Patent Description:
Signalling of PUCCH resource and cyclic shifts for WTRU to transmit HARQ feedback according to the independent claims.

A more detailed understanding may be had from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

A detailed description of illustrative embodiments will now be described with reference to the various figures. Although this description provides a detailed example of possible implementations, it should be noted that the details are intended to be exemplary and in no way limit the scope of the application.

11afand <NUM>. 11af and <NUM>. 11n, and <NUM>.

Methods, apparatus, and systems may be provided for scheduling a transmission (e.g., a request) in an uplink. A sequence may be determined (e.g., to perform the transmission). A cyclic shift of the sequence may be determined for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). A positive/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) may be signaled, e.g., via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and/or using the cyclic shift.

In wireless communication systems, Uplink Control Information (UCI) may comprise control and/or status information indicators that may facilitate transmission procedures at a physical layer. For example, a UCI may contain a Hybrid Automatic Retransmission Request (HARQ) Acknowledgement or Negative Acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) that may be used to indicate whether a HARQ was received. UCI may include a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), which may serve as a measurement of a communication quality of a wireless channel. The CQI for a given channel may depend on the type of modulation scheme used by the communications system.

UCI may include a Scheduling Requests (SR) which may serve to request radio transmission resources for an upcoming downlink or uplink transmission. UCI may comprise a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) and/or Rank Indicator (RI) for downlink or uplink transmission. The PMI may be used to facilitate communication over multiple data streams and signal interpretation at the physical layer, for example, by indicating a designated precoding matrix. An RI may indicate the number of layers that may be used for spatial multiplexing in the communication system, or the RI may indicate a maximum number of such layers. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), which may be a User Equipment (WTRU), may transmit UCI to a network (e.g., a network entity such as a base station) to provide the physical layer with information that facilitates wireless communication.

In New Radio (NR), UCI may be transmitted in Physical UL control channel (PUCCH). The PUCCH may be transmitted in a short duration (e.g. one or two OFDM symbols) around the last transmitted UL symbol(s) of a slot. The PUCCH may be transmitted in a long duration over multiple UL symbols (e.g., more than two OFDM symbols), which may improve coverage. UL control channel may be frequency-division-multiplexed with UL data channel within a slot. The WTRU may be assigned a PUCCH resource for UCI transmission where a PUCCH resource may include a time, frequency and, when applicable, a code domains.

In NR, a mechanism for efficient UL control information transmission in a PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH with a duration of one or two symbols) may be provided. Efficient UL control information transmission may involve a trade-off between user multiplexing capacity and block error ratio (BLER) performance. Methods and apparatus may be provided to multiplex different categories of UCI (e.g., SR, ACK/NACK, etc.) and/or reference symbols or reference signals (RS) when there are multiple (e.g., two) lengths for the PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH with a duration of one symbol or two symbols). In the case of SR transmission interference may be avoided while increasing a user multiplexing capacity.

PUCCH is a Physical Uplink Control Channel that may carry hybrid-ARQ acknowledgement (HARQ ACK) or negative acknowledgment (HARQ NACK), Channel State Information (CSI) reports (e.g., which may include beamforming information), and/or scheduling requests (SR). An Uplink Control Resource Set (UCRS) may include one or more Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) in a frequency domain and may span over one or more orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a time domain. PUCCH may be transmitted over one or multiple UCRS(s). Uplink Control Information (UCI) may include a set of control information bits transmitted by a WTRU to the gNB in the uplink.

A Constant Amplitude Zero Auto Correlation (CAZAC) sequence may be a periodic complex-valued sequence with constant amplitude and zero out-of-phase periodic (cyclic) autocorrelations. Pulse-position modulation (PPM) may be a form of encoding in which message bits may be encoded by the positions of transmitted pulse. Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) may be the peak amplitude squared divided by the average power or the peak power divided by the average power.

ACK/NACK (e.g., HARQ ACK/NACK) and/or SR transmission on PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH with a duration of one or two symbols) may be provided. Sequence-based PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH) may be provided (e.g., UCI may be transmitted over the PUCCH using a sequence). For uplink control transmissions, a WTRU may transmit uplink control information (UCI) in the PUCCH with a certain duration (e.g., a short duration of one or two symbols). A WTRU may modulate a UCI information symbol, such as an ACK/NACK, an SR, or the like, with a sequence. The sequence may be a Zadoff-CHU (ZC) sequence, a CAZAC sequence, and/or the like (e.g., another suitable computer-generated sequence or CGS). The UCI information symbol may include a <NUM>-bit BPSK or <NUM>-bit QPSK symbol. Different cyclic shifts (e.g., cyclic time shifts) of the sequence (e.g., a CAZAC sequence) may be used for signaling (e.g., transmitting) the UCI (e.g., <NUM> bit or <NUM> bits of UCI information). Examples of these scenarios are disclosed herein.

<FIG> shows an example diagram of using four cyclic shifts of a sequence (e.g., a CAZAC sequence) to signal <NUM> bits of positive/negative acknowledgements (e.g., HARQ ACK/NACK) or <NUM>-bit of ACK/NACK and <NUM>-bit of SR. For example, <FIG> may show how a WTRU may employ four cyclic shifts of the same base CAZAC sequence to signal <NUM> bits of positive/negative acknowledgements (e.g., HARQ ACK/NACK) or <NUM>-bit of ACK/NACK and <NUM>-bit of SR, as shown in Table <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, there may be <NUM> possible cyclic shifts (e.g., based on a length-<NUM> sequence). The cyclic shifts may be configured for different WTRUs which may be multiplexed on the same time-frequency PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH) resources. The different sequences may be separable at the receiver in the presence of frequency selective channels, e.g., by spacing the cyclic shifts that may be allocated to the same user apart from each other (e.g., the furthest apart from each other). For example, cyclic shifts that may have a large circular separation (e.g., the largest possible circular separation) may be assigned to the same user. This may improve error rate for the ACK/NACK detection for a user, for example. Where multiple SR bits may be transmitted, multiple ACK/NACK bits may be applied to multiple SR bits.

