Patent Description:
The present disclosure relates in general to digital cameras, and more particularly, to digital cameras with pop-out mechanisms and lenses.

Compact multi-aperture digital cameras (also referred to as "multi-lens cameras" or "multi-cameras") and in particular dual-aperture (or "dual-camera") and triple-aperture (or "triple-camera") digital cameras are known. Miniaturization technologies allow incorporation of such cameras in compact portable electronic devices such as tablets and mobile phones (the latter referred to hereinafter generically as "smartphones"), where they provide advanced imaging capabilities such as zoom, see e.g. co-owned PCT patent application No. PCT/IB2063/<NUM>, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. A typical triple-camera system (exemplarily including an ultra-wide-angle (or "Ultra-Wide" or "UW") camera, wide-angle (or "Wide") camera and a telephoto (or "Tele") camera.

A challenge with dual-aperture zoom cameras relates to camera height and size of image sensor ("Sensor Diagonal" or SD). There is a large difference in the height (and also of the total track length or "TTL") of the Tele and Wide cameras. <FIG> illustrates schematically the definition of various entities such as TTL, effective focal length (EFL) and back focal length (BFL). The TTL is defined as the maximal distance between the object-side surface of a first lens element and a camera image sensor plane. The BFL is defined as the minimal distance between the image-side surface of a last lens element and a camera image sensor plane. In the following, "W" and "T" subscripts refer respectively to Wide and Tele cameras. The EFL has a meaning well known in the art. In most miniature lenses, the TTL is larger than the EFL, as in <FIG>.

<FIG> shows an exemplary camera system having a lens with a field of view (FOV), an EFL and an image sensor with a sensor width S. For fixed width/height ratios of a (normally rectangular) image sensor, the sensor diagonal is proportional to the sensor width and height. The horizontal FOV relates to EFL and sensor width as follows: <MAT>.

This shows that for realizing a camera with a larger image sensor width (i.e. larger sensor diagonal) but same FOV, a larger EFL is required.

In mobile devices, typical Wide cameras have <NUM> equivalent focal lengths ("35eqFL"). ranging from <NUM> to <NUM>. Image sensors embedded in mobile cameras are smaller than full frame sensors and actual focal lengths in Wide cameras range from <NUM> to <NUM>, depending on the sensor size and FOV. In most lenses designed for such cameras, the TTL/EFL ratio is larger than <NUM> and is typically between <NUM> and <NUM>. Another characteristic of these lenses is that their TTL-to-sensor diagonal ratio TTL/SD is typically in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>. Embedding larger sensors in Wide cameras is desirable, but require larger EFL for maintaining the same FOV, resulting in larger TTL, which is undesirable.

Many mobile devices include now both Tele and Wide cameras. The Tele camera enables optical zoom and other computational photography features such as digital Bokeh. Depending on the Wide camera characteristics and permissible module height, the 35eqFL of mobile device Tele cameras ranges from <NUM> to <NUM>. The TTL of lenses designed for Tele cameras is smaller than the EFL of such lenses, typically satisfying <NUM><TTL/EFL<<NUM>. Typical Tele EFL values range from <NUM> to <NUM> (without applying <NUM> equivalence conversion) in vertical (non-folded) Tele cameras and from <NUM> to <NUM> in folded Tele cameras. Larger EFL is desirable for enhancing the optical zoom effect but it results in larger TTL, which is undesirable.

In a continuous attempt to improve the obtained image quality, there is a need to incorporate larger image sensors into the Wide and Tele cameras. Larger sensors allow for improved low-light performance and larger number of pixels, hence improving the spatial resolution as well. Other image quality characteristics, such as noise characteristics, dynamic range and color fidelity may also improve as the sensor size increases.

As the Wide camera sensor becomes larger, the required EFL is larger (for the same <NUM> equivalent focal length), the lens TTL increases and the camera module height becomes larger, resulting in a limit on the permissible sensor size when considering the allowed mobile device thickness or other industrial design constraints. In Wide cameras of most mobile devices, the sensor pixel array size full diagonal ranges from about <NUM> (typically referred to as <NUM>/<NUM>" sensor) to <NUM> (typically referred to <NUM>" sensor).

It would be beneficial to have Wide and/or Tele lens designs that support large EFLs for large sensor diagonals (optical zoom) while still having small TTL for slim design. The latter is presented for example in co-owned <CIT>.

<CIT> discloses: A zoom lens includes: in an order from an object side to an image side, a first lens group having a positive refractive power; a second lens group having a negative refractive power; a third lens group having a positive refractive power; and a fourth lens group having a positive refractive power, wherein, when zooming is performed from a wide angle position to a telephoto position, the first through fourth lens groups move, and the first lens group includes a first negative lens and a second positive lens from the object side. The zoom lens may be part of an electronic apparatus, such as a photographing apparatus.

<CIT> describes: At least one object of the present invention is to provide a lens barrel, including: a fixed frame (<NUM>) having a fixed cylinder (<NUM>); a telescopic cylinder (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, etc.) configured to be accommodated within the fixed cylinder (<NUM>); a plurality of lens groups (<NUM>, <NUM>) configured to be retained in the telescopic cylinder; a lens driving device (<NUM>, <NUM>, etc.) configured to drive the plurality of lens groups along a optical axis of the telescopic cylinder between a collapsed position and an extended position; and two retractable lens groups (<NUM>, <NUM>) configured to be retracted into the telescopic cylinder when the telescopic cylinder is in the extended position and configured to be retracted out of the telescopic cylinder when the telescopic cylinder is in the collapsed position.

<CIT> describes an optical system that produces a digital image of a field of view, the optical system including: a) a sensor array of light sensors that produces an output signal indicating an intensity of light received by each light sensor; b) one or more optical elements that together project an image of the field of view onto the sensor array, including at least one sectioned optical element comprising a plurality of sections, at least two of the sections differing in one or both of size and shape, each section projecting onto the sensor array an image of only a portion of the field of view, the different sections projecting images of different portions of the field of view to non-overlapping regions of the sensor array.

In various examples, there are provided digital cameras comprising: an optics module comprising a lens assembly that includes N lens elements Li-Ln starting with Li on an object side, wherein N > <NUM>; an image sensor having a sensor diagonal Sd in the range of <NUM>-<NUM>; and a pop-out mechanism configured to control at least one air-gap between lens elements or between a lens element and the image sensor to bring the camera to an operative pop-out state and to a collapsed state, wherein the lens assembly has a total track length TTL in the operative pop-out state and a collapsed total track length cTTL in the collapsed state, and wherein cTTL/ Sd < <NUM>.

For simplicity, in the description below, "lens" may be used instead of "lens assembly".

Henceforth and for simplicity, the use of the term "pop-out" before various components may be skipped, with the understanding that if defined the first time as being a "pop-out" component, that component is such throughout this description.

In various examples of cameras above and below, the window pop-up mechanism includes a window frame engageable with the optics module, wherein the window frame does not touch the optics module in the pop-out state and wherein the window frame is operable to press on the optics module to bring the camera to the collapsed state. The window frame includes a window that is not in direct contact with the lens.

In some examples, the largest air-gap d is between LN-i and LN.

In some examples, the largest air-gap d is between Ln-<NUM> and Ln-i or between Ln-i and Ln, and the lens assembly has a <NUM> equivalent focal length 35eqFL between <NUM> and <NUM><NUM>. In such an example, d may be larger than TTL/<NUM>.

In some examples, SD is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>.

In some examples, a camera as above or below is included in a multi-camera together with a second camera having a second total track length TTL<NUM> in the range of <NUM>. 9xTTL to <NUM>.

In some examples, the lens assembly has a <NUM> equivalent focal length 35eqFL larger than <NUM>.

