Patent Description:
The demand on engine lubricants has become more severe to cope with modern engine designs which have stronger anti-oxidation requirements. This has forced additive companies to develop robust engine oils with stronger antioxidant capabilities.

Engine oil is usually blended with various additives in order to satisfy various performance requirements. One well known way to increase fuel economy is to decrease the viscosity of the lubricating oil. Most internal combustion engine oils, which demonstrate excellent fuel economy performance, are usually formulated to be low viscosity oils with a viscosity index improver (VII) to reduce fluid friction from viscosity resistance under low temperature. In order to improve fuel efficiency, many original equipment manufacturers (OEM's) are looking at shifting to downsized turbo diesel (DE) and gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines for the improvement of fuel efficiency. The drawback to the move to lower viscosity oils with higher VII is an increase in oxidation and the formation of deposits. These are mainly derived from the partially burned fuel and fuel soot which, along with the engine oil, can adhere to the piston top, piston ring, as well as the engine combustion chamber surfaces.

Oxidation of engine oils negatively impacts the performance of the lubricating oils and result in reducing the performance life of the engine oil and damage to metal surfaces of the engine. Thus, reducing oxidation in lubricating engine oils is needed.

<CIT> discloses a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine, comprising: an organic molybdenum compound as a component (A); a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of <NUM><NUM> Is or more as a component (B); and a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of less than <NUM><NUM> Is as a component (C), wherein the composition has a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of <NUM><NUM> Is to <NUM><NUM> Is and a phosphorus content of <NUM> ppm or less.

In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a lubricating oil composition which comprises:.

wherein base oil (A) is derived at least in part from a C<NUM> olefin and further wherein base oil A has a weight average molecular weight of from about <NUM>/mol to about <NUM>/mol.

In accordance with a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method comprising lubricating an engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising:.

In accordance with a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of a lubricating oil composition according in an internal combustion engine for reducing piston deposits, wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises:.

In accordance with a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a lubricating oil composition which comprises:.

wherein base oil (A) is derived at least in part from a C<NUM> olefin and wherein base oil A has a molecular weight of from <NUM>/mol to <NUM>,<NUM>/mol.

In accordance with a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method comprising lubricating an engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising:.

In accordance with a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of a lubricating oil composition according in an internal combustion engine for reducing piston deposits, wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises:.

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent "about," it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment.

As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings, unless expressly stated to the contrary. In this specification, the following words and expressions, if and when used, have the meanings given below.

A "major amount" means in excess of <NUM> weight % of a composition.

A "minor amount" means less than <NUM> weight % of a composition, expressed in respect of the stated additive and in respect of the total mass of all the additives present in the composition, reckoned as active ingredient of the additive or additives.

"Active ingredients" or "actives" or "oil free" refers to additive material that is not diluent or solvent.

All percentages reported are weight % on an active ingredient basis (i.e., without regard to carrier or diluent oil) unless otherwise stated.

The abbreviation "ppm" means parts per million by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

Total base number (TBN) was determined in accordance with ASTM D2896.

Metal - The term "metal" refers to alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or mixtures thereof.

High temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity at <NUM> was determined in accordance with ASTM D4863.

Kinematic viscosity at <NUM> (KV<NUM>) was determined in accordance with ASTM D445.

Cold Cranking Simulator (CCS) viscosity at -<NUM> was determined in accordance with ASTM D5293.

All ASTM standards referred to herein are the most current versions as of the filing date of the present application.

In one illustrative embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a lubricating oil composition comprising:.

In another illustrative embodiment, the present disclosure is further directed to a lubricating oil composition comprising:.

Base oil (A) for use in one aspect of an above-mentioned lubricating oil composition comprises one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> centistokes (cSt) to about <NUM> cSt. In one aspect, the one or more PAO base oils have a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of about <NUM> cSt or greater, for example, about <NUM> or greater, about <NUM> or greater, or about <NUM> or greater. In some aspects, the one or more PAO base oils have a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or about <NUM> to about <NUM> cSt.

In one aspect, base oil A comprising the one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> cSt to about <NUM> cSt can have a weight average molecular weight of from about <NUM>/mol to about <NUM>/mol. In other aspects, base oil A comprising the one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> cSt to about <NUM> cSt can have a weight average molecular weight of from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or about <NUM> to about <NUM>/mol.

