Patent Description:
According to the International Patent Classification (IPC, <NUM>), the subject matter of the invention is classified and marked with the basic classification symbol E04B <NUM>/<NUM> relating to the insulation of buildings in general, and with the secondary classification symbols E02D <NUM>/<NUM> covering accessories for protection against moisture or underground water, that is, E04F21/<NUM>, which defines tools for laying insulation or sealing layers, as well as E04G <NUM>/<NUM>, indicating works on existing buildings: e.g. development of a new substructure.

The technical problem to be solved by the subject invention consists in the following: how to construct a sheet reinforced by haunches positioned at the joints of vertical supporting ribs with the base plate of the sheet and the method of its incorporation in buildings, especially the massive walls of monasteries, churches, palaces (cultural monuments), etc., to achieve permanent horizontal waterproofing and effective protection against capillary moisture and groundwater, characterized by an increased bearing capacity to vertical load of at least <NUM>% compared to existing HIO rails, with its installation in the walls done by a certain procedure of protection without gaps making it a consistent load-bearing element that completely takes over load from the upper parts of the building, so that the entire protection procedure is done without deformation, regardless of wall thickness and the type of material from which it is made, and without disturbing the static stability of the building, wall subsidence and cracking, fissures and other damage.

Capillary moisture is present in all old buildings that do not have horizontal waterproofing in their foundation walls or the insulation put years ago has deteriorated. Special plasters, penetrates, covering walls with various coatings, wall injection with various solutions in combination with restoration mortars only temporarily solve the problem, as after two to three years the procedure needs to be repeated.

The only way to permanently stop capillary moisture is to completely cut the wall and build in a new horizontal watertight barrier, taking care not to cause building subsidence and uncontrollable cracking in walls, which is an inevitable consequence of wall cutting.

Today, several methods are used in the world for subsequent horizontal waterproofing, the most common of which are:.

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to repair massive walls, as well as to repair stone walls and walls of mixed materials: brick + stone + brick due to the appearance of uneven building subsidence and cracking of reconstructed walls, which occurs as a result of incomplete reliance of the cut wall on the knocked in wedges.

The disadvantage of this process, as well as the shortcoming of the igostrop rail structure, in addition to having its function reduced to creating a watertight barrier, is that it is resistant to high static loads that lead to uneven building subsidence and cracking of repaired walls, which is why in repair spots wedges are knocked in which are also inefficient for thicker walls as the wall core remains uncovered.

The disadvantage of this method is in the complexity of the work when installing rails, primarily due to the new properties of mortar and the use of additives for fast curing, which makes it difficult to simply press the rails. The biggest disadvantage in the application of this method is the inability to adjust the rail height to the height of the cut into which it is fitted, as vertical "T" ends are made on vertical ribs.

The disadvantage of the rail placed by this method is that at high voltages (massive walls) vertical ribs partially deform (bend, distort), which leads to the appearance of micro-cracks on buildings with massive walls, such as those in mainly cultural monuments - fortifications, palaces , churches.

Also, document <CIT> discloses an example of the HIO method, wherein a profiled sheet with a central rail and vertically extending supporting ribs is inserted into a wall for protecting the wall from capillary moisture.

Document <CIT> discloses a method of inserting a damp proof course in an existing wall, wherein non-profiled plate elements are pressed into a slot, which is cut along a mortar course through the wall.

The shortcomings mentioned in the analyzes of the methods described above were the starting point for further research on the basis of which a segmental sheet was obtained which solves a above defined technical problem through a specially defined application procedure.

The essence of the invention is the construction of a segmented profiled semi-rigid sheet, made by pulling on a PVC - polyvinyl chloride (hard) extruder with adding of various additives to improve mechanical properties: hardness, tear strength, impact resistance, elasticity, watertightness, for improvement of resistance to various chemical agents (acids, bases, salts), to neutralize thermal influences, as well as with the addition of UV stabilizer for greater resistance to ultraviolet radiation, which, by being inserted into the wall, creates a permanent waterproof barrier, and effectively prevents further capillary moisture of building, with haunches constructed at the junction points of the base plate and vertical ribs to achieve additional consistency, which haunches have been found, by precise tests, to increase the load capacity of the sheet to vertical load by more than <NUM>% compared to the rails in wide use.

The essence of the invention is also that massive walls of two, three, five and more meters are cut without any restrictions, and for the successful application of hydroisolation it does not matter what type of building materials the building is constructed from.

The essence of the invention is also that the invention is particularly applicable for permanent protection against capillary moisture on the massive walls of monasteries, churches, palaces (cultural monuments), etc., where there is minimal tolerance for construction works and where no cracks and damage to the walls resulting from subsidence when performing hydroisolation works are allowed.

