question stringlengths 24 453 | subject stringclasses 1
value | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer class label 4
classes |
|---|---|---|---|
How much has the number of practitioners working in consultancies in the UK grown since 25 years ago? | public_relations | [
"It hasn't",
"Doubled",
"Tripled",
"Quadrupled"
] | 2C |
What are two examples of an evaluation of outcome? | public_relations | [
"Change in attitude",
"Placement of message",
"Distribution of message",
"Size of attentive audience"
] | 0A |
Which of these activities might secondary research involve? | public_relations | [
"Conducting a content analysis",
"Conducting a survey",
"Observing people",
"Examining public records"
] | 3D |
Which of the following information about publications does the Audit Bureau of Circulation NOT provide? | public_relations | [
"Circulation",
"Distribution",
"Traffic",
"Readership"
] | 3D |
How many regional newspapers are there in the UK? | public_relations | [
"270",
"600",
"2,800",
"5,200"
] | 2C |
Which of the following entities cannot sue for libel? | public_relations | [
"A politician",
"A house of worship",
"A government institution",
"A publicly-traded company"
] | 2C |
Which statement is true about focus group research? | public_relations | [
"The participants should be selected at random.",
"It is an example of a formal research tool for practitioners.",
"The information can be generalized to describe a larger population.",
"The findings generate qualitative data that can be used to develop surveys."
] | 3D |
You are the community relations director for a public water utility that has been targeted by a group of activists opposed to adding fluoride to drinking water. The activists are waging an intense internet campaign against the practice. Your utility has overwhelming evidence of the health benefits to fluoridated water.... | public_relations | [
"Use utility employees to write the blog, posing as dentists and physicians.",
"Recruit a group of volunteer dentists and physicians to write the blog under their own identities with no reference to the utility.",
"Write the blog yourself, identifying yourself as an employee of the utility, and quote the scient... | 2C |
Within which area of public relations is likely to involve lobbying? | public_relations | [
"Corporate",
"Financial relations",
"Public affairs",
"Business to business"
] | 2C |
As the single-person public relations staff of a public transit agency, you are tasked with increasing the number of people who ride your buses each month. Your target audiences are lower-income individuals, college students, people with basic educations and people for whom English is a Second Language. When preparing ... | public_relations | [
"Consider the comprehension level of all of the target audiences.",
"Consider how riding the bus could similarly affect all of the target audiences.",
"Consider which mediums would most effectively reach all of the target audiences.",
"Consider the geographic locations where all of the target audiences live a... | 1B |
Newsletters generally fall in to which writing category? | public_relations | [
"Media writing",
"Personal writing",
"Business writing",
"Promotional writing"
] | 3D |
The ________ part of a PR campaign includes proactively planning a response strategy, implementing that strategy in the event of a crisis, evaluating the crisis response, and revising the initial response strategy in an effort to improve for future crises. | public_relations | [
"public issues",
"crisis management",
"consumer relations",
"community relations"
] | 1B |
A ________ campaign occurs when people from two or more opposing sides of an argument have emotional convictions about a decision that has the power to impact their lives. | public_relations | [
"public relations",
"public issues",
"crisis management",
"consumer relations"
] | 1B |
The American flag is an example of a | public_relations | [
"stereotype",
"semantic device",
"symbol",
"message"
] | 2C |
Approximately half of all public relations practitioners work in | public_relations | [
"government",
"business and commercial areas",
"health care and hospitals",
"public relations firms"
] | 1B |
Which of these publics does NOT feature in Grunig and Hunt's (1984) situational theory of publics? | public_relations | [
"Latent",
"Dormant",
"Aware",
"Active"
] | 1B |
________ advertising campaigns are focused on gathering support for a particular message or cause. | public_relations | [
"Product-oriented",
"Person-oriented",
"Idea-oriented",
"Message-oriented"
] | 2C |
Which of these qualities is NOT listed as something to consider when choosing an opinion leader for a public relations campaigns? | public_relations | [
"Reputation",
"Impact",
"Familiarity with subject or issue",
"Ability to reach people"
] | 2C |
According to Macnamara's (2005) pyramid of evaluation, at which stage are opinion polls most useful? | public_relations | [
"Inputs",
"Outputs",
"Outtakes",
"Outcomes"
] | 2C |
What World War I-era organization introduced decentralized publicity "drives" as a strategy to mobilize U.S. public opinion to support the war? | public_relations | [
"The Creel Committee",
"The Red Cross",
"The Council on Public Relations",
"The Office of War Information"
] | 0A |
Which communication model describes the encoding and decoding of messages? | public_relations | [
"Shannon and Weaver model",
"Osgood and Schramm model",
"Westley and MacLean model",
"Maletzke model"
] | 1B |
Why should a successful public relations counselor continually review present and future realities for an organization? | public_relations | [
"to develop a vision statement",
"to interpret trends for management",
"to interpret the organization's business plan",
"to consider the role public relations might play"
] | 1B |
Where was the first British newspaper printed? | public_relations | [
