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Which of these principles is not an element of the responsibility to protect? | security_studies | [
"The responsibility to prevent.",
"The responsibility to react.",
"The responsibility to remain sovereign.",
"The responsibility to rebuild."
] | 2C |
Can environmental changes be reconciled with national security interests? | security_studies | [
"Environmental challenges to economic growth, such as natural resource management and employment, leads to diversification and research which may in the long-term result in technological advancements that bolster military programs.",
"Environmental changes can undermine national security in many ways; including w... | 1B |
Considering commerce and marketing, which of the following present the most significant obstacle to developing IT security? | security_studies | [
"There is no direct return on investment in building security systems.",
"Security systems are detrimental to usability and can make IT systems less functional, and therefore less attractive to the consumer.",
"There is pressure to reduce the time it takes to get a new IT product or system onto the market, so s... | 3D |
Which of the following events can be regarded as contributing to the emergence of environmental security during the 1960s and 1970s? | security_studies | [
"From the 1970s a number of scholars attempted to critique orthodox security discourse and practices, highlighting their inability to manage environmental risks to national and international security.",
"There became a growing recognition that environmental changes do not merely pose risks to ecosystems - they al... | 3D |
Is TNC a new phenomenon? | security_studies | [
"There is little evidence to substantiate the claim that there is a real and increasing threat posed by the scale and scope of transnational crime in the 1980s to 1990s beyond the consensus that concern over the levels of crime were generated by the military re-conceiving its role in light of the dissolution of the... | 1B |
Prior to the late 20th century the role of women in war had been neglected as an area of concern in security studies, for what reason? | security_studies | [
"Women did not actively engage in warfare as combatants and so questions of gender or the role of women were not important in considerations of security.",
"The roles that women played in violence, be it as victims, perpetrators or otherwise, was framed in terms of what effect their roles had on the state, rather... | 1B |
What are the main criticisms of the realist argument against humanitarian intervention? | security_studies | [
"Realist opposition to humanitarian intervention is based on assumptions that states will protect their citizens.",
"The realist position overlooks the responsibilities that are inherent to sovereignty.",
"Critics of humanitarian intervention overlook the wide body of international law relating to basic human r... | 3D |
Which of the following statements best describes our understanding of the term 'globalization'? | security_studies | [
"Globalization refers to the process by which shared hegemonic values pervade societies across the globe, drawing them into an ideological community, most often based on the economic principles of capitalism.",
"Best described as intensification of worldwide social relations and increasing interdependence, global... | 1B |
In what ways may weak states be challenged externally? | security_studies | [
"Powerful states may employ diplomatic pressures to ensure that weak states comply with international norms. This may involve economic sanctions and withholding weaponry deals, which undermines the state's ability to pay or supply the army which increases the risk of army disaffection and possible coups.",
"Weak ... | 3D |
Which of the following is applicable when considering the concept of security dilemmas in terms of societal identity? | security_studies | [
"For societal security dilemmas ambiguity can stem from two sides of nationalism; cultural (positive) and ethnic (negative). Ethnic (political) nationalism is often described as more malign and linked to state disintegration, whereas cultural nationalism is often seen as benign, working within existing state struct... | 3D |
What is meant by the term 'security dilemma' and how does it impact on the international security environment? | security_studies | [
"The security dilemma can be utilised as a force for stabilising the international environment, placing all states at equal risk of military attack and discouraging a counter-productive accumulation of military force; the impact of security dilemmas is largely restricted to the realm of military security, although ... | 1B |
Which of the following statements does NOT characterize arms control as a strategic policy? | security_studies | [
"Arms control is an example of cooperative security, designed to address the problems associated with the security dilemma.",
"Policies of arms control and disarmament was pursued during the Cold War in an attempt to achieve security.",
"Arms control does not challenge the central role of weaponry and military ... | 3D |
Which of the following best describes the 'Orient' according to Edward Said? | security_studies | [
"The Orient is a constructed subject that is imagined as inferior, irrational, and backward, in comparison to the West.",
"The Orient is a geographical term once used to describe the east Asia.",
"The Orient is an imagined concept that must be rejected by scholars in order to analyse security.",
"Where there ... | 0A |
