Patent Description:
Aviation fuel, including aviation gasoline and aviation kerosene, often contains dissolved water and free water. The free water is also referred to as non-dissolved water. The free water and the dissolved water in the fuel are converted into each other in the fuel with the change of temperature and humidity in such manners that: the free water is dissolved in the fuel and converted into the dissolved water as the temperature of the fuel increases, further increasing content of the dissolved water, and the dissolved water is separated from the fuel and converted into free water as the temperature of the fuel decreases. The dissolved water does not change the appearance of the fuel, whereas the free water is generally shown as vaporous or turbid form, water droplets, water masses (layers), and visually invisible superfine water droplets dispersed and suspended in the fuel. The dissolved water and the free water in the fuel can be changed at various stages of transportation, storage and use process of the fuel owing to changes in atmosphere temperature and humidity, for example, owing to residual water after cleaning of transportation devices (such as oil pipeline, oil tank truck, oil tanker, etc.) and oil storage tank or influence by rain, snow or high-humidity atmosphere due to poor sealing of devices, the content of water in the oil product increases. The dissolved water in the fuel does not directly affect the use safety of the fuel. However, the free water has a significant impact on operation safety of the aeronautical power system, and may even, in severe case, lead to a fatal accident of catastrophic crash.

The hazards of the free water in aviation fuel are mainly manifested in aspects as follows.

Have described above reasons, dewatering of aviation fuel and detection of free water in the aviation fuel are required throughout the whole process of production, storage and transportation and refueling of the aircraft. According to the rules and standards of the international civil aviation industry, when fuel is added to an aircraft fuel tank, moisture testing must be carried out to strictly control the content of the free water so as to ensure cleanliness and dryness of the fuel product. According to stipulation of International Air Transport Association (IATA), the content of the free water in the fuel should be lower than <NUM> ppm. According to stipulation of American Aeronautical Association (A4A), the content of the free water in the fuel should be lower than <NUM> ppm. According to stipulations of International Joint Inspection Group (JIG) and China Civil Aviation Standard, the test paper of a chemical water meter does not change in color when the content of the free water in the fuel is detected by using the chemical water meter, meaning that the content of the free water in the fuel is lower than <NUM> ppm. Therefore, it is particularly important to prepare a water meter with simple and convenient operation and fast result acquisition.

Currently, there are two types of methods of aviation fuel moisture detectors recommended by IATA. The first type is to use direct color development of pigment, such as dye crystal violet, lucifer yellow, auramine <NUM>, rhodamine B500 and the like, in water. The second type is to use the color change of the compound when it is dissolved in water to reflect present free water and its content. For example, anhydrous copper sulfate is white compound, and forms copper ion-water chelate upon contact with water to become blue. There were aviation fuel moisture detectors developed by Shell International Trading Co. ), Scott Manufacturing Co. and Gammon Technical Products Inc. , but these moisture detectors have limitations of high price, short effective period, overelaborate auxiliary components, complex structure, specialized operation requirement and inconvenient use in flight zone. In addition, a water measuring method is described in <CIT>, in which, a fluorescent substance is adopted to be dissolved in free water in fuel, ultraviolet lamp irradiation is carried out to measure fluorescence intensity, and the content of the free water is measured according to the relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the content of the free water. The similar method is used by an AQUA-GLO water meter of the GTP Company, America. The method requires the use of proprietary equipment for detection. The detection process is complex and time-consuming. The process is not suitable for rapid detection at aircraft refueling site. The water meter of Shell, UK adopts water test paper, which is prepared by coating a water-sensitive reagent on filter paper and utilizes negative pressure to make fuel flow through the water-sensitive test paper for free water content test. When the water content is lower than <NUM> ppm, there is no color change; when the water content is higher than <NUM> ppm, there is no significant color change on the test paper; and when the water content is <NUM> ppm, there is a relatively obvious color change. Since the water-sensitive reagent on the surface of the test paper of the Shell water meter is easily peeled off and oxidized, its storage effective period is short, and it is difficult to judge failure of the test paper, and there is a risk in application. In summary, the conventional detection method has problems of complex detection, high cost, long detection period and short storage period.

<CIT> discloses applying a mixture of K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] and FeSO<NUM> to a test element, for detecting water in fuel.