As shown in Table <NUM>, a WTRU may determine that it has a two-bit HARQ ACK/NACK or a one-bit HARQ ACK/NACK and a one-bit SR to transmit. The WTRU may further determine that a sequence that may be used to transmit the HARQ ACK/NACK and/or the SR has a length of <NUM> (e.g., there may be a total of <NUM> cyclic shifts available to the WTRU for transmitting the HARQ ACK/NACK and/or the SR). The WTRU may select different cyclic shifts of the sequence to transmit the HARQ ACK/NACK and/or the SR based on the value of the HARQ ACK/NACK and/or the SR. The WTRU may select the cyclic shifts such that they differ from each other to the largest extent possible (e.g., by at least a quarter of the length of the sequence or a quarter of the total number of cyclic shifts associated with the sequence). For example, when the sequence has a length of <NUM>, the WTRU may use cyclic shifts <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM> to transmit two-bit HARQ ACK/NACK values of [<NUM>,<NUM>], [<NUM>,<NUM>], [<NUM>,<NUM>], and [<NUM>,<NUM>], respectively. The WTRU may receive a configuration from a network entity regarding which cyclic shift should be used to transmit the HARQ ACK/NACK and/or the SR. Different WTRUs may use different cyclic shifts to transmit HARQ ACK/ACK, e.g., to reduce the possibility of interference among the WTRUs. For example, a first WTRU may be configured to use cyclic shifts (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) to transmit respectively transmit four two-bit HARQ NACK/ACK values while a second WTRU may be configured to use cyclic shifts (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>) to transmit the four two-bit HARQ NACK/ACK values. In examples (e.g., when a common sequence of length <NUM> is used), three WTRUs (e.g., users) may be multiplexed on the same time-frequency PUCCH resources.

<FIG> is an example diagram illustrating <NUM>-bit ACK/NACK and/or SR transmission using two cyclic shifts of a sequence. For example, as shown in <FIG>, a WTRU may employ two cyclic shifts of a CAZAC sequence to signal <NUM>-bit of positive/negative acknowledgements (e.g., HARQ ACK/NACK) or SR, as shown in Table 2A. Cyclic shifts with a large circular separation may be used for a user, for example to increase the probability of detection at the receiver. For example, cyclic shifts with the largest possible circular separation may be used for the same user to maximize the probability of detection at the receiver. When the HARQ ACK/NACK comprises one bit of information, two cyclic shifts of a sequence may be separated by half the length of the sequence (e.g., by half the total number of available cyclic shifts within the allocation RB(s) that may comprise a PUCCH). If <NUM> cyclic shifts are available within a PRB, up to six users may be supported in a PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH) spanning <NUM> PRB. Up to <NUM> users may be supported in a PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH) spanning <NUM> PRBs. NACK may be interpreted as DTX when there may not be DTX signaling.

As shown in Table 2A, a WTRU may determine that it has a one-bit HARQ ACK/NACK or a one-bit SR to transmit. The WTRU may further determine that a sequence that may be used to transmit the HARQ ACK/NACK and/or the SR has a length of <NUM> (e.g., there may be a total of <NUM> cyclic shifts associated with the sequence). The WTRU may select different cyclic shifts to transmit the HARQ ACK/NACK and/or the SR based on the value of the HARQ ACK/NACK and/or the SR. The WTRU may select the cyclic shifts such that they differ from each other to the largest extent possible (e.g., by a half of the length of the sequence or a half of the total number of cyclic shifts associated with the sequence). For example, when there are <NUM> cyclic shifts available, the WTRU may use cyclic shifts <NUM> and <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM>, and/or the like, to transmit HARQ NACK and HARQ ACK, respectively. The WTRU may receive a configuration from a network entity regarding which cyclic shift should be used to transmit the HARQ ACK/NACK and/or the SR. Different WTRUs may use different cyclic shifts to transmit HARQ ACK/ACK, e.g., to reduce the possibility of interference among the WTRUs. For example, a first WTRU may be configured to use cyclic shifts (<NUM>,<NUM>) to respectively transmit two one-bit HARQ NACK/ACK values while a second WTRU may be configured to use cyclic shifts (<NUM>,<NUM>) to transmit the two one-bit HARQ NACK/ACK values. In examples (e.g., when a common sequence of length <NUM> is used), six WTRUs (e.g., users) may be multiplexed on the same time-frequency PUCCH resources.

For SR transmission, the WTRU may transmit the request for an UL assignment using a cyclic shift of a sequence and may refrain from transmitting (e.g., transmit nothing) on its assigned sequence when it does not request an UL assignment. By refraining from transmission (e.g., not transmitting anything) in the absence of a request for UL scheduling, the WTRU may avoid causing interference for other users in the system. This approach may increase the number of users that may be multiplexed on a RB for SR transmission on PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH). For example, depending on the frequency selectivity of the channel, <NUM> users may be multiplexed.

If an uplink channel (e.g., PUCCH) is highly frequency selective, the scheduler may avoid assigning adjacent cyclic shifts to different users. For example, in the scenario described in <FIG>, odd cyclic shifts may be assigned and even cyclic shifts may not be used, or vice versa. The number of users that may be multiplexed on the same time-frequency PUCCH resources may be reduced by half.

The number of HARQ ACK/NACK and/or SR resources corresponding to cyclic shifts that may be supported in a PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH) may be denoted as <MAT>. Depending on the frequency selectivity of the channel, some of the cyclic shifts may be excluded from the pool of resources, e.g., using a subset restriction that may be realized by a parameter <MAT>. Then, <MAT> where <MAT> may be a number of RBs that may comprise the PUCCH.

In the example shown in <FIG>, <MAT> and <MAT> may be equal to <NUM>, which may result in <MAT>. <MAT> may imply that cyclic shifts may be used in the system and there may not be a subset restriction.

The WTRU may derive the resources (e.g., cyclic time shifts of a sequence) over which it may transmit ACK/NACK and/or SR from a received PUCCH parameter (e.g., a Short PUCCH index such as <MAT>). The PUCCH parameter is received as part of downlink control information (e.g., in the NR-PDCCH). This PUCCH parameter indicates a PUCCH region across the bandwidth and the cyclic shifts that may be allocated to the WTRU for UL signaling. The PUCCH region may be comprised of an allocation for PUCCH transmission, such as a minimum allocation for PUCCH transmission in terms of number of RBs. The WTRU may derive the PUCCH region Xm used for UL signaling as a set of RBs with indices: <MAT> where m may represent an index to the PUCCH region within the overall PUCCH resource pool and may be derived as shown below. <MAT> where NRB may be the RB index from which the PUCCH regions starts.