What are the types of terrorism? Are all groups the same? | security_studies | [
"Religious terrorism seems to be one of the hallmarks of the post-Cold War age. Religious terrorism is understood to denote the extremist activities of Islamic fundamentalism. Al-Qaeda is the most prominent example of religious terrorist groups and is described as globally operational, although religious terrorism ... | 3D |
What kind of actors are involved in the defence trade? | security_studies | [
"The defence trade concerns legitimate business interaction between states procuring or selling military equipment.",
"Military organisations are the sole actors in the defence trade.",
"Not only state actors are involved in the defence trade. Non-state actors, including illegal groups, are also key players.",
... | 2C |
How has HM developed during and since the Cold War? | security_studies | [
"During the post Cold War period there has grown an increasingly disparity between the analytical framework of security studies and HM, sidelining the latter and excluding it from mainstream study.",
"Following the popularity of HM during the Cold War it has enjoyed a gradual inclusion into security dialogue and ... | 2C |
To what extent is TNC linked with terrorism, and in what ways? | security_studies | [
"There is growing evidence of direct partnerships between terrorist groups and transnational criminal organization resulting from the end of the Cold War and the need to secure new forms of financial sponsorship. For most terrorist groups criminal activity has been amongst the most important sources of funds with t... | 2C |
Which statement best describes the relationship between realist international relations theorists and peace researchers in the early 1960s? | security_studies | [
"Both peace researchers and realists advocated an academic focus on the escalation of the arms race. Although tensions existed between the groups in terms of their proposed solutions to this crisis, there existed a consensus that the Soviet bloc should be eliminated as a nuclear threat, thus favouring the survival ... | 3D |
Which of the following is an important outcome of the 'energy security nexus'? | security_studies | [
"Attempts to exert control over energy reserves in the South have consequences for the sustainability of cooperation between core powers; the emergence of geopolitical rivalries over this form of control has implications for international security.",
"All of these options.",
"United by common insecurities conce... | 0A |
In what ways did strategic circumstances have an effect on environmental security perspectives? | security_studies | [
"The end of the Cold War created the space for security policy and security studies to be re-considered in light of growing environmental consciousness underlined by multilateralism in policy action.",
"In 1973 the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) restricted oil supplies which underlined the i... | 0A |
What is the relationship between HM and realism? | security_studies | [
"Both HM and realism are based on the notion that there exist within society certain discernable realities.",
"HM has some aspects in common with realism, liberalism, and social constructivism, but it offers something distinctive in having class conflict within capitalism as its central focus.",
"Whilst HM reco... | 3D |
How can we best describe liberalism? | security_studies | [
"Liberalism is a fundamentally pessimistic approach that regards the international system as destined to the escalation of conflict. It is the dominant conception in the practice of international politics.",
"Liberalism is a novel conception in the theory of international politics. It is an optimistic approach th... | 2C |
What factors enabled the expansion of transnational crime (TNC) in the 1990s? | security_studies | [
"Transnational crime developed as a result of the declining expenditure on defence and the standing down of armies, which reduced the risk of activities.",
"TNC as a concept emerged in the academic sphere as linked to human security concerns and developmental opportunities in weak states as a means of conflict re... | 3D |
Why do so many feminist scholars regard the exclusion of women from the military sphere or from armed combat as important? | security_studies | [
"Veterans of armed conflict may be rewarded by gaining powerful offices, often in political positions and in state institutions.",
"Participation in military activity is often regarded as a sign of strength, patriotism and courage.",
"The foundations for decisions not to allow female participation are commonly ... | 3D |
In the context of energy security and the production of oil, which of the following does not define the term 'stability'? | security_studies | [
"The absence of challenges to the regime of oil-producing states.",
"A political and economic situation in which the status quo of production, exportation and supply is maintained.",
"The promotion of human security and the affiliated environmental security as a priority within oil-producing states.",
"The se... | 2C |
In what ways is the case for humanitarian intervention, as outlined in this chapter, limited? | security_studies | [
"It is not self-evident that individuals do have universal and fundamental human rights.",
"Advocates of humanitarian intervention exaggerate the extent of global consensus about the use of force to protect human rights.",
"Any norm endorsing the use of force to protect individual rights could be abused by powe... | 3D |
Which of the following statements is not applicable to the Securitization process? | security_studies | [
