Patent Description:
From among light-emitting devices, organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emissive devices, which have improved characteristics in terms of viewing angles, response time, luminance, driving voltage, and response speed. In addition, OLEDs can produce full-color images.

In an example, an organic light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer that is arranged between the anode and the cathode, and where the organic layer includes an emission layer. A hole transport region may be arranged between the anode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region may be arranged between the emission layer and the cathode. Holes provided from the anode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the cathode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. The holes and the electrons may recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons may then transition from an excited state to a ground state to generate light.

Provided are compositions that provide excellent luminescence efficiency or the like, layers including the compositions, light-emitting devices including the compositions, and electronic apparatuses including the light-emitting devices.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the detailed description, which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the detailed description, or may be learned by practice of the presented exemplary embodiments.

The composition of the invention is defined in claim <NUM>.

According to another aspect, a layer includes the composition.

According to still another aspect, a light-emitting device includes a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer, and wherein the organic layer includes the composition.

For example, the emission layer of the organic layer in the light-emitting device may include the composition.

According to yet another aspect, an electronic apparatus includes the light-emitting device.

The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain exemplary embodiments will be more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the FIGURE, which is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments.

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing one or more exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. The term "or" means "and/or. " It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," or "includes" and/or "including" when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the present embodiments.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "on" another element, it can be directly in contact with the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this general inventive concept belongs.

For example, "about" can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ± <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>%, <NUM>% of the stated value.

Hereinafter, a work function or a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level is expressed as an absolute value from a vacuum level. In addition, when the work function or the HOMO energy level is referred to be "deep," "high" or "large," the work function or the HOMO energy level has a large absolute value based on "<NUM> electron Volts (eV)" of the vacuum level, while when the work function or the HOMO energy level is referred to be "shallow," "low," or "small," the work function or HOMO energy level has a small absolute value based on "<NUM> eV" of the vacuum level.

An aspect provides a composition including a first compound and a second compound.

The first compound is an organometallic compound including platinum (Pt) and a tetradentate ligand bound thereto, and the second compound is an organometallic compound including iridium (Ir).

The first compound may include one Pt, and may not include any other metal than Pt.

The first compound may not include any other ligand than the tetradentate ligand bound to Pt.

The tetradentate ligand bound to Pt in the first compound may have excellent electrical properties and structural rigidity. In addition, the first compound including Pt and the tetradentate ligand bound thereto may have a planar structure, and in this regard, may have a relatively small dipole moment. Accordingly, a layer or a light-emitting device (e.g., an organic light-emitting device) employing the composition including the first compound may have excellent luminescence efficiency and a long lifespan.

The second compound may include one Ir, and may not include any other metal than Ir.

Each of the first compound and the second compound may be electrically neutral.

µ(Pt) is about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye, and µ(Pt) is less than µ(Ir). Here, µ(Pt) is a dipole moment of the first compound, and µ(Ir) is a dipole moment of the second compound.

As used herein, the terms "dipole moment of the first compound" and "dipole moment of the second compound" refer to "total permanent dipole moment in the molecule of the first compound" and "total permanent dipole moment in the molecule of the second compound", respectively.

Each of µ(Pt) and µ(Ir) may be calculated based on density functional theory (DFT). Any various programs may be used for the quantum mechanical calculation based on the DFT, and for example, a Gaussian <NUM> program may be used. For example, each of µ(Pt) and µ(Ir) may be calculated using a density functional theory (DFT) method of a Gaussian program that is structurally optimized at a level of B3LYP/LanL2DZ for the metal (for example, platinum, iridium etc.) included in each of the first compound and the second compound and at a level of B3LYP/<NUM>-<NUM>(D,P) for the organic ligand (for example, the tetradentate ligand, the bidentate ligand etc.) included in each of the first compound and the second compound.

For example, each of µ(Pt) and µ(Ir) may be calculated according to methods described in Evaluation Example <NUM>.

Without wishing to be bound to theory, the composition including the first compound and the second compound in which µ(Pt) is about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye and µ(Pt) is less than µ(Ir) may have the following advantages:.

In one or more embodiments, µ(Pt) may be about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye. In one or more embodiments, µ(Pt) may be about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye, about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye, about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye, about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye, or about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye.

In one or more embodiments, µ(Pt) may be about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye, about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye, or about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye.

In one or more embodiments, µ(Ir) may be about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye, about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye, or about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye.

In one or more embodiments, µ(Ir) - µ(Pt) may be about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye.

In one or more embodiments, µ(Ir) - µ(Pt) may be about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye, or about <NUM> debye to about <NUM> debye.

The first compound emits a first light having a first spectrum, and λP(Pt) is an emission peak wavelength (nm) of the first spectrum.

The second compound emits a second light having a second spectrum, and λP(Ir) is an emission peak wavelength (nm) of the second spectrum.

λP(Pt) is evaluated from a photoluminescence spectrum measured for a first film, and λP(Ir) is evaluated from a photoluminescence spectrum measured for a second film.

The term "first film" as used herein refers to a film including the first compound, and the term "second film" as used herein refers to a film including the second compound. The first film and the second film may be manufactured using any various methods, such as a vacuum deposition method, a coating and heating method, and the like. The first film and the second film may each independently further include a compound, for example, a host described herein, other than or in addition to the first compound and the second compound. As used herein, the term "emission peak wavelength" (also refered to as "peak emission wavelenth" or "emission peak wavelength maximum") refers to a wavelength in the emission peak at which the emission intensity is maximum.

For example, the evaluation method of λP(Pt) and λP(Ir) may be as described in Evaluation Example <NUM>.

The absolute value of a difference between λP(Pt) and λP(Ir) is <NUM> nanometers (nm) to <NUM>, preferably <NUM> to about <NUM>, or <NUM> to about <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, λP(Pt) may be substantially the same as λP(Ir), or λP(Pt) may be equal to λP(Ir).

In one or more embodiments, λP(Pt) may be less than λP(Ir).

In one or more embodiments, λP(Pt) may be greater than λP(Ir).

In one or more embodiments, each of λP(Pt) and λP(Ir) may be about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, λP(Pt) may be about <NUM> to about <NUM>, and λP(Ir) may be about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, each of the first light and the second light may be green light.

In one or more embodiments, the first light may be green light, and the second light may be yellowish-green light.

In one or more embodiments, each of the first light and the second light may be yellowish-green light.

In one or more embodiments, the first light may be yellowish-green light, and the second light may be yellow light.

In one or more embodiments, each of the first light and the second light may be yellow light.

In one or more embodiments, the first compound may be an organic compound including a) a chemical bond (e.g., a covalent bond) between a carbon atom of the tetradentate ligand and Pt, and b) a chemical bond (e.g., a covalent bond) between an oxygen atom of the tetradentate ligand and Pt. The first compound may further include a chemical bond (e.g., a coordinate bond) between a nitrogen atom of the tetradentate ligand and Pt.

In one or more embodiments, the first compound may be an organic compound including a) a chemical bond (e.g., a covalent bond) between a carbon atom of the tetradentate ligand and Pt, and b) a chemical bond (e.g., a covalent bond) between a sulfur atom of the tetradentate ligand and Pt. The first compound may further include a chemical bond (e.g., a coordinate bond) between a nitrogen atom of the tetradentate ligand and Pt.

In one or more embodiments, the second compound may include a first ligand, a second ligand, and a third ligand,.

For example, each of the first ligand, the second ligand, and the third ligand may be a bidentate ligand bound to iridium of the second compound via a nitrogen atom and a carbon atom.

In one or more embodiments, the first compound may be an organometallic compound represented by Formula <NUM>, and the second compound may be an organometallic compound represented by Formula <NUM>:
<CHM>.

Formula <NUM><NUM>(L<NUM>)n11(L<NUM>)n<NUM>(L<NUM>)n<NUM>.

wherein M<NUM> in Formula <NUM> may be Pt, and M<NUM> in Formula <NUM> may be Ir.