In some examples, the lens assembly has an effective focal length EFL and ratio TTL/EFL is smaller than <NUM> and larger than <NUM>.

In various examples, there are provided digital cameras comprising an optics module comprising a lens assembly that includes N lens elements L<NUM>-LN starting with L<NUM> on an object side, wherein N ≥ <NUM> and wherein the lens assembly has a back focal length BFL that is larger than any air-gap between lens elements and has an effective focal length EFL in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>; a pop-out mechanism configured to actuate the lens assembly to an operative pop-out state and to a collapsed state, wherein the lens assembly has a total track length TTL in the operative pop-out state and a collapsed total track length cTTL in the collapsed state, and wherein the pop-out mechanism is configured to control the BFL such that cTTL/EFL < <NUM>; and an image sensor having sensor diagonal SD.

In some examples, a pop-out mechanism includes a window pop-out mechanism based on a pin-groove assembly, and one or more of the pins slide in vertically oriented grooves and one or more pins slide in angled grooves that have an angle of <NUM>-<NUM> degrees, <NUM>-<NUM> degrees or <NUM>-<NUM> degrees with respect to the vertical.

In some examples, a pop-out mechanism includes a barrel pop-out mechanism that comprises springs and a guiding and positioning mechanism that enables sufficient z-decenter and xy-decenter accuracy between lens elements in the operative pop-out state and enables repeatability in switching between operative and collapsed states, wherein the sufficient decenter accuracy is less than <NUM> decenter and wherein the repeatability is less than <NUM> decenter. In other examples, the sufficient decenter accuracy is less than <NUM> decenter and the repeatability is less than <NUM> decenter. In yet other examples, the sufficient decenter accuracy is less than <NUM> decenter and the repeatability is less than <NUM> decenter. The guiding and positioning mechanism may be based on a pin and groove assembly, on a stopper or on a kinematic coupling mechanism. In some examples, a guiding mechanism may be based on a pin-groove assembly and a positioning mechanism based on a magnetic force.

In some examples, SD is in the range of <NUM> to10mm and the lens assembly has a 35eqFL larger than <NUM> and smaller than <NUM>.

In some examples, SD is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM> and the lens assembly has a 35eqFL larger than <NUM> and smaller than <NUM>.

In some examples, ratio TTL/EFL is smaller than <NUM> and larger than <NUM>.

In some examples, BFL is larger than TTL/<NUM> and smaller than TTL/<NUM>.

In some examples of cameras as above or below, the lens has a lens element with a largest lens diameter dL, wherein a penalty between a largest diameter dmodule of the optics module and the largest lens diameter dL is smaller than <NUM>, tan <NUM> or even than <NUM>.

In various examples, there are provided multi-cameras comprising: a first camera that includes a first lens assembly with a first field of view FOV<NUM> and N lens elements L<NUM>-LN starting with L<NUM> on an object side wherein N ≥ <NUM>, a first image sensor having a sensor diagonal SD1, and a pop-out mechanism that controls a largest air-gap d between two consecutive lens elements to bring the first camera to an operative pop-out state and a collapsed state, wherein the first lens assembly has a first <NUM> equivalent focal length 35eqFL<NUM>, a total track length TTL<NUM> in the operative state and a collapsed total track length cTTL<NUM> in the collapsed state, wherein SD1 is in the range <NUM>-<NUM> and wherein cTTL<NUM>/ SD1 < <NUM>; and a second camera having a second camera effective focal length EFL<NUM> of <NUM>-<NUM> and including a second lens assembly with a second field of view FOV<NUM> smaller than FOV<NUM>, the second lens assembly comprising M lens elements L<NUM>-LM starting with L<NUM> on an object side wherein M ≥<NUM>, and a pop-out mechanism configured to actuate the second camera to an operative state and a collapsed state, wherein the second lens assembly has a second <NUM> equivalent focal length 35eqFL<NUM>, a total track length TTL<NUM> in the operative state and a collapsed total track length cTTL<NUM> in the collapsed state, and wherein cTTL/EFL < <NUM>.

In some examples, cTTL<NUM> = cTTL<NUM> ±<NUM>%.

In some examples, 35eqFL<NUM> ≥ <NUM> x 35eqFL<NUM>.

In some examples, 35eqFLi is larger than <NUM>.

In some examples, 35eqFL<NUM> is larger than <NUM>.

In various examples, there are provided multi-cameras comprising: a Wide camera comprising a lens barrel carrying a Wide lens assembly comprising N≥ <NUM> lens elements L<NUM>-LN starting with L<NUM> on an object side, an image sensor having a Wide sensor diagonal SDW, and a first pop-out mechanism that controls an air-gap dN-<NUM> between lens elements LN and LN-<NUM> to bring the camera to an operative state and a collapsed state, wherein the Wide lens assembly has a field of view FOVw, a total track length TTLW in the operative state and a collapsed total track length cTTLw in the collapsed state, wherein if SDW is in the range <NUM>-<NUM> then cTTLw/ SDW < <NUM>; and a Tele camera comprising a lens barrel carrying a Tele lens assembly comprising N is ≥ <NUM> lens elements L<NUM>-LN starting with L<NUM> on an object side, a Tele image sensor having a sensor diagonal SDT and a second pop-out mechanism that controls an air-gap between lens element LN and the Tele image sensor to bring the camera to an operative state and a collapsed state, wherein the Tele lens assembly has a field of view FOVT smaller than FOVw, a TTLT in the operative state and a cTTLT in the collapsed state, wherein if SDT is in the range <NUM>-<NUM> then cTTLT<EFLT<<NUM>, and wherein cTTLW = cTTLT ± <NUM>%.

In some examples, the multi-camera is embedded in a device having a device exterior surface, and in an operative state the camera extends beyond the device exterior surface by <NUM>-<NUM> and in a non-operative state the cameras extends beyond the device exterior surface by less than <NUM>.

In some examples, <NUM> < TTLW < <NUM>, <NUM> < TTLW/EFLW< <NUM> and dN-<NUM> is greater than TTL/<NUM>.

In some examples, there is provided a camera comprising: a lens assembly comprising N lens elements L<NUM>-LN starting with L<NUM> on an object side wherein N ≥ <NUM>; a curved image sensor having a sensor diagonal SD in the range of <NUM>-<NUM>; and a pop-out mechanism that controls an air-gap d between LN and the image sensor to bring the camera to an operative pop-out state and a collapsed state, wherein the lens assembly has a total track length TTL in the operative pop-out state and a collapsed total track length cTTL in the collapsed state, wherein cTTL/SD < <NUM> and wherein the lens assembly has a <NUM> equivalent focal length 35eqFL that is smaller than <NUM>.

Non-limiting examples of embodiments disclosed herein are described below with reference to figures attached hereto that are listed following this paragraph. Identical structures, elements or parts that appear in more than one figure are generally labeled with a same numeral in all the figures in which they appear. If identical elements are shown but numbered in only one figure, it is assumed that they have the same number in all figures in which they appear. The drawings and descriptions are meant to illuminate and clarify embodiments disclosed herein and should not be considered limiting in any way. In the drawings:.

<FIG> shows in cross sectional view (through cross section marked 2A-2A in <FIG>) an example numbered <NUM> of a pop-out camera disclosed herein incorporated in a "host" device <NUM> (e.g. a smartphone, tablet, etc.). In <FIG>, camera <NUM> is shown in an operative or "pop-out" state-(and thus referred to as a "camera in pop-out state"). Camera <NUM> has also a collapsed ("c" or "non-operative") state, shown in <FIG>. In this state, the camera is not operative as a camera in pop-out state. <FIG> shows camera <NUM> in the pop-out state and <FIG> shows camera <NUM> in the collapsed state, both in perspective views.

