Patent Description:
Exercise apparatuses are used in a variety of forms of exercise both at home and in a gym, fitness studio or public workout space. An example of such an exercise apparatus is a Pilates reformer, commonly used for Pilates training. Typically, Pilates training involves the use of variable resistance, using springs or the like, which has been found to be beneficial when used incorporated into Pilates exercises.

Springs are typically connected between a carriage and the end of a frame of the exercise apparatus to provide the required variable resistance. Typically, the entire spring is connected to/removed from the exercise apparatus, which is a complex and time consuming process for the user. This is a particular problem when the exercise apparatus is being used in a live or virtual class, and the user wastes times connecting/removing the springs. Additionally, there is a safety concern associated with the connecting/removal of the springs as the user can trap a body part.

In addition, these types of exercise apparatus take up a relatively large amount of space in the public workout space or home. Since the exercise apparatus only allows for variable resistance training or bodyweight training, there are limits in terms of the range of exercises the user can perform, and the range of strength and fitness goals the user can readily achieve. Therefore, it is likely the user will have to use separate equipment if they have fitness goals outside the limits of the exercise apparatus known in the art.

Due to the size and expense of common exercise apparatuses, there are significant disadvantages in having to buy an entirely separate exercise apparatus to perform a wider range of exercises. This is especially problematic in a class where the instructor wants to combine variable resistance training with constant resistance training. <CIT> discloses translating carriage exercise machines and methods of use.

The present teachings seek to overcome or at least mitigate one or more problems associated with the prior art.

A first aspect of the teachings provides an exercise apparatus for assisting a user with a range of exercises, the exercise apparatus comprising:.

Advantageously, the exercise apparatus includes two different resistance systems. The first resistance system can be used for variable resistance training. The first resistance system includes the resilient member, meaning that as the displacement of the carriage relative to the frame increases, the tensile force exerted on the resilient member increases. The second resistance system can be used for constant resistance training. The second resistance system includes a load, and the force required to displace the load is constant throughout the movement range of the actuation member by the user.

The two types of resistance systems, variable and constant, have been found to have different advantages depending on the movement performed and the overall fitness goal of the user. Variable resistance training has the benefits of increasing the resistance when the muscles are at their strongest point in the movement. This can have increased strength benefits because the user is not limited by the maximum strength at the weakest point in the movement. Additionally, the risk of injury has been found to be lower for variable resistance training. Constant resistance training has the benefits of being more functional, meaning the movements used in specific sports are better replicated by constant resistance training. Additionally, constant resistance training has been found to stimulate more muscles at one time, because muscles are used to stabilise the working muscle.

Additionally, the user can perform exercises using a combination of constant and variable resistance concurrently or successively on the same apparatus. Therefore, it is advantageous to provide an exercise apparatus which allows for both variable resistance training and constant resistance training in an apparatus that is compact and self-contained, minimising the space required in fitness studios, gyms and the like.

The frame may comprise a second section extending in a substantially vertical direction from a first end of the frame. Advantageously, the vertical section provides a surface for the user to engage with when performing exercises. Additionally, the vertical section is space efficient as it takes up minimal floor space.

The first frame section may be pivotable relative to the second frame section between the generally horizontal position and a generally vertical position.

Advantageously, the folding of the first section creates additional floor space, meaning the user can perform a greater range of exercises without being obstructed by the first section of the frame. This is particularly advantageous when the user is performing exercises using the second resistance system.

The frame may include a securing mechanism for securing the first section to the second section when the first section is in the generally vertical position.

Advantageously, the provision of a securing mechanism help to retain the frame in the vertical position, and may inhibit the first section from being released from the vertical position and injuring the user.

The first resilient member may be located on the second section, optionally in a generally vertical orientation, optionally the first resilient member may be spaced apart from the first end of the first section.

Advantageously, since the user is supported on the carriage which is slidably supported on the first section, the first resilient member is out of the way of the user when located on the second section. This increases the safety of the exercise apparatus because the likelihood of the user trapping or catching a body part on the resilient member is reduced. Additionally, this reduces the level of noise experienced by the user because the first resilient member is further away from the user.

The first resilient member may be removably connectable to the carriage via a connecting member, optionally the connecting member may be a cable, cord, rope or the like.

Advantageously, this means the user engages with the connecting member instead of the resilient member, increasing the safety of the exercise apparatus and accessibility of the resilient member via the connecting member. Additionally, the connecting member being removable means that the transfer of the tensile force from the carriage to the first resilient member is removable, which increases the versatility of the exercise apparatus.

The connecting member may be connectable to the carriage via a first attachment device, for example a loop.

Advantageously, this connects the resilient member to the carriage via the connecting member and facilitates the transfer of the tensile force, without the user having to directly engage with the first resilient member.

The carriage may include a first attachment location for connecting to the first attachment device, optionally the first attachment location may be positioned at least partially beyond an upper edge of an upper surface of the carriage.

Advantageously, the provision of an attachment location is a simple way for the user to connect the connecting member to the carriage. The attachment location being located beyond an upper edge of an upper surface of the carriage improves the visibility of the attachment location and helps to prevent the attachment location from obstructing the user when they perform an exercise.

The first resistance system may include a second resilient member, and the second resilient member may be removably connected between the carriage and a second end of the frame.

Advantageously, this provides a second tensile force in an opposing direction to the first tensile force, which increases the range of exercises the user can perform. Additionally, the provision of a second resilient member increases the number of possible resistance levels selectable by the user.

The second resilient member may include a second attachment device for removably connecting the second resilient member to the carriage, for example a loop.

Advantageously, this connects the second resilient member the carriage and facilitates the transfer of the tensile force. Additionally, the second connecting member being removable means that the transfer of the tensile force from the carriage to the second resilient member is removable, which increases the versatility of the exercise apparatus.

The frame may include a second attachment location for connecting the second attachment device.

Advantageously, the provision of the second attachment location is a simple way for the user to connect the second resilient member to the frame.

The exercise apparatus may comprise a second carriage, optionally the first carriage and second carriage may be slidable relative to each other.

Advantageously, this increases the versatility of the exercise apparatus because the user can perform a greater range of exercises.

The first resistance system may include a third resilient member, and a first end of the third resilient member may be removably connected to the first carriage, and a second end of the third resilient member may be removably connected to the second carriage.

Advantageously, this provides a third tensile force between the first and second carriages, which increases the range of exercises the user can perform. Additionally, the provision of a third resilient member increases the number of possible resistance levels selectable by the user.

The third resilient member may include a third attachment device for removeably connecting the first and second carriages, for example a loop.

