question stringlengths 20 249 | subject stringclasses 1
value | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer class label 4
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|---|---|---|---|
Unlike most other early civilizations, Minoan culture shows little evidence of: | prehistory | [
"trade.",
"warfare.",
"the development of a common religion.",
"conspicuous consumption by elites."
] | 3D |
The greatest Egyptian pyramids at Giza were built: | prehistory | [
"as burial monuments for the pharaoh Khufu, Khufu's son Khafre, and Khufu's grandson Menkaure.",
"by slaves who were coerced and worked under the threat of death, as described in the book of Exodus of the Old Testament.",
"in the construction frenzy of the 6th dynasty.",
"all of the above."
] | 0A |
During the late Miocene, carbon isotope analysis indicates environmental changes that would have impacted the hominid ancestors of modern humans. These changes are best characterized as: | prehistory | [
"a sudden drop in global temperatures resulting in a return to ice age conditions.",
"a sudden rise in global temperatures resulting in rising sea levels.",
"an expansion of grasslands and reduction in woodlands, resulting in regional mosaic environments.",
"a decline in large mammal populations and relative ... | 2C |
Why is Catalhoyuk in central Turkey regarded as a large village but not a city? | prehistory | [
"There were no palaces, public architecture, and little evidence for status differentiation.",
"There was no evidence for food storage, domesticated animals, or buildings.",
"There were no works of art, rituals, or activities associated with cities.",
"There was no evidence for monumental architecture or road... | 0A |
Which of the following are four of the characteristics of civilization? | prehistory | [
"food surpluses, specialists, urban settlements, and a system of record keeping",
"food surpluses, a standing army, artwork, and a system of plumbing",
"food surpluses, monumental architecture, religious buildings, and museums",
"museums, libraries, monumental architecture, and artwork"
] | 0A |
Which of the following most strongly indicates advances in the human intellect during the Upper Paleolithic? | prehistory | [
"parietal and mobiliary art",
"new stone-tool technologies",
"acquisition of non-local raw materials",
"changes in settlement patterns"
] | 0A |
Recent research with stone tool replication and brain imaging suggests the following hypothesis: | prehistory | [
"connections made in tool making prepared the brain for the production and use of language.",
"tool making requires cooperation that can only exist with language.",
"tool making originated millions of years after language evolved.",
"connections made between the brain and bipedal locomotion prepared the hands... | 0A |
The New World, “discovered” by Christopher Columbus, was filled with approximately how many people? | prehistory | [
"100,000",
"500,000",
"1,000,000",
"tens of millions"
] | 3D |
That modern Africans do not possess any Neandertal DNA indicates that: | prehistory | [
"Gene flow between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans must have occurred before Neandertals migrated out of Africa.",
"Gene flow between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans occurred after anatomically modern humans migrated out of Africa.",
"Neandertals who lived in Africa did not interbreed with... | 1B |
Which of the following sites has monumental earthworks with concentric ridges in a semicircle that date from around 3,500 years ago? | prehistory | [
"Caral",
"Stonehenge",
"Poverty Point",
"Gobekli Tepe"
] | 2C |
The controversial theory that people from present-day Europe colonized North America at the end of Pleistocene is: | prehistory | [
"supported by genetic evidence that establishes close connections between the oldest skeletons in the Americas and the European genome.",
"refuted by genetic evidence from the oldest skeletons in the Americas that establishes close connections between modern Native Americans and the native people of central Siber... | 1B |
What was the required labor service owed to the king in return for the privilege of using property owned by the Incan empire? | prehistory | [
"Khipu",
"Mit'a",
"Split inheritance",
"Capacocha"
] | 1B |
When did the acquisition of raw materials from greater distances increase, and what does it indicate? | prehistory | [
"during the Upper Paleolithic; long- distance contacts with greater reliance on trade with distant groups",
"during the Middle Paleolithic; the acquisition of raw materials from greater distances indicates people moved more often",
