Patent Description:
Some cargo that is transported by vehicles is required to be stored in a controlled environment. Examples of this type of cargo includes but is not limited to perishable items such as medicine and food. The cargo is shipped within the controlled environment to ensure it does not spoil or otherwise become damaged. For example, various food items may spoil if exposed to temperatures above or below an operational range.

Existing solutions are not effective in monitoring the environment of the cargo while being transported by a vehicle. Some vehicles are not equipped with systems to monitor the environment of a cargo hold. The environmental conditions to which the cargo is exposed is unknown. This prevents an accurate determination of whether the cargo has spoiled. Other systems only provide for limited monitoring, such as when the cargo is being loaded and unloaded from the vehicle. The monitoring is thus limited and the environment of the cargo hold during the transport is not known.

Other systems have been implemented that include relatively cumbersome equipment that is attached or otherwise associated with the cargo. This equipment can make loading and unloading the cargo more difficult and/or time consuming. Also, this equipment can make it more difficult to efficiently load the cargo into the cargo hold thus costing the vehicle operator as less cargo is moved by the vehicle. The equipment is further limited to controlling the environment of the cargo to which it is attached. This equipment can be expensive and has limited applicability.

<CIT>, in accordance with its abstract, states "A monitoring system and method of monitoring cargo on a vehicle during transport. The monitoring includes determining the location of the cargo that is loaded on the vehicle and monitoring one or more environmental conditions of the vehicle where the cargo is located. The monitoring system includes a control unit that receives signals from sensors that are located where the cargo is stored. Based on the signals from the sensors, the control unit is configured to determine the location and the one or more environmental conditions.

<CIT>, in accordance with its abstract, states "A system for monitoring an aircraft interior may include a multiplicity of sensors each placed at a selected location of a plurality of locations within the aircraft interior. Each sensor is configured to monitor a condition in an associated area of the aircraft interior. The system may also include a server onboard the aircraft. The onboard server is configured to receive data from each of the multiplicity of sensors and to control operation of each of the multiplicity of sensors. The system may also include a router onboard the aircraft. The onboard router is configured to communicate with a router off-board the aircraft and to transfer data from the onboard server to the off-board router. The off-board router is associated with a ground monitoring facility that is configured to analyze data from each of the multiplicity of sensors, check or compare the data to reference data and depending upon any levels being exceeded an appropriate alert may be generated.

<CIT>, in accordance with its abstract, states "Relevance determination of sensor event is disclosed. An apparatus obtains a sensor event created on the basis of sensor data generated by one or more sensors, determines relevance of the sensor event, and if the relevance of the sensor event fulfils a predetermined relevance condition, outputs, with the output interface, the sensor event according to its determined relevance.

There is described herein a vehicle comprising: a cargo hold; a shipping unit; cargo packages; first sensors mounted to the shipping unit or the cargo hold, the first sensors configured to sense an environmental condition of a general area within the cargo hold; second sensors mounted to cargo packages that are supported by one of the shipping units, each of the second sensors configured to sense the environmental condition where the cargo package is located in the cargo hold; a control unit comprising processing circuitry and wirelessly connected to the first and second sensors, wherein the control unit is configured to: based on first signals from the first sensors, determine the environmental condition within two or more of the general areas within the cargo hold; determine that the environmental condition at a first one of the general areas is outside an operational range; and based on second signals from the second sensors that are located in the first one of the general areas, confirm that the environmental condition is outside of the operational range.

One example is directed to a system to monitor cargo in a cargo hold of a vehicle. The system comprises a communication network connected to the control unit and comprising wireless access points configured to be spaced apart in the cargo hold of the vehicle. Sensors are configured to be positioned in the cargo hold and to sense an environmental condition of the cargo hold. The sensors are configured to wirelessly transmit signals indicative of the environmental condition to one or more of the wireless access points. A control unit is connected to the communication network and comprises processing circuitry. The control unit is configured to: receive the signals from the sensors through the wireless communication network; based on the signals, determine cargo data comprising a location of the cargo within the cargo hold, the environmental condition in the cargo hold, and transmit the cargo data determined from the signals to a remote monitoring wireless access point.

The control unit may be further configured to, based on the signals, determine that the environmental condition is outside of an operational range for the cargo.

The sensors may comprise macro sensors that sense the environmental condition within a large area of the cargo hold, and micro sensors that sense the environmental condition within just a subsection of the large area.

The control unit may be further configured to query the sensors to transmit the signals indicative of the environmental condition.

The control unit may be configured to perform triangulation of the signals received from the sensors and determine the location of a cargo package that is positioned in the cargo hold.

The communication network may comprise access points configured to wirelessly receive the signals from the sensors, and gateways positioned between the access points to route the signals towards the control unit.

The environmental conditions may comprise a temperature in the cargo hold.

