Patent Description:
There are many instances in the building, repair and restoration industries where it is necessary to access side surfaces and undersurfaces of a structure being worked on and access to these surfaces from below (e.g., erecting standard scaffolding) is not practical or impossible. Some examples are bridges, and particularly arched bridges, for example, which span a gorge or river. It is oftentimes difficult to access the undersurfaces of these bridges because scaffolding cannot be built upward from the ground, and the presence of arches, which creates a surface of continually changing heights, makes access even more difficult. The same is true with certain side surfaces.

Suspended scaffolding is known and may be used in certain instances to access such side surfaces and undersurfaces. Suspended scaffolding comes with its own difficulties. For example, it may not be practical or possible to suspend scaffolding in a location from which workers are able to access the necessary surface. The length of a surface may also be a limiting factor. If the structure being accessed spans a great length, the amount of suspended scaffolding may require multiple rounds of assembly/disassembly to complete the entire job. Further, and particularly with arched structures, the suspended scaffolding may need to have multiple levels resulting in further complexity and time in assembly/disassembly.

Therefore, in view of the foregoing, it would be advantageous to provide a system or structure that addresses one or more of the above deficiencies or other problems. Monorail assemblies are for example known from <CIT>, <CIT>, <CIT>, <CIT> or <CIT>.

The present invention provides a monorail assembly as defined in the claims.

Although certain preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be shown and described in detail, it should be understood that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims. The scope of the present disclosure will in no way be limited to the number of constituting components, the materials thereof, the shapes thereof, the relative arrangement thereof, etc., and are disclosed simply as an example of an embodiment. The features and advantages of the present disclosure are illustrated in detail in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the drawings.

As a preface to the detailed description, it should be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

Articulation, as used herein, is defined as the capability to swing, and/or rotate, about a pivot point or axis.

As used herein, the terms "single section," "unit," or "single unit," when used in reference to a scaffold system, referto a planar structure composed of at least three corners and the elongated members (e.g., joist, bars, framework, etc.) and other structures which support and define a flooring area. The terms "section" and/or "unit" can be used interchangeably. Moreover, it will be appreciated that adjacent sections or units of a scaffold system may share one or more components, e.g., two adjacent sections of a scaffold system may have a common corner or share a framework member.

<FIG> is a side schematic view of a plurality, specifically three, monorail systems <NUM> employed with respect to a structure <NUM>. Specifically, shown in <FIG> is a scaffold system <NUM> containing a plurality of monorail assemblies <NUM> in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, and <FIG> is a detailed view of callout 1B of <FIG>. Shown in <FIG> and <FIG> is structure <NUM>, which in the present embodiment is an arched bridge, but in further embodiments may be any structure to be accessed. Each arch <NUM> of the bridge includes <NUM> distinct surfaces - two side surfaces 91a, 91b (not shown) and a lower (under) surface 91c. In order to access each of the three surfaces 91a, 91b, 91c, the bridge <NUM> includes four monorail assemblies <NUM>, two on either side of the bridge <NUM>. Each of the monorail assemblies <NUM> is secured to the under portion of a scaffold system <NUM>, an exemplary embodiment of which is shown in <FIG>.

The monorail assemblies <NUM> are used to suspend further scaffold systems <NUM>. In the exemplary embodiment shown in <FIG>, suspended from the monorail assemblies <NUM> is a total of three scaffold systems - one to access each of the three surfaces 91a, 91b and 91c. To access the side surfaces 91a, 91b, a scaffold system is suspended from a single monorail assembly <NUM> on either side of the bridge <NUM>. That is, each of the scaffold systems used to access the side surfaces 91a, 91b is suspended from a single monorail assembly <NUM>. In contrast, the scaffold system used to access the underside surface 91c is suspended from two monorail assemblies <NUM> such that the scaffold system spans the width of the underside surface 91c and is supported on both ends.

Together, each monorail assembly (or monorail assemblies) <NUM>, the scaffold system to which the monorail assembly (or assemblies) is (are) attached <NUM>, and the scaffold system suspended from the monorail assembly (or assemblies) form a monorail system <NUM>. Each monorail system <NUM> is operatively connected to a generator <NUM> to provide power to the monorail system <NUM>. The generators <NUM> provide power to accomplish movement of the scaffold system <NUM> both along the monorail assembly (or assemblies) and vertically.

The monorail assembly <NUM> will not be described in further detail with reference to <FIG>.

<FIG> illustrates a monorail assembly <NUM>. In the embodiment shown, the monorail assembly <NUM> is secured to under structures of a work platform system <NUM>. The monorail assembly <NUM> includes joist brackets <NUM>, monorail beams <NUM>, monorail joining bracket assemblies <NUM> and end stops <NUM> (only one shown).

<FIG> illustrate a joist bracket <NUM> in further detail. Each joist bracket <NUM> has two bracket plates <NUM>. Each bracket plate <NUM> has a generally stepped configuration with a lower wall <NUM> generally perpendicular to a first midwall <NUM>, a second midwall <NUM> generally perpendicular to the first midwall <NUM>, and an upper wall <NUM> generally perpendicularto the second midwall <NUM>. In the embodiment shown, the transitions <NUM> between the respective walls <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> is rounded; however, in further embodiments, the transitions may be sharp or more gradual. The lower wall <NUM> and upper wall <NUM> each contain a plurality of openings <NUM>, <NUM>, respectively, therethrough, each of which is capable of receiving a bolt. As shown perhaps best in <FIG>, openings <NUM> are tunneled openings, that is, the openings have a flange around them on one side. The plates <NUM> each include a further plurality of openings <NUM>, each opening of which extends through at least a portion of the upper wall <NUM> and first and second midwalls <NUM>, <NUM>. In the embodiment shown, each of the openings <NUM> of the further plurality of openings is squared.

Referring to <FIG>, specifically, when securing a joist bracket <NUM> to a scaffold frame member <NUM> of scaffold system <NUM>, two bracket plates <NUM> are used. The bracket plates <NUM> are positioned on either side of the frame member and secured together using a plurality of bolts <NUM> and nuts <NUM>.

In the embodiment shown, the scaffold frame member <NUM> has a structure similar to a truss having an upper chord <NUM> and a lower chord <NUM>, with a number of diagonal support members <NUM>. The point at which two diagonal support members <NUM> meet along a chord <NUM>, <NUM> is a panel point <NUM>. The joist bracket <NUM> is specifically designed to have a length which spans across at least two panel points <NUM>, with each panel point <NUM> contained between the plates <NUM> being aligned with an opening <NUM>. The upper walls <NUM> of the respective bracket plates <NUM> sandwich the diagonal support members <NUM>, but do not press against or exert a force on the diagonal support members <NUM>. The flanges of the tunneled openings <NUM> prevent the bracket plates <NUM> from tightening against the diagonal support members <NUM>. Rather, the second midwall <NUM> sits on and is supported by the lower chord <NUM>.

