Patent Description:
Many conventional shoes or other articles of footwear generally comprise an upper and a sole attached to a lower end of the upper. Conventional shoes further include an internal space, i.e., a void or cavity, which is created by interior surfaces of the upper and sole, that receives a foot of a user before securing the shoe to the foot. The sole is attached to a lower surface or boundary of the upper and is positioned between the upper and the ground. As a result, the sole typically provides stability and cushioning to the user when the shoe is being worn. In some instances, the sole may include multiple components, such as an outsole, a midsole, and an insole. The outsole may provide traction to a bottom surface of the sole, and the midsole may be attached to an inner surface of the outsole, and may provide cushioning or added stability to the sole. For example, a sole may include a particular foam material that may increase stability at one or more desired locations along the sole, or a foam material that may reduce stress or impact energy on the foot or leg when a user is running, walking, or engaged in another activity. The sole may also include additional components, such as plates, embedded with the sole to increase the overall stiffness of the sole and reduce energy loss during use. Further, the components of the sole are often permanently attached to each other using a joining process that involves an adhesive and/or compound, which requires substantial energy inputs and labor. In addition, the adhesive and/or compounds can limit the potential for recycling the shoe.

The upper generally extends upward from the sole and defines an interior cavity that completely or partially encases a foot. In most cases, the upper extends over the instep and toe regions of the foot, and across medial and lateral sides thereof. Many articles of footwear may also include a tongue that extends across the instep region to bridge a gap between edges of medial and lateral sides of the upper, which define an opening into the cavity. The tongue may also be disposed below a lacing system and between medial and lateral sides of the upper, to allow for adjustment of shoe tightness. The tongue may further be manipulable by a user to permit entry or exit of a foot from the internal space or cavity. In addition, the lacing system may allow a user to adjust certain dimensions of the upper or the sole, thereby allowing the upper to accommodate a wide variety of foot types having varying sizes and shapes.

The upper of many shoes may comprise a wide variety of materials, which may be utilized to form the upper and chosen for use based on one or more intended uses of the shoe. The upper may also include portions comprising varying materials specific to a particular area of the upper. For example, added stability may be desirable at a front of the upper or adjacent a heel region so as to provide a higher degree of resistance or rigidity. In contrast, other portions of a shoe may include a soft woven textile to provide an area with stretch-resistance, flexibility, air-permeability, or moisture-wicking properties.

However, in many cases, articles of footwear having sole structures with an increased comfort and better fit are desired, along with soles having improved cushioning systems or structural characteristics. In addition, articles of footwear are desired that are manufactured according to more efficient manufacturing methods and more easily recycled. Insofar, reference is made to <CIT> and to <CIT>.

The invention relates to an article of footwear as specified in appended independent claim <NUM>. Additional embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.

The following discussion and accompanying figures disclose various embodiments or configurations of a shoe and a sole structure. Although embodiments of a shoe or sole structure are disclosed with reference to a sports shoe, such as a running shoe, tennis shoe, basketball shoe, etc., concepts associated with embodiments of the shoe or the sole structure may be applied to a wide range of footwear and footwear styles, including cross-training shoes, football shoes, golf shoes, hiking shoes, hiking boots, ski and snowboard boots, soccer shoes and cleats, walking shoes, and track cleats, for example. Concepts of the shoe or the sole structure may also be applied to articles of footwear that are considered non-athletic, including dress shoes, sandals, loafers, slippers, and heels. In addition to footwear, particular concepts described herein may also be applied and incorporated in other types of apparel or other athletic equipment, including helmets, padding or protective pads, shin guards, and gloves. Even further, particular concepts described herein may be incorporated in cushions, backpack straps, golf clubs, or other consumer or industrial products. Accordingly, concepts described herein may be utilized in a variety of products.

The term "about," as used herein, refers to variation in the numerical quantity that may occur, for example, through typical measuring and manufacturing procedures used for articles of footwear or other articles of manufacture that may include embodiments of the disclosure herein; through inadvertent error in these procedures; through differences in the manufacture, source, or purity of the ingredients used to make the compositions or mixtures or carry out the methods; and the like.

The present disclosure is directed to an article of footwear and/or specific components of the article of footwear, such as an upper and/or a sole or sole structure. The upper may comprise a knitted component, a woven textile, and/or a non-woven textile. The knitted component may be made by knitting of yarn, the woven textile by weaving of yarn, and the non-woven textile by manufacture of a unitary non-woven web. Knitted textiles include textiles formed by way of warp knitting, weft knitting, flat knitting, circular knitting, and/or other suitable knitting operations. The knit textile may have a plain knit structure, a mesh knit structure, and/or a rib knit structure, for example. Woven textiles include, but are not limited to, textiles formed by way of any of the numerous weave forms, such as plain weave, twill weave, satin weave, dobbin weave, jacquard weave, double weaves, and/or double cloth weaves, for example. Non-woven textiles include textiles made by air-laid and/or spun-laid methods, for example. The upper may comprise a variety of materials, such as a first yarn, a second yarn, and/or a third yarn, which may have varying properties or varying visual characteristics.

<FIG> depicts an exemplary embodiment of an article of footwear <NUM> including an upper <NUM> and a sole structure <NUM>. The upper <NUM> is attached to the sole structure <NUM> and together define an interior cavity (not shown) into which a foot may be inserted. For reference, the article of footwear <NUM> defines a forefoot region <NUM>, a midfoot region <NUM>, and a heel region <NUM>. The forefoot region <NUM> generally corresponds with portions of the article of footwear <NUM> that encase portions of the foot that includes the toes, the ball of the foot, and joints connecting the metatarsals with the toes or phalanges. The midfoot region <NUM> is proximate and adjoining the forefoot region <NUM>, and generally corresponds with portions of the article of footwear <NUM> that encase the arch of foot, along with the bridge of the foot. The heel region <NUM> is proximate and adjoining the midfoot region <NUM> and generally corresponds with portions of the article of footwear <NUM> that encase rear portions of the foot, including the heel or calcaneus bone, the ankle, and/or the Achilles tendon.

Many conventional footwear uppers are formed from multiple elements (e.g., textiles, polymer foam, polymer sheets, leather, and synthetic leather) that are joined through bonding or stitching at a seam. In some embodiments, the upper <NUM> of the article of footwear <NUM> is formed from a knitted structure or knitted components. In various embodiments, a knitted component may incorporate various types of yarn that may provide different properties to an upper. For example, one area of the upper <NUM> may be formed from a first type of yarn that imparts a first set of properties, and another area of the upper <NUM> may be formed from a second type of yarn that imparts a second set of properties. Using this configuration, properties of the upper <NUM> may vary throughout the upper <NUM> by selecting specific yarns for different areas of the upper <NUM>.

The article of footwear <NUM> also includes a medial side <NUM> and a lateral side <NUM>. In particular, the lateral side <NUM> corresponds to an outside portion of the article of footwear <NUM> and the medial side <NUM> corresponds to an inside portion of the article of footwear <NUM>. As such, left and right articles of footwear have opposing lateral and medial sides, such that the medial sides <NUM> are closest to one another when a user is wearing the articles of footwear <NUM>, while the lateral sides <NUM> are defined as the sides that are farthest from one another while being worn. The medial side <NUM> and the lateral side <NUM> adjoin one another at opposing, distal ends of the article of footwear <NUM>, although other configurations are possible.

The article of footwear <NUM> further includes a toe end <NUM> and a heel end <NUM>. In particular, the toe end <NUM> corresponds to a front-most portion of the article of footwear <NUM> and the heel end <NUM> corresponds to a rear-most portion of the article of footwear <NUM>. As such, the toe end <NUM> and the heel end <NUM> are disposed at opposing ends of the article of footwear <NUM>. In some embodiments, the toe end <NUM> is disposed within the forefoot region <NUM> and the heel end <NUM> is disposed within the heel region <NUM>, although other configurations are possible.

Unless otherwise specified, the forefoot region <NUM>, the midfoot region <NUM>, the heel region <NUM>, the medial side <NUM>, and the lateral side <NUM> are intended to define boundaries or areas of the article of footwear <NUM>. To that end, the forefoot region <NUM>, the midfoot region <NUM>, the heel region <NUM>, the medial side <NUM>, and the lateral side <NUM> generally characterize sections of the article of footwear <NUM>. Further, both the upper <NUM> and the sole structure <NUM> may be characterized as having portions within the forefoot region <NUM>, the midfoot region <NUM>, the heel region <NUM>, and on the medial side <NUM> and the lateral side <NUM>. Therefore, the upper <NUM> and the sole structure <NUM>, and/or individual portions of the upper <NUM> and the sole structure <NUM>, may include portions thereof that are disposed within the forefoot region <NUM>, the midfoot region <NUM>, the heel region <NUM>, and on the medial side <NUM> and the lateral side <NUM>.

