Patent Description:
Injection moulding may be used to make a wide variety of articles including articles having relatively complex shapes and a range of sizes. Injection moulding is, for instance, suited to the manufacture of articles used as caps and closures for food and drink applications, such as for bottles containing carbonated or noncarbonated drinks, or for non-food applications like containers for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Injection moulding is for example also used for the production of bottles.

Injection moulding is a moulding process in which a polymer is melted and then filled into a mould by injection. During initial injection, high pressure is used and the polymer melt is compressed. Thus, upon injection into the mould the polymer melt initially expands or "relaxes" to fill the mould. The mould, however, is at a lower temperature than the polymer melt, and therefore as the polymer melt cools, shrinkage tends to occur. To compensate for this effect, back pressure is applied. Thereafter the polymer melt is cooled further to enable the moulded article to be removed from the mould without causing deformation.

Polymer films are also widely used in packaging. These films must obviously protect the contents of the package from damage and the environment.

Sustainability is becoming more and more important in the production of moulded articles and films. Hence, it is a general ambition to reduce the amount of material needed to provide an article or film with the same properties. Reduced amounts of material used result in less energy consumption in production and transport as well as generally less waste material per article or film. Furthermore, reducing the amount of material per article or film has also the effect of reducing costs. Generally, this can be achieved by producing articles and films with lower thickness. However, this usually has the drawback that certain physical properties are sacrificed. Strength is the ability of a material to stay together when stretched or compressed. Stiffness is how well a material resists deformation. Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy before failure. Hence, to produce an article or film, which uses less polyethylene composition material, the strength, stiffness, and toughness of said polyethylene composition needs to be improved. To add to the challenge, however, these improvements must not be at the expense of processability of the polymer or the appearance of any article or film formed. Processability must be maintained or even improved to meet customer needs. Injection moulded articles are produced rapidly and any reduction in processability can increase cycle times and hence reduce process efficiency.

Multimodal high density polyethylene polymers for cap and closure applications are typically prepared in a two stage process, as described in, for example, <CIT> and <CIT>. These methods may be preceded by a prepolymerization step. However, such produced materials suffer from relatively low densities and a not well-balanced combination of stiffness and toughness.

In particular, <CIT> discloses a multimodal ethylene polymer having (A) a LMW homopolymer component and (B) a HMW ethylene copolymer component. Component (A) has a MFR<NUM> of <NUM>/<NUM> and a density of <NUM>/m<NUM>, whereas component (B) has a MFR<NUM> of <NUM>/<NUM> and a density of <NUM>/m<NUM>.

<CIT> employs at least a three stage polymerization process, optionally preceded by a prepolymerization step, leading to the production of polymers, specifically high density polyethylene homopolymers, which have an improved balance of processability and mechanical properties, such as ESCR and stiffness. However, also these materials exhibit low densities and improvable stiffness.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to find a polyethylene composition for the production of articles or films, which overcomes the above-mentioned problems, i.e. having improved stiffness and toughness at maintained processability to allow for the production of articles or films having comparable physical properties but lower weight, i.e. lower amount of said polyethylene composition. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a process to produce said polyethylene composition and an article made from said polyethylene composition.

It has surprisingly found that above-mentioned problem is solved by an at least bimodal polyethylene composition which has two polyethylene fractions having carefully selected ranges for weight, density and melt flow rate.

The present invention therefore is directed to a polyethylene composition comprising a base resin comprising.

The present invention is further concerned with a process for producing said polyethylene composition wherein the base resin is produced in a multi-stage polymerization process in the presence of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst.

Moreover, the present invention also relates to an article comprising said polyethylene composition and to the use of said polyethylene composition for producing an article.

In the following, the present invention is described in detail, in particular, the polyethylene composition, the process for preparing the polyethylene composition and the article made from the ethylene composition.

It has been found that the polyethylene composition according to the present invention provides an improved material for articles, such as films, which combines very good mechanical properties e.g. stiffness and toughness, with excellent processability.

The polyethylene composition of the present invention comprises a base resin comprising.

By ethylene homopolymer is meant a polymer having mainly ethylene monomer units. Such polymer may contain up to <NUM> mol-% comonomer units, due to the fact that during polymerization some impurities may be present. Preferably, the homopolymer contains no comonomer units.