It will be appreciated that the exact dimensions and appearance of the bracket plates <NUM> and the joist bracket <NUM> overall may vary depending on the scaffold system with which the joist bracket <NUM> will be used. Specifically, the existence of panel points, distance between panel points, and shape of chords may all influence the specific design of the joist bracket <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrate an exemplary monorail beam <NUM>. A monorail beam <NUM> is an I-beam having a central member <NUM> with flanges <NUM> projecting from length of the central member <NUM> in a generally perpendicular direction relative to the central member <NUM>. The ends of the monorail beam <NUM> include a series of openings <NUM> which are used to secure various additional components of the monorail assembly <NUM> as described in further detail below.

To join monorail beams <NUM>, a joining bracket assembly <NUM> is used. <FIG> illustrate an exemplary joining bracket assembly <NUM> used in the present disclosure. In short, a joining bracket assembly <NUM> engages at least two of the openings <NUM> on one end of a first monorail beam <NUM> and at least two openings <NUM> on a second adjacent monorail beam <NUM>. The joining bracket assembly s <NUM> also secure a monorail beam <NUM> to the joist brackets <NUM>.

In the embodiment shown in <FIG>, each joining bracket assembly <NUM> includes a side plate <NUM>, a spacer plate <NUM> and a safety plate clamp <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, the side plate <NUM> as two portions - a first portion <NUM> which contacts the under surface of one of the flanges <NUM> of the monorail beam <NUM> and a second portion <NUM>wich contacts the central member <NUM> of the monorail beam <NUM>. The second portion <NUM> includes a first plurality of openings (not shown) and a second plurality of openings <NUM>. When the side plate <NUM> is properly aligned with a monorail beam <NUM>, the openings of the first plurality of openings are align with so as to be coaxial with at least two opening <NUM> of the monorail beam <NUM>. Bolts <NUM>, secured in place with nuts 661a pass through the coaxial openings to hold the side plate <NUM> to the monorail beam <NUM>. As will be shown with respect to <FIG>, openings of the second plurality of openings <NUM> align with additional openings <NUM> on the monorail beam <NUM> and receive pins to further secure monorail beams <NUM> to one another.

When properly in position, the first portion <NUM> is against the understand of one of the flanges <NUM> of the monorail beam <NUM> with spacer <NUM> flush against the flange <NUM> of the monorail beam <NUM>. Itwill be appreciate that spacer <NUM> will be likewise flush against the flange of a second adjacent monorail beam when the monorail beam <NUM> is connected to an adjacent monorail beam. A third spacer <NUM> is provided as a separate component on the side of the monorail beam <NUM> opposite the first portion <NUM>. Each of the spacers <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> includes at least one opening <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM>, respectively, therethrough which is configured to receive a bolt <NUM>.

As shown perhaps best in <FIG>, the spacers <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> extend the width of the first portion <NUM> and raise the height of the first portion <NUM>. The spacer plate <NUM> and safety plate clamp <NUM> then clamp around the upper flanges <NUM> of the monorail beam <NUM> to lock the joining bracket assembly <NUM> in position on the monorail beam <NUM>. The spacer plate <NUM> is a generally planar, rectangular structure having an opening <NUM> through the ends which, when positioned with respect to a first portion <NUM>, are coaxial with the at least one opening <NUM> and <NUM> of the spacer <NUM> and spacer <NUM>, respectively.

The safety plate clamp <NUM> is likewise a generally planar, rectangular structure having an opening <NUM> through the ends and a flange extension <NUM>. When positioned with respect to a first portion <NUM>, the openings <NUM> are coaxial with the respective openings <NUM> and at least one opening <NUM> of the spacer plate <NUM>, spacer <NUM> and spacer <NUM>, respectively. Bolts <NUM> extend through the respective coaxial openings <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> and are secured with a nut <NUM> to complete the joining bracket assembly <NUM>.

It will be appreciated that the structure of the joining bracket assembly <NUM> creates a space between the top of the flanges <NUM> and the flange extension <NUM> of the safety plate clamp <NUM>. As shown perhaps most clearly in <FIG>, the space receives the lower wall <NUM> of the joist bracket <NUM>. When a joining bracket assembly <NUM> is positioned with respect to ta joist bracket <NUM>, one of the openings <NUM> of the lower wall <NUM> will be coaxial with the at least one opening <NUM> of spacer <NUM>. A bolt secured through openings <NUM> and <NUM> secures the monorail bream <NUM> to the joist bracket <NUM> and therefore the scaffold system <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrate an end stop <NUM>. End stop <NUM> has a structure very similar to the joining bracket assembly <NUM> and indeed reuses a number of components. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the end stop <NUM> includes a side plate <NUM>, a spacer plate <NUM> and a safety plate clamp <NUM> having structures substantially the same as side plate <NUM>, a spacer plate <NUM> and a safety plate clamp <NUM>. The difference is that the joining bracket assembly <NUM> is secured to a portion of a monorail beam <NUM> while the end stop <NUM> itself includes a stop portion <NUM> which is essentially a portion of monorail beam <NUM>' having a terminal plate <NUM> to stop further travel of a structure along the monorail beam <NUM>'.

<FIG> illustrate assembly steps for an exemplary monorail assembly <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, a scaffold system <NUM> is in position with joist brackets 605a, 605b positioned opposite one another on opposing framework pieces. A monorail beam <NUM> is being lowered into positon, such as by a crane. Turning now to <FIG>, once the monorail beam <NUM> is in position, with the lower wall <NUM> between the flange extension <NUM> and the flanges <NUM> of the monorail beam, bolts <NUM> secure the monorail beam 630to the joist bracket <NUM> and therefore scaffold frame member <NUM>. The monorail beam <NUM> is connected in the same manner to both joist brackets 605a and 605b.

As shown in <FIG>, two adjacent monorail beams <NUM> are in position relative to one another and secured using bolts <NUM> and pins <NUM> are inserted through the second plurality of openings <NUM> of the second portion <NUM> to further secure adjacent monorail beams <NUM> to one another.

As shown in <FIG>, once the final monorail beam <NUM> is in position, an end stop <NUM> is secured to the end of the final monorail beam <NUM> using the same method to secure adjacent monorail beams <NUM> to one another.