Camera <NUM> comprises a general pop-out mechanism <NUM> and a pop-out optics module <NUM>. Optics module <NUM> comprises a lens barrel holder <NUM> carrying a pop-out lens barrel <NUM> with a pop-out lens assembly <NUM>, and in some cases ("examples") an image sensor <NUM>. In some examples, the image sensor may be separate from the optics module. Lens barrel <NUM> and window <NUM> are separated by an air-gap <NUM> of, for example, <NUM>-<NUM>. Air-gap <NUM> allows for a movement of the lens barrel by <NUM>-<NUM> for performing auto-focus (AF) and optical image stabilization (OIS) by moving the lens as known in the art. Optics module <NUM> is covered by a cover <NUM>. In some examples, the pop-out lens barrel (e.g. a lens barrel <NUM>) may be divided into two or more sections, e.g. in a fixed lens barrel section and a collapsible barrel section.

General pop-out mechanism <NUM> comprises a "window" pop-out mechanism (external to the optics module) and a "barrel" pop-out mechanism with some parts external to and some parts internal to the optics module. The window pop-out mechanism raises and lowers the window. The barrel pop-out mechanism enables the pop-out and collapsed lens barrel states.

The window pop-out mechanism includes parts shown in detail for example in <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>. Specifically, the window pop-out mechanism comprises an actuator like <NUM> or <NUM>', a pop-out frame <NUM> (see e.g. <FIG>) that includes a window frame <NUM> carrying a window <NUM> that covers an aperture <NUM> of the camera, and an external module seal <NUM>. External module seal <NUM> prevents particles and fluids from entering the camera and host device <NUM>. In some embodiments (e.g. in a frame <NUM>' described with reference to <FIG>), a pop-out frame may include additional parts such as a cam follower (e.g. <NUM> in <FIG>), a side limiter (e.g. <NUM> in <FIG>) and a window position measurement mechanism (e.g. <NUM> in <FIG>).

The barrel pop-out mechanism includes parts shown in detail for example in <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG>. Specifically, the barrel pop-out mechanism may include one or more springs <NUM>, pop-out lens barrel <NUM> with pop-out lens assembly <NUM>, one or more springs <NUM> and a guiding and positioning mechanism (see e.g. <FIG> and description below). The one or more springs push optics module <NUM> towards frame <NUM>, i.e. when frame <NUM> moves upwards for switching from a collapsed state to a pop-out state, no further actuation mechanism within the optics module is required.

The guiding and positioning mechanism positions the lens groups and optical components in fixed distance and orientation. In an example, the guiding and positioning mechanism comprises a pin <NUM> and a groove <NUM> (see <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG>). In some examples, the guiding and positioning mechanism may include a stopper <NUM> (see <FIG>), a kinematic coupling mechanism (see <FIG>) or a magnet-yoke assembly (see <FIG>). In some examples, the guiding and positioning mechanism works by means of an interplay between an optics module and another component of a camera such as camera <NUM> (see e.g. <FIG> and <FIG>). Pin <NUM> and groove <NUM> provide a first example of a pin-groove assembly. Groove <NUM> may comprise a v-shaped groove or another groove, with groove <NUM> having legs at an angle of e.g. <NUM>-<NUM> degrees. Other pin-groove assemblies are described below. In some examples, the guiding and positioning mechanism is included in an optics module in its entirety (see e.g. <FIG> and <FIG> and <FIG>).

The pin-groove assembly with pin <NUM> and groove <NUM> provides mechanical stability and repeatability in the X-Z plane and in the Y plane of the coordinate system shown. Stopper <NUM> provides mechanical stability and repeatability in Y plane. In some examples, other pins such as pins <NUM> (see <FIG> and <FIG>) may be used for providing mechanical stability and repeatability in the X-Z plane.

The lens, the image sensor and (optionally) an optical window or "filter" (e.g. IR filter) <NUM> form a pop-out optical lens system <NUM> (see e.g. <FIG>). The image sensor may have a sensor diagonal SD in the range <NUM>-<NUM>. For a lens having an EFL of <NUM> to <NUM>, this typically represents a 35eqFL in the range <NUM>-<NUM>. Sensor diagonal SD connects to a sensor width W and a height H via SD = √(W<NUM>+H<NUM>). In other examples EFL may be <NUM> to <NUM>.

To switch between pop-out and collapsed states, pop-out mechanism <NUM> causes the following movements in frame <NUM> (where all movements are defined relative to the host device and the coordinate systems shown): a horizontal (i.e. in the X-Z plane) movement of the cam follower and a vertical (i.e. in the Y direction) movement of the window frame. The movement in frame <NUM> causes a vertical (Y direction) movement of the lens barrel (for a single group or "<NUM>" lens) or of a collapsible section of the lens barrel (in a two group or "<NUM>" lens) in optics module <NUM>. The image sensor and the side limiter do not move. Importantly, the barrel pop-out mechanism does not include an actuator.

In the pop-out state shown in <FIG>, camera <NUM> forms a significant pop-out bump <NUM> with respect to an exterior surface <NUM> of host device <NUM>. Here, "significant" may be for example <NUM>-<NUM>. In the pop-out state, camera <NUM> increases the height of host device <NUM> to a "height in a pop-out state".

The pop-out lens may be a Tele lens, for example as in <FIG> or <FIG> or <FIG>, or a Wide lens as in <FIG> or <FIG>. Depending on the type of lens, a pop-out camera operates as a pop-out Tele camera or as a pop-out Wide camera. A pop-out Tele camera may have a FOVT of <NUM>-<NUM> deg. A pop-out Wide camera may have a FOVw of <NUM>-<NUM> deg. The TTL of the lens, measured from the first surface of the first lens element in the lens to the image sensor may be for example <NUM> -<NUM>.

<FIG> shows a cross sectional view of frame <NUM> in the collapsed state. Actuator <NUM> brings the camera to a collapsed state by performing work against the spring. In the collapsed state, the spring is in a compressed state, see also <FIG>. To switch camera <NUM> to the collapsed state, actuator <NUM> moves window frame <NUM> to apply pressure on lens barrel <NUM>. This translates into a movement of lens barrel <NUM> towards the image sensor. In the collapsed state, the TTL is a collapsed TTL (cTTL) and may be for example <NUM>-<NUM>. cTTL is always measured between a first surface of lens element L1 on the image side (marked S2) and an imaging surface of the image sensor along the optical axis marked S16. The difference between cTTL and TTL stems from a modified BFL with respect to the pop-out state. Camera <NUM> is designed such that there is a large BFL in the operative state. This large BFL can be collapsed to bring the camera to a collapsed state, achieving a slim camera design. In the collapsed state, the camera forms a collapsed bump (c-bump) <NUM> with respect to device exterior surface <NUM>. The c-bump may have for example a size (height) of <NUM>-<NUM>. In the collapsed state, the height of host device <NUM> is a "height in the collapsed state" that is much smaller than the height in the pop-out state but still larger than the host device height by the c-bump <NUM>.

Camera <NUM> may be designed to support, in some examples, accuracy tolerances for decenter of e.g. ±<NUM> in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±<NUM> in the Y direction, as well as for a tilt of ±<NUM>°. The planes and directions are as in the coordinate systems shown in the figures. Repeatability tolerances for decenter may be e.g. ±<NUM> in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±<NUM> in the Y direction, as well as for a tilt of ±<NUM>°. In other examples, accuracy tolerances for decenter may be e.g. ±<NUM> in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±<NUM> in the Y direction, as well as e.g. ±<NUM>°. Repeatability tolerances for decenter may be e.g. ±<NUM> in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±<NUM> in the Y direction, as well as for a tilt of ±<NUM>°. In yet other examples, accuracy tolerances for decenter may be e.g. ±<NUM> in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±<NUM> in the Y direction, as well as e.g. ±<NUM>°. Repeatability tolerances for decenter may be e.g. ±<NUM> in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±<NUM> in the Y direction, as well as for a tilt of ±<NUM>°.

