layer of the adhesive composition according to the present invention is applied to the surface of the extended tubular article or the one or more sections of the extended tubular article with a thickness of <NUM> to <NUM>, preferable <NUM> to <NUM>.

An important advantage of the adhesive composition is that the surface of the extended tubular articles does not need any pre-treatment, e.g. sandblasting or treatments with hazardous and environmentally unfriendly chemicals such as phosphoric acid and chromate. However, some pre-treatments may enhance the adhesive properties of the adhesive composition. For instance, the extended tubular article may comprise a base layer of a pre-coat, e.g. a pre-coat based on an epoxy resin. In another embodiment of the present invention, the extended tubular article may have as base layer a polyolefin layer. Consequently, one application of the adhesive composition is the use thereof in a process for manufacturing pre-coated steel pipes wherein the pipes are provided with a pre-coating, preferably a polyolefin coating, preferably a polyethene or a polypropene coating.

The application of the present invention is in particular in the field of corrosion protection. Consequently, according to the invention, an extended tubular article is therefore a pipe or a pipeline or a section thereof, in particular joints. Furthermore, it is preferred that the pipe or pipeline is essentially made of steel or concrete, most preferably of steel.

The adhesive composition is compatible with and adheres extremely well to materials commonly used in corrosion protective systems. Even compositions such as disclosed in <CIT> and <CIT> of Frans Nooren Afdichtingssystemen B. appear to have a better adhesion to the object to be protected. Hence, another application of the present invention is the use in a method for protecting a shaped article, preferably an oil or gas line or pipe, against corrosion. Also described herein is a method wherein in a first step a first layer of the adhesive composition is applied to the surface of the shaped article and wherein in a second step a second layer of a corrosion protective composition is applied to the layer of the adhesive composition , wherein the composition comprises:.

In an embodiment of the invention, it is preferred that the filler material provided herein comprises an inorganic material such as inorganic minerals, salts and oxides, e.g. chalk, boron sulphate, aluminium oxide, silicon dioxide, limestone, ground quartz, glass, talc, slate, bentonite and the like. It is also preferred that the filler material has a density of about <NUM> to about <NUM>/dm<NUM>, preferably about <NUM> to about <NUM>/dm<NUM>, at <NUM> according to DIN ISO <NUM>/<NUM>. It is furthermore preferred that the filler material consists essentially of an inorganic material, preferably at least <NUM> wt. %, more preferably at least <NUM> wt. % and most preferably at least <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the filler material. It is furthermore preferred that the filler material has a very low water solubility, preferably of less than <NUM>/l (<NUM>; according to DIN ISO <NUM>/<NUM>), more preferably less than <NUM>/l. According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the filler material consists essentially of calcium carbonate and a very suitable commercially available material is Omyalite 95T (available from Omya GmbH, Köln, Germany).

In addition, according to an embodiment of the invention, it is furthermore preferred that the primary anti-oxidant is selected from the group consisting of sterically hindered phenol compounds. More preferably, the anti-oxidant is an anti-oxidant composition comprising at least two anti-oxidants, wherein it is preferred that the anti-oxidant composition comprises a primary anti-oxidant and a secondary anti-oxidant. Additionally, the sterically hindered phenol compound preferably comprises at least two sterically hindered phenol groups. Furthermore, the secondary anti-oxidant is selected from the group consisting of fosfites and thioesters. The anti-oxidant composition further comprises a lactone. Such anti-oxidants are extensively disclosed in <CIT>.

The second layer of the corrosion protective composition comprising at least one polyisobutene, filler and anti-oxidant is provided with a third layer, said third layer being a film comprising an olefinic polymer or copolymer. Alternatively, the first layer may be provided with a top layer formed by a wrapping tape, said wrapping tape comprising a first layer comprising the film comprising the olefinic polymer or copolymer and a second layer comprising the composition comprising at least one polyisobutene, filler and anti-oxidant and having a total thickness of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, more preferably about <NUM> to about <NUM>. However, the second layer of the composition comprising at least one polyisobutene, filler and anti-oxidant may be enclosed by a shrink sleeve or wrap-around sleeve or sheet which are well known in the art.

Extended tubular articles or sections thereof, e.g. a pipe or a pipe line or a section thereof, that are connected to each other by connecting means or structures such as joints and flanges, wherein these connecting means or structures and the extended tubular articles do not have a gradual transition, a non-hardening composition consisting essentially of the polyisobutene and the filler material described above is preferably used to create a gradual transition. The advantage of applying such a non-hardening composition is that the combination of the corrosive protecting composition described above and the third layer, e.g. the film or the wrapping tape, can more easily be wrapped around the transition of extended tubular article and connecting means or structure. This non-hardening composition contains essentially about <NUM> - <NUM> % by weight of the polyisobutene and <NUM> - <NUM> % by weight of the filler material. This non-hardening composition may be applied below to the first layer of the adhesive composition, between said first layer of the adhesive composition and the second layer of the corrosive protective composition or between said second layer of the corrosive protective composition and the third layer of the corrosion protecting layer disclosed below.