In Formula <NUM>, L<NUM> may be a ligand represented by Formula <NUM>-<NUM>, L<NUM> may be a ligand represented by Formula <NUM>-<NUM>, and L<NUM> may be a ligand represented by Formula <NUM>-<NUM> or <NUM>-<NUM>:
<CHM>
wherein Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM>-<NUM> may be as described herein.

In Formula <NUM>, L<NUM> and L<NUM> may be different from each other.

In Formula <NUM>, n11 to n13 each indicates the number of L<NUM>(s) to the number of L<NUM>(s), respectively, and may each independently be <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM>, wherein a sum of n11 + n12 + n13 may be <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, n11 may be <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM>, and n12 and n13 may each independently be <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, n12 may be <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM>, and n11 and n13 may each independently be <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, n11 may be <NUM>, n12 may be <NUM>, and n13 may be <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, n11 may be <NUM>, and n12 and n13 may each be <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, n12 may be <NUM>, and n11 and n13 may each be <NUM>.

The second compound represented by Formula <NUM> may be a heteroleptic complex or a homoleptic complex.

For example, the second compound may be a heteroleptic complex.

In Formulae <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, and <NUM>-<NUM>, X<NUM> to X<NUM> and Y<NUM> to Y<NUM> may each independently be C or N.

In one or more embodiments, at least one of X<NUM> to X<NUM> in Formula <NUM> may be C.

In one or more embodiments, X<NUM> in Formula <NUM> may be C.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, i) X<NUM> and X<NUM> may each be C, and X<NUM> and X<NUM> may each be N, or ii) X<NUM> and X<NUM> may each be C, and X<NUM> and X<NUM> may each be N.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM>-<NUM>, Y<NUM> and Y<NUM> may each be N, and Y<NUM> and Y<NUM> may each be C.

In Formula <NUM>, X<NUM> to X<NUM> may each independently be a chemical bond, O, S, N(R'), C(R')(R"), or C(=O), wherein at least one of X<NUM> to X<NUM> may not be a chemical bond. R' and R" may each be as described herein.

In one or more embodiments, X<NUM> in Formula <NUM> may not be a chemical bond.

In one or more embodiments, X<NUM> in Formula <NUM> may be O or S.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, X<NUM> may be O or S, and X<NUM> to X<NUM> may each be a chemical bond.

In Formula <NUM>, two bonds of a bond between X<NUM> or X<NUM> and M<NUM>, a bond between X<NUM> or X<NUM> and M<NUM>, a bond between X<NUM> or X<NUM> and M<NUM>, and a bond between X<NUM> or X<NUM> and M<NUM> may each be a coordinate bond, and the other two bonds may each be a covalent bond.

For example, in Formula <NUM>, a bond between X<NUM> and M may be a coordinate bond.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, a bond between X<NUM> or X<NUM> and M and a bond between X<NUM> and M may each be a covalent bond, and a bond between X<NUM> and M and a bond between X<NUM> and M may each be a coordinate bond.

In one or more embodiments, the first compound and the second compound may each be electrically neutral.

In Formulae <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, and <NUM>-<NUM>, ring CY<NUM> to ring CY<NUM> and ring A<NUM> to ring A<NUM> may each independently be a C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group or a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group.

For example, each of ring CY<NUM>, ring CY<NUM>, and ring CY<NUM> may not be a benzimidazole group.

For example, in Formulae <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, and <NUM>-<NUM>, ring CY<NUM> to ring CY<NUM> and ring A<NUM> to A<NUM> may each independently be i) a first ring, ii) a second ring, iii) a condensed ring in which two or more first rings are condensed with each other, iv) a condensed ring in which two or more second rings are condensed with each other, or v) a condensed ring in which one or more first rings and one or more second rings are condensed with each other,.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, and <NUM>-<NUM>, ring CY<NUM> to ring CY<NUM> and ring A<NUM> to ring A<NUM> may each independently be a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a <NUM> ,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a pyrrole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a silole group, a borole group, a phosphole group, a germole group, a selenophene group, an indene group, an indole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzosilole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, a benzogermole group, a benzoselenophene group, a fluorene group, a carbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a benzofluorene group, a benzocarbazole group, a naphthobenzofuran group, a naphthobenzothiophene group, a naphthobenzosilole group, a naphthobenzoborole group, a naphthobenzophosphole group, a naphthobenzogermole group, a naphthobenzoselenophene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dinaphthofuran group, a dinaphthothiophene group, a dinaphthosilole group, a dinaphthoborole group, a dinaphthophosphole group, a dinaphthogermole group, a dinaphthoselenophene group, an indenophenanthrene group, an indolophenanthrene group, a phenanthrobenzofuran group, a phenanthrobenzothiophene group, a phenanthrobenzosilole group, a phenanthrobenzoborole group, a phenanthrobenzophosphole group, a phenanthrobenzogermole group, a phenanthrobenzoselenophene group, a dibenzothiophene <NUM>-oxide group, a <NUM>-fluorene-<NUM>-one group, a dibenzothiophene <NUM>,<NUM>-dioxide group, an azaindene group, an azaindole group, an azabenzofuran group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azafluorene group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofluorene group, an azabenzocarbazole group, an azanaphthobenzofuran group, an azanaphthobenzothiophene group, an azanaphthobenzosilole group, an azanaphthobenzoborole group, an azanaphthobenzophosphole group, an azanaphthobenzogermole group, an azanaphthobenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofluorene group, an azadibenzocarbazole group, an azadinaphthofuran group, an azadinaphthothiophene group, an azadinaphthosilole group, an azadinaphthoborole group, an azadinaphthophosphole group, an azadinaphthogermole group, an azadinaphthoselenophene group, an azaindenophenanthrene group, an azaindolophenanthrene group, an azaphenanthrobenzofuran group, an azaphenanthrobenzothiophene group, an azaphenanthrobenzosilole group, an azaphenanthrobenzoborole group, an azaphenanthrobenzophosphole group, an azaphenanthrobenzogermole group, an azaphenanthrobenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzothiophene <NUM>-oxide group, an aza9H-fluorene-<NUM>-one group, an azadibenzothiophene <NUM>,<NUM>-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a benzoquinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a phenanthridine group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an azasilole group, an azaborole group, an azaphosphole group, an azagermole group, an azaselenophene group, a benzopyrrole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzisoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzisothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a pyridinopyrrole group, a pyridinopyrazole group, a pyridinoimidazole group, a pyridinooxazole group, a pyridinoisoxazole group, a pyridinothiazole group, a pyridinoisothiazole group, a pyridinooxadiazole group, a pyridinothiadiazole group, a pyrimidinopyrrole group, a pyrimidinopyrazole group, a pyrimidinoimidazole group, a pyrimidinoxazole group, a pyrimidinoisoxazole group, a pyrimidinothiazole group, a pyrimidinoisothiazole group, a pyrimidinooxadiazole group, a pyrimidinothiadiazole group, a naphthopyrrole group, a naphthopyrazole group, a naphthoimidazole group, a naphthoxazole group, a naphthoisoxazole group, a naphthothiazole group, a naphthoisothiazole group, a naphthoxadiazole group, a naphthothiadiazole group, a phenanthrenopyrrole group, a phenanthrenopyrazole group, a phenanthrenoimidazole group, a phenanthrenoxazole group, a phenanthrenoisoxazole group, a phenanthrenothiazole group, a phenanthrenoisothiazole group, a phenanthrenoxadiazole group, a phenanthrenothiadiazole group, a <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, a <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetrahydroquinoline group, an adamantane group, a norbornane group, a norbornene group, a benzene group condensed with a cyclohexane group, a benzene group condensed with a norbornane group, a pyridine group condensed with a cyclohexane group, or a pyridine group condensed with a norbornane group.

In one or more embodiments, ring CY<NUM> and ring CY<NUM> in Formula <NUM> may each independently be:.

In one or more embodiments, ring CY<NUM> in Formula <NUM> may be:.

In Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM>-<NUM>, ring A<NUM> and ring A<NUM> may be different from each other.

In one or more embodiments, a Y<NUM>-containing monocyclic group in ring A<NUM>, a Y<NUM>-containing monocyclic group in ring A<NUM>, and Y<NUM>-containing monocyclic group in ring A<NUM> may each be a <NUM>-membered ring.

