Patent Description:
Fluid systems often include multiple valves arranged for mixing, switching, purging, and other such controls of one or more types of fluid, for example, for gas distribution employed in the manufacture of semiconductor wafers. While such fluid control systems may be constructed by welding or otherwise connecting individual valves in a desired configuration, such arrangements may be undesirable due to the time and cost of construction, potential leak points at the many connections, overall size of the assembly, and other such factors.

Multiple valve manifolds have often been used to address one or more of these issues by providing a single body block, machined for desired flow path arrangements, in which multiple valve assemblies are installed to control flow at multiple points within the multi- ported manifold body block. The manifold body block itself, however, may be expensive and difficult to machine, and may be limited in the shapes and orientations of internal ports that may be provided. Additionally, polished surface finish requirements for the manifold body flow paths may be difficult to maintain where the flow paths are extended and/or complex (non-straight).

<CIT> discloses a valve apparatus for selectively distributing the sequential passage of separate, organic fluids to a common receiver, such as a reaction vessel. <CIT> discloses a multi-valve structure used for distributing gas to various burners. <CIT> discloses a modular valve system for collecting and distributing fluids. <CIT> discloses a manifold constructed by additive manufacturing for use in semiconductor processing tools.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a manifold body includes first and second valve segments each comprising an annular upper perimeter wall portion defining a valve cavity and a lower base portion defining first and second flow ports, wherein the upper perimeter wall of the second valve segment includes a portion that is fused with an adjacent portion of the upper perimeter wall of the second valve segment, and a conduit segment defining a fluid flow path including a first leg flow path portion defining a conduit end portion and a second leg flow path portion extending from the first leg flow path portion to one of the first and second flow ports of the first valve segment.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a fluid component body includes an extended fluid flow path having one or more discontinuities adapted to provide increases in one or more of flow shear, flow compression, and flow incidence when the fluid flow path is treated with an abrasive laden fluid.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a fluid component body includes an internal fluid flow path having a pattern of surface discontinuities.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of fabricating a fluid component body includes forming a monolithic fluid component body including a valve segment having an annular upper perimeter wall portion defining a valve cavity and a lower base portion defining first and second flow ports, and a conduit segment extending from one of the first and second flow ports and including a conduit end portion defining a tubular portion extending in a first direction and spaced apart from a remainder of the fluid component body. The conduit end portion is bent from the first direct to a second direction.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of fabricating a fluid component includes forming, using additive manufacturing, a conduit having first and second portions connected by a central portion. The central portion of the conduit is bent to reorient the second portion of the conduit with respect to the first portion of the conduit.

Further advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art after considering the following description and appended claims in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:.

The Detailed Description merely describes exemplary embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims in any way. Additionally, while the geometries and arrangements of many of the manifold body features described herein are such that their production is facilitated by additive manufacturing, such as <NUM>-D printing, other manufacturing methods may be utilized to fabricate body components having one or more of the features described herein, such as, for example, stacked plate assembly, machining, welding, brazing, and casting (e.g., investment casting, sand casting, lost wax casting), independently or in combination.

In the present disclosure, the term "vertical" is used to describe a direction substantially perpendicular to a base (or bottom) surface of the fluid component body, and the term "horizontal" is used to describe a direction substantially parallel to the base surface of the fluid component body. It is to be understood that the fluid component body may be mounted or arranged in any suitable orientation (e.g., with the base surface of the fluid component body extending substantially vertically, or at some other angle).

<FIG> illustrates an exemplary conventional three-valve manifold <NUM> having a manifold body block <NUM> and diaphragm valves <NUM> installed in corresponding valve cavities <NUM> machined in the body block <NUM>. Each valve cavity <NUM> includes a recessed surface or trepan <NUM> and a bore wall <NUM> (<FIG>), with at least first and second ports <NUM>, <NUM> provided in the recessed surface <NUM>.