<FIG> show the connection between a scaffold system <NUM> and monorail assembly <NUM> in further detail. The joist brackets <NUM> are shown secured to scaffold frame members <NUM> spanning two panel points <NUM> each. The second midwalls <NUM> of the plates <NUM> rests on the lower chord <NUM> of the scaffold frame members <NUM>. The individual monorail beams <NUM> are connected to one another using joining bracket assembly <NUM>.

From <FIG>, it will be appreciated that adjacent monorail beams <NUM> are secured to one another by two joining bracket assembly <NUM> arranged as mirror images of one another. That is, for a given monorail beam joint, a first joining bracket assembly <NUM> is positioned with respect to the monorail beams <NUM> with its side plate <NUM> against a first side of the central member <NUM>. A second joining bracket assembly <NUM> is positioned with respect to the monorail beams <NUM> with its side plate <NUM> against the other side of the central member <NUM>. As a result, the side plates <NUM> share a common set of bolts <NUM> and pins <NUM>.

In the embodiments shown herein, the monorail assembly <NUM> is shown secured to an exemplary scaffold system which includes scaffold frame members <NUM> which have upper and lower chords <NUM>, <NUM>. <FIG> further describe an exemplary scaffold system which includes such scaffold frame members which is a suspended, articulating scaffold system. However, in further embodiments, it will be appreciated that the monorail assembly <NUM> may be secured to any style scaffold system, more preferably any style suspended scaffold system.

<FIG> illustrates an interconnection structure <NUM> for a suspended, articulating scaffold system. The interconnection structure <NUM> is configured so that, when attached to a scaffold frame member <NUM> (see <FIG>), allows for articulation of both the interconnection structure <NUM> and the scaffold frame member <NUM>. An interconnection structure is any structure which connects one or more joist or other elongated structural member, such as a node, hinge, pivot, post, column, center, shaft, spindle, or the like.

The interconnection structure <NUM> includes a top element <NUM> and a bottom element <NUM> spaced at distal ends of a middle section <NUM>. The top element <NUM> and bottom element <NUM> may be substantially planar in configuration, as well as, being parallel to each other. The top element <NUM> and bottom element <NUM>, in the embodiment shown, are octagonal in plan. In other embodiments, the top element <NUM> and bottom element <NUM> can have other shapes, such as square, polygonal, circular, etc..

The middle section <NUM> may be a cylindrical section wherein a longitudinal axis of the middle section <NUM> is normal to the planes of the top element <NUM> and bottom element <NUM>. In the embodiment shown, the middle section <NUM> is a right circular cylinder. However, in alternative embodiments, the middle section <NUM> can have different shape, such as any prism having a polygonal face. In <FIG>, a lower portion of the middle section <NUM> is removed for clarity purposes to show that the middle section <NUM> is hollow.

There are a plurality of openings <NUM>, <NUM>, extending through both the top element <NUM> and bottom element <NUM>, respectively. The plurality of openings <NUM> (e.g., 13A, 13B, 13C, 13D, 13E, 13F, <NUM>, <NUM>) are interspersed on the top element <NUM> so as to offer various locations for connecting to one, or more, scaffold frame members <NUM> (see e.g., <FIG>). The plurality of openings <NUM> (e.g., 14A, 14B, 14C, 14D, 14E, 14F, <NUM>, <NUM>) are similarly spaced on the bottom element <NUM> so that respective openings (e.g., 13A and 14A) are coaxial.

At the center of the top element <NUM> is a center opening <NUM>. In an embodiment, the center opening <NUM> receives a suspension connector <NUM> (see e.g., <FIG>). In other embodiments, the center opening <NUM> receives a vertical support member <NUM> (see e.g., <FIG>). The center opening <NUM> may be generally cruciform in configuration due to its center opening area <NUM> with four slots <NUM> (e.g., 17A, 17B, 17C, 17D) extending therefrom. Transverse to each of the four slots 17A, 17B, 17C, 17D, and interconnected thereto, are a series of cross slots 18A, 18B, 18C, 18D, whose utility will be apparent as discussed below. For added strength a second reinforcing plate <NUM> is added to the underside of the top element <NUM> wherein openings on the reinforcing plate <NUM> correspond to the center opening <NUM> configuration and all the ancillary openings thereto (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>). A handle <NUM> is optionally added to the side of the middle section <NUM>.

<FIG> show the top, side, and bottom view of the same embodiment of the interconnection structure <NUM> depicted in <FIG>. <FIG> shows inter alia a bottom opening <NUM> on the bottom element <NUM>. In an embodiment, the bottom opening <NUM> receives a vertical support member (see e.g., <FIG>). The bottom face of the reinforcing plate <NUM> can be seen within the bottom opening <NUM>. Attached to the reinforcing plate <NUM> and the interior face of the middle section <NUM> are a plurality of gussets <NUM> that provide added support to the interconnection structure <NUM>.

<FIG> depicts a top perspective view of the interconnection between a single interconnection structure <NUM> and a single scaffold frame member <NUM>, while <FIG> shows an exploded close-up view, and a regular perspective close-up view, respectively, of a typical connection detail between the interconnection structure <NUM> and scaffold frame member <NUM>. When used in a suspended, articulating scaffold system, a scaffold frame member <NUM> is referred to as a joist <NUM>.

The joist <NUM> includes an upper element <NUM> and a bottom element <NUM>. Interspersed between elements <NUM>, <NUM> are a plurality of diagonal support members <NUM>. Each element <NUM>, <NUM> is made of two L-shaped pieces of angle iron 39A, 39B. Elements <NUM>, <NUM> typically may be identical in construction, with the exception being upper element <NUM> includes connector holes 54A, 54B at its midspan (See e.g., <FIG>). The joist <NUM> includes a first end 31A and a second end 31B. At either end 31A, 31B of both the upper element <NUM> and bottom element <NUM> extends an upper connecting flange <NUM> and a lower connecting flange <NUM>. Through both upper and lower connection flanges <NUM>, <NUM> are connecting holes <NUM>. Thus, there are four upper connecting flanges 35A, 35B, 35C, 35D; four lower connecting flanges 36A, 36B, 36C, 36D. Thus, at a first end 31A, extending from the upper element <NUM>, is an upper connection flange <NUM>5A and lower connection flange 36A, with a connecting hole 37A therethrough. Similarly, at the second end <NUM>1B of the upper element <NUM>, extends an upper connection flange 35B and lower connection flange 36B, with a connecting hole 37B therethrough. Continuing, at the first end 31A of the lower element <NUM> extends an upper connection flange 35D and lower connection flange 36D. Through these connection flanges 35D, 36D are a connecting hole 37D. At the second end 31B of the joist <NUM> extending from the lower element <NUM> is an upper connection flange 35C and lower connection flange 36C with a connecting hole 37C therethrough.