In one or more embodiments, a Y<NUM>-containing monocyclic group in ring A<NUM> may be a <NUM>-membered ring.

In one or more embodiments, a Y<NUM>-containing monocyclic group in ring A<NUM> may be a <NUM>-membered ring, and a Y<NUM>-containing monocyclic group in ring A<NUM> may be a <NUM>-membered ring.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM>-<NUM>, ring A<NUM> and ring A<NUM> may each independently be i) one of Group A, ii) a polycyclic group in which two or more of Group A are condensed with each other, or iii) a polycyclic group in which at least one of Group A and at least one of Group B are condensed with each other,.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>-<NUM>, ring A<NUM> may be i) one of Group C, ii) a polycyclic group in which two or more of Group C are condensed with each other, or iii) a polycyclic group in which at least one of Group C and at least one of Group D are condensed with each other,.

In one or more embodiments, ring A<NUM> in Formula <NUM>-<NUM> may be:.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM>-<NUM>, ring A<NUM> and ring A<NUM> may be different from each other.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> and <NUM>-<NUM>, ring A<NUM> and ring A<NUM> may each independently be i) one of Group E, ii) a polycyclic group in which two or more of Group E are condensed with each other, or iii) a polycyclic group in which at least one of Group E and at least one of Group F are condensed with each other,.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>-<NUM>, ring A<NUM> may be a polycyclic group in which two or more of Group E and at least one of Group F are condensed with each other.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>-<NUM>, ring A<NUM> may be a polycyclic group in which two or more of Group E and at least one of Group F may be condensed with each other.

In Formula <NUM>, T<NUM> to T<NUM> may each independently be a single bond, a double bond, *-N(R5a)-*', *-B(R5a)-*', *-P(R5a)-*', *-C(R5a)(R5b)-*', *-Si(R5a)(R5b)-*', *-Ge(R5a)(R5b)-*', *-S-*', *-Se-*', *-O-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-S(=O)-*', *-S(=O)<NUM>-*', *-C(R5a)=*', *=C(R5a)-*', *-C(R5a)=C(R5b)-*', *-C(=S)-*', *-C=C-*', a C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.

For example, in Formula <NUM>, each of T<NUM> and T<NUM> may be a single bond, and T<NUM> may be a single bond, *-N(R5a)-*', *-B(R5a)-*', *-P(R5a)-*', *-C(R5a)(R5b)-*', *-Si(R5a)(R5b)-*', *-Ge(R5a)(R5b)-*', *-S-*', or *-O-*'.

In Formula <NUM>, n1 to n4 each indicate the number of T<NUM> to the number of T<NUM>, and may each independently be <NUM> or <NUM>, wherein three or more of n1 to n4 may each independently be <NUM>. That is, the organometallic compound represented by Formula <NUM> may have a tetradentate ligand.

In Formula <NUM>, when n1 is <NUM>, T<NUM> does not exist (that is, ring CY<NUM> and ring CY<NUM> are not linked to each other), when n2 is <NUM>, T<NUM> does not exist (that is, ring CY<NUM> and ring CY<NUM> are not linked to each other), when n3 is <NUM>, T<NUM> does not exist (that is, ring CY<NUM> and ring CY<NUM> are not linked to each other), and when n4 is <NUM>, T<NUM> does not exist (that is, ring CY<NUM> and ring CY<NUM> are not linked to each other).

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, n1 to n3 may each be <NUM>, and n4 may be <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, and <NUM>-<NUM>, L<NUM> to L<NUM> and W<NUM> to W<NUM> may each independently be a single bond, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkylene group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, and <NUM>-<NUM>, L<NUM> to L<NUM> and W<NUM> to W<NUM> may each independently be:.

In Formula <NUM>, b1 to b4 indicate the number of L<NUM>(s) to the number of L<NUM>(s), respectively, and may each independently be an integer from <NUM> to <NUM>. When b1 is <NUM> or more, two or more of L<NUM>(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when b2 is <NUM> or more, two or more of L<NUM>(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when b3 is <NUM> or more, two or more of L<NUM>(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when b4 is <NUM> or more, two or more of L<NUM>(s) may be identical to or different from each other. For example, b1 to b4 may each independently be <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM>.

In Formulae <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, and <NUM>-<NUM>, R<NUM> to R<NUM>, R5a, R5b, R', R", and Z<NUM> to Z<NUM> may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -SF<NUM>, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -N(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>), -Si(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>), -Ge(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>), -B(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>), -P(=O)(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>), or -P(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>). Q<NUM> to Q<NUM> may each be as described herein.

In Formulae <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, and <NUM>-<NUM>, R<NUM> to R<NUM>, R5a, R5b, R, R", and Z<NUM> to Z<NUM> may each independently be:.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, and <NUM>-<NUM>, R<NUM> to R<NUM>, R5a, R5b, R, R", and Z<NUM> to Z<NUM> may each independently be:.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>-<NUM>, each of e1 and d1 may not be <NUM>, and at least one of a plurality of Z<NUM>(s) may be a deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, - Si(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>), or -Ge(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>). Q<NUM> to Q<NUM> may each be as described herein.

In one or more embodiments, Q<NUM> to Q<NUM> may each independently be:.

In one or more embodiments, Q<NUM> to Qs may be identical to each other.

In one or more embodiments, two or more of Q<NUM> to Q<NUM> may be different from each other.

In one or more embodiments, the second compound may satisfy at least one of Condition (<NUM>) to Condition (<NUM>):.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, and <NUM>-<NUM>, R<NUM> to R<NUM>, R5a, R5b, R, R", and Z<NUM> to Z<NUM> may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -CH<NUM>, -CD<NUM>, -CD<NUM>H, -CDH<NUM>, -CF<NUM>, -CF<NUM>H, -CFH<NUM>, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkenyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkoxy group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkylthio group, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with -F, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with -F, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with -F, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with -F, -Si(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>), or -Ge(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>) (Q<NUM> to Q<NUM> may each be as described herein):
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

In Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>, and <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>, * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom, "Ph" is a phenyl group, "TMS" is a trimethylsilyl group, and "TMG" is a trimethylgermyl group.

The "group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium" and the "group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium" may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> or <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

The "group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with -F" and the "group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with -F" may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>.

The "group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium" and "the group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium" may be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

The "group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with -F" and "the group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM> in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with -F" may be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

In Formulae <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, and <NUM>-<NUM>, c1 to c4 indicate the number of R<NUM>(s) to the number of R<NUM>(s), respectively; a1 to a4 indicate the number of a group(s) represented by *-[(L<NUM>)b1-(R<NUM>)c1], the number of a group(s) represented by *-[(L<NUM>)b2-(R<NUM>)c2], the number of a group(s) represented by *-[(L<NUM>)b3-(R<NUM>)c3], and the number of a group(s) represented by *-[(L<NUM>)b4-(R<NUM>)c4], respectively; e1 to e4 indicate the number of Z<NUM>(s) to the number of Z<NUM>(s), respectively; and d1 to d4 indicate the number of a group(s) represented by *-[W<NUM>-(Z<NUM>)e1], the number of a group(s) represented by *-[W<NUM>-(Z<NUM>)e2], the number of a group(s) represented by *-[W<NUM>-(Z<NUM>)e3], and the number of a group(s) represented by *-[W<NUM>-(Z<NUM>)e4], respectively, and may each independently be an integer from <NUM> to <NUM>. When c1 is <NUM> or more, two or more of R<NUM>(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when c2 is <NUM> or more, two or more of R<NUM>(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when c3 is <NUM> or more, two or more of R<NUM>(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when c4 is <NUM> or more, two or more of R<NUM>(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when a1 is <NUM> or more, two or more of groups represented by *-[(L<NUM>)b1-(R<NUM>)c1] may be identical to or different from each other, when a2 is <NUM> or more, two or more of groups represented by *-[(L<NUM>)b2-(R<NUM>)c2] may be identical to or different from each other, when a3 is <NUM> or more, two or more of groups represented by *-[(L<NUM>)b3-(R<NUM>)c3] may be identical to or different from each other, when a4 is <NUM> or more, two or more of groups represented by *-[(L<NUM>)b4-(R<NUM>)c4] may be identical to or different from each other, when e1 is <NUM> or more, two or more of Z<NUM>(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when e2 is <NUM> or more, two or more of Z<NUM>(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when e3 is <NUM> or more, two or more of Z<NUM>(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when e4 is <NUM> or more, two or more of Z<NUM>(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when d1 is <NUM> or more, two or more of groups represented by *-[W<NUM>-(Z<NUM>)e1] may be identical to or different from each other, when d2 is <NUM> or more, two or more of groups represented by*-[W<NUM>-(Z<NUM>)e2] may be identical to or different from each other, when d3 is <NUM> or more, two or more of groups represented by *-[W<NUM>-(Z<NUM>)e3] may be identical to or different from each other, and when d4 is <NUM> or more, two or more of groups represented by *-[W<NUM>-(Z<NUM>)e1] may be identical to or different from each other. For example, in Formulae <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, and <NUM>-<NUM>, c1 to c4, a1 to a4, e1 to e4, and d1 to d4 may each independently be <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, the second compound may not be tris[<NUM>-phenylpyridine]iridium.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>-<NUM>, a case where Y<NUM> is N, ring A<NUM> is a pyridine group, Y<NUM> is C, ring A<NUM> is a benzene group, and each of d1 and d2 is <NUM> may be excluded.