<FIG> is a diagram that may show example regions for PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH with a duration of one or two symbols) for different values of m. For example, <FIG> may show three PUCCH regions that may span <NUM> RBs. In examples (e.g., where multiple PUCCHs may be time division multiplexed (TDM) in a slot), the WTRU may derive the allocated PUCCH region in the time domain in terms of a set of OFDM symbol indices within the slot in addition to deriving the PUCCH region in the frequency domain in terms of a set of RB indices.

A WTRU may derive the assigned combination of the two cyclic shifts for <NUM>-bit ACK/NACK/DTX and/or SR transmission within the PUCCH region Xm that it may have identified according to: <MAT> <MAT>.

In <NUM>-bit UCI signaling, the WTRU may derive the assigned combination of the four cyclic shifts for <NUM>-bit ACK/NACK and/or SR transmission within the PUCCH region Xm that it may have identified according to: <MAT> <MAT> <MAT> <MAT>.

In assigning PUCCH parameters (e.g., index <MAT>) to the WTRU, a network (e.g., a gNB) may make sure that the resulting set of cyclic shifts may not overlap a set that may be assigned to another WTRU.

ACK/NACK/SR multiplexing on PUCCH (e.g., short PUCCH with one-symbol duration) may be used. A WTRU may send positive/negative HARQ acknowledgements (e.g., HARQ-ACK or HARQ-NACK) and/or a scheduling request (SR) in a preconfigured PUCCH resource (e.g., a short PUCCH). Determining how to send HARQ acknowledgements may consider how efficiently and robustly to assign cyclic shifts of a base sequence to HARQ-ACK, HARQ-NACK and/or SR. ACK/NACK is used herein for ease of notation to include HARQ-ACK/HARQ-NACK except where noted otherwise or indicated from the context. SR, positive SR, and SR=<NUM> are used interchangeably. No SR, negative SR, and SR=<NUM> are used interchangeably.

A WTRU may employ two cyclic shifts of a base computer generated sequence (CGS) to indicate ACK/NACK on a first configured (e.g., preconfigured) RB (e.g., when the WTRU does not have a scheduling request). A WTRU may employ one cyclic shift of a base CGS on a second configured RB (e.g., only) when the WTRU has a scheduling request. For instance, a WTRU, from a first set of WTRUs, may employ a pair of cyclic shifts of a base CGS on a first RB to send ACK/NACK, and a WTRU from a second set of WTRUs may employ a pair of cyclic shifts of the same or different base CGS on a second RB for sending ACK/NACK. A WTRU from the first or second set of WTRUs may employ a cyclic shift of the same or different base CGS on a third RB if (e.g., only if) the WTRU has a scheduling request. If the WTRU does not have a scheduling request, the WTRU may not be allowed to transmit (e.g., the WTRU may not be allowed to send anything) on the third RB and/or may increase its transmit power (e.g., by 3dB) on the first or second RB (e.g., such that its total transmit power is less than or equal to the situation where the WTRU transmits its associated cyclic shift sequence on the first (or second RB) and the third RB).

SR indications may be provided implicitly, in which case a WTRU may employ two cyclic shifts of a base CGS (e.g., to indicate ACK/NACK on one of two configured RBs). The RB that the WTRU uses to place the sequences could be one of two configured RBs. For example, if the first RB is used, the WTRU may indicate that there is no scheduling request (e.g., SR=<NUM>), and if the second RB is used, the WTRU may indicate that it has a scheduling request (e.g., SR=<NUM>). The indication for a scheduling request may be implicit. There may be an ACK/NACK for each block, and the WTRU may employ four cyclic shifts of the base CGS to indicate ACK/NACK on one of two configured RBs (e.g., a WTRU may send HARQ-ACK/NACK for two transport blocks). Each sequence of the four sequences may indicate (ACK, ACK), (ACK, NACK), (NACK, ACK), or (NACK, NACK). The description below may be applicable to at least the case where the WTRU sends ACK/NACK for one or two transport blocks.

<FIG> shows an example of a WTRU sending an ACK/NACK for one or more transport blocks. In the example, a WTRU may place a first one of its pre-assigned sequences at a first RB if the WTRU has no scheduling request and place a second one of its pre-assigned sequences at a second RB if the WTRU has a scheduling request.

The priori known RBs that a WTRU may employ to place a sequence (e.g., either of two cyclic shift sequences) may be communicated to the WTRU in one or more of the following ways. The WTRU may receive two identifiers from a network (e.g., a gNB), where each identifier may uniquely identify the location (e.g., time and subcarrier indices) of a RB. The WTRU may receive one identifier which identifies the location of a first RB. The WTRU may determine the location of a second RB from the location of the first RB using a certain pattern (e.g., a known or preconfigured pattern). For example, the location of the second RB might be an adjacent RB in a contiguous RB allocation or the location of the second RB might be an RB with a known (e.g., a preconfigured) shift in time and/or subcarrier space (e.g., a non-contiguous RB). A shift in subcarrier domain (e.g., frequency) may be larger than a threshold (e.g., a preconfigured number) in order to have uncorrelated or less correlated frequency response between the first and second RBs.

For implicit SR indications, the choice of the first and second RB may not be the same across multiple (e.g., all) WTRUs. For example, WTRUs whose cyclic shift sequences are derived from the same base sequence may be grouped to operate in the same pair of RBs. A subset of available cyclic shifts of a base sequence may be assigned to a group of WTRUs. For instance, if the base sequence is of length <NUM>, <NUM> cyclic shift sequences (including zero cyclic shift) may be derived and each pair of cyclic shifts may be assigned to one WTRU among a group of <NUM> WTRUs. For example, one or more (e.g., all) WTRUs from a group of WTRUs may use the second RB to send an ACK/NACK when the one or more WTRUs have a scheduling request, and they may use the first RB otherwise. In another instance, a first portion of a group of WTRUs may use the second RB to send an ACK/NACK, when the first portion of WTRUs have a scheduling request and may use the first RB otherwise. A second portion of the WTRUs (e.g., the remaining portion of the WTRUs) may use the first RB to send an ACK/NACK, when the second portion of WTRUs have a scheduling request and may use the second RB otherwise. For example, the portion indicated above may be a half (e.g., <NUM> WTRUs out of <NUM>) or a third (e.g., <NUM> WTRUs out of <NUM>) of a group of WTRUs. Assignment of the first and second RB to a portion of the group of WTRUs may change (e.g., depending on what slot the RBs belong).