Advantageously, this connects the third resilient member to the first and second carriages and facilitates the transfer of the tensile force. Additionally, the third connecting member being removeable means that the transfer of the tensile force from the first and second carriages to the third resilient member is removeable, which increases the versatility of the exercise apparatus.

The first or second carriage may include a third attachment location for connecting to the third attachment device, optionally the third attachment location may be positioned at least partially beyond an upper edge of an upper surface of the first or second carriage.

Advantageously, the provision of a third attachment location is a simple way for the user to connect the resilient member to the carriage. The third attachment location being located at least partially beyond an upper edge of an upper surface of the first or second carriage improves the visibility of the attachment location and helps to prevent the attachment location from obstructing the user when they perform an exercise.

At least one of the second and/or third resilient members may be supported on an underside of the first and/or the second carriage.

Advantageously, this minimises user contact with the resilient members and therefore increases safety of the exercise apparatus. Additionally, the likelihood of the resilient members obstructing the user when they perform an exercise is reduced, and supports the springs in the correct position when the first section is in the vertical position.

The underside of the first carriage may include at least one channel for housing the second resilient member, optionally the underside of the second carriage may include at least one channel for housing the third resilient member.

Advantageously, the channel retains the resilient members on the underside of the carriage, and reduces the level of noise as the resilient members extend and contract.

The first resilient member may be a first set of resilient members and each of the first set of resilient members may be removably connected to the frame and/or the carriage, optionally the second resilient member may be a second set of resilient members and each of the second set of resilient members may be removably connected to the frame and/or carriage, and optionally the third resilient member may be a third set of resilient members and each of the third set of resilient members may be removably connected to the first carriage and/or second carriage.

Advantageously, any combination of resilient members from the first, second and third sets can be connected to the frame and/or the carriages. This increases the range of resistance levels available to the user, and therefore makes the exercise apparatus suitable for a range of abilities and a range of fitness goals, for example recovering from injury or strength gains.

At least one of first, second and/or third resilient members may be springs.

Advantageously, springs can provide the required range of stiffness suitable for the tensile force requirements of the resilient members. Additionally, springs are simple to manufacture and are durable.

The second resistance system may include a support connected to the frame, and the support may be configured to support the load, optionally the support may be connected to the first actuation member.

The second resistance system may include a first pulley system connected to the actuation member, optionally the second resistance system may include a second pulley system connected to the actuation member.

Advantageously, the first and/or second pulley system is a simple way of facilitating the transfer of the force exerted by the user on the actuation member to displace the load.

The exercise apparatus may comprise at least one fixed carriage removably assembled on the frame, optionally the fixed carriage may restrict the movement of the first carriage.

Advantageously, this increases the size of the carriage, and provides a stationary base on which the user can perform a greater range of exercises.

The frame may include a handle beam located at the first end of the frame, optionally the handle beam may be pivotable relative to the frame.

Advantageously, the provision of the handle beam assists the user in performing a greater range of exercises on the exercise apparatus. The handle beam being pivotable means the handle beam can be moved out of the way of the user when they perform an exercise, and when the exercise apparatus is in the vertical position.

The frame may include a leg located at the second end of the frame, optionally a section of the leg may extend in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the first section.

Advantageously, the leg supports the frame and can be used to perform additional exercises when the frame is in the vertical position.

The second resistance system may comprise a plurality of weighted members, for example weighted plates, and at least one of the weighted members may be mounted to the frame to provide the load.

Advantageously, this means the user can selectively mount the plates to the frame in order to provide a range of different loads. This increases the versatility of the exercise apparatus as it can be used by a range of different abilities.

A further aspect of the teachings provides an exercise apparatus for assisting a user with a range of exercises, the exercise apparatus comprising:.

Embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:.

<FIG> shows an exercise apparatus of an embodiment of the present teachings generally indicated at <NUM>. Typically, the exercise apparatus <NUM> is used to perform Pilates exercises, however the exercise apparatus <NUM> may be used to perform a variety of further exercises - e.g. for other disciplines similar to Pilates or for more general strength and core stability based exercises. The exercise apparatus <NUM> is suitable for use in a gym, a fitness studio, a public space or in a user's home.

The exercise apparatus <NUM> includes a frame <NUM>, at least one carriage 14a-d, a first resistance system <NUM> and a second resistance system <NUM>. In this embodiment, the frame <NUM> includes a first section 12a and a second section 12b, however in alternative embodiments any suitable number of frame sections may be provided.

It shall be appreciated that the term "horizontal" refers to a direction parallel to the floor, also referred to as the x-axis, and the term 'vertical' refers to a direction perpendicular to the floor, also referred to as the y-axis. The z-axis is an axis perpendicular to the x-axis and the y-axis, as illustrated in <FIG>.

As depicted in <FIG>, the first frame section 12a extends in the generally horizontal direction and has a first end 13a and a second end 13b. The second frame section 12b extends in a generally vertical direction from the first end 13a of the first section 12a and has a first end 15a and a second end 15b.

The frame <NUM> is at least partially manufactured from a metallic material, in this embodiment steel, however in alternative embodiments any suitable material may be used, for example wood.

The first section 12a is pivotable relative to the second section 12b between a generally horizontal position and a generally vertical position, as illustrated in <FIG>. This results in a more space efficient exercise apparatus <NUM>, which is especially useful when performing certain exercises using the second resistance system <NUM>. A pivot mechanism 31a, 31b is provided in order to facilitate pivoting of the first section 12a into the generally vertical position. In this embodiment, the pivot mechanism is a first bearing 31a and a second bearing 31b. In alternative embodiments, any suitable pivot mechanism may be used, for example a bush.

The frame <NUM> includes a securing mechanism for securing first section 12a in the vertical position. In this embodiment, the securing mechanism includes a latching member 33a and a retaining member 33b, however in alternative embodiments any suitable securing mechanism may be used, for example a pin. The latching member 33a is located on the second section 12b, and the retaining member 33b is located on the first section 12a. The latching member 33a and the retaining member 33b are positioned such that when the first section 12a is pivoted into the vertical position, the latching member 33a is retained within the retaining member 33b.

The latching member 33a is biased into a latched position by a spring. The retaining member 33b moves past the latching member 33a as the first section 12a is pivoted from horizontal to vertical, and forces the latching member 33a into an unlatched position. Once the retaining member 33b has moved past the latching member 33a, the force from the spring pivots the latching member 33a into the latched position and the retaining member 33b is secured in the latched position. A pedal <NUM> is provided to pivot the latching member 33a into the unlatched position and release the retaining member 33b. The securing mechanism may be provided at either side of the frame <NUM>, or alternatively two securing mechanisms may be provided, one at each side of the frame.