The sensors may be further configured to sense movement of the cargo while the cargo is positioned in the cargo hold.

An example is directed to a system to monitor cargo in a cargo hold of a vehicle. The system comprises first sensors mounted to a shipping unit or the cargo hold with the first sensors configured to sense an environmental condition of a general area within the cargo hold. Second sensors are mounted to cargo packages that are supported by one of the shipping units with each of the second sensors configured to sense the environmental condition where the cargo package is located in the cargo hold. A control unit comprises processing circuitry and is wirelessly connected to the first and second sensors. The control unit is configured to: based on first signals from the first sensors determine the environmental condition within two or more of the general areas within the cargo hold; determine that the environmental condition at a first one of the general areas is outside an operational range; based on second signals from the second sensors that are located in the first one of the general areas, confirm that the environmental condition is outside of the operational range; and in response to confirming the environmental condition is outside the operational range, adjust an operational control of the vehicle.

The control unit may be further configured to determine that the one environmental condition is not outside of the operational range after adjusting the operational control of the vehicle.

Aa communication network may extend within the cargo hold with the communication network comprising wireless access points that receive the first and second signals and a signal path to transmit the first and second signals to the control unit.

The control unit may be configured to determine the locations of the cargo packages in the cargo hold based on the second signals from the second sensors.

The first sensors may be configured to periodically transmit the first signals to the control unit and the second sensors are configured to transmit the second signals after receiving a request from the control unit.

The control unit maybe configured to determine that the environmental condition at the first one of the general areas is outside the operational range based on just the first signals from the first sensors and prior to receiving the second signals from the second sensors.

The control unit may be further configured to determine movement of the cargo packages in the cargo hold based on just the second signals.

An example is directed to a method of monitoring cargo in a cargo hold of a vehicle. The method comprises: receiving signals from first sensors and second sensors that are positioned within the cargo hold; based on the signals from the first sensors determining an environmental condition within a plurality of general areas within the cargo hold; based on the signals from the first sensors determining that the environmental condition is outside of an operational range in one of the general areas; based on the signals from the second sensors confirming that the environmental condition is outside of the operational range in the one general area; determining which of the cargo is positioned in the one general area wherein the environmental condition is outside of the operational range; and adjusting an operational control of the vehicle to change the environmental condition within the one general area.

The method may further comprise: receiving the first signals; determining that the environmental condition is outside of the operational range within the one general area based on the first signals; and after determining the environmental condition is outside of the operational range, receiving the second signals.

The method may further comprise determining the position of the cargo in the cargo hold based on the signals from the second sensors.

The method may further comprise the first sensors periodically transmitting the first signals to the control unit and the second sensors transmitting the second signals after receiving a request.

The method may further comprise transmitting a signal that the environmental condition is outside of the operational range in the one general area to a remote monitoring wireless access point while the vehicle is in flight.

The features, functions and advantages that have been discussed can be achieved independently in various examples or may be combined in yet other examples, further details of which can be seen with reference to the following description and the drawings.

The present application is directed to monitoring systems and methods of monitoring cargo on a vehicle during transport. The monitoring includes determining the location of the cargo that is loaded on the vehicle and monitoring one or more environmental conditions of the vehicle where the cargo is located.

<FIG> illustrates a vehicle <NUM> that is used to transport cargo. For purposes of explanation, this application uses an aircraft as an example of a vehicle <NUM>. The monitoring system can also be used with other types of vehicles <NUM>. As illustrated in <FIG>, the aircraft <NUM> includes a fuselage <NUM> configured to hold cargo. One or more doors <NUM> lead into a cargo hold <NUM> formed within the interior of the fuselage <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates a sectional view of the fuselage <NUM> that includes the cargo hold <NUM>.

The cargo hold <NUM> is enclosed within the fuselage <NUM>. The cargo hold <NUM> includes outer walls <NUM> that include one or more of a floor, ceiling, and side walls. The walls <NUM> can be formed by the interior of the walls of the fuselage <NUM>, or can be separate components that are positioned within the interior of the fuselage <NUM>. The cargo hold <NUM> can include various shapes and sizes to hold a wide variety of cargo. The cargo hold <NUM> can be divided into smaller sections as needed. In some examples, the cargo hold <NUM> divided into two lateral sections including a starboard section and a port section. The sections can also be divided along the length of the aircraft <NUM>. <FIG> illustrates a side schematic view of the fuselage <NUM> with the wings removed for clarity. The cargo hold <NUM> is divided by walls <NUM> in various sections along the length including a forward cargo section 110f and an aft cargo section 110a.