<FIG> depicts an example of two WTRUs sending ACK/NACK for one or more transport blocks. In the example, a first WTRU (e.g., WTRU1) may place a first one of its assigned (e.g., preconfigured) sequences at a first RB if the first WTRU has no scheduling request and may place a second one of its assigned sequences at a second RB if the first WTRU has a scheduling request. A second WTRU (e.g., WTRU2) may place a first one of its assigned sequences at the first RB if the second WTRU has a scheduling request and may place a second one of its assigned sequences at a second RB if the second WTRU has no scheduling request.

SR indications may be provided explicitly, in which case a WTRU may employ four cyclic shifts of the same base computer generated sequence (CGS) to indicate ACK/NACK and may have one or more restrictions in the assignment of the sequences. One or more (e.g., each) of the four sequences may be used to indicate ACK or NACK. Depending on whether there is scheduling request or not, one (e.g., only one) of the four sequences may be transmitted. A sequence may be assigned to indicate one of the following four cases: (ACK, SR=<NUM>), (NACK, SR=<NUM>), (ACK, SR=<NUM>), or (NACK, SR=<NUM>). A cyclic shift of the base sequence may be assigned to each of the four cases according to a design criteria.

A criteria may be to minimize potential interference (e.g., due to channel imperfection while decoding a sequence) among WTRUs (e.g., whose cyclic shift sequences may be adjacent to each other). For example, consider four cyclic shifts of <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> of a base sequence. One or more of the following factors may be taken into consideration when determining which cyclic shifts to use. First, the amount of UL traffic may be less than (e.g., by multiple folds) downlink traffic. This may indicate that the probability of SR=<NUM> (e.g., having UL traffic) may be less than (e.g., by multiple folds) that the probability of SR=<NUM>. Second, adjacent cyclic shifts sequences may have more interference to each other (e.g., due to channel imperfection). The following assignment may be used: (ACK, SR=<NUM>, <MAT>), (NACK, SR=<NUM>, <MAT>), (ACK, SR=<NUM>, <MAT>). and (NACK, SR=<NUM>, <MAT>), where CS may indicate a cyclic shift from the base sequence and <MAT>. For instance, in case of negligible frequency selectivity, <MAT> and CS=<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> may be used. In case of moderate frequency selectivity, <MAT> and CS=<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> may be used. If SR=<NUM> has much less probability than SR=<NUM>, there would be less chance that two WTRUs (e.g., when sending their sequences in the same RB) have their groups of sequences adjacent to each other and that the WTRUs send two sequences that have adjacent cyclic shifts. The WTRUs may also have less chance of interference to each other (e.g., when a gNB decodes the corresponding sequences of the WTRUs).

The following mapping of the cyclic shifts of the base sequence to WTRU1 and WTRU2 may use the following: <MAT> <MAT>.

The cyclic shifts may indicate the relative difference of the cyclic shifts with the base sequence. Considering that SR=<NUM> has higher probability (e.g., by multiple folds) than SR=<NUM>, WTRU1 may send CS=<NUM> <MAT> or <MAT> (e.g., most of the time) and WTRU2 may send <MAT> or <NUM> x <MAT> (e.g., most of the time), which may lead to less interference among the sequences since the cyclic shifts of the received sequences is not adjacent and are far apart. Where one of the WTRUs have SR=<NUM>, the cyclic shifts of the received sequences may not be adjacent. Where both WTRUs have SR=<NUM>, there may be adjacent cyclic shifts of the received sequences. Selecting assignment of the cyclic shifts may result in a robust indication of AC/NACK and SR.

A criteria may be minimizing potential interference, due to channel imperfection while decoding the sequence (e.g., within multiple cyclic shift sequences of the same WTRU). For example, consider four cyclic shifts of <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> of a base sequence. Because adjacent cyclic shifts of a sequence may have more interference to each other (e.g., due to channel imperfection), the following assignment may be used: (ACK, SR=<NUM>, <MAT>), (NACK, SR=<NUM>, <MAT>), (ACK, SR=<NUM>, <MAT>), and (NACK, SR=<NUM>, <MAT>), where CS indicates a cyclic shift from the base sequence. The assignment may assign the farther apart sequences to ACK and NACK such that the possibility of mis-detection of the sequence assigned to one with another is lowered.

The following mapping of the cyclic shifts of the base sequence to WTRU1 and WTRU2 may be used: <MAT> <MAT>.

The cyclic shifts may indicate the relative difference of the cyclic shifts with the base sequence. A WTRU may employ three cyclic shifts of the (e.g., same) base computer generated sequence (CGS) to jointly indicate an ACK/NACK and a scheduling request (SR). Each of the three sequences may be used to indicate either ACK or NACK and/or whether there is a scheduling request. A sequence may be assigned to each of the following three states of ACK and SR: (ACK, SR=<NUM>), (ACK, SR=<NUM>), and (NACK, SR=<NUM>). A sequence may not be assigned to the case (NACK, SR=<NUM>), in which case the action of the gNB may be similar to (e.g., almost the same) as if it were to receive a sequence (e.g., the gNB may perform a retransmission of a transport block and assign an uplink resource for the WTRU (e.g., since SR may be equal to <NUM>, indicating there is no scheduling request)).

A mapping between three successive (adjacent) cyclic shifts and the above-described three states of ACK and SR for two WTRUs whose sequences have successive cyclic shifts may be as follows: <MAT> <MAT>.

The cyclic shifts may indicate the relative difference of the cyclic shifts with the base sequence. This mapping may ensure that when a gNB attempts to decode the sequence with <MAT> of WTRU1, there is less chance of a detection error with the sequence <MAT> of WTRU2. This mapping may reduce the chance of detecting the sequence of one WTRU with another. When a gNB attempts to decode the sequence with <MAT> of WTRU1, there may be a less chance of a detection error with the sequence <MAT> (e.g., for NACK and SR=<NUM>) for the same WTRU, which may have the least probability of occurrence.