Therefore, the present invention provides a method for preparing a test paper to detect free water in aviation fuels, comprising the steps of: soaking a filter paper in an aqueous solution of K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>]; drying the filter paper to obtain an intermediate test paper; and coating a surface of the intermediate test paper with a powdery mixture of FeSO<NUM> and a chelator, wherein a weight ratio of the K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] to the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator is <NUM> : (<NUM>-<NUM>).

Further, a concentration of the aqueous solution of K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] solution is <NUM> - <NUM>/L.

Further, in the drying step, drying the filter paper at <NUM> - <NUM> for <NUM> - <NUM> minutes to obtain the intermediate test paper.

Further, the method comprises preparing the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator, including the steps of: mixing the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator; and milling the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator until the powdery mixture has a particle size of <NUM> - <NUM>.

The present invention also provides a device for detecting free water in aviation fuels. The device comprises the test paper prepared with the method described above. The device further comprises a housing, a core sleeve being inserted into the housing to form a sealing connection, a cavity formed between a front surface of the housing and a front surface of the core sleeve. The device further comprises a suction hole which passes through the core sleeve. The device further comprises a fuel inlet which passes through the front surface of the housing. The cavity communicates with the suction hole and with the fuel inlet. The test paper is configured in the cavity. The aviation fuel being tested passes by the test paper along a fuel channel formed by the fuel inlet, the cavity and the suction hole.

Further, a diameter of the fuel inlet is <NUM> - <NUM>.

Compared with the prior art, the test paper for detecting free water in aviation fuels and preparation method thereof provided by the present invention have the beneficial effects as follows.

In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, a brief introduction to the figures used in the embodiments is given below. Notably, the figures in the following description are merely illustrative of some embodiments of the present invention, and other figures can be made to those of ordinary skill in the art without involving any inventive effort.

Description of the figure reference signs in <FIG>: <NUM>) housing; <NUM>) fuel inlet; <NUM>) cavity; <NUM>) core sleeve; <NUM>) suction hole; <NUM>) annular inner groove; and <NUM>) test paper.

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the figures.

It should be noted that the following embodiments and the characteristics in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. Based on the embodiments in the disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without involving any inventive effort fall within the protection scope of the disclosure.

The method of the present invention provides a test paper for detecting free water in aviation fuels, comprising a filter paper, and K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] and powdery mixture of FeSO<NUM> and a chelator, which are loaded on the surface of the filter paper.

The color development principle of the test paper for testing free water in aviation fuels provided by the present invention is shown as follows.

K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] and FeSO<NUM> chemically react in an aqueous solution to form indigo. The chemical equation is shown as.

<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>]<NUM>-+3Fe<NUM>+=Fe<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>]<NUM>     (I).

Especially, K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] and FeSO<NUM> do not react in solid state. When water is present, K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] and FeSO<NUM> are electrolyzed to form [Fe(CN)]<NUM>- and Fe<NUM>+, respectively, and then react rapidly to form indigo. There is a corresponding relationship between the amount of indigo produced by the chemical reaction and water content: when the water content is high, the dissolved masses of the two substances are large, the mass of the formed indigo is increased, and the color change is more obvious. Based on the principle, the relationship between the content of free water in aviation fuel and the color development of the chemical water meter can be established, thereby realizing intuitive detection of the content of free water in aviation fuels. The test paper for detecting free water in aviation fuels provided by the present invention can realize the color change process (when in contact with water) as yellow (<NUM> ppm), few light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), green spots (<NUM> ppm) and blue spots (<NUM> ppm), is green when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm (critical value) and is blue when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm, has color development at low free water content (lower than <NUM> ppm, such as <NUM> ppm), and has obvious color change, fast and sensitive color development and easy judgment. At the critical value, the green is stable and is maintained for more than <NUM> hours under dry condition.

With respect to other ferric compounds such as ferric sulfate and other ferrous compounds such as ferrous chloride, the adoption of FeSO<NUM> by the present invention can be attributed to reasons as follows.

Although FeSO<NUM> has the advantages conducive to detection, it also has the problem that Fe<NUM>+ is easily oxidized into Fe<NUM>+ in air to interfere in the chemical reaction of equation (I). To solve the problem, a chelator is also added to FeSO<NUM> in the present invention, Fe<NUM>+ formed by oxidation of Fe<NUM>+ preferentially reacts with the chelator to form Fe<NUM>+ complex, thereby preventing Fe<NUM>+ from reacting with [Fe(CN)<NUM>]<NUM>-, reducing influence of oxidation on the equation (I) and ensuring full reaction of Fe<NUM>+ and [Fe(CN)<NUM>]<NUM>-.