The cargo <NUM> can be in various configurations when being transported by the vehicle <NUM>. <FIG> illustrates cargo <NUM> positioned in the cargo hold <NUM>. The cargo <NUM> includes individual packages <NUM> that are loaded on shipping units <NUM>. The packages <NUM> include the goods themselves that are wrapped or otherwise placed in boxes or bags. The shipping units <NUM> are configured to hold two or more of the packages <NUM>. The shipping units <NUM> include a base and can include one or more walls. Examples of shipping units <NUM> include various Unit Load Devices (ULD) such as but not limited to pallets, crates, and refrigeration units.

A heating/cooling (HVAC) system <NUM> provides for maintaining the cargo hold <NUM> at a desired temperature. The HVAC system <NUM> can include various vents and air moving devices to provide heated air or cooled air to the cargo hold <NUM>. The HVAC system <NUM> can be a separate system used for just the cargo hold <NUM> or can be part of a larger ventilation system that also provides for heating and cooling the cabin area <NUM>. In addition to controlling the temperature, the HVAC system <NUM> can also be configured to control other environmental conditions of the cargo hold <NUM> such as the humidity levels.

A monitoring system <NUM> is configured to monitor the status of cargo <NUM> in the cargo hold <NUM>. This includes the location of the cargo <NUM> and one or more environmental conditions of the cargo hold <NUM>. <FIG> illustrates a monitoring system <NUM> that include a control unit <NUM> that is connected to a network <NUM>. The network <NUM> includes wireless access points <NUM> that receive signals from sensors <NUM> that sense conditions of the cargo <NUM> and a signal path that forwards the signals to the control unit <NUM>. The network <NUM> can be a local area network (LAN) that communicatively interconnects the control unit <NUM> with the wireless access points <NUM>. The connections between these components may be wireless and/or hardwired but, in one examples, the LAN comprises one or more routers and switches (and any other devices needed) configured to direct data and information between the components.

The wireless access points <NUM> form access points for receiving signals from sensors <NUM> that are associated with the cargo <NUM>. In some examples, the wireless access points <NUM> are receivers that receive the wireless signals from the sensors <NUM>. For example, the wireless access points <NUM> provide wireless communications through one or more of BLUETOOTH, WiFi, or Light Fidelty (LiFi) signaling. In some examples, the network <NUM> includes each of the wireless access points <NUM> being the same (e.g., each wireless access point is a WiFi wireless access point). In some other examples, different wireless access points provide for different signaling techniques.

In some example, one or more of the wireless access points <NUM> include gateways that consolidate data from one or more of the sensors <NUM>. The gateways can also function as bridges to connect the sensors <NUM> to the control unit <NUM> and can act both as routers and wireless access points.

The network <NUM> can have various configurations. In some examples, the network <NUM> includes the wireless access points <NUM> functioning as routers that pass data along to other wireless access points <NUM>. In some other examples, the network <NUM> has a star topology in which the wireless access points <NUM> are directly connected to a central hub or gateway which then relays messages to/from the control unit <NUM>.

The network <NUM> can provide for one-way communication in which the sensors <NUM> transmit signals about the cargo which moves along the network <NUM> in a first direction to the control unit <NUM>. The network <NUM> can also be configured to provide for two-way communication in which the control unit <NUM> is able to send signals to the wireless access points <NUM> and/or sensors <NUM>. For example, the control unit <NUM> can query one or more of the wireless access points <NUM> and/or sensors <NUM> for sensed data.

In some examples, the network <NUM> is a separate system for use in monitoring the cargo <NUM>. <FIG> illustrates this type of network <NUM> that extends just through the cargo hold <NUM>. Wireless access points <NUM> are positioned throughout the cargo hold <NUM>. The network <NUM> can also be incorporated with one or more other networks <NUM> in the aircraft <NUM>. In some examples, the network <NUM> is configured to provide WiFi accessibility to the passengers while traveling in the cabin area <NUM>. In some examples, the wireless access points <NUM> within the cabin area <NUM> service the passengers and the wireless access points <NUM> in the cargo hold <NUM> monitor the cargo <NUM>. In a shared network, one or more of the wireless access points <NUM> in the cabin area <NUM> can also receive and/or send signals to/from the sensors <NUM> in the cargo hold <NUM> and supplement the overall monitoring system <NUM>. In some other examples, the monitoring system <NUM> just includes the network <NUM> in the cabin area <NUM> which receives signals from the sensors <NUM> located in the cargo hold <NUM>. In the various arrangements, the network <NUM> can provide for one-way or two-way communications.

