Patent Description:
Generally described herein are methods, compositions, products, and processes that utilize bioceramics in traditional agricultural, hydroponic, and aquaponic systems. The disclosure provides bioceramics and devices comprising these bioceramics that can be used to enhance organoleptic properties of a plant, to increase an amount of an active ingredient of a plant, or generally to improve the growth of a plant. These devices can be, for example, cloths or textiles impregnated with a bioceramic, solid form bioceramic devices that are sintered and molded forms of the bioceramic, or as devices that are manufactures as layered or non-layered filters for water treatment. The bioceramics described herein are also utilized in powder form, as films, as aerosols, as water based treatment system, or in other suitable forms. The methods and bioceramic compositions are used for growing a plant, such as a plant that can produce one or more active ingredients for use as drugs and medicines. The plant can be a Cannabis plant, an ornamental plant, or another plant used in agriculture.

<CIT> discloses a compound fertilizer comprising kaolin and tourmaline and phosphorus pentoxide.

<CIT> discloses a bioceramic of the related art used on articles of manufacture.

Generally, the disclosure provided herein provides a bioceramic that can be used to enhance organoleptic properties of a plant, to increase an amount of an active ingredient of a plant, or generally to improve the growth of a plant. The plant can be, for example, a plant that produces a food crop, such as rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, ragi, legumes, fruits, vegetables, soybeans, or nuts, soybeans. A plant can be an ornamental plant, such as plants that are used in gardens and landscape design projects, houseplants, ornamental flowering flowers and others. In some cases, a plant can be a plant that produces one or more active compound that can have a medicinal effect.

In some cases, described herein is a method of growing a plant from the Cannabaceae family on a substrate comprising an amount of one or more infrared emitting material(s). In some cases, the bioceramic composition comprising such infrared emitting materials transmits less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>%, less than about <NUM>% of the infrared energy or rays received between <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM>-<NUM>. In some instances, the method comprises: cultivating the plant from the Cannabaceae family on the substrate, wherein the substrate comprises: a) at most <NUM> part of a kaolinite to <NUM> parts of the substrate; and b) at most <NUM> part of a tourmaline to <NUM> parts of the substrate. In some cases, the substrate comprises at most <NUM> part per volume of a kaolinite to <NUM> parts per volume of the substrate, at most <NUM> part per weight of a kaolinite to <NUM> parts per weight of the substrate, at most <NUM> part per weight of a kaolinite to <NUM> parts per volume of the substrate, or at most <NUM> part per volume of a kaolinite to <NUM> parts per weight of a substrate. In some cases, the substrate comprises at most <NUM> part per volume of a tourmaline to <NUM> parts per volume of the substrate, the substrate comprises at most <NUM> part per weight of a tourmaline to <NUM> parts per weight of the substrate, at most <NUM> part per weight of a tourmaline to <NUM> parts per volume of the substrate, or at most <NUM> part per volume of a tourmaline to <NUM> parts per weight of a substrate. In some cases the plant from the Cannabaceae family is a plant from the Cannabis genus. The Cannabis plant can be a Cannabis sativa plant, a Cannabis indica plant, or a hybrid plant of two or more Cannabis species. In some instances the presence of the kaolinite and the tourmaline on the substrate modulates a phytocannabinoid profile of the Cannabis plant, such as an amount of a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the Cannabis plant, an amount of a Cannabidiol (CBD) in the Cannabis plant, or an amount of a delta-<NUM>-tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabinol (CBN), a cannabicyclol (CBL), a cannabichromene (CBC), or a cannabigerol (CBG). In some instances the substrate is a soil. In other instances the substrate is a water solvent comprising mineral nutrients. In some instances the substrate comprises less than <NUM>% dry weight of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na); or less than <NUM>% dry weight of one or more trace minerals selected from the group consisting of: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co). In some instances, the substrate further comprises at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide (SiO<NUM>), aluminum oxide (Al<NUM>O<NUM>), titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>), and magnesium oxide (MgO). In some instances, the methods disclosed herein further comprise adding a second quantity of a kaolinite and a second quantity of tourmaline to the substrate after a first period of time. The first period of time can be from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, or from <NUM> days to <NUM> days. In some instances, the methods disclosed herein further comprise adding a third quantity of a kaolinite and a third quantity of tourmaline to the substrate to the substrate after a second period of time. The second period of time can be from 7days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days after the first period of time. The cultivating can increase a total number of flowers, a total number of leaves, or a total weight of the Cannabaceae plant as compared to a control. The cultivating can also increase a partial weight of the Cannabaceae plant, not including the weight of the roots, as compared to a control.

A medicinal formulation comprising at least a portion of a Cannabaceae plant grown according to the methods described herein. The at least a portion of the Cannabaceae plant can comprise a leaf, a flower, a stem, a bud, or a seed. The plant from the Cannabaceae family can be a plant from the Cannabis genus, such as a Cannabis sativa plant, a Cannabis indica plant, or a hybrid plant of two or more Cannabis species. In some instances, one or more cannabinoids within the plant can be used in therapeutic compositions for the treatment of glaucoma, AIDS wasting syndrome, neuropathic pain, cancer, multiple sclerosis, chemotherapy-induced nausea, and certain seizure disorders.

The novel and inventive features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings which in this provisional patent application are provided in the Examples section below.

As used in this document, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. As used in this document, the term "comprising" means "including, but not limited to.

Provided herein are far-infrared energy emitting bioceramics for use in agricultural, hydroponic, and aquaponic systems. The instant bioceramics comprise kaolinite and tourmaline minerals and oxides that are highly refractory and absorb high amounts of far-infrared energy. Such far infrared energy has the ability to penetrate, refract, radiate, and reflect energy to living cells. Those far infrared rays can promote the growth and health of living cells, especially in plants.

A disclosed bioceramic can be used, for example, in an agricultural setting to improve the growth of a plant. Major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials. Non-limiting examples of specific foods include cereals (grains), vegetables, fruits, oils, meats and spices. Fibers include cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax. Raw materials include, for example, lumber and bamboo. Other useful materials are also produced by plants, such as resins, dyes, perfumes, biofuels and ornamental products such as cut flowers and nursery plants, and notably medicinal drugs.

In some aspects, the disclosure provides ground penetrating devices (stakes) made from the disclosed bioceramics. Such devices can be fabricated by sintering, for example, a powdered bioceramic into a shape, co-mingling a bioceramic into a shape with one or more materials, adding the bioceramic into a mold that can be pressed into the ground, or another suitable method that can expose the roots of a plant to the bioceramic and its far-infrared energy, thereby enhancing plant growth. In some aspects, the device can be fabricated by injection molding. Injection molding can be performed with a host of materials such as metals, glasses, elastomers, confections, and most commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Material for the part is often inserted into a heated barrel, mixed, and forced into a mold cavity, where it cools and hardens to the configuration of the cavity. After a product is designed, usually by an industrial designer or an engineer, molds are made by a mold-maker (or toolmaker) from metal, which can be a metal - such as steel or aluminum - and precision-machined to form the features of the desired part.

In other aspects, the disclosure provides an aerosol based system where the bioceramic particles are suspended and can, for instance, be distributed to a plant as fine particles. In yet other aspects, the disclosure provides a formulation of a bioceramic as a film that can be delivered to a surface. In such instances, the bioceramic can be formulated with one or more film forming agents that provide a pliable, cohesive, and continuous film.