"during the Middle Paleolithic; broader social networks were based on frequent m... | 0A |
According to the author, what did the Olmec have in common that bound them together in different territories? | prehistory | [
"underlying religious beliefs, as seen in Olmec art and iconography",
"agricultural surpluses that led to the creation of economic inequalities",
"they spoke the same language and were related by kinship and marriage",
"a system of trade and exchange, as seen in tokens used as a form of money"
] | 0A |
Based on archaeological evidence, which of the following is accurate regarding civilization in general? | prehistory | [
"The occurrence of warfare decreases as people increasingly invest time in the production of art.",
"The occurrence of warfare is uncommon and occurs only with the concentration of wealth.",
"The concentration of wealth is a common feature.",
"The concentration of wealth is uncommon and occurs only occasional... | 2C |
Based on the morphology of fossil hominids dating from about 1.8 million until about 400,000 years ago, researchers argue that: | prehistory | [
"there were two or more related but geographically separate hominid species during this period that evolved from earlier African hominids",
"hominids dating from this time can be grouped into different species in Africa, Asia, and Europe.",
"all of the hominids that evolved from Homo habilis and predate Homo sa... | 3D |
In comparison to an Oldowan tool, a hand axe ____________. | prehistory | [
"is made out of stone, wood, or bone.",
"needs constant cleaning and maintenance.",
"requires metal and a source of heat to be forged",
"requires many more flakes to be removed."
] | 3D |
Opportunistic foraging involves: | prehistory | [
"careful planning and scheduling.",
"reliance on steady sources of food such as shellfish.",
"increased use of imported or \"exotic\" materials",
"little planning"
] | 3D |
Based on the analysis of oxygen isotope ratios in the shells of gastropods found in the sediments of an ancient lake, what happened to civilization in the Indus Valley? | prehistory | [
"It became increasingly complex due to increased rainfall and longer growing seasons.",
"It eventually collapsed due to climate change and drought.",
"It collapsed due to increased monsoons and a series of catastrophic floods.",
"It evolved into a series of city states along rivers and lake shores."
] | 1B |
Lewis Henry Morgan conceived of progress in human culture according to the stages of: | prehistory | [
"Savagery, Barbarism, and Civilization.",
"Savagery, Civilization, and Collapse.",
"Barbarism, Primitivism, and Civilization.",
"Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age."
] | 0A |
By 1900 B.P., the central elements of Mayan culture were in place. These did NOT include: | prehistory | [
"stratified societies ruled by kings.",
"ritual ball games and a reverence for precious jade.",
"a sophisticated bronze producing industry.",
"a hieroglyphic written language and calendar."
] | 2C |
Machu Picchu was built in the mountains as a: | prehistory | [
"defensive stronghold.",
"shrine to the Inca rain god.",
"relaxing getaway for elites.",
"astronomical observatory."
] | 2C |
What evidence is there that Neandertals were hunters? | prehistory | [
"Neandertal canine teeth showed that they relied only on meat for their subsistence.",
"Animal bones were found showing stone tool cut marks and no animal teeth marks.",
"Bones of large animals, such as elephant and horse, were found in caves.",
"Both A and C."
] | 1B |
The attitude of many ancient elites toward the consumption of resources seems to have been: | prehistory | [
"“a penny saved is a penny earned.\"",
"\"if you've got it, flaunt it.\"",
"\"look before you leap.\"",
"\"the last shall be first and the first shall be last.\""
] | 1B |
In 1797, John Frere made a discovery that he described as: | prehistory | [
"animal remains scattered on the surface of the ground.",
"the earliest written documents.",
"primitive stone tools excavated at great depth.",
"human skulls with ape-like features."
] | 2C |
Which of the following first described human culture according to a predictable chronology of a Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age? | prehistory | [
"uniformitarianism",
"multilinear evolution",
"three-age system",
". triple-age catastrophism"
] | 2C |
Tiwanaku, with its capital at Titicaca, was one of the ___________ kingdoms of the ancient world. | prehistory | [
"richest",
"strongest",
"largest",
"highest"
] | 3D |
Monte Alban is located in the ________ and was built by the _________. | prehistory | [
"Valley of Mexico; Aztec.",
"Valley of Oaxaca; Zapotec.",
"Amazon floodplain; Olmec.",
"Yucatán Peninsula; Maya."