The control unit <NUM> monitors the status of the cargo <NUM> in the cargo hold <NUM>. As illustrated in <FIG>, the control unit <NUM> includes processing circuitry <NUM> and memory circuitry <NUM>. The processing circuitry <NUM> controls overall operation of the monitoring system <NUM> according to program instructions stored in the memory circuitry <NUM>. The processing circuitry <NUM> includes one or more circuits, microcontrollers, microprocessors, hardware, or a combination thereof. Memory circuitry <NUM> includes a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing program instructions, such as a computer program product, that configures the processing circuitry <NUM> to implement one or more of the techniques discussed herein. Memory circuitry <NUM> can include various memory devices such as, for example, read-only memory, and flash memory. Memory circuitry <NUM> can be a separate component as illustrated in <FIG> or can be incorporated with the processing circuitry <NUM>. Alternatively, the processing circuitry <NUM> can omit the memory circuitry <NUM>, e.g., according to at least some examples in which the processing circuitry <NUM> is dedicated and non-programmable.

The communications circuitry <NUM> is configured to receive signals through the network <NUM> from the sensors <NUM>. In some examples, the communications circuitry <NUM> includes an interface configured to communicate with the network <NUM>, e.g., via a wireless access point. In some examples, the interface operates according to the <NUM> family of standards, which is commonly known as a WiFi interface. The communication circuitry <NUM> can also configured to communication with a flight control system <NUM> that oversees operation of the aircraft <NUM>. This communication circuitry <NUM> can also provide for communication with the HVAC system <NUM>, either directly or through the flight control system <NUM>.

The communication circuitry <NUM> is further configured to communicate with a remote monitoring node <NUM>. This includes communications when the aircraft <NUM> is on the ground as well as when in flight. In some examples, the communication circuitry <NUM> includes a satellite module <NUM> configured to communicate content through one or more antennas <NUM> to satellites <NUM>. In some other examples, however, the communication circuitry <NUM> includes a cellular modem that provides cellular connectivity to the one or more remote sources <NUM>. In these cases, the communication circuitry <NUM> is configured to send and receive signals via a cellular network. In some other examples, the communication circuitry <NUM> is configured to communicate with the flight control system <NUM> which then provides for the external communication to the remote monitoring node <NUM>.

A user interface <NUM> provides for a user on the vehicle <NUM> to access information about the cargo <NUM>. The user interface <NUM> can include one or more input devices <NUM> such as but not limited to a keypad, touchpad, roller ball, and joystick to allow for commands to be entered to the processing circuitry <NUM>. The user interface <NUM> can also include one or more displays <NUM> for displaying information to the user. The information at the control unit <NUM> can be stored in a database <NUM>. The database <NUM> can be separate from the control unit <NUM> as illustrated in <FIG>, or can be incorporated with the control unit <NUM>.

The sensors <NUM> sense one or more conditions of the cargo hold <NUM>. This can include various environmental conditions of the cargo hold <NUM>. Examples of environmental conditions include but are not limited to temperature, humidity, pressure, and UV exposure. This can also include movement of the cargo <NUM>, such as but not limited to vibration and an orientation of the cargo <NUM> (e.g., upright, inverted, angled).

The sensors <NUM> are wireless devices that produce outputs, such as electrical signals, that are transferred to the wireless access points <NUM> of the network <NUM>. The sensors <NUM> can include various components to detect the various conditions in different manners including but not limited to inductive, ultrasonic, infrared, microwave, laser, pulse radar, and RF. In some examples, the sensors <NUM> include accelerometers, gyroscopes, and piezoelectric sensors. In some examples, the sensors <NUM> are light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors.

The sensors <NUM> are configured to communicate with the wireless access points <NUM> in various manners, including but not limited to one or more of WiFi, Bluetooth, and Near Field Communication (NFC).

The sensors <NUM> are arranged at different granularities within the cargo hold <NUM>. One or more of the sensors <NUM> sense larger, macro-level conditions of relatively large areas of the cargo hold <NUM>. In some examples, a macro sensor <NUM> detects one or more environmental conditions of an enclosed section of the cargo hold <NUM> (e.g., section <NUM> or section <NUM> p as illustrated in <FIG>). Some other examples include a first sensor <NUM> that senses a first relatively large forward area of an enlarged cargo hold <NUM> and a second sensor <NUM> that senses a rear area of the enlarged cargo hold <NUM>. One or more sensors <NUM> detect smaller, micro-level conditions within the larger macro-level areas. For example, micro sensors <NUM> detect different smaller sub-sections of the large forward area of the enlarged cargo hold. The micro and macro sensors <NUM> can use the same or different sensing technologies.

<FIG> illustrates an example of macro and micro sensors <NUM> positioned in the cargo hold <NUM>. The macro sensors 60a are positioned on the shipping units <NUM>, and walls <NUM>, <NUM> of the cargo hold <NUM>. These macro sensors 60a detect conditions of a larger area of the cargo hold <NUM>. Micro sensors 60b are attached to the individual packages <NUM> to sense the condition immediately at the packages <NUM>. The micro sensors 60b detect more specific locations and/or subareas within the cargo hold <NUM> than the macro sensors 60a.