Similar accuracy tolerances and repeatability tolerances hold for optics frame <NUM> (see e.g. <FIG>) and optics module <NUM>" (see e.g. <FIG>).

"Accuracy tolerances" refer here to a maximum variation of the distances between optical elements and between mechanical elements. "Repeatability tolerances" refer here to a maximum variation of the distances between optical elements and between mechanical elements in different pop-out cycles, i.e. the capability of the mechanical and optical elements to return to their prior positions after one or many pop-out (or collapse) events.

Tolerances in the Y direction may be less important, as variations in Y can be compensated by optical feedback and moving the lens for auto-focus.

<FIG> shows in cross section optics module <NUM> in the pop-out state. <FIG> shows optics module <NUM> in the same state in perspective. The diameter of the smallest circle that entirely surrounds the optics module defines a "largest diameter" "dmodule" of the optics module. That is "dmodule" marks the largest diagonal of an optics module (here and in e.g. <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG>, <FIG> and <FIG>) except when stated otherwise (e.g. as re.

<FIG> shows details of a first exemplary lens system <NUM> that can be used in camera <NUM> in a pop-out state. Lens system <NUM> comprises a lens <NUM> that includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element L1 with object-side surface S2 and image-side surface S3; a second lens element L2 with object-side surface S4, with an image side surface marked S5; a third lens element L3 with object-side surface S6 with image-side surface S7; a fourth lens element L4 object-side surface marked S8 and an image-side surface marked S9; a fifth lens element L5 with object-side surface marked S10 and an image-side surface marked S11; and a sixth lens element L6 with object-side surface marked S12 and an image-side surface marked S13. S1 marks a stop. Lens system <NUM> further comprises optical window <NUM> disposed between surface S13 and image sensor <NUM>. Distances between lens elements and other elements are given in tables below along an optical axis of the lens and lens system.

In lens system <NUM>, TTL = <NUM>, BFL = <NUM>, EFL=<NUM>, F number =<NUM> and the FOV = <NUM> deg. A ratio of TTL/EFL = <NUM>. The optical properties of lens <NUM> do not change when switching between a pop-out state and a collapsed state (i. gaps between lens elements are constant).

In the collapsed state (see <FIG>), cTTL may be <NUM>-<NUM>. The difference between cTTL and TTL stems from a modified BFL which is now a collapsed BFL, "c-BFL" (see <FIG>). c-BFL may be <NUM>-<NUM>. All distances between lens elements L1-L6 and lens surfaces S2-S13 remain unchanged.

Detailed optical data of lens system <NUM> is given in Table <NUM>, and the aspheric surface data is given in Table <NUM> and Table <NUM>, wherein the units of the radius of curvature (R), lens element thickness and/or distances between elements along the optical axis and diameter are expressed in mm. "Index" is the refraction index. The equation of the aspheric surface profiles is expressed by: <MAT> <MAT> <MAT> <MAT> <MAT> <MAT> <MAT> where {z, r} are the standard cylindrical polar coordinates, c=<NUM>/R is the paraxial curvature of the surface, k is the conic parameter, and rnorm is generally one half of the surface's clear aperture. An are the polynomial coefficients shown in lens data Table <NUM> and Table <NUM> (as well as in Table <NUM> and Table <NUM>, and in Table <NUM> and Table <NUM>). The Z-axis is defined to be positive towards the image. Also note that in Table <NUM> (as well as in Table <NUM> and Table <NUM>), the distances between various elements (and/or surfaces) refer to the element thickness and are measured on the optical axis Z, wherein the stop is at z = <NUM>. Each number is measured from the previous surface. Thus, the first distance -<NUM> is measured from the stop to surface S2. The reference wavelength is <NUM>. Units are in mm (except for refraction index "Index" and Abbe #). The largest lens diameter dL of a lens such as lens <NUM> is given by the largest diameter present among all the lens elements of a lens such as lens <NUM>.

<FIG> shows a pop-out optics module <NUM> in a collapsed state in a cross sectional view. <FIG> shows a perspective view of the same.

<FIG> shows a cross sectional view (through cross section marked 6A-6A in <FIG>) of another example numbered <NUM> of a pop-out optics module in a pop-out state. Optics module <NUM> may be integrated into a pop-out mechanism such as <NUM> (not shown here). Optics module <NUM> includes a lens barrel <NUM> with a collapsible lens barrel section (first barrel section) <NUM> carrying a first lens group <NUM>, and a fixed lens barrel section (second barrel section) <NUM> carrying a second lens group <NUM>. The two lens groups form a lens <NUM> that includes altogether N lens elements L1-LN, arranged with a first lens element L1 on an object side and a last lens element LN on an image side. Optics module <NUM> is covered by cover <NUM>. Lens <NUM>, and optional optical window <NUM> and an image sensor <NUM> form a lens system <NUM>.

Exemplarily and as shown, in lens <NUM> N=<NUM>. In general, N ≥ <NUM>. In other examples, the lens barrel may comprise more than two barrel sections with more lens groups each, e.g. <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> lens barrel sections with each barrel section carrying a lens group. The lens barrel sections may be divided into fixed barrel sections and movable barrel sections. In the example shown, first lens group <NUM> includes lenses L1-L5 and second lens group <NUM> includes lens L6. Air-gaps may be formed between lens groups according to their relative movement. In examples with more than two barrel sections, some or all barrel sections may be movable and have respective air-gaps formed between the lens groups. The air-gaps between lens groups may collapse in a non-operative camera state. The sum of such air-gaps may be <NUM>-<NUM>. The largest air-gaps present between two consecutive lens elements may be used to define lens groups. For example, the largest air-gap present between two consecutive lens elements may be used to divide a lens into two lens groups, the largest air-gap and the second largest air-gap present between two consecutive lens elements may be used to define three lens groups, etc. This statement is true for all lens and camera examples below. In the pop-out state, air-gap dN-<NUM> may be <NUM>-<NUM>. A spring <NUM> pushes the first lens barrel section <NUM> towards a window frame like frame <NUM>. In the operative state, stopper <NUM> and another stopper <NUM>' may act as a stopper mechanism that keeps the lens groups in fixed distance and orientation. In some examples, an camera in pop-out state disclosed herein may be designed to support tolerances for decenter of e.g. ±<NUM> in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±<NUM> in the Y direction, as well as for a tilt of ±<NUM>° of the lens barrel with respect to image sensor <NUM>. In other examples tolerances for decenter may be e.g. ±<NUM>-<NUM> in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±<NUM>-<NUM> in the Y direction, as well as e.g. ±<NUM>°-<NUM>° for a tilt of lens barrel with respect to the image sensor Y. In yet other examples, tolerances for decenter may be smaller than <NUM> in the X-Z plane, e.g. <NUM>. In yet other examples, tolerances for decenter in a Y plane may be smaller than <NUM>, e.g. <NUM>, to support the properties of a lens system like system <NUM>, <NUM> or <NUM>, especially for air-gaps between lens elements such as dN-<NUM> (see <FIG>) or d<NUM> (see <FIG>). In some examples, pins such as pins <NUM> (see <FIG> and <FIG>) may be used for providing mechanical stability and repeatability in X-Z plane.

The TTL of the lens, measured from the first (object side) surface of L1 to the image sensor may be <NUM>-<NUM>. The image sensor diagonal may be <NUM> < sensor diagonal < <NUM>. The 35eqFL may be <NUM> < equivalent focal length < <NUM>. The TTL/EFL ratio may vary in the range <NUM> < TTL/EFL < <NUM>.