In Formulae <NUM>, <NUM>-<NUM>, and <NUM>-<NUM>, two or more substituents in at least one case of i) two or more of a plurality of R<NUM>(s), ii) two or more of a plurality of R<NUM>(s), iii) two or more of a plurality of R<NUM>(s), iv) two or more of a plurality of R<NUM>(s), v) R5a and R5b, vi) two or more of a plurality of Z<NUM>(s), vii) two or more of a plurality of Z<NUM>(s), viii) two or more of a plurality of Z<NUM>(s), ix) two or more of a plurality of Z<NUM>(s), x) two or more of R<NUM> to R<NUM>, R5a, and R5b, and xi) two or more of Z<NUM> to Z<NUM> may optionally be linked to each other to form a C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.

R10a may be as described in connection with R<NUM>.

The signs * and *' as used herein each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom, unless otherwise stated.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, n1 may not be <NUM>, n4 may be <NUM>, and a group represented by
<CHM>
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY1(<NUM>) to CY1(<NUM>):
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
wherein, in Formulae CY1(<NUM>) to CY1(<NUM>),.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, n1 may be <NUM>, n4 may be <NUM>, and a group represented by
<CHM>
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY1-<NUM> to CY1-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
wherein, in Formulae CY1-<NUM> to CY1-<NUM>,.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, n1 and n2 may each be <NUM>, and ring CY<NUM> may be a group represented by Formula CY2A or CY2B:
<CHM>
wherein, in Formulae CY2A and CY2B,.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, each of n1 and n2 may not be <NUM>, and a group represented by
<CHM>
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY2(<NUM>) to CY2(<NUM>):
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
wherein, in Formulae CY2(<NUM>) to CY2(<NUM>),.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, each of n1 and n2 may be <NUM>, and a group represented by
<CHM>
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY2-<NUM> to CY2-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
wherein, in Formulae CY2-<NUM> to CY2-<NUM>,.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>,.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, each of n2 and n3 may not be <NUM>, and a group represented by
<CHM>
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY3(<NUM>) to CY3(<NUM>):
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
wherein, in Formulae CY3(<NUM>) to CY3(<NUM>),.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, each of n2 and n3 may be <NUM>, and a group represented by
<CHM>
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY3-<NUM> to CY3-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
wherein, in Formulae CY3-<NUM> to CY3-<NUM>,.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, n3 may not be <NUM>, n4 may be <NUM>, and a group represented by
<CHM>
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY4(<NUM>) to CY4(<NUM>):
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
wherein, in Formulae CY4(<NUM>) to CY4(<NUM>),.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula <NUM>, n3 may be <NUM>, n4 may be <NUM>, and a group represented by
<CHM>
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY4-<NUM> to CY4-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
wherein, in Formulae CY4-<NUM> to CY4-<NUM>,.

In one or more embodiments, the first compound may be a compound represented by one of Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
wherein, in Formulae <NUM>-<NUM> to <NUM>-<NUM>,.

For example, in Formulae A1-<NUM> to A1-<NUM>, Z<NUM> may be a deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, -Si(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>), or -Ge(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>)(Q<NUM>).

In one or more embodiments,
a group represented by
<CHM>
in Formulae CR24 to CR29 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CR(<NUM>) to CR(<NUM>):
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
wherein, in Formulae CR(<NUM>) to CR(<NUM>),.

In one or more embodiments, the first compound may include at least one deuterium.

In one or more embodiments, the second compound may include at least one deuterium.

For example, the first compound may be a compound of Group <NUM>-<NUM> to Group <NUM>-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

In one or more embodiments, the second compound may be a compound of Group <NUM>-<NUM> to Group <NUM>-<NUM>:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

As used herein, "OMe" is a methoxy group, "TMS" is a trimethylsilyl group, and "TMG" is a trimethylgermyl group.

The composition including the first compound and the second compound as described herein may emit light having excellent luminescence efficiency and a long lifespan (for example, light having an emission peak wavelength of about <NUM> to about <NUM> or about <NUM> to about <NUM>, for example, green light, yellowish-green light, or yellow light). Accordingly, a layer including the composition, a light-emitting device including the composition, and an electronic device including the light-emitting device may be provided.

Another aspect provides a layer including the composition including the first compound and the second compound.

In one or more embodiments, the layer may emit light having an emission peak wavelength ofat about <NUM> to about <NUM>, for example, about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, the layer may emit green light, yellowish-green light, or yellow light.

In one or more embodiments, the layer may emit light having an emission peak wavelength of about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, a weight ratio of the first compound and the second compound included in the layer may be about <NUM>:<NUM> to about <NUM>:<NUM>, about <NUM>:<NUM> to about <NUM>:<NUM>, about <NUM>:<NUM> to about <NUM>:<NUM>, or about <NUM>:<NUM> to about <NUM>:<NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, the weight ratio of the first compound and the second compound included in the layer may be about <NUM>:<NUM>, that is, <NUM>:<NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, the layer may be formed by i) co-depositing the first compound and the second compound, or ii) using a first mixture including the first compound and the second compound.

In one or more embodiments, the layer may include a host and a dopant, wherein the host does not include a transition metal, and the dopant may include the composition including the first compound and the second compound. In one or more embodiments, the layer may be formed by i) co-depositing the host and the dopant, or ii) using a second mixture including the host and the dopant.

In the layer, an amount of the host may be greater than that of the dopant.

For example, a weight ratio of the host and the dopant in the layer may be about <NUM>:<NUM> to about <NUM>:<NUM>, about <NUM>:<NUM> to about <NUM>:<NUM>, or about <NUM>:<NUM> to about <NUM>:<NUM>.

The host in the layer may include a hole-transporting compound, an electron-transporting compound, a bipolar compound, or a combination thereof.

Another aspect provides a light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer, and wherein the organic layer includes the composition including the first compound and the second compound.

The light-emitting device may have excellent driving voltage, excellent external quantum efficiency, and excellent lifetime characteristics by including the composition including the first compound and the second compound as described above.

In one or more embodiments, the emission layer included in the organic layer of the light-emitting device may include the composition including the first compound and the second compound.

In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include a host and a dopant, wherein the host may not include a transition metal, and the dopant may include the composition described herein.

The host included in the emission layer may include a hole-transporting compound, an electron-transporting compound, a bipolar compound, or a combination thereof.

For example, the host may include a hole-transporting compound and an electron-transporting compound, wherein the hole-transporting compound and the electron-transporting compound may be different from each other.

The emission layer may be formed by i) co-depositing the host and the dopant, or ii) using a second mixture including the host and the dopant.

The emission layer may emit a third light having a third spectrum, and λP(EML) is an emission peak wavelength (nm) of the third spectrum. For example, the λP(EML) may be evaluated from an electroluminescence spectrum of the light-emitting device.