The chelator includes one of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), tartaric acid, tartrate salt, citric acid and citrate salt. Preferably, a weight ratio of FeSO<NUM> to the chelator is <NUM> : (<NUM>% - <NUM>%) , more preferably <NUM> : (<NUM> - <NUM> %). Too low chelator content causes that oxidation-formed Fe<NUM>+ does not completely react with the chelator, thereby affecting reaction of Fe<NUM>+ and [Fe(CN)<NUM>]<NUM>- and resulting in a decrease in detection accuracy. While too high chelator content causes covering color development of the indigo product. Further, the chelator is citric acid or citrate salt. The combination of citric acid or citrate salt with FeSO<NUM> makes storage stability more excellent, thereby facilitating prolongation of storage time. More preferably, a weight ratio of FeSO<NUM> to the citric acid or citrate salt is <NUM> : <NUM>%.

In accordance with the invention, a weight ratio of the K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] to the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator is <NUM>:(<NUM> - <NUM>). As known from the reaction equation (I), the amount of the FeSO<NUM> is amplified at the ratio to ensure that sufficient Fe<NUM>+ can participate in the reaction even if oxidation occurs. It reacts rapidly during the detection process. Meanwhile, excessive FeSO<NUM> improving the stability of Fe<NUM>+ so that the storage period is longer. More preferably, a weight ratio of the K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] to the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator is <NUM>:(<NUM> - <NUM>), most preferably, <NUM>:<NUM>. Further and optimally, a weight ratio of the K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] to the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and citric acid or potassium citrate is <NUM>:<NUM>, and a weight ratio of the FeSO<NUM> to the citric acid or citrate salt is <NUM> : <NUM>%.

Preferably, the loading amount of the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator on the filter paper is <NUM> - <NUM>/cm<NUM>, more preferably <NUM> - <NUM>/cm<NUM>. Too much loading of the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator can affect apparent color development of the indigo product, and too little loading thereof can result in too few amounts of reactant on per unit area of the test paper and inconspicuous color development due to too few amounts of indigo product. For loading manner, it is preferable to be coated by a brush, a cleansing cloth and an electrospray technique, and more preferably to be coat by spray-coating electrostatic powders. The ambient humidity during coating is controlled within <NUM>%.

Preferably, the filter paper is one of an oil filter paper, a fast quantitative filter paper having pore size of <NUM> - <NUM> and a fast qualitative filter paper having pore size of <NUM> - <NUM>. The filter paper can improve detection efficiency and ensure detection sensitivity. Further, the FeSO<NUM> has a particle size of <NUM> - <NUM>. On one hand, the FeSO<NUM> with the particle size has good dispersibility on the filter paper and no agglomeration, thereby improving uniformity of its distribution on the surface of the filter paper; on the other hand, the efficiency of the reaction of FeSO<NUM> and K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] is taken in consideration; and finally, the FeSO<NUM> with the particle size is most easily to realize electrostatic powder spray-coating, thereby facilitating industrial mass production.

More preferably, a fast quantitative filter paper having pore size of <NUM> or a <NUM> fast qualitative filter paper is adopted, the adoption of the test paper can realize fast detection within <NUM> minutes, and detection efficiency is improved. Cooperatively, the FeSO<NUM> has a particle size of <NUM> - <NUM>, more preferably <NUM> - <NUM>, and the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator is coated by electrostatic powder spray-coating.

In accordance with the invention, K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] is loaded on the surface of the filter paper by soaking and drying, so that the distribution uniformity of K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] on the surface of the filter paper can be improved, and light yellow test paper with uniform color distribution is formed, thereby improving detection accuracy and sensitivity.

Accordingly, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a test paper to detect free water in aviation fuels, comprising the steps of: soaking a filter paper in an aqueous solution of K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>]; drying the filter paper to obtain an intermediate test paper; and coating a surface of the intermediate test paper with a powdery mixture of FeSO<NUM> and a chelator, wherein a weight ratio of the K3[Fe(CN)<NUM>] to the powdery mixture of the FeSO4 and the chelator is <NUM> : (<NUM>-<NUM>).