In one aspect, base oil A comprising the one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> cSt to about <NUM> cSt can have a number average molecular number (Mn) of from about <NUM> to about <NUM>. In other aspects, base oil A comprising the one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> cSt to about <NUM> cSt can have a number average molecular number (Mn) of from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

Base oil (A) for use in another aspect of an above-mentioned lubricating oil composition comprises one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> cSt to about <NUM> cSt. In one aspect, the one or more PAO base oils have a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of more than about <NUM> cSt, for example, more than about <NUM>, more than about <NUM>, more than about <NUM>, or more than about <NUM> cSt. In other aspects, the one or more PAO base oils have a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> to about <NUM> cSt. In other aspects, the one or more PAO base oils have a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> to about <NUM>. In other aspects, the one or more PAO base oils have a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> to about <NUM> cSt. In other aspects, the one or more PAO base oils have a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> to about <NUM> cSt.

In one aspect, base oil A comprising the one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> cSt to about <NUM> cSt can have a weight average molecular weight of from about <NUM>/mol to about <NUM>,<NUM>/mol. In another aspect, base oil A comprising the one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> cSt to about <NUM> cSt can have a weight average molecular weight of from about <NUM>/mol to about <NUM>/mol. In another aspect, base oil A comprising the one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> cSt to about <NUM> cSt can have a weight average molecular weight of from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

In one aspect, the one or more PAOs for use in the foregoing base oils A comprise oligomers of alpha-olefin having from <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, or from <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, or from <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, or from <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, or from <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms. In other aspects, the PAO comprises oligomers of alpha-olefin having <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, and/or <NUM> carbon atoms. The PAO comprises oligomers which are derived, at least in part, from C<NUM> alpha-olefins.

In one aspect, the forgoing oligomers of alpha-olefins, derived at least in part from C<NUM> olefins, are dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, etc. of C<NUM> to C<NUM> (or C<NUM> to C<NUM>, or C<NUM> to C<NUM>, or C<NUM> to C<NUM>, C<NUM> to C<NUM>, or C<NUM>) branched or linear alpha-olefins. Suitable alpha-olefins include, for example, <NUM>-hexane, <NUM>-heptene, <NUM>-octene, <NUM>-nonene, <NUM>-decene, <NUM>-undecene, <NUM>-dodecene, <NUM>-tridecene, <NUM>-tetradecene, and blends thereof.

In one aspect, the one or more PAOs comprise oligomers of a single alpha-olefin olefin species. In another aspect, the PAO comprises oligomers of a mixture of alpha-olefin olefin species (i.e., involving two or more alpha-olefin species), each alpha-olefin having a carbon number of <NUM> to <NUM> (or <NUM> to <NUM>, or <NUM> to <NUM>, or <NUM> to <NUM>). In one aspect, the PAO comprises oligomers of mixed alpha-olefins (i.e., involving two or more alpha-olefin species) where the weighted average carbon number for the alpha-olefin mixture is <NUM> to <NUM>.

In one aspect, the one or more PAOs comprise oligomers derived, at least in part, from C<NUM> linear alpha-olefin olefins. In another aspect, the one or more PAOs comprise oligomers derived, at least in part, from C<NUM> branched alpha-olefin olefins.

In one aspect, the one or more PAO base oils have a Flash Point of about <NUM> or more, for example, about <NUM> or more, about <NUM> or more, about <NUM> or more, about <NUM> or more, about <NUM> or more, or about <NUM> or more. In another aspect, the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a Flash Point of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

In one aspect, the one or more PAO base oils have a Pour Point of less than about -<NUM>, or less than -<NUM>, or less than -<NUM>, or less than -<NUM>, or less than -<NUM>, or less than <NUM>. In another aspect, the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a Pour Point of from about -<NUM> to about -<NUM>, or from about -<NUM> to about -<NUM>, or from about -<NUM> to about -<NUM>.

In one aspect, the one or more PAO base oils have a Viscosity Index of about <NUM> or more, for example, about <NUM> or more, about <NUM> or more, about <NUM> or more, about <NUM> or more, about <NUM> or more, about <NUM> or more, about <NUM> or more, or about <NUM> or more. In another aspect, the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a Viscosity Index of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or about <NUM> to about <NUM>. In some aspects, the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a Viscosity Index of about <NUM> to about <NUM>. In some aspects, the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a Viscosity Index of about <NUM> to about <NUM>. In some aspects, the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a Viscosity Index of about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

In one aspect, the one or more PAO base oils have a Noack Volatility of from about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. In other aspects, the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a Noack Volatility of about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. In other aspects, the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a Noack Volatility of from about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. % the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a Noack Volatility of from about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. %, or about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. %, or about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. %, or about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. , or about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt.

In one aspect, the one or more base oils A having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> centistokes (cSt) to about <NUM> cSt are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In another aspect, the one or more base oils A are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In another aspect, the one or more base oils A are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In another aspect, one or more base oils A are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about or from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

In one aspect, one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> cSt to about <NUM> cSt are present from about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In another aspect, the one or more base oils A are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In another aspect, the one or more base oils A are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In another aspect, the one or more base oils A are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

Base oil (B) for use in the above-mentioned lubricating oil compositions include one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> cSt to about <NUM> cSt. Suitable base oils having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> cSt to about <NUM> cSt include, for example, one or more Group III base oils, one or more Group IV base oils and mixtures thereof.