The division between macro-level and micro-level sensing can facilitate limiting an amount of signals that are sent to the control unit <NUM>. For example, the control unit <NUM> can initially use signals from just the macro sensors 60a to monitor the cargo <NUM>. Upon an indication of an issue, the control unit <NUM> can then use signals from one or more of the micro sensors 60b to confirm and or determine a scope of a potentially problematic condition.

In some examples, each of the sensors <NUM> are the same. The micro sensors <NUM> are attached to the individual packages <NUM> and thus are able to sense more specific aspects of the area where the packages <NUM> are positioned in the cargo hold <NUM>. The macro sensors <NUM> are positioned away from the individual packages <NUM> and thus sense more general conditions about the larger environment of the cargo hold <NUM>. In some other examples, the macro sensors <NUM> sense a different condition than the micro sensors <NUM>. For example, the macro sensors <NUM> are configured to sense an environmental condition and the micro sensors <NUM> are configured to determine a location of the package <NUM> to which it is attached.

In some examples, each of the packages <NUM> on a shipping unit <NUM> include a micro sensor 60b. In some other examples, just a limited number of packages <NUM> include a micro sensor 60b. For example, just the packages <NUM> on the exterior of the shipping unit <NUM> include micro sensors 60b. These outer packages <NUM> can be exposed to more drastic changes in environmental conditions (e.g., temperature) and thus are equipped with sensors <NUM>. The interior packages <NUM> do not include micro sensors 60b and the sensed conditions from the one or more micro sensors 60b attached to other packages <NUM> on the shipping unit <NUM> are used for data for these packages <NUM>.

In some examples in which multiple packages <NUM> are packaged within the interior space of an enclosed shipping unit <NUM>, such as an enclosed container or a refrigeration container, a limited number of packages <NUM> are equipped with micro sensors <NUM>. This is because the environment of the interior space of the container <NUM> is equal and a limited number of sensors <NUM> are necessary to sense the one or more environment conditions. In some examples, just a single package <NUM> is equipped with a micro sensor 60b for an enclosed container.

One or more sensors <NUM> can be positioned to sense the cargo <NUM> during loading and unloading onto and from the vehicle <NUM>. In some examples, one or more sensors <NUM> are positioned at doors <NUM> in the fuselage <NUM> that lead into the cargo hold <NUM>. Sensors <NUM> can also be configured to be portable by a person that is loading/unloading the vehicle <NUM>. These sensors <NUM> can be manually operated by the person. The manual sensors <NUM> can be configured to be operated by the person while positioned within the cargo hold <NUM>, as well as outside of the cargo hold <NUM> and in proximity to the vehicle <NUM> such as on the ground during loading and unloading.

The monitoring system <NUM> is configured to monitor the location of the cargo <NUM>. <FIG> illustrates an example of a method of monitoring the cargo <NUM>. The control unit <NUM> receives a signal from one or more sensors <NUM> that are attached to the cargo <NUM> (block <NUM>). The control unit <NUM> receives the signal and determines the location of the cargo <NUM>. The location is determined based on the location of the one or more wireless access points <NUM> and/or location data from the sensor <NUM>. In some examples, the signal occurs during loading of the cargo <NUM>, such as by a manual sensor <NUM> that senses the cargo <NUM> while still on the ground. Some other examples include the signal received by a wireless access point <NUM> within the vehicle <NUM> while the cargo <NUM> is being moved in the cargo hold <NUM>.

In some examples, the location of the cargo <NUM> is based on the location of the one or more wireless access points <NUM> that receive the signals. In some other examples, the sensors <NUM> are equipped with location detection circuitry, such as GPS circuitry. The sensors <NUM> transmit this location data to the wireless access points <NUM> which is then used by the control unit <NUM> to determine the location of the cargo <NUM>.

The control unit <NUM> determines the travel position which is the location of the cargo <NUM> within the cargo hold <NUM> (block <NUM>). This is the location where the cargo <NUM> is located during the transportation (e.g., flight, land shipping). In some examples, the control unit <NUM> determines this position based on receiving the signal after the cargo hold <NUM> has been loaded. In some other examples, the control unit <NUM> determines the position based on the location of the one or more wireless access points <NUM> receiving a signal from the cargo <NUM>. In some other examples, the control unit <NUM> determines the position based on receiving multiple signals from the sensor <NUM> at different times indicating that the cargo <NUM> is no longer being moved in the cargo hold <NUM>. In some examples, the control unit <NUM> receives signals from multiple sensors <NUM> and performs triangulation calculations to determine the location of the cargo <NUM> in the cargo hold <NUM>. In some examples, the control unit <NUM> determines the locations of the cargo <NUM> in the cargo hold <NUM> based on just signals from the micro sensors <NUM>.