In the preparation process,
the step S1 is a step for loading K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] on the filter paper. In the step, soaking-drying manner is adopted to improve distribution uniformity of K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] on the surface of the filter paper and form light yellow test paper with uniform color distribution, thereby improving detection accuracy and sensitivity. In the step, a concentration of the aqueous solution of K3[Fe(CN)<NUM>] is preferably <NUM> - <NUM>/L, and too low concentration of the aqueous solution of K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] can cause too low content of the loaded K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>], and too few amounts of reaction product may cause inconspicuous color change, thus reducing detection sensitivity. Too high concentration of the aqueous solution of K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] may cause the test paper to be too dark in color and may cause covering of the indigo reaction product in color, so that the reaction is unobvious and the detection sensitivity is affected. Further, when the test paper is soaked in the aqueous solution of K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] with a concentration of <NUM>/L and dried, the loading amount of K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] on the test paper is optimal, that is, sufficient reactants are ensured without causing the test paper to be too dark in color. Still further, the filter paper is a fast quantitative filter paper having a pore size of <NUM> or a <NUM> fast qualitative filter paper.

The drying is used for removing water that adheres to the surface of the test paper in the soaking process. For selection of the drying temperature and time, the drying is performed at preferably <NUM> - <NUM> for preferably <NUM> - <NUM> minutes. Too short drying time or too low temperature causes residual moisture in the test paper and further causes advanced color change after the powdery mixture of FeSO<NUM> and the chelator is coated, thereby reducing yield or accuracy of the detection result. Too high drying temperature or too long drying time causes excessive drying of the test paper, and the test paper becomes brittle or the color is too dark to affect color change. Most preferably, the drying is performed at <NUM> for <NUM> minutes.

The step S2 is to coat the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator on the surface of the intermediate test paper. For coating manner, it is preferable to be coated by a brush, a cleansing cloth and an electrospray technique, and more preferably by electrostatic powder spray-coating. The ambient humidity during coating is controlled within <NUM>%. Preferably, the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator used for coating is prepared by mixing the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator and milling the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator until the powdery mixture has a particle size of <NUM> - <NUM>. That the particle size of the FeSO<NUM> is controlled at the range has the advantages as follows: <NUM>. FeSO<NUM> with the particle size has good dispersibility and excellent adhesion force on an oil filter paper, a fast quantitative filter paper having a pore size of <NUM> - <NUM> or a fast qualitative filter paper having a pore size of <NUM> - <NUM> and has no agglomeration, thereby improving uniformity of its distribution on the surface of the filter paper; <NUM>. the efficiency of the reaction with of FeSO<NUM> and K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] is taken in consideration; <NUM>. the FeSO<NUM> with the particle size is most easily to realize electrostatic powder spray-coating, thereby facilitating industrial mass production. Most preferably, the step S2 includes mixing the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator and milling the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator until the powdery mixture has a particle size of <NUM> - <NUM>. The powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator is coated on a surface of the intermediate test paper by electrostatic powder spray-coating. Milling of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator together helps to improve mixing uniformity. Also, oxidation ratio of FeSO<NUM> is reduced during milling.

Preferably, the coating amount is <NUM> - <NUM>/cm<NUM> in the step. Too much coating of the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator may affect apparent color development of the indigo product, too little may result in too few amounts of reactant in per unit area of the test paper, thereby resulting in too little production of indigo product and unobvious color development. Further, in cooperation with electrostatic powder spray-coating, the coating amount of the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator is preferably <NUM> - <NUM>/cm<NUM>, more preferably <NUM>/cm<NUM>. The spray-coating amount is in favor of forming uniform and thickness-suitable coating.

The test paper for detecting free water in aviation fuels and preparation method thereof provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects.

Referring to <FIG>, another aspect of the present invention provides a device for detecting free water in aviation fuels, comprising: the test paper (<NUM>) prepared with the method as described above; a housing (<NUM>); a core sleeve (<NUM>) being inserted into the housing (<NUM>) to form a sealing connection; a cavity (<NUM>) formed between a front surface of the housing (<NUM>) and a front surface of the core sleeve (<NUM>); a suction hole (<NUM>) which passes through the core sleeve (<NUM>); and a fuel inlet (<NUM>) which passes through the front surface of the housing (<NUM>), wherein: the cavity (<NUM>) communicates with the suction hole (<NUM>) and with the fuel inlet (<NUM>); the test paper (<NUM>) is configured in the cavity (<NUM>); and the aviation fuel being tested passes by the test paper (<NUM>) along a fuel channel formed by the fuel inlet (<NUM>), the cavity (<NUM>) and the suction hole (<NUM>).