In some instances, the disclosure provides a fabric or a textile that is fabricated by a suitable method where color pigments are either replaced or co-mingled with the disclosed bioceramics. These products can "camouflage" the soil with a "mulch" look where the printed bioceramic is contained within. Examples of these methods include silk-screen printing process, a dot application process, a binder solution application process, a visible repeating pattern process or any other suitable method can be employed. Non-limiting examples of printing processes can be found in <CIT>. The disclosure also provides products for use in agriculture that are fabricated via a screen print method onto a textile that controls the deposition of bioceramic powder on the textile. The printing can occur in layers of the textile (for example, lawyers of a non-woven textile). Such layers can be stacked to create a filter for water treatment or can be corrugated to create a pass-thru filter for water treatment.

The disclosed bioceramics can be formulated for application to a plant in the form of a powder, an aerosol, a mist, a sintered form, or in a another suitable form. Tourmaline and kaolinite have distinct granulometric, mineralogical, chemical, and physical properties depending on, for example, whether the minerals are extracted from a particular geographic region or whether the minerals are chemically synthesized. For instance, in many parts of the world a kaolinite has a pink-orange-red coloration that is associated with an amount of an impurity(ies). Often, the impurity(ies) comprises iron oxide. In some embodiments of the disclosure, a kaolinite of the disclosure is of a high purity level, and it is characterized by a fine white color. Furthermore, tourmaline is a hard material with a Mohs hardness scale of between <NUM> - <NUM> Mohs whereas kaolinite is a soft material with a Mohs hardness scale of between <NUM> - <NUM> Mohs.

In some instances, the disclosed bioceramic formulations are pre-mixed and prepared as a powder formulation. In other instances, the individual components of a bioceramic can be separately added to a substrate. In some instances, the bioceramic formulations described herein generally comprise from about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % kaolinite (Al<NUM>Si<NUM>O<NUM>(OH)<NUM>), from about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % tourmaline, and at least one additional oxide from about <NUM> to <NUM>% wt %, provided that the amounts are by total weight of the bioceramic composition. The at least one additional oxide can be selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide (Al<NUM>O<NUM>), silicon dioxide (SiO<NUM>), titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>), magnesium oxide (MgO), and zirconium dioxide (ZrO<NUM>).

In some instances, the bioceramic composition comprises from about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % kaolinite (Al<NUM>Si<NUM>O<NUM>(OH)<NUM>) to about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % tourmaline to about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % aluminum oxide (Al<NUM>O<NUM>) to about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % silicon dioxide (SiO<NUM>); and from about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>); provided that the total amounts are by total weight of the composition.

In other instances, the bioceramic composition comprises from about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % kaolinite (Al<NUM>Si<NUM>O<NUM>(OH)<NUM>) to about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % tourmaline to about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % aluminum oxide (Al<NUM>O<NUM>) to about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % silicon dioxide (SiO<NUM>); and from about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % magnesium oxide (MgO); provided that the total amounts are by total weight of the composition.

In some instances, the bioceramic composition comprises from about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % kaolinite (Al<NUM>Si<NUM>O<NUM>(OH)<NUM>) to about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % tourmaline to about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % aluminum oxide (Al<NUM>O<NUM>) to about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % silicon dioxide (SiO<NUM>); and from about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % zirconium dioxide (ZrO<NUM>); provided that the total amounts are by total weight of the composition.

In other instances, the individual components of a bioceramic can be separately added to a substrate. <FIG> illustrates exemplary powered bioceramics mixed with soil and water substrates.

One or more components of the disclosed bioceramics may be ground to a coarse, or to a fine form in a powder. In some embodiments of the disclosure, a granularity of a kaolinite or a tourmaline in one or more of the products described herein is associated with an amount of infrared energy that is radiated from a bioceramic composition. For instance, a bioceramic composition comprising coarser-size mineral can reflects a different amount of infrared energy as compared to a bioceramic composition comprising finer-size minerals. In some embodiments of the disclosure, the granularity of a bioceramic composition ranges from about <NUM> nanometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> nanometers to about <NUM> micrometer, from about <NUM> nanometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> nanometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> nanometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> nanometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> nanometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> nanometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> nanometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> nanometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> nanometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> nanometers to about <NUM> micrometers, or from about <NUM> nanometers to about <NUM> micrometers.

In some embodiments of the disclosure, the granularity of a bioceramic composition ranges from about <NUM> micrometers to about <NUM> micrometer, from about <NUM> micrometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> micrometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> micrometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> micrometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> micrometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> micrometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> micrometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> micrometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> micrometers to about <NUM> micrometers, from about <NUM> micrometers to about <NUM> micrometers, or from about <NUM> micrometers to about <NUM> micrometers.

The disclosure also provides sintered formulations of a bioceramic. Sintering is the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by heat or pressure without melting it to the point of liquefaction. Sintering can be an effective way of reducing the porosity of a composition, or enhancing properties such as thermal conductivity, strength, electrical conductivity, and translucency. In some cases, a bioceramic composition disclosed herein is sintered into a shape. The bioceramic composition can be sintered into a variety of regular or irregular cross-sectional shapes such as, for example, a stake shape, a circular, a half-circular, a diamond, a hexagonal, a multi-lobal, an octagonal, an oval, a pentagonal, a rectangular, a square, a star-shaped, a trapezoidal, a triangular, a wedge-shaped, or another suitable shape that can be added to a substrate to support the growth of a bioceramic.

The disclosure also provides aerosol formulations of a bioceramic. In some cases the bioceramic is prepared as an aerosol based system where the bioceramic particles are suspended in a film former and delivered to a surface. In some cases, the bioceramic compositions have ultra-fine particles.

In some instances, the average diameter, or cross-sectional area, of a particle in a bioceramic composition described herein, is from about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or other desired size. In some cases, the bioceramics have a cross-sectional diameter of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or other desired size.

In some cases the average density of a bioceramic particle described herein is from about <NUM> grams/cm<NUM> to <NUM> about grams/cm<NUM>, from about <NUM> grams/cm<NUM> to <NUM> about grams/cm<NUM>, from about <NUM> grams/cm<NUM> to <NUM> about grams/cm<NUM>, from about <NUM> grams/cm<NUM> to <NUM> about grams/cm<NUM>, from about <NUM> grams/cm<NUM> to <NUM> about grams/cm<NUM>. In some cases the average density of a bioceramic particle described herein is about <NUM> grams/cm<NUM>. In some cases the average density of a bioceramic particle described herein is from about <NUM> grams/cm<NUM> to <NUM> about grams/cm<NUM>, from about <NUM> grams/cm<NUM> to <NUM> about grams/cm<NUM>, from about <NUM> grams/cm<NUM> to <NUM> about grams/cm<NUM>, from about <NUM> grams/cm<NUM> to <NUM> about grams/cm<NUM>, from about <NUM> grams/cm<NUM> to <NUM> about grams/cm<NUM>. In some cases the mean density of a bioceramic particle described herein is about <NUM> grams/cm<NUM>.

In some cases, a bioceramic product can be incorporated into a filter, a mesh, a sifter, or another suitable fabric or textile that allows the passage of a desired particle size through the filter, the mesh, or the sifter while blocking the passage of particles of an undesired size. A fabric can be a porous mesh. A fabric can comprise a plurality of sheets that can be layered to create a filter with a desired thickness, porosity, or another suitable property. In some cases, a fabric, or various sheets of fabric, is/are configured to for a filter, or to be placed within a receptacle that supports the growth of a plant, i.e., a pot or a hydroponics support system.

In some embodiments of the disclosure, a purity of the tourmaline or kaolinite is associated with an amount of infrared energy that is radiated from a bioceramic composition. In some cases the kaolinite or tourmaline of a bioceramic composition of the disclosure is greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, greater than <NUM> % pure, or greater than <NUM> % pure.

