question stringlengths 79 438 | subject stringclasses 1
value | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer class label 4
classes |
|---|---|---|---|
The quantum efficiency of a photon detector is 0.1. If 100 photons are sent into the detector, one after the other, the detector will detect photons | college_physics | [
"an average of 10 times, with an rms deviation of about 4",
"an average of 10 times, with an rms deviation of about 3",
"an average of 10 times, with an rms deviation of about 1",
"an average of 10 times, with an rms deviation of about 0.1"
] | 1B |
The coefficient of static friction between a small coin and the surface of a turntable is 0.30. The turntable rotates at 33.3 revolutions per minute. What is the maximum distance from the center of the turntable at which the coin will not slide? | college_physics | [
"0.024 m",
"0.048 m",
"0.121 m",
"0.242 m"
] | 3D |
The primary source of the Sun’s energy is a series of thermonuclear reactions in which the energy produced is c^2 times the mass difference between | college_physics | [
"two hydrogen atoms and one helium atom",
"four hydrogen atoms and one helium atom",
"six hydrogen atoms and two helium atoms",
"three helium atoms and one carbon atom"
] | 1B |
Electromagnetic radiation provides a means to probe aspects of the physical universe. Which of the following statements regarding radiation spectra is NOT correct? | college_physics | [
"Lines in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum reveal primarily the nuclear structure of the sample.",
"The wavelengths identified in an absorption spectrum of an element are among those in its emission spectrum.",
"Absorption spectra can be used to determine which elements are present... | 0A |
Excited states of the helium atom can be characterized as para- (antiparallel electron spins) and ortho- (parallel electron spins). The observation that an ortho- state has lower energy than the corresponding para- state can be understood in terms of which of the following? | college_physics | [
"The Heisenberg uncertainty principle",
"The Pauli exclusion principle",
"The Bohr model of the atom",
"Nuclear hyperfine coupling"
] | 1B |
Which of the following is true about any system that undergoes a reversible thermodynamic process? | college_physics | [
"There are no changes in the internal energy of the system.",
"The temperature of the system remains constant during the process.",
"The entropy of the system and its environment remains unchanged.",
"The entropy of the system and its environment must increase."
] | 2C |
Characteristic X rays, appearing as sharp lines on a continuous background, are produced when high-energy electrons bombard a metal target. Which of the following processes results in the characteristic X rays? | college_physics | [
"Electrons producing Čerenkov radiation",
"Electrons colliding with phonons in the metal",
"Electrons filling inner shell vacancies that are created in the metal atoms",
"Electrons combining with protons to form neutrons"
] | 2C |
An atom has filled n = 1 and n = 2 levels. How many electrons does the atom have? | college_physics | [
"2",
"4",
"6",
"10"
] | 3D |
Assume that the solar flux at Earth’s surface is 1,000 W/m^2 and that the sunlight is normal to a completely reflecting surface with an area of 3 m^2. What is the total radiation force exerted on the surface? | college_physics | [
"2 x 10^-6 N",
"1 x 10^-5 N",
"2 x 10^-5 N",
"3 N"
] | 2C |
Light of variable frequency shines on the metal surface of a photoelectric tube. Einstein’s theory of the photoelectric effect predicts that the | college_physics | [
"work function of the metal is proportional to the frequency",
"work function of the metal is proportional to the wavelength",
"current in the tube is a linear function of the wavelength",
"potential difference necessary to stop the emitted electrons is a linear function of the frequency above the threshold f... | 3D |
If the Sun were suddenly replaced by a black hole of the same mass, it would have a Schwarzschild radius of 3,000 m. What effect, if any, would this change have on the orbits of the planets? | college_physics | [
"The planets would move directly toward the Sun.",
"The planets would move in spiral orbits.",
"The planets would oscillate about their former elliptical orbits.",
"The orbits would remain unchanged."