The sole structure <NUM> is connected or secured to the upper <NUM> and extends between a foot of a user and the ground when the article of footwear <NUM> is worn by the user. The sole structure <NUM> may include one or more components, which may include an outsole, a midsole, a heel, a vamp, and/or an insole. For example, in some embodiments, a sole structure may include an outsole that provides structural integrity to the sole structure, along with providing traction for a user, a midsole that provides a cushioning system, and an insole that provides support for an arch of a user. As will be further discussed herein, the sole structure <NUM> of the present embodiment of the invention includes one or more components that provide the sole structure <NUM> constructed with a removable outsole.

In the illustrated embodiment, the sole structure <NUM> includes an outsole <NUM> and a midsole <NUM>. The outsole <NUM> may define a bottom end or bottom surface <NUM> of the sole structure <NUM> across the heel region <NUM>, the midfoot region <NUM>, and the forefoot region <NUM>. Further, the outsole <NUM> may include a ground-engaging portion or include a ground-engaging surface of the sole structure <NUM> and may be opposite of the insole thereof. As illustrated in <FIG>, the bottom surface <NUM> of the outsole may include a tread pattern <NUM> that can include a variety of shapes and configurations. The outsole <NUM> may be formed from one or more materials to impart durability, wear-resistance, abrasion resistance, or traction to the sole structure <NUM>. In some embodiments, the outsole <NUM> may be formed from any kind of elastomer material, e.g., rubber, including thermoset elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers, or a thermoplastic material, e.g., thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). In some embodiments, the outsole <NUM> may define a shore A hardness up to <NUM>. In addition, the outsole <NUM> may be manufactured by a process involving injection molding, vulcanization, printing layer by layer, i.e., additive manufacturing systems or methods, and the like.

Still referring to <FIG>, the midsole <NUM> may be individually constructed from a thermoplastic material, such as polyurethane (PU), for example, and/or an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), copolymers thereof, or a similar type of material. In other embodiments, the midsole <NUM> may be an EVA-Solid-Sponge ("ESS") material, an EVA foam (e.g., PUMA® ProFoam Lite™, IGNITE Foam), polyurethane, polyether, an olefin block copolymer, organosheets, a thermoplastic material (e.g., a thermoplastic polyurethane, a thermoplastic elastomer, a thermoplastic polyolefin, etc.), or a supercritical foam. The midsole <NUM> may be a single polymeric material or may be a blend of materials, such as an EVA copolymer, a thermoplastic polyurethane, a polyether block amide (PEBA) copolymer, and/or an olefin block copolymer. One example of a PEBA material is PEBAX®. In some embodiments, the midsole <NUM> is manufactured by a process involving injection molding, vulcanization, printing layer by layer, i.e., additive manufacturing systems or methods, and the like.

In embodiments where the midsole <NUM> is formed from a supercritical foaming process, the supercritical foam may comprise micropore foams or particle foams, such as a TPU, EVA, PEBAX®, or mixtures thereof, manufactured using a process that is performed within an autoclave, an injection molding apparatus, or any sufficiently heated/pressurized container that can process the mixing of a supercritical fluid (e.g., CO<NUM>, N<NUM>, or mixtures thereof) with a material (e.g., TPU, EVA, polyolefin elastomer, or mixtures thereof) that is preferably molten. During an exemplary process, a solution of supercritical fluid and molten material is pumped into a pressurized container, after which the pressure within the container is released, such that the molecules of the supercritical fluid rapidly convert to gas to form small pockets within the material and cause the material to expand into a foam. In further embodiments, the midsole <NUM> may be formed using alternative methods known in the art, including the use of an expansion press, an injection machine, a pellet expansion process, a cold foaming process, a compression molding technique, die cutting, or any combination thereof. For example, the midsole <NUM> may be formed using a process that involves an initial foaming step in which supercritical gas is used to foam a material and then compression molded or die cut to a particular shape.

In the illustrated embodiment of <FIG>, the sole structure <NUM> is provided as an interlocking assembly in which a first component, such as the outsole <NUM>, and a second component, such as the midsole <NUM>, are removably coupled to one another by mechanical attachment features, as will be described in more detail throughout this disclosure. With reference to <FIG>, a central axis C extends vertically through the article of footwear <NUM> within the midfoot region <NUM> and a longitudinal axis L extends horizontally, i.e., perpendicular to the central axis C, along the outsole <NUM> and intersects the toe end <NUM> and the heel end <NUM> of the article of footwear <NUM>. To that end, at least a portion of the bottom surface <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> is tangent or otherwise coincident with a longitudinal plane defined by the longitudinal axis L. In some embodiments, the outsole <NUM> and the midsole <NUM> are each curved or bowed in a vertical direction parallel with the central axis C and, as a result, the outsole <NUM> may define concave or convex curvatures relative to the longitudinal plane of the longitudinal axis L.

<FIG> illustrates a schematic representation of a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an outsole <NUM> that includes a top surface <NUM> that is opposite a bottom surface <NUM> and extends between a toe end <NUM> and a heel end <NUM>. Further, the outsole <NUM> includes attachment features in the form of ribs <NUM>. In particular, each of the ribs <NUM> includes a head <NUM> that is connected to a base <NUM> by a stem <NUM>. The base <NUM> is positioned on the top surface <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> and defines an interface between each rib <NUM> and the top surface <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. As illustrated in <FIG>, the ribs <NUM> are provided as a plurality including ribs 174A, 174B, 174C, and 174D, labeled in sequential order moving in a toe-to-heel direction, i.e., heel-ward. Accordingly, the ribs <NUM> include the most toe-ward rib 174A, i.e., spaced farthest from heel end <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>, and the most heel-ward rib 174D, i.e., located closest to the heel end <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>, and the ribs 174B and 174C are located therebetween. In some embodiments, greater or fewer ribs <NUM> are provided. For purposes of clarity, it will be appreciated that the ribs 174A-D may be referred to herein individually or collectively as rib(s) <NUM>.

In the illustrated embodiment, the base <NUM> of each rib <NUM> narrows from the top surface <NUM> to the stem <NUM> of each rib <NUM>, such that the base <NUM> is wider, i.e., dimension in a horizontal direction, than the stem <NUM> and, in particular, the base <NUM> curves between the top surface <NUM> and the stem <NUM>. In this way, the base <NUM> provides stability for each rib <NUM>, which allows for bending of each rib <NUM> about each base <NUM> in toe-ward or heel-ward directions.

With continued reference to <FIG>, the head <NUM> is connected to the stem <NUM> opposite the base <NUM>. In some embodiments, the head <NUM> extends outwardly from the stem <NUM> in both vertical and horizontal directions. In some embodiments, the head <NUM> is wider and taller, i.e., dimension H1 measured in the vertical direction between the head <NUM> and the bottom surface <NUM>, than the stem <NUM>. In the illustrated embodiment, the head <NUM> is provided as having a generally rounded or circular cross-sectional shape, although the head <NUM> may be sized and shaped differently. For example, the head <NUM> may define a rectangular, triangular, elliptical, trapezoidal, conical, frustoconical, pyramidal, frustopyramidal, alphabetical, numerical, pictogram, logogram, ideogram, or any irregular cross-sectional shape, among others.

Further, the stem <NUM> extends away from the head <NUM> to define a projection axis P. For purposes of clarity, the projection axis P is illustrated only for the rib 174A; however, it will be understood that each rib <NUM> includes a projection axis P defined along the stem <NUM>. As depicted in <FIG>, the projection axis P forms an angle θ relative to the longitudinal axis L, such that the rib 174A extends at the angle θ relative to the longitudinal axis L. In some embodiments, the ribs <NUM> are disposed orthogonally with respect to the longitudinal axis L. In the illustrated embodiment, the rib 174A extends at an angle θ that is less than <NUM> degrees, although other configurations are possible. For example, two or more of the ribs <NUM> can extend parallel with each other at an angle θ that is greater than <NUM> degrees. Alternatively, two or more of the ribs <NUM> can extend at varying angles θ.