The mapping between three successive (adjacent) cyclic shifts and above-described three states of ACK and SR for two WTRUs whose sequences have successive cyclic shifts may be as follows: <MAT> <MAT>.

The cyclic shifts may indicate the relative difference of the cyclic shifts with the base sequence. This mapping may ensure that when A gNB attempts to decode the sequence with <MAT> of WTRU1, there is less chance of detection error with the sequence <MAT> of WTRU2. This mapping may reduce the chance of detecting the sequence of one WTRU with another. Also, when a gNB attempts to decode the sequence with <MAT> of WTRU1, there is less chance of detection error with the sequence <MAT> (e.g., for ACK and SR=<NUM>) of the same WTRU, which may have the next highest probability of occurrence than (ACK, SR=<NUM>).

A WTRU may transmit a pair of ACK/NACK for a pair of transport blocks (e.g., where the WTRU may successfully decode one of the transport blocks independently of the other one) and may send (ACK, ACK), (ACK, NACK), (NACK, ACK), or (NACK, NACK).

A WTRU may employ four cyclic shifts of the (e.g., same) base computer generated sequence (CGS) to jointly indicate the pair of ACK/NACK and/or a scheduling request (SR). A sequence (e.g., each of the four sequences) may be used to indicate a subset of above-listed states and/or whether there is a scheduling request. A sequence may be assigned as follows:.

A WTRU may use a separate sequence assignment for (ACK, ACK) cases (e.g., when the chance of sending ACK may be the highest). The gNB may not be able to differentiate between (ACK, NACK), (NACK, ACK), or (NACK, NACK) cases (e.g., when four sequences are assigned). This assignment (e.g., as shown above) may be referred to as bundling or joint assignments of the states, and may result in at most one unnecessary retransmission.

A WTRU may use four cyclic shifts of the (e.g., same) base computer generated sequence (CGS) to jointly indicate the pair of ACK/NACK and/or a scheduling request (SR). A sequence (e.g., each of the four sequences) may be used to indicate a subset of above-listed states and/or whether there is a scheduling request. A sequence may be assigned as follows:.

By assigning only four sequences, the gNB may not be able to differentiate between (ACK, NACK) or (NACK, ACK) cases. This may cause one unnecessary retransmission. No sequence may be assigned to the case (NACK, NACK), and SR=<NUM>, in which case the action of the gNB may be similar to (e.g., almost the same) as if it were to receive a sequence (e.g., the gNB may perform a retransmission for each of the transport blocks and assign an uplink resource for the WTRU (e.g., since SR may be equal to <NUM>, indicating there is no scheduling request)). A sequence may not be assigned to the case (NACK, NACK) and SR=<NUM>, e.g., since the case may have the least probability of occurrence. A WTRU at this state may send no sequence and the gNB may retransmit both transport blocks (e.g., from this viewpoint the action of gNB does not change). The gNB may not know that the WTRU has a scheduling request until the next opportunity that the WTRU indicates its scheduling request, e.g., via one of the sequences assigned to (ACK, ACK), and SR=<NUM>, or {(ACK, NACK), or (NACK, ACK)} and SR=<NUM>.

The following mapping of the cyclic shift sequences to the four states may be used (e.g., for state bundling as disclosed herein). An example of the mapping of the four sequences to four cyclic shifts of a base sequence may be as follows: <MAT> <MAT> <MAT> <MAT>.

This mapping may ensure a better gNB detection probability when the gNB attempts to detect the received sequence to the states of <NUM> and <NUM>, which may have the highest detection probability.

The mapping of the four sequences to four cyclic shifts of a base sequence may be as follows: <MAT> <MAT> <MAT> <MAT>.

This mapping may ensure a better gNB detection probability when the gNB attempts to detect whether the received sequence belongs to WTRU1 or to WTRU2 (e.g., where WTRU2 may have its cyclic shift sequences right after the cyclic shift sequences of WTRU1).

A WTRU may employ six cyclic shifts of the same base CGS to jointly indicate the pair of ACK/NACK and/or SR. A sequence may be assigned to each of the following states:.

When no sequence is assigned to (NACK, NACK) and SR=<NUM>, the behavior of the gNB may be similar to (e.g., almost the same) as if the gNB were to receive a sequence for this state. A sequence may not be assigned to the state (NACK, NACK) and SR=<NUM>, e.g., since the state may have the least probability of occurrence. A WTRU may send its scheduling request in the next PUCCH opportunity. For example, when <MAT>, for a first WTRU, the mapping of a sequence associated to each state to a cyclic shift of a base CGS may be as follows: State <NUM> to State <NUM> may be assigned to CS=<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM> respectively. For a second WTRU, the mapping of a sequence associated to each state to a cyclic shift of the same base CGS may be: State <NUM> to State <NUM> may be assigned to CS=<NUM>, <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM> respectively. These mappings may lower the gNB error detection of a sequence (e.g., associated with a high probability state) that belongs to the first WTRU with that of the second WTRU. In another embodiment, when <MAT>, for a WTRU, the mapping of a sequence associated to each state to a cyclic shift of a base CGS may be as follows: State <NUM> to State <NUM> may be assigned respectively to CS=<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM> or CS=<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM> or CS=<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM> or CS=<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>. These mappings may lower the error detection among the states of the same WTRU. In an example, the mapping may be based on principles of Gray coding which may ensure that a potential erroneous detection of a sequence with its adjacent cyclic shift causes only one error in the information carried by the sequence (e.g., State <NUM> to State <NUM> may be assigned respectively to CS=<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM> or CS=<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM> or CS=<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>).

In examples, in addition to the above six states, there may be two more states: State <NUM> for (NACK, NACK) and SR=<NUM>, and State <NUM> (NACK, NACK) and SR=<NUM> (e.g., covering all the possible states and a sequence may be assigned to each). For a WTRU, a sequence associated to each state may be mapped to a cyclic shift of a base CGS as follows: State <NUM> to State <NUM> may be assigned to CS=<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM> or CS=<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>. These mappings may lower the error detection among the states of the same WTRU. Even if a gNB that receives one of these sequences detects an adjacent cyclic shift in error, the error may be minimized (e.g., out of three pieces of information only one may be in error).