] | 3D |
At 20°C, a pipe open at both ends resonates at a frequency of 440 hertz. At what frequency does the same pipe resonate on a particularly cold day when the speed of sound is 3 percent lower than it would be at 20°C ? | college_physics | [
"414 Hz",
"427 Hz",
"433 Hz",
"440 Hz"
] | 1B |
The quantum efficiency of a photon detector is 0.1. If 100 photons are sent into the detector, one after the other, the detector will detect photons | college_physics | [
"exactly 10 times",
"an average of 10 times, with an rms deviation of about 0.1",
"an average of 10 times, with an rms deviation of about 1",
"an average of 10 times, with an rms deviation of about 3"
] | 3D |
A student makes 10 one-second measurements of the disintegration of a sample of a long-lived radioactive isotope and obtains the following values: 3, 0, 2, 1, 2, 4, 0, 1, 2, 5. How long should the student count to establish the rate to an uncertainty of 1 percent? | college_physics | [
"80 s",
"160 s",
"2,000 s",
"5,000 s"
] | 3D |
The negative muon, mu^-, has properties most similar to which of the following? | college_physics | [
"Electron",
"Meson",
"Photon",
"Boson"
] | 0A |
The energy from electromagnetic waves in equilibrium in a cavity is used to melt ice. If the Kelvin temperature of the cavity is increased by a factor of two, the mass of ice that can be melted in a fixed amount of time is increased by a factor of | college_physics | [
"2",
"4",
"8",
"16"
] | 3D |
Excited states of the helium atom can be characterized as para- (antiparallel electron spins) and ortho- (parallel electron spins). The observation that an ortho- state has lower energy than the corresponding para- state can be understood in terms of which of the following? | college_physics | [
"The Heisenberg uncertainty principle",
"The Pauli exclusion principle",
"The Bohr model of the atom",
"Nuclear hyperfine coupling"
] | 1B |
The driver of a police car hears an echo of the car’s siren from a wall toward which the car is moving with a speed of 3.5 m/s. If the speed of sound is 350 m/s and the frequency of the siren is 600 Hz, the driver hears the echo at a frequency nearest to which of the following? | college_physics | [
"600 Hz",
"606 Hz",
"612 Hz",
"618 Hz"
] | 2C |
A particle decays in 2.0 ms in its rest frame. If the same particle moves at v=0.60c in the lab frame, how far will it travel in the lab before decaying? | college_physics | [
"150 m",
"288 m",
"360 m",
"450 m"
] | 3D |
A tube of water is traveling at 1/2 c relative to the lab frame when a beam of light traveling in the same direction as the tube enters it. What is the speed of light in the water relative to the lab frame? (The index of refraction of water is 4/3.) | college_physics | [
"1/2 c",
"2/3 c",
"5/6 c",
"10/11 c"
] | 3D |
Which of the following gives the total spin quantum number of the electrons in the ground state of neutral nitrogen (Z = 7)? | college_physics | [
"1/2",
"1",
"3/2",
"5/2"
] | 2C |
A grating spectrometer can just barely resolve two wavelengths of 500 nm and 502 nm, respectively. Which of the following gives the resolving power of the spectrometer? | college_physics | [
"2",
"250",
"5,000",
"10,000"
] | 1B |
A net force F_A acts on object A, and a net force F_B acts on object B. The mass of object B is twice the mass of object A, and the acceleration of object B is twice that of object A. Which of the following is true of forces F_A and F_B? | college_physics | [
"F_B = 1/4 F_A",
"F_B = 1/2 F_A",
"F_B = 2F_A",
"F_B = 4F_A"
] | 3D |
Under ideal conditions, the electric and magnetic fields inside a superconductor are zero. Maxwell’s equations imply that which of the following must be true just outside the surface of the superconductor? | college_physics | [
"B = 0",
"B is perpendicular to the surface.",
"B is tangential to the surface.",
"B is time independent."