Referring to the cross-sectional view of <FIG>, each valve <NUM> includes a valve subassembly <NUM> and an actuator <NUM>. The exemplary valve subassemblies <NUM> each include a flexible diaphragm <NUM> and an annular seat carrier <NUM> received in the valve cavity <NUM> and including a lower seal portion <NUM> that seals against the recessed surface <NUM> around the first port <NUM> and an upper seal portion <NUM> that seals against the diaphragm <NUM> when the diaphragm is moved to the closed position. A threaded retainer <NUM> is installed in the valve cavity <NUM> to clamp the seat carrier <NUM> and diaphragm <NUM> against the recessed surface <NUM>, with an outer male threaded portion of the retainer <NUM> mating with an inner female threaded portion of the bore wall <NUM>. A male threaded bonnet portion <NUM> of the actuator <NUM> is threaded into a female threaded portion of the retainer <NUM> to connect the actuator <NUM> with the valve subassembly <NUM> and to position the actuator stem <NUM> for operative engagement (e.g., using intermediary button <NUM>) with the diaphragm <NUM>. A similar actuated valve assembly is shown and described in co- owned <CIT> (the" '<NUM> Patent").

According to an aspect of the present application, a multi-valve manifold body may be formed as a plurality of discrete valve body segments and conduit segments integrated into a single-piece, monolithic construction having a reduced size, weight, and raw material usage as compared to a corresponding manifold body block. <FIG> illustrates an exemplary three-valve manifold body <NUM> corresponding to (but not functionally identical to) the three- valve manifold body block <NUM> of <FIG>. As shown, the manifold body <NUM> includes a plurality of valve body segments 110a, 110b, 110c each having an upper perimeter wall portion 111a, 111b, 111c defining a valve cavity 112a, 112b, 112c, and a lower base portion 114a, 114b, 114c defining central flow ports 116a, 116b, 1116c and offset flow ports 117a, 117b, 117c.

The manifold body <NUM> further includes a plurality of conduit segments 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d having first leg (e.g., vertical) portions I2Ia, I2Ib, I2Ic, I2Id defining conduit end portions or tube ends <NUM> a, 123b, 123c, 123d for connection to fluid system components (e.g., conduits) in the fluid system (e.g., by welding or conduit fittings), and extending to second leg (e.g., horizontal) portions 122a, 122b, 122c, 122d extending to the flow ports 116a, 116b, 116c, 117a, 117b, 117c. In an exemplary embodiment, a fitting connector (e.g., a VCR® metal gasket face seal fitting gland) may be welded to the tube stub to facilitate connection with a fluid system.

While the conduit end portions <NUM> a, 123b, 123c, 123d of the illustrated embodiment extend substantially vertically upward, in other embodiments, the conduit end portions may extend in other directions, including, for example, at an upward non-vertical angle, horizontally, vertically downward, or at a downward non-vertical angle. Further, while such conduit end portions may be fabricated to extend in such directions, in other embodiments, the conduit end portions may be fabricated to extend in a first direction (e.g., vertically upward), and then be bent to extend in a second direction (e.g., horizontally). The conduit end portions may be specifically fabricated to facilitate such bending. For example, the conduit end portion may be formed or fabricated to have a reduced wall thickness on the portions of the conduit end portion subject to bending (e.g., at the axial location of the bend, and/or in the direction of the bend). As another example, the conduit end portion may be provided with a cross-sectional shape selected to facilitate bending- for example, an oblong or high aspect ratio cross-section (e.g., oval-shaped) having a minor diameter oriented in the direction of the intended bend. As yet another example, an external surface of the fluid component body may be provided with a bending limit feature, such as, for example, a boss, wall, protrusion, or other body structure sized and positioned to limit bending of the conduit end portion to a desired angle (e.g., by abutting an outer surface of the conduit end portion at the desired angle).