Positive SR and HARQ-ACK may be transmitted on PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH) in the same slot. If the HARQ-ACK payload is less than or equal to <NUM> bits, the WTRU may transmit the HARQ-ACK on the PUCCH resource for SR using the PUCCH format for up to <NUM> bits (e.g., PUCCH Format A). If the HARQ-ACK payload is more than <NUM> bits, the WTRU may transmit both SR and HARQ-ACK on the PUCCH resource for HARQ-ACK (e.g., using the PUCCH format for carrying more than <NUM> bits (e.g., PUCCH Format B)).

Negative SR and HARQ-ACK may be transmitted on PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH) in the same slot. If the HARQ-ACK payload is less than or equal to <NUM> bits, the WTRU may transmit the HARQ-ACK on the PUCCH resource for HARQ-ACK using the PUCCH format for up to <NUM> bits. If the HARQ-ACK payload is more than <NUM> bits, the WTRU may transmit both SR and HARQ-ACK on the PUCCH resource for HARQ-ACK using the PUCCH format for carrying more than <NUM> bits.

For PUCCH format of up to <NUM> bits (e.g., PUCCH Format A), a resource may include
one or more PRB indices, one or two OFDM symbol indices within a slot, and/or a group of two or four sequences/cyclic shifts. A resource may be (e.g., only) associated with one sequence and/or cyclic shift of a sequence. For PUCCH format of more than <NUM> bits (e.g., PUCCH Format B), a resource may at least include one or more PRB indices and/or one or two OFDM symbol indices within a slot.

A WTRU may determine the PUCCH resource or resource groups through higher layer configuration and/or DCI. For example, the WTRU may be configured by multiple PUCCH resource groups and identify the assigned resource or resource group in each slot using a bit field in DCI. The size of each resource group could be <NUM>, <NUM> or <NUM> resources which may be a function of the HARQ-ACK payload. For HARQ-ACK payload of more than <NUM> bits, a resource group may have one resource. For HARQ-ACK payload of one bit, a resource group may have two resources. For HARQ-ACK payload of <NUM> bits, a resource group may have <NUM> resources.

If the WTRU is configured with <NUM> PUCCH resource groups, the WTRU may identify the resource group in a given slot using a bitfield of <NUM> bits in DCI. In an example, the number of RBs over which the PUCCH is transmitted can be signaled by higher layer signaling as part of the PUCCH resource configuration. In an example, the WTRU may receive the first OFDM symbol index of PUCCH within a slot through higher layer signaling and determine the second OFDM symbol index of the PUCCH using a formula.

A WTRU may bundle the <NUM> HARQ-ACK bits using the AND operation. The WTRU may use two resources/sequences for signaling of HARQ-ACK and/or SR, and may apply a pre-defined resource mapping rule (e.g., when positive SR and <NUM>-bit HARQ-ACK are to be transmitted on PUCCH in the same slot or mini-slot). The WTRU may use two resources/sequences for signaling of HARQ-ACK using a different resource mapping rule (e.g., when negative SR and <NUM>-bit HARQ-ACK are to be transmitted on PUCCH in the same slot or mini-slot), as shown in the following table 2B:.

ACK/NACK/SR transmission (e.g., on a short PUCCH with a duration of two symbols) may be provided. <FIG> is an example diagram that may show ACK/NACK and/or SR transmission. The transmission may use frequency shifted RS and may be implicit. For example, the WTRU may implicitly transmit one or two bits of ACK/NACK and/or SR using different frequency shifts of Reference Symbol (RS) sequences, such as a CAZAC sequence, in the two consecutive OFDM symbols that may comprise a PUCCH (e.g., a Short PUCCH). The RS sequences for the two consecutive OFDM symbols may be the same or different cyclic time or frequency shifts of a base sequence. The ACK/NACK or SR signaling may be implicit and may be additional to the CSI being transmitted on the resource elements that may not be used for RS. An implicit transmission may be an efficient way for UCI signaling in the UL.

In a SR transmission, the WTRU may not shift the RS in the frequency in the second OFDM symbol when the WTRU does not request to be scheduled and may shift the RS in the frequency when the WTRU requests to be scheduled as shown in Table <NUM>. In a ACK/NACK/DTX transmission, the WTRU may not shift the RS in the frequency in the second OFDM symbol in the case of NACK or DTX signaling and may shift the RS in the frequency in the second OFDM symbol when transmitting ACK.

Table <NUM> shows an example mapping of <NUM>-bit ACK/NACK/DTX or SR to RS frequency shift in the second OFDM symbol.

The WTRU may use a lower RS density to transmit a higher number of bits as shown in Table <NUM>. For example, the WTRU may use <NUM>/<NUM> RS density for signaling of one bit of ACK/NACK or SR in the UL. As another example, the WTRU may use <NUM>/<NUM> RS density to signal more than one bit of information, e.g. ACK/NACK/DTX. Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) may imply that neither ACK nor NACK may be transmitted. An example mapping of ACK/NACK/DTX to RS Shift in the second OFDM symbol is shown in Table <NUM>.

The WTRU may transmit (e.g., simultaneously transmit) <NUM>-bit ACK/NACK and <NUM>-bit SR using the RS shift approach with the lower RS density of <NUM>/<NUM>. An example mapping of ACK/NACK and SR to RS Shift in the second OFDM symbol is shown in Table <NUM>. The WTRU may use four RS frequency shifts for signaling <NUM>-bit ACK/NACK information as shown in Table <NUM>.

<FIG> is an example diagram that may show ACK/NACK and/or SR transmission using time domain cover code on RS. This may be done implicitly. The WTRU may transmit one bit of ACK/NACK and/or SR by applying a time domain cover code on Reference Symbol (RS) sequences, such as a CAZAC sequence, in the two consecutive OFDM symbols that may comprise a PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH). That may be done irrespective of the RS density of the PUCCH. Two variants of this approach with RS density of <NUM>/<NUM> and <NUM>/<NUM> may be seen in <FIG>. The time domain codes may be length-<NUM> Walsh-Hadamard Orthogonal codes.