By ethylene copolymer is meant a polymer the majority by weight of which derives from ethylene monomer units, i.e. at least <NUM> wt. -% ethylene relative to the total weight of the copolymer. The comonomer contribution preferably is up to <NUM> mol-%, more preferably up to <NUM> mol-%. Ideally however there are very low levels of comonomer present in the polymers of the present invention such as maximum of <NUM> mol-%. The other copolymerizable monomer or monomers are preferably C3-<NUM>, especially C3-<NUM>, alpha olefin comonomers, particularly singly or multiply ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, in particular C3-<NUM>-alpha olefins such as propene, <NUM>-butene, <NUM>-hexene, <NUM>-octene, and <NUM>-methyl-pent-<NUM>-ene. The use of <NUM>-hexene, <NUM>-octene and <NUM>-butene is particularly preferred, especially <NUM>-butene. Ideally, there is only one comonomer present.

The polyethylene composition according to the present invention is multimodal, comprising at least two fractions. Usually, a polyethylene composition comprising at least two polyethylene fractions, which have been produced under different polymerization conditions resulting in different (weight average) molecular weights and molecular weight distributions for the fractions, is referred to as "multimodal". The prefix "multi" relates to the number of different polymer fractions the composition is consisting of.

The form of the molecular weight distribution curve, i.e. the appearance of the graph of the polymer weight fraction as a function of its molecular weight, of such a multimodal polyethylene will show two or more maxima or at least be distinctly broadened in comparison with the curves for the individual fractions. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to a bimodal polyethylene composition, but can also have three or even more differing fractions.

Preferably, however, the polyethylene composition is a bimodal polyethylene composition.

Hence, the base resin of the polyethylene composition comprises, preferably consists of, two fractions (A) and (B). Preferably, the polyethylene composition consists of the base resin.

Fraction (A) is a polyethylene homo- or copolymer, preferably a polyethylene homopolymer.

Fraction (A) preferably has a density, which is higher than the density of fraction (B).

The density of fraction (A) is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>/m<NUM>, preferably of <NUM> to <NUM>/m<NUM>, and most preferably of <NUM> to <NUM>/m<NUM>.

The fraction (A) has a melt flow rate MFR<NUM> of <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>. Preferably, the fraction (A) has an MFR<NUM> of <NUM>/<NUM> or less, more preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or less, and most preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or less. The fraction (A) preferably has a minimum MFR<NUM> of <NUM>/<NUM>, more preferably at least <NUM>/<NUM>, and most preferably at least <NUM>/<NUM>. Thus, particularly suitable values of MFR<NUM> for fraction (A) are from <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>, such as <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>.

The fraction (A) is present in the base resin in an amount of <NUM> to <NUM> wt. -% with respect to the total weight of the base resin, preferably in an amount of <NUM> to <NUM> wt. -%, and most preferably in an amount of <NUM> to <NUM> wt.

Fraction (B) is a polyethylene homo- or copolymer, preferably a polyethylene copolymer. If fraction (B) is a polyethylene copolymer, the comonomer is preferably selected from the list consisting of <NUM>-hexene, <NUM>-octene and <NUM>-butene. <NUM>-butene is the most preferred comonomer.

Fraction (B) preferably has a density, which is lower than the density of fraction (A).

The density of fraction (B) is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>/m<NUM>, preferably of <NUM> to <NUM>/m<NUM>, and most preferably of <NUM> to <NUM>/m<NUM>.

The fraction (B) has a melt flow rate MFR<NUM> of <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>. Preferably, the fraction (B) has an MFR<NUM> of <NUM>/<NUM> or less, more preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or less, and most preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or less. The fraction (B) preferably has a minimum MFR<NUM> of <NUM>/<NUM>, more preferably at least <NUM>/<NUM>, and most preferably at least <NUM>/<NUM>. Thus, particularly suitable values of MFR<NUM> for fraction (B) are from <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>, such as <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>, most preferably even <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>.

The fraction (B) is present in the base resin in an amount of <NUM> to <NUM> wt. -% with respect to the total weight of the base resin, preferably in an amount of <NUM> to <NUM> wt. -%, and most preferably in an amount of <NUM> to <NUM> wt.

Preferably, the combined fractions (A) and (B) and fraction (B) are preferably present in the base resin in a weight ratio from <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM>, more preferably from <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM>, and most preferably from <NUM>:<NUM> to <NUM>:<NUM>.