The securing mechanism improves the safety of the exercise apparatus <NUM>. This is particularly advantageous when the first section 12a is in the vertical position and the exercise performed by the user exerts a downward force on the first section 12a.

The pivoting action may be assisted by a gas strut 45a, 45b or the like that is arranged to counteract the weight of the first section 12a so a user does not need to lift its full weight themselves.

The first section 12a includes a leg <NUM>, a first frame member 22a and a second frame member 22b, and a first ledge 30a and a second ledge 30b. However, in alternative embodiments any of combination of these features may be included/omitted.

The first frame member 22a and the second frame member 22b extend in the generally horizontal direction and are spaced apart in the z-direction. The first and second frame members 22a, 22b of this embodiment are elongate parallel beams, however any suitable frame member may be used. The first and second ledges 30a, 30b extend from the first and second frame members 22a, 22b respectively towards a central longitudinal axis of the first section 12a.

The leg <NUM> extends from the second end 13b of the first section 12a. The leg <NUM> includes a section 20a extending in the generally vertical direction towards the floor. This means that the first section 12a is raised off the floor. In this embodiment, the leg <NUM> also includes a second section 20b extending in the z-direction. As well as supporting the first section 12a, the leg <NUM> enables the user to perform additional exercises when the first section 12a is in the vertical position, for example a pull up.

The second section 12b includes a first frame member 23a, a second frame member 23b, at least one vertical panel 36a-c, a monitor <NUM>, a handle beam <NUM>, a first support arm 37a and a second support arm 37b. However, in alternative embodiments any of combination of these features may be included/omitted.

The first and second frame members 23a, 23b extend in the generally vertical direction. In this embodiment, the first and second frame members 23a, 23b are elongate beams, however any suitable frame member may be used. The first and second frame members 23a, 23b are spaced apart in the z-direction so as to define a space <NUM> therebetween.

In this embodiment, a first panel 36a, a second panel 36b and a third panel 36c are provided, however any suitable number of panels may be used. A plane of each of the panels 36a, 36b is substantially parallel to the vertical direction. The first, second and third panels 36a-c are located in the space defined between the first and second frame members 23a, 23b. A width of each of the first, second and third panels 36a, 36b, 36c is approximately equal to a distance between the first and second frame members 23a, 23b.

The first panel 36a is located towards the first end 15a of the second section 12b. The second panel 36b is located below the first panel 36a. The third panel 36c is located below the second panel 36c. The panels 36a-c connect the first and second frame members 23a, 23b together to provide strength and rigidity to the second section 12b.

The monitor <NUM> is located on the second panel 36b, however in alternative embodiments the monitor <NUM> may be located anywhere on the second section 14b. Alternatively, the monitor may be provided separately to the frame, for example to the side of the frame. The monitor <NUM> may be used to show pre-recorded exercise classes. The monitor <NUM> is located so as to maximise visibility for the greatest range of possible exercises.

The third panel 36c is used to assist the user with certain exercises and may be referred to as a kick board or jump board. For example, the user can perform a squat jump off the third panel 36c by placing their feet on the third panel 36c and pushing off. The third panel 36c is covered with a deformable material, for example a foam, to improve user comfort. It shall be appreciated that in an alternative embodiment, a single panel may be provided which incorporates all of the functions of the first, second and third panels.

The handle beam <NUM> is mounted to the second section 12b, however in alternative embodiments the handle beam may be mounted at any suitable location on the frame, for example towards the first end 13a of the first section 12a. The handle beam <NUM> assists the user when performing certain exercises. The handle beam <NUM> is pivotable relative to the frame <NUM> between a generally vertical position and a generally horizontal position. Advantageously, this means the handle beam <NUM> can be pivoted out of the way of the user when it is not needed to perform the exercise. In this embodiment, bushes are used to connect the handle beam <NUM> to the frame <NUM>, however any suitable component may be used, for example a bearing.

The pivot axes of the handle beam <NUM> and first section 12a are independent of one another. This helps to prevent the handle beam <NUM> from obstructing the pivoting of the first section 12a into the vertical position.

The handle beam <NUM> includes a section 39a extending in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the first and section sections 12a, 12b. In this embodiment, the handle beam <NUM> is substantially U-shaped. The handle beam <NUM> enables the user to perform additional exercises, for example by pushing off the handle beam <NUM> with the hands or feet.

The handle beam <NUM> includes at least one hole to facilitate the securing of the handle beam <NUM> in the generally vertical position using a retaining mechanism <NUM>. The retaining mechanism 41a, 41b includes a first retaining member 41a and a second retaining member 41b located on opposing sides of the frame <NUM>. The first and second retaining members 41a, 41b are located within the holes in the handle beam <NUM> when the handle beam <NUM> is in the vertical position in order to secure the handle beam <NUM> in the vertical position. The first retaining member 41a is spring loaded. This means that when the first retaining member 41a is aligned with a hole in the handle beam <NUM>, the spring forces the retaining member 41a into the hole. The second retaining member 41b is manually inserted into the hole in the handle beam <NUM>. In alternative embodiments, any suitable mechanism may be used to secure the handle beam, or both of the retaining members may be springloaded/manually operated.

The first and second support arms 37a, 37b extend from opposing sides of the second section 12b. The first section 12a is located between the first and second support arms 37a, 37b. In this embodiment, the first and second support arms 37a, 37b extend from the first and second frame members 23a, 23b and are substantially L-shaped. A first section of each of the first and second support arms 37a, 37b extends in the horizontal direction. A second section of each of the first and second support arms 37a, 37b extends in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, a vertical height of the first and second support arms 37a, 37b is approximately equal to a vertical height of the first section 12a. This helps to prevent the frame <NUM> from obstructing the user.

The pivot mechanism 31a, 31b, in this embodiment the first and second bearing, are mounted to the frame <NUM> via the first and second support arms 37a, 37b. The securing mechanism, the handle beam <NUM> and the retaining mechanism <NUM> are also mounted to frame <NUM> via the support arms 37a, 37b. The first and second support arms 37a, 37b are also used to mount additional components of the exercise apparatus to the frame, as described in more detail below. Therefore, the configuration of the support arms 37a, 37b provides a compact way on mounting a range of components to the frame <NUM>, with minimal obstruction to the user.