"London",
"Oxford",
"Manchester",
"Edinburgh"
] | 1B |
Which of the following information about publications does the Audit Bureau of Circulation NOT provide? | public_relations | [
"Circulation",
"Distribution",
"Traffic",
"Readership"
] | 3D |
In recent years social media has had a major impact on the practice of public relations. In which of the following areas has the impact been greatest and experienced most immediately? | public_relations | [
"Politics",
"Retail business",
"Automotive sales",
"Nonprofits"
] | 0A |
In which era did muckraking journalism led to the widespread introduction of public relations in business? | public_relations | [
"Postwar Era, 1945 - 1965",
"Roosevelt Era, 1930 - 1945",
"Booming Twenties Era, 1919 - 1929",
"Seedbed Era, 1900 ' 1917"
] | 3D |
Psychographics refers to | public_relations | [
"individual values, lifestyles and characteristics",
"individual sex, age, race and income statistics",
"potential influence",
"all of the above"
] | 0A |
In the public relations field, what is the most common threat to a client-firm relationship? | public_relations | [
"Clients' questions about costs",
"Resistance to outside advice",
"Superficial grasp of the client's unique problems",
"Personality conflicts"
] | 0A |
Which form of communication is most effective in forming or changing predispositions toward an issue? | public_relations | [
"Interpersonal",
"Media",
"Group",
"Public"
] | 1B |
Which statement describes an idea from utilitarianism? | public_relations | [
"What is right and what is wrong are predetermined.",
"People should be treated as an end, not a means to an end.",
"The greatest good for the greatest number.",
"Those better off should give to people who are not as well off."
] | 2C |
Which type of measurement is the most effective choice for evaluating a campaign's impact on audience attitudes? | public_relations | [
"preparing a content analysis of media coverage",
"studying the content of blog postings about your issue",
"analyzing pre and post sales reports for changes in sales",
"conducting a pre and post analysis of constituents' opinions"
] | 3D |
Which statement is true about an open systems model of public relations in an organization? | public_relations | [
"It adapts to changing organizational environments.",
"It adopts the policy of transparency to build public trust.",
"It focuses on removing communication barriers between its business divisions.",
"It communicates with its publics frequently to effect change outside the organization."
] | 0A |
At which stage in the planning process are the objectives decided on? | public_relations | [
"Defining the program",
"Planning the program",
"Taking action and implementing ideas",
"Evaluation of the program"
] | 1B |
Which of these phrases refers specifically to a crisis, rather than an issue? | public_relations | [
"A gap between corporate and stakeholder expectations.",
"When an organization's trading is interrupted.",
"Can be avoided with constant monitoring and relationship building.",
"It happens suddenly."
] | 3D |
Watson and Noble (2005) lay out a five-step model for circular evaluation. At which step should pre-testing of strategy and tactics be carried out? | public_relations | [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
] | 2C |
Within which area of public relations do tactics relate to promotion of the overall organisation? | public_relations | [
"Corporate",
"Internal communications",
"Financial relations",
"Business to business"
] | 0A |
Louis owns a chemical company that has been irresponsibly disposing of chemical waste and contaminating the community's water supply. Although he knew the company was cutting costs in its waste disposal, he publicly claims to have had no knowledge of the irresponsible practices, blames it on the company's general manag... | public_relations | [
"denial",
"evasion of responsibility",
"reducing the offensiveness",
"corrective action"
] | 0A |
The ________ phase of the PR model consists of primary and secondary research about a client, identifying the target audiences for the campaign, proposing channels of communication and strategies to be used in the campaign, and constructing goals, objectives, messages, and themes. | public_relations | [
"identification",
"evaluation",
"implementation",
"planning"
] | 3D |
What is the major advantage of organizational publications? | public_relations | [
"Their ability to provide a revenue source for sponsoring organizations",
"Their ability to deliver specific, detailed information to narrowly defined target publics",
"Their ability to avoid the problems typically associated with two-way media",
"Their ability to give sponsoring organizations a means of unco... | 1B |
Which of the following is NOT one of the four categories of persuasive crisis communication strategies identified by W. Timothy Coombs? | public_relations | [
"ingratiation",
"downplaying",
"distancing",
"nonexistence"
] | 1B |
Which outcome, from the evaluation phase of public relations planning, documents the impact a program had on its stakeholders? | public_relations | [
"the quality of the messages and activities",
"the number who change attitudes and opinions",
"the number who responded to communications",
"the number of messages and activities implemented"
] | 1B |
Which type of writing employs the pyramid structure? | public_relations | [
"Media writing",
"Personal writing",
"Business writing",
"Promotional writing"
] | 0A |
Which statement describes an idea from Kantian ethics? | public_relations | [
"What is right and what is wrong are predetermined.",
"People should be treated as an end, not a means to an end.",
"The greatest good for the greatest number.",
"Those better off should give to people who are not as well off."
] | 1B |
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