Patent Description:
A conventional bag is disclosed in, for example, <CIT> (Patent Literature <NUM>). According to this publication, in order to provide a bag material for civil engineering work that prevents a filling material from moving and is not shear-deformed even when repeatedly subjected to water currents and waves and a bag body using the bag material, a bag material made of a knitted mesh of synthetic fibers and filled with a filling material is provided with a restraining tool connecting bottom and mouth portions of the bag material. The restraining tool is connected to the bag material and is pulled out of the bag material through its closed mouth portion. <CIT> discloses a bag material formed of a net knitted with synthetic fibers and filled with an intermediate filling material, wherein the bag material includes an opening portion and a bottom portion located on the opposite side of the opening portion, and is connected to the bottom portion And a first rope that can be taken out from the mesh through the inside of the bag material to the outside, the bag material for wave-resistant civil engineering work.

For conventional bag-type foot protection bag materials, the stability factor that is necessary to calculate the required mass of the bag body against waves (wave height) is obtained from the existing experiments. However, there are various forms of bag bodies and their stabilities are not the same. Therefore, even if the bag bodies are installed after specifying waves at the installation location, the bag materials may slide or roll and are washed away by the waves.

The present invention was made to solve the above problem, and it is an object of the present invention to provide optimal values of the height and diameter of a bag body by adjusting the length of a restraining rope as a restraining tool in the bag body against waves, and to provide a method for manufacturing such a bag body.

A bag body according to the present invention includes a bag material including a bottom portion and an opening portion. A lifting rope is provided around the opening portion, and a restraining rope that is pulled out through the opening portion is provided at the bottom portion. The bag material is filled with a filling material to form the bag body. The opening portion is closed after the bag material is filled with the filling material. The bag body is characterized by being within a predetermined range centered about a curve given by W/H1 (diameter/restraining rope length) = <NUM> × (W/WO)^<NUM> - <NUM> × (W/WO) + <NUM>, where W represents a diameter of the bag body, H1 represents a length of the restraining rope from a bottom portion of the bag body to a root position of a mouth closing rope of the bag material through a center of the bag body, and WO represents a diameter of the bag body when the bag body formed by filling the bag material with the filling material is most stable against waves.

Preferably, the predetermined range is a range of <NUM>% to <NUM>%.

The restraining rope may be a rope or belt made of synthetic fibers.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the restraining rope includes mesh at the bottom portion of the bag material bundled and pulled up toward a mouth portion.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a mouth closing rope is provided around the opening portion below the lifting rope, the opening portion is closed by the mouth closing rope, and the restraining rope is combined with the lifting rope and the mouth closing rope.

It is preferable that the restraining rope be a combination of a collection of mesh at the bottom portion of the bag material bundled and pulled up toward the mouth portion and a rope connected to the collection, and an optimal fixing position of the restraining rope be marked on the combination.

In another aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a bag body includes the steps of: preparing a production frame for the bag body; and preparing a lifting rope around an opening, a mouth closing rope provided under the lifting rope, and a bag material including a restraining rope having its one end fixed to a bottom portion of the bag material. An optimal fixing position of the restraining rope in the bag is marked on the restraining rope. The method further includes the steps of: placing the bag material into the production frame in such a manner that the lifting rope around the opening of the bag material is caught by an opening end of the production frame, and pulling the other end of the restraining rope out of the bag material so as to pass through a center of the bag material, and in this state, placing a filling material into the bag material until the filling material reaches the optimal fixing position of the restraining rope for the bag material; and after placing the filling material, closing the opening of the bag material with the mouth closing rope, and removing the bag body from the production frame using the restraining rope and the lifting rope.

The inventors examined stability of bag bodies based on various experiments, and as a result, found that the bag bodies that fall in a range centered about the curve given by a predetermined expression of W/H1 (diameter/restraining rope length) provides the highest stability against waves.

As a result, it is possible to provide the bag body shape that is effective against waves and a method for manufacturing such a bag body.

The inventors came to a certain conclusion after conducting experiments for checking the stability of bag bodies under various wave conditions (wave heights and periods) using bag body models with various sizes. The bag body models are models of a bag body filled with a filling material and scaled down to a certain size. The conclusion will be described below.

First, the bag body used in the experiments will be described. The bag body used in the experiments is a model with a set weight of <NUM> t and is about <NUM>/<NUM> the size of a real bag body.

<FIG> is a diagram showing the shape of the bag body. Referring to <FIG>, a bag body <NUM> includes a bag material <NUM> made of a knitted mesh of synthetic fibers, and a filling material <NUM> filling the bag material <NUM> and having a density of <NUM> t/m<NUM> or more such as crushed stones, boulders, concrete lumps, iron ore lumps, barite lumps, steel slag lumps, or steel slag hydrated matrix lumps. The bag material <NUM> has an opening portion in its upper part. A lifting rope <NUM> is provided around the opening portion, and a mouth closing rope <NUM> goes through the mesh under the lifting rope <NUM>.