After the flight has been completed, the control unit <NUM> monitors the location during unloading of the cargo <NUM> (block <NUM>). One or more signals are received from the micro sensors <NUM> on the cargo <NUM> as the cargo <NUM> exits the cargo hold <NUM> through one of the doors <NUM> and is moved along the ground.

The control unit <NUM> further monitors the environment of the cargo <NUM> while onboard the vehicle <NUM>. <FIG> illustrates a method of monitoring the cargo <NUM> at its travel position in the cargo hold <NUM>. Initially, the control unit <NUM> determines one or more environmental conditions about the cargo hold <NUM> (block <NUM>). The initial environmental conditions can be determined at various times, including but not limited to when the cargo <NUM> is initially placed in its travel position, when loading is completed and the cargo hold <NUM> is secured, and once the vehicle <NUM> begins movement. The control unit <NUM> determines the one or more environmental conditions based on the signals from one or more sensors <NUM> associated with the cargo <NUM>.

The control unit <NUM> receives periodic signals regarding the environmental conditions to monitor the status of the cargo <NUM> (block <NUM>). In some examples, the sensors <NUM> are configured to periodically transmit signals. In some other examples, the control unit <NUM> periodically queries the sensors <NUM>. The control unit <NUM> determines whether the one or more environmental conditions are in an operational range (block <NUM>). The operational range for the environmental conditions is the conditions at which the cargo <NUM> can be exposed without sustaining damage. For example, cargo <NUM> can have an operational range of temperatures in which they can be exposed during flight. The operational range can be provided in various manners including but not limited to by the owner of the cargo <NUM>, determined based on the type of cargo, and based on a default setting stored at the control unit <NUM> for the cargo hold <NUM> (e.g., the cargo hold <NUM> is maintained within a temperature range of <NUM>° F-<NUM>° F (<NUM>° C-<NUM> C) during flight).

When the environmental conditions are within the operational range, the control unit <NUM> continues to monitor the cargo <NUM>. If one or more of the environmental conditions are outside of the operational range, the control unit <NUM> adjusts one or more environmental controls of the cargo hold <NUM> (block <NUM>). For example, the control unit <NUM> can adjust the HVAC system <NUM> to raise or lower the temperature where the cargo <NUM> is located.

After adjustment, the control unit <NUM> can more closely monitor the one or more environmental conditions that are outside the range. For example, the control unit <NUM> increases the frequency of monitoring the environmental condition. The control unit <NUM> can also signal the flight control system <NUM> which notifies the pilot or other personnel operating the vehicle <NUM> of the issue. Additionally or alternatively, the control unit <NUM> signals the remote monitoring node <NUM> about the issue.

In the event that the environmental condition returns to within the operational range, the control unit <NUM> resumes normal monitoring. If the environmental condition remains outside the range after a predetermined time period, the control unit <NUM> signals an alarm to the flight control system <NUM> and/or the remote monitoring node <NUM> for corrective action to be taken as necessary.

The micro and macro level sensing can be used to limit or minimize signals that are sent and processed through the monitoring system <NUM>. <FIG> illustrates one method in which the control unit <NUM> receives signals from the macro-level sensors <NUM> (block <NUM>). These sensors <NUM> sense more general conditions about the cargo <NUM> and/or the cargo hold <NUM>. <FIG> illustrates a method that monitors a single environmental condition, although additional environmental conditions can be monitored in a similar manner.

The control unit <NUM> determines if the sensed environmental condition is within the operational range (block <NUM>). If the environmental condition is within the operational range, the control unit <NUM> continues to monitor the cargo <NUM> at the macro level. If the environmental condition is outside the operational range, the control unit <NUM> determines the location within the cargo hold <NUM> where the issue has occurred (block <NUM>). This determination can occur by determining which of the one or more macro sensors <NUM> provided the one or more signals corresponding to the out-of-range data.

After determining the location of the issue, the control unit <NUM> receives signals from one or more micro-level sensors <NUM> (block <NUM>). The micro-level sensors <NUM> provide for more specific data about the general area. In some examples, this is due to the micro-level sensors <NUM> being positioned on the packages <NUM> within the general area. In some other examples, the sensor <NUM> is focused to detect environmental conditions within a more limited area detected by the macro sensors <NUM>.

Based on the signals from the one or more micro-level sensors <NUM>, the control unit <NUM> determines if the environmental condition is within range (block <NUM>). If the control unit <NUM> determines the environmental condition is within the operational range, the control unit <NUM> monitors the cargo <NUM> again at the macro level. If the signals from the micro sensors <NUM> still indicate that the environmental condition is out of range, the control unit <NUM> adjusts one or more environmental controls of the cargo hold <NUM> (block <NUM>). After adjustment, the control unit <NUM> can more closely monitor the environmental condition that is outside the range and/or can signal the flight control system <NUM> and/or the remote monitoring node <NUM>.