Still referring to <FIG>, the projection axis P extends through a center of the head <NUM> of the rib <NUM>, such that the head <NUM> is generally centered on the projection axis P and, thus, the head <NUM> is generally centered on the stem <NUM>. In some embodiments, the head <NUM> is offset relative to the stem <NUM> and the projection axis P. For example, the head <NUM> may extend substantially toe-ward of the stem <NUM>, such that the head <NUM> is substantially disposed toe-ward of the projection axis P. Alternatively, the head <NUM> can extend substantially heel-ward of the stem <NUM>, such that the head <NUM> is substantially disposed heel-ward of the projection axis P. The location of the head <NUM> relative to the stem <NUM> impacts cushioning and/or stiffness performance properties of the rib <NUM> and/or the outsole <NUM>.

With continued reference to <FIG>, each rib <NUM> is partially hollow in that the head <NUM> includes a cavity <NUM> extending partially or entirely through the head <NUM> in a lateral-to-medial direction. In some embodiments, the cavity <NUM> is empty, although other configurations are possible. It is contemplated that the cavity <NUM> may be partially or entirely filled with a fluid, gas, liquid, bead-like particles, foams, bio-degradeable materials, bacteria, spring members, or dampening members, among others. In some embodiments, the cavity <NUM> is open and exposed on the lateral side <NUM> or the medial side <NUM> of the footwear <NUM>. The cavity <NUM> may be interrupted or, instead, the cavity <NUM> may extend continuously through the entire extent of the head <NUM>. In some examples, the cavity <NUM> may extend into or communicate with the stem <NUM>, the base <NUM>, and the bottom surface <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. For example, the cavity <NUM> may extend from the head <NUM> through the stem <NUM> to be exposed at the bottom surface <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. In this way, the cavity <NUM> can perform several functions including, e.g., a sound chamber, an air vent or pathway, a negative space that reduces weight and/or density, and an aesthetic features, among others.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the ribs <NUM> are located in the heel region <NUM> of the footwear <NUM> and define an outsole attachment region <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. The outsole attachment region <NUM> forms a boundary or periphery that surrounds the ribs <NUM> and, thus, the outsole attachment region <NUM> defines an area or surface area. In some embodiments, the outsole attachment region <NUM> comprises less than <NUM>% of a total surface area of the top surface <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. It is contemplated that the outsole attachment region <NUM> comprises greater than <NUM>% of the total area of the top surface <NUM>. In addition, the ribs <NUM> can be located in the forefoot region <NUM> and the midfoot region <NUM>, such that the outsole attachment region <NUM> is located within the forefoot region <NUM> and the midfoot region <NUM>. It is further contemplated that multiple outsole attachment regions may be defined by discrete sets or groupings of ribs, as will be described below.

Staying with <FIG>, the ribs <NUM> are spaced apart from one another to form gaps <NUM> between the ribs <NUM> and across the top surface <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. The gaps <NUM> are sized and shaped in accordance with the ribs <NUM>, such that the gaps <NUM> can be enlarged or minimized by changing a size or shape of the ribs <NUM> or by changing a spacing, i.e., a distance, between each of the ribs <NUM>. The ribs <NUM> are spaced apart varying distances, such as the relatively larger distance between the rib 174C and the rib 174D. Further, the ribs <NUM> of the present embodiment are depicted in cross-sectional view but it shall be appreciated that the ribs <NUM> extend at least partially between the lateral side <NUM> and the medial side <NUM> of footwear <NUM> (see <FIG>). In some embodiments, the ribs <NUM> extend continuously between the lateral side <NUM> and the medial side <NUM> of the footwear <NUM>, although other configurations are possible. It is contemplated that one or more of the ribs <NUM> is provided as a set or array of discrete portions that may be identical to one another or differently shaped from one another and that are spaced apart from one another in a lateral-to-medial or medial-to-lateral direction. It is further contemplated that one or more of the ribs <NUM> are provided as varying dimensionally in a vertical or horizontal direction between the lateral side <NUM> and the medial side <NUM> of the footwear <NUM>. Further, it is contemplated that the ribs <NUM> may be provided as curved concavely or convexly relative to the central plane of the central axis C.

With continued reference to <FIG>, the outsole <NUM> is curved or bowed relative to the longitudinal plane of the longitudinal axis L. In the illustrated embodiment, the outsole <NUM> curves away from the longitudinal plane at the toe end <NUM> and the heel end <NUM> and also within the midfoot region <NUM>. To that end, the outsole <NUM> is convexly curved in the forefoot region <NUM> and the heel region <NUM> and concavely curved in the midfoot region <NUM>. It is contemplated that the outsole <NUM> is concavely or convexly curved in other directions, such as between the lateral side <NUM> and the medial side <NUM> (see <FIG>).

<FIG> illustrates a schematic, sectional view of a midsole <NUM> that includes an upper surface <NUM> opposite a lower surface <NUM> and extends between a toe end <NUM> and a heel end <NUM>. In the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of ridges <NUM> are formed in the upper surface <NUM> within the forefoot region <NUM> and a rim <NUM> extends from the upper surface <NUM> within the heel region <NUM> proximate to the heel end <NUM>. The midsole <NUM> varies in height H2 between the toe end <NUM> and the heel end <NUM>, such that the midsole <NUM> is shorter within the forefoot region <NUM> than within the heel region <NUM>, although other configurations are possible.

As illustrated in <FIG>, apertures <NUM> are formed in the lower surface <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>. In the illustrated embodiment, the apertures <NUM> communicate with respective receptacles <NUM> that are formed internally within the midsole <NUM> between the lower surface <NUM> and the upper surface <NUM>. Each receptacle <NUM> is defined by an interior surface <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> to form a generally rounded or circular cross-sectional shape, such that the receptacles <NUM> are configured to receive the ribs <NUM> in an assembled configuration (see <FIG>). Accordingly, the receptacles <NUM> are provided as any size and shape to correspond to the ribs <NUM>. In the illustrated embodiment of <FIG>, the receptacles <NUM> are a plurality including receptacles 262A, 262B, 262C, 262D, labeled in sequential order moving in a toe-to-heel direction, i.e., heel-ward. Accordingly, the receptacles <NUM> include the most toe-ward receptacle 262A, i.e., spaced farthest from the heel end <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>, and the most heel-ward receptacle 262D, i.e., located closest to the heel end <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>, and the receptacles 262B and 262C are located therebetween. To that end, the apertures <NUM> are a plurality including apertures 258A that corresponds to the receptacle 262A, aperture 258B that corresponds to the receptacle 262B, aperture 258C that corresponds to the receptacle 262C, and aperture 258D that corresponds to the receptacle 262D. For purposes of clarity, it will be appreciated that the receptacles 262A-D may be referred to herein individually or collectively as receptacle(s) <NUM> and, also, that the apertures 258A-D may be referred to herein individually or collectively as aperture(s) <NUM>.

Further, as illustrated in <FIG>, the receptacles <NUM> are open and exposed through the lower surface <NUM> by the respective apertures <NUM>, and the apertures <NUM> are relatively narrower than the receptacles <NUM>. In particular, the apertures <NUM> are at least partially defined by flanges <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>. The flanges <NUM> are provided in opposing pairs at the lower surface <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> to form the apertures <NUM> therebetween, such that a pair of flanges <NUM> extend inwardly toward each other without contacting one another. The flanges <NUM> vary in size and shape to resiliently engage with the ribs <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. Further, the flanges <NUM> are configured to fit within the gaps <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> when in an assembled configuration (see <FIG>). Accordingly, the flanges <NUM> are generally L-shaped members, although other configurations are possible.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the receptacles <NUM> are located in the heel region <NUM> of the footwear <NUM> and define a midsole attachment region <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> that is configured to correspond to the outsole attachment region <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. The midsole attachment region <NUM> forms a boundary or periphery that surrounds the receptacles <NUM> and, thus, the midsole attachment region <NUM> defines an area or surface area. In some embodiments, the midsole attachment region <NUM> comprises less than <NUM>% of a total surface area of the lower surface <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>. It is contemplated that the midsole attachment region <NUM> comprises greater than <NUM>% of the total area of the lower surface <NUM>. In addition, the receptacles <NUM> can be located in the forefoot region <NUM> and the midfoot region <NUM>, such that the midsole attachment region <NUM> is located within the forefoot region <NUM> and the midfoot region <NUM>. It is further contemplated that multiple midsole attachment regions may be defined by discrete sets or groupings of receptacles, as will be described below.