] | 2C |
Two students perform an experiment in which they drop a ball from rest from a known height above the ground and measure the speed of the ball just before it strikes the ground. From repeated measurement, the students estimate the uncertainty in the measured speed of the ball to be 10 percent. Which of the following giv... | college_physics | [
"5%",
"10%",
"15%",
"20%"
] | 3D |
If the absolute temperature of a blackbody is increased by a factor of 3, the energy radiated per second per unit area does which of the following? | college_physics | [
"Decreases by a factor of 81.",
"Decreases by a factor of 9.",
"Increases by a factor of 9.",
"Increases by a factor of 81."
] | 3D |
Which of the following is true about any system that undergoes a reversible thermodynamic process? | college_physics | [
"There are no changes in the internal energy of the system.",
"The temperature of the system remains constant during the process.",
"The entropy of the system and its environment remains unchanged.",
"The entropy of the system and its environment must increase."
] | 2C |
Consider three identical, ideal capacitors. The first capacitor is charged to a voltage and then disconnected from the battery. The other two capacitors, initially uncharged and connected in series, are then connected across the first capacitor. What is the final voltage on the first capacitor? | college_physics | [
"V_0/5",
"V_0/3",
"V_0/2",
"2V_0/3"
] | 3D |
The first five harmonics produced by an organ pipe open at both ends are 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 150 Hz, 200 Hz, and 250 Hz. Which of the harmonics, if any, will survive once the pipe is closed at one end? | college_physics | [
"50 Hz, 150 Hz, and 250 Hz only",
"100 Hz and 200 Hz only",
"150 Hz and 250 Hz only",
"None"
] | 3D |
An organ pipe, closed at one end and open at the other, is designed to have a fundamental frequency of C (131 Hz). What is the frequency of the next higher harmonic for this pipe? | college_physics | [
"44 Hz",
"196 Hz",
"262 Hz",
"393 Hz"
] | 3D |
A single-electron atom has the electron in the l = 2 state. The number of allowed values of the quantum number m_l is | college_physics | [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"5"
] | 3D |
Two simple pendulums A and B consist of identical masses suspended from strings of length L_A and L_B, respectively. The two pendulums oscillate in equal gravitational fields. If the period of pendulum B is twice the period of pendulum A, which of the following is true of the lengths of the two pendulums? | college_physics | [
"L_B = 4L_A",
"L_B = 2L_A",
"L_B = L_A",
"L_B = 1/2 L_A"
] | 0A |
According to the BCS theory, the attraction between Cooper pairs in a superconductor is due to | college_physics | [
"the weak nuclear force",
"the strong nuclear force",
"vacuum polarization",
"interactions with the ionic lattice"
] | 3D |
At the present time, the temperature of the universe (i.e., the microwave radiation background) is about 3 K. When the temperature was 12 K, typical objects in the universe, such as galaxies, were | college_physics | [
"one-quarter as distant as they are today",
"one-half as distant as they are today",
"separated by about the same distances as they are today",
"two times as distant as they are today"
] | 0A |
By definition, the electric displacement current through a surface S is proportional to the | college_physics | [
"rate of change of the electric flux through S",
"electric flux through S",
"time integral of the magnetic flux through S",
"rate of change of the magnetic flux through S"
] | 0A |
The suspension cable of a 1,000 kg elevator snaps, sending the elevator moving downward through its shaft. The emergency brakes of the elevator stop the elevator shortly before it reaches the bottom of the shaft. If the elevator fell a distance of 100 m starting from rest, the heat that the brakes must dissipate to bri... | college_physics | [
"100 J",
"1,000 J",
"10,000 J",
"1,000,000 J"
] | 3D |
The hydrogen lines observed in the spectrum of the quasar 3C9 are shifted so far into the red that their wavelengths are three times as long as those observed in the light from hydrogen atoms at rest in a laboratory on Earth. If it is assumed that the shift is entirely due to the relative motion of 3C9 and Earth, the r... | college_physics | [