In the illustrated embodiment, surrounding each central flow port 116a, 116b, 116c is an annular seating portion 115a, 115b, 115c against which a valve seat component may be sealed. While many different valve subassemblies may be utilized, in an exemplary embodiment, the valve cavities 112a, 112b, 112c and seating portions 115a, 115b, 115c may be configured to accommodate the valve <NUM> and actuator <NUM> assemblies of the embodiment of <FIG> and <FIG>, and/or the valve and actuator assemblies of the above- '<NUM> Patent, with the perimeter wall portions 111a, 111b, 111c including female threaded portions for mating with male threaded portions of a seat carrier retaining insert.

Adjacent perimeter wall portions 111a, 111b, 111c of adjacent valve body segments 110a, 110b, 110c may be joined or fused together, for example, to facilitate manufacturing, to reduce overall size of the manifold body <NUM> and/or to strengthen or reinforce these wall portions. While the conduit end portions 123a, 123b, 123c may be similarly joined with one or more adjacent perimeter wall portions 111a, 111b, 111c, in the illustrated embodiment, the conduit end portions are spaced apart from the perimeter wall portions, and extend above an upper surface of the perimeter wall portions, to facilitate connection to the system (e.g., by welding or conduit fittings), for example, by allowing for lateral movement of the conduit end portions to accommodate tolerance deviations.

The base portions 114a, 114b, 114c may be tapered (e.g., to have an outer diameter smaller than an outer diameter of the perimeter wall), for example, to reduce material usage and/or to provide clearance for one or more of the horizontal flow path portions 121a, 121b, 121c, 121d, such that a horizontal flow path portion of a conduit segment is at least partially laterally aligned with the valve cavity of at least one of the valve segments.

Many different porting arrangements may be provided. In the illustrated embodiment, branch conduit segments 120a, 120b, 120c connect with corresponding ones of the offset flow ports 117a, 117b, 117c, and common conduit segment 120d connects with each of the central flow ports 116a, 116b, 116c, for example, to provide a three-component mixing arrangement, or a distribution arrangement.

Many different manifold body configurations may be provided, including, for example, manifold bodies accommodating different numbers of valve assemblies. Additionally, many different manifold body configurations may be provided, including, for example, manifold bodies accommodating different numbers of valve assemblies, such as, for example, the valve and actuator assemblies of <FIG> and <FIG>, and/or the valve and actuator assemblies of the above '<NUM> Patent.

In the manifold body <NUM> of <FIG>, apertured mounting bosses <NUM> are provided to facilitate mounting of the manifold within a system (e.g., to a plate or other such base component of a fluid system). As shown, the mounting bosses may be joined or fused with an adjacent perimeter wall portion 111a, 111c to facilitate manufacturing, to reduce overall size of the manifold body <NUM> and/or to strengthen or reinforce these joined portions. The mounting bosses <NUM> may additionally be provided with tapers and/or counterbores, for example, to facilitate centering the head of the installed fastener (e.g., mounting screw, not shown).

In other exemplary embodiments, the manifold body may be adapted for other types of mounting or installation arrangements. For example, the manifold body may be formed as an end plate or lid, for example, for a canister, to provide for sampling, purging, or other such fluid control to and/or from the canister. <FIG> illustrate an exemplary five-valve manifold body <NUM> (for use, for example with the valve and actuator assemblies of <FIG> and <FIG>, or the valve and actuator assemblies of the above '<NUM> Patent), having a lower plate or lid portion <NUM> sized to be welded or otherwise sealed to an open end of a canister (not shown). As shown, the manifold body <NUM> includes five valve body segments <NUM>10a-e each having an upper perimeter wall portion 311a-e defining a valve cavity 312a-e, and a lower base portion 314a-e joined with the lower plate <NUM> and defining central flow ports 316a-e (with surrounding seating portions 315a-e) and offset flow ports 317a-e, 318c-d, and a plurality of conduit segments 320a-h (best shown in <FIG>) extending from the flow ports 316a-e, 317a-e.