"Securitization reveals the power of the securitizing actor.",
"Where the securitizing actor is a democratic state, the relevant audience is usually the wider population who have the right to reject the speech act.",
"The adoption of extraordinary measures can retrospectively convince an audience of the existen... | 2C |
During the 20th century, how has the focus of security studies changed regarding military security? | security_studies | [
"Security studies has always favoured a wide range of subjects when considering the field of security. Different types of security, most notably of human security and economic security, have enjoyed a great deal of attention in traditional security studies, alongside military security. After the Cold War this appro... | 3D |
Which of these statements is not applicable to the development of peace studies in the twentieth century? | security_studies | [
"Within peace studies, one of the later developments was a major interest in conflict prevention, conflict resolution, and peacekeeping.",
"At the height of the Cold War, peace studies was frequently labelled 'appeasement studies' and was bitterly opposed by critics.",
"By the 1970s, prominent peace researchers... | 2C |
What role does 'Information' play in the economic science of decision making? | security_studies | [
"Information is not important to decision making in economic theory; rather, it is an actor's perceptions of situations that will inform their decision making process.",
"Information has no special significance to economic decision making, which is guided more by external forces that coerce actors than their own ... | 2C |
Which of the following is not one of the unifying principles of Critical Security Studies, as defined by Krause? | security_studies | [
"Principle actors are social constructs that are made through political practices.",
"Natural-science methodology is the best way to study social science, interpretive methodologies lack the coherence required for in-depth analysis.",
"Knowledge of the social world is not objective, as there is no divide betwee... | 1B |
Which of the following are frequently cited criticisms of HM? | security_studies | [
"HM pays insufficient attention to the role of the labourer, instead focusing on the capitalist as the source of power and most important actor. HM can also allude to capitalist power structures, to the detriment of supporting the human security of workers.",
"HM too often accuses capitalism of acting solely in s... | 1B |
What is the referent object in contemporary cyber-security? | security_studies | [
"Digitalised sensitive information",
"Critical Information Infrastructures",
"Government IT systems",
"Telecommunication networks"
] | 1B |
Which of these statements concerning the study of identity is not applicable to social constructivism? | security_studies | [
"Identity defines actors, and tells us who they are, what their preferences and interests are, and how those preferences might inform their actions.",
"Identity is of fundamental importance to the social constructivist perspective because it is the basest principle in defining behaviour; it is a naturally bestowe... | 1B |
Which of these best describes the concept of hegemonic masculinity? | security_studies | [
"The inherent promotion of feminine characteristics in society.",
"Social dominance of men over women that results from the designation of 'masculine' characteristics as more valued than 'feminine' characteristics.",
"All of these options.",
"The acknowledgement that gender identity exists in many forms and i... | 1B |
How do institutional constraints affect behaviour? | security_studies | [
"Institutional constraints limit the amount of resources to be spent on some good and force actors to choose how to manage the limited wealth available to them.",
"Institutions are the social norms and expectations that affect an actor's goals and ambitions.",
"Institutional constraints refer to tools of the st... | 3D |
Which of the following policies is not true of economic policy? | security_studies | [
"Economic policies must take into account the incentives of not only the leaders, but the populations intended to influence.",
"Policymakers can incentivize security-promoting behaviours in others through the use of sanctions and aid.",
"Trade policies can entice leaders to change behaviours in exchange for acc... | 3D |
Considering 'offensive' and 'defensive realism', which of these statements is not correct? | security_studies | [
"Offensive realism defines the international system as an environment in which states seek to achieve security through the acquisition of power.",
"Defensive realism regards cooperation as the way in which states can achieve security.",
"Both defensive realism and offensive realism regard power and competition ... | 2C |
Why, in the contemporary studies of security, is the subject of energy security so important? | security_studies | [
"There exists an array of contemporary challenges to energy security, ranging from resource scarcity concerns to dangers of political instability.",
"The existence of reliable supplies of energy determines the ability of a nation to achieve economic development.",
"Energy security encompasses a broad range of i... | 3D |
Which of the following is a legitimate threat to societal security? | security_studies | [
"Political policies designed to alter demographic characteristics of a state.",
"All of these options.",
"Legislation that criminalises certain cultural behaviours or practice.",
"The use of military force to conduct ethnic-cleansing through displacement and killing."