Interior to each of the connector holes 37A, 37B, 37C, 37D are additional locking holes 360A, 360B, 360C, 360D also located on the connection flanges 35A, 35B, 35C, 35D.

As <FIG> depict in further clarity, a pin <NUM> may be placed through the connecting holes <NUM> any two corresponding top and bottom openings <NUM>, <NUM> of the interconnection structure <NUM>. In this manner, the joist <NUM> can be connected in a virtually limitless number of ways, and angles, to the interconnection structure <NUM>. For example, a pin <NUM> may be placed in through an upper connection flange 35A; through an opening 13A; through a lower connection flange 36A (all of the first end 31A of the upper element <NUM>); through an upper connection flange 35D; through an opening 14A; and, then through the lower connection flange 36D. In this scenario, the pin <NUM> further threads through connecting holes 37A and 37D. The pin <NUM> includes two roll pins <NUM> at its upper end. The lower of the two roll pins <NUM> acts as a stop, thereby preventing the pin <NUM> from slipping all the way through the joist <NUM> and interconnection structure <NUM>. The upper roll pin <NUM> acts as a finger hold to allow easy purchase and removal of the pin <NUM> from the joist <NUM> and interconnection structure <NUM>.

The design of these various parts is such that free rotation of both the joist <NUM> and interconnection structure <NUM> is allowed, even while the joist <NUM> and interconnection structure <NUM> are connected together. Rotational arrow R<NUM> show the rotation of the joist <NUM>, while rotational arrow R<NUM> shows the rotation of the interconnection structure <NUM>. These rotational capabilities of the joist <NUM> and interconnection structure <NUM> provide, in part, the articulating capability of the present invention.

While free rotation of a joist <NUM> and interconnection structure <NUM> is allowed, such free rotation is restricted when a section or unit of a modular space frame support system is assembled and ready for use. In an embodiment, free rotation is restricted by at least one of: i) an additional (second) pin thatis to be located proximate a perimeter of the at least one interconnection structure; and ii) at least a portion of a work platform when the platform is positioned with respect to the interconnection structures and joists in an extended position.

In the particular embodiment shown, a second optional locking pin 40B may be added through the locking holes 360A, 360C, 360C, 360D at the end of joist <NUM> in order to lock the joist <NUM> to prevent articulation, if so desired. The locking pin 40B abuts a groove <NUM> on the interconnection structure <NUM>. The grooves are situated on both the top element <NUM> and bottom element <NUM>. Similarly, the locking pin 40B can include additional two roll pins <NUM> as does the pin <NUM>.

It should be apparent to one skilled in the art that, while the joist <NUM> depicted in the figures is made of particular shaped elements, there are other embodiments that provide the aspects of the present invention. A joist is any elongate structural member adapted for bearing or supporting a load, such as a bar joist, truss, shaped-steel (i.e., I-beam, C-beam, etc.), or the like. For example, the joist <NUM> in the figures may commonly be called a bar joist, or open-web beam or joist. The joist <NUM> could also be made of shaped steel (e.g., wide flange elements, narrow flange members, etc.), or other suitable shapes and materials.

The assembly of interconnection structures <NUM> and joists <NUM> to form a section or unit <NUM> of a modular space frame support system <NUM> is discussed in further detail below.

<FIG> depicts a single section or unit <NUM> of a modular space frame support system <NUM> made using interconnection structures <NUM> and joists <NUM>. Note that four interconnection structures 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D are interconnected with four joists 30A, 30B, 30C, 30D. <FIG> shows the single frame unit <NUM> that is square in plan. It should be apparent to one skilled in the art, that other shapes and configurations can be made. By varying the lengths of joists <NUM>, for example, other shapes can be made. For example, a frame unit <NUM> that is rectangular can be constructed. Also, by attaching joists <NUM> to various openings <NUM>, <NUM> of the interconnection structure <NUM>, various angles at which the joists <NUM> interconnect with the interconnection structure <NUM> can be achieved. For example, a frame unit <NUM> that is triangular in plan (not shown) may be constructed. Thus, by changingjoist <NUM> lengths (See e.g., <FIG>) and/or changing the angle(s) at which the joists <NUM> extend from the interconnection structure <NUM>, virtually any shape and size frame unit <NUM>, and resulting modular space frame support system <NUM> and work platform systems <NUM> may be constructed. Further, different shape, size, and configuration of frame sections or units <NUM> can be joined and abutted with each other, so that the modular space frame support system design, and work platform system design, is virtually completely customizable. This adaptability of the modular space frame support system <NUM> provides a convenient way to gain access to virtually any shape work area required in construction.

<FIG> depict various views, and close-up views of the interconnection between a middle support deck joist <NUM> and the joist <NUM>. The middle support deck joist <NUM> provides added support to support platforms <NUM> (see e.g., <FIG>) and may span between two joists <NUM>. At either end of the middle support deck joist <NUM> is a pin <NUM> which communicates with a corresponding hole <NUM> on the upper portion of the joist <NUM>. For example, <FIG> depicts an exploded view of the interconnection, wherein pin <NUM> will go in hole 54A. In this manner, movement (both lateral and axial) of the middle support deck joist <NUM> is minimized.

<FIG> shows the embodiment of single frame section or unit <NUM> from <FIG> wherein a platform 50A has been placed on the single frame unit <NUM> thus transforming the single frame unit <NUM> into a single unit of a work platform system <NUM>. The platform 50A rests, in this embodiment, on the middle support deckjoist 52A and on the joists 30A, 30B, 30D. The edges of the platform 50A may rest on the top of the middle support deck joist <NUM> and the angle iron 39A, 39B on the top of the applicable joists 30A, 30B, 30D. The configuration of the top of the middle support deck joist <NUM> and the angle iron 39A, 39B is such that vertical and horizontal movement of the platform 50A is avoided. The work platform <NUM> typically is sized to be a <NUM>" x <NUM>' piece of material. The work platform 50A may include a wood panel 51A, for example. Suitable work platform <NUM> may be made from metal (e.g., steel, aluminum, etc.), wood, plastic, composite, or other suitable materials. Similarly, the work platform <NUM> may be made of items that are solid, corrugated, grated, smooth, or other suitable configurations. For example, the work platform <NUM> may be wood sheeting, plywood, roof decking material, metal on a frame, grating, steel sheeting, and the like. Thus, after placing a first work platform 50A on the unit <NUM> of the modular space frame support system <NUM>, an installer may continue in this manner and place additional multiple work platforms 50A, 50B, such as shown in <FIG>, so that an entire upper frame <NUM> and/or lower frame <NUM> is covered with wood platforms 51A, 51B so that a complete work platform system <NUM> is created.