<FIG> shows a cross sectional view (through cross section marked 6B-6B in <FIG>) of optics module <NUM> in a collapsed state. To switch optics module <NUM> to the collapsed state, actuator <NUM> decreases the air-gap between the first surface of LN and the second surface of LN-<NUM> by moving the window frame (not shown here) to apply pressure to the lens barrel that translates into a movement of the collapsible lens barrel section towards the image sensor. In the collapsed state, cTTL may be <NUM>-<NUM>, and collapsed air-gap c-dN-<NUM> may be <NUM>-<NUM>. The difference between cTTL and TTL stems from a modified distance between the first lens group <NUM> in first collapsible lens barrel section <NUM> and second lens group <NUM> in second fixed lens barrel section <NUM>. The distance between first lens group <NUM> and the image sensor changed with respect to the pop-out state, but the distance between second lens group <NUM> and the image sensor did not change. The optical properties of lens <NUM> change when switching between a pop-out state and a collapsed state.

<FIG> shows an example of another lens system <NUM> that may be used in optics module <NUM> or another pop-out optics module <NUM>' below. Lens system <NUM> is shown in a pop-out state. The design data is given in Tables <NUM>-<NUM>. Lens system <NUM> includes a lens <NUM>' with seven lens elements L1-L7 arranged as shown, optical window <NUM> and image sensor <NUM>. Lens elements L1-L6 form the first lens group <NUM>, and lens element L7 forms the second lens group <NUM>. The TTL is <NUM> and the BFL is <NUM>. Focal length is EFL=<NUM>, F number =<NUM> and the FOV = <NUM> deg. Air-gap dN-<NUM> is <NUM>.

In the collapsed state (see <FIG> or <FIG>), cTTL may be <NUM>-<NUM>. The difference between cTTL and TTL stems from a modified air-gap between L6 and L7, which is a collapsed air-gap c-dN-<NUM> and which may be <NUM>-<NUM>. The BFL did not change with respect to the pop-out state.

The optical properties of lens <NUM>' change when switching between a pop-out state and the collapsed state. The optical properties presented here refer to the lens elements in a "maximal" pop-out state, i.e. when the lens has the largest TTL.

<FIG> shows an example of yet another lens system <NUM> that may be used in optics module <NUM> or <NUM>'. Lens system <NUM>' is shown in a pop-out state. The design data is given in Tables <NUM>-<NUM>. Lens system <NUM> includes a lens <NUM>" with six lens elements L1-L6 arranged as shown, optical window <NUM> and image sensor <NUM>. Lens elements L1-L3 form the first lens group <NUM>, and lens elements L4-L6 form the second lens group <NUM>. The TTL is <NUM> and the BFL is <NUM>. Focal length is EFL=<NUM>, F number =<NUM> and the FOV = <NUM> deg. Air-gap d<NUM> is <NUM>. A ratio of TTL/EFL = <NUM>.

In the collapsed state (see <FIG>), cTTL may be <NUM>-<NUM>. The difference between cTTL and TTL stems from a modified air-gap between L3 and L4, which is a collapsed air-gap c-d<NUM> and which may be <NUM>-<NUM> and a modified BFL which is a c-BFL and may be <NUM>-<NUM>. The optical properties of lens <NUM>" change when switching between a pop-out state and the collapsed state. For lens system <NUM>, a ratio TTL/EFL is <NUM>, i.e. EFL > TTL. The ratio cTTL/EFL may be <NUM>-<NUM>.

<FIG> shows a perspective view of optics module <NUM> in a pop-out state. <FIG> shows a perspective view of optics module <NUM> in a collapsed state.

<FIG> shows a perspective view of actuator <NUM> in a pop-out state. <FIG> shows a perspective view of actuator <NUM> in a collapsed state. Cross sections 2B-2B and 2D-2D refer to respectively <FIG> and <FIG>. Actuator <NUM> comprises a pop-out actuator <NUM> with moving parts for actuation. A pop-out actuator - window frame coupling <NUM> with a switch <NUM> translates the pop-out actuation to a movement of the window frame. Switch <NUM> couples actuator <NUM> with window frame <NUM>. As indicated above, the window frame movement is used to switch the camera to the collapsed state. In <FIG>, switch <NUM> is "down" to provide the pop-out state. In <FIG>, switch <NUM> is "up" to provide the collapsed state.

<FIG> shows another lens system numbered <NUM> that can be included in a pop-out Tele camera in a maximal pop-out state. Lens system <NUM> includes a lens <NUM> with five lens elements as shown, optical window <NUM> and image sensor <NUM>. The Tele pop-out camera with lens system <NUM> may be incorporated in a host device (e.g. a smartphone, tablet, etc., not shown here). Similar to the shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, in lens system <NUM> switching between the pop-out and the collapsed states is obtained by modifying an air-gap d1006 between a first lens group <NUM> and a second lens group <NUM>.

In lens system <NUM>, a first lens group <NUM> includes lens elements <NUM>, <NUM> and <NUM> and a second lens group <NUM> includes lens elements <NUM> and <NUM>. In the pop-out state, air-gap d1006 between surface 1008a of lens element <NUM> and surface 1006b of the immediately preceding lens element <NUM> is <NUM> (see Table <NUM>). The TTL of the lens system is <NUM>. The division into a first lens group and a second lens group is done according to the largest air-gap between two consecutive lens elements.

Lens system <NUM> may provide a FOV of <NUM>-<NUM> degrees, and EFL = <NUM>, a F number = <NUM> and a TTL = <NUM>. The ratio TTL/EFL is <NUM>, i.e. EFL > TTL. The ratio cTTL/EFL may be <NUM>-<NUM>. For air-gap d1006 = TTL/<NUM>, so d1006 > TTL/<NUM>. In other examples, for a largest air-gap that divides the lens elements into first and a second lens groups the air-gap may fulfill air-gap >TTL/<NUM> and EFL > TTL.

The optical properties of lens system <NUM> change when switching to the collapsed state (not shown). In the collapsed state, cTTL may be <NUM>-<NUM> and collapsed air-gap c-d1006 may be <NUM>-<NUM>. The difference between cTTL and TTL stems from a modified distance between first lens group <NUM> and second lens group <NUM>. The distance between first lens group <NUM> and image sensor <NUM> changed with respect to the pop-out state, but distance between second lens group <NUM> and the image sensor <NUM> did not change.

In lens system <NUM>, all lens element surfaces are aspheric. Detailed optical data is given in Table <NUM>, and the aspheric surface data is given in Table <NUM>, wherein the units of the radius of curvature (R), lens element thickness and/or distances between elements along the optical axis and diameter are expressed in mm. "Nd" is the refraction index. The equation of the aspheric surface profiles is expressed by: <MAT> where r is distance from (and perpendicular to) the optical axis, k is the conic coefficient, c = <NUM>/R where R is the radius of curvature, and α are coefficients given in Table <NUM>. In the equation above as applied to examples of a lens assembly disclosed herein, coefficients α<NUM> and α<NUM> are zero. Note that the maximum value of r "max r" = Diameter/<NUM>. Also note that Table <NUM> the distances between various elements (and/or surfaces) are marked "Lmn" (where m refers to the lens element number, n =<NUM> refers to the element thickness and n = <NUM> refers to the air-gap to the next element) and are measured on the optical axis z, wherein the stop is at z = <NUM>. Each number is measured from the previous surface. Thus, the first distance -<NUM> is measured from the stop to surface 1002a, the distance L11 from surface 1002a to surface 1002b (i.e. the thickness of first lens element <NUM>) is <NUM>, the gap L12 between surfaces 1002b and 1004a is <NUM>, the distance L21 between surfaces 1004a and 1004b (i.e. thickness d2 of second lens element <NUM>) is <NUM>, etc. Also, L21 = d<NUM> and L51 = d<NUM>.

