Patent Description:
The well-known and commonly used process for permanent waving keratin fibers involves reducing and oxidizing steps which are often perceived as fiber damaging and the results are very much dependent upon how the whole process is carried out. The fiber damage is especially due to the inappropriately selected, if not adjusted, processing period of the reducing composition. The hair may easily become overprocessed and appear, therefore, to have less strength, be brittle and especially not naturally feeling upon touching.

Another aspect is that the use and/or the need of heat application during processing of the reducing agent on the fibers. This is usually realized with an external electrical heating devices and, especially in Asian geography, a specially therefore designed machine so called heat perming machine is used. It is the observation of the applicant that unless the pre-reduced hair is processed with heat, almost no curls are obtained although the hair is considerably damaged. There is highly need for simplified and non-damaging processes for obtaining strong, natural feeling, homogenous permanent waving.

The <CIT> discloses a process for permanent waving hair wherein hair is treated with a reducing composition for a period of <NUM> and, without rinsing off, an alkaline composition was applied comprising alkali carbonates and hydrogen carbonates for a period of <NUM> and finally hair is applied an aqueous oxidizing composition. It has been observed that the process described therein does not deliver cosmetically acceptable hair qualities in terms of waving efficiency and especially in smoothness and softness.

Furthermore, <CIT> discloses a permanent shaping process wherein an acidic composition is mixed with an alkaline reducing agent composition and applied onto hair and after certain processing time an oxidizing composition is applied onto hair. The process does not deliver cosmetically appealing curls and hair qualities. Similar process to the above is disclosed in <CIT> wherein after treating hair with reducing composition, a composition comprising monovalent cation salt of organic acids is applied and finally hair is oxidized. This process as well have drawbacks in delivering less damage and effective curling to the hair which at the same time feels soft and smooth upon touching.

<CIT> discloses a permanent hair shaping process wherein the hair is treated with a first composition comprising an alkalizing and acidic compounds, with a composition comprising reducing composition, with the first composition again and finally with an oxidizing composition.

The inventors of the present invention has unexpectedly found out that application of an intermediate aqueous alkaline composition onto reduced keratin fibers, especially human hair, wherein the reducing composition is rinsed off, and subsequently neutralizing the hair with an aqueous acidic composition delivers soft and smooth hair with well-defined strong curls. The hair waved with such processes feels natural upon touching, has natural appearance with homogenous and intensive bouncy curls.

Thus, the first object of the present invention is a process for permanent waving keratin fibers, especially human hair, wherein,.

wherein the curlers are taken off from fibers before or during processing in step i or after the step i prior to rinsing off and/or drying.

The second object of the present invention is the use of a process of the present invention for achieving natural, intensive, homogeneous waves on keratin fibers, especially human hair.

The third object of the present invention is a kit for keratin fibers, especially human hair comprising the compositions used in the process above, namely an aqueous composition comprising one or more reducing agents, a non-reducing and non-oxidizing aqueous composition comprising one or more alkalizing agents and having a pH in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>, a non-reducing and non-oxidizing aqueous composition comprising one or more organic and/or inorganic acids and having a pH in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> and an aqueous composition comprising one or more oxidizing agents, preferably hydrogen peroxide or bromate salt.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to prevent fibers drying during processing, the fibers, especially human hair, are covered with e.g. foil or towel, especially during the periods the compositions comprising reducing agents, alkalizing agents and acids are left on the fibers.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the whole process is carried out at ambient temperature without using any heat and/or heating device. Without being bound by the theory, this should even further be beneficial to reduce hair damage and therefore contribute to healthy appearance and feeling of the fibers.

In the process of the present invention, an aqueous composition comprising one or more reducing agents is applied onto fibers. In principal any reducing agent of inorganic and organic ones and their mixtures are suitable for the purpose of the present invention. The preferred ones are inorganic and organic reducing agents.

Suitable inorganic reducing agents are sulfite and/or hydrogen sulfite salts such as sodium, potassium, ammonium and suitable organic reducing agents are thiogylcolic acid and/or its salts, cysteamine and/or its salts, thioglycerin and/or its salts, glycerin esters of thioglycolic acid and/or its salts, thiolactic acid and/or its salts, cysteine or its derivatives and/or its salts, and their mixtures. Preferred are thioglycolic acid and/or its salts, thiolactic acid and/or its salts, cysteine or its derivatives and/or its salts and sodium, potassium, ammonium sulfites and their mixtures. The most preferred are thioglycolic acid and/or its salts and sodium, potassium, ammonium sulfites, and their mixtures.