<FIG> show various close-up views of an additional, optional feature that can be used with a modular space frame support system <NUM> to form a work platform system <NUM>. A deck retainer plate <NUM> may be placed over the spacing between the multiple work platforms <NUM>. The deck retainer plate <NUM> may include a plurality of holes <NUM> so that a plurality of deck retainer bolts <NUM> may adhere the deck retainer plate <NUM> to the joist <NUM>. The deck retainer plate <NUM> is one way in which to secure work platforms <NUM> to the modular space frame support system <NUM>.

As <FIG> and <FIG> depict, there is virtually no limit as to the size and shape of the modular space frame support system <NUM> and work platform system <NUM> that can be made in accordance with the present disclosure. <FIG> and <FIG> show top and bottom perspective views, respectively, of one large rectangular embodiment of a single level of modular space frame support system <NUM> with work platforms <NUM> in place to make a work platform system <NUM>.

As stated above, one deficiency of numerous existing work platforms are their inability to be installed in situ and also their inability to be relocated, extended, or removed, while a portion of the work platform is already installed in place. The present disclosure overcomes this deficiency. That is, the modular space frame support system and resulting work platform system allows for a worker, or workers, to add on additional sections of a modular space frame support system <NUM> (and, ultimately, work platform system <NUM>) while this worker(s) is physically on an existing installed portion or unit of a modular space frame support system and/or work platform system. That is the worker(s) can extend, relocate, or remove a portion of a work platform system <NUM> and/or modular space frame support system <NUM> with only the need of hand tools. No mechanical tools, hoists, cranes, or other equipment is required to add to, subtract from, or relocate the modular space frame support system <NUM>. This advantage, thus, offers savings in labor, time, and equipment.

For as <FIG> depict the gradual articulation of just one section or unit of a single section or unit <NUM> of a modular space frame support system <NUM>, when made using interconnection structures <NUM> and joists <NUM>, into place. This can be readily accomplished by one, or two, workers by simply placing sequentially an additional joist 30D off of an existing interconnection structure 10A. Then a "new" interconnection structure 10D is connected to the first joist 30D. A second additional joist 30E is connected to the interconnection structure 30D. Further, another interconnection structure 10E and joist 30F are connected so that the final joist 30F is connected back to an existing interconnection structure 10B. In this manner, a worker(s) can install a new section or unit of a modular space frame support system (e.g., made up of "new" interconnection structures 10D, 10E and "new" joists 30D, 30E, 30F) off of an existing section of a modular space frame support system (e.g., made up of inter alia hubs 10Q, 10B, 10C and joists 30A, 30B). The worker(s) can install new, or relocate, sections or units of the modular space frame support system <NUM> while the worker remains on existing sections of work platform <NUM>. That is, additional lift equipment, machinery is not required to install, relocate, or remove the additional units or sections of a modular space frame support system when made using interconnection structures <NUM> and joists <NUM>.

Further, the installing worker(s) need not extend beyond the existing installed frame unit <NUM> or, they need only extend barely beyond the installed frame unit <NUM>. For example, as shown in <FIG>, the installer(s) can be on the existing work platforms 50A, 50B, 50C, 50D when relocating, or installing, the next section(s) of the modular space frame support system <NUM>.

As <FIG> clearly show via the motion arrows "M", that by a combination of rotation of the new joists 30D, 30E, 30F and new interconnection structures 10D, 10E, that the new section or unit <NUM> of the modular space frame support system <NUM> is able to move and rotate into its final requisite location. That is, units of the modular space frame support system <NUM> articulate into place. Further, the articulation can be initiated and stopped (and even reversed) by an installer(s) while the installer(s) remains on the pre-existing frame units and/or work platform systems. Although not shown, additional supplemental devices to aid in the articulation (e.g., motors, hand tools, mechanical tools, hydraulics, etc.) can be used.

<FIG> shows a new section or units <NUM> of a modular space frame support system <NUM> articulated into place, prior to the installation of support platform(s) <NUM> and any other pieces, as discussed herein. The removal of a portion of the modular space frame support system <NUM> can essentially be done by reversing the aforementioned steps.

While the individual sections or units <NUM> of the modular space frame support system <NUM> (and, ultimately, work platform support system <NUM>) described with reference to <FIG> are square, that is, each individual section or unit <NUM> is made of four interconnection structures <NUM> and four joists <NUM>, as mentioned above, in some embodiments the individual units <NUM> of the modular space frame support system <NUM> may take different geometries and shapes. For example, <FIG> show various embodiments of a joist <NUM> and interconnection structure <NUM> configuration. For example, <FIG> shows a "standard" length joist 30A (e.g., <NUM> foot nominal length) with two interconnection structures 10A, 10B. This "standard" length joist 30A could be termed a "<NUM>/<NUM> unit". <FIG> shows two joists 30A, 30B of equal length connected to interconnection structures 10A, 10B, 10C. The joists 30A, 30B in <FIG>, being half the length, each of the length of the joist 30A in FIG. 20D, may be termed a "<NUM>/<NUM> unit" in that they are half the length of the aforementioned "<NUM>/6unit". Similarly, two unequal length joists 30A, 30B are depicted in <FIG>, and can be termed a "<NUM>/<NUM> unit" and a "<NUM>/<NUM> unit", respectively. This is because the "<NUM>/<NUM> unit" is approximately one third the length of a "standard" "<NUM>/<NUM> unit" joist as shown in <FIG>, as is the "<NUM>/<NUM> unit" is approximately two thirds the length of the "<NUM>/<NUM> unit". The same system is shown in <FIG>, wherein the first joist 30A is termed a "<NUM>/<NUM> unit" and the second joist 30B is termed a "<NUM>/<NUM> unit". As stated above, by using different lengths of joist <NUM>, and by extending joists <NUM> from interconnection structures <NUM> at different angles, one can obtain a nearly infinite variety of configurations and footprints of the modular space frame support system <NUM> and resulting work platform system <NUM>. This variety, for example, allows the installer to set up the modular space frame support system <NUM> and work platform system <NUM> around various obstacles (e.g., columns, piers, abutments, etc.) and structures. The variety allows the installer to create numerous shapes to the work platform system beyond just a rectangle.

With reference to the teachings herein, including at least <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG>, it is apparent that at least one of the joists is to be connected with at least one of the interconnection structures using a pin to provide free rotation of the at least one joist with respect to the at least one interconnection structure about the pin. Moreover, it is apparent that the free rotation is restricted by at least one of: i) an additional pin that is to be located proximate a perimeter of the at least one interconnection structure; and ii) at least a portion of a work platform when the platform is positioned with respect to the interconnection structures and the joists in the final position.