In the exemplary arrangement, first and second conduit segments 320a, 320b are defined by vertical passages 32Ia, 32Ib through the lower plate <NUM> from central flow ports 316a, 316b of first and second valve segments 310a, 310b to a lower surface <NUM> of the lower plate (e.g., for extraction of fluid samples from the canister). A third conduit segment 320c extends from an offset port 317a of the first valve segment <NUM> I0a to a central port 316c of a third valve segment 310c, with a horizontal portion 322c of the conduit segment 320c being partially disposed in the lower plate <NUM>. A fourth conduit segment 320d extends from an offset port 317b of the second valve segment to a central port <NUM> I6d of a fourth valve segment 310d, with a horizontal portion 322d of the conduit segment 320d being partially disposed in the lower plate <NUM>. A fifth conduit segment 320e extends from an offset port 317c of the third valve segment 320c to a central flow port <NUM> I6e of a fifth valve segment <NUM> I0e, with a horizontal portion 322e of the conduit segment 320e being partially disposed in the lower plate <NUM>. A sixth conduit segment 320f extends from an offset port 317e of the fifth valve segment 310e to an offset port 317d of the fourth valve segment 310d, with a horizontal portion 322f of the conduit segment 320f being partially disposed in the lower plate <NUM>. A seventh conduit segment <NUM> includes a horizontal portion <NUM> extending from a second offset port 318c of the third valve segment 310c, and partially disposed in the lower plate <NUM>, to a vertical end portion <NUM> extending upward from the lower plate <NUM> and defining a conduit end portions <NUM> providing an inlet/outlet port for connection to fluid system components (e.g., conduits) in the fluid system (e.g., by welding or conduit fittings). An eighth conduit segment <NUM> includes a horizontal portion <NUM> extending from a second offset port 318d of the fourth valve segment 310d, and partially disposed in the lower plate <NUM>, to a vertical end portion <NUM> extending upward from the lower plate <NUM> and defining a conduit end portions <NUM> providing an inlet/outlet port for connection to fluid system components (e.g., conduits) in the fluid system (e.g., by welding or conduit fittings).

As shown, a supply/drain port <NUM> may be provided with a passage <NUM> through the lower plate, for example, for quick filling or drainage of the canister. The port <NUM> may be plugged or otherwise sealed during normal operation of the canister.

Adjacent perimeter wall portions <NUM> a-e of adjacent valve body segments <NUM>10a-e may be joined or fused, for example, to reduce overall size of the manifold body <NUM> and/or to strengthen or reinforce these wall portions. While the conduit end portions <NUM>, <NUM> may be similarly joined with one or more adjacent perimeter wall portions 311a-e, in the illustrated embodiment, the conduit end portions are spaced apart from the perimeter wall portions, and extend above an upper surface of the perimeter wall portions, to facilitate connection to the system (e.g., by welding or conduit fittings), for example, by allowing for lateral movement of the conduit end portions to accommodate tolerance deviations. The base portions 314a-e may be tapered, for example, to reduce material usage and/or to provide clearance for one or more of the horizontal flow path portions.

The overall shape and internal flow path arrangements of a fluid component body (e.g., a manifold body) may make the body difficult to manufacture using conventional machining, molding, or casting techniques. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a fluid component body, for example, the manifold bodies <NUM>, <NUM> of <FIG> and <FIG>, may be fabricated using additive manufacturing to produce a monolithic body having discrete, but partially joined or fused, valve segments and conduit segments. Examples of additive manufacturing techniques that may be utilized include, for example: laser powder bed fusion (direct metal laser sintering or "DMLS," selective laser sintering/melting or "SLS/SLM," or layered additive manufacturing or "LAM"), electron beam powder bed fusion (electron beam melting or 'EBM"), ultrasonic additive manufacturing ("UAM"), or direct energy deposition (laser powder deposition or "LPD," laser wire deposition or "LWD," laser engineered net-shaping or "LENS," electron beam wire deposition). Providing a manifold body as a single, monolithic component may eliminate assembly costs, reduce component wear, reduce adverse effects from heat cycling, improve corrosion behavior (galvanic effects, crevice, stress corrosion cracking), and reduce lead time to manufacture. Further, fabrication using additive manufacturing may reduce the amount of raw material used, and may reduce the size and weight of the finished body.