Long before pure chemicals were manufactured in labs, people used plants for medicine. In the United States, the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA) controls substances that are psychoactive or otherwise have abuse potential. The CSA controls all stages of the manufacturing and supply chain. The extent or stringency of these controls is largely determined by a substance's classification in one of five schedules for controlled substances. Schedule I substances like cannabis and cannabinoids cannot be prescribed and can only be lawfully dispensed and possessed as part of a federally approved research program.

Investigators interested in conducting research on cannabis plant material typically must obtain that cannabis through the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), which cultivates different varieties of research-grade cannabis with various tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to cannabidiol CBD ratios. Nevertheless, the approval of Dronabinol (a synthetic cannabinoid designated chemically as (<NUM>aR-trans)-6a,<NUM>,<NUM>,10a-tetrahydro-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-trimethyl-<NUM>-pentyl-<NUM>-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-<NUM>-ol) for the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy, as well as loss of appetite and weight loss in patients with HIV infection, indicates that there may be viable, safer, alternatives to the use of opioids in the treatment of those conditions.

Without being limited by theory the instant inventors have discovered that a combination of tourmaline, kaolinite, and optionally at least one additional oxide can improve the growth and properties of a plant of the Cannabaceae family. The task of categorizing and cataloguing the billions of existing plant species is vastly complex. Phylogenetics approaches have been employed to categorize plant species based on genetic similarity. Nevertheless, according to the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), the Cannabaceae family is a small family of flowering plants. As now circumscribed, the family includes about <NUM> species grouped in about <NUM> genera, including Cannabis (hemp, marijuana), Humulus (hops) and Celtis (hackberries). Celtis is by far the largest genus, containing about <NUM> species. The Cannabaceae family, along with three other families, make up the (informal) suborder Urticalean rosids, of the order Rosales. Along with the Urticalean rosids, another five families belong to the Rosales order; these include Rosaceae (rose) and Rhamnaceae (buckthorn). Among the plants in the Cannabaceae family, the Cannabis genus is apparently unique within the Cannabaceae family for containing cannabinoids.

As described herein the number of species within the Cannabis genus include Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, Cannabis ruderalis, and hybrids of the same, all of which contain cannabinoids. A cannabinoid is one of a class of diverse chemical compounds that acts on cannabinoid receptors in cells that alter neurotransmitter release in the brain. Ligands for these receptor proteins include the endocannabinoids (produced naturally in the body by animals), the phytocannabinoids (found in Cannabis and others), and synthetic cannabinoids (manufactured artificially). The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive compound in Cannabis. Cannabidiol (CBD) is another major constituent of the plant. There are at least another <NUM> different cannabinoids isolated from Cannabis, exhibiting varied effects.

Further described herein is a method and compositions for growing a Cannabis plant that modulate an amount of one or more cannabinoids within the plant. The compositions disclosed herein can be used for the treatment of glaucoma, AIDS wasting syndrome, neuropathic pain, cancer, multiple sclerosis, chemotherapy-induced nausea, and certain seizure disorders. In some instances the cannabinoid is tetrahydrocannabinol, as illustrated below:
<CHM>.

Tetrahydrocannabinol is the most abundant psychoactive cannabinoid in Cannabis plants. As used herein, tetrahydrocannabinol generally refers to both Δ<NUM>- Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ<NUM>-THC) and Δ<NUM>- Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ<NUM>-THC). Tetrahydrocannabinol can be used to treat glaucoma, pain, nausea, vomiting, asthma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and others. It can also be used as an appetite stimulant. In some instances the cannabinoid is Δ<NUM>-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ<NUM>-THC) or Δ<NUM>- Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ<NUM>-THC), as illustrated below:
<CHM>.

The cannabinoid can be cannabidiol (CBD). Cannabidiol can be used to treat epilepsy, schizophrenia, and a number of other conditions. In some instances the cannabinoid is cannabidiol, as illustrated below:
<CHM>.

The cannabinoid can be cannabinol (CBN). Oxidation of THC can lead to the conversion of THC into CBN. In some instances the cannabinoid is cannabinol, as illustrated below:
<CHM>.

The cannabinoid can be a precursor for THC or CBN, such as, for example, cannabigerol (CBG), illustrated below:
<CHM>.

Cannabigerol is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, and it is the building block for THC and CBD. Cannabigerol can be used in a medicinal formulation to reduce intraocular pressure, which can be used to treat glaucoma patients.

TABLE <NUM> illustrates compounds isolated from Cannabis plants and non-limiting examples of their pharmacological and medicinal uses.

Recognized herein are methods for growing plants with a bioceramic. In some cases, the plant is a plant from the Cannabaceae family. In some cases the plant from the Cannabaceae family is a plant from the Cannabis genus. The Cannabis plant can be a Cannabis sativa plant, a Cannabis indica plant, or a hybrid plant of two or more Cannabis species. Recognized herein are compositions and methods that improve the growth of the Cannabaceae plants on a substrate. The substrate typically refers to a medium used to support the growth of the plant. The substrate can be a soil or a water solvent. The compositions typically refer to bioceramic compositions comprising tourmaline, kaolinite, and at least one additional oxide. In some instances the presence of the bioceramic comprising the kaolinite and the tourmaline on the substrate modulates a phytocannabinoid profile of the Cannabis plant, such as an amount of a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the Cannabis plant, an amount of a Cannabidiol (CBD) in the Cannabis plant, or an amount of a delta-<NUM>- or delta-<NUM>-tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabinol (CBN), a cannabicyclol (CBL), a cannabichromene (CBC), or a cannabigerol (CBG).

The bioceramic composition can be added to a substrate at all stages of plant growth. Cannabis plants go through a series of stages as they grow and mature. Different stages may require different amounts of light, nutrients, and water. These stages may also be associated with when to prune and train the plants. Generally, the life cycle of cannabis can be broken down into four primary stages from seed to harvest: germination, seedling, vegetative, and flowering.

Germination stage: the first stage of life for a cannabis plant begins with the seed. Generally, a cannabis plant is dormant at the seed stage. Germination is the process in which a new plant begins to grow from a seed, and it typically requires water, heat, and air. A bioceramic of the disclosure can be added to a substrate, for example to a water or to a soil substrate at the seed of growth. This stage can last about <NUM> week, from about <NUM> week to about <NUM> weeks, or from about <NUM> week to about <NUM> weeks.

Seedling stage: the second stage of life for a cannabis plant is seedling. Once a tap root has appeared and a seed has popped, the Cannabis plant is ready to be placed in a growing substrate. The growing substrate can comprise a bioceramic described ehrein. The tap root will drive down while the stem of the seedling will grow upwards. Initially, two rounded cotyledon leaves will grow from the stem as the plant unfolds from the protective casing of the seed. These initial leaves are responsible for taking in the sunlight needed for plant growth. As the roots develop, the first fan leaves grow, and at this point, the Cannabis plant can be considered a seedling. <FIG> illustrates a root system of a Cannabaceae plant, Cannabis indica grown in a soil substrate as described herein. This stage can last about <NUM> week, from about <NUM> week to about <NUM> weeks, or from about <NUM> week to about <NUM> weeks.