The light-emitting device may emit a fourth light having a fourth spectrum and extracted to the outside of the light-emitting device through the first electrode and/or the second electrode of the light-emitting device, and λP(OLED) is an emission peak wavelength (nm) of the fourth spectrum. For example, the λP(OLED) may be evaluated from an electroluminescence spectrum of the light-emitting device.

For example, the λP(EML) and the λP(OLED) may each independently be about <NUM> to about <NUM>, for example, about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, the λP(EML) and the λP(OLED) may each independently be about <NUM> to about <NUM>.

In one or more embodiments, each of the third light and the fourth light may be green light, yellowish-green light or yellow light.

In one or more embodiments, each of the third light and the fourth light may not be white light.

In one or more embodiments, regarding the third spectrum, i) a main emission peak having the λP(EML) may be included; but ii) an additional emission peak having an emission peak wavelength of (λP(EML) + <NUM>) or greater, or (λP(EML) - <NUM>) or less may not be included.

In one or more embodiments, regarding the third spectrum, i) a main emission peak having the λP(EML) may be included; but ii) an additional emission peak having an emission peak wavelength in a red light region and/or a blue light region may not be included.

In one or more embodiments, regarding the fourth spectrum, i) a main emission peak having the λP(OLED) may be included; but ii) an additional emission peak having an emission peak wavelength of (λP(OLED) + <NUM>) or greater, or (λP(OLED) - <NUM>) or less may not be included.

In one or more embodiments, regarding the fourth spectrum, i) a main emission peak having the λP(EML) may be included; but ii) an additional emission peak having an emission peak wavelength in a red light region and/or a blue light region may not be included.

In one or more embodiments, in the emission layer, <MAT> <MAT> <MAT> <MAT> or <MAT>.

In one or more embodiments, in the light-emitting device, <MAT> <MAT><MAT> <MAT> or <MAT>.

Details on λP(Pt), λP(Ir), λP(EML), and λP(OLED) may be as described herein.

The first electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode, and the second electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode; or the first electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode, and the second electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode.

For example, in the light-emitting device, the first electrode may be an anode, and the second electrode may be a cathode, and the organic layer may further include a hole transport region arranged between the first electrode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region arranged between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a buffer layer, or a combination thereof, and the electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof.

The term "organic layer" as used herein refers to a single layer and/or a plurality of layers arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode of the light-emitting device. The "organic layer" may include, in addition to an organic compound, an organometallic complex including a metal.

The FIGURE is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device <NUM> according to one or more embodiments. Hereinafter, a structure and a manufacturing method of a light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments will be described in further detail in connection with the FIGURE. The light-emitting device <NUM> includes a first electrode <NUM>, an organic layer <NUM>, and a second electrode <NUM>, which are sequentially stacked.

A substrate may be additionally arranged under the first electrode <NUM> or above the second electrode <NUM>. For use as the substrate, any substrate that is used in light-emitting devices of the related art may be used, and the substrate may be a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and/or water resistance.

The first electrode <NUM> may be, for example, formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode <NUM> on the substrate. The first electrode <NUM> may be an anode. The material for forming the first electrode <NUM> may include materials with a high work function to facilitate hole injection. The first electrode <NUM> may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. In one or more embodiments, the material for forming the first electrode <NUM> may be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO<NUM>), or zinc oxide (ZnO). In one or more embodiments, the material for forming the first electrode <NUM> may be metal, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), or magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag).

The first electrode <NUM> may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers. For example, the first electrode <NUM> may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO.

The organic layer <NUM> is arranged on the first electrode <NUM>.

The organic layer <NUM> may include a hole transport region, an emission layer, and an electron transport region.

The hole transport region may be arranged between the first electrode <NUM> and the emission layer.

The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a buffer layer, or a combination thereof.

The hole transport region may include only either a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer. The hole transport region may have a hole injection layer/hole transport layer structure, or a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer structure, wherein, for each structure, constituting layers are sequentially stacked in this stated order from the first electrode <NUM>.

When the hole-transporting region includes a hole injection layer, the hole injection layer may be formed on the first electrode <NUM> by using one or more suitable methods, for example, vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, and/or inkjet printing.

When the hole injection layer is formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition conditions may vary depending on a material for forming the hole injection layer, and the structure and thermal characteristics of the hole injection layer. For example, the deposition conditions may include a deposition temperature of about <NUM> to about <NUM>, a vacuum pressure of about <NUM>-<NUM> torr to about <NUM>-<NUM> torr, and a deposition rate of about <NUM> angstroms per second (Å/sec) to about <NUM>Å/sec.

When the hole injection layer is formed by spin coating, the coating conditions may vary depending on a material for forming the hole injection layer, and the structure and thermal characteristics of the hole injection layer. For example, the coating conditions may include a coating speed of about <NUM>,<NUM> revolutions per minute (rpm) to about <NUM>,<NUM> rpm and a heat treatment temperature of about <NUM> to about <NUM> for removing a solvent after coating.

Conditions for forming the hole transport layer and the electron blocking layer may be similar to or the same as the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.

The hole transport region may include4,<NUM>',<NUM>"-tris(<NUM>-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), <NUM>,<NUM>',<NUM>"-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), <NUM>,<NUM>',<NUM>"-tris{N-(<NUM>-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino}-triphenylamine (<NUM>-TNATA), N,N'-di(<NUM>-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (NPB), β-NPB, N,N'-bis(<NUM>-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[<NUM>,<NUM>-biphenyl]-<NUM>,<NUM>'-diamine (TPD), spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, <NUM>,<NUM>'-cyclohexylidene bis[N,N-bis(<NUM>-methylphenyl)benzenamine] (TAPC), <NUM>,<NUM>'-bis[N,N'-(<NUM>-tolyl)amino]-<NUM>,<NUM>'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD), <NUM>,<NUM>',<NUM>"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), poly(<NUM>,<NUM>-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(<NUM>-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), polyaniline/poly(<NUM>-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula <NUM>, a compound represented by Formula <NUM>, or a combination thereof:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

In Formula <NUM>, Ar<NUM> and Ar<NUM> may each independently be a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, or a pentacenylene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, - SF<NUM>, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkenyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkynyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkoxy group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkylthio group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkenyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkenyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl aryl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl alkyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryloxy group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> arylthio group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl alkyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryloxy group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, or a combination thereof.

In Formula <NUM>, xa and xb may each independently be an integer from <NUM> to <NUM>, or may be <NUM>, <NUM>, or <NUM>. For example, in Formula <NUM>, xa may be <NUM>, and xb may be <NUM>.

In Formulae <NUM> and <NUM>, R<NUM> to R<NUM>, R<NUM> to R<NUM>, and R<NUM> to R<NUM> may each independently be:.

In Formula <NUM>, R<NUM> may be a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, or a pyridinyl group, each substituted or unsubstituted with at least one of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -SFs, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkoxy group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkylthio group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyridinyl group, or a combination thereof.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula <NUM> may be represented by Formula 201A:
<CHM>
wherein, in Formula 201A, R<NUM>, R<NUM>, R<NUM>, and R<NUM> may each be as described herein.

For example, the hole transport region may include one of Compounds HT1 to HT20, or a combination thereof:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

A thickness of the hole transport region may be about <NUM> angstroms (Å) to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, for example, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å. When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, or a combination thereof, a thickness of the hole injection layer may be about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, for example, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, and a thickness of the hole transport layer may be about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, for example, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within these ranges, satisfactory hole transporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to these materials, a charge-generation material for the improvement of conductive properties. The charge-generation material may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, a cyano group-containing compound, or a combination thereof. For example, the p-dopant may be: a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-<NUM>,<NUM>-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ), F6-TCNNQ, or the like; metal oxide, such as tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, or the like; a cyano group-containing compound, such as Compound HT-D1 or the like; or a combination thereof:
<CHM>
<CHM>.

The hole transport region may further include a buffer layer.

The buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer, and thus, efficiency of a formed light-emitting device may be improved.