The density of base resin is in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>/m<NUM>; and preferably of <NUM> to <NUM>/m<NUM>. The density of base resin may also be in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>/m<NUM>. Hence, preferably, the base resin is a high density base resin. If the density is lower than this range, the physical properties as needed for the articles and films will be impaired, i.e. the film becomes too soft. If the density is higher than this range, the articles may become too heavy.

The base resin has an MFR<NUM> of <NUM>/<NUM> or less, preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or less, more preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or less and most preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or less. The base resin has a minimum MFR<NUM> of <NUM>/<NUM>, preferably at least <NUM>/<NUM>, and most preferably at least <NUM>/<NUM>. Thus, particularly suitable values of MFR<NUM> for base resin are from <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>, such as <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>.

Preferably, the base resin preferably has an MFR<NUM> of <NUM>/<NUM> or less, more preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or less, and most preferably <NUM>/<NUM> or less. The base resin preferably has a minimum MFR<NUM> of <NUM>/<NUM>, more preferably at least <NUM>/<NUM>, and most preferably at least <NUM>/<NUM>. Thus, particularly suitable values of MFR<NUM> for base resin are from <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>, such as <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>.

Preferably, the base resin preferably has an FRR<NUM>/<NUM> of <NUM> or less, more preferably <NUM> or less, and most preferably <NUM> or less. The base resin preferably has a minimum FRR<NUM>/<NUM> of <NUM>, more preferably at least <NUM>, and most preferably at least <NUM>. Thus, particularly suitable values of FRR<NUM>/<NUM> for base resin are from <NUM> to <NUM>, such as <NUM> to <NUM>.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the difference between the density of the fraction (A) and the fraction (B) is between <NUM> and <NUM>/m<NUM>, more preferably between <NUM> and <NUM>/m<NUM>, and most preferably between <NUM> and <NUM>/m<NUM>. Density differences above these upper ranges can lead to compatibility problems between the fractions.

The base resin preferably has a z molecular weight Mz of <NUM>,<NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM>/mol, more preferably of <NUM>,<NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM>/mol, and most preferably of <NUM>,<NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM>/mol. Likewise, the base resin preferably has a weight average molecular weight Mw of <NUM>,<NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM>/mol, more preferably of <NUM>,<NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM>/mol, and most preferably of <NUM>,<NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM>/mol. The base resin preferably has a ratio of Mz/Mw of from <NUM> to <NUM>, preferably from <NUM> to <NUM>, and most preferably from <NUM> to <NUM>, such as from <NUM> to <NUM>.

The tensile modulus of the base resin preferably is more than <NUM> MPa, more preferably more than <NUM> MPa, and most preferably of more than <NUM> MPa. Typically, the tensile modulus of the base resin is not higher than <NUM> MPa.

The tensile strength at break of the base resin is preferably more than <NUM> MPa, more preferably more than <NUM> MPa, and most preferably more than <NUM> MPa. Typically, the tensile strength at break of the base resin is not higher than <NUM> MPa.

The base resin of the present invention preferably has an elongation at break of more than <NUM>%, more preferably more than <NUM>%, and most preferably of more than <NUM>%. Typically, the elongation at break of the base resin is not higher than <NUM>%. If the elongation at break level is lower than these ranges, the stiffness properties are impaired.

The base resin further preferably has a Charpy Notched Impact Strength (NIS) at +<NUM> of higher than <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, more preferably higher than <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, and most preferably equal to or higher than <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>. Typically, the Charpy Notched Impact Strength (NIS) of the base resin is not higher than <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>. Preferably not higher than <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>, and most preferably not higher than <NUM> kJ/m<NUM>. If the Charpy Notched Impact Strength (NIS) level is lower than these ranges, the toughness is impaired. Process of the present invention.

The present invention furthermore relates to a process for producing a polyethylene composition in any one of the above-described embodiments wherein the base resin is produced in a multistage polymerization process in the presence of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst.

A multi-stage process as used herein is a process which makes use of at least two reactors, one for producing a lower molecular weight component and a second for producing a higher molecular weight component. These reactors may be employed in parallel, in which case the components must be mixed after production. More commonly, the reactors are employed in series, such that the products of one reactor are used as the starting material in the next reactor, e.g. one component is formed in the first reactor, the second is formed in the second reactor in the presence of the first component. In this way, the two components are more intimately mixed, since one is formed in the presence of the other.

The polymerization reactions used in each stage may involve conventional ethylene homopolymerization or copolymerization reactions, e.g. gas phase, slurry phase, liquid phase polymerizations, using conventional reactors, e.g. loop reactors, gas phase reactors, batch reactors, etc..