] | 1B |
Which of these statements cannot be applied to the initial development of peace studies? | security_studies | [
"Mathematicians and natural scientists entered the field, which was otherwise a social-sciences area of study, adding to the interdisciplinary nature of the field.",
"Now of fundamental importance to peace studies as a field of research, the creation of journals was not a prominent feature of the peace studies un... | 1B |
Since the end of the Cold War, how has the use of coercive diplomacy by Western powers changed? | security_studies | [
"Coercive diplomacy has proven a successful policy tool and one that is integral to conflict management. The successes of the past policy initiatives in the post-9/11 community have reinforced the trend toward coercive diplomacy by increasing American political will to counter mass casualty terrorism in failing sta... | 1B |
To what extent and to what effect has the environment been securitized? | security_studies | [
"The securitization of environmental security concerns has raised the profile of environmental security issues among both foreign and domestic security policymakers and agencies. It is now uniformly recognized that environmental change can be considered as an issue of high security politics.",
"Environmental secu... | 2C |
Which of these statements characterizes the traditional concept of national security, as opposed to human security? | security_studies | [
"All of these options.",
"In the national security approach, real threats are only those posed to human life, human rights, or human dignity.",
"The traditional interpretations of security and threats are important boundaries that define human security.",
"The concept of national security is too narrow to be ... | 3D |
How does Buzan's concept of 'societal security' mark a departure from traditional understandings of security? | security_studies | [
"Securing the sustainable development of the state was dependent on societal security as an independent interest that was not secondary or dependent on the other sectors, including the military.",
"The end of the Cold War allowed security studies to move beyond the confines of the dominant realist and neorealist ... | 1B |
Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11, what is the predominant paradigm in security and threat perception and to what extent is it an adequate response? | security_studies | [
"The security paradigm has been the development of multi-level analysis, to aid the understanding of disempowerment and to promote peace research involvement by NGOs, policy-makers, and the academic community.",
"The security paradigm of US led strategy has been the undertaking of short-term measures, many of whi... | 2C |
Which of the following conditions does not constitute 'human security'? | security_studies | [
"A condition where people are given relief from the traumas that afflict human development, are safe from threats and are protected from hurtful disruptions to their daily lives.",
"A condition in which every citizen is free from the threat of physical violence, regardless of their race, ethnicity or other identi... | 3D |
What are the effects of nuclear weapons? | security_studies | [
"A nuclear blast produces EMP, a thermal light pulse, blast, and fallout at the moment of detonation. The electro-magnetic pulse occurs when gamma radiation interacts with matter (the atmosphere), \"the Compton effect.\" EMP produces a high voltage charge, harmless to humans but destructive to electronic systems. E... | 3D |
Which statement best describes commercial liberalism? | security_studies | [
"Commercial liberalism is the newest and most important faction of liberalism; it advocates socialist economic principles in order to address inequalities in the distribution of wealth that threaten societal and regime security.",
"Commercial liberalism is based on the idea that free-trade directly undermines the... | 2C |
Security studies can be interpreted as an imperial field of knowledge in which of the following ways? | security_studies | [
"Security studies emerged in relation to the interests of the USA and Britain following the Second World War.",
"Security studies adopts a perspective which postcolonial scholars refer to as 'the colonizer's view of the world'.",
"Security studies was originally defined by the power of the USA and Britain at a ... | 3D |
In what ways did the Human Development Report, published by the United Nations Development Program in 1994, challenge the traditional security paradigm? | security_studies | [
"The report outlined seven areas or components of human security that policymakers should henceforth devote greater political attention and capital to: economic security, food security, health security, environmental security, personal security, community security, and political security.",