With continued reference to <FIG>, the midsole <NUM> is curved or bowed relative to the longitudinal plane of the longitudinal axis L. In the illustrated embodiment, the midsole <NUM> curves away from the longitudinal plane at the toe end <NUM> and the heel end <NUM> and also within the midfoot region <NUM>. To that end, the midsole <NUM> is convexly curved in the forefoot region <NUM> and the heel region <NUM> and concavely curved in the midfoot region <NUM>. It is contemplated that the outsole <NUM> is concavely or convexly curved in other directions, such as between the lateral side <NUM> and the medial side <NUM> (see <FIG>). In addition, the upper surface <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> follows a different curvature than the lower surface <NUM>, such that the upper surface <NUM> is substantially more planar in the heel region than the lower surface <NUM>, although other configurations are possible. Further, the midsole <NUM> and the outsole <NUM> are configured to be mated or fit with one another, such that the top surface <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> is curved and shaped to be in contact with the lower surface <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>, as illustrated in <FIG>.

<FIG>, schematic representation of the midsole <NUM> and the outsole <NUM> forming an interlocking assembly <NUM>, which comprises at least part of sole structure <NUM> (see <FIG>) for the article of footwear <NUM>. In the illustrated embodiment of <FIG>, the outsole <NUM> is partially received within the midsole <NUM> and, in particular, the ribs 174A-D of the outsole <NUM> are received within the receptacles 262A-D of the midsole <NUM> to secure the outsole <NUM> to the midsole <NUM>. Further, the ribs 174A-D are configured to be removably coupled to the midsole <NUM> within the receptacles 262A-D, such that a user can selectively assemble and disassemble the interlocking assembly <NUM> by selectively coupling and decoupling the outsole <NUM> with the midsole <NUM>. In this way, an interlocking function is performed by the ribs 174A-D of the outsole <NUM> interacting with the receptacles 262A-D of the midsole <NUM>.

In <FIG>, the ribs 174A-D are illustrated as being fully interlocked, i.e., fully assembled, with the receptacles 262A-D. To that end, an exemplary assembly process includes the head <NUM> of each rib <NUM> being received through the corresponding aperture <NUM> and within the corresponding receptacle <NUM>. In particular, the head <NUM> of each rib <NUM> is aligned with the corresponding aperture <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> and then pushed or pressed against the flanges <NUM> of the lower surface <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> to pass the head <NUM> through the aperture <NUM> and toward the receptacle <NUM>. Due to the enlarged size of the head <NUM> relative to the aperture <NUM>, the head <NUM> is deformed, e.g., compressed, as it passes through the aperture <NUM>. In some embodiments, the cavity <NUM> of each head <NUM> permits greater deformation, e.g., collapse, during assembly. Then, after the head <NUM> is pushed or pressed past the aperture <NUM> and into the receptacle <NUM>, the head <NUM> expands to contact the interior surface <NUM>, thereby at least partially filling the receptacle <NUM>, while the stem <NUM> and the base <NUM> of each rib <NUM> are at least partially disposed within and at least partially fill the aperture <NUM>. To that end, the head <NUM> of the rib <NUM> may expand so rapidly that an audible sound, e.g., a snap, click, or pop, is generated by contact with the interior surface <NUM> of the receptacle <NUM>. In this way, the rib <NUM> snaps within the receptacle <NUM> and, thus, the outsole <NUM> snaps into the midsole <NUM>. At the same time, the flanges <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> fit on either side of each rib <NUM> and are received within the gaps <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. Accordingly, disassembly or removal of the head <NUM> form the receptacle is resisted by the narrowed configuration of the aperture <NUM> to prevent accidental or unintended disassembly.

In some embodiments, the flanges <NUM> are deformed and/or displaced during assembly due to contact with the ribs <NUM>. In some embodiments, the flanges <NUM> remain undeformed and in place while the ribs <NUM> become deformed or displaced due to contact with the flanges <NUM>. The outsole <NUM> is retained against and/or secured to the midsole <NUM> at least partially due to the enlarged size of the head <NUM> and receptacle <NUM> relative to the stem <NUM> and aperture <NUM>. In some embodiments, the ribs 174A-D may be fit within the receptacles 262A-D by a sliding translation in a lateral-to-medial or medial-to-lateral direction.

It is contemplated that the head <NUM> may be displaced, e.g., rotated or bent, about the stem <NUM> or base <NUM> of the rib <NUM> during the assembly process to further enhance retention of the outsole <NUM> to the midsole <NUM> after assembly. Additionally or alternatively, the head <NUM> may become displaced from a pre-assembly configuration (see <FIG>) to an assembled configuration (see <FIG>), such that the angle θ is increased or decreased through the assembly process. In addition, with reference to <FIG>, the height H1 of the ribs <NUM> is less than the height H2 of the midsole <NUM>. In the illustrated embodiment, the ribs <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> are of a height H1 that is approximately <NUM>% of the height H2 of the midsole <NUM>. In some embodiments, the ribs <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> are of a height H1 that is greater than <NUM>% of the height H2 of the midsole <NUM> or, alternatively, the ribs <NUM> are disposed at varying heights H1 that are greater than or less than <NUM>% of the height H2 of the midsole <NUM>.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the toe end <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> is spaced apart from the toe end <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>, while the heel end <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> is aligned and coextensive with the heel end <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>. In some embodiments, the toe end <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> and the toe end <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> are aligned and coextensive. Further, the outsole <NUM> and the midsole <NUM> are fit together such that the top surface <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> is tightly or firmly pressed against the lower surface <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>. In some embodiments, voids or discontinuities (not shown) may be formed between the top surface <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> and the lower surface <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>.

It is contemplated that the outsole <NUM> and/or the midsole <NUM> can each be constructed as a single, unitary component or, alternatively, each can be constructed of multiple discrete or separable components. It is further contemplated that the outsole <NUM> and the midsole are manufactured separately from one another. In this way, more complex geometries, e.g., an undercut, can be achieved as compared to a process in which the outsole <NUM> and the midsole <NUM> are formed together and/or coupled by traditional means, such as cementing or co-molding. In addition, due to the separate manufacture of the outsole <NUM> and the midsole <NUM>, lower dimensional tolerances, i.e., accuracy, is required. Further, the outsole <NUM> can be detached from the midsole <NUM> without causing damage to the either the outsole <NUM> or the midsole <NUM>. In this way, the outsole <NUM> and the midsole <NUM> can be separated and/or assembled at various stages in the lifecycle of the footwear <NUM> and by various individuals, e.g., manufacturers and consumers, among others. Additionally, the outsole <NUM> can be removed and recycled separately from the footwear <NUM> or the midsole <NUM>. Further, the outsole <NUM> can be removed by the consumer for replacement with another outsole <NUM> having different performance properties, such as, e.g., stiffness or cushioning in different locations along the forefoot region <NUM>, midfoot region <NUM>, heel region <NUM>, lateral side <NUM>, and medial side <NUM>.

With reference to <FIG>, another embodiment of an interlocking assembly <NUM> includes an outsole <NUM> and a midsole <NUM> that are illustrated in a partially assembled configuration. The midsole <NUM> and outsole <NUM> of <FIG> are similar to the embodiments of <FIG> and, thus, equivalent reference numerals will be used to indicate equivalent elements. As illustrated in <FIG>, the outsole <NUM> includes ribs <NUM>, similar to the ribs <NUM> of <FIG>. The ribs <NUM> are a plurality including ribs 314A, 314B, 314C, 314D, 314E, 314F, labeled in sequential order moving in a toe-to-heel direction, i.e., heel-ward. Accordingly, the rib 314A is located farthest from the heel end <NUM> and the rib 314F is located closest to the heel end <NUM>. Likewise, the midsole <NUM> includes apertures <NUM> and receptacles <NUM>, similar to those of the midsole <NUM> of <FIG>. With respect to the midsole <NUM> in <FIG>, the apertures are a plurality including apertures 318A, 318B, 318C, 318D, 318E, 318F, labeled in sequential order moving in a toe-to-heel direction, i.e., heel-ward. Further, the receptacles <NUM> are a plurality including receptacles 322A, 322B, 322C, 322D, 322E, 322F, labeled in sequential order moving in a toe-to-heel direction, i.e., heel-ward, and corresponding to the apertures 318A, 318B, 318C, 318D, 318E, 318F. For purposes of clarity, it will be appreciated that the ribs 314A-F, the apertures 318A-F, and the receptacles 322A-F may be referred to herein individually or collectively as rib(s) <NUM>, aperture(s) <NUM>, and receptacle(s) <NUM>, respectively.