The polymerization may be carried out continuously or batchwise, preferably the polymerization is carried out continuously.

The multi-stage process can be any combination of liquid phase, slurry phase and gas phase processes.

In the preferred multistage process, the lower molecular weight fraction (A) and the higher molecular weight fraction (B) are produced in different polymerization steps, in any order.

The low molecular weight fraction (A) can be prepared in the first polymerization step and the high molecular weight fraction (B) in the second polymerization step. This can be referred to as the normal mode and is preferred.

If a fraction is produced in the first polymerization step, the melt flow rate of said fraction can be directly measured as described herein. If said fraction is produced in the second step, the melt flow rate of the said fraction can be calculated on the basis of the weight ratio of said fraction and the fraction taken from the preceding polymerization step and the molecular weight of the total polyethylene composition.

In addition, subtracting GPC curves, when fractions of each polymer are known is also possible for determining melt flow rate of the polymer produced in the second stage of a multi-stage polymerization process.

Preferably, the multistage process of the present invention is a slurry phase-gas phase process.

The slurry and gas phase stages may be carried out using any conventional reactors known in the art. A slurry phase polymerization may, for example, be carried out in a continuously stirred tank reactor; a batch-wise operating stirred tank reactor or a loop reactor. Preferably, slurry phase polymerization is carried out in a loop reactor. In such reactors, the slurry is circulated with a high velocity along a closed pipe by using a circulation pump. Loop reactors are generally known in the art and examples are given, for instance, in <CIT>, <CIT>, <CIT>, <CIT> and <CIT>.

The term gas phase reactor encompasses any mechanically mixed, fluidized bed reactor, fast fluidized bed reactor or settled bed reactor or gas phase reactors having two separate zones, for instance one fluidized bed combined with one settled bed zone. Preferably, the gas phase reactor for the second polymerization step is a fluidized bed reactor.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention the fraction (A) is produced first and the fraction (B) is produced in the presence of fraction (A).

The resulting end product consists of an intimate mixture of the polymer fractions from the reactors, the different molecular-weight-distribution curves of these polymers together forming a molecular-weight-distribution curve having a broad maximum or several maxima, i.e. the end product is a multimodal polymer mixture.

It is preferred that the multimodal base resin of the polyethylene composition according to the invention is a bimodal polyethylene mixture consisting of polymer fractions (A) and (B), optionally further comprising a small pre-polymerization fraction. It is also preferred that this bimodal polymer mixture has been produced by polymerization as described above under different polymerization conditions in three or more polymerization reactors connected in series. Owing to the flexibility with respect to reaction conditions thus obtained, it is most preferred that the polymerization is carried out in a loop reactor/gas-phase reactor combination.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the process comprises a slurry-phase polymerization stage and a gas-phase polymerization stage. One suitable reactor configuration comprises one slurry reactor, preferably loop reactor, and one gas-phase reactor.

The catalyst may be transferred into the polymerization zone by any means known in the art. It is thus possible to suspend the catalyst in a diluent and maintain it as homogeneous slurry. Especially preferred it is to use oil having a viscosity from <NUM> to <NUM> mPa*s as diluent, as disclosed in <CIT>. It is also possible to mix the catalyst with a viscous mixture of grease and oil and feed the resultant paste into the polymerization zone. Further still, it is possible to let the catalyst settle and introduce portions of thus obtained catalyst mud into the polymerization zone in a manner disclosed, for instance, in <CIT>.

The polymerization in slurry usually takes place in an inert diluent, typically a hydrocarbon diluent such as methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, isobutane, pentanes, hexanes, heptanes, octanes etc., or their mixtures. Preferably, the diluent is a low-boiling hydrocarbon having from <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms or a mixture of such hydrocarbons. An especially preferred diluent is propane, possibly containing minor amount of methane, ethane and/or butane.

The temperature in the slurry polymerization is typically from <NUM> to <NUM>, preferably from <NUM> to <NUM> and in particular from <NUM> to <NUM>. The pressure is from <NUM> to <NUM> bar, preferably from <NUM> to <NUM> bar.

The slurry polymerization may be conducted in any known reactor used for slurry polymerization. Such reactors include a continuous stirred tank reactor and a loop reactor. It is especially preferred to conduct the polymerization in loop reactor. Hydrogen is fed, optionally, into the reactor to control the molecular weight of the polymer as known in the art.