] | 1B |
What designation for a pottery style was eventually applied to an entire cultural complex that moved across the Pacific? | prehistory | [
"Clovis",
"Nenana Complex",
"Lapita",
"Micronesian Pottery Tradition"
] | 2C |
What was NOT a deciding factor in the development of Mesopotamian civilization? | prehistory | [
"the need to concentrate population away from arable lands near rivers",
"the need to construct monumental works, such as step-pyramids and temples",
"the need to develop a complex social system that would allow the construction of canals",
"the use of irrigation to produce enough food"
] | 0A |
What was the Chinese technique of stamped or pounded earth that was used in construction of house walls and defensive structures? | prehistory | [
"Hang-t'u",
"Scapulimancy",
"Lung-shan",
"Qin manufacture"
] | 0A |
Which tool technology is associated with anatomically modern Homo sapiens? | prehistory | [
"Aurignacian",
"Acheulean",
"Mousterian",
"both b and c"
] | 0A |
What is one of the differences between simple foragers and complex foragers? | prehistory | [
"Complex foragers employ irrigation technology.",
"Complex foragers rely on a wider range of food sources.",
"Complex foragers are more highly mobile.",
"Complex foragers focus on a few highly productive resources."
] | 3D |
The population of the Valley of Mexico was supported by means of: | prehistory | [
"long-distance trade, salt mining, and stone masonry.",
"hunting and gathering, fishing, and cultivation of root crops.",
"advanced medical, artisanal, and metallurgical technologies.",
"agricultural irrigation, terraces, and artificially raised fields called chinampas."
] | 3D |
Which subfield of anthropology has been described as studying "other people's garbage"? | prehistory | [
"primatology",
"archaeology",
"paleoanthropology",
"linguistics"
] | 1B |
Mayan city-states were NOT: | prehistory | [
"ruled by autonomous dynasties.",
"similar in their political organization to Egyptian communities.",
"supported by large agricultural hinterlands.",
"much smaller in population than Mohanjo-daro."
] | 1B |
The argument in favor of hominids making and using stone tools by at least 3.3 million years ago is supported by: | prehistory | [
"cut marks on animal bones that were made by butchering with pieces of stone.",
"the anatomy of Australopithecus africanus hands and analogies with studies of living non-human primates that demonstrate tool use.",
"simple stone cores, anvil stones, and flakes found at the Lomekwi 3 site in West Turkana, Kenya."... | 3D |
What do the amounts of rainfall in the Maya homeland, as reflected in variations in oxygen isotopes in a stalagmite in Yok Balum Cave in Belize, correspond to? | prehistory | [
"increased rainfall and severe flooding that led to the collapse of Maya ceremonial centers",
"severe drought and a decline in construction at Maya ceremonial centers",
"increased rainfall and increased storage of surplus food from agriculture",
"increased warfare and the abandonment of the entire region"
] | 1B |
In the author's two-hour movie representing the history of the universe, when do the earliest members of the human family appear? | prehistory | [
"at the beginning of the film",
"about half way through the film",
"90 minutes into the film",
"during the final 3 seconds of the film"
] | 3D |
The significance of Frere's discovery was that what he found was located: | prehistory | [
"beneath the remains of extinct animals.",
"on the surface, above the remains of extinct animals.",
"in a region of Africa where no one thought humans had ever lived.",
"on top of the ruins of a Medieval castle."
] | 0A |
The Egyptian system of hieroglyphics: | prehistory | [
"did not use pictographs",
"appears to have developed suddenly",
"was the earliest form of writing in the world",
"all of the above"
] | 1B |
The Nazca geoglyphs extend over miles and represent: | prehistory | [
"entrances to subterranean tombs of the elite.",
"vast architectural designs for cities and towns.",
"ceremonial pathways and effigies of spirits and gods.",
"landing strips for spaceships."
] | 2C |
The fact that early excavators of Teotihuacán mistook ordinary housing compounds for palaces suggests: | prehistory | [
"the general standard of living was high.",
"commoners took over the residences of the elite.",
"the city was a democracy, ruled by common farmers and artisans.",
"the society was mostly egalitarian, with almost no social stratification."