"2c",
"c",
"0.8c",
"0.5c"
] | 2C |
The mean kinetic energy of the conduction electrons in metals is ordinarily much higher than kT because | college_physics | [
"electrons have many more degrees of freedom than atoms do",
"the electrons and the lattice are not in thermal equilibrium",
"the electrons form a degenerate Fermi gas",
"electrons in metals are highly relativistic"
] | 2C |
Light of variable frequency shines on the metal surface of a photoelectric tube. Einstein’s theory of the photoelectric effect predicts that the | college_physics | [
"work function of the metal is proportional to the frequency",
"work function of the metal is proportional to the wavelength",
"current in the tube is a linear function of the wavelength",
"potential difference necessary to stop the emitted electrons is a linear function of the frequency above the threshold f... | 3D |
A spring of force constant k is stretched a certain distance. It takes twice as much work to stretch a second spring by half this distance. The force constant of the second spring is | college_physics | [
"k",
"2k",
"4k",
"8k"
] | 3D |
The surface of the Sun has a temperature close to 6,000 K and it emits a blackbody (Planck) spectrum that reaches a maximum near 500 nm. For a body with a surface temperature close to 300 K, at what wavelength would the thermal spectrum reach a maximum? | college_physics | [
"10:00 PM",
"100 Pm",
"10 mm",
"100 mm"
] | 0A |
A single-electron atom has the electron in the l = 2 state. The number of allowed values of the quantum number m_l is | college_physics | [
"5",
"4",
"3",
"2"
] | 0A |
The driver of a police car hears an echo of the car’s siren from a wall toward which the car is moving with a speed of 3.5 m/s. If the speed of sound is 350 m/s and the frequency of the siren is 600 Hz, the driver hears the echo at a frequency nearest to which of the following? | college_physics | [
"588 Hz",
"594 Hz",
"600 Hz",
"612 Hz"
] | 3D |
A photon strikes an electron of mass m that is initially at rest, creating an electron-positron pair. The photon is destroyed and the positron and two electrons move off at equal speeds along the initial direction of the photon. The energy of the photon was | college_physics | [
"mc^2",
"2mc^2",
"3mc^2",
"4mc^2"
] | 3D |
Sound waves moving at 350 m/s diffract out of a speaker enclosure with an opening that is a long rectangular slit 0.14 m across. At about what frequency will the sound first disappear at an angle of 45q from the normal to the speaker face? | college_physics | [
"500 Hz",
"1,750 Hz",
"2,750 Hz",
"3,500 Hz"
] | 3D |
If the total energy of a particle of mass m is equal to twice its rest energy, then the magnitude of the particle’s relativistic momentum is | college_physics | [
"mc/2",
"mc/(2^(1/2))",
"mc",
"(3^(1/2))mc"
] | 3D |
Two identical satellites, A and B, are in circular orbits around Earth. The orbital radius of A is twice that of B. Which of the following gives the ratio of the angular momentum of A to the angular momentum of B? | college_physics | [
"4",
"2",
"sqrt(2)",
"1/sqrt(2)"
] | 2C |
An object is thrown horizontally from the open window of a building. If the initial speed of the object is 20 m/s and it hits the ground 2.0 s later, from what height was it thrown? (Neglect air resistance and assume the ground is level.) | college_physics | [
"4.9 m",
"9.8 m",
"10.0 m",
"19.6 m"
] | 3D |
In a nonrelativistic, one-dimensional collision, a particle of mass 2m collides with a particle of mass m at rest. If the particles stick together after the collision, what fraction of the initial kinetic energy is lost in the collision? | college_physics | [
"0",
"1/4",
"1/3",
"1/2"
] | 2C |
An airplane drops a payload while traveling due north, parallel to the ground, at a constant speed of 100 m/s. If air resistance is neglected, what is the velocity of the payload relative to the plane 4.0 s after it is released? | college_physics | [
"0",
"40 m/s down",
"80 m/s down",
"100 m/s north and 40 m/s down"
] | 1B |
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