Furthermore, one or more α-olefin comonomers may be added into the reactor to control the density and morphology of the polymer product. The actual amount of such hydrogen and comonomer feeds depends on the desired melt index (or molecular weight) and density (or comonomer content) of the resulting polymer.

The polymerization in gas-phase may be conducted in a fluidized bed reactor, in a fast-fluidized bed reactor or in a settled bed reactor or in any combination of these.

Typically, the fluidized bed or settled bed polymerization reactor is operated at a temperature within the range of from <NUM> to <NUM>, preferably from <NUM> to <NUM>. The pressure is suitably from <NUM> to <NUM> bar, preferably from <NUM> to <NUM> bar.

In addition, antistatic agent(s) may be introduced into the slurry and/or gas-phase reactor if needed.

The process may further comprise pre- and post-reactors.

The polymerization steps may be preceded by a pre-polymerization step. The pre-polymerization step may be conducted in slurry or in gas phase. Preferably, pre-polymerization is conducted in slurry, and especially in a loop reactor. The temperature in the pre-polymerization step is typically from <NUM> to <NUM>, preferably from <NUM> to <NUM> and more preferably from <NUM> to <NUM>.

The polymerization may be carried out continuously or batch wise, preferably the polymerization is carried out continuously.

In an example of the present process, polymerizing ethylene optionally with comonomers as herein discussed is accomplished in a multi-stage polymerization process comprising one slurry reactor and one gas-phase reactor.

A chain-transfer agent, preferably hydrogen, is added as required to the reactors, and preferably <NUM> to <NUM> moles of H<NUM> per one kmol of ethylene are added to the reactor, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM> moles of H<NUM> per one kmol of ethylene, when the fraction (A) is produced in this reactor, and <NUM> to <NUM> moles of H<NUM> per one kmol of ethylene, preferably <NUM> to <NUM> moles of H<NUM> per one kmol of ethylene, are added to the gas phase reactor when this reactor is producing the fraction (B).

The polymerization is conducted in the presence of an olefin polymerization catalyst. The catalyst preferably is a Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalyst which generally comprises at least a catalyst component formed from a transition metal compound of Group <NUM> to <NUM> of the Periodic Table (IUPAC, Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, <NUM>), a metal compound of Group <NUM> to <NUM> of the Periodic Table (IUPAC), optionally a compound of group <NUM> of the Periodic Table (IUPAC), and optionally an internal organic compound, like an internal electron donor. A ZN catalyst may also comprise further catalyst component(s), such as a cocatalyst and optionally external additives.

Suitable ZN catalysts preferably contain a magnesium compound, an aluminium compound and a titanium compound supported on a particulate support.

The particulate support can be an inorganic oxide support, such as silica, alumina, titania, silica-alumina, silica-titania or a MgCl<NUM> based support. Preferably, the support is silica or a MgCl<NUM> based support.

Particularly preferred Ziegler-Natta catalysts are such as described in <CIT>, preferably Example <NUM>.

If used, the magnesium compound preferably is a reaction product of a magnesium dialkyl and an alcohol. The alcohol is a linear or branched aliphatic monoalcohol. Preferably, the alcohol has from <NUM> to <NUM> carbon atoms. Branched alcohols are especially preferred, and <NUM>-ethyl-<NUM>-hexanol is one example of the preferred alcohols. The magnesium dialkyl may be any compound of magnesium bonding to two alkyl groups, which may be the same or different. Butyl-octyl magnesium is one example of the preferred magnesium dialkyls.

The aluminium compound is a chlorine containing aluminium alkyl. Especially preferred compounds are aluminium alkyl dichlorides and aluminium alkyl sesquichlorides.

The transition metal compound of Group <NUM> to <NUM> is preferably a titanium or vanadium compound, more preferably a halogen containing titanium compound, most preferably chlorine containing titanium compound. Especially preferred titanium compound is titanium tetrachloride.

The catalyst can be prepared by sequentially contacting the carrier with the above mentioned compounds, as described in <CIT> or <CIT>. Alternatively, it can be prepared by first preparing a solution from the components and then contacting the solution with a carrier, as described in <CIT>.

Another group of suitable ZN catalysts contain a titanium compound together with a magnesium halide compound acting as a support. Thus, the catalyst contains a titanium compound and optionally a Group <NUM> compound, for example an aluminium compound on a magnesium dihalide, like magnesium dichloride. Such catalysts are disclosed, for instance, in <CIT>, <CIT>, <CIT> and <CIT>.