An example mapping of SR to cover codes is shown in Table <NUM>. When the WTRU does not request to be scheduled, it may use cover code of [<NUM><NUM>] on the two RS symbols (e.g., which may be the equivalent to not applying any cover code). When the WTRU requests to be scheduled, then it may use cover code [<NUM> -<NUM>] on the two RS symbols. For transmission of <NUM>-bit ACK/NACK/DTX, the WTRU may use cover code of [<NUM><NUM>] on the two RS symbols to signal NACK/DTX and cover code [<NUM> -<NUM>] to signal ACK.

A WTRU may implicitly transmit one or two bits of ACK/NACK and/or SR by applying respective (e.g., different) cyclic time shifts of the RS base sequence (e.g., a CAZAC sequence) in the OFDM symbol(s) (e.g., each of two consecutive OFDM symbols) of the PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH). <FIG> is an example diagram that may show ACK/NACK and/or SR transmission (e.g., implicit transmission) using differential cyclic time shifts for RS. Three example scenarios with RS density of <NUM>/<NUM>, <NUM>/<NUM>, and <NUM>/<NUM> may be shown. With RS density of <NUM>/<NUM>, the WTRU may apply a sequence based scheme for ACK/NACK and/or SR transmission; other UCI (e.g., CSI, PMI, RI, etc.) may or may not be transmitted in this scenario. When the RS density is lower than <NUM>%, UCI, ACK/NACK and/or SR may be multiplexed on the same PUCCH resources (e.g., short PUCCH resources). For example, for transmitting <NUM>-bit of ACK/NACK or SR, the WTRU may use the cyclic shift of m for the RS in the first OFDM symbol and the cyclic time shift of n for the RS in the second OFDM symbol. If both cyclic time shifts are the same (e.g., m = n), then it may imply that the WTRU does not request to be scheduled. When the cyclic time shifts on the two OFDM symbols are different (e.g., m≠n), then it may imply that the WTRU may be requesting to be scheduled for the UL transmission. The UL transmission may be PUSCH. For transmission of <NUM>-bit ACK/NACK/DTX, the WTRU may use the same cyclic time shift for the two RSs on two different OFDM symbols to signal NACK/DTX and use a different cyclic time shift for the two RSs to signal ACK. Table <NUM> shows an example mapping of SR or ACK/NACK/DTX using different cyclic time shifts for RS.

<FIG> shows an example diagram for SR transmission using RS on-off keying, which may be implicit. The WTRU may transmit one bit of ACK/NACK and/or SR by turning on or off the Reference Symbols (RS) on the second OFDM symbol of the two consecutive OFDM symbols comprising a PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH). This may be done implicitly.

As shown in Table <NUM>, when the WTRU does not request to be scheduled, such as when the SR is off, the WTRU may transmit RS on the second OFDM symbol. When the WTRU does request to be scheduled, such as when SR is equal to one, then the WTRU may not transmit RS on the second OFDM symbol.

As shown at <NUM> in <FIG>, when the WTRU does request to be scheduled and may not transmit RS on the second OFDM, the WTRU may turn off the RS (e.g., not transmitting the RS) on the second OFDM symbol. The WTRU may distribute the power of the RS on the remaining REs of the second OFDM symbol within the PUCCH used for UCI transmission. The turned off REs on the second OFDM symbol may be interpreted as reserved REs by the receiver with no transmission, such as a zero power RE. By distributing power from RS to UCI, the BLER performance of UCI may be improved.

As shown at <NUM> in <FIG>, when the WTRU does request to be scheduled and may not transmit RS on the second OFDM, the WTRU may turn off the RS (e.g., not transmitting the RS) on the second OFDM symbol. The WTRU may reallocate REs on the second OFDM symbol to the UCI transmission. For example, no RS may be transmitted on the second OFDM symbol. In this case the coding rate for the UCI transmission may be lower, which may result in better BLER performance for the UCI. The rate matching may be different for UCI regardless of whether SR may be transmitted or not. Table <NUM> shows an example mapping of SR to the presence of RS in the second OFDM symbol.

<FIG> shows an example diagram for ACK/NACK and/or SR transmission (e.g., implicit transmission of ACK/NACK and/or SR) using RS with waveform coding. The waveform coding may include PPM, Manchester coding, and/or the like. The WTRU may encode one bit of ACK/NACK and/or SR by using multiple on (e.g., RS is transmitted) OFDM symbols and off (e.g., RS is not transmitted) OFDM symbols. The WTRU may encode one bit of ACK/NACK and/or SR by changing the position of the on and off OFDM symbols. Manchester coding may be applied between multiple (e.g., two) OFDM symbols of a multi-symbol (e.g., two-symbol) PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH).

As shown at <NUM> and <NUM> in <FIG>, ACK may be encoded as follows: one or more REs of a second OFDM symbol may have energy and the same REs in a first OFDM symbol may have zero energy. NACK may be encoded as follows: one or more REs of a first OFDM symbol may have energy and the same REs in the following OFDM symbol may have zero energy.

As shown at <NUM> and <NUM> in <FIG>, SR = <NUM> (e.g., SR is on) may be encoded as follows: one or more of REs of a second OFDM symbol may have energy and one or more of REs in a first OFDM symbol that are shifted up by <NUM> from the one or more REs of the second OFDM symbol may have zero energy. SR = <NUM> (e.g., SR is off) may be encoded as follows: one or more of REs of a first OFDM symbol may have energy and one or more of REs of a second OFDM symbol that are shifted up by <NUM> from the one or more REs of the first OFDM symbol may have zero energy.

The WTRU may use any combination of the schemes proposed herein for ACK/NACK and/or SR signaling in the UL. As disclosed herein, a WTRU may use a number of methods to implicitly signal one or more bits of UCI information. For example, the WTRU may signal one or more bits of UCI information using any combination of frequency shifted RS and/or Time Domain Cover Code on RS, differential cyclic time shifts for RS, RS on-off keying, RS with waveform coding, and/or the like.

Signaling of a SR in a PUCCH (e.g., a short PUCCH) may be provided. The signaling may be explicit. SR and UCI may be signaled in a same OFDM symbol. UCI and SR may be transmitted by multiplexing the sequences or symbols corresponding to the UCI and the SR in frequency as shown in <FIG>. Since the SR and UCI symbols may be separated in frequency, the same sequence may be used to transmit both types of data. When the WTRU does not have a SR to transmit, the subcarriers reserved for SR transmission may be loaded with zeros.