Meanwhile, when the hole transport region includes an electron blocking layer, a material for forming the electron blocking layer may include a material that is used in the hole transport region as described above, a host material described below, or a combination thereof. For example, when the hole transport region includes an electron blocking layer, the material for forming the electron blocking layer may include mCP described below, Compound H-H1 described below, or a combination thereof.

Then, the emission layer <NUM> may be formed on the hole transport region by using methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, LB deposition, inkjet printing, or the like. When the emission layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition or coating conditions may be similar to those applied in forming the hole injection layer although the deposition or coating conditions may vary depending on a material that is used to form the emission layer.

In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include the composition including the first compound and the second compound as described herein. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include a layer including the composition including the first compound and the second compound as described herein.

In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include a host and a dopant, wherein the host does not include a transition metal, and the dopant includes the composition including the first compound and the second compound as described herein.

The host may include <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tri(<NUM>-phenyl-<NUM>-benzo[d]imidazol-<NUM>-yl)benzene (TPBi), <NUM>-tert-butyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-di(naphth-<NUM>-yl)anthracene (TBADN), <NUM>,<NUM>-di(naphthalen-<NUM>-yl)anthracene (ADN) (also referred to as "DNA"), <NUM>,<NUM>'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-<NUM>,<NUM>'-biphenyl (CBP), <NUM>,<NUM>'-bis(<NUM>-carbazolyl)-<NUM>,<NUM>'-dimethyl-biphenyl (CDBP), <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tris(carbazole-<NUM>-yl)benzene (TCP), <NUM>,<NUM>-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), Compound H50, Compound H51, Compound H52, Compound H-H1, Compound H-H2, or a combination thereof:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

When the light-emitting device <NUM> is a full-color light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and/or a blue emission layer.

A thickness of the emission layer may be about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, for example, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within these ranges, excellent light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Next, the electron transport region may be arranged on the emission layer.

The electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof.

For example, the electron transport region may have a hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure or an electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure. The electron transport layer may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more different materials.

Conditions for forming a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer which constitute the electron transport region may be understood by referring to the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.

When the electron transport region includes a hole blocking layer, the hole blocking layer may include, for example, <NUM>,<NUM>-dimethyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-diphenyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-phenanthroline (BCP), <NUM>,<NUM>-diphenyl-<NUM>,<NUM>-phenanthroline (Bphen), bis(<NUM>-methyl-<NUM>-quinolinolato-N1,O8)-(<NUM>,<NUM>'-biphenyl-<NUM>-olato)aluminum (BAlq), or a combination thereof:
<CHM>.

A thickness of the hole blocking layer may be about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, for example, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å. When the thickness of the hole blocking layer is within these ranges, excellent hole blocking characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

In one or more embodiments, the electron transport layer may include BCP, Bphen, TPBi, tris(<NUM>-hydroxy-quinolinato)aluminum (Alq<NUM>), BAlq, <NUM>-(<NUM>-biphenylyl)-<NUM>-phenyl-<NUM>-tert-butylphenyl-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole (TAZ), <NUM>-(naphthalen-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>,<NUM>-diphenyl-<NUM>-<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-triazole (NTAZ), or a combination thereof:
<CHM>
<CHM>.

In one or more embodiments, the electron transport layer may include one of Compounds ET1 to ET25, or a combination thereof:
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>
<CHM>.

A thickness of the electron transport layer may be about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>,<NUM>Å, for example, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within these ranges, satisfactory electron transporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport layer may include a metal-containing material in addition to the material as described above.

The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 or ET-D2:
<CHM>.

The electron transport region may also include an electron injection layer that promotes the flow of electrons from the second electrode <NUM> thereinto.

The electron injection layer may include LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li<NUM>O, BaO, Yb, Compound ET-D1, Compound ET-D2, or a combination thereof.

A thickness of the electron injection layer may be about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å, and, for example, about <NUM>Å to about <NUM>Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within these ranges, satisfactory electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The second electrode <NUM> may be arranged on the organic layer <NUM>. The second electrode <NUM> may be a cathode. A material for forming the second electrode <NUM> may be metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a combination thereof, which have a relatively low work function. For example, the material for forming the second electrode <NUM> may be Li, Mg, Al, Ag, Al-Li, Ca, Mg-In, Mg-Ag, or the like. To manufacture a top-emission type light-emitting device, various modifications are possible, and for example, a transmissive electrode formed using ITO or IZO may be used as the second electrode <NUM>.

Hereinbefore, the light-emitting device <NUM> according to one or more embodiments has been described in connection with the FIGURE, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

For example, the light-emitting device may be included in an electronic apparatus. Thus, another aspect provides an electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device. The electronic apparatus may include, for example, a display, an illumination, a sensor, or the like.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group" as used herein refers to a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons monovalent group having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, and the term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group.

Non-limiting examples of the C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, the C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, and/or the C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group are a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a <NUM>-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, or a tert-decyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a <NUM>-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, or a combination thereof. For example, Formula <NUM>-<NUM> is a branched C<NUM> alkyl group, and an example thereof is a tert-butyl group that is substituted with two methyl groups.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkoxy group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by -OA<NUM> (wherein A<NUM> is the C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof are a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, and a pentoxy group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkylthio group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by -SA<NUM> (wherein A<NUM> is the C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group).

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkenyl group" as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, and non-limiting examples thereof are an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkenylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkenyl group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkynyl group" as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, and non-limiting examples thereof are an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkynylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkynyl group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon cyclic group having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, and the term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group.

Non-limiting examples of the C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group are a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group (or a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]heptyl group), a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]pentyl group, a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]hexyl group, and a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octyl group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group" as used herein refers to a saturated monovalent cyclic group that includes at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B as a ring-forming atom(s) and <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms as ring forming atom(s), and the term C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group.

Non-limiting examples of the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group are a silolanyl group, a silinanyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, a tetrahydro-<NUM>-pyranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkenyl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that includes <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and has no aromaticity, and non-limiting examples thereof are a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkenylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkenyl group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkenyl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that includes at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B as a ring-forming atom, <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms as ring forming atom(s), and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof. Non-limiting examples of the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkenyl group are a <NUM>,<NUM>-dihydrofuranyl group and a <NUM>,<NUM>-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkenylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkenyl group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms, and the term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> arylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group are a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group and the C<NUM>-C<NUM> arylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl aryl group" as used herein refers to a C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group substituted with at least one C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group. The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl alkyl group" as used herein refers to a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group substituted with at least one C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group that includes at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B as a ring-forming atom and a cyclic aromatic system having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms as ring forming atom(s), and the term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroarylene group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure has the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group described herein. Non-limiting examples of the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group are a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group and the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl heteroaryl group" as used herein refers to a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group substituted with at least one C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group. The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl alkyl group" as used herein refers to a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group substituted with at least one C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryloxy group" as used herein indicates -OA<NUM> (wherein A<NUM> is the C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group), and the term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> arylthio group" as used herein indicates - SA<NUM> (wherein A<NUM> is the C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group).

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryloxy group" as used herein indicates -OA<NUM>' (wherein A<NUM>' is the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group), and the term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroarylthio group" as used herein indicates -SA<NUM>' (wherein A<NUM>' is the C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group).

The term "monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. A non-limiting example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group is a fluorenyl group. The term "divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group described herein.

The term "monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B, other than carbon atoms, as a ring-forming atom(s), and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. A non-limiting example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. The term "divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group described above.

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group" as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as ring-forming atoms, <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms only and no heteroatoms in the cyclic group. The C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group. Non-limiting examples of the "C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group (unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a)" as used herein are an adamantane group, a norbornene group, a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]pentane group, a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]hexane group, a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]heptane(norbornane) group, a bicyclo[<NUM>. <NUM>]octane group, a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a cyclopentadiene group, and a fluorene group (each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a).