Vegetative stage: Cannabis plants are considered seedlings until they begin to develop leaves with a full number of fingers on new fan leaves. The vegetative stage of Cannabis is where the plant's growth increases substantially. In some cases, the plant is transplanted into a different substrate, such as a larger pot, and the roots and foliage are develop. This is also the time to begin topping or training your plants. This stage can last from about <NUM> week to about <NUM> weeks, from about <NUM> weeks to about <NUM> weeks, from about <NUM> weeks to about <NUM> weeks, from about <NUM> weeks to about <NUM> weeks, from about <NUM> weeks to about <NUM> weeks, from about <NUM> weeks to about <NUM> weeks, from about <NUM> weeks to about <NUM> weeks, or from about <NUM> weeks to about <NUM> weeks.

Flowering stage: the flowering stage is the final stage of growth for the Cannabis plant. Flowering occurs naturally when the plant receives less than <NUM> hours of light a day as the summer days shorten (or as the light cycle indoors is reduced). It is in this stage that resinous buds develop.

In some instances, a bioceramic of the disclosure is added to one or more stages in the growth of a Cannabis plant. In some instances, the substrate comprises an amount of a kaolinite, a tourmaline, and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide (SiO<NUM>), aluminum oxide (Al<NUM>O<NUM>), titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>), magnesium oxide (MgO), and Zirconium Oxide (ZrO<NUM>). Additionally, some embodiments further comprise adding a second quantity of a kaolinite, a second quantity of a tourmaline, and optionally a second quantity of the aforementioned oxides to the substrate after a first period of time. The first period of time can be from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, or from <NUM> days to <NUM> days. The first period of time can be any time in the germination, seedling, vegetative, or flowering stages; or any time during the total life cycle of the plant.

Additionally, some embodiments of the disclosure further comprise adding a third quantity of a kaolinite and a third quantity of a tourmaline to the substrate to the substrate after a second period of time, and optionally a third quantity of at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide (SiO<NUM>), aluminum oxide (Al<NUM>O<NUM>), titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>), and magnesium oxide (MgO). The second period of time can be from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days, from <NUM> days to <NUM> days after the first period of time. The second period of time can be any time in the germination, seedling, vegetative, or flowering stages; or any time during the total life cycle of the plant.

As used herein a soil generally refers to a mixture of organic matter, liquids, minerals, gases, organisms, and frequently microorganisms. Soils perform a number of functions in supporting plant growth, including helping plants absorb water, adjusting soil pH, and providing nutrients to plants. Of all of the minerals found in soil, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium are the three most important that plants actively extract from the soil as nutrients. Correcting soil mineral content is an important part of raising healthy plants. For example, molds are fungi that can be found both indoors and outdoors. Fungus spores generally attach to a young plant leaf where they are able to germinate and grow, quickly spreading to other parts of the plant and nearby plants. Both indoor and outdoor plants are susceptible to infection, especially in warm, humid areas. In most cases, the mold will not kill an established plant, but it can weaken the plant and reduce the output of vegetation, as well as spread to other plants. In some instances, a bioceramic of the disclosure can help reduce an amount of mold spores on a plant or it can help reduce the growth of mold spores on the plant.

Various soils can be used as suitable substrates for the growth of a plant described herein. The soil substrate can comprise an amount of essential and non-essential nutrients. The soil substrate can comprises less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, or another suitable amount of essential minerals such as of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na). The substrate can comprises less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, or another suitable amount of one or more trace minerals selected from the group consisting of: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co).

A soil substrate as used herein can be a cemented soil. A cemented soil comprises a soil in which the particles are held together by a chemical agent, such as calcium carbonate, such that a hand-size sample cannot be crushed into powder or individual soil particles by finger pressure.

A soil substrate as used herein can be a cohesive soil. A cohesive soil comprises a clay (fine grained soil), or soil with a high clay content, which has cohesive strength. A cohesive soil does not crumble, can be excavated with vertical sideslopes, and is plastic when moist. A cohesive soil is hard to break up when dry, and exhibits significant cohesion when submerged. Cohesive soils include clayey silt, sandy clay, silty clay, clay and organic clay.

A soil substrate as used herein can be a granular soil. A granular soil comprises gravel, sand, or silt (coarse grained soil) with little or no clay content. A granular soil has no cohesive strength. Some moist granular soils exhibit apparent cohesion, however they cannot be molded when moist and crumble easily when dry.

A soil substrate as used herein can be a layered system soil. As used herein, a layered system soil means two or more distinctly different soil or rock types arranged in layers. Micaceous seams or weakened planes in rock or shale are non-limiting examples of layered soil systems.

A soil substrate as used herein can be a moist soil. A moist soil comprises a condition in which a soil looks and feels damp. Moist cohesive soils can easily be shaped into a ball and rolled into small diameter threads before crumbling. Moist granular soil that contains some cohesive material will exhibit signs of cohesion between particles.

The soil substrates described herein can be plastic. As used herein "plastic" means a property of a soil which allows the soil to be deformed or molded without cracking, or appreciable volume change.

As used herein a "saturated soil" generally refers to a soil in which the voids are filled with water.

Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without using soil (i.e., soil less, in an inert physical support, or with minimum use of soil). This technique instead uses a mineral nutrient solution in a water solvent, allowing the nutrient uptake process to be more efficient than when using soil. Various types of water solvents or hydroponic systems can be used as suitable substrates for the growth of a plant described herein. The water substrate can comprise an amount of essential and non-essential nutrients. A water solvent can be used, for example, in the hydroponics process of growing plants in sand, gravel, or liquid, with added nutrients but without soil. The substrate can comprises less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, or another suitable amount of essential minerals such as of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na). The substrate can comprises less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, less than <NUM>% dry weight, or another suitable amount of one or more trace minerals selected from the group consisting of: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co).

Unlike plants grown in soil, plants grown in a hydroponics system do not need to develop extensive root structures to search for nutrients. In the hydroponics method, plants are raised in an inert growing medium where the plants only need to expend minimal energy to acquire nutrients from the roots. Furthermore, it is easier to test and adjust pH levels. The energy saved by the roots is better spent on fruit and flower production. There are several types of hydroponic growing techniques, including: Nutrient film technique (NFT), wicks system, Ebb and flow (flood and drain), Water culture, drip system, and aeroponic system.

The nutrient film technique (NFT) is a hydroponic growing technique where a small, shallow stream of nutrient-rich water is recirculated over roots through a channel, gutter, or tube. NFT can be similar to the ebb and flow system in that it utilizes a pump to move nutrients in a continuous, constant flow. The difference with NFT is that the solution flows directly over the roots.

A wick system generally refers to a watering method for potted plants that uses a soft fabric string known as a wick. One end of the wick is buried in the soil, and the other end hangs into a pot, dish, or bucket of water. Water will flow up the wick and water the plant until the soil surrounding the plant is damp. Once the soil dries out, the wick will again soak up water.

Deep water culture generally refers to a type of hydroponic system in which the plant's roots are submerged in a growth-inducing mixture containing essential nutrients and minerals. In this system the plants are aerated via an air pump. Some plants, such as lettuce, thrive in water and are commonly grown using deep water culture.

Drip systems generally refer to systems having one or more drip emitters that drip a mix of water and nutrient solution onto the surface of the grow media, rather than spraying it on or washing it over the roots in larger quantities. Drip systems can be set up using grow containers, where each plant has its own pot to sit in and has its own emitter, or in grow beds, where the plants all share the same root zone area.

Aeroponics is an indoor gardening practice in which plants are grown and nourished by suspending their root structures in air and regularly spraying them with a nutrient and water solution. Soil is not used for aeroponics, because the plants can thrive when their roots are constantly or periodically exposed to a nutrient-rich mist. Aeroponics offers an efficient means to grow plants, including fruits and vegetables, without potting and repotting them to replenish their access to nutrient-rich soil.