"The report highlighte... | 3D |
How might we understand the terms gender and gender security? | security_studies | [
"Gender security is essentially an extension of the way in which we conceptualize the international political system. The analysis of gender security relations has only been made possible by the expansion of the traditional military definition of security in which national security in anarchical international socie... | 3D |
Which of the following best describes what is meant by security in the contemporary world, according to the field of Security Studies? | security_studies | [
"'A nation is secure to the extent to which it is not in danger of having to sacrifice core values if it wishes to avoid war, and is able, if challenged, to maintain them by victory in such a war.' Lippman, W.",
"'Security itself is a relative freedom from war, coupled with a relatively high expectation that defe... | 3D |
Which of these is an effective way of securing against cyber threats? | security_studies | [
"Complete eradication of threats.",
"Ensure that the severity of cyber war as a threat is recognised, and that instances of cyber warfare are identified, publicised, and acted upon immediately.",
"All of these options.",
"Acceptance that there can be no absolute security, instead design resilient IT systems a... | 3D |
Which of the following are trends to emerge in the global defence trade since the end of the Cold War? | security_studies | [
"A growing effort by governments to prevent the spread of weapons, especially of WMDs.",
"A growth in volume of the arms trade.",
"A change in the nature of the defence trade, linked to the changing nature of conflict.",
"All of these options."
] | 3D |
In what ways has the concept of environmental security been contested? | security_studies | [
"Analysis of environmental security is understood as the integrity of the whole ecological system whose primary threat is human activity. However, it radically challenges security thinking in that it demands a shift in the reason for action from national security interest to the welfare of the entire social-ecologi... | 0A |
In theorising the Responsibility to Protect, fundamental questions are raised about the nature of state sovereignty. Regarding this tension between R2P and notions of sovereignty, which of the following is not an accurate statement? | security_studies | [
"In order to legitimise the inter-state interventions required by R2P, Westphalian notions of sovereignty are invoked, specifically the idea that intervention is required to assure international security.",
"In order to transcend the intervention-vs.-sovereignty debate, R2P seeks a new definition of sovereignty."... | 0A |
In what ways might international measures be employed? Are they a help or a hindrance? | security_studies | [
"Diplomacy cannot achieve agreements among small groups of nations where global agreements have failed. Global endorsement is required to legitimize the process, providing greater cooperation, agreements and great power backing. Failure to attain global consensus on what terrorism is will result in disparities betw... | 1B |
According to George and Simons, what factors influence the outcomes of an act of coercive diplomacy? | security_studies | [
"Global strategic environment; type of provocation; image of war.",
"Unilateral or coalitional coercive diplomacy; isolation of the adversary; clarity of objective; strength of motivation and asymmetry of motivation.",
"Sense of urgency; strong leadership; domestic support; international support; opponents fear... | 3D |
What is the significance of anarchy to the realist explanation of international politics? | security_studies | [
"Anarchy means that the state exists as part of society being indistinguishable from national government and the domestic character of the state.",
"Anarchy refers to the lack of over-arching power in the international system - there is no controlling power beyond the multiple states. In the absence of such autho... | 1B |
Which of the following ideas have become mainstreamed within human security since the Human Development Report? | security_studies | [
"Limiting security analysis to military engagement is too restrictive.",
"Security is a contestable concept.",
"Focusing security only on violent conflicts is too restrictive.",
"All of these options."
] | 3D |
Which of the statements below is not one of the eight themes of post-Marxist critical security theory identified by Ken Booth as being important to critical security theory? | security_studies | [
"All knowledge is a social process.",
"The test of theory is emancipation.",
"Human society is a constant and unchanging phenomenon.",
"Human society is its own invention."