In this embodiment, the exercise apparatus <NUM> includes a first carriage 14a and a second carriage 14b for supporting the user. As illustrated in <FIG>, an additional third carriage 14c and a fourth carriage 14d are provided, however in alternative embodiments any number of carriages may be used. The first and second carriages 14a, 14b are 'slidable' carriages, and the third and fourth carriages 14c, 14d are 'fixed' carriages. As illustrated in <FIG>, the third and fourth carriage 14c, 14d are removable. An axial length of the first section 12a is approximately equal to a total length of the four carriages 14a-d in the same direction. A width of the first section 12a is approximately equal to a width of each of the four carriages 14a-d. This means that when all four carriages are assembled on the frame, movement of the carriages is restricted in the y and z directions.

The first carriage 14a and the second carriage 14b are slidably supported on the first section 12a of the frame. Additionally, the first carriage 14a can be slidable relative to the second carriage 14b. The first and second carriages 14a, 14b can also be secured together such that the first and second carriages 14a, 14b act as one body. Any suitable mechanism may be used to secure the first and second carriages 14a, 14b, for example a latch.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the carriages 14a, 14b are slidably supported on the ledges 30a, 30b of the first and second frame members 22a, 22b.

The first and second carriages 14a, 14b each include at least one set of wheels 24a-d, 25a-d for slidably engaging with the first and second rails 22a, 22b. In this embodiment, the first and second carriages 14a, 14b are each provided with four sets of wheels, 24a-d, 25a-d. The sets of wheels 24a-d, 25a-d are located at opposing ends of outer edges of the first and second carriages 14a, 14b. Advantageously, the locations of the wheels uniformly supports the weight of the user and helps to prevent the carriages 14a, 14b from tipping relative to the first section 12a.

In this embodiment, each set of wheels includes two axial wheels and one alignment wheel, as illustrated in <FIG>. The axial wheels rotatably engage with the respective first and second ledges 30a, 30b so as to facilitate the movement of the carriages in the horizontal direction. The alignment wheel is located in between the two axial wheels. The alignment wheel rotatably engages with a side wall of each of the respective first or side frame member 22a, 22b. This has the advantages of improving the smoothness as the carriages 14a, 14b slide relative to the frame <NUM>.

It shall be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, any suitable mechanism for slidably supporting the carriages on the frame may be used, for example a belt and roller system. Additionally, any suitable arrangement of wheels may be used, for example the aligning wheel may be omitted.

The second carriages 14b includes a removable support <NUM> for supporting the head and shoulders of the user when they perform an exercise. The removable support <NUM> helps to prevent the user from sliding along the carriages 14a, 14b towards the second end 13b when they perform a movement. Although only one removable support <NUM> is illustrated in the <FIG>, it shall be appreciated that a first and second removable support could be provided at opposing sides of the first or second carriage. For reasons of conciseness and brevity, only the removable support <NUM> shall be described herein.

The removable support <NUM> includes a body <NUM> and a covering (not shown). The body <NUM> provides the structural strength required to support the user. The body <NUM> may be manufactured from a metallic material, such as an aluminium alloy. The covering is deformable, and therefore provides a cushioning effect to improve user comfort. The covering may be manufactured from a foam, or any other suitable material.

A portion of the support <NUM> extends over an upper surface of the first and/or second carriage 14a, 14b, and a portion extends in the vertical direction. The support <NUM> also includes a groove extending in the horizontal direction which partially receives the first or second carriage 14a, 14b. The support is secured into place using pins (not shown). It shall be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, any suitable arrangement of support may be used.

The third and fourth carriages 14c, 14d are fixed carriages, meaning they do not include wheels. The third and fourth carriages 14c, 14d are located towards the second end 13b of the first section 12a. However, in alternative embodiments, both the third and fourth carriage 14c, 14d may be located at the first end 13a, at one at either end 13a, 13b of the first section 12a.

As discussed above, when the third are fourth carriages 14c, 14d are assembled in the fixed position on the first section 12a of the frame <NUM>, they restrict the movement of the slidable carriages 14a, 14b. This means the user can perform exercises on a stationary base, which increases the versatility of the exercise apparatus <NUM>. Additionally, this provides a larger base compared to the first and second carriages 14a, 14b only, and helps to prevent the user from falling off the first and second carriages 14a, 14b into the space defined between the first and section frame members 22a, 22b.

The carriages 14a-d each include a first generally planar top panel 26a-d. The top panels 26a-d support the user, and are therefore at least partially covered with a padded material, for example a foam. This increases the level of comfort experienced by the user.

The first and second carriages 14a, 14b also includes a generally planar base panel 28a, 28b and a plate 27a, 27b. Advantageously, the base panels 28a, 28b hide components of the exercise apparatus <NUM> from view when the first section 12a is in the vertical position. The planes of the top panels 26a-d and base panels 28a, 28b are parallel. The top panels 26a, 26b and the base panels 28a, 28b are spaced apart so as to define a space therebetween. The plates 27a, 27b are located in the space between the top panels 26a, 26b and the base panels 28a, 28b.

It shall be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, any suitable arrangement of panels and/or plates may be used to assemble the carriage.

With reference to <FIG> and <FIG> in particular, the first resistance system <NUM> includes a first resilient member 34a removably connected to at least one of the carriages 14a, 14b and/or the frame <NUM>, as illustrated in <FIG>. The first resistance system <NUM> also includes a connecting member 38a, a first attachment device 40a, a first attachment location <NUM> and a pulley system <NUM>. In this embodiment, a first end 35a of the first resilient member 34a is removably connected to the carriage 14a, and a second end 35b of the resilient member 34a is connected to the first carriage 14a via the connecting member 38a. However, in alternative embodiments, the first resilient member may be removably connected to the second carriage and/or to the second section.

The first resistance system <NUM> is used for variable resistance training. As the carriage 14a is displaced relative to the frame <NUM>, a tensile force is exerted on the resilient member 34a. As the displacement increases, the tensile force exerted on the resilient member increases, hence the resistance felt by the user varies throughout the movement. Variable resistance training has the benefits of increasing resistance when the muscles are at their strongest point in the movement. This can have increased strength benefits because the user is not limited by the maximum strength at the weakest point in the movement. Additionally, the risk of injury has been found to be lower for variable resistance training.

An example of a movement which benefits from the addition of variable resistance is a leg press. To perform a leg press, the user lies with their back flat on the carriages 14a and 14b, their legs bent and their feet positioned against the first end 13a of the first section frame 12a. The user pushes against the third panel 36c and extends their legs. This causes the carriage 14a to move towards the second end 13b of the frame <NUM>, and for the resilient member 34a to lengthen and exert a variable resistance on the carriage 14a. It shall be appreciated that this is one example of a wide range of exercises that can be performed on the exercise apparatus <NUM>.