It will be appreciated from <FIG> and <FIG> that another method for assembling the outsole <NUM> to midsole <NUM> begins by aligning the heel end <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> with the heel end <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> and positioning the midsole <NUM> and the outsole <NUM> in a "V" shape with the heel ends <NUM>, <NUM> brought together. Then, the rib 314F, which is the most heel-ward, is aligned with the most heel-ward aperture 318F and then pushed or pressed against the flanges <NUM> of the lower surface <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> to pass the head <NUM> through the aperture 318F and toward the receptacle 322F. In doing so, the midsole <NUM> may be flexed or bent, as illustrated in <FIG>, to use a mechanical lever arm and elastic material properties of the midsole <NUM> for facilitating insertion of the rib 314F within the receptacle 322F. Further, once the rib 314F is received within the receptacle 322F, the remaining ribs <NUM> are aligned with their corresponding apertures <NUM> and receptacles <NUM>. Thus, the midsole <NUM> and the outsole <NUM> are brought together to cause the remaining ribs <NUM> to be received within corresponding apertures <NUM> and receptacles <NUM>. In particular, the adjacent rib 314E is inserted within the receptacle 322E, after which the rib 314D is inserted within the receptacle 322D, and so on consecutively and successively until the rib 314A is inserted within the receptacle 322A, as illustrated in <FIG>. In this way, the ribs 314A-F are received within and interlocked with the receptacles 322A-F of the midsole <NUM> in a successive and consecutive interlocking progression moving in a heel-to-toe, i.e., toe-ward, direction. Finally, after the rib 314A is inserted within the receptacle 322A, the toe end <NUM> (see <FIG>) of the outsole <NUM> can be fit within a groove <NUM> (see <FIG>) provided on the lower surface <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>.

<FIG> and <FIG> illustrate an embodiment of the outsole <NUM> in which the toe end <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> is located within the groove <NUM> in the midfoot region <NUM> of the article of footwear <NUM>. Further, as noted above, the outsole <NUM> generally remains stationary during the assembly process of <FIG> while the midsole <NUM> is flexed, which may be a function of the different materials used to form the outsole <NUM> and the midsole <NUM>. To that end, the outsole <NUM> is generally formed of a material having a greater density and, thus, a higher stiffness or rigidity, than a material of the midsole <NUM>. In this way, the midsole <NUM> can also provide greater cushioning properties for a user while the outsole <NUM> can provide greater wear-resistance and stability properties. Further, because the outsole <NUM> can be decoupled from the midsole <NUM>, the outsole <NUM> can be cleaned, replaced, and recycled separately from the article of footwear <NUM>.

It is contemplated that the outsole <NUM> and the midsole <NUM> may be configured to provide varying levels of comfort and performance properties for a user of the article of footwear <NUM>. In some embodiments, the ribs <NUM> are configured to increase rigidity or stiffness in comparison to the midsole <NUM>. In some embodiments, the ribs <NUM> are configured to increase spring-like resistance forces in particular areas or locations of the sole structure <NUM> (see <FIG>) when compressed during use. In some embodiments, such as in <FIG> and <FIG>, the ribs <NUM> are configured to improve aesthetic features of the sole structure <NUM>. To that end, the ribs <NUM> may be exposed through the medial side <NUM> and the lateral side <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>, as illustrated in <FIG>. Alternatively, the ribs <NUM> may be hidden or concealed from a side view, such as in the sole structure <NUM> of <FIG>.

<FIG> illustrates another embodiment of an interlocking assembly <NUM> including an outsole <NUM> and a midsole <NUM> in an assembled configuration. In the illustrated embodiment, the outsole <NUM> includes ribs <NUM>, similar to the embodiments of <FIG> and <FIG>. In particular, the outsole <NUM> is illustrated with a plurality of ribs <NUM>. Further, the midsole <NUM> is illustrated from a top plan view with the plurality of ridges <NUM> located within the midfoot region <NUM> and the forefoot region <NUM> and with the rim <NUM> extending about the heel region <NUM> of the upper surface <NUM>. It is contemplated that the plurality of ridges <NUM> are configured to increase flexibility and reduce an overall weight of the midsole <NUM>. In addition, the head <NUM> of the rib 346A is partially exposed through a hole <NUM> within the upper surface <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> as a result of a curvature at least partially formed by the rim <NUM> between the lateral side <NUM> and the medial side <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>. To that end, the hole <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> is configured to allow movement or transfer of air, which improves moisture control and breathability of the article of footwear <NUM>.

Referring to <FIG>, the outsole <NUM> is configured to extend from the lateral side <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> and, in particular, the head <NUM> of each of the ribs <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> protrudes or extends from the lateral side <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>. In this way, the ribs <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> may be visible from a side view of the article of footwear <NUM> to impart particular performance properties and/or to create a visual impression. In some embodiments, the head <NUM> includes a peripheral flange <NUM> that extends outwardly as a thin section of material. In some embodiments, the ribs <NUM> may provide particular lateral or medial stability properties to support changes in direction, to prevent rolling or turning an ankle, or allow for greater traction control, among other desirable properties. Further, the visual impression of the article of footwear <NUM> may be customized to express creativity or information by way of the ribs <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. For example, the head <NUM> of one or more of the ribs <NUM> may be shaped as an alphabetical or numerical symbol, such that a user's name, a team name, a phrase, logo, brand, symbol, or even a jersey number may be displayed by the article of footwear <NUM>. In some examples, one or more of the ribs <NUM> may be provided in a particular shape or color that corresponds to a grade of stiffness, such as, e.g., a red color may indicate a greater stiffness and a blue color may indicate lower stiffness. Further, the ribs <NUM> may extend outwardly from the midsole <NUM> at varying distances relative to one another, as depicted in <FIG>.

<FIG> illustrates another embodiment of an interlocking assembly <NUM> including an outsole <NUM> and a midsole <NUM> in an assembled configuration. In the illustrated embodiment, the outsole <NUM> includes a plurality of ribs <NUM> that are recessed, e.g., offset inwardly, within corresponding receptacles <NUM> from the medial side <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>. In particular, the interlocking assembly <NUM> is illustrated from a bottom perspective view, wherein the interior surface <NUM> of each receptacle <NUM> is visible as a result of the recessed position of the ribs <NUM> within the receptacles <NUM>. Further, the receptacles <NUM> are open and exposed on the medial side <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>. Similar to the embodiment of <FIG>, the ribs <NUM> are exposed from the medial side <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> to impart particular performance properties and/or to create a visual impression, as described above. It is also contemplated the ribs <NUM> may be exposed from the lateral side <NUM>.

The interlocking assemblies <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> are provided as a lock-and-key configuration in which a particular outsole is configured to fit with a particular midsole by way of particular arrangements or configurations of projections and/or ribs that removably interlock with voids and/or receptacles. To that end, it is contemplated that the interlocking assemblies <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> may be formed with a reversal of parts, e.g., having projections or ribs extending from the midsole and voids or receptacles that are formed on the outsole, or some combination thereof. Additionally, the interlocking assemblies <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> may be retained and/or secured with the use of additional fasteners, such as, e.g., magnetic elements, hook and loop fasteners, buckles, zippers, rail fasteners, or the like.

It is further contemplated that the interlocking assemblies <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> afford additional features as compared to traditional sole structure assembles, such as, e.g., an ability to remove the outsole for continued indoor wear of the footwear indoors. For example, instead of a user removing the entire footwear, one may simply remove the outsole, which may be relatively dirty and/or contaminated by outdoor use, and continue to wear indoors the footwear with the cushioning properties of the relatively cleaner midsole, which is relatively less dirty and/or contaminated as compared to the removable outsole. Such indoor use of the footwear with the outsole removed may present benefits in a variety of applications, such as, e.g., more quickly entering and exiting a residential or commercial building by way of the simplified action of attaching or detaching the outsole.

Additionally, the interlocking assemblies <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> may reduce the need for additional pairs or sets of footwear by expanding the versatility of the footwear to become suitable for a variety of applications. For example, a midsole and upper may be configured for use in several different activities, including running, walking, basketball, tennis, weight-lifting, golf, and soccer, among others, while the outsole is configured for use with only one or less than all of such activities. In some examples, the outsole can carry particular ground-engaging elements, such as cleats, spikes, or the like, that are suited for particular activities, while the midsole and upper are configured to be universal, i.e., suitable for activities beyond those particular outsoles.