] | 0A |
The origins of Chinese civilization can be traced to: | prehistory | [
"the site of An-yang near the Huang ho River.",
"chiefdoms and states in numerous regions throughout China.",
"the beginning of the Qin Dynasty.",
"external influences originating from the Indus Valley."
] | 1B |
For which of the following is there evidence for Neandertals? | prehistory | [
"Neandertals adorned themselves with pendants and necklaces.",
"Neandertals buried their dead.",
"Neandertals produced and used complex stone tools.",
"All of the above."
] | 3D |
There is general consensus among paleoanthropologists that anatomically modern humans: | prehistory | [
"migrated out of Africa into western Europe between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago and then spread into Asia, Australia, and the Americas.",
"evolved in Asia between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago, and then migrated into Africa, Europe, Australia, and the Americas.",
"evolved independently and simultaneously in Af... | 3D |
Mayan art and iconography prominently feature depictions of: | prehistory | [
"infants and children.",
"stars and comets.",
"love and sex.",
"mutilation and violence."
] | 3D |
Recovery of more than 6,500 bones and bone fragments from 28 individuals of a single hominid species at the Cave of the Bones in Spain provides: | prehistory | [
"little evidence of diversity, since each individual represents a different species.",
"unusually good evidence to examine diversity within a hominid species.",
"evidence of interbreeding between Homo neanderthalensis and Homo erectus.",
"relatively little evidence to examine diversity within the species."
] | 1B |
What effect did the late Pleistocene to early Holocene climate change have on human populations? | prehistory | [
"It forced populations to move toward the equator.",
"It tested the ability of human beings to adapt.",
"It forced humans to wear clothing.",
"It had no effect at all."
] | 1B |
A genetic study comparing the bones of a 7,000-year-old skeleton found in Germany, eight human skeletons dating to 8,000 years ago in Luxembourg, and more than 2,300 living Europeans found that the modern European genome included contributions from: | prehistory | [
"the earliest anatomically modern Homo sapiens who lived in Europe 45,000 years ago.",
"people genetically traceable to the Middle East who moved into Europe about 9,000 years ago.",
"people who moved there from west Asia less than 5,000 years ago.",
"all of the above."
] | 3D |
Which of the following is archaeological evidence of social stratification and inequality? | prehistory | [
"Burials without exotic grave goods also contain bones indicating that they engaged in less strenuous labor.",
"Burials with exotic grave goods also contain bones indicating that they engaged in less strenuous labor.",
"Burials all contain equal amounts of exotic grave goods, but some are more impressive than o... | 1B |
The Minoan economy may have been especially vulnerable to natural catastrophe because it relied heavily on: | prehistory | [
"agriculture",
"maritime trade",
"metalworking",
"slave labor"
] | 1B |
Up to 50,000 years ago, what was the relationship between anatomically modern humans and us? | prehistory | [
"They looked and thought like us.",
"They looked like us but did not think like us.",
"They thought like us but did not look like us.",
"They did not look or think like us."
] | 1B |
The Omo I cranium discovered along the Omo River in southern Ethiopia demonstrates: | prehistory | [
"the evolution of anatomically modern humans from premodern species about 200,000 years ago in Africa.",
"the simultaneous evolution of anatomically modern humans about 100,000 years ago in Africa and Europe.",
"the development of a larger brain prior to the first evidence for tool making.",
"both b and c."