The first resilient member 34a includes a first end 35a and a second end 35b, and is located on the second section 12b. The first resilient member 34a extends in a generally vertical orientation. In this embodiment, the first resilient member 34a is spaced apart from the first end 13a of the first section 12a in the vertical direction and is located substantially centrally on the second section 12a in the z-direction. In alternative embodiments, the first resilient member may be located at any suitable location on the frame.

The first end 35a of the first resilient member 34a is located towards the first end 15a of the second section 12b. In this embodiment, the first end 35a of the resilient member 34a is connected to a cross member <NUM> which extends along the x-axis in a direction away from the first section 12a. The first end 35a of the first resilient member 34a is hooked, and a ring 48a is fastened to the cross member <NUM> using a threaded fastener. To connect the resilient member 34a to the second section 12b, the hooked end 35a is located within the ring 48a. It shall be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, any suitable mechanism for connecting the resilient member 34a to the frame <NUM> may be used, and the ledge, ring and/or hooked end may be omitted. For example, the rings may be directly fastened to the second section without the ledge.

The second end 35b of the first resilient member 34a is connected to the first carriage 14a via the connecting member 38a. However, in alternative embodiments the resilient member 34a may be directly connected to the first or second carriage 14a, 14b. The connecting member 38a extends in the generally vertical direction, and is substantially coaxial with the resilient member 34a when the connecting member 38a is under tension.

In this embodiment, the connecting member 38a is a cable, however in alternative embodiments any suitable member may be used, for example a cord or a rope. The connecting member 38a is inextensible, meaning that displacement of the carriage 14a causes negligible lengthening of the connecting member 38a. This means the resistance transferred by the connecting member 38a is negligible compared to the resistance transferred by the resilient member 34a.

To connect the resilient member 34a to the connecting member 38a, the second end 35b is hooked, and the connecting member 38a is tied to the hooked end 35b. In alternative embodiments, any suitable connection may be used.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the connecting member 38a also includes the attachment device 40a located at an end of the connecting member 38a. In this embodiment, the attachment device 40a is a loop, however any suitable attachment device may be used. The loop 40a includes a clasp <NUM>, for example a toggle, for securing the loop and retaining the loop in the correct position when the user exerts the tensile force on the connecting member 38a.

The carriage 14a includes the first attachment location <NUM>, however in alternative embodiments the first attachment location <NUM> may be located on the second carriage 14b, or on the frame <NUM>. The first attachment location <NUM> is used to connect the connection member 38a to the first carriage 14a.

In this embodiment, the first attachment location <NUM> is positioned at least partially beyond an upper edge of an upper surface of the carriage 14a, as illustrated in <FIG>. This improves the visibility of the attachment location <NUM> and helps to prevent the attachment location <NUM> from obstructing the user when they perform an exercise. In this embodiment, the attachment location <NUM> is a protruded edge extending from the plate 27a of the first carriage 14a, however in alternative embodiments the attachment location may be positioned anywhere on the first or second carriage, for example on the top or bottom panels.

The attachment location <NUM> includes an attachment point 50a extending from the attachment location <NUM>. In this embodiment, the attachment point 50a is spherical, however any suitable shape may be used. To connect the connecting member 38a to the attachment location <NUM>, the attachment device 40a engages with the attachment point 50a. When the user wants to connect the resilient member 34a to the carriage 14a, the loop 40a engages behind a base of the attachment point 50a. Alternatively, any suitable mechanism for connecting the connecting member to the first carriage may be used, for example a pin.

The connecting member 38a enables the user to connect the resilient member 34a to the first carriage 14a without having to touch the resilient member 34a. This reduces the likelihood of entrapment of a body part, and therefore increases the safety level of the exercise apparatus. Additionally, the use of the attachment point 50a and the attachment device 40a provides a simple way for the user to connect and remove the resilient member 34a depending on the amount of resistance required to perform the exercise.

In this embodiment, the pulley system <NUM> is used to transfer the tensile force from the carriage 14a to the resilient member 34a, as illustrated in <FIG>. The pulley system <NUM> includes a first pulley 52a and a second pulley 54a. In alternative embodiments, any suitable number of pulleys may be used, or the pulley system may be omitted altogether.

The pulley system <NUM> is located in the space <NUM> of the second section 12b. The pulley system <NUM> is located at the second end 15b of the second section 12b, however in alternative embodiments the pulley system <NUM> may be located anywhere on the frame <NUM>. The first pulley 52a is mounted on a lower bracket 56a extending in the z-direction, and the second pulley 54a is mounted on an upper bracket 56b extending in the x-direction. The connecting member 38a extends through the first pulley 52a and then through the second pulley 54a, before being connected to the first attachment location <NUM>.

The second pulley 54a includes a stop <NUM> to help prevent the attachment device 40a from being pulled through the pulley 54a. In this embodiment, the stop <NUM> is a bar extending in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the pulley 52a. The stop <NUM> is arranged so as to allow the connecting member 38a to pass underneath the stop, but to prevent the clasp <NUM> from passing underneath the stop.

As illustrated in <FIG>, in this embodiment a first set of resilient members 34a-e is provided. In the embodiment, the set includes five resilient member 34a-e for transferring resistance to the first carriage 14a, however in alternative embodiments any suitable number of resilient members may be used. It shall be appreciated that each of the resilient members 34b-e are of substantially the same configuration as the resilient member 34a. There is also a connecting member 38be, attachment device 40b-e, pulley system 44b-e, attachment point 50a-e and ring 48a-e associated with each of the resilient members 34b-e of substantially the same configuration as described above.

Each of the first resilient members 34a-e are located adjacent one another and spaced apart in the z-direction. The first resilient members 34a-e are located behind the vertical panels <NUM>. This keeps the resilient members 34a-e out of the way of the user and hides them from view, which improves the aesthetics of the exercise apparatus <NUM>. The attachment points 50a-e and the pulley systems <NUM> are also located adjacent one another and spaced apart in the z-direction. The spacing between the first resilient members 34a-e, the pulley systems <NUM> and the attachment points 50a-e is approximately equidistant. This means that the resilient members 34a-e and the connecting members 38a-e are substantially parallel to one another. This helps to prevent the resilient members 34a-e and/or connecting members 38a-e from becoming entangled during use of the exercise apparatus <NUM>.

As the resilient members 34a-e are removably connectable to the carriage 14a, different members of the set of resilient members 34a-e may be connected to the carriage <NUM> in different combinations. This increases the range of resistance levels available to the user, and therefore makes the exercise apparatus suitable for a range of abilities and a range of fitness goals. The stiffness of each of the resilient members 34a-e may vary. For example, the stiffness (spring rate) of each of the resilient members may progressively increase. This further increases the resistance levels available to the user.