The novelty of the invention is that the process of cutting and creating horizontal openings for inserting the sheet under consideration is performed with diamond cutting tools with minimum noise and vibration, with cuts in the wall almost imperceptible, and by using injected mass of exceptional adhesion a new coupling resistant to seismic disturbance is formed.

What makes this sheet special compared to similar insulation barriers is the ability to adjust the height of the vertical supporting ribs to the achieved cut height in the wall by single-sided and fast grinding of tips, which is important for the quality of the work performed, as the sheets connected in a continuous row take on a huge load from the upper part of the building without subsidence and cracking.

Compared to similar rails, the sheet from this small patent application has several advantages, some of which are most important:.

In order to facilitate the understanding of the invention, the authors, only as an example, refer to the attached drafts of the application where:.

The present invention fully solves the above defined technical problem.

As it can be seen from the accompanying drawings, the segmental waterproofing sheet <NUM> is constructed in such a way that it consists of a horizontal base plate <NUM> and a perpendicularly vertically oriented supporting ribs <NUM> made of the same material as the base plate <NUM>. To prove the feasibility of the invention, the sheet <NUM> is constructed e.g. by pulling on a hard polyvinyl chloride extruder with various additives to improve mechanical properties: hardness, strength, tear strength, impact resistance, elasticity, watertightness, to improve resistance to various chemical agents (acids, bases, salts), to neutralize thermal effects, as well as with the addition of UV stabilizer for greater resistance to ultraviolet radiation, with the note that it can also be made of special alloys or other materials that provide sufficient consistency and durability. The shape and dimensions that ensure the optimum thickness of the base plate <NUM>, the height and thickness of the supporting ribs <NUM> have been calculated so as to take on the vertical load of the cut wall. The supporting ribs <NUM> are constructed integrally, perpendicularly to the base plate <NUM>, they are of the same thickness and are symmetrically equally spaced. The spacing between supporting ribs <NUM> is variable and is determined depending on the load and the static load bearing calculation and their upper edges <NUM> are convexly rounded, which makes it easier to insert the sheet <NUM> into a notch made on the wall where the waterproofing is carried out.

It should be noted that in order to eliminate the gap between the sheets <NUM> and the resting wall surface, before installing the height of the supporting ribs <NUM>, each sheet <NUM> is sanded to the height of the cut in the segment. This implies that the height of the cut in one segment is not uniform, so it is easiest, fastest and simplest to adjust the height of supporting ribs <NUM> to the height of the cut before the sheet <NUM> is incorporated in the treated building.

The length of sheet <NUM> may be infinite, but it is determined during incorporation by the width of the wall on which the waterproofing is performed. As the length of the sheet <NUM> depends on the thickness of walls, their connection is, if necessary, performed by means of male couplings and female couplings <NUM>, <NUM> at the free ends of the sheet segments. The drawings show that the free end of the male coupling <NUM> is constructed as an integral tubular extension <NUM> whose outer diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of the tubular opening <NUM> made at the center of the female coupling <NUM>, wherein the diameter of the inner opening <NUM> is equal to the thickness of the wall of the tubular extension <NUM>. The female coupling <NUM>, in cross-section has the appearance of a modified "U" profile with arms bent <NUM> at an angle of <NUM>°, with spacing between them slightly larger than the thickness of the base plate <NUM>.

As can be seen from <FIG>, this construction of male and female couplings <NUM>, <NUM> allows for an unbreakable joint, and is achieved by extending the tubular extension <NUM> of the male coupling <NUM> through the tubular opening <NUM> of the female coupling <NUM>, wherein a connector <NUM> that connects the male coupling <NUM> to the base plate <NUM> passes through the bent arms <NUM> on the female coupling <NUM>. Easy connection of the segments of the sheet <NUM> is made possible by that the couplings <NUM>, <NUM> are constructed so that the diameter of the tubular extension <NUM> matches the diameter of the tubular opening <NUM> increased by <NUM>, with the distance between the tips of the arms <NUM> also increased by <NUM>. It should be noted that this type of connecting the sheet <NUM> significantly increases the speed of waterproofing works, and that the whole process is carried out simply without the use of special tools and does not require special training of handlers.

Plastic profiled semi-rigid sheet <NUM>, according to the invention, at the points of connection to supporting ribs <NUM>, is reinforced by haunches <NUM>, which increase the bearing capacity of the sheet <NUM> to vertical load by <NUM>% compared to the similar HIO rails found today in use. As can be seen from <FIG>, <FIG><FIG>, at the joints of the base plate <NUM> and the supporting ribs <NUM>, the symmetrically formed haunches <NUM> are shaped on both sides of a respective supporting rib <NUM>.