The detection of free water in aviation fuels with the device for detecting free water in aviation fuels provided in the embodiment comprises the operations as follows: installing a syringe or other sampling devices at end of the suction hole (<NUM>), fuel sample passing through the fuel hole (<NUM>), the test paper (<NUM>) and the suction hole (<NUM>) and entering the syringe in detection process, and observing color development of the test paper to determine whether the water content of the aviation fuel exceeds predetermined value.

Preferably, a diameter of the fuel hole (<NUM>) is <NUM> - <NUM>. Increase on the size of the fuel hole (<NUM>) is conducive to improving detection efficiency. Although increase on the size of the fuel hole (<NUM>) is conducive to improving detection speed, the contact area between the fuel being tested and the detection test paper is excessively large, resulting in inaccurate detection result. More preferably, a diameter of the fuel hole (<NUM>) is <NUM> - <NUM>.

Preferably, the housing (<NUM>) has transparent or translucent configuration to facilitate timely observation of color change of the test paper. Referring to <FIG>, a sealing connection structure with simple structure and convenient assembling is arranged between the housing (<NUM>) and the core sleeve (<NUM>), i.e., the sealing connection is formed by the inner wall of the housing (<NUM>) and the outer wall of the core sleeve (<NUM>) in tight engagement therewith. The inner wall of the housing (<NUM>) and the outer wall of the core sleeve (<NUM>) are matched annular conical surfaces. Further, in order to reduce assembling force and ensure sealing effect, the core sleeve (<NUM>) is provided with an annular inner groove (<NUM>) extending from the rear end thereof toward the front part, and the annular inner groove (<NUM>) is coaxially arranged with the suction hole (<NUM>).

In addition, in order to further prolong storage period, the device for detecting free water in aviation fuels is preferably provided with a sealing mechanism for sealing the fuel hole (<NUM>) and the suction hole (<NUM>). The sealing mechanism can be sealing plugs provided at the inlet of the fuel hole (<NUM>) and the outlet of the suction hole (<NUM>), or can be plastic sealing sleeves provided at the inlet of the fuel hole (<NUM>) and the outlet of the suction hole (<NUM>), or can be a plastic sealing sleeve provided on the whole outer surface of a water meter. The sealing mechanism can improve sealability of the cavity before application, so as to prevent oxidation of the FeSO<NUM> on the test paper therein. In application, the sealing mechanism is removed.

The device for detecting free water in aviation fuels has simple structure, simple and convenient assembling and simple and easy detection operation, is convenient for storage of the test paper as well, and is contributive to prolonging storage period.

The present invention is further specified by examples and comparative examples as follows.

The preparation process of the test paper comprises:.

The aviation fuels with free water contents of <NUM> ppm, <NUM> ppm, <NUM> ppm, <NUM> ppm and <NUM> ppm are detected by the test paper, respectively. The detection is performed with the device shown in <FIG>. The diameter of the fuel hole is <NUM>, the volume of the fuel sample being tested is <NUM>, three repeated experiments are set, and the average value or the average value ± standard deviation of the three repeated experiments is applied as result. The detection results are listed in Table <NUM>.

The contents in each cell of the left-most column in Tables <NUM>-<NUM> and Tables <NUM>-<NUM> respectively show example number, process parameter and test paper color.

As shown in Table <NUM>, the concentration of the aqueous solution of K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] has influence on detection sensitivity of the test paper. If the concentration of the K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] solution is too low, there is no detection effect in the case of extremely-low free water content (lower than <NUM> ppm, the same below), and the difference on the chromogenic reactions in the case of high free water content is unobvious and not easy to be visually distinguished. If the concentration of the aqueous solution of K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] is too high, the color of the test paper is too dark, the color change cannot be visually observed in the case of extremely-low free water content, and it also has the problem that the difference on the chromogenic reactions in the case of high free water content is unobvious. The appropriate concentration of the aqueous solution of K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] is <NUM> - <NUM>/L. The test paper can realize the color change process (when in contact with water) as: yellow (<NUM> ppm), few light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), green spots (<NUM> ppm) and blue spots (<NUM> ppm), is green when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm (critical value) and is blue when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm, has color development at low free water content (lower than <NUM> ppm, such as <NUM> ppm), has obvious color change, fast and sensitive color development and easy judgment, can realize detection within <NUM> minutes, and has high detection efficiency. Most preferably, the concentration is <NUM>/L, where the difference on the chromogenic reactions of different free water contents is obvious and easy to be visually observed.