The term "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group" as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom(s), at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B other than <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atom(s) as ring-forming atom(s). The C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group. Non-limiting examples of the "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group (unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a)" as used herein are a thiophene group, a furan group, a pyrrole group, a silole group, borole group, a phosphole group, a selenophene group, a germole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzofuran group, an indole group, a benzosilole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene <NUM>-oxide group, a <NUM>-fluoren-<NUM>-one group, a dibenzothiophene <NUM>,<NUM>-dioxide group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azaindole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene <NUM>-oxide group, an aza-<NUM>-fluoren-<NUM>-one group, an azadibenzothiophene <NUM>,<NUM>-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, or a <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-tetrahydroquinoline group (each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a).

Non-limiting examples of the "C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group" and "C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group" as used herein are i) a first ring, ii) a second ring, iii) a condensed ring in which two or more first rings are condensed with each other, iv) a condensed ring in which two or more second rings are condensed with each other, or v) a condensed ring in which at least one first ring is condensed with at least one second ring,.

The terms "fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group (or fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group or the like)", "fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group", "fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group," and "fluorinated phenyl group" respectively indicate a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group (or a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group or the like), a C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group, and a phenyl group, each substituted with at least one fluoro group. For example, the term "fluorinated C<NUM> alkyl group (that is, a fluorinated methyl group)" includes -CF<NUM>, -CF<NUM>H, and -CFH<NUM>. The "fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group (or fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group or the like)", "the fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group", "the fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group", or "the fluorinated phenyl group" may be i) a fully fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group (or a fully fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group or the like), a fully fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group, a fully fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group, or a fully fluorinated phenyl group, wherein, in each group, all hydrogen included therein are substituted with a fluoro group, or ii) a partially fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group (or, a partially fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, or the like), a partially fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group, a partially fluorinated C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group, or partially fluorinated phenyl group, wherein, in each group, all hydrogen included therein are not substituted with a fluoro group.

The terms "deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group (or deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group or the like)", "deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group", "deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group," and "deuterated phenyl group" respectively indicate a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group (or a C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group or the like), a C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group, a C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group, and a phenyl group, each substituted with at least one deuterium. For example, the "deuterated C<NUM> alkyl group (that is, deuterated methyl group)" may include -CD<NUM>, -CD<NUM>H, and -CDH<NUM>, and examples of the "deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group" are Formula <NUM>-<NUM> or the like. The "deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group (or deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group or the like)", "the deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group", "the deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group", or "the deuterated phenyl group" may be i) a fully deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group (or, a fully deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group or the like), a fully deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group, a fully deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group, or a fully deuterated phenyl group, in which, in each group, all hydrogen included therein are substituted with deuterium, or ii) a partially deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group (or, a partially deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group or the like), a partially deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group, a partially deuterated C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group, or a partially deuterated phenyl group, in which, in each group, all hydrogen included therein are not substituted with deuterium.

The term "(C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl)'X' group" as used herein refers to a 'X' group that is substituted with at least one C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group. For example, the term "(C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl)C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group" as used herein refers to a C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group substituted with at least one C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, and the term "(C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl)phenyl group" as used herein refers to a phenyl group substituted with at least one C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group. An example of the term (C<NUM> alkyl)phenyl group is a toluyl group.

The terms "an azaindole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene <NUM>-oxide group, an aza-<NUM>-fluoren-<NUM>-one group, and an azadibenzothiophene <NUM>,<NUM>-dioxide group" respectively refer to heterocyclic groups having the same backbones as "an indole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene <NUM>-oxide group, a <NUM>-fluoren-<NUM>-one group, and a dibenzothiophene <NUM>,<NUM>-dioxide group," in which, in each group, at least one carbon atom from among ring-forming carbon atoms is substituted with nitrogen.

At least one substituent of the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> carbocyclic group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocyclic group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkenyl group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkynyl group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkoxy group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkylthio group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl aryl group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl alkyl group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryloxy group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> arylthio group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be:.

As used herein, and unless indicated otherwise, Q<NUM> to Q<NUM>, Q<NUM> to Q<NUM>, Q<NUM> to Q<NUM>, and Q<NUM> to Q<NUM> may each independently be:
hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -SFs, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C<NUM>-C<NUM> heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, Q<NUM> to Q<NUM>, Q<NUM> to Q<NUM>, Q<NUM> to Q<NUM>, and Q<NUM> to Q<NUM> as used herein may each independently be:.

Hereinafter, a light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments are described in further detail with reference to Examples. However, the present subject matter is not limited thereto.

Compound Pt-A(<NUM>) (<NUM> grams (g), <NUM> millimoles (mmol)), Compound Pt-<NUM>(<NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(<NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol), and potassium carbonate (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) were mixed with <NUM> of a mixture including tetrahydrofuran (THF) and deionized (DI) water at a volume ratio of <NUM>:<NUM>, and the resultant mixed solution was heated at reflux for <NUM> hours. The obtained result was allowed to cool to room temperature, and the precipitate was removed therefrom by filtration to obtain a filtrate. The filtrate was then washed with ethyl acetate (EA) and DI water, and purification was performed using column chromatography (EA / hexane (Hex) <NUM> %~<NUM> %) to complete the production of Compound Pt-B(<NUM>) (<NUM>, yield of <NUM>%).

Compound Pt-B(<NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and K<NUM>PtCl<NUM> (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) were mixed with70 mL of a mixture including <NUM> of acetic acid and <NUM> of DI water, and the resultant mixed solution was heated at reflux for <NUM> hours. The obtained result was allowed to cool to room temperature, and the precipitate was removed therefrom by filtration to obtain a filtrate. The filtrate was dissolved in methylene chloride (MC) and then washed with DI water. Subsequently, purification using column chromatography (MC <NUM> %/Hex <NUM> %) was performed thereon to complete the production of Compound Pt(<NUM>) (<NUM>, yield of <NUM>%).

High resolution mass spectrometry using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (HRMS (MALDI)) calculated for C<NUM>H<NUM>D<NUM>N<NUM>OPt: m/z <NUM> grams per mole (g/mol), found: <NUM>/mol.

Compound Pt-B(<NUM>) (<NUM>, yield of <NUM> %) was obtained in a similar manner as in the synthesis of Compound Pt-B(<NUM>) of Synthesis Example <NUM>, except that Compound Pt-A(<NUM>) was used instead of Compound Pt-A(<NUM>).

Compound Pt(<NUM>) (<NUM>, yield of <NUM> %) was obtained in a similar manner as in the synthesis of Compound Pt(<NUM>) of Synthesis Example <NUM>, except that Compound Pt-B(<NUM>) was used instead of Compound Pt-B(<NUM>).

HRMS (MALDI) calculated for C<NUM>H<NUM>D<NUM>N<NUM>OPt: m/z <NUM>/mol, found: <NUM>/mol.

Compound Pt-B(<NUM>) (<NUM>, yield of <NUM> %) was obtained in a similar manner as in the synthesis of Compound Pt-B(<NUM>) of Synthesis Example <NUM>, except that Compound Pt-<NUM>(<NUM>) was used instead of Compound Pt-<NUM>(<NUM>) and Compound Pt-A(<NUM>) was used instead of Compound Pt-A(<NUM>).

HRMS (MALDI) calculated for C<NUM>H<NUM>NsOPt: m/z <NUM>/mol, found: <NUM>/mol.

<NUM>-phenyl-<NUM>-(trimethylsilyl)pyridine (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and iridium chloride hydrate (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) were mixed with <NUM> of ethoxyethanol and <NUM> of DI water, and the resultant mixed solution was stirred and heated at reflux for <NUM> hours. Then, the temperature was allowed to lower to room temperature. The resulting solid was separated by filtration, washed sufficiently with DI water, methanol, and hexane, and the obtained solid was dried in a vacuum oven, to obtain <NUM> (yield of <NUM>%) of Compound Ir-<NUM>(<NUM>).

Compound Ir-<NUM>(<NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and <NUM> of MC were mixed, and a mixture of silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (silver triflate, AgOTf, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and <NUM> of methanol (MeOH) was added thereto. Afterwards, the resultant mixture was stirred for <NUM> hours at room temperature while light was blocked with aluminum foil, and then filtered through a Celite plug to remove the resulting solid, and the filtrate was subjected to a reduced pressure to obtain a solid (Compound Ir1-<NUM>). Compound Ir1-<NUM> was used in the next reaction without an additional purification process.