The various sensors <NUM> can transmit signals to the control unit <NUM> at various timing frequencies. In some examples, the macro sensors <NUM> periodically transmit their signals to the control unit <NUM>, and the micro sensors <NUM> transmit their signals just after receiving a request from the control unit <NUM>. In some other examples, one or more of the sensors <NUM> transmit a signal to the control unit <NUM> when a predetermined event occurs. Examples of predetermined events include but are not limited to an environmental condition above or below predetermined levels, and movement of the cargo <NUM> during flight.

The monitoring system <NUM> is further configured to provide for communications with the remote monitoring node <NUM>. In some examples, the monitoring system <NUM> communicates with the remote monitoring node <NUM> through one or more satellites <NUM> and ground stations during flight. Communications can also be completed through a mobile communication network, such as a cellular network operating according to communication standards now known or later developed (e.g., Wideband Code Division Multiple Access network, Long Term Evolution network) as well as through a WiFi interface. The communication functionality can be included with the communication circuitry <NUM> or with circuitry included in the flight control system <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates a method of monitoring cargo <NUM> in a cargo hold <NUM>. The control unit <NUM> receives signals from the macro and micro sensors <NUM> that are positioned within the cargo hold <NUM> (block <NUM>). Based on the signals from the macro sensors <NUM>, the control unit <NUM> determines an environmental condition within one or more general areas within the cargo hold <NUM> (block <NUM>). The general areas can have various sizes and layouts. In some examples, the general areas are each a contained space within the cargo hold <NUM>. The general areas can also include subsections of a larger open area.

The control unit <NUM> determines that an environmental condition is outside of an operational range in one of the general areas based on the signals from the macro sensors (block <NUM>). The control unit <NUM> then confirms that the environmental condition is outside of the operational range in the one general area based on the signals from the micro sensors <NUM> (block <NUM>).

The control unit <NUM> determines the cargo <NUM> that is positioned in the general area where the environmental condition is outside of the operational range (block <NUM>). The location of the cargo <NUM> is monitored during the loading of the cargo <NUM> in the cargo hold <NUM>. The control unit <NUM> adjusts an operational control to change the environmental condition within the general area (block <NUM>).

In some examples, the control unit <NUM> initially determines that the environmental condition is outside of the operational range within the general area based on the signals from the macro sensors <NUM>. Data from the micro sensors <NUM> is not used in the determination. After making this initial determination, the control unit uses the data from the micro sensors to confirm the issue.

In some examples, the control unit <NUM> determines the position of the cargo <NUM> in the cargo hold <NUM> based on just the signals from the micro sensors <NUM>.

A record <NUM> of the travel environment is maintained by the cargo <NUM>. The records can include various information including but not limited to the type of cargo, the weight, the size, shipping dates, owner, and contact information. The records can also include the one or more operational ranges at which the cargo <NUM> is to be stored during transport. The record can be maintained at one or more of the control unit <NUM> and the remote monitoring node <NUM>. A record <NUM> can be maintained at various granularities of the cargo <NUM>. In some examples, a record <NUM> is maintained for each package <NUM>. In some other examples, a record is maintained for each shipping unit <NUM>. In some other examples, a record <NUM> is maintained for the cargo <NUM> as a hold in the cargo hold <NUM>.

Data about the cargo <NUM> stored in the record <NUM>. Data can include one or more of the time the cargo <NUM> is loaded onto the vehicle <NUM>, the travel position of the cargo <NUM> in the cargo hold <NUM>, and the environmental conditions to which the cargo <NUM> is exposed during the travel. In some examples, the control unit <NUM> stores the one or more sensed environmental conditions during the travel. This information can be used to ensure that the cargo <NUM> was transported within the operational ranges of the one or more environmental conditions. In the event an environmental condition is outside of the operational range (e.g., block <NUM> in <FIG>), this exposure is indicated in the record <NUM> and can be used by personnel at a later time to determine the status of the cargo <NUM>. In some examples, the record <NUM> is a blockchain ledger.

<FIG> illustrates a remote monitoring node <NUM> that includes one or more processing circuits (illustrated as processing circuitry <NUM>) that may include one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), or the like, configured with appropriate software and/or firmware. A computer readable storage medium (shown as memory circuitry <NUM>) stores data and computer readable program code that configures the processing circuitry <NUM> to implement the techniques described above. Memory circuitry <NUM> is a non-transitory computer readable medium and may include various memory devices such as random access memory, read-only memory, and flash memory. Communication circuitry <NUM> provides for communication with the vehicle <NUM>, such as through ground stations and satellites <NUM> and/or a packet data network (PDN). The communications circuitry <NUM> also provides for communication with other sources such as through the PDN. The communications circuitry <NUM> can support a wired connection (e.g., Ethernet), a wireless connection, or both.