Aquaponics generally refers to the combination of aquaculture, i.e., raising fish, and hydroponics to yield a method for growing fish and plants together in one integrated system. In some instances, the fish waste can provide an organic food source for the plants, and the plants can naturally filter the water for the fish. Aquaponics methods may also include the presence of microbes (nitrifying bacteria). These bacteria can convert ammonia from the fish waste first into nitrites, and then into nitrates.

Recognized herein are methods for growing plants from the Cannabaceae family on a substrate, the method comprising: cultivating the plant from the Cannabaceae family on the substrate, wherein the substrate comprises at most <NUM> part volume of a bioceramic composition to <NUM> parts volume of the substrate. The bioceramic composition can comprise an amount of one or more infrared emitting materials, such as for example, kaolinite and tourmaline. In some instances, the bioceramic composition can comprise an amount of kaolinite, tourmaline, and at least one additional oxide. In some cases, the at least one oxide is selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide (SiO<NUM>), aluminum oxide (Al<NUM>O<NUM>), titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>), magnesium oxide (MgO), and zirconium dioxide (ZrO<NUM>).

In some instances, the bioceramic formulations described herein generally comprise from about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % kaolinite (Al<NUM>Si<NUM>O<NUM>(OH)<NUM>), from about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % tourmaline, and at least one additional oxide up to <NUM> wt % of a total weight of the bioceramic composition. In some instances, the bioceramic composition comprises from about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % kaolinite (Al<NUM>Si<NUM>O<NUM>(OH)<NUM>) to about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % tourmaline to about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % aluminum oxide (Al<NUM>O<NUM>) to about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % silicon dioxide (SiO<NUM>); and from about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>); by total weight of the composition. Optionally, the composition may comprise from about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % of magnesium oxide (MgO) or from about <NUM> wt % to about <NUM> wt % zirconium dioxide (ZrO<NUM>).

In some instances, the disclosed bioceramics can be added to a substrate in a volume-to-volume ratio. In some embodiments of the disclosure, a bioceramic composition of the disclosure is mixed at a ratio of at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> part volume substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic composition to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> parts bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume bioceramic to at most <NUM> parts substrate, at most <NUM> part volume 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In some embodiments of the disclosure, a bioceramic composition of the disclosure is mixed at a ratio of from about <NUM> part volume bioceramic to about <NUM> part volume substrate, from about <NUM> part volume bioceramic to about <NUM> parts substrate, from about <NUM> parts bioceramic to about <NUM> parts substrate, from about <NUM> part volume bioceramic to about <NUM> parts substrate, from about <NUM> part volume bioceramic to about <NUM> parts substrate, from about <NUM> part volume bioceramic to about <NUM> parts substrate, from about <NUM> part volume bioceramic to about <NUM> parts substrate, from about <NUM> part volume bioceramic to about <NUM> parts substrate, from about <NUM> part volume bioceramic to about <NUM> parts substrate, from about <NUM> part volume bioceramic to about <NUM> parts substrate, from about <NUM> part volume bioceramic to about <NUM> parts substrate, from about <NUM> part volume bioceramic to about <NUM> parts substrate, from about <NUM> part volume 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to about <NUM> parts substrate, from about <NUM> part volume bioceramic to about <NUM> parts substrate, from about <NUM> part volume bioceramic to about <NUM> parts substrate, from about <NUM> part volume bioceramic to about <NUM> parts substrate, or from about <NUM> part volume bioceramic to about <NUM> parts substrate, or another suitable ratio where the substrate is a soil or a water solvent.

Recognized herein are methods for growing plants from the Cannabaceae family on a substrate, the method comprising: cultivating the plant from the Cannabaceae family on the substrate, wherein the substrate comprises: a) at most <NUM> part of a kaolinite to <NUM> parts of the substrate; and b) at most <NUM> part of a tourmaline to <NUM> parts of the substrate. In some cases, the substrate comprises at most <NUM> part per volume of a kaolinite to <NUM> parts per volume of the substrate, at most <NUM> part per weight of a kaolinite to <NUM> parts per weight of the substrate, at most <NUM> part per weight of a kaolinite to <NUM> parts per volume of the substrate, or at most <NUM> part per volume of a kaolinite to <NUM> parts per weight of a substrate. In some cases, the substrate comprises at most <NUM> part per volume of a tourmaline to <NUM> parts per volume of the substrate, the substrate comprises at most <NUM> part per weight of a tourmaline to <NUM> parts per weight of the substrate, at most <NUM> part per weight of a tourmaline to <NUM> parts per volume of the substrate, or at most <NUM> part per volume of a tourmaline to <NUM> parts per weight of a substrate.

As used herein, the term "tourmaline" retains its meaning known in the mineral and gemstone arts. For example, tourmaline, is a group of isomorphous minerals with an identical crystal lattice. Each member of the tourmaline group has its own chemical formula, due to small differences in their elemental distribution. For example, in some embodiments of the disclosure, the tourmaline has the following generic formula X<NUM>Y<NUM>Al<NUM>(BO<NUM>)<NUM>Si<NUM>O<NUM>(OH)<NUM>, where: X = Na and/or Ca and Y = Mg, Li, Al, and/or Fe<NUM>+, which is represented with the following formula, (Na,Ca)(Mg,Li,Al,Fe<NUM>+)<NUM>Al<NUM>(BO<NUM>)<NUM>Si<NUM>O<NUM>(OH)<NUM>.

In some embodiments of the disclosure, the Al may be replaced by other elements. For example, in Uvite, the Al is partially replaced by Mg which expands the formula to:.

(Na,Ca)(Mg,Li,Al,Fe<NUM>+)<NUM> (Al,Mg,Cr)<NUM>(BO<NUM>)<NUM>Si<NUM>O<NUM>(OH)<NUM>.

In some embodiments of the disclosure, the tourmaline is Buergerite which contains three O atoms and one F atom in place of the OH radical. A Buergerite molecule also contains an Fe atom that is in a <NUM>+ oxidation state which is depicted as:
(Na,Ca)(Mg,Li,Al,Fe<NUM>+,Fe<NUM>+)<NUM>(Al,Mg,Cr)<NUM>(BO<NUM>)<NUM>Si<NUM>O<NUM>(OH,O,F)<NUM>. In other embodiments of the disclosure, the tourmaline is one or more of the following:.

In one embodiment of the disclosure, the bioceramic composition tourmaline that comprises NaFe<NUM>+<NUM>Al<NUM>Si<NUM>O<NUM>(BO<NUM>)<NUM>(OH)<NUM>OH.

Another aspect of the methods and compositions described herein is a bioceramic composition of micrometer particle size. For example, in some embodiments of the disclosure, provided is a bioceramic composition containing a largest dimension of any particle in the bioceramic of from about <NUM> micrometer (µm) to about <NUM> micrometers. In further or additional embodiments of the disclosure, provided is a bioceramic composition that can be formulated into a powder or another product disclosed herein provided that the largest dimension of any particle in the bioceramic is from about <NUM> micrometers to about <NUM> micrometers. In some cases, a bioceramic particle can have a diameter, or cross-sectional area, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or other desired size. In some cases, an inlet can have a cross-sectional diameter of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, or other desired size.

Kaolinite, is a layered silicate mineral comprising oxides. In some cases, various oxides are comprised within the kaolinite. In some cases, a bioceramic composition comprises additional oxides that are not part of the kaolinite. In some embodiments, a bioceramic composition comprises one oxide, two oxides, three oxides, four oxides, five oxides, six oxides, seven oxides, eight oxides, nine oxides, ten oxides, eleven oxides, twelve oxides, or more oxides. In some cases, the additional oxides are highly refractory oxides.