Advantageously, the Abbe number of the first, third and fifth lens element is <NUM>. Advantageously, the first air-gap between lens elements <NUM> and <NUM> (the gap between surfaces 1002b and 1004a) has a thickness (<NUM>) which is less than a tenth of thickness d<NUM> (<NUM>). Advantageously, the Abbe number of the second and fourth lens elements is <NUM>. Advantageously, the third air-gap between lens elements <NUM> and <NUM> has a thickness (<NUM>) greater than TTL/<NUM> (<NUM>/<NUM>). Advantageously, the fourth air-gap between lens elements <NUM> and <NUM> has a thickness (<NUM>) which is smaller than ds/<NUM> (<NUM>/<NUM>).

The focal length (in mm) of each lens element in lens system <NUM> is as follows: f1 = <NUM>, f2 = -<NUM>, f3 = -<NUM>, f4 = <NUM> and f5 = -<NUM>. The condition <NUM>. 2x|f3| > |f2| < <NUM>. 5xf1 is clearly satisfied, as <NUM>. <NUM> > <NUM> > <NUM>. f1 also fulfills the condition f1 < TTL/<NUM>, as <NUM> < <NUM>.

<FIG> shows an example of a host device <NUM> such as a smartphone with a dual-camera comprising a regular (non pop-up) folded Tele camera <NUM> and a Wide pop-out camera <NUM>. The Wide camera <NUM> is in an operative pop-out state and extends the device's exterior surface <NUM>. Bump <NUM> is visible. A large image sensor such as <NUM> (not visible here) and a pop-out frame such as frame <NUM> (not fully visible here) required for switching between a collapsed and a pop-out camera state define a minimum area of the device's exterior surface <NUM> that is covered by the pop-out camera (in X-Z). The minimum pop-out camera area may be larger than that of folded Tele cameras or that of regular (i.e. non pop-out) upright Wide cameras that are typically included in a device.

<FIG> shows details of folded Tele camera <NUM> and the upright Wide camera <NUM> in a pop out state. The folded Tele camera comprises a prism <NUM> and a folded Tele lens and sensor module <NUM>. In <FIG> and <FIG> only prism <NUM> is visible.

<FIG> shows host device <NUM> with Wide camera <NUM> in a collapsed state, illustrating the small height of the c-bump.

<FIG> shows details of the folded Tele camera and the upright Wide camera in a collapsed state.

<FIG> shows another example of a host device <NUM> such as a smartphone with a dual-camera comprising a Tele pop-out camera <NUM> as disclosed herein and a Wide pop-out camera <NUM> in an operative pop-out state. Pop-out bump <NUM> is visible. A pop-out mechanism cover <NUM> covers both the Tele and the Wide camera. A frame like <NUM> (not shown) switches the Tele and the Wide camera between a pop-out state and a collapsed state together and simultaneously. Pins <NUM> may provide mechanical stability and repeatability in the X-Z plane. In some examples, <NUM> pins may be included. In other examples, <NUM> or more pins may be used.

<FIG> shows details of upright Tele camera <NUM> and upright Wide camera <NUM>, with both cameras in the pop-out state.

<FIG> shows host device <NUM> with the cameras in a collapsed state. A c-bump <NUM> is shown. 12E shows details of upright Tele camera <NUM> and upright Wide camera <NUM>, with both cameras in the collapsed state.

<FIG> shows yet another example of a lens system numbered <NUM> comprising a lens <NUM> including seven lens elements L1-L7, optionally optical window <NUM>, and an image sensor <NUM>. Here, image sensor <NUM> is a curved image sensor, meaning that its light collecting surface is curved with a radius of curvature R = -<NUM> wherein the "-" sign refers to a curvature with center at the object side of the image sensor. Use of a curved image sensor may be beneficial as undesired effects such as field curvature and shading toward the sensor edges may be less than for a planar image sensor. Lens system <NUM> may be used in a camera such camera <NUM> in a pop-out state. The design data is given in Tables <NUM>-<NUM>.

In lens system <NUM>, TTL = <NUM>, BFL = <NUM>, EFL=<NUM>, F number =<NUM>. <NUM> and the FOV = <NUM> deg.

In the collapsed state (see <FIG>), cTTL may be <NUM>-<NUM>. The difference between cTTL and TTL stems from a modified BFL which is now a collapsed "c-BFL" (see <FIG>). c-BFL may be <NUM>-<NUM>. The optical properties of lens <NUM> do not change when switching between a pop-out state and a collapsed state (i. all distances between the lens elements L1-L7 and the lens surfaces S2-S15 did not change).

In other examples, optical window <NUM> may be curved. A radius of curvature RW of the optical window may be of same sign as the radius of curvature R of curved image sensor <NUM> (i.e. with a center at the object side of the optical window) and may be curved in a similar way, so RW may e.g. be RW = -<NUM> to -<NUM>. In another example may be RW = R, with R being radius of curvature of the curved image sensor. This may allow for a smaller cTTL. cTTL may be <NUM>-<NUM> and c-BFL may be <NUM>-<NUM>.

<FIG> shows in cross sectional view another example numbered <NUM> of a pop-out camera disclosed herein in a pop-out state and incorporated in a "host" device <NUM> (e.g. a smartphone, tablet, etc.). Camera <NUM> comprises a pop-out frame <NUM>' and an optics module <NUM>' that includes a lens <NUM>. As shown in <FIG>, frame <NUM>' comprises a window frame <NUM>', a cam follower <NUM> and a side limiter <NUM>. Cam follower <NUM> is coupled via springs <NUM> to a pop-out actuator <NUM>. Optics module <NUM>' includes a lens barrel <NUM> with a collapsible lens barrel section (first barrel section) <NUM> carrying a first lens group <NUM>, and a fixed lens barrel section (second barrel section) <NUM> carrying a second lens group <NUM>. The two lens groups form a lens <NUM> that includes altogether N lens elements L1-LN, arranged with a first lens element L1 on an object side and a last lens element LN on an image side. Lens <NUM>, an optional optical window <NUM> and image sensor <NUM> form a lens system <NUM>.

Camera <NUM> comprises an external module seal <NUM> and an internal module seal <NUM>. External seal <NUM> prevents particles and fluids from entering device <NUM>. Seal <NUM> may support a IP68 class ranking of device <NUM>. Internal seal <NUM> prevents particles from entering optics module <NUM>'.

"External" and "internal" refer to the fact that seal <NUM> prevents contamination of the camera from outside the host device, while seal <NUM> prevents contamination of the camera from inside the host device.

Optics module <NUM>' and window frame <NUM> form an air-gap <NUM>' between the lens barrel and window <NUM>, which may be for example <NUM>-<NUM>. Air-gap <NUM>' allows for a movement of the lens barrel by <NUM>-<NUM> for performing auto-focus (AF) and optical image stabilization (OIS) by moving lens <NUM> or parts of lens <NUM> or optics module <NUM>' or sensor <NUM> as known in the art.

Camera <NUM> forms a significant pop-out bump <NUM> with respect to an exterior surface <NUM> of device <NUM>. Here, "significant" may be for example <NUM>-<NUM>. In the pop-out state, camera <NUM> increases the height of host device <NUM> to a height in a pop-out state.