The total concentration of reducing agents in the aqueous composition of step b is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>%, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>%, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% by weight, calculated to the total of the aqueous composition.

The pH of the composition may be acidic or alkaline and preferably in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM> and most preferably it is alkaline and in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>. The pH may be adjusted with the known organic and/or inorganic acids and alkalizing agents (see below).

The aqueous composition comprising one or more reducing agents is left on the hair for a period of <NUM> to <NUM>, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM> and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM> at ambient temperature and without using any heat and/or heating device.

After rinsing off the fibers, the fibers are put on curlers and applied a non-reducing and non-oxidizing aqueous composition comprising one or more alkalizing agents and having a pH in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>. The composition is left on the hair for a period of <NUM> to <NUM>, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM> and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM> at ambient temperature and without using any heat and/or heating device.

The suitable alkalizing agents may be inorganic and organic ones and all well-known agents are suitable for the purpose of the present process. The pH of the composition is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM> and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM>. The pH may be adjusted by selecting the concentration of the alkalizing agent for achieving the required pH or alternatively may be adjusted using inorganic and/or organic acids.

The concentration of the alkalizing agents is adjusted as their NH<NUM> equivalent which may easily be determined by titrating the alkaline solution with a standard acidic solution and calculating the molar concentration of the alkalizing agent which is then expressed as molar equivalent NH<NUM>. Finally from the molar equivalent and from the molecular weight of NH<NUM>, the concentration in % is calculated. The titration is carried out at ambient temperature i.e. at approximately <NUM>. Accordingly, the ammonia equivalent concentration must be in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>%, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>%, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% by weight calculated to the total of the composition as ammonia equivalent determined by titration method at ambient temperature.

Suitable alkalizing agents are the alkali hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia and its salts such as ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphates such as ammonium dihydrogen phopshate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, diammonium sodium phosphate, ammonium sodium hydrogen phosphate or ammonium disodium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium bromide, ammonium iodide, ammonium thiosulfate, ammonium molybdate, ammonium vanadate, ammonium sulfamate, ammonium citrate, ammonium salicylate, ammonium valerate, ammonium tartarate, ammonium benzoate, ammonium acetate, ammonium formiate and ammonium lactate, guanidine and its salts such as guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine carbonate, guanidine bicarbonate, and an alkyl or alkanol amine according to the general structure
<CHM>
wherein R<NUM>, R<NUM>, and R<NUM> are same or different H, from C<NUM> to C<NUM>, C<NUM> to C<NUM> unsaturated alkyl, C<NUM> to C<NUM> branched alkyl, C<NUM> to C<NUM> hydroxyl alkyl, C<NUM> to C<NUM> unsaturated hydroxyl alkyl, C<NUM> to C<NUM> branched hydroxyl alkyl, with the condition that at least one of R<NUM>, R<NUM>, or R<NUM> is different from H, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoethanol methylamine, monoethanoldimethylamine, di-ethanolmethylamine, monoethanolethylamine, monoethanoldiethylamine, diethanolethylamine, monoethanolpropylamine, monoethanoldipropylamine, diethanolpropylamine, monoethanolbutylamine, diethanolbutylamine and amino methyl propanol and their mixtures.

Preferred are ammonia and its salts, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, amino methyl propanol, guanidine salts and their mixtures. The most preferred are ammonia, ammonium chloride, guanidine carbonate, monoethanolamine and amino methyl propanol and their mixtures.

After an optional rinse off step, a non-reducing and non-oxidizing aqueous composition is applied onto hair comprising one or more organic and/or inorganic acids and having a pH in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>. pH of the composition is preferably in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM> and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM>.

The composition in step g is optionally left on the hair for a period of <NUM> to <NUM>, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM> and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM> at ambient temperature and without using any heat and/or heating device.

Suitable organic acids are citric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, tartaric acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and their salts. Preferred are citric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, malic acid and their salts.

Suitable inorganic acids are phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid and their respective salts. Preferred are phosphoric acid and its respective salts.

The total concentration of acids is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>%, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% more preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% by weight, calculated to the total of the composition.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to obtain optimal permanent shaping results, the alkalinity and acidity of the aqueous non-oxidizing/non-reducing alkaline and acidic compositions are so adjusted that the <NUM>:<NUM>, by weight, (equal amount) mixture of the two compositions has a pH in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>, preferably <NUM> to <NUM> and more preferably <NUM> to <NUM>.