] | 2C |
Which statement best defines the term 'international regime' in relation to liberalism? | security_studies | [
"The term international regime refers to the governmental or political apparatus that defines the state within the international system.",
"The term refers to a set of formal or informal principles to which governmental actors subscribe in their decision-making on a particular subject.",
"International regimes ... | 1B |
How can we define energy security? | security_studies | [
"To achieve energy security is to ensure that there are currently sufficient energy resources to sustain the current consumption and demand for energy across the globe.",
"Energy security refers to the ability of the current energy supplies to meet the demands of state military consumption, placing the military a... | 2C |
Which of the following statements best describes the characteristics of a weak state? | security_studies | [
"The most important characteristics of weak states are their frequent inability to establish and maintain a monopoly of control over the instruments of violence. Even within states with well developed coercive power they do not always retain absolute loyalty and are faced with a real possibility of military interve... | 0A |
How can the origins of weak state insecurity be explained? | security_studies | [
"Weak state insecurity in a historical framework of analysis represents an abnormal state in the long term state-building process. Bloody and violent conflict between social forces is not consistent with the presence of the centralizing force with the capacity to attain monopoly of control over violence.",
"The u... | 2C |
What is distinguishable about security studies theory? | security_studies | [
"Security studies theory refers to the historical systematic distinction between strategic studies and security studies and the interrelation between general International Relations (IR) theory, security studies, and security theory.",
"The centre of the security studies debate has been to give form to policy que... | 2C |
How does the preoccupation with human rights affect the human rights orientated school of liberalism? | security_studies | [
"Modern human rights oriented liberalism is concerned with self-determination.",
"Human rights orientated liberalism will advocate separatism where conflict and bloodshed seem inevitable without it.",
"Human rights orientated liberalism is particularly focused on persons subject to economic, sexual, gender, rel... | 3D |
What would be the policy implications of a hierarchical vision of TNC? | security_studies | [
"Hierarchical forms of transnational criminal activity are primarily territorially affiliated to a particular state / ethnic-cultural group and have limited transnational potential.",
"The hierarchical analysts believe that generally there has been a tendency of officials to have over-inflated the estimation of t... | 3D |
What role does the concept of 'human security' have in our understanding of security studies? | security_studies | [
"Human security as a concept has struggled to gain recognition amongst scholars of security studies, or in the policy-making community. There is a general failure to recognise the political and academic value of human security as a concept.",
"The concept of human security gained increasing currency in the mid-19... | 2C |
What are the specific elements of a comprehensive national defence trade control system? | security_studies | [
"Governments should include in their arms trade rules, laws, penalties for their violation.",
"Governments should ensure that weapons producers mark their defence items with a unique marking.",
"Government police and military forces should establish appropriate weapons stockpile security measures and national a... | 3D |
Which of the following are Schelling's necessary conditions for compellence success? | security_studies | [
"The coercer must not unduly threaten the adversary; threat must be credible; adversary must recognise the legitimacy of coercer's demands; coercer must assure adversary that compliance will not lead to future demands; conflict must not be perceived as a zero-sum game.",
"Conveyed threat must be sufficient so as ... | 1B |
In the context of military security, which of the following is not an obvious benefit of adopting a 'critical' theoretical approach? | security_studies | [
"A more critical approach to military security studies will allow the inclusion or adoption of non-realist paradigms, such as social constructivism.",
"Critical analysis of military security will draw attention back to traditional conceptions of the state-centric paradigm which have been neglected in recent years... | 1B |
Considering Wendt's three cultures of anarchy; which of the following defines the Lockean culture? | security_studies | [
"A culture that exists some of the time, but not all the time, in which no self-restraint exists and actors cannot rely on each other for help.",
"A culture characterized by rivalry, which has dominated since the beginning of the modern system of states and in which actors regard each other as rivals but exercise... | 1B |
Which of the following best describes the 'subaltern' in postcolonialism? | security_studies | [
"Subaltern refers to those who are located geographically within the southern hemisphere.",
"The subaltern is a term applied to a specific group of scholars from the global south.",
"The subaltern refers to populations that are marginalised or outside of the hegemonic power structure.",
"The subaltern refers ... | 2C |
In what ways does the idea of 'victim' impact on the way in which gender security is regarded? | security_studies | [
"Woman as 'victim' is, and continues to be, an important narrative of war stories. In 1990 an estimated 90% of war casualties were civilian, the majority women and children. Reports that women are the primary casualties of war has contributed to the enduring perception that women are dependent on men for protection... | 0A |
In what ways is gender applicable to the field of Security Studies? | security_studies | [
"Women and children are dependent on the state for protection and Security Studies should include them and account for their needs.",
"Biological differences between men and women determine their suitability for different roles in protecting the state or referent object.",
"Gender is not applicable to Security ... | 3D |
What is the function of sanctions? | security_studies | [
"As a means of exerting economic power to advance peace and freedom.",
"To end economic support for morally unacceptable regimes.",
"To isolate dangerous regimes and weaken threats to regional or global security.",
"All of these options."