While the conduit end portions <NUM>, <NUM> of the illustrated embodiment extend substantially vertically upward, in other embodiments, the conduit end portions may extend in other directions, including, for example, at an upward non-vertical angle, horizontally, vertically downward, or at a downward non-vertical angle. Further, while such conduit end portions may be fabricated to extend in such directions, in other embodiments, the conduit end portions may be fabricated to extend in a first direction (e.g., vertically upward, horizontally), and then be bent to extend in a second direction (e.g., horizontally, vertically). For example, for components having significant longitudinal, lateral, and vertical dimensions, 3D printing or other additive manufacturing can be more time consuming and more costly. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a 3D printed fluid component extending primarily in first and second dimensions (e.g., longitudinal and lateral) may be configured to have one or more portions (e.g., one or more end ports or connecting ports) bent to extend primarily or significantly in a third dimension (e.g., vertical), thereby providing a finished fluid component having significant longitudinal, lateral, and vertical dimensions while reducing 3D printing time and cost.

The conduit end portions may be specifically fabricated to facilitate such bending. For example, the conduit end portion may be formed or fabricated to have a reduced wall thickness on the portions of the conduit end portion subject to bending (e.g., at the axial location of the bend, and/or in the direction of the bend). As another example, the conduit end portion may be provided with a cross-sectional shape selected to facilitate bending- for example, an oblong or high aspect ratio cross-section (e.g., oval-shaped) having a minor diameter oriented in the direction of the intended bend. As still another example, a port or conduit portion formed to be bent in a post-fabrication operation may be shaped and/or orientated to promote a hinging action for desired bending of the conduit. As yet another example, an external surface of the fluid component body may be provided with a bending limit feature, such as, for example, a boss, wall, protrusion, or other body structure sized and positioned to limit bending of the conduit end portion to a desired angle (e.g., by abutting an outer surface of the conduit end portion at the desired angle).

<FIG> illustrates an exemplary port or conduit <NUM> of a 3D printed fluid component. The conduit <NUM> includes first and second longitudinally extending portions <NUM>, <NUM>, first and second vertically extending portions <NUM>, <NUM>, and a U-shaped portion <NUM> connecting the vertically extending portions. The longitudinally extending portions <NUM>, <NUM> may extend to other portions of the fluid component (as schematically represented at <NUM> and <NUM> in <FIG>), such as valve bodies or end fittings. The vertically extending portions <NUM>, <NUM> are provided with an oblong or high aspect ratio cross-section (e.g., oval-shaped) to facilitate bending of the second longitudinally extending portion into an orientation substantially orthogonal to the first longitudinally extending portion, as shown in <FIG> and <FIG>. In another embodiment (not shown), the port may additionally or alternatively include a U- shaped portion having an oblong or high aspect ratio cross-section (e.g., oval-shaped) to facilitate bending at the U-shaped portion.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, one or more cross-sectional portions (e.g., oblong cross-sectional portions, as described herein) of a 3D printed conduit may be fabricated with internal supports (e.g., an internal lattice) configured to maintain the shape of the conduit portion during 3D printing and/or bending. Once the conduit portion has been bent to a desired configuration, the internal supports may be removed, for example, by using abrasive flow machining (AFM), by which an abrasive-laden fluid is pumped through the conduit to break or erode away the internal supports. Alternatively, the internal supports may be removed (e.g., by AFM, as discussed above) prior to bending, for example, to provide for greater flexibility of the conduit. <FIG> illustrates an exemplary cross-section of an oblong conduit portion <NUM> including internal lattice supports <NUM>.