As shown in Table <NUM>, the selection of the filter paper has influence on detection sensitivity. If the pore size of the filter paper is too small, the detection time is too long, there is no detection effect in the case of extremely low free-water content, and the difference on the chromogenic reactions in the case of high free water content is unobvious and not easy to be visually distinguished. Preferably, the filter paper employs one of a fast quantitative filter paper having a pore size of <NUM> - <NUM>, a fast qualitative filter paper having a pore size of <NUM> - <NUM> and an oil filter paper having equivalent properties. The test paper can realize the color change process (when in contact with water) as: yellow (<NUM> ppm), few light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), green spots (<NUM> ppm) and blue spots (<NUM> ppm), is green when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm (critical value) and is blue when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm, has color development at low free water content (lower than <NUM> ppm, such as <NUM> ppm), has obvious color change, fast and sensitive color development and easy judgment, can realize detection within <NUM> minutes, and has high detection efficiency. Most preferably, fast quantitative filter paper with pore size of <NUM> or <NUM> fast qualitative filter paper is employed, where the difference on the chromogenic reactions of different free water contents is obvious and easy to be visually observed.

The aviation fuels with free water contents of <NUM> ppm, <NUM> ppm, <NUM> ppm, <NUM> ppm and <NUM> ppm are detected by the test paper, respectively. The detection is performed with the device shown in <FIG>. The diameter of the fuel hole is <NUM>, the volume of the fuel sample being tested is <NUM>, three repeated experiments are set, and the average value or the average value±standard deviation of the three repeated experiments is applied as result. The detection results are listed in Table <NUM>.

As shown in Table <NUM> and <FIG>, drying temperature and time have influence on yield. If the drying temperature is too low or the drying time is too short, the test paper may change color in advanced. If the drying temperature is too high or the drying time is too long, the test paper becomes too dark in color and becomes brittle. The test paper in both cases is defective and is ineffective for detection operation. Preferably, drying is performed at <NUM> - <NUM> for <NUM> - <NUM> minutes, and the prepared test paper is light yellow. The test paper can realize the color change process (when in contact with water) as: yellow (<NUM> ppm), few light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), green spots (<NUM> ppm) and blue spots (<NUM> ppm), is green when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm (critical value) and is blue when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm, has color development at low free water content (lower than <NUM> ppm, such as <NUM> ppm), has obvious color change, fast and sensitive color development and easy judgment, can realize detection within <NUM> minutes, and has high detection efficiency. Most preferably, the drying temperature is <NUM>, and the drying time is <NUM> minutes, where the test paper has optimal color after drying, and the difference on the chromogenic reactions of different free water contents is obvious and easy to be visually observed.

The aviation fuels with free water contents of <NUM> ppm, <NUM> ppm, <NUM> ppm, <NUM> ppm and <NUM> ppm are detected by the test paper, respectively. The detection is performed with the device shown in <FIG>. The diameter of the fuel hole is <NUM>, the volume of the fuel sample being tested is <NUM>, three repeated experiments are set, and the average value or the average value±standard deviation of the three repeated experiments is applied as result. The detection results are listed in Table <NUM>.

<NUM> pieces of the test paper prepared in each of the examples <NUM> and <NUM> and the comparative example <NUM> are placed in the device as shown in <FIG>, and then stored at room temperature to perform storage period test. The failure standard for the test paper is that <NUM> pieces of the test paper from <NUM> samples being tested have yellow-green spots. The detection results are listed in Table <NUM>.

As shown in Table <NUM> and Table <NUM>, the addition of the chelator helps to improve detection sensitivity and storage period of the test paper, and the type of the chelator also has influence on storage period of the test paper. The use of citric acid or citrate salt helps to improve performance stability of the test paper and prolong storage period up to <NUM> months.