] | 3D |
Which of the following is not a correct definition? | security_studies | [
"Acting subjects: who or what is acting to produce security or insecurity.",
"Substantive content: what being secure looks like and what conditions must exist for us to be able to say we are secure.",
"Referent object: whom or what we act to make secure.",
"Objective security: when a matter is objectively con... | 3D |
What problems has the post-Cold War security literature revealed on women, war, development, and security? | security_studies | [
"Technological advancements have to some extent rendered the battlefield gender-neutral. 'Virtual' warfare has resolved the historical tension between the citizen and the state security apparatus; if actual combat could be avoided then male and female soldiers could wage war on equal terms. However, technological a... | 0A |
How might weapons belonging to state military or police forces arrive on the illicit arms market? | security_studies | [
"States are strong enough to ensure that their weaponry is kept within their control and not traded illegally.",
"There is no evidence to suggest that state-owned weapons could be traded illicitly as part of the black or grey arms markets.",
"Illegal trading by states is the primary way in which weapons purchas... | 3D |
In what ways has human security been significant as a concept? | security_studies | [
"Human security has put particular emphasis on the nexus between conflict and development, a concept which is very useful. The significance of the nexus between development and conflict is not just that it raises ethical issues about human suffering and inequalities, but that its frequent outcomes, so called state ... | 3D |
Which of these statements is not accurately applied to Critical Security Studies? | security_studies | [
"The referent object can be objectively studied and should be considered accordingly.",
"The security analyst and the object of the security should not be regarded as separate.",
"Critical Security Studies is a post-positivist approach.",
"Critical Security studies questions the epistemological principles of ... | 0A |
How do biological differences affect the roles that men and women must perform for the state? | security_studies | [
"Biology determines the female body as weak, ensuring that men continue to dominate state security apparatus in order to protect them. Women are aware of practical biological differences, and by accepting them they allow men to act as their protectors and care-givers. In return, women must act as protectors and car... | 3D |
Can armed forces be linked to environmental security and in what ways? | security_studies | [
"Military warfare enhances the ability of people's access to resources and to aid the development in ecologically sustainable ways; it can secure access routes and rights that would otherwise be denied; rebuild infrastructure and equitable access of resources; benefit the management of environmental problems; and a... | 1B |
When considering economic tools for security policy, which of the following is the odd one out? | security_studies | [
"Withdrawal of economic trade rights with the domestic market.",
"Export controls protecting technological advantage and further foreign policy objectives.",
"Control of munitions and arms sales.",
"Import restrictions to protect a domestic market from foreign goods."