In some embodiments of the disclosure, an oxide of a bioceramic composition of matter of the disclosure has various oxidation states. An oxide of the disclosure has an oxidation number of +<NUM>, +<NUM>, +<NUM>, +<NUM>, +<NUM>, +<NUM>, +<NUM>, or +<NUM>. In some cases a bioceramic composition of the disclosure will have more than one oxide wherein at least one oxide has a different oxidation number as compared to the other oxide. For example, in some cases a bioceramic composition of the disclosure comprises an aluminum oxide (Al<NUM>O<NUM>) with a +<NUM> or a +<NUM> oxidation state, a silicon dioxide (SiO<NUM>) with a +<NUM> oxidation state, and a zirconium oxide (ZrO<NUM>) with a +<NUM> oxidation state.

Non-limiting examples of oxides with +<NUM> oxidation state include: copper(I) oxide (Cu<NUM>O), dicarbon monoxide (C<NUM>O), dichlorine monoxide (Cl<NUM>O), lithium oxide (Li<NUM>O), potassium oxide (K<NUM>O), rubidium oxide (Rb<NUM>O), silver oxide (Ag<NUM>O), thallium(I) oxide (Tl<NUM>O), sodium oxide (Na<NUM>O), or water (Hydrogen oxide) (H<NUM>O).

Non-limiting examples of oxides with +<NUM> oxidation state include: aluminium(II) oxide (AlO), barium oxide (BaO), beryllium oxide (BeO), cadmium oxide (CdO), calcium oxide (CaO), carbon monoxide (CO), chromium(II) oxide (CrO), cobalt(II) oxide (CoO), copper(II) oxide (CuO), iron(II) oxide (FeO), lead(II) oxide (PbO), magnesium oxide (MgO), mercury(II) oxide (HgO), nickel(II) oxide (NiO), nitric oxide (NO), palladium(II) oxide (PdO), strontium oxide (SrO), sulfur monoxide (SO), disulfur dioxide (S<NUM>O<NUM>), tin(II) oxide (SnO), titanium(II) oxide (TiO), vanadium(II) oxide (VO), or zinc oxide (ZnO).

Non-limiting examples of oxides with +<NUM> oxidation states include: aluminium oxide (Al<NUM>O<NUM>), antimony trioxide (Sb<NUM>O<NUM>), arsenic trioxide (As<NUM>O<NUM>), bismuth(III) oxide (Bi<NUM>O<NUM>), boron trioxide (B<NUM>O<NUM>), chromium(III) oxide (Cr<NUM>O<NUM>), dinitrogen trioxide (N<NUM>O<NUM>), erbium(III) oxide (Er<NUM>O<NUM>), gadolinium(III) oxide (Gd<NUM>O<NUM>), gallium(III) oxide (Ga<NUM>O<NUM>), holmium(III) oxide (Ho<NUM>O<NUM>) , indium(III) oxide (In<NUM>O<NUM>), iron(III) oxide (Fe<NUM>O<NUM>), lanthanum oxide (La<NUM>O<NUM>), lutetium(III) oxide (Lu<NUM>O<NUM>), nickel(III) oxide (Ni<NUM>O<NUM>), phosphorus trioxide (P<NUM>O<NUM>), promethium(III) oxide (Pm<NUM>O<NUM>), rhodium(III) oxide (Rh<NUM>O<NUM>), samarium(III) oxide (Sm<NUM>O<NUM>), scandium oxide (Sc<NUM>O<NUM>), terbium(III) oxide (Tb<NUM>O<NUM>), thallium(III) oxide (Tl<NUM>O<NUM>), thulium(III) oxide (Tm<NUM>O<NUM>), titanium(III) oxide (Ti<NUM>O<NUM>), tungsten(III) oxide (W<NUM>O<NUM>), vanadium(III) oxide (V<NUM>O<NUM>), ytterbium(III) oxide (Yb<NUM>O<NUM>), yttrium(III) oxide (Y<NUM>O<NUM>).

Non-limiting examples of oxides with +<NUM> oxidation states include: carbon dioxide (CO<NUM>), carbon trioxide (CO<NUM>), cerium(IV) oxide (CeO<NUM>), chlorine dioxide (ClO<NUM>), chromium(IV) oxide (CrO<NUM>), dinitrogen tetroxide (N<NUM>O<NUM>), germanium dioxide (GeO<NUM>), hafnium(IV) oxide (HfO<NUM>), lead dioxide (PbO<NUM>), manganese dioxide (MnO<NUM>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<NUM>), plutonium(IV) oxide (PuO<NUM>), rhodium(IV) oxide (RhO<NUM>), ruthenium(IV) oxide (RuO<NUM>), selenium dioxide (SeO<NUM>), silicon dioxide (SiO<NUM>), sulfur dioxide (SO<NUM>), tellurium dioxide (TeO<NUM>), thorium dioxide (ThO<NUM>), tin dioxide (SnO<NUM>), titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>), tungsten(IV) oxide (WO<NUM>), uranium dioxide (UO<NUM>), vanadium(IV) oxide (VO<NUM>), or zirconium dioxide (ZrO<NUM>).

Non-limiting examples of oxides with +<NUM> oxidation states include: antimony pentoxide (Sb<NUM>O<NUM>), arsenic pentoxide (As<NUM>O<NUM>), dinitrogen pentoxide (N<NUM>O<NUM>), niobium pentoxide (Nb<NUM>O<NUM>), phosphorus pentoxide (P<NUM>O<NUM>), tantalum pentoxide (Ta<NUM>O<NUM>), or vanadium(V) oxide (V<NUM>O<NUM>). Non-limiting examples of oxides with +<NUM> oxidation states include: chromium trioxide (CrO<NUM>), molybdenum trioxide (MoO<NUM>), rhenium trioxide (ReO<NUM>), selenium trioxide (SeO<NUM>), sulfur trioxide (SO<NUM>), tellurium trioxide (TeO<NUM>), tungsten trioxide (WO<NUM>), uranium trioxide (UO<NUM>), or xenon trioxide (XeO<NUM>).

Non-limiting examples of oxides with +<NUM> oxidation states include: dichlorine heptoxide (Cl<NUM>O<NUM>), manganese heptoxide (Mn<NUM>O<NUM>), rhenium(VII) oxide (Re<NUM>O<NUM>), or technetium(VII) oxide (Tc<NUM>O<NUM>). Non-limiting examples of oxides with +<NUM> oxidation states include: osmium tetroxide (OsO4), ruthenium tetroxide (RuO<NUM>), xenon tetroxide (XeO<NUM>), iridium tetroxide (IrO<NUM>), or hassium tetroxide (HsO<NUM>). Non-limiting examples of oxides with various states of oxidation include antimony tetroxide (Sb<NUM>O<NUM>), cobalt(II,III) oxide (Co<NUM>O<NUM>), iron(II,III) oxide (Fe<NUM>O<NUM>), lead(II,IV) oxide (Pb<NUM>O<NUM>), manganese(II,III) oxide (Mn<NUM>O<NUM>), or silver(I,III) oxide (AgO).

In further or additional embodiments of the disclosure a bioceramic composition of matter of the disclosure further comprises a metal. A metal can be in elemental form, such as a metal atom, or a metal ion. Non-limiting examples of metals include transition metals, main group metals, and metals of Group <NUM>, Group <NUM>, Group <NUM>, Group <NUM>, Group <NUM>, Group <NUM>, Group <NUM>, Group <NUM>, Group <NUM>, Group <NUM>, Group <NUM>, Group <NUM>, and Group <NUM> of the Periodic Table. Non-limiting examples of metal include scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, lanthanum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, tin, lead, and bismuth.