In this way, with precise calculation of the dimensions, number, height and thickness of the supporting ribs <NUM>, their spacing and the structural reinforcement with haunches <NUM>, the sheet <NUM> can take on complete load from the upper part of the building.

It is particularly emphasized that incorporation of the sheet under consideration previously requires a cut that is almost imperceptible, especially on the facades of stone, marble and artificial stone, so by a simple operation (grouting) restorators make it invisible.

The sheet <NUM> under consideration was tested for vertical load in the laboratory of Department for Civil Engineering and Geodesy at Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad, and the following results were obtained:.

On the basis of the conducted test, it was concluded that the installation of the sheet under consideration does not endanger the local and general stability of the walls, as well as of the building as a whole, or that the HIO rail has a satisfactory compressive strength corresponding to conventional masonry mortars and also a satisfactory rigidity, which provides load transfer without wall subsidence, and after curing of the injected mortar, is a unique coupling which provides wall load-bearing capacity and water-permeability in the wall cut zone.

The process of applying the invention takes place in the following stages:.

If a damp masonry wall built of brick in lime mortar, wall thickness d = <NUM>, is to be hydro-isolated, it is cut through a joint with a diamond wire saw, with a cutting height of <NUM> for this type of machine and cutting tool.

The cut is then mechanically cleaned of loose particles of mortar or brick, aggregate, and then cement-polymeric mass is injected into the cleaned cut with a high-pressure pump, which after polymerization makes a new joint stronger to vertical and horizontal loads.

The total width of the plastic semi-rigid sheet profiled by supporting ribs with haunches is L, the length of the sheet may be unlimited, and the height of the ribs R is h.

For example, we stated that the height of the wall cut was <NUM> and wall thickness was d = <NUM>. From the long piece we cut <NUM> long sheet, after which the cut piece is precisely sanded to the height h = <NUM>.

Thus prepared sheet with a new height of <NUM> is knocked in the injected cut with light hammer blows, with excess height h1 of ribs R (h1 = <NUM>) completely securing the building against subsidence.

The industrial production of the invention in question is possible in factories for the production of plastic objects and equipment, and even in well-equipped craft workshops for the manufacture of plastic products. The invention sheet can be made according to the workshop documentation that can be easily made by experts in this field using the descriptions and drawings in this application.

The invention is suitable for batch production and its use is particularly recommended for the restoration of moisture on massive structures exposed to moisture, such as e.g. monasteries, churches, palaces (cultural monuments), etc..

Tests have shown that such sheet are resistant to high loads, which successfully stops the penetration of capillary moisture from the foundation walls into the upper parts of the building and prevents wall subsidence, which leads to cracks and damage to walls during waterproofing work.

The application of the invention is also recommended in other facilities which are unsuitable for use due to moisture and the walls in which become dry after the installation of the sheet, so that the repaired building changes the micro-climate, becoming a healthy environment with significantly increased energy efficiency, since heating dry walls consumes incomparably less heat.

Claim 1:
A profiled waterproofing sheet (<NUM>) with reinforced vertical ribs (<NUM>) for the protection and repair of massive buildings without wall subsidence,
wherein the sheet (<NUM>) consists of a horizontal base plate (<NUM>) and supporting ribs (<NUM>) made by extraction on a hard polyvinyl chloride extruder with various additives to improve mechanical properties: hardness, strength, tearing, impact resistance, elasticity, water permeability, to improve resistance to various chemical agents: acids, bases, salts, to neutralize thermal influences, as well as with the addition of UV-stabilizer for increased resistance to ultraviolet radiation,
wherein the supporting ribs (<NUM>) are constructed integrally, perpendicularly to the base plate (<NUM>), equal with rounded upper edges (<NUM>), and male and female couplings (<NUM>, <NUM>) provided at the ends of the segments of the sheet (<NUM>), wherein the male coupling (<NUM>) is connected by a connector (<NUM>) to the base plate (<NUM>) and has the appearance of a tubular extension (<NUM>) with an outer diameter of <NUM> smaller than the diameter of the tubular opening (<NUM>) positioned in the center of the female coupling (<NUM>), while the female coupling (<NUM>) has a cross-section appearance of a modified "U" profile with bent arms (<NUM>) at an angle of <NUM> ° spaced apart from each other by a width of <NUM> greater than the thickness of the base plate (<NUM>),
characterized in that
at their connection points with the base plate (<NUM>) the supporting ribs (<NUM>) are symmetrically reinforced on both sides with concave haunches (<NUM>).