<FIG> depict the plan view of just two embodiments of the invention. In these figures it can be seen that the work platform support system <NUM> is capable of various horizontal alignments. For example, <FIG> shows <NUM> footlength joists <NUM> interconnected with a plurality of hubs <NUM>. Due to spacing between the pin <NUM> and hub <NUM>, some flexibility is provided in the system <NUM> so that the system <NUM><NUM> can be curved, or "racked", in the horizontal direction. This can help allow the system <NUM> to be installed around structures. <FIG> depicts a system100 that is angled. For example, the joists 30C connected to hub 10C, can be shorter than joists 30B connected to hub 10B. Joists 30B, in turn, are shorter than joists 30A, which are connected to hub 10A. In this fashion, by using joists 30A, 30B, 30C of different length and/or altering the angle at which a joist <NUM> is connected to a hub <NUM>, systems <NUM> that are angled, as in <FIG> can be configured. Similarly, this allows the system <NUM> to be installed, for example, around various impediments, structures, and the like.

<FIG> shows an elevation sectional view of one embodiment wherein a support system <NUM> and work platform system <NUM> are attached, via a suspension connector <NUM>, to a structure <NUM>. The structure <NUM> in this embodiment is a bridge <NUM>. On the underside of the bridge <NUM> are a plurality of beams <NUM> A series of suspension connectors <NUM>, in this embodiment high strength chains, are attached to several of the beams <NUM> via structure attachment device <NUM>, in this embodiment standard beam clamps. At the perimeter of the work platform system <NUM> are a plurality of railing standards <NUM>, thereby creating a railing system around the work platform system <NUM>. The plurality of chains <NUM> are attached to various hubs <NUM> in the support system <NUM> thereby providing structural connection to the bridge <NUM>. In this manner, a work platform system <NUM> and support system <NUM> can be fully suspended from a suitable structure <NUM>. Note that each hub <NUM> does not necessarily require a suspension connector <NUM> to be connected to the structure <NUM>. For example, there is no suspension connector <NUM> connecting hub 10X to beam 92X. This may be because hub 10A does not line up underneath beam 92X or other suitable suspension point, and thus, using a chain <NUM> in that location is either not possible, or not desirable.

The suspension connector <NUM> may be any suitable support mechanism that can support both the work platform system <NUM>, and all its ancillary dead loads, plus any intended live load that is placed upon the work platform system <NUM>. In fact, the work platform system <NUM> may support its own weight plus at least four times the intended live load that is to be placed on the work platform system <NUM>. Similarly, the suspension connector <NUM> is also suitable to support its own weight plus at least four times the intended live load placed on it. The suspension connector <NUM> may be a high-strength chain, cable, or the like. For example, one suitable suspension connector <NUM> is ⅜", grade <NUM>, heat-treated alloy chain.

The suspension connector <NUM> is attached to a beam clamp <NUM> which is further attached to a plurality of elements <NUM> on the underside of a structure <NUM>. The structure <NUM> may be a bridge, viaduct, ceiling structure of a building, or the like. Similarly, the elements <NUM> which the suspension connector <NUM> are attached to may be beams, joists, or any other suitable structural element of the structure <NUM>. Instead of beam clamps <NUM>, other suitable structure attachment devices <NUM> may be used.

<FIG>, <FIG> all depict various views of the interconnection between the suspension connector <NUM> (e.g., chain, cable, etc.) and the hub <NUM>. In the embodiment shown, a free end of the chain <NUM> (i. e, end distal to structure <NUM>) is placed through the center opening area <NUM> of the top element <NUM> of the hub <NUM>. The chain <NUM> is then slid over and in to one of the four slots <NUM> (e.g., 17A). Once the chain <NUM> is place within slot 17A, a chain retainer pin <NUM> is placed in the adjacent transverse slot 18A so that the chain <NUM> kept retained in the distal end of slot 17A. The chain <NUM> and slot 17A are sized and configured so that upon proper placement of the keeper pin <NUM> with in the transverse slot 18A, the chain <NUM> is effectively locked to the hub <NUM> and is unable to slip, vertically or horizontally, from its position in 17A This locking system effectively fixes the hub <NUM> to the chain <NUM> As an added safety check, a zip tie <NUM> may be placed between a hole <NUM> in the chain retainer pin <NUM> and an adjacent link in the chain <NUM>. This further provides a visual aid to the installer to ensure that the chain retainer pin <NUM> has been installed.

An alternative device for connecting a suspension connector <NUM> to the work platform support system <NUM><NUM> is an auxiliary suspender mounting bracket <NUM>. The auxiliary mounting bracket <NUM> is typically used when a particular hub <NUM> cannot be accessed for connection with a suspension connector <NUM>. As the various <FIG> depict, one embodiment of the auxiliary suspender mounting bracket <NUM> includes two opposing and parallel flanges <NUM>. Spanning the flanges <NUM> is an interconnecting tube <NUM> and a base plate <NUM>. Through the base plate <NUM> are a plurality amounting holes <NUM>. The auxiliary suspender mounting bracket <NUM> can be used in lieu of, or in addition to, the hub <NUM> for a suspension point. The bracket <NUM> allows a suspension connector <NUM> to be connected to the system <NUM> at locations other than a hub <NUM>.

For example. <FIG> depicts a scenario that may typically be encountered when installing a work platform system <NUM>. Note that <FIG> is not drawn to scale. One or more obstructions 95A may be located on the underside of the structure <NUM>, or between the structure <NUM> and the work platform system <NUM> These obstruction(s) 95A may be man-made, or natural. For example, the obstructions 95A may be concrete beams, box-beams, inadequately sized framework, ductwork, lighting, finished surfaces, and the like. The obstructions 95A are such that a particular hub 10B is not practical, or possible, as a connecting point for the system <NUM> to a suspension connector <NUM>. In this case, one or more auxiliary suspender mounting brackets <NUM> may be attached to a joist <NUM>. High strength bolts (not shown) may be passed through the mounting holes <NUM> and then through holes on an upper element <NUM> and connected to bolts below the upper element <NUM>. (See for similar connection detail the connection of plate <NUM> in <FIG>). The suspension connector <NUM> (e.g., chain) may be connected, via a beam clamp <NUM>, to a beam <NUM>that is on the underside of the structure <NUM>.

As shown in <FIG>, obstruction 95B is directly vertically over hub 10B, thereby rendering hub 10B inadequate for a suspension point. Thus, a bracket <NUM> can be attached to a joist <NUM> adjacent to hub 10B, thereby allowing a suspension connector <NUM> to get proper attachment to a nearby beam <NUM>. The angle, Φ, between the suspension connector <NUM> and vertical, denoted by V. allows for the suspension connector <NUM> to be either non-vertical, or slightly off of vertical.