After the bag material <NUM> is filled with the filling material, the opening portion is firmly tied with the mouth closing rope <NUM>, and the mouth closing rope <NUM> together with the lifting rope <NUM> is pulled out of a production frame that will be described later. A restraining rope <NUM> as a restraining means is attached to the bottom portion of the bag material <NUM>. This restraining rope <NUM> passes through the center of a bottom <NUM> of the bag body <NUM>, and is pulled up together with the mouth closing rope <NUM> and the lifting rope <NUM> to lift the bag body <NUM>.

As used herein, W represents the diameter when the bag material <NUM> is filled with the stones <NUM>, and H1 represents the length of the restraining rope <NUM> from the bottom portion 16a of the bottom <NUM> of the bag body <NUM> to which the restraining rope <NUM> is attached to a root position 16b of the mouth closing rope <NUM> of the bag material <NUM> through the center of the bag body <NUM>. H represents the length from the bottom <NUM> of the bag body <NUM> to the root position 16b of the mouth closing rope <NUM>.

As shown in <FIG>, when the restraining rope <NUM> is pulled up together with the lifting rope <NUM>, the lower part of the restraining rope <NUM> is lifted above the bottom <NUM> as shown by the bottom portion 16a. Therefore, as shown in the figures, H1 is the dimension of the restraining rope <NUM> from the position of the lifted bottom portion 16a to the position of an upper end 16b of the bag body <NUM>. The position of the upper end 16b of the bag body <NUM> is the root position of the mouth closing rope <NUM>, and the lifted position of the restraining rope <NUM> is usually about <NUM> to <NUM>% of the total height H of the bag body <NUM> containing the filling material.

The bag body <NUM> has the shape described above (this is referred to as normal type). There may also be the following types of the bag body <NUM>: the bag body <NUM> with a shape that is taller in the height direction (this is referred to as tall type), and the bag body <NUM> with a shape that is wider in the width direction (this is referred to as wide type). These shapes are shown in <FIG> shows the bag body <NUM> with a shape that is taller in the height direction, and <FIG> shows the bag body <NUM> with a shape that is wider in the width direction.

The bag body with a tall shape as shown in <FIG> may tip over after installation and may lack stability. The bag body with a shape that is wide in the width direction as shown in <FIG> may be turned up after installation and may lack stability. Even if the dimension W in the width direction is the same, the same thing occurs depending on the length H1 of the restraining rope <NUM>.

The inventors looked at the relationship between the dimensional ratio W/H1 = (diameter/restraining rope length) and the diameter W, and conducted experiments to find, for each diameter, the dimensional ratio of the bag body <NUM> that may lack stability due to tipping over after installation and the width in the width direction of the bag body <NUM> that lacks stability due to turning up after installation.

That is, the behavior in waves of an object using a bag according to the present invention is a fluid phenomenon, and the similitude holds. Therefore, the state of each bag body (stable, turning up, tipping over) in waves in a two-dimensional wave channel was observed using <NUM>/<NUM> scale bag models of shapes with various diameters W and restraining rope lengths H1.

Specifically, bag body models filled with crushed stones within a certain particle size range and having a diameter W of <NUM> to <NUM> were placed in the wave channel and subjected to waves with a constant period (one second) from offshore to shore. For each diameter W, the manners in which the models with various restraining rope lengths H1 were moved (moved due to turning up, moved due to tipping over, etc.) as the wave height was gradually moved were observed, and the ratio of W/H1 at the wave height corresponding to the movement limit was obtained.

Since the present embodiment is intended to examine the stability against waves in the sea, the stability was determined using the waves with a period of one second and the wave heights of <NUM> to <NUM>. <FIG> shows the characteristics of the waves, and <FIG> shows the structure of the wave channel used.

Referring to <FIG>, the width, depth, and length of the wave channel are <NUM>, <NUM>, and <NUM>, respectively. A slope of <NUM> in the horizontal direction is provided so as to extend gradually downward from the left end toward the right at a ratio of <NUM> : <NUM>, a horizontal step with a width of <NUM> is provided next to the slope, and then a slope of <NUM> in the horizontal direction is provided so as to extend gradually downward at the same ratio. This bank is formed by a rubble-mound foundation.

Each bag body filled with a filling material was placed on the right end of the step, and was subjected to waves from the right. The stability of the bag bodies filled with the filling material was thus determined.

The bag bodies filled with the filling material were subjected to the largest fluid force when placed near the shoreline. This is the most severe condition for evaluating the stability of the bag bodies.