<FIG> illustrates a schematic representation of a top plan view of another embodiment of an outsole <NUM> similar to the outsole <NUM>, such that the outsole <NUM> includes the top surface <NUM> that extends from the toe end <NUM> to the heel end <NUM>. In the illustrated embodiment of <FIG>, the outsole <NUM> is depicted with the longitudinal plane L and the central plane C extending therethrough, for illustrative purposes. The outsole <NUM> includes a first attachment region <NUM> within the forefoot region <NUM>, a second attachment region <NUM> within the midfoot region <NUM>, and a third attachment region <NUM> within the heel region <NUM>. It is contemplated that greater or fewer attachment regions may be located in various locations on the outsole <NUM>. By comparison, the outsole <NUM> includes the outsole attachment region <NUM> within the heel region <NUM>, as illustrated in <FIG>. Turning back to <FIG>, the first attachment region <NUM> is illustratively depicted with an imaginary first boundary line <NUM>, the second attachment region <NUM> is illustratively depicted with an imaginary second boundary line <NUM>, and the third attachment region <NUM> is illustratively depicted with an imaginary third boundary line <NUM>. A first plurality of ribs <NUM> are located within the first boundary line <NUM> of the first attachment region <NUM>. It is contemplated that the first boundary line <NUM> extends along a periphery defined by the first plurality of ribs <NUM>, such that one or more of the ribs <NUM> are located on or coincident with the first boundary line <NUM>. In some embodiments, one or more of the ribs <NUM> are spaced apart from the first boundary line <NUM> within the first attachment region <NUM>.

In the illustrated embodiment of <FIG>, the first plurality of ribs <NUM> are provided of varying sizes and shapes and of different configurations. In particular, the first plurality of ribs <NUM> includes rib 432A in the form of a thin, linear projection extending continuously in a lateral-to-medial direction, i.e., parallel to the central plane C and spaced centrally on the outsole <NUM> between the lateral side <NUM> and the medial side <NUM>. The first boundary line <NUM> borders the rib 432A at opposing ends thereof, such that the rib 432A is coincident with and adjacent to the first boundary line <NUM>, although other configurations are possible. Further, the first plurality of ribs <NUM> includes ribs 432B in the form of thin, linear projections extending continuously at angles relative to the central plane C and having opposing ends adjacent to and coincident with the first boundary line <NUM>. Further, the ribs 432B are disposed such that a distance between them increases in a medial-to-lateral direction. Further, the first plurality of ribs <NUM> includes rib 432C in the form of a rectangular projection extending continuously substantially parallel to the central plane C and having opposing ends that are adjacent to and coincident with the first boundary line <NUM>. The ribs 432C is relatively thicker in a horizontal direction, i.e., parallel with the longitudinal plane L, than the ribs 432A and 432B. Further, the first plurality of ribs <NUM> includes rib 432D in the form of a generally rectangular projection having cross-members spaced between opposing ends of the rib 432D. The rib <NUM> is spaced from the first boundary line <NUM> and disposed at an angle relative to the central plane C. Thus, the first plurality of ribs <NUM> includes ribs of varying thickness relative to one another, ribs disposed at varying angles relative to one another, and ribs of different shapes and sizes.

In addition, the top surface <NUM> is depicted as including a texture, i.e., a localized deviation from a perfectly flat plane, within the first attachment region <NUM> and, thus, within the first boundary line <NUM>. In some embodiments, the top surface <NUM> may include a variety of texture characteristics, such as, e.g., roughness, waviness, and form, among others. The top surface <NUM> may be textured by a variety of methods, such as, e.g., grinding, cutting, lapping, blasting, sanding, honing, milling, reaming, laser treatment, additive manufacturing, among others. In any case, the top surface <NUM> may be textured to increase friction during engagement with an external surface, such as with a midsole. Further, the top surface <NUM> may include a layer, substrate, or sheet of a different material than the outsole <NUM> to provide similar frictional or engagement properties.

Still referring to <FIG>, the second attachment region <NUM> includes a second plurality of ribs <NUM> of varying sizes and shapes and of different configurations. In particular, the second plurality of ribs <NUM> includes a set of ribs 436A in the form of discrete, square-shaped protrusions arranged in a generally linear row, spaced apart from one another between the medial side <NUM> and the lateral side <NUM>. One or more of the ribs 436A are coincident with and adjacent to the second boundary line <NUM>, and, further, one or more of the ribs 436A are spaced apart from the second boundary line <NUM> within the second attachment region <NUM>. The set of ribs 436A is arranged asymmetrically about the longitudinal plane L, such that the set of ribs 436A is offset toward the medial side <NUM>, although other configurations are possible. In addition the second plurality of ribs <NUM> includes a set of ribs 436B in the form of discrete, square-shaped projections that are located within the midfoot region <NUM> and intersected by the central plane C. As such, the set of ribs 436B are located along the central plane C, coplanar with one another. Further, set of ribs 436B are spaced apart from one another a greater distance than a distance with which the set of ribs 436A are spaced from one another. That is, the set of ribs 436B are arranged such that one of the ribs 436B is located adjacent the medial side <NUM> and the other of the ribs 436B is located adjacent the lateral side <NUM>. Further, the second plurality of ribs <NUM> includes ribs 436C in the form an array of six discrete, square-shaped projections disposed linearly between the lateral side <NUM> and the medial side <NUM>. The ribs 436C are located a spaced a uniform distance apart from one another and the array of ribs 436C is generally symmetrical about the longitudinal plane L. In addition, the ribs 436C are generally smaller square-shape projections than the ribs 436A and 436B. Thus, the second plurality of ribs <NUM> includes ribs of varying arrangements and spacings from another, ribs arranged in asymmetrical and symmetrical relationships, ribs that are provided as discrete sets or arrays of projections, and ribs of different shapes and sizes and quantities.

With continued reference to <FIG>, the third attachment region <NUM> includes a third plurality of ribs <NUM> of varying sizes and shapes and of different configurations. In particular, the third plurality of ribs <NUM> includes a set of ribs 440A in the form of discrete, generally elliptical or circular projections of varying sizes and shapes relative to one another. In addition, the set of ribs 440A are arranged to be asymmetrical about the longitudinal plane L and the ribs 440A are spaced varying distances from one another. Moreover, at least one of the ribs 440A is located farther outwardly from the longitudinal plane L than the lateral side <NUM>, although it is contemplated that at least one of the ribs 440A may also be located farther outwardly from the longitudinal plane L than the medial side <NUM>. At least one of the ribs 440A is intersection by the longitudinal plane L, although other configurations are possible. In addition, the third plurality of ribs <NUM> includes a set of ribs 440B in the form of discrete, generally elliptical or circular projections arranged along a curved path <NUM> between the lateral side <NUM> and the medial side <NUM>. The curved path <NUM> is depicted as being a convex curvature relative to the central plane L, although other configurations are possible. Further, the third plurality of ribs <NUM> includes the ribs 440C in the form of discrete, generally elliptical or circular projections of substantially different sizes. In particular, a largest of the ribs 440C may be greater than double the size of a smallest of the rib 440C. Thus, the second plurality of ribs <NUM> includes ribs of varying arrangements and spacings from another, ribs arranged in non-linear or curved paths, ribs that are located outwardly of the lateral and/or medial sides, and ribs of substantially different shapes and sizes and quantities. In the illustrated embodiment, the third attachment region <NUM> extends outwardly from the lateral side <NUM>. Further, the top surface <NUM> is depicted as being generally smooth within the third attachment region <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrates a schematic representation of a side view of a portion of another embodiment of an outsole <NUM>. In particular, the outsole <NUM> includes a modified rib <NUM> that has a head <NUM> in the form of a generally elliptical, solid, member that is connected to a stem <NUM>. The stem <NUM> defines the projection axis P and is disposed at an angle θ, which is less than <NUM> degrees, although other configurations are possible. An end of the head <NUM> is connected to the stem <NUM>, such that the head <NUM> is offset from the projection axis P. In addition, the outsole <NUM> includes another modified rib <NUM> having a head <NUM> connected to a stem <NUM>. In particular, the head <NUM> is shaped to represent a number, i.e., twenty-two (<NUM>). It is contemplated that the head <NUM> may be shaped to represent a different number, or an alphabetical symbol, or a variety of other symbols or shapes. Further, the stem <NUM> is depicted as comprising three parallel columnar members spaced apart from one another and disposed substantially orthogonally relative to the longitudinal plane L. In this way, the stem <NUM> includes gaps or voids thereon. It is contemplated that the stem <NUM> provides particular cushioning and/or stiffness performance properties that may differ from, for example, the stem <NUM>. For instance, the stem <NUM> may provide an initial deformation resistance, e.g., upon impact caused by a user bearing weight generally vertically downward, before deforming and/or buckling as a result of the impact, after which the three columnar members of the stem <NUM> may contact one another to again impart deformation resistance, e.g., a spring-like reaction. Said another way, the stem <NUM> may be configured to act as a non-linear or linear dampening spring in which resistance varies as a function of time measured after impact. Moreover, the outsole <NUM> includes yet another modified rib <NUM> that has a head <NUM> connected to a stem <NUM>. In particular, the head <NUM> is positioned between opposing ends of the stem <NUM>, e.g., approximately half of a height of the stem <NUM>, rather than at an end of the stem <NUM> opposite the top surface <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. Further, the head <NUM> is provided in the form of a protuberance extending generally parallel to the longitudinal plane L and having a cross-sectional shape resembling a right triangle, although other configurations are possible. For example, the head <NUM> may be disposed radially about a portion of the stem <NUM>. In addition, the head <NUM> is arranged such that the angled side of the right triangle is positioned farther from the top surface <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> than the straight side of the right triangle. In this way, the head <NUM> is configured for ease of installation within a receptacle of a midsole, as well as for greater retention within the receptacle to resist disassembly or detachment from the midsole.