] | 0A |
What culture used hide boats and spread across the Arctic, from Alaska to Greenland beginning about 700 years ago, in a third wave of migration from the Old World into the New? | prehistory | [
"Paleo-Eskimos",
"Dorset",
"Thule",
"Clovis"
] | 2C |
Based on the strontium isotope ratios in the teeth of people buried at Copán, who were the rulers? | prehistory | [
"local elite who rose to power based on their popularity and knowledge of politics",
"foreigners from different regions across much of the Maya territory",
"an elite class of astronomer-priests who ate mostly vegetables and fish",
"Egyptian emigrants who arrived on ships and taught the Maya how to build pyram... | 1B |
What does the lid of the sarcophagus of Pacal the Great, ruler of Palenque, depict? | prehistory | [
"the slain enemies of the king, with a series of hieroglyphs representing all of the great cities and civilizations of the world",
"the dead king suspended between the Maya earth monster and the Quetzal bird which symbolizes the Maya heaven",
"the Aztec king ascending to heaven on a chariot made of gold",
"an... | 1B |
The skulls of the earliest migrants to the New World do not match those of modern Native Americans. This suggests that: | prehistory | [
"modern Native Americans are probably not descended from these early migrants.",
"the \"skull\" haplogroup was not passed on.",
"modern Native Americans have very different DNA.",
"craniometrics is an unreliable method of tracking populations."
] | 3D |
When anatomically modern humans first arrived in the Middle East, who did they encounter? | prehistory | [
"Neandertals, the evolutionary descendants of the premodern human inhabitants of Europe and Asia",
"Homo erectus, the evolutionary descendants of the premodern human inhabitants of Europe and Asia",
"Homo sapiens, who had evolved independently in Asia and arrived there by 200,000 years ago",
"All of the above... | 0A |
A place where people lived and/or worked and where the physical evidence of their existence can be recovered is an archaeological: | prehistory | [
"artifact.",
"sample.",
"site.",
"culture."
] | 2C |
In Randall White's view, what do items of personal adornment imply during the Upper Paleolithic period? | prehistory | [
"a willingness to travel great distances",
"a hobby done around the campfire at night",
"increasing awareness and importance of individual identity",
"greater intelligence and willingness to cooperate"
] | 2C |
The revolution in food production that accelerated worldwide population growth is called the ________; it occurred _____ years ago. | prehistory | [
"Upper Paleolithic Transition; after 35,000 years ago",
"Mesolithic Demographic Transition; beginning 18,000 years ago",
"Neolithic Demographic Transition; beginning 11,000 years ago",
"Neolithic Revolution; after 5,000 years ago"
] | 2C |
Trace element analysis can be used to determine: | prehistory | [
"the morphology and age of an artifact or ecofact.",
"the geographic source of the raw material from which an artifact was made.",
"the wear patterns on tools.",
"the associations and context of an artifact, ecofact, or feature."
] | 1B |
The Minoans inhabited the _________ island of Crete. | prehistory | [
"Mediterranean",
"Egyptian",
"Mesopotamian",
"Indonesian"
] | 0A |
Inca architecture is noted for its: | prehistory | [
"incorporation of wood, earth, and stone.",
"unprecedented size and sophistication.",
"precise jigsaw-like stone masonry.",
"use of the vaulted arch."
] | 2C |
What was found in some of the burials at the principal Liangzhu site in eastern China that represents elite status? | prehistory | [
"finely crafted large jade disks called bi",
"thousands of shell discs called “bi” that were used as a source of money",
"copper earspools that were worn by the deceased",
"gold headdresses that were worn by the deceased"
] | 0A |
What is the name of the lithic technology seen in the Arctic and consisting of wedge-shaped cores, micro-blades, bifacial knives, and burins? | prehistory | [
"Clovis Complex",
"Denali Complex",
"Folsom Complex",
"Nenana Complex"
] | 1B |
Most caves containing paintings are: | prehistory | [
"expensive to visit.",
"buried deep underground.",
"found in France.",
"closed to visitors because of light and moisture damage."
] | 3D |
Which of the following is evidence for interbreeding between anatomically modern humans and Neandertals? | prehistory | [
"All modern humans share a major percentage of their genome with Neandertals.",
"All Neandertals share a major percentage of their genome with modern humans.",
"A small but significant percentage of the genome of modern humans who trace their ancestry to Europe and Asia originated with Neandertals.",
"A small... | 2C |
The death of Qin Dynasty emperor Ying Zheng was marked by what elaborate memorial? | prehistory | [
"An enormous mortuary temple filled with gold and gems.",
"An enormous pyramid constructed out of millions of huge limestone blocks.",
"The collective suicide of 60 members of the royal family.",
"An 8,000-member life-sized terra cotta army."