A corrosion protecting layer which is applied to the surface of the adhesive composition may comprise a polyolefin material, preferably a homopolymer or a copolymer of an optionally substituted, linear or branched C<NUM> - C<NUM> alkene. In addition, it is preferred that the corrosion protecting layer is heat shrinkable. More preferably, this corrosion protecting layer comprises a shrink sleeve or a wrap-around sleeve or sheet as is disclosed above.

The corrosion protecting layer may comprise the composition disclosed above which comprises a polyisobutene having a glass transition temperature of less than -<NUM> and surface tension of less than <NUM>/m at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of said polyisobutene; a filler material; and an anti-oxidant, wherein said anti-oxidant is selected from the group consisting of a primary and a secondary anti-oxidant.

Accordingly, according to the present invention the adhesive composition is useful in providing corrosion protection.

A high shear adhesive tape comprising a backing material may carry on the surface thereof a layer of the adhesive composition according to the present invention, wherein the backing material comprises an impact resistant polymeric material that is preferably made of a polyolefin. The high shear adhesive tape can be wound around an extended tubular article or a part thereof, e.g. a welded j oint. The backing material of the high shear adhesive tape preferably comprises an impact resistant polymeric material. The high shear adhesive tape has preferably a totals thickness of <NUM> - <NUM> mils.

Another application concern pipes or pipelines provided with a propylene covering. For example, a layer of the adhesive composition may be applied to (a part of) the propylene covering to bond a second covering, in particular where heat shrinkable sleeves are to be provided onto such propylene coverings as is disclosed in e.g. <CIT>.

Likewise, the adhesive composition may be used in a method for forming a composite sleeve having heat shrinkable end portions, wherein an inner covering member is disposed on a mandrel and a sleeve is disposed around the inner member and the mandrel, wherein the sleeve extends beyond both ends of the inner member. The sleeve is manufactured from a heat shrinkable sheet having end portions which are to be bonded together at an overlapping portion. Subsequently, the sleeve is heat shrunk so that the sleeve is bonded to the inner member to form the composite sleeve. Additionally, where a sleeve is used to connect two pre-insulated pipe sections, the adhesive composition be applied to the edges of the insulation and/or to the edges of the sleeve to ensure not only a good bond between the two, but also a water tight seal.

Furthermore, the adhesive composition may be used to apply a closure comprising a heat resistant backing layer, wherein to a surface of the backing layer a layer of the adhesive composition is applied, to a heat shrinkable wrap around sleeve. The closure is applied to the overlapping sections of the wrap around sleeve prior to heat shrinking to prevent slippage of the overlapping sections during heat shrinking and to prevent subsequent creeping of the overlap joint.

The adhesive composition may also be used to improve the bonding between epoxy base layers provided on pipes and pipelines and outer coatings, e.g. marine concrete.

Claim 1:
A high shear adhesive tape consisting of:
a) a backing material comprising an impact resistant polymeric material; and
b) an adhesive composition consisting of:
• a polyolefin blend, wherein the polyolefin blend comprises <NUM> % to <NUM> % by weight of a polyisobutene and <NUM> % to <NUM> % by weight of an olefin polymer, based on the total weight of the polyolefin blend, wherein said polyisobutene is characterised by:
(i) a glass transition temperature of lower than -<NUM> determined by differential scanning calorimetry; and
(ii) a number average molecular weight Mn of <NUM> to <NUM>, wherein the Mn up to <NUM> is determined by GPC and the Mn over <NUM> is determined by viscosity measurements (Staudinger Index Jo);
• <NUM> to <NUM> % by weight of a filler, based on the total weight of the adhesive composition; and
wherein the olefin polymer is selected from the group consisting of butene feeds comprising <NUM>-butene and isobutene or <NUM>-butene and ethene, propene, other C<NUM>-C<NUM> α-olefins, copolymers of isobutene and butadiene, atactic polypropenes, ethene/propene copolymers, ethene copolymers having as a comonomer propene, <NUM>-hexene, <NUM>-octene and <NUM>-decene, and poly(<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-pentene);
wherein the Staudinger Index is calculated from the flow time at <NUM> through capillary l of an Ubbelohde viscometer using the following formulas: <MAT> <MAT>
wherein t is the flow time of the solution, with Hagenbach-Couette correction, to is the flow time of the solvent, with Hagenbach-Couette correction, and c is the concentration if the solution in g/cm<NUM>, and wherein the number average molecular weight Mn is then calculated with the following formula: <MAT>