The conduit or port may be bent using tools configured to bend the second longitudinal portion, with respect to the first longitudinal portion, to a consistent desired orientation (e.g., substantially orthogonal). In other embodiments, the fluid component may be provided with one or more external stop portions configured to provide a positive stop to the bending operation when the longitudinal portions have reached the desired bent orientations. In the embodiment of <FIG> and <FIG>, first and second stop portions <NUM>, <NUM> extend from exterior surfaces of the longitudinal conduit portions and are sized to contact exterior surfaces of the U-shaped conduit portion <NUM> (as shown in <FIG>) when the vertical conduit portions <NUM>, <NUM> have bent to position the longitudinal conduit portions <NUM>, <NUM> in the desired orientation. In some embodiments, the stop portions may be sized or positioned to allow for slight over-bending beyond the desired orientation, for example, to account for spring back inherent in the material used (e.g., stainless steel or other metals).

Still other arrangements may be utilized to facilitate conduit bending to a desired limit. <FIG> and <FIG> illustrate an exemplary 3D printed conduit <NUM> having first and second longitudinal portions <NUM>, <NUM> and a central bending portion <NUM> having a reduced wall thickness to facilitate bending, and a row of spaced apart protrusions <NUM>, disposed along a surface intended to be the inner diameter of the bend, that engage each other (see <FIG>) at a desired bend orientation (e.g., approximately <NUM>°), including adjacent stop portions <NUM> (see <FIG>) that engage each other to provide a controlled, uniform bend with an engineered bend radius, thereby preventing kinking or other bending artifacts that may result from a non- uniform bend. In some embodiments, the stop portions <NUM> may be sized or positioned to allow for slight over-bending beyond the desired orientation, to account for spring back inherent in the material used (e.g., stainless steel or other metals).

According to another aspect of the present application, additional features or arrangements may be provided to secure the bent conduit in the desired configuration. For example, contacting external surfaces (e.g., conduit surfaces and stop portions) may be joined or fused (e.g., tack-welding or adhesive) to secure the conduit in the desired bent position. As another example, external structural features may be provided to effect a press fit, snap-fit or mating engagement in the desired bent condition. <FIG> illustrates an exemplary 3D printed conduit <NUM>, similar to the conduit <NUM> of <FIG> and <FIG>, having snap-fit latch portions <NUM>, <NUM> extending from the first and second longitudinal portions of the conduit. When the conduit <NUM> is bent to the desired configuration, the latch portions <NUM>, <NUM> snap into interlocking engagement with each other to secure the bent conduit in the desired configuration. While the conduit <NUM> is shown with spaced apart bend controlling protrusions <NUM>, similar to the protrusions <NUM> of the conduit <NUM> of <FIG> and <FIG>, in other embodiments, bendable conduits having snap-fit latch portions may be provided without additional bend limiting features, or with different bend limiting features.

In addition to accommodating different valve and/or conduit segment arrangements in a fluid component body, as described above, additive manufacturing of the fluid component body may facilitate incorporation of additional features. For example, additive manufacturing may be utilized to produce one or more internal flow paths in a fluid component body that are configured to include one or more flow path discontinuities along one or more legs of the internal flow path, including, for example, deviations in flow path cross-sectional shape, cross-sectional size, flow path center line, and internal surface characteristics. Many different types of flow path discontinuities may be provided to facilitate a variety of flow conditions.