] | 3D |
The Mayan king Yax Pahsaj symbolized his royalty on a stele that depicts: | prehistory | [
"an eagle, a serpent, and a jaguar, all of which were important royal animals.",
"a series of decisive military conquests against a rival king.",
"a lightning bolt descending from heaven and marking him as the leader.",
"the founder of the dynasty “passing him the torch.”"
] | 3D |
From which of the following primates do humans descend? | prehistory | [
"chimpanzees",
"gorillas",
"orangutans",
"none of the above"
] | 3D |
Excavation of Yang-shao sites in China indicates which domesticated crops? | prehistory | [
"beans, millet, and maize.",
"wheat, rice, and peas.",
"sorghum, emmer, and legumes.",
"millet, cabbage, and rice."
] | 3D |
A subsistence strategy and settlement pattern based on seasonality and planned acquisition of resources is known as: | prehistory | [
"opportunistic foraging.",
"logistical collecting.",
"symbolic foraging.",
"mobiliary collecting."
] | 1B |
Analysis of the teeth of a hominid species discovered in Malapa Cave in South Africa, dating just after 2 million years ago, indicates a diet that consisted primarily of: | prehistory | [
"fruits, leaves, and C3 plants.",
"meat derived from carnivorous mammals.",
"meat, fish, and some plants.",
"C4 grasses that may have included wild wheat."
] | 0A |
The appropriateness and usefulness of pedestrian survey depends on: | prehistory | [
"the presence of primary and secondary refuse.",
"naturally exposed layers in which to search for artifacts, ecofacts, or bone.",
"associations that can be established between artifacts, ecofacts, and bone.",
"the existence of a cache or collection of artifacts."
] | 1B |
Since the end of the Pleistocene, humans have increasingly been responsible for the extinction of animal species. If allowed to continue, what are the likely consequences of these extinctions? | prehistory | [
"It will have negative impacts on agriculture.",
"It will have negative impacts on water quality.",
"It will have negative impacts on human health.",
"All of the above."
] | 3D |
what is one of the important differences between the middle and upper paleolithic? | prehistory | [
"decreased use of imported raw materials and increased use of whatever was locally available",
"smaller sites, indicating a change from large roving bands of hunters to the earliest family groups and households",
"a profusion of stone tool traditions, indicating a change from temporal and geographic homogeneity... | 2C |
There is evidence that premodern Homo sapiens existed: | prehistory | [
"800,000 to 200,000 years ago.",
"600,000 to 30,000 years ago.",
"400,000 to 10,000 years ago.",
"100,000 to 10,000 years ago."
] | 1B |
In primates, the location of which of the following determines if it is a quadruped or biped? | prehistory | [
"the feet",
"the skull",
"the foramen magnum",
"the ulna"
] | 2C |
In what way were Neandertals physically different from modern Homo sapiens? | prehistory | [
"Neandertals had wide, squat torsos and short extremities.",
"Neandertals had smaller brains and larger noses.",
"Neandertal skeletons have more bones that modern Homo sapiens.",
"Both a and b."
] | 0A |
After 400,000 years ago, hominid evolution is characterized by: | prehistory | [
"bipedalism and relatively stable brain size.",
"a slight decrease in average brain size.",
"a rapid increase in brain size.",
"slowly increased brain size and the first stone tools."
] | 2C |
A continuous, projecting ridge of bone above and across the eye orbits is called the: | prehistory | [
"sagittal crest.",
"supraorbital torus.",
"maxilla.",
"occipital bone."
] | 1B |
The spread of a shared religious iconography in ancient civilizations may be an indication of what? | prehistory | [
"decreased violence and a time of increased peace",
"cultural and perhaps political unification",
"increased trade and the use of some form of money",
"the beginning of organized religion and ending of human sacrifice"
] | 1B |
Australian and America megafauna were probably wiped out by: | prehistory | [
"humans.",
"environmental changes.",
"both humans and environmental changes.",
"humans who carried diseases over the land bridge."