After optional rinsing off the aqueous composition comprising one or more acids - step h of the process, an aqueous composition comprising one or more oxidizing agents, preferably hydrogen peroxide or a bromate salt is applied onto hair and left on the hair for <NUM> to <NUM>, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM> and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM> at ambient temperature without application of any heat and/or heating device.

The fibers are preferably rinsed off at the end of the above referred processing time. Optionally the oxidizing composition may also be left on the hair, i.e. not rinsed off from hair.

The total concentration of one or more oxidizing agents, preferably hydrogen peroxide or bromate salt, in the aqueous composition is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>%, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>%, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% by weight, calculated to the total of the aqueous composition.

In general the pH of the oxidizing composition is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>. The pH of the composition is depending on the oxidizing agent comprised in the composition. In case of hydrogen peroxide a pH in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> is suitable. In case of sodium bromate a pH of <NUM> to <NUM> is suitable. pH of the composition may be adjusted using inorganic and/or organic acids and bases well known in the art.

The curlers are being taken off from hair prior to application of the aqueous oxidizing composition or during the period the aqueous composition is left on the hair or after rinsing off the aqueous oxidizing composition. The preferred is the curlers are taken off from hair after rinsing off the aqueous oxidizing composition.

In case that the aqueous oxidizing composition is not rinsed off from hair, the curlers may be taken off from hair either after application of the oxidizing composition or prior to application of the oxidizing composition.

In the following, all reported concentrations must be understood as relative to each of the compositions because, firstly, the compositions are not mixed with each other and secondly, the same ingredient disclosed must not be comprised in all of the compositions, although this may be possible.

Aqueous compositions, all four or one or two or three advantageously comprise a thickening agent, preferably a thickening polymer. Suitable and preferred ones are thickening polymers such as polysaccharides such as alginate, pectinate, xanthan, hydroxypropyl xanthan or dehydroxanthan, non-ionic polysaccharides such as cellulose ethers (e.g., methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), methyl hydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC), ethyl hydroxyethylcellulose (EHEC), methyl ethyl hydroxyethylcellulose (MEHEC)), starch or dextrins. Synthetic acrylate type of thickeners may as well be comprised such as acrylate copolymers and alkyl acrylates homo or copolymers also known as associative thickeners.

The concentration of the thickening polymer is very much dependent on the type of the thickening polymer and the targeted consistency (viscosity) of the compositions. Typically, the thickening polymers are comprised in the compositions at a concentration in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>%, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% by weight, calculated to the total of each of the composition.

Aqueous compositions, all four or one or two or three can comprise one or more fatty alcohols. Suitable fatty alcohols are the ones with the chain length of <NUM> to <NUM> C atoms which may be saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched which may as well be substituted. Non-limiting examples are myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, octyl dodecanol, cetostearyl alcohol, and their mixtures.

The total concentration of fatty alcohol is in the range from <NUM> to <NUM>%, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% by weight, calculated to total of each of the composition.

Aqueous compositions, all four or one or two or three, advantageously comprise one or more surfactants. Suitable ones are selected from anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric and cationic ones.

Anionic surfactants suitable are in principle known from the cleansing compositions. These are anionic surfactants of the sulfate, sulfonate, carboxylate and alkyl phosphate type, for example, the known C<NUM>-C<NUM>-alkyl sulfates, and in particular the respective ether sulfates, for example, C<NUM>-C<NUM>-alkyl ether sulfate, lauryl ether sulfate, especially with <NUM> to <NUM> ethylene oxide groups in the molecule, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide sulfates obtained by ethoxylation and subsequent sulfatation of fatty acid alkanolamides, and the alkali salts thereof, as well as the salts of long-chain mono- and dialkyl phosphates. Preferred anionic surfactants are alkyl sulphate surfactants especially lauryl sulphate and its salts.

Further suitable surfactants are nonionic surfactants. Non-limiting examples are long-chain fatty acid mono- and dialkanolamides, such as coco fatty acid mono- or diethanolamide and myristic fatty acid mono or diethanolamide, stearic acid mono or diethanolamide, alkyl polyglucosides with an alkyl group of <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, and with <NUM> to <NUM> glucoside units, sorbitan esters, such as polyethylene glycol sorbitan stearic, palmitic, myristic and lauric acid esters, fatty acid polyglycol esters or polycondensates of ethyleneoxide and propyleneoxide, as they are on the market, for example, under the trade name "PluronicsR", as well as fatty alcohol ethoxylates, C<NUM>-C<NUM>-fatty alcohol ethoxylates, known by the generic terms "Laureth", "Myristeth", "Oleth", "Ceteth", "Deceth", "Steareth" and "Ceteareth" according to the CTFA nomenclature, including addition of the number of ethylene oxide molecules, e.g., "Laureth-<NUM>": The average degree of ethoxylation thereby ranges between about <NUM> and about <NUM>, preferably about <NUM> and about <NUM>.