By way of example, in some applications, fluid system flow paths require a very smooth or highly polished surface finish, for example, to minimize the generation of particle contamination or fluid entrapment. For long and/or complex (non-straight) flow paths (e.g., the elbow-shaped flow path <NUM> of <FIG>), polishing may be accomplished using abrasive flow machining (AFM) or abrasive flow finishing (AFF), by which an abrasive-laden fluid is pumped through a workpiece to remove or erode surface material from rough internal flow path surfaces to produce smoother, polished surfaces. This process can be relatively inefficient, particularly for long, straight cylindrical flow paths which limit the shear action of the abrasive fluid along the flow path walls. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, extended internal flow paths may be adapted to provide flow path discontinuities configured to provide increases in one or more of flow shear, flow compression, and flow incidence for accelerated erosion of the flow path surfaces. In some applications, a first portion of the flow path (e.g., a first leg or vertical portion <NUM> of the flow path <NUM>) may extend to an external surface of the fluid component body and may be more easily accessed by conventional mechanical polishing techniques, and therefore may be provided without flow path discontinuities along certain portions of the flow path, with the discontinuities being limited to, or concentrated in, a second portion of the flow path (e.g., a horizontal or second leg portion <NUM> of the flow path <NUM>).

Many different types of flow path discontinuities may be provided in accordance with the present disclosure. As one example, a flow path may be provided with a varying cross-sectional shape, for example, to increase the shear action of the abrasive laden fluid against the flow path walls. The cross-sectional shape of the flow path may be varied between two or more suitable shapes, including, for example, circular, oval, square, rectangular, and triangular, as well as more complex shapes, including a teardrop shape. <FIG> illustrates an exemplary elbow shaped flow path 400a having a circular cross-section at a first cross-sectional plane 411a (e.g., along the first leg flow path portion 410a) and a teardrop cross-section at a second cross-sectional plane 421a (e.g., along the second leg flow path portion 420a), with the transition from circular to teardrop cross-section occurring along the bend in the elbow. In the exemplary manifold body <NUM> of <FIG>, horizontal flow path portions 122a, 122d are provided with a similar teardrop-shaped cross-section, as shown in <FIG>. In other embodiments, additional or alternative cross-sectional shape changes may be provided, for example, along the length of the first leg flow path portion 410a and/or along the length of the second leg flow path portion 420a. A flow path of varying cross- sectional shape may, but need not, be configured to have a substantially constant cross- sectional area along the length of the flow path, for example, to maintain the desired flow properties while providing increased shear action against the flow path walls as a result of the changing cross-sectional shape. Additionally or alt.

In another exemplary embodiment, a flow path may be provided with a varying cross-sectional area, for example, to increase compression of the abrasive laden fluid at the smaller cross-sectional area (or "necked down") portions, to increase the erosive effects at or near these necked down portions. <FIG> illustrates an exemplary elbow shaped flow path 400b having first leg and second leg flow path portions 410b, 420b with varying cross-sectional areas at various cross-sectional planes 411b, 4I2b, 42Ib, 422b along the length of the flow path 400b. In the illustrated embodiment, the first leg flow path portion 410b varies in cross- sectional area between a maximum area cross-sectional plate 411b and a minimum area cross-sectional plane 412b, and the second leg flow path portion 420b varies in cross- sectional area between a maximum area cross-sectional plate 421b and a minimum area cross-sectional plane 422b. In other embodiments, portions of the flow path (e.g., the entire first leg flow path portion) may have a uniform cross-sectional area. A flow path of varying cross-sectional size may, but need not, be configured to have a substantially constant cross- sectional shape (e.g., circular) along the length of the flow path. Flow through the flow path may be primarily limited by the smallest cross-sectional area along the length of the flow path, and the flow path may be sized accordingly.

In some such exemplary embodiments, longer flow channels in a fluid component body may be configured to provide progressively restricted flow in the direction of fluid flow (e.g., inlet to outlet, or inlet to port center point), for example, to improve the efficacy of abrasive flow finishing. The internal surfaces may be gradually tapered radially inward, or more sharply tapered (e.g., stepped) radially inward, or by a combination of two or more types of flow path profiles. The desired amount of flow path restriction may be based at least in part on the relative pressure loss of the abrasive laden fluid (which may be a function of viscosity and frictional losses, for example, due to abrasive cutting forces), with more aggressive media (with higher pressure losses) potentially benefitting from more aggressive flow path tapering. This restriction in flow area may be correlated to a length of the passage, for example, with the flow path area reduction being quantified as a percentage reduction in area per inch of port length (e.g., <NUM>% - <NUM>% per inch of port length).