] | 2C |
Archaeological and genetic evidence indicates that the process of domestication involving the separation of wolves from dogs occurred about: | prehistory | [
"65,000 to no later than 48,000 years ago",
"45,000 to no later than 38,000 years ago",
"35,000 to no later than 18,000 years ago",
"15,000 to no later than 10,000 years ago"
] | 2C |
Ancestral Puebloan culture in Chaco Canyon was comprised of: | prehistory | [
"around 75 substantial settlements and more than 300 smaller communities.",
"more than 500 towns and villages with monumental architecture.",
"between 30 and 40 farmsteads and three large pueblos.",
"one large city state with more than 300 outlying farmsteads."
] | 0A |
Which of the following is NOT true of the main Indus Valley cities? | prehistory | [
"A citadel was built on the western margin of each city.",
"The \"upper cities\" were encompassed by monumental walls.",
"The blocks of residences were added haphazardly as needed.",
"The bricks used in the houses were a consistent size and shape."
] | 2C |
The Younger Dryas was: | prehistory | [
"a warming period at the end of the Pleistocene.",
"a period of glacial expansion between 12,900 and 11,600 years ago.",
"a period of glacial retreat between 10,900 and 9,000 years ago.",
"a period of environmental change that caused humans to temporarily abandon much of northern Europe."
] | 1B |
Which of the following was described as “the slow agency of existing causes”? | prehistory | [
"natural selection",
"catastrophism",
"uniformitarianism",
"unilineal evolution"
] | 2C |
Which of the following is NOT an innovation of the Mesolithic? | prehistory | [
"canoes",
"domestication of animals",
"European use of bow and arrow",
"crop irrigation systems"
] | 3D |
Pizarro was able to subdue the entire Inca empire largely because: | prehistory | [
"his horses and guns frightened the Incas into submission.",
"he was such a brilliant military strategist.",
"the empire had never won the allegiance of the peoples it had conquered.",
"he arrived with a superior force of more than 80,000 soldiers."
] | 2C |
The transition from food gathering to a total reliance on agriculture: | prehistory | [
"happened everywhere except in South America.",
"took thousands of years.",
"took hundreds of thousands of years.",
"always required careful planning."
] | 1B |
The reason that archaeologists long suggested that the walls of Great Zimbabwe could not have been built by an indigenous sub-Saharan people was that: | prehistory | [
"the architecture was clearly built by Egyptians.",
"historical records show that it was constructed by early Dutch settlers.",
"symbolic motifs incorporated into the walls indicate that they were built by Indian traders.",
"they thought sub-Saharan Africans were incapable of such achievements."
] | 3D |
What was a unifying element to the Chavin culture? | prehistory | [
"artistic styles incorporating the same creatures",
"woven textiles displaying common motifs",
"worked metal objects",
"all the above"
] | 3D |
Which of the following indicates a primary context? | prehistory | [
"a landfill where refuse from an entire community has accumulated",
"artifacts, ecofacts, and bone exposed on the ground surface by erosion",
"the existence of a cache or collection of artifacts found where they were left",
"all of the above"
] | 2C |
Which of the following is NOT one of Joseph Tainter's proposed causes for the collapse of ancient civilizations? | prehistory | [
"resource depletion",
"economic decline",
"elite mismanagement",
"epidemic disease"
] | 3D |
The archaeological remains of foundations at Pilfershire were found: | prehistory | [
"by taking a walk in the woods.",
"by carefully excavating an entire region.",
"using satellite imaging.",
"All of the above."
] | 0A |
How do archaeologists characterize the peoples who built monumental structures at Göbekli Tepe, Watson Brake, and Poverty Point? | prehistory | [
"agriculturalists",
"affluent foragers",
"archaic states",
"primitive civilizations"
] | 1B |
The __________ tradition features finely made, leaf-shaped stone blades. The __________ tradition, which followed behind it, emphasizes bone and antler work. | prehistory | [
"Solutrean; Magdelanian",
"Gravettian; Solutrean",
"Magdelanian; Aurignacian",
"Aurignacian; Gravettian."
] | 0A |
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