Suitable amphoteric surfactants are in particular the various known betaines such as alkyl betaines, fatty acid amidoalkyl betaines and sulfobetaines, for example, lauryl hydroxysulfobetaine; long-chain alkyl amino acids, such as cocoaminoacetate, cocoaminopropionate and sodium cocoamphopropionate and -acetate have also been proven suitable.

Suitable cationic surfactants are according to the general structure
<CHM>.

Typical examples of those ingredients are cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl trimonium chloride, dipalmitoyl dimonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl trimonuim chloride, dioleoylethyl dimethyl ammonium methosulfate, dioleoylethyl hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate.

The total concentration of one or more surfactants is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>%, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% and more preferably <NUM> - <NUM>% by weight, calculated to the total of each of the composition.

Further advantageously, aqueous compositions, all four, one or two or three, comprise one or more silicone compound, preferably silicone oil. Suitable and preferred ones are known with their CTFA adopted name as dimethicone and commercially available from Dow Corning under the trade name DC <NUM> with various viscosities.

Further advantageously, aqueous compositions, all four, one or two or three, comprise one or more cationic polymers as conditioning and/or thickening agents. Those are cationic cellulose type polymers know as Polymer JR type from Amerchol such as Polyquaternium <NUM> or cationic guar gum known with trade name Jaguar from Rhone-Poulenc and chemically for example Guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride. Furthermore, chitosan and chitin can also be included in the compositions as cationic natural polymers.

Furthermore, it has been found suitable those cationic polymers known with their CTFA category name Polyquaternium. Typical examples of those Polyquaternium <NUM>, Polyquaternium <NUM>, Polyquaternium <NUM>, Polyquaternium <NUM>, Polyquaternium <NUM>, Polyquaternium <NUM>, Polyquaternium <NUM>, Polyquaternium <NUM>, Polyquaternium <NUM>, Polyquaternium <NUM>, Polyquaternium <NUM>, Polyquaternium <NUM>, Polyquaternium <NUM>, Polyquaternium <NUM>, and Polyquaternium <NUM>.

Preferred are Polyquaternium -<NUM>, Polyquaternium -<NUM> and Polyquaternium <NUM>. The total concentration of cationic polymers may be in the range of <NUM> - <NUM>%, preferably <NUM> - <NUM>% by weight and more preferably <NUM> - <NUM>% by weight, calculated to total of each of the composition.

Further advantageously, aqueous compositions all four, one or two or three, comprise one or more aminated silicones which may be selected from amodimethicones and grafted aminated silicones. Suitable ones are available under various trade names such as DC <NUM>, Belsil from Wacker Chemie AG and know with the CTFA adopted name Amodimethicone, and Elastomer OS from Kao Corporation known with CTFA adopted name Polysilicone-<NUM>.

Furthermore, aqueous compositions, all four, one or two or three,, comprise one or more organic solvent which may act as penetration enhancer and/or solubilizing agent for the compounds not readily soluble in the aqueous medium. The suitable ones are <NUM>-phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, <NUM>-phenylethanol and <NUM>-benzyloxyethanol. Suitable aliphatic alcohols are ethanol, isopropanol, propanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol and <NUM>-pentanol.

Concentration of one or more organic solvent is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>%, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% and more preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% by weight calculated to the total of each of the composition.

The aqueous compositions, all four, one or two or three, may advantageously comprise urea, at a concentration in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>%, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% by weight calculated to the total of the compositions.

Additionally, the aqueous compositions, all four, one or two or three, comprise one or more polyols. Suitable ones are glycerine, phytantriol, panthenol, ethyleneglycol, polyethyleneglycols, propylene glycols such as <NUM>,<NUM> propylene glycol, <NUM>,<NUM>-propylene glycol and polypropylene glycols.

The total concentration of one or more polyol is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>%, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>%, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% by weight calculated to the total of each of the composition.