In another exemplary embodiment, a flow path may be provided with non-linear flow path portions having a varying center line (i.e., non-coaxial), for example, to change direction of the flow path to affect the angle of incidence of the abrasive laden fluid against the walls of the flow path, to increase the erosive effects on the flow path walls. Many different types of non-linear flow paths may be utilized. <FIG> illustrates an exemplary elbow shaped flow path 400c having first leg and second leg flow path portions 410c, 420c with a curved helical flow path resulting in variations in the center line locations at various cross-sectional planes 411c, 412c, 421c, 422c along the length of the flow path 400c. In the illustrated embodiment, the first leg and second leg flow path portions 410c, 420c are provided with continuously varying center lines resulting from a continuous helical pattern. In other embodiments, portions of the flow path (e.g., the entire first leg flow path portion) may have a constant center line (i.e., substantially linear). A flow path of varying cross-sectional size may, but need not, be configured to have a substantially constant cross-sectional shape (e.g., circular) and a substantially constant cross-sectional size along the length of the flow path.

In other embodiments, a flow path maybe provided with two or more of: (a) a varying cross-sectional shape, (b) a varying cross-sectional area, and (c) a varying center line. <FIG> illustrates an exemplary elbow shaped flow path 400d having first leg and second leg flow path portions 410d, 420d with varying cross-sectional shapes, areas, and center lines at various cross-sectional planes 411d, 412d, 421d, 422d along the length of the flow path 400d.

Additive manufacturing of the fluid component body may facilitate incorporation of additional features. As another example, the internal flow path surfaces of a fluid component body may be textured to affect fluid flow properties, such as, for example, altering turbulent flow conditions and/or reducing the propensity for contaminants or process fluid adsorbing to the internal surfaces. As one example, a flow path may be formed with an internal surface provided with a pattern of surface discontinuities, such as, for example, dimples, raised protuberances, grooves, or other such surface features. These surface discontinuities may, for example, be quantified based on depth and/or surface area (e.g., axial length, circumferential width, diameter) as a percentage of a flow path dimension, such as, for example, bore diameter. In one such exemplary embodiment, a flow path internal surface is provided with an array of spherical dimples having a spherical radius of approximately I/I0th of the effective bore diameter, and a dimple depth of approximately <NUM>/<NUM>th of the effective bore diameter. Such dimples may, for example, be spaced to achieve approximately <NUM>% surface density on the bore inner diameter.

As another example, additive manufacturing may be utilized to provide portions of the flow path(s) that are layered with a material or materials having a desired thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, hardness, or other such properties.

Claim 1:
A manifold body (<NUM>) comprising:
first and second valve segments (110a, 110b) each comprising an annular upper perimeter wall portion (111a, 111b) defining a valve cavity (112a, 112b) and a lower base portion (114a, 114b) defining first and second flow ports (116a, 116b; 117a, 117b), wherein the upper perimeter wall portion of the first valve segment includes a portion that is fused with an adjacent portion of the upper perimeter wall of the second valve segment; and
a conduit segment (120a) defining a fluid flow path including a first leg flow path portion (121a) defining a conduit end portion (123a) and a second leg flow path portion (122a) extending from the first leg flow path portion to one of the first and second flow ports of the first valve segment;
characterized in that:
the lower base portion of at least one of the first and second valve segments has an outer diameter that is smaller than an outer diameter of the corresponding upper perimeter wall portion, to provide clearance for the second leg flow path portion of the conduit segment, which is at least partially laterally aligned with the valve cavity of the at least one of the first and second valve segments.