Suitable activators are group <NUM> metal compounds, typically group <NUM> alkyl compounds and especially aluminium alkyl compounds, where the alkyl group contains <NUM> to <NUM> C-atoms. These compounds include trialkyl aluminium compounds, such as trimethylaluminium, triethylaluminium, tri-isobutylaluminium, trihexylaluminium and tri-n-octylaluminium, alkyl aluminium halides, such as ethylaluminium dichloride, diethylaluminium chloride, ethylaluminium sesquichloride, and dimethylaluminium chloride. Especially preferred activators are trialkylaluminiums, of which triethylaluminium, trimethylaluminium and tri-isobutylaluminium are particularly used.

The amount in which the activator is used depends on the specific catalyst and activator. Typically triethylaluminium is used in such amount that the molar ratio of aluminium to the transition metal, like Al/Ti, is from <NUM> to <NUM>,<NUM> mol/mol, preferably from <NUM> to <NUM> mol/mol and in particular from about <NUM> to about <NUM> mol/mol.

An optional internal organic compound may be chosen from the following classes: ethers, esters, amines, ketones, alcohols, anhydrides or nitriles or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the optional internal organic compound is selected from ethers and esters, most preferably from ethers. Preferred ethers are of <NUM> to <NUM> carbon-atoms and especially mono, di or multi cyclic saturated or unsaturated ethers comprising <NUM> to <NUM> ring atoms. Typical cyclic ethers suitable in the present invention, if used, are tetrahydrofuran (THF), substituted THF, like <NUM>-methyl THF, di-cyclic ethers, like <NUM>,<NUM>-di(<NUM>-tetrahydrofuryl)propane, or isomers or mixtures thereof. Internal organic compounds are also often called as internal electron donors.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polyethylene composition comprises further additives in amount of <NUM> wt. -% or less based on the total weight of the polyethylene composition, more preferred of <NUM> wt. -% or less, and most preferred of <NUM> wt. -% or less. Usually, the amount of additives in the polyethylene composition is not lower than <NUM> wt. -% or less.

The composition of the invention preferably is produced in a process comprising a compounding step, wherein the composition, i.e. the blend, which is typically obtained as a polyolefin base resin powder from the reactor, is extruded in an extruder and then pelletised to polymer pellets in a manner known in the art. The extruder may be e.g. any conventionally used extruder. As an example of an extruder for the present compounding step may be those supplied by Japan Steel works, Kobe Steel or Farrel-Pomini, e.g. JSW 460P or JSW CIM90P.

In certain embodiments, in said extrusion step the SEI (specific energy input) of the extruder may be <NUM> kWh/ton to <NUM> kWh/ton, more preferably <NUM> kWh/ton to <NUM> kWh/ton.

The melt temperature in said extrusion step is preferably <NUM> to <NUM>, more preferably <NUM> to <NUM>.

The present invention furthermore relates to an article, preferably a moulded article or a film, comprising, or consisting of, the polyethylene composition in any one of the embodiments as herein described.

The invention also relates to the use of a polyethylene composition in any one of the embodiments as herein described for producing an article, preferably a film.

Unless explicitly described otherwise, the description of the present invention is to be understood so that one or more of any of the above described preferred embodiments of the invention can be combined with the invention described in its most general features.

In the following, the measurement and determination methods for the parameters as used herein are given and the present invention is further illustrated by way of example and comparative example.

The melt flow rate (MFR) was determined according to ISO <NUM> and is indicated in g/<NUM>. The higher the melt flow rate, the lower the viscosity of the polymer. The MFR is determined at <NUM> for polyethylene and at a loading of <NUM> (MFR<NUM>), <NUM> (MFRs) or <NUM> (MFR<NUM>).

The quantity FRR (flow rate ratio) is an indication of molecular weight distribution and denotes the ratio of flow rates at different loadings. Thus, FRR<NUM>/<NUM> denotes the value of MFR<NUM>/MFR<NUM>.

The Charpy notched impact strength (NIS) was measured according to ISO <NUM>1eA at +<NUM>, using injection moulded bar test specimens of 80x10x4 mm<NUM> prepared in accordance with EN ISO <NUM>-<NUM>.

Density of the polymer was measured according to ISO <NUM>-<NUM>:<NUM> (method A) on compression moulded specimen prepared according to EN ISO <NUM>-<NUM> (Feb <NUM>) and is given in kg/m<NUM>.