<FIG> illustrates a schematic representation of a perspective view of another embodiment of an outsole <NUM>. In the illustrated embodiment, the outsole <NUM> includes a top side <NUM> that is opposite a bottom side or ground-facing surface <NUM> and a clip <NUM> extending from the top side <NUM> at the heel end <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. Further, the outsole <NUM> includes ribs <NUM> extending from the top side <NUM> and spaced apart from one another in a heel-to-toe direction, the plurality of ribs <NUM> comprising a rear set <NUM> and a front set <NUM>. The rear set <NUM> of ribs <NUM> spans from the heel region <NUM> to the midfoot region <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>, the front set <NUM> of ribs <NUM> spans from the midfoot region <NUM> to the forefoot region <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>, and an arch cavity <NUM> is positioned between the front set <NUM> and the rear set <NUM>. In addition, the ribs <NUM> extend continuously from the lateral side <NUM> to the medial side <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. The ribs <NUM> within the front set <NUM> are a plurality including ribs 616A, 616B, 616C, 616D, 616E, 616F, <NUM>, labeled in sequential order moving in a toe-to-heel direction, i.e., heel-ward. Further, the ribs <NUM> within the rear set <NUM> are a plurality including ribs <NUM>, 616I, 616J, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, labeled in sequential order moving in the heel-ward direction. Accordingly, the rib 616A is located farthest from the heel end <NUM> and the rib <NUM> is located closest to the heel end <NUM>. In addition, the rib <NUM> is coupled to the clip <NUM> extending from the heel end <NUM>, and a chamber <NUM> is formed between the rib <NUM> and the clip <NUM> in fluid communication with a pair of through holes <NUM> and <NUM> formed in the clip <NUM> on medial and lateral sides, <NUM>, <NUM>, respectively. In the embodiment illustrated, the clip <NUM> is T-shaped and includes a pair of wings <NUM> and <NUM> that each curve from the heel end <NUM> to the respective medial side <NUM> and the lateral side <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> to connect with the rib <NUM>.

Still referring to <FIG>, and with particular reference to the ribs 616A and 616B, each of the ribs <NUM> include a generally rounded or curved head <NUM> that is connected to a relatively thinner base <NUM>. For purposes of clarity, the head <NUM> and the base <NUM> are only labeled on the ribs 616A, 616B, but it will be understood that every rib <NUM> includes the head <NUM> and the base <NUM>. However, the ribs <NUM> are each uniquely configured to correspond, in part, to a particular location on the outsole <NUM>. For example, the ribs 616A and 616B, which are positioned within the front set <NUM> and adjacent the toe end <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>, are provided as substantially solid members that are comparatively thinner than the rest of the ribs 616C-M. By contrast, the ribs 616C-M are each substantially hollow, tubular members. Further, the ribs 616A-M become increasingly thicker in sequential order moving in the heel-ward direction, with the exception of ribs <NUM> and <NUM>. To that end, the rib 616A is the thinnest of the ribs <NUM> and the rib <NUM> is the thickest of the ribs <NUM>, with each of the ribs 616B-K having a comparatively greater thickness than the rib <NUM> positioned immediately toe-ward. Because the thickness of the rib <NUM> corresponds at least partially to the amount of pressure and support experienced, as well as to an amount of return energy and comfort offered by the rib <NUM>, it will be appreciated that the arrangement of thicknesses of the ribs <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> is provided for improved performance and comfort when worn by a user during various activities, such as, e.g., training, walking, and running, among others. However, it will be appreciated that ribs <NUM> having a different arrangement of thicknesses are within the scope of this disclosure.

Referring to <FIG>, the rib <NUM> is hollow and includes a cavity <NUM> extending from the medial side <NUM> to the lateral side <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. Further, the cavity <NUM> communicates with a slot <NUM> that extends through the base <NUM>, such that the base <NUM> comprises a front leg <NUM> and a rear leg <NUM> spaced apart from one another across the slot <NUM> and connected to the head <NUM>. Accordingly, the front leg <NUM> and the rear leg <NUM> of the base <NUM> at least partially define the slot <NUM> and the head <NUM> at least partially defines the cavity <NUM> of the rib <NUM>. For purposes of clarity, the cavity <NUM>, the slot <NUM>, the front leg <NUM>, and the rear leg <NUM> are only labeled with respect to the rib <NUM>, but it will be appreciated that each of the ribs 616C-M is hollow and includes cavity <NUM> extending from the lateral side <NUM> to the medial side <NUM>. Further, it will be appreciated that each cavity <NUM> of the ribs 616C-L communicates with a slot <NUM> that extends through the base <NUM>. As illustrated in <FIG>, the head <NUM> is generally rounded and, thus, the cavity <NUM> is also generally rounded like the head <NUM>; likewise, the front and rear legs <NUM>, <NUM> of the base <NUM> define the slot <NUM> with a varying thickness moving in a direction away from the head <NUM>, i.e., toward the top side <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>, starting to narrow gradually before widening at the top side <NUM>. Further, the slot <NUM> of each of the ribs 616C-G of the front set <NUM> is open to and extends entirely through the outsole <NUM>, such that the slot <NUM> of each of the ribs 616C-G extends through the bottom side <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. Still further, the slot <NUM> of each of the ribs <NUM>-L of the rear set <NUM> extends entirely through the outsole <NUM>, including the bottom side <NUM>, on the medial side <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> and spanning substantially between the medial side <NUM> and the lateral side <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. However, the slot <NUM> of each of the ribs <NUM>-L is interrupted by a traction strip <NUM> that curves along the bottom side <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> from the heel end <NUM> to the midfoot region <NUM> along the heel region <NUM> and on the lateral side <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. Accordingly, the traction strip <NUM> spans across a lateral-heel portion of the slot <NUM> of each of the ribs <NUM>-L. Additionally, a plurality of traction pads <NUM> are arranged on the bottom side <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> along the medial side <NUM> from the heel region <NUM> to the forefoot region <NUM>, as well as along the lateral side <NUM> within the forefoot region <NUM>.

Still referring to <FIG>, the ribs <NUM> are spaced apart from one another to form gaps <NUM> between the ribs <NUM> and across the top side <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. The gaps <NUM> are sized and shaped in accordance with the ribs <NUM>, such that the gaps <NUM> are defined by the size or shape of the ribs <NUM> and by the spacing, i.e., distance, between each of the ribs <NUM>. The ribs <NUM> are spaced apart varying distances, such as the relatively larger distance between the rib 616F and the rib <NUM>. In the embodiment illustrated, a toe flap <NUM> narrows, i.e., measured in a lateral-to-medial direction, as it extends toe-ward of the frontmost rib 616A. Additionally, the illustrated embodiment includes notches <NUM> provided in the form of curvilinear, oval-shaped depressions formed between adjacent ribs <NUM> and along the lateral side <NUM> and medial side <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>.

<FIG> illustrate perspective, schematic representations of another embodiment of a midsole <NUM>. The midsole <NUM> includes a top surface <NUM> that is opposite a bottom surface <NUM>, a rim <NUM> extending along a periphery <NUM> of the top surface <NUM>, and a plurality of apertures <NUM> extending through the bottom surface <NUM> toward the top surface <NUM>. Additionally, each of the apertures <NUM> is connected to a receptacle <NUM> that is configured to receive one of the ribs <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> to form an interlocking assembly <NUM>, as illustrated in <FIG>. Referring back to <FIG>, the apertures <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> include apertures 716A-M, which are labeled in sequential order moving in the heel-ward direction, and the receptacles 720A-M, which are also labeled in sequential order moving in the heel-ward direction and corresponding to the apertures 716A-M. Further, the apertures 716A-G and receptacles 720A-G comprise a front group <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> that spans within the forefoot region <NUM>. Similarly, the apertures <NUM>-M and receptacles <NUM>-M comprise a rear group <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> that spans within the heel region <NUM>. An arch support <NUM> is positioned within the midfoot region <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> and separates the front group <NUM> from the rear group <NUM>. It will also be appreciated that the midsole <NUM> includes a plurality of flanges 740A-M that at least partially define and bound the apertures 716A-M and receptacles 720A-M. For example, the flanges 740A and 740B bound and define the aperture 716A and receptacle 720A, the flanges 740B and 740C bound and define the aperture 716B and receptacle 720B, and so on. Further, the arch support <NUM> opposes the flange <NUM> to bound and define the aperture <NUM> and receptacle <NUM> in the front group <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>, and the arch support <NUM> also opposes the flange <NUM> to bound and define the aperture <NUM> and receptacle <NUM> of the rear group <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>. In general, each of the flanges <NUM> and the arch support <NUM> are thicker near the bottom surface <NUM> and curve inwardly to become thinner moving in a direction toward the top surface <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>.