] | 0A |
What is the market vision of transnational organized crime? | security_studies | [
"Market place scholars argue that transnational crime operates like a capitalist marketplace in its scope and extensity of operations. Criminal organizations are thus very resilient to law enforcement efforts by virtue of their sheer size. Of comparative difference is the development of highly sophisticated network... | 3D |
What impact did the end of the Cold War have on warlord politics? | security_studies | [
"Within the context of state collapse, elites deliberately engender disorder for the pursuit of commercial activities and the exploitation of neo-liberal globalized shadow markets which would not otherwise be permissible in normal conditions. Warlord politics represented a new form of regime security forced upon we... | 0A |
How has coercive diplomacy featured in contemporary security studies? | security_studies | [
"Compellence and coercion through diplomacy are linked with the 'pre-emptive use of force'.",
"Coercive diplomacy is a softly-softly approach to international power bargaining, that has been side-lined in recent years.",
"Deterrence as a strategy has dominated contemporary instances of coercive diplomacy.",
"... | 0A |
In what ways is defining coercive diplomacy success problematic? | security_studies | [
"Isolation of the effect that the threat of force or the limited use of force, in a given case is dependent on the sufficiency of the \"stick\" for success. The question to ask is whether the stick employed was sufficient to produce compliance.",
"Success is an independent function from the amount of coercion req... | 3D |
In what ways, if any, can the environment be considered a security concern? | security_studies | [
"Environmental security entails a consideration of the security of the global environment, as well as its nested sub-systems and social systems beyond the boundaries of the nation state.",
"Environmental security is a critical security project in that it questions who and what is to be secured and from what threa... | 3D |
Which statement best describes the liberalist attitude towards international organisations? | security_studies | [
"Liberalism holds that international organisations can enhance national and international security. It advocates the inclusion of non-governmental organisations and other actors to encourage cooperation and build communities.",
"The liberalist advocacy of cooperation as enhancing security is undermined by the fai... | 0A |
Which of the following statements could be described as a liberal perspective on future energy security? | security_studies | [
"The global economy is interconnected, ensuring that energy security for one is dependent upon energy security for all. Thus all core powers have the same interests in maintaining and extending the conditions under which this market operates. As long as this economic order exists, conflict between major powers over... | 0A |
According to motivational realism, what might inspire the behaviour of so called 'greedy states'? | security_studies | [
"Human nature is fundamentally greedy.",
"All of these options.",
"State desire to increase wealth and prosperity.",
"State desire to spread its ideology."
] | 1B |
What is the relationship between culture and social constructivism? | security_studies | [
"All of the below.",
"Culture is the product of shared identity and interaction, although it is important in understanding the dynamics of social identity, its wider reference to security studies is largely disputed.",
"Social constructivism does not regard culture as being an important feature to study, instea... | 3D |
Which of the following is an impact of common structural adjustment policies on the poor? | security_studies | [
"Cost of imports soar, including vital resources such as imported medicines. Basic food prices rise, putting even greater pressure on already stretched household budgets.",
"Reduced health, education, and social welfare spending and the introduction of cost-recovery and user-fees put healthcare and education beyo... | 3D |
How might the diversity of the current global international system impact upon the case for humanitarian intervention? | security_studies | [
"The global political arena is dominated by a paradigm of human-security which promotes human security based on core assumptions of what it is to be secure, and which transcend cultural or political diversity.",
"Despite the inclusion of a diverse range of political actors, whose cultural, ethical and religious v... | 2C |
Which of the following are economic objectives of IMF adjustment policies? | security_studies | [
"Devaluation to promote exports and reduce demand for imports by raising their prices.",
"Tighter monetary and credit policies with higher interest rates to reduce overall demand, and thus demand for imports; to limit or reduce the rate of inflation.",
"All of these options.",
"Public spending cuts to reduce ... | 2C |
To what extent have biological agents been weaponized? | security_studies | [
"Military professionals believe that the majority of biological agents can be sufficiently stable in their effects to be used as a weapon. Resource requirements would be minimal as fermenters used to make vaccines could be converted for military production and relatively small quantities of the agent are required t... | 2C |
According to Buzan, Waever, and de Wilde, in what ways does the Copenhagen School's approach to Security Studies differ from that of Critical Security Studies? | security_studies | [
"The theory and knowledge that underpin each approach are fundamentally at odds with one another. Whilst Critical Security Studies is post-structuralist and constructivist, the Copenhagen School is based on an objectivist epistemology.",
"Whilst Critical Security Studies regards security to be a social constructi... | 0A |
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