The aqueous compositions, all four, one or two or three, can comprise one or more amino acids and/or their water soluble salts. Suitable ones are glycine, histidine, citrullin, asaparagine, alanine, valine. Leucine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, phenylalanine, methinone, serine, tyrosine, threonine and glutamine.

The total concentration of one or more aminoacids and/or their water soluble salts is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>%, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>%, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM>% by weight calculated to the total of each of the composition.

Any of the compositions described in detail above may comprise ingredients customarily found in such compositions such as preservative, fragrance, chelating agents, radical scavenger, etc..

Following examples are to illustrate the invention, but not to limit it.

The pH of the above composition was adjusted to pH <NUM>.

The pH of the above composition was adjusted with sodium hydroxide to pH <NUM>.

The <NUM> to <NUM>, by weight, mixture of the aqueous alkaline and aqueous acidic compositions had a pH of approximately <NUM>.

A hair streak weighing approximately <NUM> and having a length of <NUM> is permanently waved using the above compositions. Firstly, the streak was washed with a commercially available shampoo composition and towel dried. Afterwards, the streak was dipped into the aqueous reducing composition and left in the solution for <NUM> and taken out and rinsed off with water. Afterwards, the streak was put on curlers with a diameter of <NUM> and dipped into the alkaline composition. After <NUM>, the streak was taken out and without rinsing off, it was dipped into the aqueous acidic composition. After <NUM>, the streak was taken out and rinsed off and dipped into the oxidizing composition for <NUM> and the curlers were taken off. It was observed that the streak was well waved, felt soft and smooth upon touching.

The pH of the above composition was adjusted with hydrochloric acid to pH <NUM>.

Using the above compositions, two hair streaks as in example <NUM> were permanently waved comparatively to the process disclosed in non-published pending previous application.

The hair streaks were shampooed and towel dried and the first reducing agent was applied and left on the streaks for <NUM>, Afterwards, the streaks were rinsed off with water. Both streaks were put onto curlers having a dimeter of <NUM>. Both streaks were soaked into the alkaline composition and left for <NUM>. Subsequently, one of the streaks was rinsed off and soaked into the oxidizing composition and the other streak, without rinsing off, was first soaked into acidic composition and left for <NUM>, rinsed off and afterwards soaked into the oxidizing composition. The streaks were left in oxidizing composition for <NUM> and taken out and subsequently rinsed off with water and the curlers were taken off. The streaks were dried with a hair drier.

It was observed that the streak which was soaked into acidic composition additionally was waved much more effectively and also felt smoother and softer upon touching. The streaks were analyzed by a panel of <NUM> hair dressers for their waving appearance, softness and smoothness in a scale <NUM> to <NUM> wherein <NUM> is not good at all and <NUM> is being the best performance. The following results were obtained for the streaks treated according to the present invention and comparative process according to the previous pending non published application.

From above results it is beyond any doubt that the process according to the process of the present invention delivers very much improved permanently waved hair. Since there is only one difference which is the treatment with an acidic composition, the improved results are clearly attributed to this step in the process.

The following compositions are used in the process of the present invention.

The composition was filled in an aerosol can with <NUM>% the above composition and <NUM>% propane butane mixture as the propellant. The can was equipped with a foam dispensing actuator and head.

Claim 1:
A process for permanently waving keratin fibers, especially human hair, wherein,
a- optionally, the fibers are washed and/or shampooed, and towel dried,
b- an aqueous composition comprising one or more reducing agent is applied and left on the fibers for a period of <NUM> to <NUM>,
c- the fibers are rinsed off,
d- the fibers are put on curlers,
e- a non-reducing and non-oxidizing aqueous composition comprising one or more alkalizing agent and having a pH in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>, preferably <NUM> to <NUM>, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM> and most preferably <NUM> to <NUM>, is applied onto fibers and left on the fibers for a period <NUM> to <NUM>,
f- optionally the fibers are rinsed off,
g- a non-reducing and non-oxidizing aqueous composition is applied onto fibers comprising one or more organic and/or inorganic acids and having a pH in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> and optionally left on the hair for a period <NUM> to <NUM>,
h- optionally the fibers are rinsed off,
i- an aqueous composition comprising one or more oxidizing agents, preferably hydrogen peroxide or bromate salt, is applied onto fibers and left on the fibers for a period <NUM> to <NUM>,
j- the fibers are optionally rinsed off, and
k- the fibers are dried,
wherein the curlers are taken off from fibers before or during processing in step i or after the step i prior to rinsing of and/or drying,
wherein, preferably the process as a whole is carried out at ambient temperature without using any heat and/or heating device.