The proportion of minerals and oxides in a bioceramic composition can optionally be altered depending on a number of variables, including, for example, the amount of thermal radiation, more specifically far infrared radiation, to be emitted, or the Cannabaceae plant being cultivated.

Yet another aspect of the methods and compositions described herein is a bioceramic composition that emits, transmits, and/or reflects an infrared wavelength in a substrate. In some embodiments of the disclosure, provided is a bioceramic that absorbs, stores, and/or reflects thermal energy, such as far infrared energy or rays. In some embodiments of the disclosure, provided is a bioceramic that emits, transmits, or reflects an infrared wavelength that is far infrared and that comprises a wavelength from about <NUM> micrometer to about <NUM> millimeter. In further or additional embodiments of the disclosure, provided is a bioceramic composition that emits, transmits, or reflects an infrared wavelength that is from about <NUM> micrometers to about <NUM> micrometers. In further or additional embodiments of the disclosure, described herein is a bioceramic composition that provides a reflectance of the bioceramic at a room temperature of <NUM> is at least <NUM>% in an infrared range between about <NUM> micrometers and about <NUM> micrometers.

In some cases, a bioceramic of the disclosure can provide at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, or at most <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> of far infrared energy or rays to a Cannabaceae plant.

In some cases, a method or bioceramic of the disclosure provides between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM>, between <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> and <NUM> joules/cm<NUM> of far infrared energy or rays to a Cannabaceae plant.

An aspect of the instant disclosure are medicinal formulations comprising at least a portion of the Cannabaceae plant grown with the methods described herein. In some cases, the at least a portion of the Cannabaceae plant comprises a leaf, a flower, a stem, or a seed. In some cases, the plant from the Cannabaceae family is a plant from the Cannabis genus, such as a Cannabis sativa plant, a Cannabis indica plant, or a hybrid plant of two or more Cannabis species.

A pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure can provide a therapeutically-effective amount of one or more cannabinoids. A pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure can provide a combination of natural cannabinoids grown with the methods described herein. The cannabinoids can be a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabinol (CBN), a cannabicyclol (CBL), a cannabichromene (CBC), or another cannabinoid.

The disclosed formulations can comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable agents, which alone or in combination solubilize a compound herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments of the disclosure, a cannabinoid, a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, a leaf, a flower, a stem, or a seed from a plant described herein is present in a formulation in an amount of about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL,about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL,about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL, or about <NUM>/mL to about <NUM>/mL.

In some embodiments of the disclosure, a cannabinoid, a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, a leaf, a flower, a stem, or a seed from a plant described herein is present in a formulation in an amount of about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, about <NUM>/mL, or about <NUM>/mL.

A formulation that is disclosed herein can be made more soluble by the addition of an additive or agent. The improvement of solubility of the formulation can increase by about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>% about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, about <NUM>%, or about <NUM>%.

A formulation disclosed herein can be stable for about <NUM> day, about <NUM> days, about <NUM> days, about <NUM> days, about <NUM> days, about <NUM> days, about <NUM> days, about <NUM> days, about <NUM> days, about <NUM> days, about <NUM> weeks, about <NUM> weeks, about <NUM> weeks, about <NUM> weeks, about <NUM> weeks, about <NUM> weeks, about <NUM> months, about <NUM> months, about <NUM> months, about <NUM> months, about <NUM> months, about <NUM> months, about <NUM> months, about <NUM> months, about <NUM> months, or about one year. A formulation disclosed herein can be stable, for example, at about <NUM>, about <NUM>, about <NUM>, about <NUM>, about <NUM>, about <NUM>, about <NUM>, about <NUM>, about <NUM>, about <NUM>, about <NUM>, about <NUM>, about <NUM>, or about <NUM>.

The following table provides non-limiting examples of medicines that are derived from plants. A bioceramic of the disclosure can be used to grown one or more of these plants:.

The following non-limiting examples serves to further illustrate the present invention.

A kaolinite is obtained by purchasing it from a mining company/supplier. Optionally, the kaolinite is washed with hydrogen peroxide (H<NUM>O<NUM>) and allowed to dry. The dried kaolinite is then finely ground and mixed with tourmaline; aluminum oxide (Al<NUM>O<NUM>); silicon dioxide (SiO<NUM>); and titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>) until a homogeneous mixture is achieved. The resulting bioceramic composition contains <NUM> wt % kaolinite, <NUM> wt % tourmaline, <NUM> wt % aluminum oxide, <NUM> wt % silicon dioxide, and <NUM> wt % titanium dioxide.

Alternatively, the dried kaolinite is finely ground and mixed with tourmaline; aluminum oxide (Al<NUM>O<NUM>); silicon dioxide (SiO<NUM>); and Magnesium oxide (MgO) until a homogeneous mixture is achieved. The resulting bioceramic composition contains <NUM> wt % kaolinite, <NUM> wt % tourmaline, <NUM> wt % aluminum oxide, <NUM> wt % silicon dioxide, and <NUM> wt % magnesium oxide.

In yet another embodiment of the disclosure, the dried kaolinite is finely ground and mixed with tourmaline; aluminum oxide (Al<NUM>O<NUM>); silicon dioxide (SiO<NUM>); and zirconium dioxide (ZrO<NUM>) until a homogeneous mixture is achieved. The resulting bioceramic composition contains <NUM> wt % kaolinite, <NUM> wt % tourmaline, <NUM> wt % aluminum oxide, <NUM> wt % silicon dioxide, and <NUM> wt % zirconium oxide.

A bioceramic composition was also synthesized. The resulting bioceramic contains any composition described herein, including:.

A bioceramic of the disclosure is a refractory, inorganic, polycrystalline composition that can be reduced to powdered format by grinding, crushing, or another suitable method. In powder form, a bioceramic is added to a substrate used in the growth of the plant.

Select plants are evaluated over a <NUM> to <NUM> month growth cycle while exposed to the disclosed bioceramics. Two sample groups will have the bioceramic mixed into the soil at two different stages of the growth cycle of the plant. Two additional groups will receive a placebo treatment (standard treatment) and a group will be exposed to bioceramic treated water. These plants will be evaluated for growth, growth rate, and critical biochemical markers.

<NUM> plants will begin the growth cycle at the earliest stage. The <NUM> well plant starter will be divided into the following quadrants: <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>. The table below summarizes how the plants will be processed. TABLE <NUM> summarizes how the plants will be processed.

For the <NUM>% volume mixture a unit measure of volume is to be used and one unit will be mixed with <NUM> units of soil. It is expected that the bioceramic, because of its higher density, will settle to the bottom, thus mixing will be conduct to suspend as best can be accomplished.

To create the treated water system, approximately <NUM> pounds of bioceramic will be placed into the bottom of a <NUM> gallon plastic drum in which water is deposited. Efforts will be made to insure water circulation to the sediment bed in the bottom of the drum. A circulation system will be used to continually infuse water through the bed for <NUM> hours before watering. This tank will be isolated and used only for this evaluation. Each treatment will be replenished every <NUM> days.

<FIG> illustrates two substrate systems used in this example. <FIG>, Panel A illustrates a soil substrate comprising about <NUM> part volume of a bioceramic to about <NUM> parts volume of the substrate. <FIG>, Panel B illustrates a water substrate comprising about <NUM> part volume of a bioceramic to about <NUM> parts volume of the substrate.