A Group III base oil can be any petroleum derived base oil of lubricating viscosity as defined in <NPL> as long as it has a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from about <NUM> cSt to about <NUM> cSt. API guidelines define a base stock as a lubricant component that may be manufactured using a variety of different processes. In general, Group III base oils generally refer to a petroleum derived lubricating base oil having less than <NUM> ppm sulfur, a saturates content greater than <NUM> weight percent, and a VI of <NUM> or greater. In one aspect, the Group III base oil contains at least about <NUM>% by weight saturated hydrocarbons. In another aspect, the Group III base oil contains at least about <NUM>% by weight saturated hydrocarbons. The Group III base oils are described below under the heading "Oil of Lubricating Viscosity", and their properties for base oil B are summarized in Table <NUM>.

Group IV base oils are polyalphaolefins. In one aspect, the one or more Group IV PAO base oil can be any PAO that meets the foregoing Kv requirements at <NUM>. In general, the one or more PAOs used as the base oil (B) component may be selected from any of the olefin oligomer oils used in lubricants. For example, the PAO oils may be derived from monomers having from about <NUM> to about <NUM> carbon atoms or from about <NUM> to about <NUM> carbon atoms. Examples of useful PAOs include those derived from octene, decene, mixtures thereof and the like.

In one aspect, base oil (B) is a single Group III or Group IV base oil. In another aspect, base oil (B) is a mixture of Group III base oils or Group IV base oils or of Group III base oils and Group IV base oils.

Dispersants maintain in suspension materials resulting from oxidation during engine operation that are insoluble in oil, thus preventing sludge flocculation and precipitation or deposition on metal parts. Dispersants useful herein include nitrogen-containing, ashless (metal-free) dispersants known to effective to reduce formation of deposits upon use in gasoline and diesel engines.

Suitable dispersants include hydrocarbyl succinimides, hydrocarbyl succinamides, mixed ester/amides of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid, hydroxyesters of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid, and Mannich condensation products of hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols, formaldehyde and polyamines. Also suitable are condensation products of polyamines and hydrocarbyl-substituted phenyl acids. Mixtures of these dispersants can also be used.

Basic nitrogen-containing ashless dispersants are well-known lubricating oil additives and methods for their preparation are extensively described in the patent literature. Preferred dispersants are the alkenyl succinimides and succinamides where the alkenyl-substituent is a long-chain of preferably greater than <NUM> carbon atoms. These materials are readily made by reacting a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid material with a molecule containing amine functionality. Examples of suitable amines are polyamines such as polyalkylene polyamines, hydroxy-substituted polyamines and polyoxyalkylene polyamines.

Particularly preferred ashless dispersants are the polyisobutenyl succinimides formed from polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and a polyalkylene polyamine such as a polyethylene polyamine of formula:.

wherein z is <NUM> to <NUM>. The polyisobutenyl group is derived from polyisobutene and preferably has a number average molecular weight (Mn) in a range of <NUM> to <NUM> Daltons (e.g., <NUM> to <NUM> Daltons). For example, the polyisobutenyl succinimide may be a bis-succinimide derived from a polyisobutenyl group having a Mn of about <NUM> to about <NUM> Daltons. In one aspect, the bis-succinimide may be derived from a polyisobutenyl group having a Mn of about <NUM> to about <NUM> Daltons. In one aspect, the bis-succinimide may be derived from a polyisobutenyl group having a Mn of about <NUM> to about <NUM> Daltons. In one aspect, the bis-succinimide may be derived from a polyisobutenyl group having a Mn of <NUM> to <NUM> Daltons. In another aspect, the bis-succinimide may be derived from a polyisobutenyl group having a Mn of <NUM> Daltons.

As is known in the art, the dispersants may be post-treated with, for example, a boronating agent or a cyclic carbonate.

In one aspect, the bis-succinimide is a borated bis-succinimide derived from a polyisobutenyl group having a Mn of <NUM> to <NUM> Daltons. In another aspect, the bis-succinimide is a borated bis-succinimide derived from a polyisobutenyl group having a Mn of <NUM> Daltons.

Nitrogen-containing ashless (metal-free) dispersants are basic, and contribute to the TBN of a lubricating oil composition to which they are added, without introducing additional sulfated ash.

In one aspect, the one or more dispersants may be present in an amount ranging from about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. % (e.g., about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM>, about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. %), based on an actives level of the lubricating oil composition.

Nitrogen from the dispersants is present from greater than about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. % (e.g., greater than about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. %, about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. %, about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. %, about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. %, about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. %, about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. %,) based on the weight of the dispersants in the finished oil.