<FIG> shows an example diagram for frequency division multiplexing of UCI and SR. The SR and reference symbols (RS) may be transmitted on the same subcarriers but on different OFDM symbols. In OFDM symbols where SR may not be scheduled to be transmitted, the subcarriers allocated to RS/SR may be used for the transmission of reference symbols.

There may be OFDM symbols where SR may be scheduled to be transmitted. If the WTRU does not have a scheduling request to transmit, the subcarriers allocated to RS/SR may be used for the transmission of reference symbols.

There may be OFDM symbols where SR is scheduled to be transmitted. If the WTRU has a scheduling request to transmit, the subcarriers allocated to RS/SR may be used for the transmission of the SR sequence. The receiver may use the SR sequence to also estimate the channel and/or decode the UCI.

RS and SR sequences may be chosen to be different. For example, they may be different cyclic shifts of the same base sequence or they may be two different base sequences. The sequences may be Zadoff Chu sequences, CAZAC sequences, and/or the like.

Orthogonality between the sequences transmitted by a WTRU may be achieved in frequency domain by allocating different subcarriers to the UCI and SR. Orthogonality between the sequences transmitted by different WTRUs may be achieved in frequency domain and/or using orthogonal sequences. For example, in <FIG>, WTRU1 and WTRU2 may use orthogonal sequences for the UCI and orthogonal sequences for the SR.

<FIG> shows an example diagram for UCI and SR transmission by one or more WTRUs. The number of subcarriers to transmit UCI and SR, or to transmit UCI or SR only, may be different. For example, K subcarriers may be sufficient for the transmission of UCI (and reference symbols for the decoding of the UCI) or SR, while <NUM> subcarriers may be required for the transmission of UCI and SR.

The difference in the amount of resources may be managed. For example, the WTRU may be configured with an amount of frequency resources, such as K subcarriers. These resources may be used for the transmission of UCI or SR. When both UCI and SR exist, the amount of resources may be increased. For example, the resources may be increased to <NUM>. The amount of additional resources and the indices of the additional subcarriers may be determined.

<FIG> shows an example diagram for UCI and/or SR transmission by one or more WTRUs. When one or more of the WTRUs do not have UCI to transmit or are not configured to transmit SR, they may leave the allocated subcarriers un-used, as shown in <FIG>. This may occur, for example, in the OFDM symbols when a WTRU is not configured to transmit SR. For illustration purposes, interleaved subcarriers may be shown, but a non-contiguous set of subcarriers may also be used. For example, UCI and SR may be transmitted on two different groups of subcarriers. The RS that may be used for the decoding of the UCI may not be shown, but it is understood that RS transmission may accompany UCI transmission.

If a WTRU has unused resources, it may repeat the transmission of the UCI or the SR in those resources. For example, WTRU2 may repeat the UCI on the subcarriers that may be allocated to the SR. Due to the coding/spreading gain, transmit power may be reduced accordingly. A WTRU may use two different sequences for the SR and the UCI. For example, the sequences may be two different base sequences or two different cyclic shifts of the same base sequence.

Low PAPR transmission may be provided. <FIG> shows an example diagram for PAPR transmission of UCI and SR. In examples (e.g., when UCI and SR are transmitted in a same OFDM symbol), PAPR may be reduced by utilizing time domain multiplexing of the UCI and SR sequences/symbols. This may be achieved by time multiplexing the UCI and SR before DFT precoding as shown in <FIG>. Input to the different input pins of the DFT block may include the UCI and/or SR. After a phase shifting operation, which may be optional, the output DFT-precoded UCI and SR symbols may be mapped to the same subcarriers. These subcarriers may be contiguous or interleaved. Input to the DFT block may include vector [UCI SR], e.g., [d1 d2 c1 c2].

There may be OFDM symbols where SR is not scheduled to be transmitted. Resource allocated to SR may be used for the transmission of reference symbols.

There may be OFDM symbols where SR is scheduled to be transmitted. If the WTRU does not have a scheduling request to transmit, the resource allocated to SR may be used for the transmission of reference symbols.

There may be OFDM symbols where SR is scheduled to be transmitted. If the WTRU has a scheduling request to transmit, the resources allocated to SR may be used for the transmission of the SR sequence. The receiver may use the SR sequence to estimate the channel and decode the UCI.

The RS and SR sequences may be chosen to be different. For example, they may be different cyclic shifts of the same base sequence or they may be two different base sequences. The sequences may be Zadoff Chu sequences, CAZAC sequences, and/or the like.

<FIG> shows another example diagram for low PAPR transmission of UCI and SR. A precoded UCI and SR may be mapped to different subcarriers. The inputs of a DFT block that may be loaded with zeros by a first WTRU may be used by a second WTRU.

<FIG> shows another example diagram for low PAPR transmission of UCI and SR. The UCI and SR may be mapped to the DFT inputs in an interleaved manner while different input pins of a DFT block may be utilized by the UCI and SR symbols. The DFT outputs may be mapped to the same or different subcarriers and the subcarriers may be contiguous or interleaved. When the DFT outputs are mapped to a subcarrier, one DFT block may be sufficient. For example, as shown in <FIG>, the input to the DFT block may be [d1 c1 d2 c2].

Each of the computing systems described herein may have one or more computer processors having memory that are configured with executable instructions or hardware for accomplishing the functions described herein including determining the parameters described herein and sending and receiving messages between entities (e.g., WTRU and network) to accomplish the described functions. The processes described above may be implemented in a computer program, software, and/or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer and/or processor.

Claim 1:
A wireless transmit receive unit, WTRU, comprising:
a processor configured to:
receive downlink control information, the downlink control information comprising a physical uplink control channel, PUCCH, parameter;
determine one or more resource blocks to be used to transmit a PUCCH transmission based on the PUCCH parameter received in the downlink control information;
select a cyclic shift out of a plurality of cyclic shifts that can be used by the WTRU for indicating one or more the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request, HARQ, feedback bits in the PUCCH transmission based on the one or more HARQ feedback bits to be indicated using the PUCCH transmission, wherein the PUCCH parameter indicates the plurality of cyclic shifts; and
transmit the PUCCH transmission via the one or more resource blocks using the selected cycle shift.