All other conditions; watering frequency, lighting, and others will be normalized to standard procedures. The plants will be of the same strain limiting variations due to plant variations. Microbial and Chemical analysis will be conducted using standard lab procedures. <FIG> illustrates an overhead picture of a population of Cannabis indica clones.

Purpose: <NUM> "Dark Star" cannabis plants are being transplanted from one gallon nursery pots (not comprising bioceramics), into seven-gallon nursery pots (comprising bioceramics). The one gallon nursery pots containing the <NUM> plants have not yet been introduced to the disclosed bioceramics in the soil. Six plants will be chosen at random to receive the bioceramic in the soil, at a rate of <NUM>%, while six different plants will serve as the controls and be planted in plain organic soil.

These plants will be grown in the same room right next to each other. For a period of about <NUM> to <NUM> days these plants will be under <NUM> hours of light, continuing their vegetative state. Thereafter, the plants will be switched to a <NUM> hours light cycle on, <NUM> hours light cycle off, initiating their blooming phase. From this moment until harvest the plants will receive a mixture of nutrients and bioceramic infused reverse osmosis water. <FIG> illustrates an overhead picture of young Cannabis indica clones transplanted into soil as described above. The three clones illustrated on the right side of the picture are grown in soil comprising the bioceramics described herein (see, e.g., whitish soil color). The three clones illustrated on the left side of the picture are grown in soil without the instant bioceramics. <FIG> illustrates a side-by-side comparison of two clones grown under different conditions. The clone on the right was transplanted and grown on soil comprising the disclosed bioceramics, the clone on the left was grown on soil that did not have the disclosed bioceramics.

Method: Organic soil and bioceramics will be mixed using a medium size Rubbermaid container, and mixing will be done by hand for several minutes ensuring a complete and thorough mixture is achieved. Roughly <NUM> cups of soil will be mixed with eight cups of bioceramic powder. After a couple minutes, the mixture is ready for use and set aside. From <NUM> "Dark Star" cannabis plants, six are chosen at random to be transplanted into bio-ceramic soil. All plants are healthy, green, bug and pathogen free. Four scoops of BC/Soil are put into the bottom of the pot. Plants are pruned up, then put into the seven-gallon container. The root ball is then surrounded with more BC/Soil, top dressed in Sumatran Bat Guano, then filled with more soil. Plants are then watered (plain Reverse Osmosis water) after transplanting is complete. Plants will be kept in <NUM> hours of light for roughly <NUM> days before the light cycle is changed to <NUM> hours. Plants will be watered as all other plants, with reverse osmosis water and organic fertilizer.

Purpose: to transfer clones from mature vegetative cannabis plants and introducing bioceramic to these clones. This experiment aims to determining the effect of the disclosed bioceramic in the developmental stage where clones begin to root and become plantings.

Method: <NUM> clones from <NUM> different strains (flavors/genetics) of cannabis, for a total of <NUM> clones/immature plants were cut. Clones were placed in <NUM>" X <NUM>" white propagation trays holding <NUM> clones a piece. The peat moss cloning cubes used were re-hydrated in water before being used by soaking the peat moss cubes in a mixture of <NUM>% bioceramic and <NUM>% water. Branches are then selected from a mature plant, cut, dipped in a gel, and placed in the cubes. Cubes sit in a <NUM>-cell tray which fits inside of the <NUM>" X <NUM>" propagation tray. A total of two trays were used to house the <NUM> clones. Two cups of bioceramic were put in the bottom of each tray, and then filled with six cups of Reverse Osmosis water. The propagation trays is kept under fluorescent lights and on top of heat mats, keeping the cubes between <NUM>-<NUM> degrees Fahrenheit. Several clones from the same plants and strains were cut and used as controls (not exposed to a bioceramic).

Objective: to evaluate the effect of BioPower® on the growth of hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa Cannabis).

Methods: experiments were conducted with lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivated in a hydroponic system. Control group was cultivated following standard hydroponics methodology. Experimental group (bioceramics) was treated with bioceramic pellets (<NUM>% bioceramic, <NUM>% polystyrene-polypropylene - <NUM> pound) placed inside the water pump. The lettuce was cultivated for <NUM> weeks and collected for analyses.

Results: the results indicate that lettuce that received water treated with bioceramics weighted more and presented more leaves in comparison to control group. <FIG> are graphs illustrating the effect of adding bioceramic to a water treatment in a hydroponic system. n = <NUM>, the vertical lines indicate the S. * p < <NUM>.

Electrical conductivity (EC) (displayed in microsiemens (µS)) is a measurement of the nutrient solutions ability to conduct an electrical current. Pure water (deionized water) is an insulator. It is the conductive substances (or ionized salts) dissolved in the water that determine how conductive the solution is. With few exceptions, when there is a greater concentration of nutrients, the electrical current will flow faster, and when there is a lower concentration, the current will flow slower. This is because the quantity of dissolved solids in the nutrient solution is directly proportional to the conductivity. Thus, by measuring the EC, one can determine how strong or weak the concentration of the nutrient solution is. In this case, a lower electrical conductivity in the experimental group (BioPower group) denotes a lower concentration of nutrients in the solution, which may suggest that BioPower treated plants absorbed more nutrients than control groups plants. <FIG> is a graph illustrating the lower electrical conductivity of water treated with bioceramics presented from day <NUM> to <NUM> in comparison to control group (water only). <FIG> are photographs showing the lettuce at the start of treatment - <NUM>st day in the system (<FIG> panel A); the lettuce after the first week of treatment (<FIG> panel B); the lettuce after the third week of treatment (<FIG> panel C); and a photograph of the bioceramic pellets used in the experiment (<FIG>).

Objective: to compare the infrared transmittance of a bioceramic of the instant disclosure (comprising <NUM> % aluminium oxide, <NUM> % silicon dioxide, <NUM> % kaolinite, <NUM>% zirconium oxide, and <NUM>% tourmaline) to a distinct bioceramic composition (comprising <NUM> % aluminum, <NUM>% titanium, <NUM>% magnesium oxide, <NUM>% diiron trioxide, and <NUM>% silica).

Methods: the infrared transmittance of powdered samples (particle size = about <NUM> micrometers) of the bioceramic powders was taken using a Bruker spectrometer (Model Spectrum VERTEX <NUM>, OPUS <NUM> software). Transmittance (%) ratings were determined with a resolution of <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM> scans at a scan range from <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates the infrared transmittance of a bioceramic composition of the instant disclosure comprising <NUM> % Aluminium oxide, <NUM> % silicon dioxide, <NUM> % kaolinite, <NUM>% zirconium oxide, and <NUM>% tourmaline. <FIG> illustrates the infrared transmittance of a bioceramic composition comprising <NUM> % aluminum, <NUM>% titanium, <NUM>% magnesium oxide, <NUM>% diiron trioxide, and <NUM>% silica.

Claim 1:
A method of growing a plant from the Cannabaceae family on a soil substrate, the method comprising: cultivating the plant from the Cannabaceae family on the soil substrate, wherein the soil substrate comprises:
from about <NUM> part per volume bioceramic composition to about <NUM> parts per volume of the soil substrate to about <NUM> part per volume bioceramic composition to about <NUM> parts per volume of the soil substrate; and
wherein the bioceramic composition comprises kaolinite, tourmaline, and at least one oxide selected from silicon dioxide (SiO<NUM>), aluminum oxide (Al<NUM>O<NUM>), titanium dioxide (TiO<NUM>), magnesium oxide (MgO), and zirconium dioxide (ZrO<NUM>).