Detergents that may be used include oil-soluble overbased sulfonate, non-sulfur containing phenate, sulfurized phenates, salixarate, salicylate, saligenin, complex detergents and naphthenate detergents and other oil-soluble alkylhydroxybenzoates of a metal, particularly the alkali or alkaline earth metals, e.g., barium, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and magnesium. The most commonly used metals are calcium and magnesium, which may both be present in detergents used in a lubricant, and mixtures of calcium and/or magnesium with sodium.

Overbased metal detergents are generally produced by carbonating a mixture of hydrocarbons, detergent acid, for example: sulfonic acid, alkylhydroxybenzoate etc., metal oxide or hydroxides (for example calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide) and promoters such as xylene, methanol and water. For example, for preparing an overbased calcium sulfonate, in carbonation, the calcium oxide or hydroxide reacts with the gaseous carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate. The sulfonic acid is neutralized with an excess of CaO or Ca(OH)<NUM>, to form the sulfonate.

Overbased detergents may be low overbased, e.g., an overbased salt having a TBN below <NUM> on an actives basis. In one aspect, the TBN of a low overbased salt may be from about <NUM> to about <NUM>. In another aspect, the TBN of a low overbased salt may be from about <NUM> to about <NUM>. Overbased detergents may be medium overbased, e.g., an overbased salt having a TBN from about <NUM> to about <NUM> on an actives basis. In one aspect, the TBN of a medium overbased salt may be from about <NUM> to about <NUM>. In another aspect, the TBN of a medium overbased salt may be from about <NUM> to about <NUM>. Overbased detergents may be high overbased, e.g., an overbased salt having a TBN above <NUM> on an actives basis. In one aspect, the TBN of a high overbased salt may be from about <NUM> to about <NUM> on an actives basis.

In one aspect, the detergent can be one or more alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid. Suitable hydroxyaromatic compounds include mononuclear monohydroxy and polyhydroxy aromatic hydrocarbons having <NUM> to <NUM>, and preferably <NUM> to <NUM>, hydroxyl groups. Suitable hydroxyaromatic compounds include phenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, cresol, and the like.

Sulfonates may be prepared from sulfonic acids which are typically obtained by the sulfonation of alkyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons such as those obtained from the fractionation of petroleum or by the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Examples included those obtained by alkylating benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, diphenyl or their halogen derivatives. The alkylation may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst with alkylating agents having from about <NUM> to more than <NUM> carbon atoms. The alkaryl sulfonates usually contain from about <NUM> to about <NUM> or more carbon atoms, preferably from about <NUM> to about <NUM> carbon atoms, preferably about <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, and more preferably <NUM>-<NUM> carbon atoms per alkyl substituted aromatic moiety.

Metal salts of phenols and sulfurized phenols, which are sulfurized phenate detergents, are prepared by reaction with an appropriate metal compound such as an oxide or hydroxide and neutral or overbased products may be obtained by methods well known in the art. Sulfurized phenols may be prepared by reacting a phenol with sulfur or a sulfur containing compound such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur monohalide or sulfur dihalide, to form products which are generally mixtures of compounds in which <NUM> or more phenols are bridged by sulfur containing bridges.

Additional details regarding the general preparation of sulfurized phenates can be found in, for example, <CIT>; <CIT>, <CIT>, and <CIT> the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Generally, the amount of the detergent can be from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, or from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, or from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, or from about <NUM> to <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

The lubricating oil composition disclosed herein can comprise one or more antiwear agents. Antiwear agents reduce wear of metal parts. Suitable anti-wear agents include dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salts such as zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP) of formula (Formula <NUM>): <MAT> wherein R<NUM> and R<NUM> may be the same of different hydrocarbyl radicals having from <NUM> to <NUM> (e.g., <NUM> to <NUM>) carbon atoms and including radicals such as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkaryl and cycloaliphatic radicals. Particularly preferred as R<NUM> and R<NUM> groups are alkyl groups having from <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms (e.g., the alkyl radicals may be ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, <NUM>-ethylhexyl). In order to obtain oil solubility, the total number of carbon atoms (i.e., R<NUM>+R<NUM>) will be at least <NUM>. The zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate can therefore comprise zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates. The zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate is a primary, secondary zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, or a combination thereof. ZDDP may be present at <NUM> wt. % or less (e.g., <NUM> to <NUM> wt. %, or <NUM> to <NUM> wt %) of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the lubricating oil composition containing the magnesium salicylate detergent described herein further comprises an antioxidant compound. In one embodiment, the antioxidant is a diphenylamine antioxidant. In another embodiment, the antioxidant is a hindered phenol antioxidant. In yet another embodiment, the antioxidant is a combination of a diphenylamine antioxidant and a hindered phenol antioxidant.