<FIG>, <FIG>, and <FIG> show elevation views of various embodiments wherein the vertical flexibility of the present invention is apparent. For example, <FIG> shows a portion of a work platform system <NUM> suspended from the non-flat underside of a structure <NUM> (e.g., arched bridge). The suspension connector <NUM> and other connection details are not shown for ease of illustration. There is flexibility, due to the design, in the interconnections between hub <NUM> and joist <NUM>. This flexibility allows for some bendability in the vertical direction (See e.g., <FIG>). This allows the system <NUM>, for example, to parallel, or "mirror", the underside of a curved, arched bridge.

Alternatively, should the curvature of the supporting structure <NUM> be even greater, a configuration such as shown in <FIG> can be installed. That is multiple portions of the system <NUM> are not co-planar, but rather stepped, or tiered. If required, various suspension connectors <NUM> may be installed of such length so that multiple hubs 160A, 10B may be installed to the same suspension connector <NUM>. As discussed above, the suspension connector <NUM> may be connected to a slot <NUM> of the upper hub 10A, then passed through the bottom opening <NUM> of the upper hub 10A and then connected also to a slot <NUM> of the lower hub 10B (See e.g., <FIG>.

As <FIG> shows another configuration of the present invention is the capability to install the system <NUM> in a multi-level configuration. For example, where work perhaps needs to be done on a vertical structure <NUM> (e.g., bridge pier), at least two systems 120A, 120B may be installed. Similar to the connection scenario used in <FIG> (above), suspension connector <NUM> can, again, be of suitable length so as to pass from hubs 10A on the upper system <NUM> on to, and also connect up to, the hubs 10B on the lower system <NUM>. In this manner, multiple levels of system <NUM> may be installed in a vertical orientation.

In the embodiments shown herein, a further scaffold system <NUM> is shown in use as a monorail car which is moveably attached to the monorail assemblies <NUM>, and the further scaffold system is a suspension scaffold system. <FIG> illustrates an exemplary suspension scaffold system. It will be appreciated, however, the in further embodiments, the monorail car <NUM> may be made of any form of scaffolding system, and preferably any form of suspended scaffold system, including a suspended articulating scaffold system as described above. Further, a "further scaffold system, "second scaffold system," and "monorail car" may be used interchangeably herein.

In the embodiment shown in <FIG>, the suspension scaffold system <NUM> has a platform <NUM> formed from a frame <NUM> which supports flooring <NUM>. A series of braced railing members at least partially surround the platform.

The scaffold systems <NUM>, <NUM> used in combination with monorail assemblies of the present disclosure may include further additional components.

For example, in some embodiments, railings, toe boards, tarps, sheets, gates, ladders, doors/doorways, wheels, bumpers, and other accessories may be used in combination with any scaffold system disclosed herein.

Referring again to <FIG> and <FIG>, as well as <FIG>, shown are multiple embodiments of monorail systems <NUM>. Each monorail system <NUM> includes a first scaffold system <NUM>, a monorail assembly <NUM> connected to the first scaffold system <NUM>, and a monorail car <NUM> made of a second scaffold system. Specifically, in the embodiment shown in <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG> there are three monorail systems <NUM>. A first monorail system 700a includes a single monorail assembly 600a connected to the scaffold system 100a with a single monorail car 800a positioned on the outside of the structure <NUM>. A second monorail system 700b is located on the opposite side of the structure <NUM> and includes a single monorail assembly 600b connected to the scaffold system 100b with a single monorail car 800b positioned outside the structure <NUM>. A third monorail system 700c includes two monorail assemblies 600c, 600d connected to scaffold system 100a and 100b, respectively, with a single monorail car 800c extending under the structure <NUM> with a first end of the monorail car 800c operatively coupled with the first monorail assembly 600c and a second end of the monorail car 800c operatively coupled with the second monorail assembly 600d.

Generators <NUM> located on the structure <NUM> or otherwise apart from the monorail systems <NUM> provide powerto the monorail cars <NUM> to effectuate their movement both along the respective monorail(s) and vertically.

The monorail systems 700a, 700b, 700c will now be explained in further detail.

<FIG> is a detailed view of callout <NUM> of <FIG> and again shows the connection of monorail beams <NUM> to each other and to a scaffold system <NUM>.

<FIG> is a cross-sectional view taken from A-A of <FIG> and illustrates the third monorail system 700c. In the embodiment shown, two scaffold systems 100a, 100b are provided. Each scaffold system 100a, 100b is shown as a suspended articulating scaffold system as described above and made of a plurality of interconnection structures <NUM> and joists <NUM>. The scaffold systems 100a, 100b are connected to the structure both from above so as to be suspended from the structure <NUM> and at the side closest to the structure <NUM>.

<FIG> is a detailed view of callout <NUM> of <FIG> and shows the connection of the scaffold system <NUM> to the structure <NUM> above. Specifically, a concrete anchor <NUM>, such as a threaded rod, is inserted into the underside of the structure <NUM>. A rotating suspension point, such as that described in co-pending application [to be filed in before filing] receives the chain <NUM> which connects to the interconnection structure <NUM> or other portion of the scaffold system <NUM>, as described in detail above with respect to <FIG>. <FIG> is a detailed view of callout <NUM> of <FIG> and illustrates such an exemplary connection.

<FIG> illustrate exemplary connections between the scaffold systems 100a, 100b to the side of the structure <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, depending on the direction of anticipated wind forces, if any, an adjustable tube <NUM> having a foot <NUM> at its end may be used to push against the structure <NUM> and prevent movement of the scaffold system <NUM> towards the structure <NUM>. The adjustable tube <NUM> is secured to an interconnection structure <NUM> of the scaffold system <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, to prevent movement of the scaffold system <NUM> away from the structure <NUM>, a chain <NUM> may be connected to the interconnection structure <NUM> and wrapped around a portion of the structure <NUM> such as a column or post.

The monorail car <NUM> spans the width of the underside of the structure <NUM> to permit access to the undersurface 91c. In the embodiment shown, the monorail car <NUM> is made of suspension scaffolding as described above. At either end of the monorail car <NUM> is a hoist motor <NUM> to effectuate movement of the monorail car800 in a vertical direction, thatis, up and down in relation to the structure.

<FIG> is a cross-sectional view taken from C-C of <FIG> and illustrates the mechanisms which permit movement of the monorail car 800c both along the monorail beams <NUM> and vertically in further detail.