The aviation fuels with free water contents of <NUM> ppm, <NUM> ppm, <NUM> ppm, <NUM> ppm and <NUM> ppm are detected by the test paper, respectively. The detection is performed with the device shown in <FIG>. The diameter of the fuel hole is <NUM>, the volume of the fuel sample being tested is <NUM>, three repeated experiments are set, and the average value or the average value ± standard deviation of the three repeated experiments is applied as result. The detection results are listed in Table <NUM>. The detection results of the test paper prepared in example <NUM> are listed in <FIG>.

As shown in Table <NUM>, the particle size of the FeSO<NUM> has influence on uniformity of its distribution on the test paper, thus influencing detection sensitivity. If the particle size is too small, it is easy to agglomerate, causing uneven distribution on the test paper and poor adhesion, further resulting in the occurrence of various color change areas during detection. If the particle size is too large, the detection sensitivity is reduced, and the difference on the chromogenic reactions of different free water contents is not easy to be visually observed. Preferably, the FeSO<NUM> has a particle size of <NUM> - <NUM>, and more preferably, <NUM> - <NUM>. The test paper can realize the color change process (when in contact with water) as: yellow (<NUM> ppm), few light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), green spots (<NUM> ppm) and blue spots (<NUM> ppm), is green when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm (critical value) and is blue when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm, has color development at low free water content (lower than <NUM> ppm, such as <NUM> ppm), has obvious color change, fast and sensitive color development and easy judgment, can realize detection within <NUM> minutes, and has high detection efficiency. Most preferably, the particle size of the FeSO<NUM> is <NUM>, where the uniformity of its distribution on the surface of the test paper are highest, and the difference on the chromogenic reactions of different free water contents is obvious and easy to be visually observed.

As shown in Table <NUM>, the weight ratio of the chelator to the FeSO<NUM> has influence on detection sensitivity of the test paper. If the ratio of the chelator is too low, the detection sensitivity is low, and the difference on the chromogenic reactions of different free water contents is not easy to be visually observed. If the ratio is too high, the detection of low water content is ineffective, and the detection sensitivity is low. Preferably, a weight ratio of the FeSO<NUM> to the chelator is <NUM> : (<NUM>% - <NUM>%). The test paper can realize the color change process (when in contact with water) as: yellow (<NUM> ppm), few light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), green spots (<NUM> ppm) and blue spots (<NUM> ppm), is green when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm (critical value) and is blue when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm, has color development at low free water content (lower than <NUM> ppm, such as <NUM> ppm), has obvious color change, fast and sensitive color development and easy judgment, can realize detection within <NUM> minutes, and has high detection efficiency. Most preferably, the chelator accounts for <NUM> wt% of the FeSO<NUM>, where the difference on the chromogenic reactions of different free water contents is obvious and is easy to be visually observed.

As shown in Table <NUM> and <FIG>, the coating amount has influence on detection sensitivity of the test paper. If the coating amount is too small, there is no detection effect in the case of extremely low free-water content, the difference on the chromogenic reactions in the case of high free water content is unobvious and not easy to be visually distinguished, and the detection sensitivity is low. If the coating amount is too high, uneven distribution on the test paper may be caused, resulting in occurrence of various color change areas in the detection process and further affecting accuracy of the detection results. Preferably, the coating amount is <NUM>-<NUM>/cm<NUM>. The test paper can realize the color change process (when in contact with water) as: yellow (<NUM> ppm), few light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), green spots (<NUM> ppm) and blue spots (<NUM> ppm), is green when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm (critical value) and is blue when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm, has color development at low free water content (lower than <NUM> ppm, such as <NUM> ppm), has obvious color change, fast and sensitive color development and easy judgment, can realize detection within <NUM> minutes, and has high detection efficiency. Most preferably, the coating amount is <NUM>/cm<NUM>, where the difference on the chromogenic reactions of different free water contents is obvious and easy to be visually observed.

As observed in <FIG>, compared with <FIG>, the stripe distribution in <FIG> is uniform, the coating uniformity is good, the stripe distributions in <FIG> are non-uniform, and the stripe local distribution is over-crowded. The coating uniformity and the coating amount have influence on product detection sensitivity. Under a certain amount, the more uniform the color development effect is, the higher the sensitivity is. The free water in the to-be-detected object is often unevenly distributed, and in actual detection, if the coating amount is too small or the coating is non-uniform and cannot be directly contacted with the free water, the color development of the product is affected, so that the detection accuracy is low. If the coating amount is excessively large and the coating is stacked on the test paper, the product and free water do not completely react, resulting in influence on color development effect or color uniformity and also resulting in direct influence on detection time.