The lubricating oil composition disclosed herein can comprise one or more antioxidanta. Antioxidants reduce the tendency of mineral oils during to deteriorate during service. Oxidative deterioration can be evidenced by sludge in the lubricant, varnish-like deposits on the metal surfaces, and by viscosity growth. Suitable antioxidants include hindered phenols, aromatic amines, and sulfurized alkylphenols and alkali and alkaline earth metals salts thereof.

The hindered phenol antioxidant often contains a secondary butyl and/or a tertiary butyl group as a sterically hindering group. The phenol group may be further substituted with a hydrocarbyl group (typically linear or branched alkyl) and/or a bridging group linking to a second aromatic group. Examples of suitable hindered phenol antioxidants include <NUM>,<NUM>-di-tert-butylphenol; <NUM>-methyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-di-tert-butylphenol; <NUM>-ethyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-di-tert-butylphenol; <NUM>-propyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-di-tert-butylphenol; <NUM>-butyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-di-tert-butylphenol; and <NUM>-dodecyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-di-tert-butylphenol. Other useful hindered phenol antioxidants include <NUM>,<NUM>-dialkyl-phenolic propionic ester derivatives such as IRGANOX® L-<NUM> from Ciba and bisphenolic antioxidants such as <NUM>,<NUM>'-bis(<NUM>,<NUM>-di-tert-butylphenol) and <NUM>,<NUM>'-methylenebis(<NUM>,<NUM>-di-tert-butylphenol).

Typical aromatic amine antioxidants have at least two aromatic groups attached directly to one amine nitrogen. Typical aromatic amine antioxidants have alkyl substituent groups of at least <NUM> carbon atoms. Particular examples of aromatic amine antioxidants useful herein include <NUM>,<NUM>'-dioctyldiphenylamine, <NUM>,<NUM>'-dinonyldiphenylamine, N-phenyl-<NUM>-naphthylamine, N-(<NUM>-tert-octyphenyl)-<NUM>-naphthylamine, and N-(<NUM>-octylphenyl)-<NUM>-naphthylamine. Antioxidants may be present at <NUM> to <NUM> wt. % (e.g., <NUM> to <NUM> wt. %) of the lubricating oil composition.

The lubricating oil composition disclosed herein can comprise one or more foam inhibitors that can break up foams in oils. Non-limiting examples of suitable foam inhibitors or anti-foam inhibitors include silicone oils or polydimethylsiloxanes, fluorosilicones, alkoxylated aliphatic acids, polyethers (e.g., polyethylene glycols), branched polyvinyl ethers, alkyl acrylate polymers, alkyl methacrylate polymers, polyalkoxyamines and combinations thereof.

The lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure may also contain other conventional additives that can impart or improve any desirable property of the lubricating oil composition in which these additives are dispersed or dissolved. Any additive known to a person of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein. Some suitable additives have been described in <NPL>); and <NPL>), both of which are incorporated herein by reference. For example, the lubricating oil compositions can be blended with antioxidants, anti-wear agents, detergents such as metal detergents, rust inhibitors, dehazing agents, demulsifying agents, metal deactivating agents, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoaming agents, co-solvents, corrosion-inhibitors, ashless dispersants, multifunctional agents, dyes, extreme pressure agents and the like and mixtures thereof. A variety of the additives are known and commercially available. These additives, or their analogous compounds, can be employed for the preparation of the lubricating oil compositions of the disclosure by the usual blending procedures.

Each of the foregoing additives, when used, is used at a functionally effective amount to impart the desired properties to the lubricant. Thus, for example, if an additive is a friction modifier, a functionally effective amount of this friction modifier would be an amount sufficient to impart the desired friction modifying characteristics to the lubricant.

In general, the concentration of each of the additives in the lubricating oil composition, when used, may range from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, or from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, or from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. Further, the total amount of the additives in the lubricating oil composition may range from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, or from about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

If desired, the lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure can contain minor mounts of other base oil components. A base oil is useful for making concentrates as well as for making lubricating oil compositions therefrom and may be selected from natural and synthetic lubricating oils and combinations thereof.

Natural oils include animal and vegetable oils, liquid petroleum oils and hydro refined, solvent-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic and mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils of lubricating viscosity derived from coal or shale are also useful base oils.

Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylenes, poly(<NUM>-hexenes), poly(<NUM>-octenes), poly(<NUM>-decenes); alkylbenzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di(<NUM>-ethylhexyl)benzenes; polyphenols (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenols); and alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the derivatives, analogues and homologues thereof.

Another suitable class of synthetic lubricating oils comprises the esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., malonic acid, alkyl malonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids and alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, fumaric acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, phthalic acid) with a variety of alcohols (e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, <NUM>-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol). Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(<NUM>-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the <NUM>-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, and the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of <NUM>-ethylhexanoic acid.

Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those made from C<NUM> to C<NUM> monocarboxylic acids and polyols, and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol.

Unrefined, refined and re-refined oils can be used in the present lubricating oil composition. Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without further purification treatment. For example, a shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations, a petroleum oil obtained directly from distillation or ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment would be unrefined oil. Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Many such purification techniques, such as distillation, solvent extraction, acid or base extraction, filtration and percolation are known to those skilled in the art.

Re-refined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils applied to refined oils which have been already used in service. Such re-refined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally processed by techniques for approval of spent additive and oil breakdown products.

Base oils suitable for use herein are any of the variety corresponding to API Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V oils and combinations thereof, preferably the Group III to Group V oils due to their exceptional volatility, stability, viscometric and cleanliness features.

The oil of lubricating viscosity for use in the lubricating oil compositions of this disclosure, also referred to as a base oil, is typically present in a major amount, e.g., an amount of greater than <NUM> wt. %, preferably greater than about <NUM> wt. %, more preferably from about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. % and most preferably from about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition. The expression "base oil" as used herein shall be understood to mean a base stock or blend of base stocks which is a lubricant component that is produced by a single manufacturer to the same specifications (independent of feed source or manufacturer's location); that meets the same manufacturer's specification; and that is identified by a unique formula, product identification number, or both. The base oil for use herein can be any presently known or later-discovered oil of lubricating viscosity used in formulating lubricating oil compositions for any and all such applications, e.g., engine oils, marine cylinder oils, functional fluids such as hydraulic oils, gear oils, transmission fluids, etc. Additionally, the base oils for use herein can optionally contain viscosity index improvers, e.g., polymeric alkylmethacrylates; olefinic copolymers, e.g., an ethylenepropylene copolymer or a styrene-butadiene copolymer; and the like and mixtures thereof.

As one skilled in the art would readily appreciate, the viscosity of the base oil is dependent upon the application. Accordingly, the viscosity of a base oil for use herein will ordinarily range from about <NUM> to about <NUM> centistokes (cSt) at <NUM>° Centigrade (C). Generally, individually the base oils used as engine oils will have a kinematic viscosity range at <NUM>° C. of about <NUM> cSt to about <NUM> cSt, preferably about <NUM> cSt to about <NUM> cSt, and most preferably about <NUM> cSt to about <NUM> cSt and will be selected or blended depending on the desired end use and the additives in the finished oil to give the desired grade of engine oil, e.g., a lubricating oil composition having an SAE Viscosity Grade of 0W, 0W-<NUM>, 0W-<NUM>, 0W-<NUM>, 0W-<NUM>, 0W-<NUM>, 0W-<NUM>, 0W-<NUM>, 0W-<NUM>, 0W-<NUM>, 5W, 5W-<NUM>, 5W-<NUM>, 5W-<NUM>, 5W-<NUM>, 5W-<NUM>, 10W, 10W-<NUM>, 10W-<NUM>, 10W-<NUM>, 10W-<NUM>, 15W, 15W-<NUM>, 15W-<NUM>, 15W-<NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> and the like.

In general, the level of sulfur in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., a level of sulfur of about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. %, <NUM> to <NUM> wt. %, <NUM> to <NUM> wt. %, <NUM> to <NUM> wt. %, <NUM> to <NUM> wt. %, <NUM> to <NUM> wt. %, <NUM> wt. % to <NUM> wt. In one embodiment, the level of sulfur in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. %, less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. %, less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. %, less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. %, less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. %, less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. % based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

In one embodiment, the level of phosphorus in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., a level of phosphorus of about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. In one embodiment, the level of phosphorus in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., a level of phosphorus of about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. In one embodiment, the level of phosphorus in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., a level of phosphorus of about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. In one embodiment, the level of phosphorus in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., a level of phosphorus of about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. In one embodiment, the levels of phosphorus in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., a level of phosphorus of about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. In one embodiment, the level of phosphorus in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., a level of phosphorus of about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt. In one embodiment, the level of phosphorus in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, e.g., a level of phosphorus of about <NUM> wt. % to about <NUM> wt.

In one embodiment, the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. % as determined by ASTM D <NUM>, e.g., a level of sulfated ash of from about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. % as determined by ASTM D <NUM>. In one embodiment, the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. % as determined by ASTM D <NUM>, e.g., a level of sulfated ash of from about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. % as determined by ASTM D <NUM>. In one embodiment, the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. % as determined by ASTM D <NUM>, e.g., a level of sulfated ash of from about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. % as determined by ASTM D <NUM>. In one embodiment, the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention is less than or equal to about <NUM> wt. % as determined by ASTM D <NUM>, e.g., a level of sulfated ash of from about <NUM> to about <NUM> wt. % as determined by ASTM D <NUM>.