Records <NUM> and other data about the cargo <NUM> can be stored in the memory circuitry <NUM> and/or database <NUM>. The database <NUM> is stored in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium (e.g., an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, or semiconductor system-based storage device). The database <NUM> can be local or remote relative to the remote monitoring node <NUM>.

In some examples, the remote monitoring node <NUM> is configured to provide a web interface for access by one or more entities. The remote monitoring node <NUM> is configured for accessing information about the cargo <NUM> using a browser-based interface or an applications program interface (API). The browser-based interface can include a website through which the contents of the database <NUM> can be accessible. Although the website can be hosted by the remote monitoring node <NUM>, it can also be hosted at another location accessible through the PDN. In some examples, the remote monitoring node <NUM> is a server configured to store data about the cargo <NUM>, communicate with the control unit <NUM> to obtain the status of the cargo <NUM>, and provide for access by users, such as the owners of the cargo <NUM>.

The control unit <NUM> is configured to communicate with the remote monitoring node <NUM> at various times, including prior to the flight such as during loading of the vehicle <NUM>, during the flight, and post-flight such as during unloading of the cargo <NUM>. The control unit <NUM> can act as an intermediate node to collect the information prior to transmission to the remote monitoring node <NUM>. In some examples, the data is transmitted periodically to the remote monitoring node <NUM>. Additionally or alternatively, the remote monitoring node <NUM> can query the control unit <NUM> to transmit the data.

The control unit <NUM> can collect the data about the cargo <NUM>. At some point after the collection, the data is transmitted to the monitoring node <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates a method of communication between the control unit <NUM> and the remote monitoring node <NUM>. The control unit <NUM> receives signals from the sensors <NUM> indicating conditions about the cargo <NUM> (block <NUM>). The control unit <NUM> processes the signals (block <NUM>). In some examples, this includes determining that one or more environmental conditions are out of the operational range. Processing can also include tracking an average of one or more of the environmental conditions (e.g., average temperature at the cargo <NUM>), or maintaining the high and low values for one or more of the environmental conditions. The control unit <NUM> transmits data about the cargo <NUM> to the remote monitoring node <NUM> (block <NUM>). In some examples, the control unit <NUM> communicates the status to the remote monitoring node <NUM> only upon determining that one or more environmental conditions are outside of the operational range.

The remote monitoring node <NUM> can monitor the movement of cargo <NUM> on multiple different vehicles <NUM>. The remote monitoring node <NUM> monitors the overall movement and can determine if there is an issue outside of normal operation procedures and report the issue as necessary. For example, normal operating procedures can indicate that an average of <NUM>% of packages <NUM> are exposed to temperatures outside of the operational range. The remote monitoring node <NUM> can detect that a larger number of packages <NUM> are experiencing exposure to temperatures below the operating range. The remote monitoring node <NUM> can signal this information to a technician who can determine if changes need to be made to the procedural process of handling and shipping the cargo <NUM>. For example, during winter it may be necessary to increase the heat in the cargo hold <NUM> to prevent exposure to low temperatures.

In some examples, the control unit <NUM> determines that the cargo <NUM> has moved within the cargo hold <NUM> based on just signals from the micro sensors <NUM>.

The device <NUM> can be used on a variety of vehicles <NUM>. Vehicles <NUM> include but are not limited to aircraft, watercraft, and freight trailers for trains and trucks. <FIG> includes a cargo vehicle <NUM> in which the majority of the cargo hold <NUM> extends throughout the fuselage <NUM>. In some other examples, the vehicle <NUM> is a passenger aircraft that includes a smaller cargo hold <NUM> and a separate cabin area in the fuselage <NUM>.

Claim 1:
A vehicle (<NUM>) comprising:
a cargo hold (<NUM>);
a shipping unit (<NUM>);
cargo packages (<NUM>);
first sensors (<NUM>) mounted to the shipping unit (<NUM>) or the cargo hold (<NUM>), the first sensors (<NUM>) configured to sense an environmental condition of a general area within the cargo hold (<NUM>);
second sensors (<NUM>) mounted to cargo packages (<NUM>) that are supported by one of the shipping units (<NUM>), each of the second sensors (<NUM>) configured to sense the environmental condition where the cargo package (<NUM>) is located in the cargo hold (<NUM>);
a control unit (<NUM>) comprising processing circuitry (<NUM>) and wirelessly connected to the first and second sensors (<NUM>), wherein the control unit (<NUM>) is configured to:
based on first signals from the first sensors (<NUM>), determine the environmental condition within two or more of the general areas within the cargo hold (<NUM>);
determine that the environmental condition at a first one of the general areas is outside an operational range; and
based on second signals from the second sensors (<NUM>) that are located in the first one of the general areas, confirm that the environmental condition is outside of the operational range.