The attachment devices 40a-e and attachment points 50a-e may be colour coded depending on the stiffness (spring rate) of the resilient members 34a-e in order to simplify the attachment process for the user. For example, there may be four different colours of attachment device and attachment point corresponding to four different stiffness values. This may be particularly advantageous if the exercise apparatus is being used during a class. In alternative embodiments, the attachment points and attachment devices associated with each resilient member may be labelled, for example using a numbering system.

In this embodiment, the first resistance system <NUM> also includes a second resilient member 58a, a second attachment device and a second attachment location <NUM>. The first resistance system <NUM> also includes a third resilient member 64a, a third attachment device (not shown) and a third attachment location <NUM>. The first resistance system also includes a fourth resilient member, a second connecting member 72a and a second pulley system <NUM>. It shall be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, any suitable number of resilient members may be used or omitted. <FIG> and <FIG> show the features associated with the second and third resilient members 58a, 64a. For clarity purposes, only the components of the first resistance system <NUM> are labelled in <FIG> and <FIG>.

The second resilient member 58a is removably connected between the second end 13b of the first section 12a and the second carriage 14b. This provides a second tensile force in an opposing direction to the first tensile force, which increases the range of exercises the user can perform. Additionally, the provision of the second resilient member 58a increases the number of possible resistance levels selectable by the user.

The second resilient member 58a includes a first end 59a and a second end 59b, and extends in a generally horizontal orientation. In this embodiment, the second resilient member 58a is supported on an underside of the second carriage 14a. This retains the second resilient member in the correct position when the first section 12a is pivoted into the vertical position.

The second resilient member 58a is supported on the plate 27b located between the top panel 26b and the bottom panel 28b. In alternative embodiments, the second resilient member may be located anywhere on the first or second carriage, or instead on the frame. Alternatively, the plate may be omitted and any suitable support may be used.

The second resilient member is housed within a channel (not shown) located on the underside of the second carriage 14b. The channel extends in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first section 12a, and is substantially rectangular. The channel is manufactured from a sound absorbent material, for example a felt. This reduces the level of noise as the second resilient member extends and contracts.

The first end 59a of the second resilient member 58a is connected to the underside of the second carriage 14b in substantially the same way as the first end 35a of the first resilient member 34a. A ring 78a is fastened to the second carriage 14b, in this embodiment to the plate 27b of the second carriage 14b. The first end 59a is hooked, and the hooked end 59a is located within the ring 78a to connect the second resilient member 58a to the second carriage 14b.

The second end of the second resilient member 58a is connected to the first section 12a of the frame <NUM> via the second attachment device (not shown). The second attachment device is of substantially the same configuration to the first attachment device 40a-e. The second attachment device is connected to the second end 59b. The second attachment device of this embodiment is a loop, however any suitable attachment device may be used. Alternatively, the second attachment device may be omitted and the resilient member 58a may be directly connected the second attachment location <NUM>.

The first section 12a of the frame <NUM> includes the second attachment location <NUM>, however in alternative embodiments, the second attachment location <NUM> may be located on the first or second carriage 14a, 14b. The second attachment location <NUM> is used to connect the second attachment device to the first section 12a, and therefore connect the second resilient member 58a to the first section 12a.

Similarly to the first attachment location <NUM>, the second attachment location <NUM> includes an attachment point 80a of substantially the same configuration. The attachment device engages behind a base of the second attachment point 80a in order to securely connect the second resilient members 58a to the second end 13b of the first section 12a.

As illustrated in <FIG>, in this embodiment a set of resilient members 58a-c is provided. In this embodiment the second set includes three resilient members 34a-c for transferring resistance to the second carriage 14b, however in alternative embodiments, any suitable number of resilient members may be used. It shall be appreciated that each of the second resilient members 58b-c are of substantially the same configuration as the resilient member 58a. There is also an attachment device, an attachment point 80b, 80c and a channel (not shown) associated with each of the resilient members 58b, 58c of substantially the same configuration.

Each of the second resilient members 58a-c, and therefore each of the channels, are located adjacent one another and spaced apart in the z-direction. The attachment points 80a-c are also located adjacent one another and spaced apart in the z-direction. The spacing between the attachment points 80a-c and the second resilient members 58a-c is substantially the same such that the second resilient members 58a-c are parallel both when connected to and separate from the frame <NUM>.

As the second resilient members 58a-c are removably connectable to the first section 12a, different combinations of resilient members 58a-c may be connected to the first section 12a. This increases the range of resistance levels available to the user, and therefore makes the exercise apparatus suitable for a range of abilities and a range of fitness goals. Similarly to the first set of resilient members 34a-e, the stiffness (spring rate) of each of the resilient members 58a-c may vary. This further increases the resistance levels available to the user.

The third resilient member 64a is removably connected between the first carriage 14a and the second carriage 14b. This provides a third tensile force between the first and second carriages, which increases the range of exercises the user can perform. For example, the user can perform a lunge under variable resistance by positioning one foot on each of the first and second carriages 14a, 14b and lowering the back knee and the hips. This causes the first and second carriages 14a, 14b to move apart, and therefore for the third resilient member 64a to extend and exert a variable force on the first and second carriages 14a, 14b.

The third resilient member 64a includes a first end 65a, a second end 65b and extends in a generally horizontal orientation. In this embodiment, the third resilient member 64a is supported on an underside of the first carriage 14a in substantially the same arrangement as the second resilient member 58a is supported on the second carriage 14b. Therefore, the third resilient member 64a is supported on a plate 27a located between the top panel 26a and the base panel 28a in a channel (not shown). Additionally, the first end 65a is connected to the carriage 14a via a ring 79a.

The second end 65b of the third resilient member 64a is connected to the second carriage 14b via the third attachment device. The third attachment device is connected to the second end 59b of the third resilient member. The second carriage 14b includes the third attachment location <NUM> and the third attachment point 82a. The third attachment location <NUM> is positioned at least partially beyond an upper edge of an upper surface of the second carriage 14b. The configuration and connection of the third resilient member 64a, attachment device and attachment location <NUM> is substantially the same as the second resilient member 58a and the associated components.

As illustrated in <FIG>, in this embodiment a set of resilient members 64a-c are provided. Three resilient members 64a-c are provided of substantially the same configuration and equivalent location to the second set of resilient members 58a-c.