Compound Ir-<NUM>(<NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and Compound Ir-<NUM>(<NUM>) (<NUM>-(dibenzo[b,d]furan-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>-diisopropyl-[<NUM>,<NUM>'-biphenyl]-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-benzo[d]imidazole, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) were mixed with <NUM> of <NUM>-ethoxyethanol and <NUM> of N,N-dimethylformamide, and the mixed solution was stirred and heated at reflux for <NUM> hours. Then, the temperature was allowed to lower to room temperature. The obtained mixture was subjected to a reduced pressure to obtain a solid, which was purified by column chromatography (eluents: MC and Hex) to obtain Compound Ir-<NUM> (<NUM>, yield of <NUM>%).

HRMS (MALDI) calculated for C<NUM>H<NUM>IrNaOSi<NUM>: m/z <NUM>/mol, found: <NUM>/mol.

Compound Ir-<NUM>(<NUM>) (<NUM>, <NUM> mmol) and Compound Ir-<NUM>(<NUM>) (<NUM>-(dibenzo[b,d]furan-<NUM>-yl)-<NUM>-(<NUM>,<NUM>-diisopropylphenyl)-<NUM>-benzo[d]imidazole, <NUM>, <NUM> mmol) were mixed with <NUM> of <NUM>-ethoxyethanol and <NUM> of N,N-dimethylformamide, and the mixed solution was stirred and heated at reflux for <NUM> hours. Then, the temperature was allowed to lower to room temperature. The obtained mixture was subjected to a reduced pressure to obtain a solid, which was purified by column chromatography (eluents: MC and Hex) to obtain Compound Ir-<NUM> (<NUM>, yield of <NUM>%).

HRMS (MALDI) calculated for C<NUM>H<NUM>IrN<NUM>OSi<NUM>: m/z <NUM>/mol, found: <NUM>/mol.

The dipole moment of Compound Pt(<NUM>) was calculated by optimizing the molecular structure of Compound Pt(<NUM>) by using the B3LYP/LanL2DZ function for the metal included in Compound Pt(<NUM>) and B3LYP/<NUM>-<NUM>(D,P) function for the organic ligand and performing the DFT calculation using the Gaussian <NUM> program. Using a similar method as described above, the dipole moments of the remaining Pt-containing compounds and Ir-containing compounds in Table <NUM> were calculated, and the results are summarized in Table <NUM>.

On a quartz substrate, the compounds shown in Table <NUM> were vacuum co-deposited (at a pressure of <NUM>-<NUM> torr) at the weight ratios shown in Table <NUM> to manufacture <NUM>-thick films of Compounds Pt(<NUM>), Pt(<NUM>), Pt(<NUM>), Ir- <NUM>, Ir-<NUM>, Pt-C, Pt-D, Pt-E, Pt-F, Ir-C, and Ir-D.

Then, the emission spectrum for each of the films of Compounds Pt(<NUM>), Pt(<NUM>), Pt(<NUM>), Ir-<NUM>, Ir-<NUM>, Pt-C, Pt-D, Pt-E, Pt-F, Ir-C, and Ir-D was measured by using a Quantaurus-QY Absolute PL quantum yield spectrometer (produced by Hamamatsu Company, equipped with a xenon light source, a monochromator, a photonic multichannel analyzer, and an integrating sphere, and was programmed by the PLOY measurement software (Hamamatsu Photonics, Ltd. , Shizuoka, Japan)). In the measurement, the excitation wavelength was scanned at <NUM> intervals between <NUM> and <NUM>, and a spectrum was measured using an excitation wavelength of <NUM>. Accordingly, Compounds Pt(<NUM>), Pt(<NUM>), Pt(<NUM>), Ir-<NUM>, Ir-<NUM>, Pt-C, Pt-D, Pt-E, Pt-F, Ir-C, and Ir-D were included in the corresponding Films Pt(<NUM>), Pt(<NUM>), Pt(<NUM>), Ir-<NUM>, Ir-<NUM>, Pt-C, Pt-D, Pt-E, Pt-F, Ir-C, and Ir-D, and were evaluated for the emission peak wavelength (λmax, nm), and the results are shown in Table <NUM>.

An ITO(as an anode)-patterned glass substrate was cut to a size of <NUM> millimeters (mm) x <NUM> x <NUM>, sonicated with isopropyl alcohol and DI water, each for <NUM> minutes, and then cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays and ozone for <NUM> minutes. The resultant ITO-patterned glass substrate was loaded onto a vacuum deposition apparatus.

HT3 and F6-TCNNQ were vacuum-deposited on the anode at a weight ratio of <NUM>:<NUM> to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of <NUM>Å, and then, HT3 was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of <NUM>,<NUM>Å. H-H1 was vacuum-deposited on the hole transport layer to form an electron blocking layer having a thickness of <NUM>Å.

Subsequently, a host and a dopant were co-deposited at a weight ratio of <NUM>:<NUM> on the electron blocking layer to form an emission layer having a thickness of <NUM>Å. As the host, H-H1 and H-H2 were used at a weight ratio of <NUM>:<NUM>, and as the dopant, the first compound and the second compound shown in Table <NUM> were used at the weight ratio of <NUM>:<NUM>.

Then, ET3 and ET-D1 were co-deposited at a volume ratio of <NUM>:<NUM> on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of <NUM>Å, ET-D1 was vacuum-deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of <NUM>Å, and Al was vacuum-deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode having a thickness of <NUM>,<NUM>Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device. <CHM>
<CHM>
Manufacture of OLEDs <NUM> to <NUM> and comparative example OLEDs A to E.

Organic Light-emitting devices were manufactured in a similar manner as in the manufacture of OLED <NUM>, except those corresponding compounds shown in Table <NUM> were used as a dopant in forming an emission layer.

For the OLEDs <NUM> to <NUM> and A to E, the driving voltage (V), the emission peak wavelength (λmax) (nm), the maximum value of external quantum efficiency (Max EQE) (%), and the lifespan (LT<NUM>) (hr) were evaluated, and the results are shown in Table <NUM>. A current-voltage meter (Keithley <NUM>) and a luminance meter (Topcon SR3) were used as apparatuses for evaluation, and the lifespan (T<NUM>) (at <NUM>,<NUM> candela per square meter, cd/m<NUM> or nits) was obtained by measuring the amount of time that elapsed until luminance was reduced to <NUM>% of the initial luminance of <NUM>%, and the results are expressed as relative values. For reference, the dipole moments and the emission peak wavelengths (λmax) of the compounds used as the dopants in OLEDs <NUM> to <NUM> and C to E are summarized in Table <NUM>.

Referring to Table <NUM>, it was confirmed that each of OLEDs <NUM> to <NUM> emitted green light and had improved driving voltage, improved EQE, and improved lifespan characteristics as compared to those of OLEDs A to E.

According to the one or more exemplary embodiments described herein, an electronic device, for example, a light-emitting device, employing a composition may have improved driving voltage, improved external quantum efficiency, and improved lifetime characteristics.

Claim 1:
A composition, comprising:
a first compound; and
a second compound,
wherein
the first compound is an organometallic compound comprising platinum and a tetradentate ligand bound to the platinum,
the second compound is an organometallic compound comprising iridium, characterised in that
µ(Pt) is <NUM> debye to <NUM> debye,
µ(Pt) is less than µ(Ir),
µ(Pt) is a dipole moment of the first compound,
µ(Ir) is a dipole moment of the second compound,
each of µ(Pt) and µ(Ir) is calculated based on density functional theory (DFT),
the first compound emits a first light having a first spectrum, and λP(Pt) is an emission peak wavelength of the first spectrum,
the second compound emits a second light having a second spectrum, and λP(Ir) is an emission peak wavelength of the second spectrum,
λP(Pt) is evaluated from a first photoluminescence spectrum measured for a first film,
λP(Ir) is evaluated from a second photoluminescence spectrum measured for a second film,
the first film comprises the first compound, and
the second film comprises the second compound,
characterised in that an absolute value of a difference between λP(Pt) and λP(Ir) is <NUM> nanometers to <NUM> nanometers.