When a bag body model is placed on the horizontal portion (<NUM>) starting from the end of the downward sloping portion, there is a gap between the bag body model and the upward sloping portion because the bag body model diameter on the horizontal portion is smaller than <NUM>. The start and end of the movement in the gap were measured.

The start of the movement of the bag body model caused by the waves was defined as the "start point. " When the bag body model came into contact with the upward sloping portion, it was determined to be the "end.

Table <NUM> shows the results. Table <NUM> shows H, H1, W/H1, WO, and W/WO in the stable state for eight diameters W in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>.

Referring to Table <NUM>, most of the data marked with "⊚" is H < H1, which seems different from <FIG>. This is because space is created between the mesh and the filling material when the bag body is lifted. If there is no such space, the filling material is fixed in the bag body, and such a bag body does not conform to where it is placed. This is why there is such a case.

<FIG> shows a graph of the data, where the abscissa represents the diameter W and the ordinate represents W/H1. It can be seen from <FIG> that, when the ratios of the diameter W to the restraining rope length H1 of the bag bodies <NUM> confirmed to be the most stable against waves are given by an approximation curve (curve connecting the points that represent the bag bodies marked with "⊚" in Table <NUM> and that are shown by "●" in the graph), W/H1 (diameter/restraining rope length) = <NUM> × W^<NUM> - <NUM> × W + <NUM>.

As used herein, "most stable" refers to the state in which the bag body is not moved due to turning up, tipping over, etc. between the "start point" and the "end.

The limit point to which stability against waves can be ensured is a wave height of <NUM> to less than <NUM>. It can also be seen from the figure that, when the ratios of the diameter W to the restraining rope length H1 of the bag bodies in this state are given by an approximation curve (curve connecting the points that represent the bag bodies marked with "○" in Table <NUM> and that are shown by "◆" in the graph), W/H1 (diameter/restraining rope length) = <NUM> × W^<NUM> - <NUM> × W + <NUM> (shown by a long dashed dotted line), and (curve connecting the points that represent the bag bodies marked with "●" in Table <NUM> and that are shown by "■" in the graph) W/H1 (diameter/restraining rope length) = <NUM> × W^<NUM> - <NUM> × W + <NUM> (shown by a long dashed double-dotted line).

According to the obtained curves, as W/H1 (diameter/restraining rope length) increases, the height of the bag body increases and the position of the center of gravity becomes higher, and therefore the bag body tips over, so that the bag significantly loses stability (long dashed dotted line).

As W/H1 (diameter/restraining rope length) decreases, the restraining property of the bag body is lost and the bag is turned up, so that the bag body significantly loses stability (long dashed double-dotted line).

The bag body shapes that fall within the range between the curves are the most effective against waves.

The actual bag bodies <NUM> are, for example, <NUM>-ton, <NUM>-ton, and <NUM>-ton bag bodies <NUM> depending on their sizes, and these bag bodies have different in W, H1, etc. from each other. Therefore, nondimensionalizaion based on the results in Table <NUM> will be described. Nondimensionalization is performed by dividing the diameter of the shape of the bag body containing the restraining rope and filled with the filling material when the bag body is most stable against waves based on the experimental results by WO = <NUM>.

<FIG> shows the results. Referring to <FIG>, the bag body characterized by W/H1 (diameter/restraining rope length) = <NUM> × (W/WO)^<NUM> - <NUM> × (W/WO) + <NUM> has the most stable shape against waves, where W represents the diameter of the bag <NUM> when the bag material is filled with stones, H1 represents the length of the restraining rope <NUM> from the bottom portion of the bag body <NUM> to the root position of a mouth closing rope <NUM> of the bag body through the center of the bag body10, and WO represents the diameter of the bag body <NUM> when the bag body <NUM> is the most stable against waves.

According to the obtained curves, as W/H1 (diameter/restraining rope length) increases, the height of the bag body increases and the position of the center of gravity becomes higher, and therefore the bag body may tip over, so that the bag significantly loses stability (long dashed dotted line).

As W/H1 (diameter/restraining rope length) decreases, the restraining performance of the bag body may be lost and the bag body may be turned up, so that the bag body significantly loses stability (long dashed double-dotted line).

The bag body shapes that fall within the range between the long dashed dotted line and the long dashed double-dotted line have stability against waves that is high enough to avoid movement due to turning up and tipping over. In order to quantify this range by the shapes for easier management during production of bag bodies, Table <NUM> was created using points having data on three or more values W.

Numerical values in parentheses indicate the ratios to the values calculated by the approximation curve W/H1 (diameter/restraining rope length) = <NUM> × (W/WO)^<NUM> - <NUM> × (W/WO) + <NUM>.