As shown in Table <NUM>, the weight ratio of the K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] to the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator has influence on detection sensitivity of the test paper. If the ratio of the K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] is too high, the test paper is too dark in color, and the color change cannot be visually observed in the case of low free water content. If the ratio is two low, it also has the problems of detection failure due to low free water content and low detection sensitivity. Preferably, the ratio of the K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] to the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator is <NUM>:(<NUM>-<NUM>). The test paper can realize the color change process (when in contact with water) as: yellow (<NUM> ppm), few light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), green spots (<NUM> ppm) and blue spots (<NUM> ppm), is green when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm (critical value) and is blue when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm, has color development at low free water content (lower than <NUM> ppm, such as <NUM> ppm), has obvious color change, fast and sensitive color development and easy judgment, can realize detection within <NUM> minutes, and has high detection efficiency. Most preferably, the ratio is <NUM>:<NUM>, where the difference on the chromogenic reactions of different free water contents is obvious and easy to be visually observed.

The preparation process of the test paper is the same as in Example <NUM>.

The aviation fuels with free water contents of <NUM> ppm, <NUM> ppm, <NUM> ppm, <NUM> ppm and <NUM> ppm are detected by the test paper, respectively. The detection is performed with the device shown in <FIG>. The diameters of the fuel holes of the employed detection devices in the examples and the comparative examples are listed in Table <NUM>, the volume of the fuel sample being tested is <NUM>, three repeated experiments are set, and the average value or the average value standard deviation of the three repeated experiments is applied as result. The detection results are listed in Table <NUM>.

As shown in Table <NUM>, the diameter of the fuel hole of the detection device has influence on detection sensitivity. If the diameter is too small, the detection time is too long, the accuracy of the detection result is low, and the difference on the chromogenic reactions in the case of high free water content is unobvious and not easy to be visually observed. Preferably, the diameter of the fuel hole is <NUM> - <NUM>. The test paper can realize the color change process (when in contact with water) as: yellow (<NUM> ppm), few light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), green spots (<NUM> ppm) and blue spots (<NUM> ppm), is green when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm (critical value) and is blue when the content of free water is <NUM> ppm, has color development at low free water content (lower than <NUM> ppm, such as <NUM> ppm), has obvious color change, fast and sensitive color development and easy judgment, can realize detection within <NUM> minutes, and has high detection efficiency. Most preferably, the diameter is <NUM>, wherein the difference on the chromogenic reactions of different free water contents is obvious and easy to be visually observed.

The test papers prepared in Examples <NUM>-<NUM> are detected by the detection device shown in <FIG>. The aviation fuel with free water content of <NUM> ppm is detected by the test papers, respectively. The color residence times of the test papers are observed to obtain such a conclusion that green is stable at critical value (<NUM> ppm) and is maintained for more than <NUM> hours under dry condition.

According to the tests hereinabove, the test paper for detecting free water in aviation fuels provided by the present invention has the advantages of simple detection method, high detection efficiency, low cost, long effective service life and high detection sensitivity. The detection sensitivity of the test paper can be regulated by regulating process parameters. The test paper can realize the color change process (when in contact with water) as yellow (<NUM> ppm), few light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), light yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), yellowish-green spots (<NUM> ppm), green spots (<NUM> ppm) and blue spots (<NUM> ppm), and has obvious color change, fast and sensitive color development and easy judgment. At the critical value, the green is stable and is maintained for more than <NUM> hours under dry condition. The detection reliability is high.

Claim 1:
A method for preparing a test paper to detect free water in aviation fuels, comprising the steps of:
soaking a filter paper in an aqueous solution of K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>];
drying the filter paper to obtain an intermediate test paper; and
coating a surface of the intermediate test paper with a powdery mixture of FeSO<NUM> and a chelator; wherein:
a weight ratio of the K<NUM>[Fe(CN)<NUM>] to the powdery mixture of the FeSO<NUM> and the chelator is <NUM> : (<NUM> - <NUM>).