Molecular weight averages (Mz, Mw and Mn), Molecular weight distribution (MWD) and its broadness, described by polydispersity index, PDI=Mw/Mn (wherein Mn is the number average molecular weight and Mw is the weight average molecular weight) were determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) according to ISO <NUM>-<NUM>:<NUM> and ASTM D <NUM>-<NUM> using the following formulas: <MAT> <MAT> <MAT>.

For a constant elution interval ΔVi, where Ai and Mi are the chromatographic peak slice area and polyolefin molecular weight (MW).

A PolymerChar GPC instrument, equipped with infrared (IR) detector was used with 3x Olexis and 1x Olexis Guard columns from Polymer Laboratories and <NUM>,<NUM>,<NUM>-trichlorobenzene (TCB, stabilized with <NUM>/l <NUM>,<NUM>-Di-tert-butyl-<NUM>-methylphenol) as solvent at <NUM> and at a constant flow rate of <NUM>/min. <NUM>µL of sample solution were injected per analysis. The column set was calibrated using universal calibration (according to ISO <NUM>-<NUM>:<NUM>) with at least <NUM> narrow MWD polystyrene (PS) standards in the range of <NUM> to <NUM>/mol. Mark Houwink constants used for PS, PE and PP are as described per ASTM D <NUM>-<NUM>. All samples were prepared by dissolving <NUM> to <NUM> of polymer in <NUM> (at <NUM>) of stabilized TCB (same as mobile phase) for <NUM> hours for PP or <NUM> hours for PE at <NUM> under continuous gentle shaking in the autosampler of the GPC instrument.

The tensile properties (tensile modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break) were determined according to ISO <NUM>-<NUM> on 1A ISO <NUM>-<NUM> dogbones. Following the standard, a testspeed of <NUM>/min was used for tensile modulus and <NUM>/min for all other properties. The testing temperature was <NUM>±<NUM>. Injection moulding was carried out according to ISO <NUM>-<NUM>.

Polymerization conditions and properties of the produced base resins and polyethylene compositions of the inventive and comparative examples are shown in Tables <NUM> and <NUM>, respectively.

CE1 is BorePure™ MB6561, which is a multimodal HDPE commercially available from Borealis AG with a density of <NUM>/m<NUM> and a MFR determined according to ISO <NUM> at <NUM> and a load of <NUM> of <NUM>/<NUM>.

Catalyst A was prepared according to Example <NUM> of <CIT>.

The base polymers of IE1-<NUM> were prepared in a Borstar pilot plant, with a reactor chain comprising a pre-polymerizing reactor, a loop reactor and a gas phase reactor. The reactor conditions such as temperature, pressure, and the concentration of monomers as provided in Table <NUM> were used.

The base resins of the Inventive Examples IE1-<NUM> and the Comparative Example CE1 were extruded and pelletized as described below.

The compounding was done under nitrogen atmosphere to pellets by using a JSW extruder so that the SEI was <NUM> kWh/kg and the melt temperature <NUM>. The IEs contain1000 ppm of Irganox B561 (BASF) and <NUM> ppm of Ceasit SW (Baerlocher) as antioxidants and acid scavenger, respectively.

Claim 1:
A polyethylene composition comprising a base resin comprising
(A) <NUM> to <NUM> wt.-% of a polyethylene homo- or copolymer fraction with respect to the total weight of the base resin having a density determined according to ISO <NUM>-<NUM>:<NUM> (method A) of <NUM> to <NUM>/m<NUM> and a MFR<NUM> determined according to ISO <NUM> at <NUM> and a load of <NUM> of <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>;
(B) <NUM> to <NUM> wt.-% of a polyethylene homo- or copolymer fraction with respect to the total weight of the base resin having a density determined according to ISO <NUM>-<NUM>:<NUM> (method A) of <NUM> to <NUM>/m<NUM> and a MFR<NUM> determined according to ISO <NUM> at <NUM> and a load of <NUM> of <NUM> to <NUM>/<NUM>;
wherein the average molecular weight of fraction (A) is lower than the average molecular weight of the base resin;
wherein the sum of the amounts of fraction (A) and fraction (B) is <NUM> wt.-% with respect to the total weight of the base resin;
wherein the base resin has a density determined according to ISO <NUM>-<NUM>:<NUM> (method A) of <NUM> to <NUM>/m<NUM>.