Lens <NUM> may have N ≥ <NUM> lens elements, and, as mentioned, comprises a barrel with two lens barrel sections. In other examples, the lens barrel may comprise more than two barrel sections with more lens groups, e.g. <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> lens barrel sections with each barrel section carrying a lens group. The lens barrel sections may be divided into fixed barrel sections and movable barrel sections. In the example shown, first lens group <NUM> includes lenses L1 - LN-<NUM> and second lens group <NUM> includes lens LN (see <FIG>). Air-gaps may be formed between lens groups according to their relative movement. In examples with more than two barrel sections, some or all barrel sections may be movable and have respective air-gaps formed between the lens groups. The air-gaps between lens groups may collapse in a non-operative camera state. The sum of such air-gaps may be <NUM>-<NUM>. In the pop-out state, air-gap dN-<NUM> may be <NUM>-<NUM>. Three springs <NUM> (not all visible here) push first lens barrel section <NUM> towards a mechanical stop. The mechanical stop may be provided by a kinematic coupling mechanism as shown in <FIG> and <FIG>. In other examples and as shown in <FIG>, the mechanical stop may be provided by a top cover <NUM>'. In some examples, the camera in pop-out state may be designed to support tolerances for decenter of e.g. ±<NUM> in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±<NUM> in the Y direction, as well as a tilt of ±<NUM>° of the lens barrel with respect to image sensor <NUM>. In other examples, tolerances for decenter may be e.g. ±<NUM>-<NUM> in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±<NUM>-<NUM> in the Y direction, as well as e.g. ±<NUM>°-<NUM>° for a tilt of lens barrel with respect to the image sensor Y.

The TTL of the lens may be <NUM>-<NUM>. The image sensor diagonal may be <NUM> < sensor diagonal < <NUM>. The 35eqFL may be <NUM> < equivalent focal length < <NUM>. The TTL/EFL ratio may vary in the range <NUM> < TTL/EFL < <NUM>.

A window position measurement mechanism <NUM> shown in <FIG> comprises one or more magnets and one or more Hall sensors shown in <FIG>. The magnets are fixedly coupled to a cam follower <NUM>, and the Hall sensor(s) is (are) fixedly coupled to a side limiter <NUM>. Mechanism <NUM> senses the position of the cam follower relative to side limiter <NUM> and host device <NUM>. The camera is mechanically coupled to the host device and the side limiter is mechanically coupled to the camera.

<FIG> shows a perspective view of frame <NUM>' in a pop-out state. A pop-out camera such as <NUM> is formed when optics module <NUM>' is inserted into frame <NUM>'. Window frame <NUM>', cam follower <NUM> and side limiter <NUM> move with respect to each other. Window frame <NUM>' and cam follower <NUM> also move with respect to host device <NUM>, but side limiter <NUM> does not move with respect to host device <NUM>. Camera <NUM> is switched from a pop-out state to a collapsed state by moving window frame <NUM>' in a positive X direction with respect of host device <NUM> and side limiter <NUM>. Window frame <NUM>' is moved by actuator <NUM>' via cam follower <NUM>. The movement of cam follower <NUM> is substantially parallel to the X axis, and this movement is translated in a movement of window frame <NUM>' substantially parallel to the Y axis. This translation of movements in X direction and in Y direction is described in <FIG>. As for the movement along Y, window frame <NUM>' applies pressure to the lens barrel that translates into a movement of the collapsible lens barrel section towards the image sensor. Cam follower <NUM> is coupled via springs <NUM> to a pop-out actuator <NUM>. Actuator <NUM> moves cam follower <NUM> e.g. via a screw stepper motor or another actuation method. The movement is mediated by the springs <NUM>. Springs <NUM> may act as shock absorber for camera <NUM>. when host device <NUM> is dropped and hits another object, a large force may act on window frame <NUM>'. By means of springs <NUM>, this large force may be translated into a collapse of the pop-out camera, thereby mediating a large portion of the large force. Internal module seal <NUM> may act as an additional shock absorber.

<FIG> shows a cross sectional view of camera <NUM> in a collapsed ("c") or non-operative state. <FIG> shows a perspective view of frame <NUM>' in a collapsed state. To switch optics module <NUM>' to the collapsed state, actuator <NUM>' decreases air-gap dN-<NUM> by moving the window frame <NUM>' to apply pressure to the lens barrel that translates into a movement of the collapsible lens barrel section towards the image sensor. In the collapsed state, cTTL may be <NUM>-<NUM>. and collapsed air-gap c-dN-<NUM> may be <NUM>-<NUM>.

<FIG> shows the frame <NUM>' of example <NUM> in a cross sectional view via X-Y plane in a pop-out state. A switching pin <NUM> and a switching pin <NUM> are rigidly coupled to cam follower <NUM>. A side limiter pin <NUM> is fixedly coupled to side limiter <NUM> and slides within a vertically oriented limiter groove <NUM>. Switching pin <NUM> and <NUM> slide within switching grooves <NUM> and <NUM>. Switching pins <NUM> and <NUM> have a diamond shape which is superposed by a curvature having a large radius of curvature for minimizing contact stress acting between the pins and window frame <NUM>'. Side limiter pin <NUM> has a rectangular shape superposed by a curvature having a large radius of curvature for minimizing contact stress.

When cam follower <NUM> is moved in a negative X direction, the inclination of switching grooves <NUM> and <NUM> leads to a downward movement (in a negative Y direction) of window frame <NUM>'. This downward movement is used to switch the camera to the collapsed state. The downward movement is limited and guided by side limiter pin <NUM>. The inclination of switching grooves <NUM> and <NUM> may e.g. be between <NUM> - <NUM> degrees with respect to a vertical Y axis.

<FIG> shows the frame <NUM>' of <FIG> in a collapsed state. To switch the camera from the collapsed state to a pop-out state, cam follower <NUM> is moved in a positive X direction and the inclination of switching grooves <NUM> and <NUM> leads to an upward movement (in a positive Y direction) of window frame <NUM>'.

<FIG> shows a cross sectional view and <FIG> show a perspective view of optics module <NUM>' in a pop-out state. Module <NUM>' comprises an optics frame <NUM>, first collapsible lens barrel section <NUM> (lens elements not shown here), second fixed lens barrel section <NUM>, three springs <NUM> (not all visible here), a side cover <NUM>, a top cover <NUM> and three stoppers <NUM> (not all visible here). Each spring sits on one of three spring holders <NUM> (not all visible here). Optics frame <NUM> holds all components of optics module <NUM>' except the lens elements that are included in the first and the second lens barrel sections. Stoppers <NUM> are rigidly coupled to top cover <NUM> and ensure that the collapsible lens barrel section (<NUM>) is not in direct contact with window frame <NUM>.

A "penalty" p for a diameter of an optics module is defined as the difference between the diameter of the optics module and the largest diameter of a lens included in the optics module. For optics module <NUM>', dmodule is slightly larger than the largest diameter of lens <NUM>, represented by the diameter of LN. Therefore, for optics module <NUM>', penalty p is p = p<NUM> + p<NUM> and may be <NUM>-<NUM>.

<FIG> shows optics module <NUM>' in cross-section and <FIG> shows the module in perspective in a collapsed state. In the collapsed state, springs <NUM> are compressed.

<FIG> shows optics frame <NUM> in various positions and with various details of its components. <FIG> shows optics frame <NUM> in a pop-out state and <FIG> shows optics frame <NUM> in a collapsed state, both in a perspective view. Collapsible lens barrel section <NUM> is coupled to optics frame <NUM> via a "Maxwell kinematic coupling" mechanism. The Maxwell kinematic coupling mechanism comprises three v-groove/pin pairs <NUM> that act as a guiding and positioning mechanism that ensures that collapsible lens barrel section <NUM> is kept in a fixed position relative to the other optical elements such as image sensor <NUM> with high accuracy. Each v-groove/pin pair <NUM> is identical and includes a hemispherical pin <NUM> and a v-groove <NUM>. More details of a v-groove/pin pair <NUM> are given in <FIG> (for the pop-out state) and <FIG> (for the collapsed state). In other examples, the pins may be round or diamond-shaped or canoe-shaped. The v-grooves shown in <FIG> have an angle of about <NUM> degrees. In other examples, the angle of the v-grooves may vary between <NUM> to <NUM> degrees.