The fourth set of resilient members 70a, 70b are of substantially the same configuration to the first resilient member 34a. As such, the fourth resilient members 70a, 70b are connected to the cross member <NUM> via rings 81a, 81b and extend in a generally vertical orientation. Additionally, the connection between the connecting members 72a, 72b and the fourth resilient member 70a, 70b are the same. The second connecting members 72a, 72b include a fourth attachment device (not shown). The fourth attachment device is suitable for attaching a handle or a loop. This enables the user to perform exercises, for example upper body exercise, using the variable resistance provided by the fourth resilient member 70a.

The second pulley system <NUM> is used to transfer the fourth tensile force from the fourth resilient members 70a, 70b using the same arrangement as the first pulley system <NUM>. The second pulley system <NUM> also includes a third pulley 74c. The third pulley 74c is located towards the centre of the second section 14b on an opposing face to the first and fourth resilient members 34a, 70a. The connecting member 72a extends from the second pulley 74b in a generally upward direction and through the third pulley 74c. It shall be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, any suitable number and/or arrangement of pulley system may be used, or alternatively the pulley system may be omitted altogether.

In this embodiment, a fourth set of resilient members 70a, 70b is provided. The fourth resilient members 70a, 70b are located towards opposing sides of the second frame section 12b. This enables two handles to be attached to the fourth resilient members 70a, 70b such that the user can perform a greater range of exercises. This is particularly advantages when all four carriages 14a-d are assembled, as the user can perform exercises on a stationary platform using the variable resistance provided by the fourth resilient members 70a, 70b. The spacing between the fourth resilient members 70a, 70b has been found to be optimal for performing upper body exercises such as a standing row.

An additional attachment device 77a, for example a rope, is also be provided. The attachment device 77a is removably attachable at a first end to the attachment location <NUM>, and extends through the pulley 75a, 75c. Handles, stirrups and the like (not shown) may be attached at a second end of the attachment device 77a. This enables the user to perform a greater range of exercises. For example, the user may use the rope to pull the carriage from the first end 13a towards the second end 13b against the resistance provided by the second resilient member 58a. A second attachment device 77b, for example a rope, of substantially the same configuration to the attachment device 77a may be provided which extends through the pulleys 75b, 75d.

The above arrangement provides the user with a wide range of possible spring combinations corresponding to a wide range of resistances. Additionally, exercise apparatus provides variable resistance acting in three directions. This creates a versatile exercise apparatus which is suitable for a range of abilities and fitness goals.

In this embodiment, all of the first, second, third and fourth resilient members 34a-d, 58a-c, 64a-c, 70a-d are springs, for example extension springs. In alternative embodiments, any suitable resilient member may be used, for example an elastomeric (rubber) cable. The provision of an elastomeric cable may be particularly advantageous for use in place of the fourth set of springs 70a, 70b. Alternatively, any combination of different resilient members may be used, for example some springs and some elastomeric cables.

Additionally, the location of the first, second, third fourth resilient members is not limited to that described above. For example, the locations of the springs and attachment locations may be reversed. In the case of the second resilient members, this would mean that the second resilient members were located on the frame <NUM> and the second attachment location located on the carriage <NUM>. Similarly, the third resilient member may be located on the second carriage 14b, and the third attachment location on the first carriage 14a.

The second resistance system 18a, 18b is illustrated in <FIG>. The second resistance system 18a, 18b includes a load (not shown) and an actuation member 91a. The actuation member 91a displaces the load when a force exerted by the user on the actuation member 91a exceeds a predetermined threshold representative of the load. The second resistance system 18a also includes a support 90a, a pulley system 92a and a guide 94a.

The second resistance system 18a, 18b is used for constant resistance training. The user performs an exercise which actuates the actuation member 91a to displace the load, and the force required to displace the load is constant throughout the movement. Constant resistance training has the benefits of being more functional, meaning the movements used in specific sports are better replicated by constant resistance training. Additionally, constant resistance training has been found to stimulate more muscles at one time, because muscles are used to stabilise the primary working muscle.

The second resistance system 18a, 18b includes substantially the same components on either side of the frame <NUM>. Therefore, for reasons of conciseness and brevity, only the components on the left side will be described herein. Components on the left hand side of the frame will be marked with the suffix "a", and reference numerals of like components on the right hand side will be marked with the suffix "b".

The load is moveably mounted to the frame <NUM>. In this embodiment, the load is mounted to the second section 12b, however in alternative embodiments the load may be mounted at any suitable location on the frame <NUM>, for example on the first section 12a. In this embodiment, the load is in the form of a plurality of weighted members, for example weighted plates. The weighted members are selectively applied/removed from the frame <NUM> to create the required load. For example, if the user wished to perform an exercise using a <NUM> load, they could mount two <NUM> weighted members to the frame <NUM>. The weighted members may be any suitable weight, and the weights of the weighted members may vary. This increases the range of possible loads, and therefore the range of possible resistances available to the user. Each of the weighted members includes a hole (not shown) for facilitating the mounting of the weighted member to the frame <NUM>.

The support 90a supports the load on the frame <NUM>, as illustrated clearly in <FIG>. The support 90a is moveable relative to the frame <NUM>. In this embodiment, the support 90a includes a bar 90a extending from the frame <NUM>. The support 90a also includes a base plate 98a and at least one wheel assembly <NUM>. The support 90a extends perpendicularly from the frame 12a. The support 90a includes curved end extending in a generally upward direction for restricting the movement of the weighted member, and helping to prevent the weighted member from falling off the support 90a and potentially injuring the user. In order to mount the weighted member to the frame <NUM>, the support 90a is inserted through the hole in the weighted member.

It shall be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, any suitable mechanism for mounting the load to the support may be used, for example hooks. Alternatively, the support may be provided in the form of a pin. In this embodiment, the weighted members are permanently mounted to the frame in a stacked configuration, In order to adjust the load, the pin is inserted into a hole in the weighted member and only the weighted members located above the pin are displaced.

The base plate 98a and the wheel assemblies <NUM> help to enable the slidable mounting of the load relative to the frame <NUM>. The bar 90a extends from the centre of the base plate 98a. The base plate 98a is substantially rectangular, however any suitable shape of base plate may be used. In this embodiment, there are four wheel assemblies <NUM> located at four corners of the base plate 98a, however any suitable number of wheel assemblies may be used at any suitable location. Each of the wheel assemblies <NUM> includes a shaft and a wheel. The shafts extend perpendicularly from the base plate 98a, and the wheels are free to rotate about a longitudinal axis of the shafts. The wheel assemblies <NUM> are each mounted to the base plate 98a using a threaded fastener.