It can be seen from the above results that the range in which the bag body is stable is the range characterized in that W/H1 is the minimum ratio of <NUM>% to <NUM>%, and that when limited to W < WO, the predetermined range is <NUM>% to <NUM>%.

The restraining rope contained in the bag body can restrain movement of the filling material. However, in order to further increase the stability, an optimal value of the restraining rope was obtained.

By obtaining H1 = W/(<NUM> × (W/WO)^<NUM> - <NUM> × (W/WO) + <NUM>) based on the above expression, it is possible to obtain the length of the restraining rope of the bag material at an optimal fixing position after filling with the filling material according to the value of W. It is thus possible to provide a method for manufacturing a bag body having such a configuration.

<FIG> is a diagram showing a method for manufacturing a bag, body clearly indicating the length of the restraining rope at the optimum fixing position after filling with the filling material. Referring to <FIG>, in manufacturing of the bag body according to the present embodiment, the bag material <NUM> is placed into a bag production frame <NUM> having the shape of an inverted truncated hexagonal pyramid in such a manner that the lifting rope <NUM> around the opening of the bag material <NUM> is caught by the opening end of the production frame <NUM>. At this time, the mouth closing rope <NUM> is inserted through the mesh under the lifting rope <NUM> extending around the opening of the bag material <NUM>, one end of the restraining rope <NUM> is fixed to the bottom portion 16a of the bag material <NUM>, and the other end thereof is pulled out of the bag material <NUM> so as to pass through the center of the bag material <NUM>. In this state, the filling material <NUM> such as stones is placed into the bag material <NUM>.

H1 of the restraining rope <NUM> from the base portion 16a is obtained based on the above expression, and an optimal fixing position of the restraining rope is marked in advance at the restraining rope position of the obtained length (shown by ● in <FIG>). This marking allows to know at which position the rope should be tied when manufacturing the bag body.

Thereafter, the opening of the bag material is closed with the lifting rope <NUM>, and the portion around the closed opening is tied with the mouth closing rope <NUM>. The bag body is thus completed, and the bag body is removed from the production frame <NUM> by pulling up the restraining rope <NUM> and the lifting rope <NUM> together.

The restraining rope <NUM> is preferably a rope or belt made of synthetic fibers.

Calculation examples of the length H1 of the restraining rope are shown for reference. Of the bag bodies marked with "⊚," the bag body with W = <NUM> (actual size <NUM>) has a restraining rope length H1 of <NUM>, the bag body with W = <NUM> (actual size <NUM>) has a restraining rope length H1 of <NUM>, and the bag body with W =<NUM> (actual size <NUM>) has a restraining rope length H1 of <NUM>.

The above embodiment illustrates the case where one restraining rope is attached to the bottom portion of the bag material. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the restraining rope may include mesh at the bottom portion of the bag material bundled and pulled up toward the mouth portion.

The above embodiment illustrates the case where the optimal fixing position of the restraining rope is marked in advance at one restraining rope position. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the restraining rope may be a combination of a collection of mesh at the bottom portion of the bag material bundled and pulled up toward the mouth portion and a rope connected to the collection, and the optimal fixing position of the restraining rope may be marked on the combination.

Although the embodiment of the present invention is described above with reference to the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment. Various modifications and variations can be made to the illustrated embodiment within the scope that is the same as or equivalent to that of the invention, that is defined by the appended claims.

The bag body according to the present invention has the highest stability against waves, and is therefore advantageously used as a bag that is stable against waves.

Claim 1:
A bag body comprising a bag material (<NUM>) including a bottom portion (16a) and an opening portion, wherein a lifting rope (<NUM>) is provided around the opening portion, a restraining rope (<NUM>) that is pulled out through the opening portion is provided at the bottom portion (16a),
the bag material (<NUM>) is filled with a filling material (<NUM>) to form the bag body (<NUM>),
the opening portion is closed after the bag material (<NUM>) is filled with the filling material (<NUM>), and characterized in that,
the bag body (<NUM>) is within a predetermined range centered about a curve given by W/H1 (diameter/restraining rope (<NUM>) length) = <NUM> × (W/W0)^<NUM> - <NUM> × (W/W0) + <NUM>,
where W represents a diameter of the bag body (<NUM>), H1 represents a length of the restraining rope (<NUM>) from a bottom portion (16a) of the bag body (<NUM>) to a root position (16b) of a mouth closing rope (<NUM>) of the bag material (<NUM>) through a center of the bag body (<NUM>), and W0 represents a diameter of the bag body (<NUM>) when the bag body (<NUM>) formed by filling the bag material (<NUM>) with the filling material (<NUM>) is most stable against waves.