In one aspect, the high temperature shear (HTHS) viscosity of the lubricating oil composition is from greater than <NUM> to less than <NUM> mPa. s and the NOACK loss is from <NUM> to <NUM> wt. In other aspects, the high temperature shear (HTHS) viscosity of the lubricating oil composition is from greater than <NUM> to less than <NUM> mPa. s and the NOACK loss is from <NUM> to <NUM>, or from <NUM> to <NUM> wt.

In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides lubricating oil compositions suitable for reducing friction in passenger car internal combustion engines, particularly spark-ignited, direct injection and/or port fuel injection engines. In certain embodiments, the engine may be coupled to an electric motor/battery system in a hybrid vehicle (e.g., a port fuel injection spark ignition engine coupled to an electric motor/battery system in a hybrid vehicle). In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides lubricating oil compositions suitable for reducing friction in heavy duty diesel internal combustion engines.

The following examples are presented to exemplify embodiments of the invention but are not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments set forth. Unless indicated to the contrary, all parts and percentages are by weight. All numerical values are approximate. When numerical ranges are given, it should be understood that embodiments outside the stated ranges may still fall within the scope of the invention. Specific details described in each example should not be construed as necessary features of the invention.

The lubricating oil compositions of Examples <NUM>-<NUM>, and Comparative Examples <NUM>-<NUM> were prepared and tested for piston cleanliness and tendency to piston ring sticking according to the Volkswagen Turbocharged DI test, a European passenger car diesel engine test (CEC-L-<NUM>-T-<NUM>), which is part of the ACEA A/B and C specifications promulgated by the European Automobile Manufacturers Association in <NUM>. This test was used to simulate repeated cycles of high-speed operation followed by idling. A Volkswagen <NUM> liter, inline, four-cylinder turbocharged direct injection automotive diesel engine (VW TDi) was mounted on an engine dynamometer stand. A <NUM>-hour, <NUM>-phased procedure that cycles between <NUM> minutes of <NUM>° C oil sump at idle and <NUM> minutes of <NUM> oil sump at full power (<NUM> rpm) was carried out without interim oil top-ups. After the procedure, the pistons were rated for carbon and lacquer deposits, as well for groove carbon filling. The piston rings were evaluated for ring sticking. The results are set forth below in Table <NUM>.

A 0W-<NUM> viscosity grade fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared comprising about <NUM> wt. % of a Group IV base oil (PAO <NUM>, <NUM> cSt at <NUM>, derived from a C<NUM>-C<NUM> olefin, having a weight average molecular weight of from about <NUM>/mol and a number average molecular number of about <NUM>), <NUM> wt. % Group IV base oil (<NUM> cSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % of a Group III base oil (<NUM> cSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % based on actives of a bis-succinimide based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group with a number average molecular weight of approximately <NUM>, and typical amounts of detergents, phosphorous antiwear agent, antioxidant, friction modifier, foam inhibitor, viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, and diluent oil.

A 0W-<NUM> viscosity grade fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared comprising about <NUM> wt. % of a Group IV base oil (PAO <NUM>, <NUM> cSt at <NUM>, derived from a C<NUM>-C<NUM> olefin, having a weight average molecular weight of from about <NUM>/mol and a number average molecular number of about <NUM>), <NUM> wt. % Group IV base oil (<NUM> cSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % of a Group III base oil (<NUM> CSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % based on actives of a bis-succinimide based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group with a number average molecular weight of approximately <NUM>, and typical amounts of detergents, phosphorous antiwear agent, antioxidant, friction modifier, foam inhibitor, viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, and diluent oil.

A 0W-<NUM> viscosity grade fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared comprising about <NUM> wt. % Group IV base oil (<NUM> cSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % of a Group III base oil (<NUM> CSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % based on actives of a bis-succinimide based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group with a number average molecular weight of approximately <NUM>, and typical amounts of detergents, phosphorous antiwear agent, antioxidant, friction modifier, foam inhibitor, viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, and diluent oil.

A 5W-<NUM> viscosity grade fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared comprising about <NUM> wt. % of a Group IV base oil (PAO <NUM>, <NUM> cSt at <NUM>, derived from a C<NUM>-C<NUM> olefin, having a weight average molecular weight of from about <NUM>/mol and a number average molecular number of about <NUM>), <NUM> wt. % Group III base oil (<NUM>. <NUM> cSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % of a Group III base oil (<NUM> CSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % based on actives of a bis-succinimide based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group with a number average molecular weight of approximately <NUM>, <NUM> wt. % based on actives of a borated bis-succinimide having a polyisobutyl group with a number average molecular weight of approximately <NUM>, and typical amounts of detergents, phosphorous antiwear agent, antioxidant, friction modifier, foam inhibitor, viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, and diluent oil.