Pairs <NUM> are distributed at equal distance from each other. By means of the three v-groove/pin pairs <NUM>, optics frame <NUM> supports narrow tolerances in terms of accuracy as well as repeatability for decenter in X-Z and Y as well as for tilt. Here and in the description of <FIG>, "tolerances" refer to tolerances between collapsible lens barrel section <NUM> the fixed lens barrel section <NUM>.

Optics frame <NUM> as well as optics module <NUM>" below may be designed to support accuracy tolerances for decenter and reliability tolerances like those of camera <NUM>.

<FIG> shows optics frame <NUM> in a top view. <FIG> shows optics frame <NUM> in an exploded view showing the single parts that <NUM> may be assembled from. Three spring holders <NUM> keep the three respective springs <NUM> in a fixed position. One may assemble optics frame <NUM> from the bottom to the top. One may start an assembly process with inserting LN into fixed lens barrel section <NUM>, then insert springs <NUM> into spring holders <NUM>, then put top cover <NUM>, then put side cover <NUM> and then insert the collapsible lens barrel <NUM> on top. In some examples such as shown in <FIG> and <FIG>, a lens such as lens <NUM> may be included in an optics frame such as <NUM>. Lens <NUM> includes a single group of lens elements only and may be included entirely in a collapsible lens barrel such as <NUM>. In some examples, collapsible lens barrel <NUM> and top cover <NUM> may be one single unit.

<FIG> show (in perspective and cross section respectively) another optics module numbered <NUM>". Optics module numbered <NUM>" comprises a guiding and positioning mechanism for keeping collapsible lens barrel section <NUM> in a fixed position with high accuracy. The guiding and positioning mechanism is based on a yoke-magnet pair. A yoke <NUM> is fixedly coupled to top cover <NUM>', and a permanent magnet <NUM> is fixedly coupled to the side cover <NUM>'. Through the use of yoke <NUM> and magnet <NUM>, top cover <NUM> and the side cover <NUM> are attracted to each other, keeping a constant distance and orientation to each other. Optics module <NUM>' thus supports narrow tolerances in terms of accuracy as well as repeatability for decenter in X-Z and Y and for tilt.

<FIG> shows optics module <NUM>" in a pop-out state in a cross-sectional view. A side cover <NUM>' acts also as a second and fixed lens barrel section carrying a second group of lens elements, i.e. no additional component acting as second lens barrel section is required. <FIG> shows optics module <NUM>" in a collapsed state in a cross-sectional view.

<FIG> shows a perspective view and <FIG> shows a top view of top cover <NUM>' and magnet <NUM>.

<FIG> shows a side view and <FIG> shows a perspective view of a magnet part of window position measurement mechanism <NUM> in a collapsed state. Two side magnets 2102a and 2102b are located on both sides of an inner (auxiliary) magnet <NUM>. All magnets are fixedly coupled to cam follower <NUM>. Magnets 2102a, 2102b and <NUM> create a magnetic field that is sensed by Hall sensor <NUM>. Hall sensor <NUM> is fixedly coupled to side limiter <NUM> (not shown here). The magnetic field sensed by Hall sensor <NUM> depends on the relative position of cam follower <NUM> and side limiter <NUM>. That is, mechanism <NUM> allows sensing of the relative position of cam follower <NUM> and side limiter <NUM> continuously along a stroke that may be in a range <NUM>-<NUM>.

<FIG> shows a side view of magnets 2102a, 2102b, <NUM> and Hall sensor <NUM>, with camera <NUM> shown in a collapsed state. <FIG> shows a side view of magnets 2102a, 2102b, <NUM> and Hall sensor <NUM>, with camera <NUM> shown in a pop-out state. The stroke extends between the extreme positions shown here, i.e. between the collapsed state and the pop-out state. In some examples, mechanism <NUM> may measure the relative position of <NUM> and <NUM> with the same accuracy along the entire stroke. In other examples and beneficially, mechanism <NUM> may measure the relative position of <NUM> and <NUM> with a higher accuracy close to the extreme positions shown here, and with a lower accuracy in other positions.

<FIG> shows an example of (a) a design and (b) the magnetic field of mechanism <NUM>, with magnetization of magnets 2102a, 2102b and <NUM> shown.

<FIG> shows an example of a magnet configuration <NUM> that may be included in a position measurement mechanism such as <NUM>. A configuration of magnets 2102a, 2102b and <NUM> is shown in (a), and magnetic flux density versus a position X as created by the magnet configuration of (a) is shown in (b). A large and substantially identical slope ΔBlΔX may be achieved along a linear range. The linear range of <NUM> may extend between <NUM>-<NUM>.

<FIG> shows another example of a magnet configuration <NUM> that may be included in a position measurement mechanism such as <NUM>. A configuration of magnets 2102a, 2102b and <NUM> is shown in (a), and magnetic flux density versus a position X as created by the magnet configuration of (a) is shown in (b). The linear range is divided into three sub-ranges A1, B and A2. In the sub-ranges A1 and A2, slope ΔB/ΔX is larger than the slope in sub-range B. For example, a slope in the sub-ranges A1 and A2, ΔB/ΔX(A), may be <NUM> times, <NUM> times or <NUM> times larger than a slope in the sub-range B, ΔB/ΔX(B). For example, ΔB/ΔX(A) ~ 500mT/mm, and ΔB/ΔX(B) ~ 50mT/mm, so that a ratio of [ΔB/ΔX(A)]/[ΔB/ΔX(B)]=<NUM>. The division in of the linear range in sub ranges with different slopes may be beneficial for a position measurement mechanism such as <NUM>, as a higher accuracy may be required in the extreme regions close to the positions of the pop-out state and the collapsed state.

In summary, disclosed herein are digital cameras with a pop-out mechanisms that allow for large EFLs and large image sensor sizes and low camera heights in a collapsed mode.

While this disclosure has been described in terms of certain examples and generally associated methods, alterations and permutations of the examples and methods will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The disclosure is to be understood as not limited by the specific examples described herein, but only by the scope of the appended claims.

It is appreciated that certain features of the presently disclosed subject matter, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate examples, may also be provided in combination in a single example. Conversely, various features of the presently disclosed subject matter, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single example, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination.

Furthermore, for the sake of clarity the term "substantially" is used herein to imply the possibility of variations in values within an acceptable range. According to one example, the term "substantially" used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to <NUM>% over or under any specified value. According to another example, the term "substantially" used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to <NUM>% over or under any specified value. According to a further example, the term "substantially" used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to <NUM>% over or under any specified value.

Claim 1:
A camera (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>), comprising:
an optics module (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>') comprising a lens assembly (<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>', <NUM>, <NUM>) that includes N lens elements L<NUM>-LN starting with L<NUM> on an object side, wherein N ≥ <NUM> and wherein the lens assembly has a back focal length BFL;
a pop-out mechanism (<NUM>) configured to actuate the lens assembly to an operative pop-out state and to a collapsed state, wherein the lens assembly has a total track length TTL in the operative pop-out state and a collapsed total track length cTTL in the collapsed state, and wherein the pop-out mechanism is configured to control the BFL such that cTTL/EFL < <NUM>, wherein, in the operative pop-out state, the BFL is larger than any air-gap between lens elements and the lens assembly has an effective focal length EFL in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>, and
an image sensor (<NUM>) having sensor diagonal SD.