The structures and devices used to move scaffolding along a rail, and power and control that movement, are known in the art. Generally, such a structure and/or device includes a plurality of wheels which engage the lower flanges <NUM> of the monorail beam <NUM>. The movement of the structures and/or devices along that monorail beam <NUM> is control and actuated using power from the one or more generators <NUM>. In particular, as shown in <FIG>, two trolley structures <NUM>, <NUM> are provided on each monorail assembly. One of the trolley structures <NUM> is passive and just facilitates travel along the monorail beam <NUM>. The other of the trolley structures <NUM> is active, that is, has power and is connected to controls, to facilitate movement of the monorail car 800c along the monorail beams <NUM>.

It will be appreciated that, in permitting both vertical movement and movement along the monorail beams, workers on the monorail car <NUM> are able to access substantially the entire undersurface 91c of the structure <NUM>.

<FIG> is a cross-sectional view taken from B-B of <FIG> and illustrates the first and second monorail systems 700a, 700b. The first and second monorail system 700a, 700b also utilize the two scaffold systems 100a, 100b. As opposed to the embodiments shown in <FIG>, the embodiments shown in <FIG> illustrate an additional means of providing stability of the scaffold systems 100a, 100b relative to the structure <NUM>. The callouts shown in <FIG> illustrated additional means of securing the scaffold system <NUM> to the structure <NUM> in view of lateral forces. <FIG> is a detailed view of callout <NUM> of <FIG> and illustrates a stabilizing means in view of vertical forces, e.g., updraft. As shown in <FIG>, a third scaffold system (such as a standard scaffold system) is erected on the scaffold system <NUM> and extends between the scaffold system <NUM> and the bottom of the structure <NUM> to prevent upward movement of the scaffold system <NUM>.

Each monorail system 700a, 700b includes a monorail car 800a, 800b. While the embodiment shown in <FIG> includes a single monorail car 800c connected to two monorail assemblies, the monorail cars 800a, 800b shown in <FIG> are each connected to just a single monorail assembly at two points. Like monorail car 800c, the monorail cars 800a, 800b are made of suspension scaffolding as described above. At either end of the monorail cars 800a, 800b is a hoist motor <NUM> to effectuate movement of the respective monorail car 800a, 800b in a vertical direction, that is, up and down in relation to the structure.

<FIG> illustrate an exemplary monorail car such as 800a, 800b. With reference to <FIG>, the description will make reference to monorail car 800a for simplicity, with the understanding the same description will apply to monorail car 800b.

The structures and devices used to move scaffolding along a rail, and power and control that movement, are known in the art. Generally, such a structure and/or device includes a plurality of wheels which engage the lower flanges <NUM> of the monorail beam <NUM>. The movement of the structures and/or devices along that monorail beam <NUM> is control and actuated using power from the one ormore generators <NUM>. In particular, as shown in <FIG>, two trolley structures <NUM>, <NUM> are provided. One of the trolley structures <NUM> is passive and just facilitates travel along the monorail beam <NUM>. The other of the trolley structures <NUM> is active, that is, has power and is connected to controls, to facilitate movement of the monorail car 800a along the monorail beams <NUM>.

It will be appreciated that, in permitting both vertical movement and movement along the monorail beams, workers on the monorail cars 800a, 800b are able to access substantially the entirety of the side surfaces 91a, 91b of the structure <NUM>.

<FIG> is a cross-sectional view taken from D-D of <FIG> and illustrates an exemplary cable configuration to get power from the generator(s) to the hoist motors and power trolleys.

When accessing a surface using a monorail system as described herein, it is possible to access surfaces previously inaccessible (or not easily accessible) and do so without assembling numerous levels and lengths of scaffolding.

Generally, a first scaffold system is assembled and suspended from the structure to be accessed. A monorail assembly is attached to the first scaffold system as needed to permit access to the structure. A monorail car is then built of a second scaffold system and suspended from the monorail assembly using at least one powered trolley to permit lateral movement of the monorail car parallel with the monorail beams. The monorail car also includes at least one hoist which permits vertical movement of the monorail car.

In an embodiment, the first scaffold system is a suspended articulating scaffold system. When using a suspended articulating scaffold system as disclosed herein, itis possible to assemble the first scaffold system in the air off of an existing structure, such as detailed with reference to <FIG>. The first scaffold system is also secured and suspended from the structure as described with further reference to <FIG> and <FIG>.

Once the first scaffold system is assembled and secured, the monorail assembly or assemblies are attached to the first scaffold system. First, the location of the monorail beams must be determined in orderto position the joist brackets in the appropriate locations. The joist brackets are then secured to the first scaffold system, and specifically, in embodiments in which the first scaffold system is a suspended articulating scaffold system, to the joists of the first scaffold system, as described with reference to <FIG>. Monorail beams (which are fitted with joining bracket assembly s) are secured to each other and the first scaffold system using the joining bracket assembly s and joist brackets, as described with reference to <FIG> and <FIG>. An end stop is put on both terminal ends of the monorail assembly in accordance with the description provided with respect to <FIG>.

A monorail car is assembled using a second scaffold system, such as, for example, a suspension scaffold as described herein. The monorail car is suspended from the monorail beam using at least one power trolley, and preferably at least one power trolley and one passive trolley.

In some embodiments, such as shown with reference to <FIG>, it may be desirable to use two monorail assemblies with a single monorail car. In that case, two first scaffold systems are assembled at a distance away from one another with a plurality of scaffold frame members, or joists, in each system being parallel to one another. If scaffold frame members, or joists, in one of the first scaffold systems are not parallel with scaffold frame members, or joists, in the other of the first scaffold system, it will be difficult, if not impossible, to create two parallel monorail assemblies.

A monorail car is assembled as described above, and secured to both first scaffold systems using at least one power trolley and at least one passive trolley with each first scaffold system.

Claim 1:
A monorail assembly (<NUM>) of an access system for accessing surfaces of large stationary structures comprising:
a first scaffold system (<NUM>, <NUM>) comprising at least one framework member (<NUM>) being an elongated truss-like structure having an upper chord (<NUM>), a bottom chord (<NUM>), and a plurality of diagonal support members (<NUM>);
the first scaffold system (<NUM>, <NUM>) further comprises
a plurality of panel points (<NUM>) along the bottom chord (<NUM>), wherein each panel point is a point at which two of said plurality of diagonal support members (<NUM>) meet along the bottom chord (<NUM>);
the monorail assembly further comprising
at least two monorail beams (<NUM>); characterized in that the monorail assembly further comprises
at least one joining bracket assembly (<NUM>) joining the at least two monorail beams (<NUM>);
at least one joist bracket (<NUM>) coupled to the at least one framework member (<NUM>) at two of said plurality of panel points (<NUM>), the joist bracket (<NUM>) further coupled to the at least two monorail beams (<NUM>) by the at least one joining bracket assembly (<NUM>) .