A 5W-<NUM> viscosity grade fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared comprising about <NUM> wt. % Group III base oil (<NUM> cSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % of a Group III base oil (<NUM> CSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % based on actives of a bis-succinimide based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group with a number average molecular weight of approximately <NUM>, <NUM> wt. % based on actives of a borated bis-succinimide having a polyisobutyl group with a number average molecular weight of approximately <NUM>, and typical amounts of detergents, phosphorous antiwear agent, antioxidant, friction modifier, foam inhibitor, viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, and diluent oil.

A 0W-<NUM> viscosity grade fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared comprising about <NUM> wt. % of a Group IV base oil (PAO <NUM>, <NUM> cSt at <NUM>, derived from a C<NUM>-C<NUM> olefin, having a weight average molecular weight of from about <NUM>/mol and a number average molecular number of about <NUM>), <NUM> wt. % Group III base oil (<NUM> cSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % of a Group III base oil (<NUM> CSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % based on actives of a bis-succinimide based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group with a number average molecular weight of approximately <NUM>, <NUM> wt. % based on actives of a borated bis-succinimide having a polyisobutyl group with a number average molecular weight of approximately <NUM>, and typical amounts of detergents, phosphorous antiwear agent, antioxidant, friction modifier, foam inhibitor, viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, and diluent oil.

A 0W-<NUM> viscosity grade fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared comprising about <NUM> wt. % of a Group IV base oil (PAO <NUM>, <NUM> cSt at <NUM>, derived from a C<NUM>-C<NUM> olefin, having a weight average molecular weight of from about <NUM>/mol and a number average molecular number of about <NUM>), <NUM> wt. % Group III base oil (<NUM> cSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % based on actives of a bis-succinimide based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group with a number average molecular weight of approximately <NUM>, and typical amounts of detergents, phosphorous antiwear agent, antioxidant, friction modifier, foam inhibitor, viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, and diluent oil.

A 0W-<NUM> viscosity grade fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared comprising about <NUM> wt. % of a Group IV base oil (PAO <NUM>, <NUM> cSt at <NUM>, derived from a C<NUM> olefin, which is a mixture of trimers, tetramers, pentamers, and higher and not including a C<NUM> olefin), <NUM> wt. % Group III base oil (<NUM> cSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % based on actives of a bis-succinimide based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group with a number average molecular weight of approximately <NUM>, and typical amounts of detergents, phosphorous antiwear agent, antioxidant, friction modifier, foam inhibitor, viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, and diluent oil.

A 0W-<NUM> viscosity grade fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared comprising about <NUM> wt. % of a Group IV base oil (PAO <NUM>, <NUM> cSt at <NUM>, derived from a C<NUM> olefin), <NUM> wt. % Group III base oil (<NUM> cSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % based on actives of a bis-succinimide based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group with a number average molecular weight of approximately <NUM>, and typical amounts of detergents, phosphorous antiwear agent, antioxidant, friction modifier, foam inhibitor, viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, and diluent oil.

A 0W-<NUM> viscosity grade fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared comprising about <NUM> wt. % of a Group IV base oil (PAO <NUM>, <NUM> cSt at <NUM>, derived from a C<NUM>-C<NUM> olefin, having a weight average molecular weight of <NUM>/mol and a number average molecular number of about <NUM>), <NUM> wt. % Group III base oil (<NUM> cSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % based on actives of a bis-succinimide based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group with a number average molecular weight of approximately <NUM>, and typical amounts of detergents, phosphorous antiwear agent, antioxidant, friction modifier, foam inhibitor, viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, and diluent oil.

A <NUM>`Y-<NUM> viscosity grade fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared comprising about <NUM> wt. % of a Group IV base oil (PAO <NUM>, <NUM> cSt, derived from a Cs olefin), <NUM> wt. % Group III base oil (<NUM> cSt at <NUM>), about <NUM> wt. % based on actives of a bis-succinimide based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group with a number average molecular weight of approximately <NUM>, and typical amounts of detergents, phosphorous antiwear agent, antioxidant, friction modifier, foam inhibitor, viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, and diluent oil.

The pass/fail score according to ACEA standards B4, B5, C3, and VW limits are listed in the following Table <NUM>.

Claim 1:
A lubricating oil composition comprising:
(a) from <NUM> wt. % to <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A) comprising one or more polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oils having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from <NUM> cSt to <NUM> cSt;
(b) from <NUM> wt. % to <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at <NUM> of from <NUM> cSt to <NUM> cSt; and
(c) from <NUM> wt. % to <NUM> wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant;
wherein base oil (A) is derived at least in part from a C<NUM> olefin and further wherein base oil A has a weight average molecular weight of from <NUM>/mol to <NUM>/mol.