As illustrated in <FIG>, the receptacles <NUM> and the apertures <NUM> are provided of varying sizes and shapes. For example, the receptacle 720A and aperture 716A are relatively thinner, i.e., measured in a heel-to-toe direction that is parallel to the longitudinal axis L, and narrower, i.e., measured in a lateral-to-medial direction, than the adjacent aperture 716B and receptacle 720B. Further, the aperture 716B and receptacle 720B are thinner and narrower than adjacent aperture 716C and receptacle 720C. Accordingly, the flanges 740A-M are also provided of varying sizes and shapes, particularly of varying thicknesses and widths. Further, the arch support <NUM> is relatively thicker than each of the flanges 740A-M and generally T-shaped, as best viewed in <FIG>. Referring to <FIG>, the rearmost flange <NUM> is provided with a securing feature in the form of first and second blocks <NUM> and <NUM> at the heel end <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>. The first block <NUM> is located on the medial side <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> and the second block <NUM> is located on the lateral side <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>. Accordingly, the blocks <NUM>, <NUM> are spaced apart from one another and separated by the longitudinal axis L. Further, the blocks <NUM>, <NUM> are disposed closer to the bottom surface <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> than to the top surface <NUM>. In the illustrated embodiment, the blocks <NUM>, <NUM> are generally ellipsoidal-shaped projections that extend outwardly from the heel end <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>. In particular, the first block <NUM> extends outwardly from the medial side <NUM> of the flange <NUM> and the second block <NUM> extends outwardly from the lateral side <NUM> of the flange <NUM>, although other configurations are possible. Additionally, a plurality of nubs <NUM> in the form of curvilinear, oval-shaped projections are disposed along the lateral side <NUM> and the medial side <NUM> of the flanges <NUM> and extend from the bottom surface <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>. In the illustrated embodiment, the nubs <NUM> are spaced apart from one another and span across the heel region <NUM>, the midfoot region <NUM>, and the forefoot region <NUM>. For purposes of clarity, only the nubs <NUM> along the lateral side <NUM> are labeled in <FIG>.

Referring to <FIG>, the outsole <NUM> and the midsole <NUM> together comprise the interlocking assembly <NUM> that is configured to be removably attached and detached as part of the sole <NUM> for an article of footwear. For purposes of clarity, the ribs <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> are referenced as the front set <NUM> and the rear set <NUM>; similarly, the apertures <NUM>, the receptacles <NUM>, and the flanges <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> are referenced as the front group <NUM> and the rear group <NUM>. Accordingly, <FIG> illustrates the interlocking assembly <NUM> in an assembled configuration in which the front set <NUM> of ribs <NUM> are configured to be removably coupled with the front group <NUM> of receptacles <NUM>, the rear set <NUM> of ribs <NUM> are configured to be removably coupled with the rear group <NUM> of receptacles <NUM>, and the arch support <NUM> is configured to fit within the arch cavity <NUM>. In some embodiments, the outsole <NUM> and the midsole <NUM> are flexed to be removably coupled together in a manner similar to the one described in connection with <FIG>, although other configurations are possible. In some embodiments, only one of the outsole <NUM> and the midsole <NUM> is flexed during assembly to form the interlocking assembly <NUM>. It is further contemplated that the interlocking assembly <NUM> may be assembled by pressing the outsole <NUM> and the midsole <NUM> against one another in a substantially vertical direction, i.e., perpendicular to a longitudinal direction defined by the longitudinal axis L, such that no flexing occurs.

Further, as depicted in <FIG>, the clip <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> is configured to fit onto the rearmost flange <NUM> at the heel end <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> and the blocks <NUM>, <NUM> are configured to extend through the respective through holes <NUM>, <NUM> formed in the clip <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. As such, the flange <NUM> is received within the chamber <NUM> and the blocks <NUM>, <NUM> are received in the respective through holes <NUM>, <NUM> of the clip <NUM> to assist with locating and/or aligning the outsole <NUM> and the midsole <NUM> to form the interlocking assembly <NUM>. Further, the flange <NUM> fits tightly inside the chamber <NUM> between the rib <NUM> and the clip <NUM>, while the blocks <NUM>, <NUM> fit tightly inside the through holes <NUM>, <NUM>, respectively. As a result, the blocks <NUM>, <NUM> and clip <NUM>, via the through holes <NUM>, <NUM>, secure the heel end <NUM> of the interlocking assembly <NUM> to prevent displacement during use, i.e., activities involving rapid acceleration, high impact forces, continuous and repeated compression and expansion, change in directions or speed, exposure to outdoor environments, any combination thereof, and the like. In addition, when the interlocking assembly <NUM> is assembled, the notches <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> are configured to receive the nubs <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> to further assist with alignment and to secure the outsole <NUM> against displacement relative to the midsole <NUM>.

Referring back to <FIG>, when the outsole <NUM> and the midsole <NUM> are provided in the assembled configuration, the flanges <NUM> of the midsole <NUM> are received in the corresponding gaps <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>, the ribs <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> are received through the corresponding apertures <NUM> and within the corresponding receptacles <NUM> of the midsole <NUM>, and the arch support <NUM> is received within the arch cavity <NUM> of the outsole <NUM>. Further, in the assembled configuration, the interlocking assembly <NUM> may be coupled using additional and/or alternative fasteners, such as, e.g., hook-and-loop fasteners, magnetic elements, threaded fasteners, twist-lock fasteners, and any other suitable fastener that allows for removable attachment of the outsole <NUM> to the midsole <NUM> while preventing displacement in one or more directions, e.g., a toe-ward or heel-ward direction, a lateral and/or medial direction, and upward and/or downward directions. For example, it is contemplated that the toe flap <NUM> of the outsole <NUM> and the frontmost flange 740A of the midsole <NUM> are removably secured together using hook-and-loop fasteners (not shown). In addition, it is contemplated that some or all of the front set <NUM> of ribs <NUM> and the front group <NUM> of receptacles <NUM> and apertures <NUM> can be replaced with alternative fasteners, such as hook-and-loop fasteners, among other configurations.

It is further contemplated the upper <NUM> may be removably attached to the sole <NUM> utilizing any of the interlocking assemblies <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM> disclosed herein. For example, the upper <NUM> may comprise an insole (not shown) that is provided with a plurality of apertures and receptacles into which a plurality of ribs are configured to be received when assembled together, as a modified version of the interlocking assemblies <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>. Alternatively, the insole (not shown) of the upper <NUM> may be provided with a plurality of ribs that are configured to be received within apertures <NUM> and receptacles <NUM> of the sole <NUM>, such as in an inverted configuration of the interlocking assemblies <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>, <NUM>. Accordingly, the insole (not shown) may be provided as part of the upper <NUM> and/or permanently attached to the upper <NUM>, while the upper <NUM> is removably attached to the sole <NUM>.

Any of the embodiments described herein may be modified to include any of the structures or methodologies disclosed in connection with different embodiments. Further, the present disclosure is not limited to articles of footwear of the type specifically shown. Still further, aspects, such as the interlocking assembly, of the articles of footwear of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be modified to work with any type of footwear, apparel, or other athletic equipment.

Claim 1:
A sole structure for an article of footwear with an interlocking assembly, the interlocking assembly comprising:
an outsole (<NUM>) having a plurality of ribs (<NUM>), each rib (<NUM>) of the plurality of ribs having a head (<NUM>) that is connected to a base (<NUM>) by a stem (<NUM>), wherein the head (<NUM>) is at least partially hollow and includes a cavity (<NUM>) extending partially or entirely through the head in a lateral-to-medial direction; and
a midsole (<NUM>) having a plurality of receptacles (<NUM>), wherein the plurality of ribs (<NUM>) of the outsole (<NUM>) is configured to be received within the plurality of receptacles (<NUM>) of the midsole (<NUM>), whereby the outsole (<NUM>) and the midsole (<NUM>) are removably attached.