The guide 94a facilitates displacement of the load relative to the frame <NUM>. The guide 94a includes a first end 95a, a second end 97a, and at least one groove 102a and extends in the generally vertical direction. The load is slidably connected to the guide 94a via the support 90a. In this embodiment, an axial length of the guide 94a is greater than half of an axial length of the second section 12b. However, the length of the guide 94a may be varied depending on the range of motion required. The first end 95a of the guide 94a is mounted to the frame <NUM> via a bracket 104a extending from the frame <NUM>. In alternative embodiments, the guide may be directly fastened to the frame, or may be formed in a recessed section of the frame.

In this embodiment, two grooves 102a, 102b are provided on opposing elongate surfaces of the guide 94a. In order to facilitate movement of the support 90a relative to the frame <NUM>, the wheels slidably engage with the grooves 102a, 102b.

The grooves 102a, 102b extend into the guide 94a in the x-direction. The grooves 102a, 102b are linear and extend in the vertical direction to enable vertical displacement of the load.

The actuation member 91a is connected to the load, as illustrated in <FIG>. In this embodiment, the actuation member 91a is a cable connected to the support 90a so as to transfer the force generated by the user to the load, and displace the load in the vertical direction. The actuation member 91a includes a first attachment feature (not shown) located at first end of the actuation member 91a, and a second attachment feature (not shown) located at the second end of the actuation member 91a. The attachment features, for examples clips, are suitable for attaching any suitable gym apparatus, for example a handle. The provision of a first and second attachment feature enables the user to perform constant resistance exercises at different location on the exercise apparatus <NUM>.

In this embodiment, the actuation member 91a is a continuous member that extends through both the upper and lower pulleys system. The lower pulley system is particularly useful when the user performs an exercise with the first section 12a in the vertical position. The lower pulley system of this embodiment includes a support pulley 86a, a first pulley 106a, a second pulley 107a, a third pulley 108a, a fourth set of pulleys 109a and a stop. The support pulley 86a is located on the support 90a. The first pulley 106a is located towards the first end 95a of the guide <NUM> and the second, third and fourth pulleys 107a, 108a, 109a are located towards the base of the frame <NUM>. In this embodiment, the second, third and fourth set of pulleys 107a, 108a, 109a are located on the first support arm 37a.

The actuation member 91a extends from the load upwardly in the vertical direction and over the first pulley 106a. In this embodiment, the actuation member 91a extends from a first side of the support pulley 86a. From here, the actuation member 91a extends downwardly in the vertical direction towards the second pulley 107a, and then in the horizontal direction towards the third pulley 108a. Finally, the first end of the actuation member 91a extends through the fourth set of pulleys 109a.

The upper pulley system is particularly useful when the user performs an exercise when all of the carriages 14a-d are assembled. The upper pulley system includes the support pulley 86a, a first set of pulleys 110a, a second set of pulleys 111a and a third pulley 112a and a stop. The first set of pulleys 110a is located towards the first end 95a of the guide 94a, and the second set of pulleys 111a and third pulley 112a are located on the second section 12b of the frame <NUM>. The second set of pulleys 111a is located below and inward of the first set of pulleys 110a, and the third pulley 112a is located inward of the second set of pulleys 111a.

The actuation member 91a extends from the load upwardly in the vertical direction and over the first set of pulleys 110a. In this embodiment, the actuation member extends from a second side of the support pulley 86a. From here, the actuation member 91a extends downwardly in the vertical direction towards the second set of pulleys 111a. From the second set of pulleys 111a, the actuation member 91a extends in the z-direction towards the third pulley 112a so that the second end of the actuation member 91a extends through the third pulley 112a. This means that the user can displace the support 90a from both the first and second ends of the actuation member 91a.

The upper and lower pulley systems are both provided with a stop in order to prevent the actuation member 91a being pulled out of the pulleys of either the upper or lower pulley systems. The stops are of a similar configuration to the stop <NUM> of the first resistance system <NUM>. The stops is in the form of a bar attached to one of the pulleys and extending in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the respective pulley. In this embodiment, the stops are located on the pulleys 109a and 112a. The stops are arranged so as to allow the actuation member 91a to pass underneath the stop, but to prevent the attachment feature from passing underneath the stop. As such, when the first end of the actuation member 91a is actuated by the user, the second end cannot be pulled out of pulley <NUM>, and when the second end of the actuation member 91a is actuated by the user, the first end cannot be pulled out of pulley <NUM>.

It shall be appreciated that the pulley systems described above are one possible embodiment of many possible pulley systems. In alternative embodiments, there may be any number of pulleys in any suitable arrangement. Alternatively, the pulleys may be omitted and an alternative system may be used to transfer the force required to displace the load, for example a gear transmission system.

In addition, a separate actuation member may be provided with each of the upper and lower pulley systems, and/or a second load may be provided. This would enable the user to perform exercises under using a larger and smaller weight in succession without having to adjust the amount of load.

A storage unit (not shown), for example a cupboard or a rack may be provided as part of the exercise apparatus <NUM>. The storage unit may be used to store components of the exercise apparatus <NUM>, including but not limited to the fixed carriages 14c, 14d, any of the resilient members and/or the weighted members.

Additional covers and guards (not shown) may be provided on the equipment as required to improve its aesthetics and reduce injury risk due to body parts being trapped by moving parts of the apparatus.

The features described above enable the user to perform exercises using a combination of constant and variable resistance concurrently or successively on the same exercise apparatus <NUM>. Therefore, an exercise apparatus is provided which allows for both variable resistance training and constant resistance training in an apparatus that is compact and self-contained, minimising the space required in fitness studios, gyms and the like.

In an alternative embodiment, the second resistance system may be omitted altogether and exercise apparatus may be suitable for variable resistance training.

Claim 1:
An exercise apparatus (<NUM>) for assisting a user with a range of exercises, the exercise apparatus (<NUM>) comprising:
a frame (<NUM>) comprising a first section (12a) extending in a generally horizontal direction;
at least one carriage (14a-d) configured to support a user, wherein the at least one carriage (14a-d) is slidably supported on the first section (12a) of the frame (<NUM>);
a first resistance system (<NUM>) comprising:
a first resilient member (34a) removably connected to at least one of the carriage (14a-d) and/or the frame (<NUM>);
wherein displacement of the at least one carriage (14a-d) relative to the frame (<NUM>) exerts a tensile force on the resilient member (34a); and
a second resistance system (<NUM>) comprising:
a load moveably mounted with respect to the frame (<NUM>); and
an actuation member (91a) connected to the load;
characterised in that:
the actuation member (91a) is configured to displace the load when a force exerted by the user on the actuation member (91a) exceeds a predetermined threshold representative of the load; and:
wherein the force required to displace the load is constant throughout a movement range of the actuation member (91a) by the user.